Sluiy )fe^e>.n\.CicM;EL Toronto Public Library. Reference Department. THIS BOOK MUST NOT BE. TAKEN OUT OF THE ROOM. Trio* 18 mo Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from University of Toronto http://www.archive.org/details/n14apsessionalpap43canauoft SESSIONAL PAPERS VOLUME 14 FIRST SESSION OF THE ELEVENTH PARLIAMENT OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA SESSION 1900 VOLUME XLIII I ^l(^f 8-9 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1909 See also Numerical List Page 5. ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO THE SESSIONAL PAPERS OF THE PARLIAMENT OF CANADA FIRST SESSION, ELEVENTH PARLIAMENT, 1909 A Adulteration of Food 11 Agriculture, Annual Report 15 Alaska Boundary 81 Alberta Natural Resources 81 All-Bed Line 17 Aluminum Exports and Imports 119 Armouries Erected Ill Assiniboia River 116 Astronomer, Chief, Report of 25a Auditor General, Annual Report.. .. 1 Aylwin, Francis Pereival.. 123 B Balance Sheet of Canada 66 Banks, Chartered 6 Banks, Unpaid Balances in 7 Bill Miner 110 Bouaventure Riding 138 Bonds and Securities 55 Boring for Oil, &c 75 British Canadian Loan and Investment Co 92 British Columbia; — Bibington, Thomas 118 Dominion Lands 59, 106u Indian Reserves 122 British Fleet Ill Budget Speech, 1898 109 5654^1 C Caledonia to Liverpool Railway 118 Canada and France Convention.. ..101, 102 Canadian Pacific Railway; — Additional Stock 63, 63d Business with Interior Department. 63a Lands sold by 63c Running Rights over Intercolo- nial 63b, 63c Canal Statistics 20a Carillon and Grenville Canals 98 Cash to Credit of Government 108 Cassels, Hon. Justice, Report of. . . .38, 38a Chartered Banks 6 Chicoutimi Pier 161, 161a Chinese Capitation Tax 162 Civil Service: — Appointments and Promotions.. .. 58 Bill 49fl Classifications 19 to 19e Examiners 31 Insurance 42 List 30 Regulations of Commission 113 Re-organization 58a to 58j Superannuations 11 Coal Oil 103 Colclaugh, F. W 116a Cold Storage 133 8-9 Edw. VH. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A, 1909 Costello, Thomas, Cotton Factories, Deport of 87 Industrial Disputes ainal Statistics 17 Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner. 15a Disallowance of an Ontario Act 140 Dividends Unpaid in Banks 7 Dog-Fish Reduction 131 Dominion Lands 61, 70 Dominion Police 54 Flections, House of Commons, 1908. ... 18 Electric Light, Inspection of 13 Estimates 3 to 5a Exchequer Court Rules 48 Excise Revenue 12 Experimental Farms 16, 89 Farming in Canada, Report on 156 Fisheries, Annual Report 22 Fishermen's Union, Nova Scotia 167 Fishing Bounties 1656 Fishing Leases 125 Fishing Vessels Seized 126 Foot and Mouth Disease .. ..82, 82a France and Canada Convention.. ..101, 102 Fie=h Fish 83 Gas, Inspection of 13 General Election, 1908 18 Geodetic Service Bureau 145 to 145b Geographic Board 21a Geological Survey Report 26 Georgian Bay Ship Canal 19a Government Savings Department 124, 124a Governor General's Warrants 43 Grand Trunk Pacific Lands 69 Grand Trunk Railway in Ottawa.. .. 127 Half-breed Scrip Hand Hills Post Office.. . Harbour Commissioners. . Hogs Killed House of Commons:— General Election, 1908. Employees Appointed.. Internal Economy.. .. Translation Branch.. Hudson Bay Railway.. .. .93, 139 128u 23 169 18 80 52 142 93a 2 Ice-breaking Steamers 115, 161 Immigration Agents 129 to 129b Imperial General Staff 99 Imperial Xaval Defence 170 Indian Affairs, Annual Report 27 Indian Reserves 100 to lOOe "Industry", Dredge 134 Inland Revenue, Annual Report 12 Insurance, Abstract 9 Insurance, Annual Report 8 Intercolonial Railway: — Board of Management 67e Branch Lines 67 Cap St. Ignace 67/, 67g Damages 85a" Dismissals S7d Freight Clerks 67c Machinery Purchased 85 Open Accounts 67b Report of Privy Council 67i Under Railway Board 67h Wire Fencing 67a Interior, Annual Report 25 International Boundary Waters.. ..104, 104a Jacobs, F. Macdonald 113 Justice, Annual R-eport 34 Kingston Barracks 112 Kingston Penitentiary 121 Kingston Veterinary Hospital 112a Laberge, Alphonse 160 Labour Department, Annual Report.. 36 Lachute Mills Post Office 62 Lakes Simcoe and Couchiching 111b Lake St. John Repatriation Society. .157, 166 Lands in various Provinces 106 to 106e Laterriere Village 171 Liabilities of Government 105g, 109« Library of Parliament, Annual Report. 33 List of Shipping 21b Loans by Government 105 to 105;; Lobster Licenses 165a Logberg Printing Co 132, 1321— 2 8-9 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1909 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 17— Continued. 71a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 1st February, 1909, showing the total cost of the Royal Mint to 3\use of Commons, dated 10th February, 1909, for a copy of all correspondence, telegrams, papers, reports and valuations of officers or experts, and orders in council, in connection with the purchase, removal and repairing of the dredge Industry and parts thereof, including scow, boilers and parts. Presented 29th -March, 1909— Mr. Foster Not printed. 135. Copy of a letter sent to all officers of the Department of Public Works charged with the purchase of materials and supplies, and the certifying of accounts for same, under the different branches of the chief architect, the chief engineer and the superintendent of telegraphs. Presented 31st March, 1909, by Hon. W. Pugsley Not printed. 136. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 8th February, 1909, showing the Ross Rifles, Mark I. and Mark II., or any other description of Ross Rifle, used by the Canadian rifle team at Bisley last year in the regular team competitions; what Ross rifles of any description were used in the Bisley competitions, regular or extra series matches, by any member of the Canadian team, or any Canadian marksman engaging in such matches ; with the name of the individual, and if in the employ of the Ross Rifle Company ; the description of the rifle, and in what way it differs from the Ross Rifle, Mark I. and Mark II., both as to length of barrel and such expert accessories as wind gauges, sights, globe or ring, spirit levels, 4c, if a target rifle or a service rifle, and if to be adopted by the government for the militia; and where the rifle was manufactured in toto. Presented 1st April, 1909. — Mr. Worthington Not printed. 137. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 10th February, 1909, for a copy of all correspondence, papers, reports, estimates, orders in council, 4c, in connection with the surveys of and boring in, and called for tenders for dredging or excavation in the St. John Harbour and Courtney Bay, or either of them, during the year 1908; a copy of the advertisements, names of the papers in which they were inserted, the tenders received and dates, the names of the tenderers end the amount of each tender; which tender, if any, was accepted, the deposit required, and in which bank it was deposited. Presented 6th April, 1909. — Mr. Daniel Not printed. 137a. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 10th February, 1909, for a copy of all correspondence, papers, orders in council, advertisements, tenders, con- tracts, 4c, in connection with dredging in the harbour of St. John, New Brunswick, covering the area dredged by Gershen B. Mayes, the Dominion Dredge Company, John Moore, or other parties, during the years 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907 and 1908; the quantities dug under each contract, the amounts paid to each contractor, the date of each pay- ment, and to whom. Presented 11th May, 1909- Mr. Daniel Not printed. 138. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 1st February, 1909, showing: 1. The total amount expended on public works by this government in the riding of Bonaventure prior to the general elections of 1900. 2. The total amount expended by the government in this riding, (a) on public works, and (b) in aid of the railways and other undertakings since said general election, and the estimated additional amount 30 8-9 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1909 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 17— Continued. m required, (a) to complete these public works, and (b) to meet the subsidies or grants in aid of railways or other undertakings. 3. The various public works undertaken by the Government in this riding between the general election of 1896 and the general election of 1900, the dates when the several works were undertaken, whether they were let by public advertisement, tender, and contract, or how otherwise, and the sums of money, stated separately, expended upon these works prior to the election of 1900. i. Which of these several works were completed and which of them remained uncompleted at the date of the election in 1900. 5. The sums of money, stated separately, expended in or towards completing these works since the said election of 1900, and the dates of expenditure. 6. The various public works undertaken and carried on by the Gov- ernment since the general election of 1900, the dates when the several works were inaugurated or commenced, the sums of money, stated separately, expended upon these works, and the estimated amount required to complete such of these works as have not been completed; and showing whether these works were done by tender or contract, or how otherwise. 7. The moneys granted by the Government by way of subsidy aid to railways or other undertakings in said riding since the general election of 1900, the sums of money paid under these grants and the estimated amount required to meet future payments. 8. The public works commenced and the money obligations incurred and moneys expended for public works within said riding of Bonaventure during the month of October last. Presented 13th April, 1909.— Mr. Lennox Not printed. 139. Return to an order of the Housa of Commons, dated 1st March, 1909, showing the names and addresses of all half-breeds living in the United States who have been allotted scrip since January, 1902, and to whom said scrip was sent or delivered. Presented 13th April, 1909. — Mr. Bradbury Not printed. 140. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 1st March, 1909, for a copy of all correspondence, orders in council, papers and other documents relating to the dis- allowance, or application therefor, of an Act of the Legislature of the province of Ontario, intituled: 'An Act respecting Cobalt Lake and Kerr Lake,' being chapter 15 of the Statutes of 1907. Presented 13th April, 1909— Mr. Clarke (Essex] . .Not printed. 141. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 15th February, 1909, showing: 1. The total mileage of railways authorized to be constructed under charters granted by the Dominion Parliament, between the period from 18S8 to 1908, inclusive, exclusive of the Grand Trunk Railway Company, the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, the Cana- dian Northern Railway Company, and the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Company. 2. Exclusive of the above named companies, the number of miles actually constructed under said charters. 3. The number of said companies so incorporated. 4. The num- ber of those that have actually constructed any portion of the railway so authorized. 5. The number of said charters which have lapsed. 6. The number granted an exten- sion of time for construction. 7. The number granted two such extensions. 8. The number granted three such extensions or more. Presented 19th April, 1909. — Mr. Middlebro Not printed. 141a. Return to an order of the Housa of Commons, dated 17th February, 1909, giving a list of railway charters granted since 1st January, 1900, other than to the Grand Trunk, Grand Trunk Pacific, the Canadian Northern and the Canadian Pacific Railway Com- panies, showing those wlio.se powers have lapsed, and the length of each of the pro- posed roads and branches, the date of charters and renewals, if any, the total mileage constructed, the capital stock authorized, subscribed and paid up. Presented 19th April, 1909. — Mr. Magrath Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 31 8-9 Edw. YII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1909 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 17— Continued. 142. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 1st March, 1909, showing: 1. At what work the Translation Branch of (he House of Commons is employed. 2. The number of permanent translaturs in this branch. 3. The total amount of salaries paid to these translators. 4. The documents, reports and other matters which have been translated in this branch in the last twelve mouths, not including the pages already translated in the preceding year and repeated for the purpose of the report, nor the tables already made and translated and repeated for the purpose of completing these reports and documents, which have been most recently translated. 5. The total number of pages translated by the permanent translators. 6. The total number of persons, outside of the Translation Branch, to whom has been given transla- tion work. 7. How much this o\itside work has cost, and how many pages have been translated in this way. S. What Blue-books, if any, and other matters, excepting Hansard, is translated in other departments other than the Translation Branch of the House of Commons, and in what departments. Presented 19th April, 1909. — Mr. Boyer. Not printed. 143. Certified copy of a Report of the Committee of the Privy Council, approved by His Excellency on the 19th April, 1909. — Regulations of the Civil Service Commission with reference to entrance into and promotion in the service. Presented 20th April, 1909, by Hon. C. Murphy Not printed. 144. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th January, 1909, showing all armouries built since 1st July, 1S96, giving situation, cost, capacity, officials employed in each, with yearly expenses of each armoury, distributed under the head of main- tenance, improvements, extensions and salaries, with the number of troops actually making use of the same, and to what extent each year. Presented 20th April, 1909.— Mr. Foster Not printed. 145. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 22nd March, 1909, for a copy of all correspondence, reports, documents, orders in council, in the possession of the Government relating to the establishment of a Geodetic Service Bureau, and the com- mencement of a Geodetic Survey in Canada. Presented 20th April, 1909.— Mr. MacLean (Lunenburg) Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 145a. Supplementary Return to No. 145. Presented 27th April, 1909. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 145b. Further Supplementary Return to No. 145. Presented 28th April, 1909. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 146. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th February, 1909, for a copy of all correspondence respecting the improvements made in the Assiniboia River near Portage la Prairie, in September and October, 1908; and of all papers, vouchers, orders, resolutions, returned cheques, &c, in any way relating to the said work or to carry- ing out of same. Presented 22nd April, 1909.— Mr. Staples Not printed. 147. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th January, 1909, showing the various statistical and special informative publications issued by the several depart- ments of the Government, the number and pages of each, the number and cost of each for the year 190S, the number of persons employed in their preparation, the salaries paid to each person so employed, the number of special employees for engraving or illustrating these publications, and the salaries and expenses of the same, including work and apparatus, the firm or printing company publishing the same, and the amount paid in each case for printing and binding. The above return is not to include the regular reports of the departments, but to be so presented as to show the 32 8-9 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1909 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 17— Continued. name of each statistical or special publication, the number of such printed, and the number of pages in each, the number of officials employed in the preparation of the publication, the total cost of each, and the total cost of all such publications for the year 1908. Presented 22nd April, 1909.— Mr. Foster Not printed. 148. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 5th April, 1909, for copies of all correspondence between the Marine and Fisheries Department and any person or persons relative to the concellatioo of the certificate of Thomas Bibbington, or the removal of his name from the list of certified pilots for the port of Victoria, B.C. Presented 22nd April, 1909. — Mr. Barnurd Sot printed. 149. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 8th February, 1909, showing all contracts for the carrying of mail, whioh expire in the month of April, 1909, that have been renewed without asking for tenders; where the routes are situated, the price paid for carrying the mail, and the name of the carrier, and his place of residence in each case. Presented 27th April, 1909. — Mr. Armstrong Not printed. 150. Copy of an ordinance respecting the hearing and decision of disputes in relation to mining lands in the Yukon Territory. Presented (Senate) 5th May, 1909. by Hon. Sir Richard Cartwright Xot printed. 151. Copy of an ordinance respecting the imposition of a tax upon ale, porter, beer or lager beer imported into the Yukon Territory. Presented (Senate) 5th May, 1909, by Hon. Sir Richard Cartwright Not printed. 152. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 11th February, 1909, for a copy of all communications, accounts, reports and other papers received by the Department of Public Works from A. Edgar Hanson, E. T. P. Shewan, or other person or persons, relating to the survey of the St. John River channel between Fredericton and Wood- stock, and of all letters, instructions, &c, from the department to Mr. Hanson, Mr. Shewan, or other person or persons in connection therewith. Presented 7th May, 1909. —Mr. Crocket Not printed. 153. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 22nd March, 1909, for a copy of all orders in council directing that repairs be made on different wharfs in the county of Soulanges, a copy of all correspondence, reports, accounts and pay-rolls relating to the valuation of these works, the payment and the list of names of all who were employed as day labourers on these works: a copy of all letters, reports and recommendations exchanged between the Government and all other perons relating to the choice of men to be engaged on these works and those who should be refused em- ployment ; a copy of the report of accounts produced by Mr. Alfred Bissonette, wharfinger at St. Zotique, and Mr. Trefle Poirier. wharfinger on the wharfs of the canal and River St. Lawrence, in the parish of Des Cedres, and of those of Mr. Isaie Lalonde, son of Albert, farmer, of St. Zotique; a copy of accounts for furnishing wood, iron, cement, sand and stone used in the building of said wharfs, and also a statement of the materials purchased as aforesaid, paid for by the department, and which were not used because they were considered unfit for the building of these wharfs. Presented 11th May, 1909.— Mr. Lortie Not printed. 154. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated Eth P'ebruary, 1909, for a copy of all orders in council, correspondence, papers and other documents between the Gov- ernment or any member thereof, and any person or persons, referring in any way to the drainage of the Nation River, running through the township of Matilda and Win- chester, in the county of Dundas, from the year 190). Presented 11th May, 1909. — Mr. Broder Not printed. 33 5654—3 S-9 Edw. VLT. List of Sessional Papers. • A. 10(19 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 17— Continued. 155. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 5th April, 1909, showing the amount of money received from the GoTernment by the Canada Posten of Winnipeg during the years 1907 and 1918. Presented 12tli .May. 1909.— Afr. Bradbury. .Not ]>rinted. 156. Farming in Canada.— Report of the Scottish Commission on Agriculture in Canada, 1908. Presented 12th May, 1909. by Hon. F. Oliver Sot printed. 157. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 5th April, 1909, for a copy of all correspondence and reports respecting the Colonization and Repatriation Society of Lake St. John from 1900 to this date, and a detailed statement of the moneys paid to the society and of the manner in which they have been expended between these dates. Presented 14th May, 1909.— Mr. Girard Not printed. 158. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 19th March, 1909, calling for copies of all correspondence and documents from the Pacific Cable Board on the working and revenue of the Pacific cable and all information on the subject of a state-owned Atlantic cable and Empire cables generally. Presented 13th May, 1909. — Hon. Mr. Belcourt Not printed. 159. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 29th April, 1909, for copies of all correspon- dence between the Honourable Sir Frederick Borden, Minister of Militia and Defence, Mr. Crowe and others, relating to the admission of Newfoundland into the Dominion as a province of the same. Presented 13th May, 1909.— Hon. Sir Mackenzie Boirell. Not printed. 160. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 5th April, 1909, for a copy of all T lments, complaints, correspondence and decisions arrived at relating to a contract of lease entered into between Alphonse Laberge, lessor, and the Government of the Dominion of Canada, lessee, of date 20th day of July, 1904. Presented 11th May, 1909. — Mr. Roy (Montmagny) Not printed. 161. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 22nd March, 1909, for a copy of all correspondence, tenders and documents in connection with the construction of an ice-breaking steamer for Northumberland Straits, let to Messers. Vickers, Sons & Maxim; also the same in connection with the construction of a lighthouse tende.- and buoy steamer for the Great Lakes, by Messrs. Swan, Hunter, Wigham & Richardson. Presented 15th May. 1909.— Mr. Currie (Simcoej Not printed. 162. Order in Council granting authority for the exemption from payment of the Chinese Capitation Tax in certain cases. Presented 17th May, 1909, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. £ Not printed. 163. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 3rd March, 1909, showing with respect to prosecutions since 1906 for violation of postal law. the nature of each offence alleged, the place of residence of person charged, and the result of each trial and penalty imposed. Presented 17th May. 1909. — Mr. Taylor (New Westminster). Not printed. 164. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 8th March, 1909, for a copy of all reports, specifications, offers, tenders, contracts, alterations of contract, correspondence and documents of every description relating to or in connection with the contract of Thadee Desbiens for an extension to the Chicoutimi pier; and the same in connection with the contract of the General Construction Company, for work done by the dredge Algonquin at at near said pier. Presented 18th May, 1909.— Mr. Ames Not printed. 34 8-9 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1909 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 17— Continued. 164a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 8th March, 1909, for a copy of all petitions, reports, specifications, offers, tenders, contracts or papers, of any description in connection with the protection pier at Riviere du Moulin, near Chicou- timi; Saguenay County, P.Q. Presented 19th May, 1909. — Mr. Ames Noi printed. 165. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 5th April, 1909, showing how many seining licenses for fishing in Pacific coast waters are now current ; to whom they have been granted; the area covered by each license, and how many of these licenses are being operated by the original licensees, and how many by aliens. Presented 18th May, 1909. — Mr. Cowan Not printed. 165a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 8th March, 1909, showing: 1. How many licenses to fish and pack lobsters in the coast waters of Prince Edward Island have been issued by the Dominion Government since 1st January, 1904, to this date, and to whom same were issued. 2. A copy of any petitions, requests, or correspon- dence received by the Government from any person or persons, or corporations since 1st January, 1904, asking for licenses to fish and pack lobsters in said province. 3. The number of new licenses likely to be issued by the Government during the present year. Presented ISth May, 1909.— Mr. Fraser Not printed. 165b. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 5th April, 1909, showing the names of all persons residing in the town of Liverpool, Nova Scotia, or in its vicinity, who were paid fishing bounties in the year 1908, and the names of all persons residing in Liverpool, Nova Scotia, or in the vicinity thereof, to whom seine trap licenses were issued in 1908, and the amounts paid lor the same in each case. Presented 19th May, 1909 -Mr. Crosby \'ot printed. 166. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 18th March. 1909, calling for copies of all charges, — complaints made by Mr. Joseph Girard or others to the Prime Minister, or any member of the Government, against the Lake St. John Colonization Society. Pre- sented 18th May, 1909.— Hon. Mr. Tessier Not printed. 167. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 8th March, 1909, for a copy of all correspondence, communications in writing and documents from the grand secretary, or any other officials of the Fishermen's Union of Nova Scotia, or any branch or station of the said union, to the Minister of Marine and Fisheries or to any official of the department, and the replies or communications from the minister or any official of the department since the 1st of January, 1907. Presented 19th May, 1909. — Mr. Borden (Halifax) Not printed. 168. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 13th January. 19118. showing all wharfs, piers, breakwaters, and other public works of a similar character which have been constructed at the expense of Canada, since 1st January, 1897, or for which public money has been voted or appropriated since that date, giving the amount expended or appropriated in each instance, the total cost of each such work, the estimated total cost in each case where the work has not yet been completed, the name of the place where the work is situated, the cost of annual maintenance and upkeep of each such work, and the amount of annual revenue derived therefrom in each instance. Pre- sent d 19th May, 1909.— Mr. Borden (Halifax) Not printed. 169. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 8th February. 1909, showing how many hogs have been killed during each month from the 1st of November, 1907. to 1st November, 1908, inclusive, by the following packing companies: the Laing Pack, and Prov. Co., Ltd., Montreal; the t'olliugwood Pack. Co., Ltd., < 'ollingwood ; the Williams Davis Co., Ltd., Harriston; the George Matthews Co., Ltd., Hull; the George Mat- 35 8-9 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1909 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 17— Continued. thews Co., Ltd.. Brantford. the George Matlhews Co., Ltd., Peterborough; the Whyte Packing Co., Ltd., Brantford; the Canadian racking Co., Ltd., London, and the number of hogs condemned, including intestines, during the same period. Presented 19th May, 1909.— Mr. Bciillic Not printed. 170. Copy of correspondence between the Government of Canada and the British Govern- ment on the subject of Imperial Naval Defence. Presented 19th May, 1909. by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed. 171. lieturn to an order of the Senate, dated 12th May, 1909, calling for copies of the peti- tions, letters patent and telegrams sent by the citizens of the parish, or of the town- ship, and of the village of Laterriere, in the county of Chieoutimi. asking for a subsidy for the Ha-Ha Bay Railway Company, or any other railway company, to build a rail- way from Jonquiere, or near thereto, to St. Alphonse. Presented 19th May, 1909.— Bon. Mr. Choquctte Not printed. 36 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 A. 1909 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR THE Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908 PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA PRINTED BY C. H. PARMELEE, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. 1909 [No. 25—1909.] 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 A. 1909 To His Excellency the Right Honourable Sir Albert Henry George, Earl Grey, G.C.M.G., &c, &c, Governor General of Canada. May it Please Your Excellency : The undersigned has the honour to lay before Your Excellency the report of the transactions of the Department of the Interior for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1908. Respectfully submitted, FRANK OLIVER, Minister of the Interior. Ottawa, September 5, 1908. 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 A. 1909 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page. Report of the Deputy Minister of the Interior ix PAET I.— DOMINION LANDS. No. 1 Report of the Commissioner 3 2 Inspector of Dominion Land Agencies 3 3 " Agent at Battleford 10 4 " " Brandon 11 5 " " Calgary 12 6 " " Dauphin 14 7 " " Edmonton 16 8 " " Estevan 17 9 " " Humboldt 18 10 " '• Kamloops 19 11 " " Lethbridge 20 12 " " Moosejaw 21 13 " '• New Westminster 23 14 " " Prince Albert 23 15 " " Red Deer 25 16 " " Regina 26 17 " " Winnipeg 27 18 " " Torkton 28 19 " Mines Branch 29 20 " Timber, Grazing and Irrigation Branch 41 21 " Inspector of Crown Timber Agencies 45 22 " Crown Timber Agent at Calgary 51 23 " " Edmonton 56 24 " " Prince Albert 61 25 " " Winnipeg 64 26 " " New Westminster 68 27 Inspector of Ranches 74 28 " Accountant 75 29 " Ordnance and Admiralty Lands Branch 82 30 " Registrar of Correspondence 87 31 " School Lands Branch 89 32 " Correspondence Mailing Office 98 33 " Geographer 99 34 " Land Patents Branch 106 Vi DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 PAET II.— IMMIGRATION. Report of the Superintendent of Immigration 3 OPERATIONS IN EUROrE. No. 1 Report of the High Commissioner 62 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 J. Obed Smith, Assistant Superintendent of Emigration. ... 68 A. F. Jury, Agent at Liverpool 73 G. H. Mitchell, Agent at Birmingham 74 L. Burnett, Agent at York 75 M. Mclntyre, Agent at Glasgow 76 John McLennan, Agent at Aberdeen 77 John Webster, Agent at Belfast 78 H. M. Murray, Agent at Exeter . 80 Edward O'Kelly, Agent at Dublin 81 Paul Wiallard, Agent at Paris, France 83 D. Treau de Cceli, Agent at Antwerp, Belgium 84 OPERATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. No. 13 Report of W. J. White, Inspector of Agencies in the United States. ... 86 OPERATIONS IN WESTERN CANADA. No. 14 Report of J. Bruce Walker, Commissioner of Immigration. 89 15 " Dr. S. C. Corbett, Medical Officer at Winnipeg 92 16 C. W. Speers, General Colonization Agent 93 JUVENILE IMMIGRATION. No. 17 Report of G. Bogue Smart, Inspector of British Immigrant Children and Receiving Homes 96 MEDICAL INSPECTION SERVICE. No. 18 Report of Dr. P. H. Bryce, Chief Medical Officer 109 PART III.— SURVEYS. Report of the Surveyor General 3 APPENDICES. No. 1 Schedule of Surveyors Employed and Work Executed 21 2 Schedule Showing Miles Surveyed and Cost 28 3 Yukon Territory Surveys 29 4 " " Miscellaneous 31 5 Work Executed in Office of Chief Draughtsman 32 6 List of New Editions of Sectional Maps issued 34 7 Work Executed in Survey Records Office . . . . 35 8 " Photographic Office 36 9 Lithographic Office 37 10 Names ai d Duties of Topographical Surveys Branch 38 11 List of Dominion Land Surveyors Supplied with Standard Measures.... 42 12 Examination Papers for Dominion Land Surveyors 46 Note. — The remaining schedules, from 13 to 44, inclusive, comprising reports of sur- veyors and descriptions of surveyed townships, and the maps, will appear with the monograph form only of the Surveyor General's Report. TABLE OF COX TEXTS vii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 PART IV.— CHIEF ASTRONOMER. Note. — This part, comprising the Report of the Chief Astronomer and Appendices. will appear as a separate report, in monograph form. PART V.— ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK. Report of the Superintendent 3 " Curator of the Museum 18 Meteorological Tables 20 PART VI.— YUKON TERRITORY. Report of the Commissioner 3 No. 1 Report of the Acting Comptroller 6 2 Acting Gold Commissioner 8 3 Mining Engineer 13 4 " Acting Crown Timber and Land Agent 19 5 Director of Surveys 22 6 Assistant Gold Commissioner 23 PART VII.— FORESTRY. Report of the Superintendent, R. H. Campbell 3 APPENDICES. No. 1 Report of Norman M. Ross, District Superintendent of Forestry 24 2 " F. W. H. Jacombe, Technical Assistant 30 3 " A. P. Stevenson, Tree-planting Inspector 31 4 ' Angus MacKintosh, Tree-planting Inspector 33 5 " John Caldwell, Tree-planting Inspector 34 6 " Walter B. Guiton, Tree-planting Inspector 35 7 " . James Leamy, Crown Timber Agent 37 8 " W. J. Margach, Chief Forest Ranger 39 9 " W. A. Davis, Chief Forest Ranger 40 10 " C. A. Walkinshaw, Forest Ranger 42 11 " John Stewart, D.L.S., C.E., Commissioner and Chief Engineer of Irrigation 43 12 " P. M. Sauder 44 13 " Ralph J. Burley 45 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 A. 1909 EEPOET OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER OF THE INTERIOR 1907-8 Department of the Interior, Ottawa, September 1, 1908. The Honourable Frank Oliver, Minister of the Interior. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the report of the Department of the Interior for the year ending March 31, 190S, being the thirty-fifth annual presentment of the department since its inception in the year 1873. While the general results obtained were not so satisfactory as for the previous year, as evidenced by the falling off in the number of free homestead entries recorded and in the gross amount of revenue collected, it is gratifying to note that the depression caused by the unfavourable climatic conditions prevailing during the winter of 1906 and the following spring and summer of 1907, has been only of a momentary character and has not perceptibly retarded the progress of the western grain fields. The grain shortage of 1907, coupled with the temporary financial depression which existed at the time, made it necessary for the government to assist needy settlers with advances of grain so as to enable them to seed their farms last spring, and a special appropriation for this purpose was made by parliament at its last session. Thanks to the active co-operation of the governments of Saskatchewan and Alberta, the purchase and distribution of the grain was effected by the department in a very satisfactory manner, and the present crop prospects are such that there is every reason to believe that the majority of the settlers affected will be in a position to return promptly the amount of the advances made to them. A report was issued some months ago con- taining full particulars as to the terms of the contracts under which the seed grain was purchased, and as to the methods followed in distributing the samp. On the whole, the season of 1907 has been a difficult one for a large proportion of the western settlers, but it has not been without its compensations. It has demonstrated beyond doubt that if the expectations of one season are not realized, those of the next may safely be relied upon ; that on the whole the western farm compares favourably in constant productiveness with the best grain areas in the world, and that the magnificent crops now maturing adequately testify to the sturdiness and intelligence of the present tillers of the soil. 25— b x DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 NEW APPOINTMENTS. The only new appointment at headquarters during the past year was that of Mr. J. A. Cote as assistant deputy minister. The necessity for bringing about such a division of the work as would relieve the deputy head of a portion of the arduous duties devolving upon him became imperative as a result of the large increase in the business of the department within the past few years. Under the present arrangement, with a judicious apportionment of the work of the office between the deputy head and his assistant, the former will thus be enabled to devote to the general administration of the department such attention as the same demands, which will better ensure the proper carrying out of the regulations. Mr. Cote has been connected with the department in a permanent capacity since 1882, and having been for the past twenty years attached to the office of the deputy minister, he is in every way specially fitted to discharge satisfactorily the new duties now devolving upon him. In the outside service the following new appointments were made during the year, namely: — Mr. Howard Douglas, who had for a number of years past occupied the position of Superintendent of the Rocky Mountains Park of Canada, was appointed to the new position of Commissioner of Dominion Parks on April 1, 1908. Mr. Douglas had here- tofore exercised supervision over the several Dominion parks and buffalo reservations in the west ever since the establishment of these reservations, and in view of the fact that it is proposed to place these parks under the control of superintendents it wa9 felt that it would be in the public interest to have a responsible outside officer who would have the general control of the parks and act upon direct instructions from Ottawa. Mr. Douglas has shown himself to be eminently qualified to fill the position of commissioner, and there is no doubt that the general administration of parks will be greatly benefited by the new arrangement. Mr. G. E. Hunter, who has been employed at the Pocky Mountains Park office for several years past, and whose services have been highly satisfactory, was promoted to the position of superintendent of the park on the first of April last. In the Dominion lands outside service two new agents were appointed, namely, Mr. K. W. McKenzie as agent for the district of Edmonton, in lieu of Mr. A. G. Harrison, who resigned, and Mr. James Stafford as agent for the district of Lethbridge, in lii u of -Mr. J. W. Martin, who was promoted to the position of assistant inspector. Mr. McKenzie's appointment was dated September 16, 1907, and that of Mr. Stafford, July 1, of the same year. I regret to report that there were ten deaths in the department during the past twelve months, three at headquarters, four in the Dominion lands service, and three in the immigration branch. REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER xi SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 The following is a list of the officials in question, and of the dates of their deaths : — Head Office- Mr. Brown- Wall is, September 22, 1907. Miss Eeba Sharp, November 21, 1907. Miss M. L. Ouiniet, Aug-ust 2, 1907. Dominion Lands (outside service) — T. H. Aikman, Crown timber office, Winnipeg, August 22, 1907. J. W. E. Darby, Dominion lands office, Winnipeg, in March, 1908. Charles Fisher, on half-breed claim commission, in August, 1907. James Paisley, Dominion lands office, Brandon, January 14, 1908. Immigration Branch — Samuel Gray, Winnipeg office, August 22, 1907. Joseph Daigle, Montreal office, March 13, 1908. Thos. Bennett, immigration agent, January 27, 1908. Statement showing Gross Cash Revenue received from all sources, during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1908, compared with the receipts of the previous twelve months. Source of Revenue. Twelve months ended March 31, 1908. Twelve months ended March 31, 1907. Increase. Decrease. Net Decrease. S cts. 1,998,219 92 708,045 83 8,674 95 12.899 84 20,069 03 2,256 65 1,650 00 S cts . 2,125,958 51 829,881 90 9,216 59 15,016 35 13,328 47 1H7,407 47 2,875 00 21 00 8 cts. 3 cts. 127,738 59 121,836 07 541 64 2,116 51 $ cts. 6,740 56 105,150 82 1,225 00 21 00 Fines under the Immigration Act . Fines and forfeitures, Northwest 2,751,816 22 3,103,705 29 6,740 56 358,629 63 351,889 07 25— Bi xii DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Statement of receipts of Dominion Lands Kevemie for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1908, compared with the receipts for the previous twelve months. Particulars 1907-1908. Homestead fees Improvements Sales of lands Map sales, office fees, &c Rental ol lands Survey fees Timber dues . Grazing lands Coal lands Hay permits Mining fees Hydraulic leases Dredging leases Export tax on gold Free miners' certificates Free certificates for export of gold. - .Stone quarries : . . Irrigation fees Rent of water power Fees rt Board of Examiners D.L.S. Patent and interchange fees Rocky Mountains Park Townsite sales Suspense account Refunds of refunds Miscellaneous Refunds. . Net totals. s cts. 301,693 73 71,139 47 656,303 03 7,727 29 5,30!l 01 141,25 i 35 473,008 94 43,211 78 29,697 64 4,976 45 130,703 55 6,243 97 19,616 84 70,504 65 7G 25 162 50 1,270 93 516 75 2,640 78 690 00 1,283 50 27,232 87 Twelve months ended March 31, l!i07. 1,385 35 692 77 271 52 1,998, 21 !l 92 114,000 04 ■I 1,883,619 88 .? cts . 377,043 55 .-,1,221 50 721,441 00 7,680 38 15,213 44 74,993 28 4911,048 44 59,436 43 3,803 91 :uon is 126,221 00 3,844 58 4,2f,:i 54 128,531 40 19,578 31 266 50 1,526 38 589 51 500 00 554 00 1,069 00 21.679 33 9,085 32 4.2SI 97 1,230 76 228 17 2,127,434 88 50,337 50 2,077,097 38 Increase. $ cts . 19,917 H7 46 111 66,262 07 25,983 73 1,876 30 4,482 55 2,404 39 15,353 30 2,140 78 136 00 214 50 5,553 54 43 35 144,325 39 64,262 54 Decrease. 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S : ■/ "3 o © ; >> o NXOiCHfl^T lO '-T t>^ CO oi ©* h ci CO -r iri ao" trx rn »xx-;r.r. ~ 3a r. oa Ca ca OiOOOCS©©© © © t; 00 CO CO OO X X X v: X X <3 X co CO en ca ca ca ca ca oa o. o. c rHr-"rHr-i^-^^rHi— IHH r-l^^-r-ir-lr-^r-lrH-H -3 111(1:1(11 'j; t^- X c: o h Cl cc -r o O 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 ac N X O O H ?1 CO f O *.i. <3 C5 x x x x — . - . n — T. c. © © O X X X X X X X X X X X X< CO co OS c: ca ca ca oa 1— IrHrHrHrHi— 'rHr— (rHi— 1 ra ca H DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 o ~+ co x ri ?i ?i ti ti ic » so t~ Ni-tcociTC ~ c ~ i^ ri r. - - - r. r. r- ■- m x n o ^r- i-MCQ coc « •M,ot-.0,",tx,1- -lri— 'r~;~rl.y: L°3 ° o-os eo co co co i- oa eg ~. tc ^ ;o of of rH i* Tl r_' — ' t - i - — * u.-' — ' ~*-r Tl"-»2 i-*— *-r* — ' X* —'.*:* S C~' t - — ' t Z se " T i T. vS :ix<*. ~. -r c to © r: r~. x c c c ao t-cc toi-iic tic c i- ~. — r*. t- t- i-t -IHH r-l rH H CI « f K N ffl CC t — D8T1 — -- T r >> c S3 O B 3 ■nOOXXTlNNf-NOIMMCN CXI CO OHOtCSM ■HXNi-uo?:HOHC;-j-:if -rx:r; - x 3 i - x x . r, c- o t^ c: -r M t^ — c C c* x iq c u~ —. i t- iz ic. 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'co i>- o6 a O -h 71 CO -1 irfcc t- X © © © © © © © — © - . t>- 1- 1- i- 1-- 1- 1^ cc xxxxa X X X X ~ ~ —. — . cr -. c* CAQQHHHHHHHHr iin^wj;i-.x- © — cm co h> ^ to i^ x © © -h en ■?•■ -r j' ■iNxioHNWCOCOt' £: fe £: Lr fcr l - w ' - r r'r- ~r ~r- x- *- '- x x © ©. © r ososcftcscBosooooocpoc CO CO GO GO GO X CO X X 30 00 00 CC X X X CO 00 CO CO CO at X X X X X X © © © ~ OS OS OS o i-H rH i— ( r- * r-i r~ ■• •— l i— 1 rH t— • r- 1 i- 4 ^H *- r- i- rH r- HHr rH r- r- r- r-i r- — r- i- svi DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Statement of the Rocky Mountains Park Revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1908. Particulars. Amount. Rent $5,351 49 Timber dues.. 1,34139 Water rates 208 44 Transfer fees 46 00 Cave and basin (bathing tickets) 3,277 00 Quarry permits '. . 488 00 Dog licenses 181 50 Livery licenses 567 00 Pool and billiard licenses 160 00 Boat licenses 25 00 Butcher licenses 40 00 Coal lands 11,866 SO Grazing lands 230 00 Hot springs (bathing tickets^ 3,108 50 Telephone rent 242 50 Fines 11 00 Sale of lumber 20 00 Peddlers' licenses 36 00 Camping permits 22 00 Miscellaneous 10 25 Total $27,232 87 Xote. — The average monthly revenue for the nine months ended March 31, 1907, was $1,765.27. The average monthly revenue for the twelve months ended March 31, 1908, was $2,209.40. REVENUE. The financial returns will show that the falling off in the gross cash revenue is chiefly attributable to a decrease in the amount realized from the sale of school lands and the collection of registration fees. As regards the latter item, it may be explained that the revenue from this source ceased from and after September 1, 1906, when land titles offices passed from federal to provincial control as a result of the coming into force of the Acts establishing the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta. The falling off in the revenue on account of school lands amounted to $121,836.07, which added to the decrease in the collection of registration fees, $105,150.82, and $58,026.75 on the export tax on gold, represents a total decrease for these three items of $285,016.34, leaving a deficit of only $66,875.43 properly chargeable to the Dominion lands, and which is accounted for by the falling off of 7,000 entries during the past year, as compared with the previous twelve months. ■ REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER xvti SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 The following is a comparative statement of the homestead entries and sales which have been made at the several agencies of the department during the fiscal years ending March 31, 1907 (nine months), and March 31, 1908 (twelve months), respectively: — Fiscal Year ending March 31. 1907. (Nine months). Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. (Twelve months). No. of Entries. 21,6-18 Acres. No. ..f Entries. Acres. 3,463,520 56,430 30,424 4,867,840 179,894 The following statement shows the number of homestead entries reported in each year since 1874: — Departmental year ended. Number of Entries. October 31, 1874 '. 1,376 " 31, 1875 499 31, 1870 347 31, 1877 845 31, 1878 1,788 31, 1879 4,068 31,1880 2,074 " 31, 1881 2,753 " 31, 1882 7,4S3 31, 1883 6,063 31, 1884 3,753 " 31, 1885 1,858 " 31, 1886 2,657 31, 1887/ 2,036 31, 1888 2,655 " 31, 1889 4,416 31, 1890 2,955 " 31, 1891 3,523 31, 1892 4,840 31, 1893 4,067 31, 1894 3,209 December 31, 1895 2,394 " 31, 1896 1,857 •' 31, 1897 2,384 " 31, 1898 4,848 31, 1899 6,689 •June 30, 1900 7,426 " 30, 1901 8,167 " 30, 1902 14,673 " 30, 1903 31,383 XVlli DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 June 30, 1904 26,073 " 30, 1905 30,819 " 30, 1906 41,869 Nine month* ended March 31, 1907 21,647 Twelve months ended March 31, 1907 37,788 Year ended March 31, 1908 30,424 Statement showing the number of Homestead Entries made during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1908, and the Nationality of the Homesteaders, as reported by the several Agencies of the Department in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia. Nationalities. Xo. of Entries. Canadians from Ontario 3,696 " " Quebec 494 " Nova Scotia 197 " " New Brunswick 120 " Prince Edward Island 74 " " Manitoba 1,043 " Saskatchewan 1,152 " " Alberta 532 " " British Columbia 109 Persons who had previous entry 2,949 Newfoundlanders 7 Canadians returned from the United States 510 Americans 7,818 English 4,S40 Scotch 1,026 Irish 339 French 306 Belgians 128 Swiss 30 Italians 29 Roumanians 58 Syrians 11 Germans 574 Austro-Hungarians 2,472 Hollanders 59 Danes (other than Icelanders) 84 Icelanders 106 Swedes 437 Norwegians 433 Russians (other than Mennonites and Doukhobors) 722 Mennonites 5 Doukhobors 36 Chinese 2 Japanese 3 REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Persians 9 Australians S New Zealanders Bermudians 3 Servians - 1 Portuguese 1 Hindoos 1 Total 30,424 Representing 73,078 souls. Statement showing the number of Homestead Entries made during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1908, by persons coming from the various States and Territories of the American Union. States. No. of Entries. Arizona 4 Alabama 3 Alaska 2 Arkansas. 21 California 06 Carolina, North 6 Carolina, South 2 Colorado 30 Columbia, District of Connecticut 8 Dakota, North 2,795 Dakota, South 445 Delaware 4 Florida Georgia 2 Idaho 96 Illinois 296 Indiana 79 Indian Territory 6 Iowa 460 Kansas 115 Kentucky 8 Louisiana 2 Maine 13 Maryland 3 Massachusetts 82 Michigan 391 Minnesota 1,543 Mississippi Missouri : 119 Montana 199 xx DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Nebraska 173 Nevada 2 New Hampshire 10 New Jersey 9 New Mexico 1 New York 137 Ohio 98 Oklahoma 13S Oregon 91 Pennsylvania 75 Ehode Island G Tennessee S Texas 22 Utah 28 Vermont 11 Virginia 5 Virginia, West 14 Wisconsin 3G4 Wyoming 18 Washington 315 Total 8,328 Statement showing the number of Letters Patent issued by the Department of the Interior in each year since 1874. Period. Number Issued. Tear ended October 31, 1874 536 31, 1875 492 31, 1876 375 " 31, 1877 2,156 " 31, 1878 2,597 31, 1879 2,194 31, 1880 1,704 " 31, 1881 1,768 31, 1882 2,766 31, 1883 3,591 31, 1884 3,837 31, 1885 3,257 31, 1886 4,570 31, 1887 4,599 " 31, 1888 3,275 31, 1S89 3,282 31, 1890 3,273 31, 1891 2,449 31, 1892 -. 2,955 " 31, 1893 2,936 31, 1894 2,553 REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MIXISTER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Tear ended December 31, 1S94 2 689 31, 1895 2118 31, 1896 ; ; ; ; 2;665 " 31, 1S97 2 972 31- 1898 s'>m 31,1899 3;904 Six months ended June 30, 1900 j g-0 Year ended June 30, 1901 g ,i;, 30,1902 '.'.".'.'.'.' .■".'.■ .'.' 8,768 30, 1903 - ,iu 3o,i9w 6;890 30. 1905 S798 30, 1906 1237o Nine months ended March 31, 1907 10 596 Year ended March 31, 1908 18690 xxii DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Statement showing the number of Homestead Entries made during the fiscal year 1907-8, at the several Dominion Land Agencies. Agencies. Battleford Brandon Calgary Dauphin Edmonton Estevan Humboldt Kamloops Lethbridge Moosejaw New Westminster. Prince Albert. . . Regina Red Deer Winnipeg. Yorkton Total. 1907-1908. 4,535 90 1,278 772 4,055 502 2,493 195 2,456 5,181 42 1,622 1,653 1,825 886 2,839 30,424 CORRESPONDENCE The following statement shows the number of letters received and sent by the department in each year since its establishment: — Departmental Year ended October 31. Letters Received. Letters Sent. Total. 1871 1876 3,482 1,974 2,255 3.137 4,642 5,586 8,222 13,605 25,500 27,180 27,525 33,970 611,964 47,846 43,407 48,316 36,200 38,000 41,990 50,794 48,619 49,991 47,501 65,714 88,913 95,023 121,219 144,978 167,200 185,582 222,316 245,470 407,794 372,231 543,647 4,120 2,1x9 3,0'. I? 3,677 6,009 6,179 9.910 15,829 30,31)0 33.500 33,386 43,997 67,973 60,890 52,298 50,500 36,008 36,267 42,203 48,145 50,840 45,898 44,238 64,147 87,845 91,876 133,177 136,348 185,548 223,463 274,675 302.723 529,465 620,968 1,106,772 7,632 4,163 5,353 1878 6,814 10,651 11,755 18.162 29,434 55,800 1884 60,680 60,911 1885 77.967 1886 128,937 108,735 95,705 1895 98,816 72,208 74,267 84,193 98,939 99,459 95,889 91,739 129,861 176,758 1S6.899 254,396 1901 281,326 1902 . 352,748 1903 (From June 30, 1902, to July 1, 1903) 409,045 1904 (Prom June 30 1S!03 to Julv 1, 1904) 496,991 1905 (From June 30 1904, to July 1, 1905)... 548,193 1906 (From June 30, 1905, to July 1, 1906) 1907 (From June 30, 1906, to April 1, 1907) 1908 (From March 31, 1907, to April 1, 1908) 937,259 993,199 1,650,419 REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER xxiii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 The number of registered letters during the departmental year ending March 31, 190S, was: received, 11,097; sent, 36,770. HOMESTEAD ENTRIES. As will be seen from these returns, there were in all 30,424 homestead entries made during the twelve months ending March 31 last. This is a falling off of 7,364 as compared with the corresponding previous year. However, it is still surprisingly large when one considers that for the previous five years 147,922 entries were granted, or an annual average of 29,584. The acreage of the land taken as free homesteads during the past year was 4,867,840 acres, and for the past six years 28,535,360 acres. At the present rate of settlement, vast as are the grain areas of the western provinces at present opened to entry, the time must soon come when it will be necessary to direct the incoming settler to the northern parts of Alberta and Saskatchewan, where it will probably be found that the agricultural possibilities arc in no way inferior to those of the regions more to the south. It is interesting to note that of the 30,424 entries granted last year, 7,417 were made by Canadians, 7,818 by Americans, 6,205 by English, Scotch and Irish, and 510 by Canadians returned from the United States, or 21,950 in all, representing a popula- tion of over 52,000 souls, and leaving 8,534 entries made by other nationalities repre- senting a population of about 21,000 souls. DEPARTMENT OF TUE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Statement of Land Sales by Railway Companies having: Government Year. Hudson's Bay ( lOMPANY. Canadian Pacific Railway Company. Manitoba Km tii 1,11 Aitiu.k, Lom; Lakk western Colo- and Saskatchewan nization Railway Railroad and Steam Company. boai Company. I \rir-. Amount. Acres. Amount. Acres, Amount. Acres. Amount. L893. x 93,184 43,155 55,453 66,624 135,681 L'I2,1H.> 261,832 379,091 339,985 1,362,478 2,260,722 857.474 411,451 1,012,322 851,083 81,060 295,288 131,628 176. '.150 220,360 431,095 757,792 814,857 1,152,836 1,040,665 4,440,500 S. 172.25(1 3,516,864 2,045,800 6,015,000 4,817.632 727,367 35,062,944 14,164 6,312 5,623 21,254 63,800 106,473 58,019 133,507 59,749 206. Ill 250,372 2! 1.522 80,342 83,418 3,051 31,982 1.15.S,99!i s 57,559 28,003 22,330 88.56S 234,644 363,982 199,458 437,449 214,953 713,365 699,210 113,303 296,936 360,889 22,645 153,007 s 1,603 1S94 7,526 4.4X1 9,299 10,784 62,000 56,875 70,196 82,308 269,577 330,046 144.S57 139,721 236,191 69,158 21,184 48,220 23,209 52,410 53,277 310,000 274,625 352,631 399,804 1,412,332 1.939,804 879,910 865,905 1,863,375 742,221 267,215 640 2,391 286 2,524 22,534 01,030 18,932 22,266 39,835 843,900 L895 1896 1 s' 1 7 1898 L899 (Fiscal Year) 1900.. 178,517 53,974 (Fiscal Year) 1901... . 74,810 ( Fiscal Year) 1902 (Fiscal Year) 1903 (Fiscal Year) 1901 147,365 1,476,900 (Fiscal Year) 1905 1 Fiscal Year) 1906 (9 months to March 31, 1907), (Fiscal Year) 1 ill IS , 1,353 16,789 5,621 68,869 Totals ... 1,514,153 9,484,943 8,453,730 4.006,301 1,022,915 2,017,224 REPORT OF TEE DEPUTY MINISTER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Land Grants and by the Hudson's Bay Company. XXV cal3ary anp canadian Edmonton Railway: Northern Railway Company. Company. Great Northwest Central Railway Company. Totals. Average Per Acre. Acres. Amount. Acres. Amount. Acres. Amount. Acres. Amount. 11,260 11,035 46 815 8 S s 120,211 6S.668 114,713 108,016 222,225 448,623 462,494 648,379 '621,027 2,201,795 4,229,011 1,267,187 990,005 1,642,6S4 1,277,759 341,072 s 352,847 2117.856 222,489 301,338 719,016 1,431,774 1,520,792 2,125,146 2,088,269 7.746,958 14,651,757 5,564,240 5,046,572 9,871,241 7,697,930 2,985,992 S cts. 2 93 3 02 1 94 10,553 9,436 15,481 24,73S 3 23 3 18 53,335 128,256 352,037 1,033,390 909,600 563,507 512,898 480,063 346,061 75,644 3 28 46,653 116,719 323,494 231,800 129,007 100,191 85,784 59,515 8,606 3 27 3 36 3 56 183,736 64,469 231,707 204,966 289,576 196,946 631,503 313,575 1,221,469 1,014,351 1,711,109 1,716,504 128,435 41.S58 17,593 20,003 4,023 1,294 522,490 177,081 103,564 137,503 41,470 13,855 3 46 4 39 5 09 6 01 6 02 8 78 1,240,087 4,454,800 1,171,400 6,638,511 213,206 995,963 14,763,869 02,594,217 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 SALES. There has been a large decrease in the acreage of land disposed of by sale during the year by the Hudson's Bay Company, and railway companies holding government land grants. The total area of land sold during the fifteen years ending March 31 last has been 14,769,490 acres, and the gross amount derived therefrom was $62,663,086, or an average of $4.24 per acre. In 1893, when the acreage disposed of was nearly the same as during the past year, the average price per acre was $2.93, whereas the average per acre for the latter period rose to $8.78, or an increase of $5.85. In 1893 only a comparatively small proportion of these companies' lands had passed into private hands, so that those desirous of acquiring lands from the companies at that time were favoured with the opportunity of selecting the choicest sections available in near proximity to the lines of railway. Xotwithstanding this fact, there was then such a depreciation in the value of real estate that the average price which these lands commanded was but $2.93, whereas during the past year, with nearly one-half of the entire land grants disposed of, the average price was $8.75, or over three times as large as in 1893. It should be further considered that the large reduction in the total acreage disposed of, as compared with the previous year, is an indication that the high advance in the price per acre was not the result of an increased demand and the consequent abnormal inflation of this class of property, but that land value in the western pro- vinces is on a sound and permanent basis, and is regulated by the prosperous condition of the country. IMMIGRATION. Comparative statement of arrivals at inland and ocean ports during the twelve years ending March 31, 1908. ARRIVALS. Year. Great Britain and Ireland. Other Countries. United States. Total. 1896-7 11,383 11,173 10,660 * 5.141 11,810 17,259 41,792 50,374 6.-., 359 86,796 55,791 120,182 7,921 11,608 21,938 * 10,21 1 19.352 23.732 37.099 34,785 37,255 44,349 34,217 83,975 2,412 9,119 11,945 * 8,543 17,987 26,388 49,473 45,171 43,652 57,919 34,659 58,312 21.716 1S97-8 . 31,900 1899-1900 1900-1 44,543 23,895 49,149 67,379 1902 3 128,364 1903-4 130.330 1904 5 1906-7 (nine months ending March 31) 1907-8 146.266 189,064 124.667 262,469 487,720 366,442 365.580 1,219,742 * Arrival's for six months only. The report of the Superintendent of Immigration will be found under Part II. of the general report. REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER xxvii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 There arrived in the country during the twelve months ending March 31 last, 262,469 immigrants, which is an increase of 39,767 over the preceding year. It is the largest immigration in any one year in the history of Canada. During the decade ending 1907-8 the total number of arrivals was 1,166,126, of which 819,213 came from Great Britain, Ireland and the United States, and the remainder, or 356,913, from other countries. This tremendous movement of people is more than one-sixth of the total population of Canada, according to the census of 1901. And if the present population of the country be estimated at 7,000,000, the immigration during the past twelve months represents over one-twenty-sixth of such population. Never in the history of the United States, where during the past century there was witnessed the mightiest immigration ever recorded in the annals of the world, even when the movement reached its highest tide, did there come in from outside, during any given space of time, such a large immigration as flowed into Canada since the advent of the new century, proportionately to its population. During the decade ending lt>30 there arrived into the United States 143,439 immigrants, and this represented one-seventy-eighth of the average population of the country in 1820, when it was 9,638,453, and in 1880, sixty years afterwards, when the population was 50,155,783, there arrived 457.257 immigrants, which repre- sented one-one hundred and ninth of the total population, and even in 1907, when the immigration in the neighbouring republic had passed the million mark, each new-comer on arrival was thrown into a group of at least one hundred old occupants of the soil with which he has become merged, and thus the absorption of this large influx of new comers has been going on quietly. An eminent American economist has said, after reviewing the movement of immigration to the United States during the nineteenth century : — ' No probability can bo discerned that any later century will see the equal of this migration. The fairest parts of the world that were wildernesses in 1800 now teem with industry and population. There are no more virgin lands in abundance to occupy in this country; no more such enticements to draw millions from the homes of their fathers.' Judging from the unprecedented influx of population to Canada during the past eight years, and the consequent increase in agricultural products and railroad mileage, there would appear to be a strong probability discernible that the twentieth century will see a migration to Canada equal to that witnessed in the United States during the last half of the century just closed. There still remain vast areas of the fairest parts of the world in the northern half of the American continent that were wildernesses in 1900 but which will teem with industry and population before the milestone marking the half of the present century has been passed, and it is these virgin lands that are to-day drawing from the homes of their fathers the hundreds of thousands of settlers who are arriving in Canada. The same conditions which induced the movement of population to the United States in the decade 1831 to 1840, namely the construction of railroad works and the opening up of new territory for settlement, where land could be secured cheaply, while 25— ci XXVU1 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 a market would be open for the produce raised, are presenting themselves to-day in connection with the opening up of the wheat fields of the western provinces and the consequent development of industrial and commercial activity. The statistics furnished by the Superintendent of Immigration indicate clearly that the vast majority of arrivals are agriculturists or workers who have found it to their advantage to move to Canada in view of the large demand for labour. Within the last six years the total immigration to Canada has been 1,097,6S9. All these immigrants were carefully inspected at the ports of landing, and, as a result of this inspection, 3,294 were refused admission. The remainder were allowed to enter and they have dispersed throughout the various parts of Canada, have become self-supporting, and are now adding to the common wealth. There come, it is true, a few complaints from isolated quarters as to the inability of new-comers to provide for themselves, but such cases, compared with the hundreds of thousands of contented and successful immigrants, are so limited that on the whole, viewed from a selfish national point of view, our immigration has been of a superior class, and it is sincerely to be hoped that for a long time yet the same predominating elements may continue to be added to our nationality. BRITISH IMMIGRATION. From the above schedule it will be seen that during the past twelve years there arrived in Canada from the British Isles 487,720 immigrants, whose nationalities were declared to be English, Scotch, Irish and Welsh. Of these, 376,502 came during the past five years, 262,769 during the past three years, and 120,182 during the past twelve months. As compared with the total British arrivals in the twelve years, more than three-quarters came in within the last five years, considerably more than one- half within the last three years, and one-quarter during the twelve months ending April 1, 1908. It will thus be seen that in so far as the quantity of this particular class of immigration is concerned, it has now assumed sufficiently large proportions to satisfy the widely expressed desire on the part of Canadians throughout the old and new provinces that for obvious reasons we should receive a fair share of British subjects emigrating from the old land. Complaint was made, however, early last year that sufficient care was not exercised by the department in eliminating from prospective British emigrants such of them as were not possessed of the necessary means to enable them to become self-supporting on arrival here. This matter engaged your serious attention during your visit to England last year, and I have no doubt that the changes which were subsequently made in the regulations governing the inspection of immigrants at the ports of sailing will have the desired effect in this regard. I desire to add, however, that in my opinion there were scarcely any grounds for the uneasiness manifested as to the large proportion of undesirables who found their way to Canada from the British Isles. It is true that some, otherwise deserving immigrants who had not on entering Canada the necessary means to permit them to at once become self-supporting, may have been induced to come through the injudicious zeal of philan- thropic societies engaged in this class of work. But of this class there were only few as compared with iho hundreds of thousands of British immigrants who have been added to our population. When ten years ago there arrived from England ten or twelve thousand immigrants, there may have been a comparatively larger number REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER xxix SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 of undesirables than to-day, but it was not felt, owing- to the limited number of tho total arrivals. According to the report of the chief medical inspector, Dr. Bryce, which will be found under Part II. of the general report, after a rigid inspection at the ports of landing, 1,002 immigrants were refused entry, out of which 112 were British, or about one-ninth of the total exclusions, although British arrivals last year were nearly one-half of the total immigration. This proportion is a highly satisfactory one, and, on the whole, when one considers the strenuous efforts that are being put forth by other colonies to attract British settlers to their shores, from a national point of view it must be admitted that Canada has been singularly fortunate in this respect. Our immense undeveloped resources certainly justify such a policy of selection and exclusion as will ensure the entry into Canada of the choicest immigration possible, but there is little doubt that Australia, South Africa, and other British colonies, which also have immense undeveloped resources, would gladly bear with the momentary inconvenience caused by the incoming, within less than half a decade, of 376,502 settlers from the mother country, even if out of that number they had to deport, at the expense of the transportation companies bringing them in, one thousand of undesirables on account of disease or other causes. CONTINENTAL IM MIGRATION. The total arrivals during the year from European and other foreign countries amounted to 83,975, which' was an increase of 24,502 as compared with the previous twelve months. It is satisfactory to note from the report of the Commissioner of Immigration at Winnipeg that the vast majority of continental immigrants who proceeded direct to the western provinces were of a desirable class, and that they have either engaged at once in farm work or secured employment on railway construction. It will be observed also that there has been a large increase in the number of Austro-Hungarian arrivals. This particular current of immigration, which from its inception found its way to the western wheat fields, has been gradually and steadily increasing during the past decade. Concurrently with the increase in the total arrivals do we find a corresponding increase in the number of free homesteads taken up by them during each successive year. It is worthy of notice that of the 5,510 entries made by foreigners last year, exclusive of Americans, 2,472 were recorded by Austro- Hungarians. Of these people, the Commissioner of Immigration speaks as follows : — ■ 'The largest number of Ruthenians and Poles came from the Austrian provinces and a few from Bohemia and Russia. Most of the people from Austria were farmers and went immediately to homesteads. The majority of the others went to railway con- struction work. Quite a number came from the United States, nearly all of whom entered homesteads.' FRENCH AND BELGIAN IMMIGRATION. There has again been an increase in the number of arrivals from France during the past year. In fact, it has been the largest immigration from that country since 1897, when reliable statistics were first obtained by the department in this relation. During that year the combined French and Belgian immigration only totalled 740 arrivals, whereas during the past twelve months it was 3,885, or more than five times as large as in 1897. xxx DEPARTUEST OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Comparative Statement of Immigrant Arrivals from France and Belgium during the twelve years ending March 31, 1908. Year. France and Belgium. 1897 740 1898 545 1899 413 1900 483 1901 492 1902 645 1903 1,240 1904 (1,534)— 2,392— ( 858) 1905 (1,743)— 2,539— ( 796) 1906 (1,648)— 2,754— (1,106) 1907 (9 months) (1,314)— 1,964— ( 650) 190S (to March 31) (2,671)-3,SS5— ( .1,214) Total French and Belgian immigration from 1897 to 1902 (six years), 3,318. Total French and Belgian immigration from 1903 to 1908 (five years and nine months), 14.774. Special attention is called to the report submitted by Mr. Paul Winllard, the agent of the Canadian government in France, and also the report of Mr. D. Treau de Cceli, the Canadian agent at Antwerp, Belgium. Mr. Arthur Geoffrion, advocate, of Montreal, was added to the staff of the Paris office early last spring, as it was felt that Mr. Wiallard could not, consistently with the proper administration of the work of his office, devote the time necessary for visiting the rural districts and disseminating among the peasants and sons of agriculturists reliable information with regard to Canada. Mr. Geoffrion is well fitted for this special class of work, and will be able to render good service. There is little doubt that the substantial increase within the past few years in the number of arrivals from France has been due directly to the efforts put forth by the department to attract this very desirable class of settlers to Canada. Attention is also called specially to Mr. De Cceli's report. This officer has been carrying on in Belgium a most effective propaganda. His achievement in inducing 2,380 schools in Belgium to introduce in their curriculum the study of the geography of Canada certainly speaks very highly for the effectiveness of his work. No better means could possibly be devised to convey to the minds of the growing population of Belgium reliable information as to the advantages offered by Canada as a suitable field for settlement and the investment of capital. IMMIGRATION FROM THE UNITED STATES. By far the most satisfactory feature of the immigration of 1907-S has been the unprecedented number of arrivals from the neighbouring republic. Mr. W. J. White, inspector of agencies in the United States, in submitting his annual report, makes the following very significant remarks: — REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER xxxi SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 'The most pleasing feature of the work has been the splendid character and quality of the immigrants. The money and effects brought in by these 58,312 people was in the neighbourhood of the total value of $52,000,000, or nearly $1,000 per head. This has been added to the money wealth of Canada in one year. In addition to its money wealth there is the physical wealth which these people bring. Forty-eight thousand of those arriving took up homesteads; most of the balance purchased land and went into farming, a life that 90 per cent of them had been following in their old homes.' These figures of course refer to the total membership of the families comprised in the 8,000 odd homestead entries made by settlers from the United States. JUVENILE IMMIGRATION. The report of Mr. G. Bogue Smart, chief inspector of British immigrant children and receiving homes, which will be found under Part II. of the general report, contains much valuable information upon this interesting subject. It is estimated that since this class of emigration was inaugurated in 1869, or forty years ago, 60,000 British children have been sent to Canada. The work, which is a purely philanthropic one, is conducted under the immediate supervision of the Home and Dominion governments. It is gratifying to note that, under the existing regulations, the emigration of each child is subject to such careful inspection, both at the ports of sailing and of landing, that we are receiving only the most carefully selected wards of the state homes in the old country. It is significant, as pointed out by Mr. Smart, that, although during the past seven years and nine months there arrived in the country 16,610 of these immigrant children, two of these only were formally charged with offences in our courts during the past year. This percentage compares very favourably with any of the other classes of our population. The work of general supervision and inspection would appear to be carried on in the most satisfactory manner. SURVEYS. The work of the year consists of 6,123,040 acres of new subdivision, 1,372,160 acres of resurveys, 377 miles of base lines and initial meridians, and of other surveys of a miscellaneous character. Sixty-three parties were employed on the survey of Dominion lands. Of these, eleven were located in Manitoba, fourteen in Saskatchewan, twenty-five in Alberta, six in British Columbia, one in the Northwest Territory, one on the boundary between British Columbia and Yukon Territory and five part of the time in one province and part in another. Five of the parties were engaged part of the time in the examination of the surveys made under contract. xxxii DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 The following table shows the distribution of parties paid by the day and of those working under contract: — B §"S 2 -^ | o a <3 3 i«=H Parties. a d £ .L a -^ Total. <5 c a < -■z > h- 1 O go. a* 6 4 13 6 1 1 2 33 5 it 10 12 3 5 30 1 1 14 25 6 - CM 3 > 30 •H rH t- X ■2 £ o © o © — © : -r *N o^ X © C3 © ■ ■ »C 30 ■V o s X CM ■/: : cc : i-T cf t- ^i" ^ h. *r»n ct. •<■ c i l- x l- ^ x a er. m t f w r: t* x -- in c*- m c ti ~ -r » n v ^« X g HL-OiCf HNrt^-WT)C.X«OCft« © CM PS CG CO CM --i CO •— CO « -r x * x c. h o ?i x o « t- ■* n c © iO 0 ci-.fr i- c :i t x - :i k x kc 3- CO X O CD M- CO «-H CO .-1 CO CM CO — i— CO i-t ?] I-- CO CO ©•^t-tcneoeja^eoNcfl © in co cm cm © © OWl-OlNflNH ©OS i-nx^t ■*JI Ci panssj sq IU2J3J A'tJJJ W ^H T-f « CN t-l 1-H CM CM © CM? ■* CO © f © © CO ^H ■ — © O Ci X> -rr Tp © CO •panssj -r t-- © © co © © r- i- © © o t-- © CO CM CO Oi-i © CM ■ *r © © -f t> -r t X CO so,un aaj aaquijx rt« i-T i-H* ©" cc i-< © © © © *»• CM X T C H t- X •"*■ *f -'r-.i«NP!Hr; r.f TTXTINr-Cr. X © t- O M1 © CO Ci JOJ s UOt)BDT[cMy w r-Ti-Ti-T i-T i-TcsT — ©" r-i i-T ocoxco-rx x»cMeDTj*eococo©r>-gc ci k n i- c h h i- r. *ri-i r: cm b» f x CM CO •s^iu^ piIB'J 1 l» wcicN-x-r-;*-. co © ©■ © i-t c CM m 'pd^aisjf) i- x x mo h r. - c x f :i :iioc; i fr- in O C-lb-OO-fH-rH © X_^© X X 1 ■«*< CO sduqug pB31S8tUOJJ ^ i-T •* cm r f i *' — " i-T i-T o' 1 ©" CO CO _ > ■ to s a* a U & - CD tc ■•a < ~+Z al '5 __^ c PC E L - : +■ S"o St.S B S 3 B> ■4- 1 < 'E — - s 6 V- be .£■ = ■o « B I a c O s e O o W o < I DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 E OS a: os 11 a J, ^< fc. O 0i U oc *-£ty3 c! g •S c-c1^' o 2 >> S §■§"= ° £ ^ g fc g-S.'S S a . i-t ,-t »"f 09 — — - . — u a - t-^ > 3 * o o <; | 2 c-3 '5 Sco o c*= a. u — a; &!E >-i©C 71 h H 1 « D £ " G _o » = —. CD CD $ 2 2 C & a. '3 S c ^e £ — o o •5 s . £ . ^4 X Jfil Z_ tip .¥5 3 X be |o-l _! «COfO!DHX^OtO ^ n -~i o .-< hncO" >ccocoooooc o oi t- c ^fiiOL-i- 55 = 25 x a COW « CO Ol HC1CCNH?. «T3 *3s joj stioi^'Baiicldv NOOMC. C'fOONMiQWM €© © v c c w t »o o « co moc; ooiSooa«ooooooooo90c © _ iQiQ^QiOHaOQOOOeOiaQHOQOO NCSHQINC&COOOO '-"- — o © w ooocpoo rtHHW ci co co co -w 01 r-> on^ oi co co T co co MWCCOOHOOOOCilO^^NOOOt-CaX'SiS fflWH«OiOOiiO«if.05CC*r2'1,23 5K«Xp; Ninnc Tf t-t-^xob- x^oi os_i-h 'X coc^co phVT ^T CO Of T-Tt-rn'i-r of of i-T joj snovjtfoijddy saoLjoedsuT jo} suoiiisoiiddv CO OJ tO lO N ff, CO « * 'OTN ■"*-* ■cpnot-ioo i— hi- 10} suopi30i[ddv N CO CO t- i— 1-- Ol "f tfi «T CO OJ M 01 © ~- Tf« t- 3: *"- i-H c- *" -r os co ic 01 «-h co .— © os eo *a ont r-, ,_, co — • CM -U9 p-ea^sataoff joj suo 13130 i^Idy x o x ■«*• cr. © © o »-i to t- o »c x 05HH51Hf«CONX X t- © i-t i-l Ifi 01 0-1 IN lH T* - cj 0D00'O C 3: St rT O •3 x s^ £ S ft OQC B QPoSa^ C c8 ^ -a ul •* -^ < -' & s j! . ^a rt * ctj c •■ co I o« > a oj « cc aa < — — a 't1^* CD > 2 ■ — i- £T «!-2j£ « =TJ cs^ 03M »Sffl o 6 ai'fcZ ~ - - cc c5 0 oob*!- CD.i =^3 c -" O- - *" ^ L^ -^ pqmWpPMOOOOOOOOQQQOfiSWHSinftcBcSWQ S >,CD = -i 5 > =a o 'j: = x DOMINION LANDS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 i--"31 Z ■**"• - 5 ai -/ ho 93 CM i-< l^ *0 co _ — .■a i — O - H fe 35 CO >>os 08 — >. - T1 ►-5 ■L — 5 u a 1 : FF, - r - .11 SOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO f ?1 O ^ H ?- « 'J C C - « K t IM H f X r- X 1.* J. CI t- f H OO I- W 'CCCCJOSX i-i HHWMO H«0 iHHNrt 1-1 CM 1-< CM i-< i-H -(MOO T-i I— ' 1 CM OS lO 00 MO OiO«t-: O CM -r -r c CM CO CO i-H r O W » H 1" N c t- c :i n 'J X OS CM (N i-tiO CM : b-—< CMOD ■ 1 CM t- CM CO C rH CM CM u Hc-.at *o 1— CM CO • a l-COOSCMOOCOStOi— 30 ■ co co o co os 10 »ococo oit-HOtOH«NL-o; ■ at^^rM x ci CO CO CM CO CM i-oocoa-f ■^NcoooiX'CiNff.ft-xsof tr. s. ■ ci 1- -r ci ci .- -r 1-1 r- :r 1- — ■ c: c CO CM OS i-H CO tO CO l- t- i-h -*■ -f i~ CM CO -P O CO CO i-H -* CM CO i-t I- CM CM CI CM I- 00 O CD CM CO CO -^ i-d-"X>COr-iCMCMCOeOCO -*• CO CM CM CM i-H f-i <-• ■"*• Cl^f ^ - .com -«*- co >=2 be*" ■£.* - ■? ~- CD _- oj n o -* : r. r - c^t: - X i" •"J -■ ^*3.2^- 'JO a ^> ^ a !H2 . es a = 0^- Sir. eajOoJ - _- - Iia' 8\a — — ■? g a ^ & ; - • s o^-a J5oj •■= a & . E * S w u c N o - w fc> < op K ~^ DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 o OS a ID s S a, V ->* « r- II ■8 8 r* bo s p. .55iO©'*reM»-iCC©Tr0'rJ© X TNCWf hnPSOO '"1^ ""i » « ~ • ^u-'co'NCO'Tj^^"cO*Tt"C^»-0~C* cm r-i •— M^OlOHXfflOHlftNCjaXNN © OOOeo Q0Q0Q r^ rHOOOQ ifS © © © l- -MC^WCOtOCOCOCOCOCOiM MhNiH iC •* -f © i-i CO t- © X i" lO t- 0-1 Ol *0 CM © CM CM C-l © i— < CM © M CC ~. ».0 <-H -T ^f *t CO 00 « co 55 in f •?" «n co 10 i-h cm cm i-t a* M S3 C5K a .2, b-o > ■■- 0) fe » S ^- rt = - E giPa; ^3 ftS-^2 g,§£ w £ CO > .a SC - ft s £ ■< to S bo SO c to - .Cos2 - - - « Tf- ~ s£c--^PhCcc £xn - ft S ft- «.= ^ .SJ3-SS .H SSS2S. ^^MJt — k- — ~-"=k0i5i.=S - — ^ - c _ £ B*i -C of CD >i C « C x, Its n "ft'i"?-?-! *■ = g »S s (S S ci-r ^ i oi s « ftJ S r - ?K13 Si_. c - B » 5 5 5 o = o--- » o c « «--j;J;mh--h-mw <(asaa«aioooacfihc3Cli:oi^t: ce ® < £■§ ® 5 ° a & ^ o w 10 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR i 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 No. 3. REPORT OF THE AGENT AT BATTLEFORD. Department of the Interior, Dominion Lands Office, Battleford, Saskatchewan, April 4, 190S. The Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report of this office for the year ending March 31, 1908. Last summer, preceded by the severe and long winter of 1906-7, was unfavourable for farming operations, and consequently the crops failed to properly ripen in several parts of the district. This caused a scarcity of seed of sufficiently good quality, but it was again remedied by the timely action of the government in the matter. The past winter has been unusually mild, with very little snow up to March 1, so that the settlers were saved from the fuel troubles of the previous winter. The road bed for both the Grand Trunk Pacific and Canadian Pacific Railway passing through the southern portion of this district is now ready for the steel, and it is expected that regular railway service will be inaugurated on these two lines before the snow flies. The spring rush of settlers has already commenced, and judging from this, as well as from inquiries received, there is all the appearance of a very heavy immigration during the coming season. Following is a statement of the work performed during the past year : — Homestead entries granted 4,543 Homestead entries cancelled 2,381 Land scrips located (acres) 10,840 Timber permits issued 243 Hay permits issued 150 Applications for patent recommended 952 Letters received 46,253 Letters written 31,031 Total revenue $62,634.79 I also enclose a detailed statement showing the revenue on account of coal and minerals collected at this agency. Your obedient servant. L. P. O. NOEL, Agent of Dominion Lands. i DOMINION LANDS 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 No. 4. REPORT OF THE AGENT AT BRANDON. Department of the Interior, Dominion Lands Office, Brandon, Manitoba, April 14, 1908. The Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — In submitting the annual report for the year ending March 31 last, I beg to say that from the present outlook, there is every prospect of a good crop with an increased area under cultivation in this district. The spring has been most favourable and the farmers are busy seeding. Yearly, the farmers learn the advantages of mixed farming and do not now depend upon their wheat as formerly; this has the result of their bringing as much under cultivation as possible and of their having ready money [the year through. The demand to purchase has not been as large as in the past two seasons, owing to the stringency in the money market, which, however, has not been felt here as much as in the eastern provinces and is now gradually passing away and the situation is becoming normal again. Before the season has passed a great deal of xeal estate will have changed hands. Immigration has opened up and people from all parts of the eastern world are coming west to find homes and for the investment of their moneys. The class of people keeps improving and we are now getting settlers who will further the interests of the country. The farmers in this vicinity are making applications for experienced |farm hands, but the supply does not equal the demand, very few applications being received for work. There are no lands left in this agency suitable for homesteading, the vacant ones consisting of a few scattered quarter sections which have been left, being inferior and not worth the taking up. Intending settlers are being sent west. The cancellations grow less, as the homesteaders, who are fortunate enough to secure land within a well settled part, fulfill their duties promptly and obtain their patents. The following is a statement of the work performed for the past twelve months, ending 31st ultimo : — Homestead entries cancelled 88 Applications for patent received 378 Cancellation of entries 70 Letters received 7,474 Letters sent 5,970 Your obedient servant, L. J. CLEMENT, Agent of Dominion Lands. 12 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR i 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 No. 5. EEPOET OF THE AGENT AT CALGAKY. Department of the Interior, Dominion Lands and Crown Timber Office.. Calgary, Alberta, April 25, 1908. Tho Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Ont. Sir. — I have the honour to report on the business transactions of this office during ttie fiscal year ending March 31 last, as follows : — The number of homesteads granted, 1,280, although an increase of 307 over the number granted in the period covering the nine months previous, is still 226 short of the number granted in the corresponding twelve months ending March 31, 1907, but, Itaking into consideration the fact that no new lines of railway have been opened up since that time, this decrease cannot be considered seriously and was to be expected. There appears to be no abatement of the anxiety of incoming settlers to secure homesteads, and their attention is now being directed towards the north-easterly part of the district, in which a large number of homesteads are yet available and through which it is expected the Grand Trunk Pacific and Canadian Northern Railway Com- panies will have branch lines in operation in the next eighteen months or two years. The revenue derived from the disposal of Dominion lands is $37,210.12, which is an increase of $9,294.99 over the amount collected during the period covering the nine months previous. The revenue collected under Timber, Grazing and Irrigation is $17,232.36 and that collected under the heading of Mines is $13,299.91. These returns cannot be compared separately, as the revenue collected under these two headings was shown collectively under the heading of ' Timber and Mines ' last year, but comparing them collectively after adding the amount collected under the heading of ' School Lands' (which was done last year) there appears to be a decrease of $1,861.27 between the total of these returns and the total collected under the head- ing of ' Timber and Mines ' for the nine months previous. This decrease is easily explained and is caused by the difference in the amounts shown as collected from the sales of coal rights which have been discontinued since March 4, 1907. During the year 34,801 letters were received and 29,164 written; also 1,498 appli- cations for patents were recommended. The past winter has been very mild and was a very easy one on farmers and ranchers, as the stock was able to graze nearly all winter and very little feeding was necessary, which will be of material assistance to the settlers in recovering from the losses sustained in the extremely hard winter of 1906 and 1907. Owing to the mildness of the weather no shortage of fuel was experienced, and in any event every possible precaution was taken to avert a famine of fuel such as was experienced during the previous winter. Spring opened very early and seeding is well advanced at this date. Quite a large number have availed themselves of the assistance extended to them by the govern- ment in the matter of seed grain, and satisfaction is being expressed both as to the quality of the seed supplied and also as to the action of the government in furnishing such supply, which was urgently required in some localities owing to the damage done to last year's crop. i DOMINION LANDS 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 This part of the province at least appears to be recovering rapidly from the wave of financial stringency which has been experienced more or less through the whole Dominion, and wholesale houses inform me that business is as good as in the past years and will within the near future be on a sounder basis than ever before; also, I am assured by bank managers that there will be no shortage of funds for legitimate business purposes. I am forwarding by mail of even date under separate cover : — Schedule ' A ' showing revenue on account of timber, grazing and hay on Dom- inion lands. Schedule 'B ' showing operations of saw-mills under government license. Schedule ' C ' showing revenue collected on account of mines and minerals. Schedule ' D ' showing revenue collected on account of school lands. Attached to schedule ' B ' you will find a summary showing the amount of sales of timber manufactured during the year, the royalty thereon and the average price at which sold. Your obedient servant, E. B. MATHESON, Acting Agent of Dominion Lands. 14 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 1 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 No. 6. REPORT OF THE A3ENT AT DAUPHIN. Department of the Interior, Dominion Lands Office, Dauphin, Manitoba, March 31, 1908. The Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the Dauphin lauds district, for the fiscal year ending this day. Conditions during the past year have on the whole been very favourable, though owing to the exceptionally late spring of 1907, which delayed seeding to a very marked extent, some portions of the district were not quite as fortunate as in former years; but even in these parts, the good prices obtained for such grains as could be marketed early compensated for any shortage in yield. Prices have dropped somewhat of late, for all but the high grades, but as most of the grain has already been disposed of this will not materially affect conditions. Owing to the many points and routes open for shipment, I am unable to arrive at an estimate, but would believe it to be largely in excess of any former season. Stock, in both horses and horned cattle, is increasing rapidly, and a very marked improvement is met with, owing to the importation of better sires, and the establish- ment of several creameries has given an incentive to settlers to go further into mixed farming. This will without doubt result in great gain to the country. All varieties of stock have wintered well, and though it was feared at one time that the unfavour- able weather during the haying period would cause a shortage in feed, the prolonged good, open weather during the late fall enabled animals to feed out on the meadows and stubble, for a much longer period than had usually been possible, thus effecting a great saving, with the result that farmers have still plenty of feed for spring work and many have some surplus for disposal. More attention could with advantage still be paid to sheep, pigs and poultry, as im- portations of these have yet to be made to supply local demands; this may, however, be taken up ere long, in fact it is now being looked into by many. The influx of settlers has not been quite as heavy as during the past two years; still, a fair number have reached us, and the homestead entries are in excess of last year. Considerable activity has been noticed in sales of improved farms, and prices are 6teadily on the rise, these sales being chiefly to actu,al farmers from other parts, who preferred buying improved lands to taking wild free grants. Many new villages have sprung up, chiefly along the extensions of line of rail, •which were opened during the past two seasons, and have furnished markets, where grain and produce can be disposed of and supplies secured, at easy distances from most settlements. In fact, the tract between lakes Manitoba and Dauphin is now jabout the only section of the district at all remote from market, and it is expected that ihis will be served in the near future, as it is being rapidly settled. Lumbering operations, so far as the larger mills are concerned, have not been prosecuted with the usual vigour, owing no doubt to the financial stringency and the fact that heavy stocks were carried over from last summer, though the fine weather experienced during the winter was most favourable for this work, just about the i DOMINION LANDS 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 proper quantity of snow having fallen to permit cheap production. Due advantage of this fine weather was taken, however, by the settlers, who secured permits in greater numbers than ever, and which, so far as I can learn, are being largely filled. The more careful supervision of the timber in the reserves has had good effect, but it is feared that closer watch over the operations of the small portable millowners is urgently needed, as these, having no vested rights, can see nothing bait the im- mediate profit to be derived from the cutting and disposing of the timber ,at the present time, and in most instances prosecute their work without any due regard to ^conserving the timber. At the present rate of wasteful cutting, it is feared that unless more stringent measures are adopted and carried out, the timber of any commercial value, for lumber, which has been spared by the fierce fires that several years ago devastated the Riding Mountains Reserve, will in a very short time be gone. The municipal authorities have continued the good work in the way of improving roads, ditching and bridge building, and though perhaps not quite as much money "was spent as in former years, more permanent structures have been erected, steel bridges taking the place of the former wooden ones. Many new school districts have been established, and all are well attended and kept up. The health of the district has been good, no epidemic having visited us, though the various hospitals throughout the country have as usual had plenty of patronage, and have rendered signal service. I attach a summary of the principal items of work carried through the office. Your obedient servant. F. K. HERCHMER, Agent of Dominion Lands* Summary of principal items of work passed through office: — Homestead entries granted 772 Entries where improvements collected 67 Land sales 13 Searches 217 Timber permits issued 1,169 Seizures 31 Hay permits issued 199 Grazing leases 20 Mining locations 14 Letters received 16,427 Letters written 10,315 Applications for patent taken 496 Entries cancelled 2,651 16 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR I 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 No. 7. KEPORT OF THE AGENT AT EDMONTON. Department of the Interior, Dominion Lands and Crown Timber Office, Edmonton, Alberta, April 2, 1908. The Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report of this office for the year ending March 31, 1908. Two outstanding features mark the year just closed which must have had their effect upon the operations of this office, namely, the unfavourable summer of 1907, and the financial stringency which began during that summer and continues to the present time; and yet on examining the actual business done at this office during the year and comparing it with that of former years there appears to be nothing to indi- cate that two such potent and adverse influences have been at work within the district. There might appear to be an exception to this general statement in the falling off in the total revenue of the office for the year, which would appear to be $76,473.35 as against $82,325.72 for the nine months immediately prior to this year. The difference in revenue may be held, however, to be owing almost entirely to a falling off in the larger sales of coal and other lands which is due, in a large measure, if not entirely. to other causes than those mentioned above. Almost every other item in the state- ment of the year's work shows a very decided increase over the same period of the preceding year. The very unfavourable summer of 1907 and the financial stringency which set in during that summer combined to make it a very trying season for the settlers of this district, . and tended to prevent many from homesteading ; but apparently the effect passed away with the season, as the records of the past three months show a very marked increase when compared with the corresponding period of last year. The winter was very mild and in striking contrast with its predecessor, and everything points to an early spring. The last report from this office referred to the marked increase in the value of timber lands, activity in obtaining control of coal lands by companies and individuals, great demand for labour of all kinds, and increase in the price of lumber; while now it might be quite as accurate to say that the scarcity of money has either altogether reversed the condition or checked the tendency. Now there is little doing in coal or ■timber lands, labour of all kinds is more than equal to the demand and prices of lum- ber, brick and other building material have been substantially reduced. The general effect would be to appear to induce the man who is undecided, to get out and engage more seriously in the business of farming, and there is little doubt that it will prove, perhaps within the next year, to be a benefit to the district. Very few cases of desti- tution have been reported and a general feeling of hopefulness prevails among the settlers. The timely assistance rendered by the government in advancing seed grain to such of the settlers as could not afford to buy their seed grain or find it within easy Teach will be gratefully remembered by thousands of settlers, and by preventing the sowing of an inferior quality of seed this action will have done perhaps more for the i DOMINION LANDS 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 benefit of the district than the mere alleviating of the comparatively few cases of pre- cuniary distress. The expressions from the settlers in this connection are those of general satisfaction. There is a continued keen interest in the opening up of the country to the west and north-west of Edmonton, as also in the Peace River country. The lack of trans- portation facilities seems to be the only thing that stands in the way of a very speedy settlement. New surveys and the trend of railway construction are being closely watched. The following comparison will serve to indicate the progress of the district : — Nine months. 1905-6. 1906-7. 1907-8. Entries 4,601 2,766 4,051 Revenue $70,984 81 $82,325 72 $76,473 35 Summary of actual business, 1907-8 : Letters received 37,618 Letters sent 35,969 Applications for patent. . . .■ 1,851 Homestead entries cancelled 1,906 Hay .permits issued 223 Timber permits issued 2,630 Homestead entries granted 4,051 Land scrips located 16 Revenue $76,473 35 Your obedient servant, K. W. MACKENZIE, Agent of Dominion Lands. No. 8. REPORT OF THE AGENT AT ESTEVAN. Department of the Interior, Dominion Lands and Crown Timber Office, Estevan, Saskatchewan, April 7, 1908. The Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report of this office for the year ending March 31, 1908. There has been a decrease in the number of homestead entries granted over last year, owing to the fact of the lands west of range 18, west of the second meridian, which were formerly in this district, being transferred to the Moosejaw agency. Owing to the lateness of last spring and to the early frost, which struck some localities, a portion of the crop was damaged, and many of the settlers have applied for, and re- ceived, seed grain advanced by the government. The past winter has been one of th" mildest on record ; there was little snow, so' that the cattle and horses have been able to run out most of the winter. The farmers have already commenced work on the land, and it is expected that seeding will be general in a few days. There will be con- siderable increase in acreage sown over any previous year. 25— i— 2 18 DEPARTMENT OF THE iyTERIOR 1 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Appended is a statement of work performed during the fiscal year : — Letters received 10,914 Letters written 11,294 Applications for patent 1,208 Entries cancelled 404 Homestead entries 518 Land sales 18 Timber permits 3 Hay permits 222 Grazing rents 21 Mining fees and royalty 16 Coal lands (applications for lease) 11 Total revenue of the office $11,8S9.66 Your obedient servant, E. CLAUD KISBEY, Agent of Dominion Lands. No. 9. REPORT OF THE AGENT AT HUMBOLDT. Department of the Interior, Dominion Lands and Crown Timber Office, Humboldt. Saskatchewan. April 2, 1908. The Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I have the honour to submit for your consideration the annual report of this office for the year ending March 31, 1908. The total receipts for the year amounted to $34,351.08, being made up as follows : Homestead entries, 2,494 $24,740 00 Restoration of entry, 1 10 00 Payments for improvements. 207 6,018 25 Payments on account land sales, 18 2,245 86 Payments on account sundries, 150 232 75 Timber permits, 201 8190 Hay permits, 24 6100 School lands sales, 2 322 75 School lands sundries. 105 616 37 Seed grain collections, 2 22 20 $34,351 08 Number of letters received :ii',173 letters written. . 32,022 applications for patent recommended 1,256 homestead entries granted 2,494 homestead entries cancelled 1,482 As this office- was only opened on November 1, 1906, I am unable to give a com- parative statement, showing bow the year just ended compares with the previous year. j DOMINION LANDS 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 I might say, however, that the five months from November 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908, show an increase in revenue, and a large increase in the amount of work over the corresponding five months of the year ending March 31, 1907. Taking into consideration the fact that the year just ended includes a period of more or less world-wide depression in almost all lines of manufacture and com- merce, we in Canada, and perhaps more especially those of us who are privileged to live in this western portion of our Dominion, have a right to feel, and do feel justly proud of the way our country has weathered the storm. Immigration shows no sign of decrease, in fact from correspondence on file in this office, I am led to believe that the number of new settlers who intend settling in this district during the coming spring and summer will be greatly in excess of that of the past year. This, I believe, is also true of the west in general. The financial assistance rendered by the federal government to assure the prompt moving of the western grain crop has had the desired result and has been greatly beneficial to western farmers and to the country at large. The prompt action of the federal government in taking steps to provide an ade- quate supply of seed grain for all settlers who were in need of same has been greatly appreciated. Above two thousand applications have been received and accepted in this district alone. The general work of this office and of the seven sub-agencies tributary thereto is in a satisfactory condition. Extra assistance is required at this office, and will, I trust, be received shortly. I am pleased to be able to state that the outlook for the coming season is bright, and with favourable weather conditions we may look forward to a year of renewed activity and prosperity. Your obedient servant, GEO. L. DEMPSTEK, Agent of Dominion Lands. No. 10. REPORT OF THE AGENT AT KAMLOOPS. Department of the Interior, Dominion Lands Office, K amloops, B.C., April 3, 1908. The Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for this office for the year ending March 31, 1908. As predicted in last year's report, the harvest of 1907 was a good one. All crops were above the average and, with the exception of hay, were well harvested. Rain destroyed much of the hay, but the abundant yield more than made up for the loss. Stock of all kinds went into winter quarters in good condition and the winter season being favourable, have come through in good shape. I have not heard of any losses. Prices on the whole were high; the only complaint was from stockmen on account of the low price of beef cattle and also the slow market, some of the stock- men having to hold their stock for weeks after the date appointed for delivery. This is explained by the action of the banks refusing the usual bank accommodation to the cattle buyers. This district did not participate in the land boom to any great extent, neither did it suffer as some districts have from the money stringency. 25 — i — 2i 20 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR i 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 The work in the office shows a healthy increase in all branches. Homestead entries have greatly increased. The revenue from land sales shows a large increase and that in face of the fact that the land has been withdrawn from sale. The increase is solely from collections on old sales. This of itself shows the healthy financial state of the community. The revemie from grazing leases has also increased in a marked degree. The attention of the outside world has been directed to the possibilities of culti- vation by irrigation in the dry belt, with the consequence that a large amount of private property has changed hands with that end in view. If a success, it will mean the bringing of a large unproductive area under intensified farming and make what is now almost a barren waste the happy homes of hundreds of families. With the same end in view, the department has sold a large block of land under strict conditions as to irrigation. This, in my opinion, is the only way that the drv belt can be made productive, unless the government undertakes the building of reser- voirs, dams and ditches. The undertakings are too expensive for the individual farmer. The laws governing the disposal and distribution of water for irrigation have been under consideration by the provincial government, and a valuable report has been made by experts. Many hoped that some of the disabilities under which they are now suffering would be removed at the last session of the legislature, but the House pro- rogued without any measure having been introduced. The following is a summary of work done during the year: — Homestead entries granted 196 Homestead entries cancelled 28 Applications for patent received 114 Letters received 4,042 Letters sent 3,605 Revenue collected $23,078.40 Your obedient servant, A. B. CURRIE, Agent of Dominion Lands. No. 11. REPORT OF THE AGENT AT LETHBRIDGE. Department of the Interior, Dominion Lands and Crown Timber Office, Lethbridge, Alberta, April 7, 1908. The Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I have the honour to submit for your consideration the annual report of this office for the year ending March 31, 1908. I have much pleasure in stating that the prosperity of southern Alberta is con- tinuing and settlers from all parts of the United States, as well as eastern Canada are daily arriving, which tends to show the faith they have in its future possibilities. In consequence of the heavy crops harvested throughout this district during the past season, the immigration has every prospect of being larger than in any previous year. Settlement is reaching out in every direction and in order to be able to provide suitable locations for incoming settlers it will be necessary to have surveys of this district proceeded with. i DOMINION LANDS 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 " Large tracts of land are being purchased from railway corporations and others, by settlers whose intentions are to settle on this land in the near future. The homestead entries for the Lethbridge agency are considerably larger this year than in other years. The work has increased materially in every branch and has been disposed of satisfactorily, although additional office accommodation and assistance are very necessary. The entries of homesteaders who are not performing the required duties are being cancelled, although the entries cancelled this year are not as numerous as in previous years, as the homesteaders are making every effort to comply with the regulations. In eases where cancellations are effected the lands are rapidly being taken up by people on the ground who desire suitable localities. The revenue of the mines branch as well as the land branch, has increased during the present year to almost double that of any previous year, but as a large amount of the timber business for this district is transacted through the Calgary office, the revenue of this branch is much smaller than it would be were the whole business per- taining to the same transacted here. A large percentage of the grazing rental, as well as moneys paid on account of coal lands, is paid direct to the department and, there- fore, the amounts do not appear in my returns. The sub-agents and homestead inspectors throughout this district have been very busy and deserve credit for the manner in which they have performed their depart- mental duties. The staff has worked faithfully and is deserving of special mention. The following is a partial list of the work performed during the past year: — Letters received 28,208 Letters written 21,926 Homestead entries granted 2,458 Entries cancelled 1,094 General sales 94 Hay permits issued 102 Timber permits issued 496 Timber seizures 6 Applications for patent received 1,061 Grazing rents 213 The total revenue collected for the fiscal year 1907 and 1908 is $107,096.75. Respectfully submitted, J. W. STAFFORD, Agent of Dominion Lands. No. 12. REPORT OF THE AGENT AT MOOSEJAW. Department of the Interior, Dominion Lands and Crown Timber Office, Moosejaw, Saskatchewan, May 7, 1908. The Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Ont. Sir,— I have the honour to submit my report of this office for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1908. This office was opened on March 25, 1907, representing the newly formed Moose- jaw Lands District, which district was previously included in the Regina and Alameda districts. The past year has been a very successful one, in spite of the fact that the office was opened on the eve of a general financial depression, which is happily passing into history. 22 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Although a small percentage of the farmers in this district suffered some loss by hail and frost, the crops generally were very fair, and any loss sustained was well made up by the high prices received. There would, however, have been a great scarcity of good seed grain, had not the department taken prompt action in meeting all the requirements in this respect. This district has a wonderful future before it, containing as it does, practically no waste land. There is a tremendous area of the finest agricultural and ranching agricultural point of view, will be observed from the fact that in the large number of various kinds may be found adjacent to ravines, creeks, lakes and rivers, which add much to the picturesque appearance of the district, as well as to the comfort and con- venience of the settlers. A large portion of this district, lying to the south and south-west of Moosejaw, is not yet surveyed. That this section of the country is very promising from an agricultural point of view, will be observed from the fact that of the large number of townships which were surveyed and opened for homestead entry last season, very few of these homesteads are now available for entry, while squatters are going into resi- dence in adjoining townships, in advance of survey. Other parts of the district are receiving similar attention, and as most of these newly settled districts are many miles from railroads, the settlers are anxiously awaiting the advent of railway communi- cation. The prospects for a good crop this year were never better. The weather is all that could be desired, and the rush of home-seekers, who are of the highest grade, is steadily increasing in number. Appended is a statement of work performed during the fiscal year. Your obedient servant, J. RUTHERFORD, Agent of Dominion Lands. Statement showing the business transacted in the Moosejaw Land office during the year. Patent Branch — Homestead entries. Improvements . . Land sales, cash . . t. scrip . . Sundries ... Timber and Mines Branch- Royalty on sales Timber permits Hay permits Grazing rents Coal lands, royalty Sundries Miscellaneous — School land sundries . . Se. (1 grain collections Total revenue Number. Revenue. 5,189 214 37 7 88 1 670 1% 39 1 1 14 s cts. 51,650 00 s,7n4 53 6,057 69 1,282 29 66 75 2 so 19S 85 528 10 1,227 34 42 90 2 50 521 09 726 67 Totals. 8 cts. 67,761 26 2.H02 49 1,247 76 71,011 :.l Letters received 34,636 Letters written 42, 195 Applications for patent 910 Entries cancelled 2,680 I DOMINION LANDS 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 No. 13. REPORT OF THE AGENT AT NEW WESTMINSTER. Department of the Interior, Dominion Lands Office, New Westminster, B.C., April 16, 1908. The Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — In accordance with instructions and the usual custom, I have the honour to submit a report as to the operations of this office for the year ended March 31, 1908. Although the great bulk of the immediately available agricultural lands are dis- posed of, yet because the remainder are peculiarly situated at the base of the moun- tains, and in narrow irregular valleys along the mountain streams, the number of homestead entries gives only a one-sided idea of the time and labour demanded in the carrying on of the work. About three-fourths of the number of entrants have resided on the lands for months before the formal entries could be granted, but in nine cases out of ten these are the permanent settlers, who make the most progress. As mentioned last year, several of the old farms in favoured localities are being subdivided to meet the demand for small holdings. More attention to dairying is evident throughout the lower Fraser valley; but as a rule, mixed farming is carried on. . Good prices are obtainable at all seasons of the year for farm produce. The market at New Westminster has been very successful in developing trade; and the city of Vancouver is fitting up a market building at a suitable point in that city. The monthly statements show the following details: — Letters received 2,508 Letters sent, besides circulars 2,142 Homestead entries 43 Total receipts $3,379.65 Total contingent expenditure 346.55 Applications for patent recommended 17 Your obedient servant, john Mckenzie, Agent of Dominion Lands. No. 14. REPORT OF THE AGENT AT PRINCE ALBERT. Department of the Interior, Dominion Lands and Crown Timber Office, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, April 11, 1908. The Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1908. The total receipts amount to $53,600.31. The homestead entries number 1,626 as against 1,699 for the previous year, which shows that there is no falling off in the 24 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR I 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 number of settlers coming into this district, and judging from present indications, we will receive quite as large an immigration this year. The year just closed has been the most unfavourable in the history of the country. The severe winter of 1906-7 was followed by a late spring and a cold, wet summer. The crop prospects in August were never better, but the grain did not fill properly, and in many parts of the west, owing to the rank growth and delay in ripening, the wheat crop was very seriously damaged by frost; the Prince Albert district, however, harvested a good crop of oats and a fair crop of wheat, the latter grading about 20 per cent two Northern, 30 per cent three Northern, and 50 per cent four to six Northern, with very little bad enough to grade feed. Following the partial crop failure came the consequent reaction after years of unbroken prosperity and over-expansion, giving the country a most severe test, and I am pleased to be able to report that we have come through without serious setback, which speaks volumes for the natural resources of this great country. All indications now point toward a good season, and the farmers have more land ready for crop than ever before; the crop should be in in good time, and the soil is in excellent condition. The Prince Albert district is essentially a mixed farming country and the light wheat crop does not seriously affect the condition of the farmer. The banking institu- tions and implement men inform me that collections are good, and that there is no- serious falling off in business. Your obedient servant, R. S. COOK, Agent of Dominion Lands. Statement of work at the Prince Albert office for the twelve months ending March 31, 1908. Nos. Revenue. Homesteads 1,626 $16,000 00 Improvements 178 5,120 87 Land sales 29 2,066 53 Land sales, scrip 4 1,039 58 Sundries 50 14 10 Seed grain 19 379 13 School lands, sundries 130 616 36 Crown Timber. Ground rent 28 5,928 50 Royalty on sales 32 16,251 93 Timber permits 1,075 5,494 55 Timber seizures 33 445 81 Hay permits 70 209 75 Grazing rents, Dominion lands 1 3 20 Mining fees 3 15 00 Coal land fees 3 15 00 $53,600 31 Twelve months ending March 31, 1908: — Letters received 13,379 Letters sent 9,968 Applications for patent 848 Entries cancelled 667 1 DOMINION LANDS 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 No. 15. EEPOET OF THE AGENT AT EED DEEE. Department of the Interior,, Dominion Lands and Crown Timber Office, Eed Deer, Alberta, April 6, 1908. The Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I beg to submit my annual report for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1908, and am pleased to say that notwithstanding adverse circumstances the Eed Deer district has made satisfactory progress during the past year. As mentioned in, my last report, we had passed through the most severe winter ever experienced in the Northwest, but at that time it was too soon to estimate with any certainty the loss of cattle; however, after the spring round-up, it was found that the losses throughout this district were little above normal. The cold winter was followed by a backward spring which retarded seeding operations, a cool summer which retarded the maturing of crops, with snow and frost in September; and yet, notwithstanding all these drawbacks, the crops harvested in the Eed Deer district were on the whole satisfactory, especially so in the eastern portion of the district, where the yield of wheat, oats and barley was an average crop and the grain of good quality. In the western portion of the district, which is heavily timbered and sub- ject to more severe frost, not much grain matured ; however, as all the settlers have more or less cattle, the damaged crops were not a complete loss as they furnished excellent feed. The past winter was mild, with very little snow, and cattle came through in excellent condition, little if any feeding being required, and should we have an early spring followed by a favourable summer, farming in the Eed Deer district will be a profitable calling. There has been a sufficient snowfall during the past winter to ensure ample moisture, and fall wheat looks well at the present time. This district, as well as all other portions of the North American continent, has felt the stringency in the money market, but from my observation it has not affected the farmer so much as the real estate agents, speculators and, possibly, the merchants. When the banks refused to . loan money for speculative purposes, the cry became general that money was tight, and those who had the cash hung on to it, in many cases making the reported stringency an excuse for not paying their accounts, but I notice that all sales of stock, farm implements, machinery, &c, are well attended by the farming community, good prices being realized and the cash forthcoming at the close of the sale, nor can I see how, at least for some time to come, any hard times can be experienced in the west, where such large sums are being expended for public improvements and where the farmer finds a ready market for his products at good prices. The creameries throughout the district are doing well, and the butter produced is of such an excellent quality that the demand is far in excess of the supply. I very much regret to see by the press that the contract for the extension of the Canadian Pacific Eailway branch line east from Stettler has been cancelled. The eastern portion of this district has been settled by a fine class of farmers, who have taken up homesteads and purchased lands in the expectation that they would be provided with transportation for their products within a reasonable time, and if the extension of this line is deferred for another year it will have a very serious effect on the settlement of the eastern portion of the district, nor would it surprise me to see many of the settlers pull up stakes and depart for pastures new. It is to be 26 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR i 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 hoped the Canadian Pacific Railway management will reconsider the matter and see their way clear to doing- something on the extension of their branch line east from Stettler this summer. There has been a large increase in all branches of the work of this office during the past year, with the exception of homestead entries, as will be seen by comparing the following statement with the statement for the nine months period ending March 31, 1907 :— 1907-8. 1906-7. Homestead entries 1,826 1,693 Inspections 990 453 Letters received 18,730 12,901 Letters written 16,479 10,091 Applications for patent 1,072 636 Your obedient servant, W. II. COTTINGHAM, Agent of Dominion Lands. No. 16. REPORT OF THE AGENT AT REGIXA. Department of the Interior, Dominion Lands and Crown Timber Office. Regina, Saskatchewan., May 5, 1908. The Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Out. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the year ending March 31, 190S. The statement of the work performed is as follows: — Xo. Keveiuie. Homestead entries 1,666 $16,400 I K) Improvements 201 8,897 28 Loud sales 70 10,306 71 Sundries 202 25 Timber permits 708 228 75 Timber seizures 2 20 42 Hay permits 283 841 60 ' Grazing rents 41 662 86 Mining fees 7 65 00 School land sales < 4 1,528 70 Seed grain collections 27 1,075 34 $40,128 91 Land scrip located 11 1,280 acres Letters received 37.441 Letters written. .• 35,449 Applications for patent 2,736 Entries cancelled ' 1,304 The opening of the Lund office at Moosejaw in March, 1907, made a great differ- ence in the business transacted at this office during the past year, especially in the homestead entries. The other branches of the work were not affected to any great extent considering the large area which has been taken from this district in the Inst two years and included in the Humboldt and Moosejaw agencies. i DOMINION LAXDS 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 The past year has been a very poor One so far as the farming interests are con- cerned. The failure of the crops by frosts, &c, in certain districts was disastrous to some. The action taken by the government this year in granting seed grain to settlers has been a great benefit to the country. There were hundreds of farmers who had no means in sight to procure the seed necessary to sow their • land this spring. The granting of the seed grain has enabled these parties to procure the seed required, and a large acreage which would otherwise not have been sown this year, will now be put under crop. I have had conversations with a large number of those who have received the seed, and they pronounce it good and state that the change of seed will be of great benefit to the country at large. The early spring has enabled farmers to have their ground seeded early, and at this date the wheat is about all sown and everything points to a prosperous year. Your obedient servant. L. RANKIN, Agent of Dominion Lands. No. 17. REPORT OF THE AGENT AT WINNIPEG. Department of the Interior, Dominion Lands and Crown Timber Offk v.. Winnipeg, Manitoba, June 1, 1908. The Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report upon the business trans- acted at this branch of the department, for the year ended March 31. 1908. I regret to record the death on the 3rd of March last, of Mr. J. W. E. Darby, who held the position of assistant agent in this office from the date of his entering the service in January 1902. The vacancy caused by his death was filled by trans- ferring Mr. A. F. Crowe from the Crown Timber Branch. Mr. Andrew Freeman succeeded Mr. Crowe as assistant Crown Timber agent. The revenue from all sources collected from Dominion lands, amounted to the sum of $98,375.70, and from school lands, $5,552.05. of which sum $19,541.05 was real- ized from homestead entry fees and land sale<. and the balance from timber, grazing tind mines. The year was an exceedingly busy one in all departments of the work. The counter work was extremely heavy, arising in part from the increased number of callers at the office, seeking general information. The settlers within the agency obtained good results from their farming operations of last year. There was practically no loss in grains from frost, and prices and demand for all kinds of farm products were good. A few cases of distress were reported in the northern part of the district, among certain foreigners on bush farms, who obtained the needed relief from the immigration branch. The trend of settlement during the year was northward, chiefly along the east side of Lake Manitoba. Conditions are showing favourably for good crops during the current year. The spring opened some three weeks earlier than that of 1907. and the weather has been most favourable for growth. Your obedient servant, E. F. STEPHENSON, Agent of Dominion Lands. DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 1 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 No. 18. REPORT OF THE AGENT AT YORKTON. Department of the Interior, Dominion Lands and Crown Timber Office, Yorkton, Saskatchewan, May 18, 1908. The Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I beg to submit for your consideration the report of the transactions of this office for the year ending March 31 last. The number of homestead entries granted for the past year was 2,840, an increase of 1,119, which can be attributed to the throwing open of certain lands held by Douk- hobors and made available for homestead entry, while the fact that the Yorkton dis- trict has acquired a reputation for good land, progressive and successful farming, and easy distance to market points, serves as an inducement and arrests the attention of home-seekers, consequently wild land that gives promise of being turned into profitable farms by scrubbing and clearing are taken as homesteads rather than going further afield for open prairie. The important and outstanding feature of last year was the cancelling of Doukho- bor entries and the confining of these people to the land immediately surrounding their villages, a course of action which was hailed with satisfaction and approval. The entries thus cancelled made available 1,386 quarter-sections, and the granting of entries commenced on June 1 and continued each working day until July 6 following. Arrangements were made so that entries could be granted with despatch and errors guarded against. When this work was finished, after five weeks of strenuous labour, it was found that not one mistake had been made, clerical or otherwise, in the grant- ing of entries. Land-seekers were from almost every part of the Dominion, hotels and restau- rants being overcrowded with men, young and old, awaiting the particular day for the chance of securing a homestead. On days when lands near the Canadian North- ern Railway were for entry an enormous crowd of determined homesteaders were massed in front of the office, so much so that doors and windows were barricaded with stout timbers. The Royal Northwest Mounted Police had charge of the besieging homesteaders, and they discharged their duties in a fair, just and impartial manner, which can be placed on record as a matter of commendation. When, as a matter of fact, many of the homesteads were worth $2,000, and men were there determined to secure the prize of a lifetime in a rush for first places, the moderation and patience of the police are a credit to the discipline of that force. There were rumours of favoritism on the part of the police and collusion of offi- cials of the Land Office with outsiders. There was no truth whatever in these rumours. The police were strangers in the town aud the inside arrangements were such that no collusion could happen without the knowledge of the whole staff engaged at the work. All publicity possible was afforded as to the lands, and I am not aware of one instance of individual preference. The district has gone through a very trying period during last year. Seeding did not commence until about May 10, which shortened the growing season about a month. The result was that the wheat crop was No. 2 feed and oats rejected. This I DOiintlON LANDS 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 calamity to some extent was counterbalanced by a fall of dry weather and sunshine, which dried away the moisture of the frozen grain. On account of shrinkage which follows a frozen crop, the yield was badly impaired, although prices were high and altogether farmers fared better than was expected. The conditions as described left the district without seed, and it was soon appar- ent that government aid must be rendered, which was done, and locally the distribu- tion of seed was placed in the hands of homestead inspectors and in other respects has been the source of extra work at this office. This distribution of seed grain is appre- ciated by those whom it lias helped, the quality of seed being sound and free from noxious weeds. The work of the office appears to me to be in a very satisfactory position, and each member of the staff efficient and interested in doing his work thoroughly. The following is a summary of the work transacted : — Homestead entries 2,840 Timber permits 474 Hay permits (Dominion lands) 42 Hay permits (school lands) 141 Letters received 29,973 Letters written 23,766 Applications for patent 1,438 Entries cancelled 3,024 Eevenue $42,310.S6 Your obedient servant, JAS. E. PEAKER, Agent of Dominion Lands. No. 19. REPORT OF THE MTNES BRANCH. Department of the Interior, Ottawa, June 1, 1908. W. W. Cory, Esq, Deputy Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith the report of the Mines Branch of the Department of the Interior for the fiscal year which ended on March 31, 1908. The total revenue derived from all sources during the fiscal year amounts to $649,083.39, and the statements lettered 'A' and ' B,' showing in different forms how this amount is made up, will be found at the end of the report. Statement lettered ' A ' shows the total revenue for each month, and statement lettered ' B ' shows the revenue collected at each agency, including the Yukon Territory. The revenue for the Yukon Territory, which amounts to $260,319.10, is shown separably in statement lettered ' C The reports and statements for the fiscal year from the Gold Commissioner at Dawson and the Assistant Gold Commissioner at Wliitehorse will be found under Part VI. of the general report. 30 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR I 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TIMBER IN THE YUKON TERRITORY. The total amount of dues collected on account of timber in the Yukon Territory during the fiscal year was $17,555.22. There are in existence 114 timber berths held under license to cut timber within the territory, covering an area of 270-11 square miles, which licenses were granted prior to May 10, 1906, on which date the regulations governing the granting of licenses to cut timber in the territory were rescinded and regulations for the issue of permits to cut such timber substituted therefor. Three saw-mills are in operation within the territory, two on the Klondike river near Dawson and one on Twelvemile reiver. According to returns received in the department the number of feet, B.M., of lumber manufactured during the year was 3,116,967, and the quantity sold 3,220,669, a .pantity 0f the lumber having been held over from the previous year. The number of eordfa of wood cut during the year was 5,509 -5, and the number sold 5,697. This dees not include the very large amount of timber and cordwood cut free of dues for lirning purposes. MINING LANDS OTHER THAN COAL. During the rifcal year 97 entries for quartz mining claims were granted by the agents of Dominion Lands in the western provinces and territories. In the Yukon Territory 38,290 placer mining claims, 8,408 qiiartz mining claims and 59,838 renewals and relocations were recorded up to March 31, 1908. According to the returns ie h B s o X P. i 0 "3 r. m 0» V ~ i |> 3 K Coal Mining. Mining IV.-- DC 105,904 oo 6,608 mi 2.033 00 5,546 on 4.0S4 IKI 2,525 50 2,784 30 3,404 67 1.711 42 5 00 12,290 34 17,875 12 Dawson * i-old ' Jom Duncan Mining Re- Sixtyinile Mining Whitehorse Asst, t told < '"in Hi i B- Kluahne Mining Re* Conrad Mining Re- Dawson Crown Thn- 16,035 22 1,520 00 1,543 38 VVhitehorse < !ro\* a I tawson Comptrol Whitehors<- Royalty Fortymile Royalty Dawson Dominion li 15 00 ii n 60 50 iki 55 no Whitehorse 1 >« >inin m on 6.248 97 1,741 42 Total 57 90 " 404 60 90 00 17,555 22 41,564 44 130,703 55 17.S75 42 i DOMINION LANDS 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 REVENUE. including the Yukon Territory, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. is in this statement, credited to the several agencies in which the lands affected are situated. Gold Export Tax. i't -E'o O 43 : x Rental Yukon. CO V CC o "■43 43 so '5b ID CO CD © N >> clv > s s o .a W Water Power. Yukon. Sale of Dominion Lands other than coal, Yu- kon. to 3 o a o 43 CO *- 2 ffi Sale of Coal Lands. Amount. S cts. •S cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. 8 cts. $ Cts. S cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. 25 00 246 80 47,084 09 5,474 25 47,911 34 70 00 6,147 95 82 68 56,003 95 1,120 00 200,513 76 58,390 80 1,217 90 212,436 31 25 00 25 00 30 00 31,033 78 31,538 63 65 00 5 25 8,278 00 4,279 05 660 00 705 70 125 00 1 00 2,500 00 1,341 30 5 00 71 25 40,684 33 109,439 92 6,608 00 2,633 00 5,546 00 4,084 00 134 00 ! 2,525 50 17,712 60 1,520 00 69,011 30 156 50 6 00 69,167 80 1,492 60 1,498 60 75 2,513 51 2,767 50 35 50 16 00 400 00 1,477 59 3,719 11 4,923 40 9,874 60 6,542 61 70,504 65 162 50 5,282 01 51 50 400 00 134 00 2,500 00 5,196 70 1,701 03 76 25 346,813 23 649,083 39 H. H. ROWATT, Chief Clerk. 38 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 REVENUE OF THE C. — Statement of Receipts from Timber, Hay, Coal, Hydraulic Mining, Dredging, Water Power, Survey Fees, and the Sale of Dominion Month. OB c 3J a > £ D. J Hay. Timber Dues. Coal Mining. Mining Fees. Hydraulic Leases. "Water Power. Dredging Leases. 1907. April $ cts. 8 cts. 8 cts. 4,171 49 2,326 91 1.224 46 1,438 48 506 09 794 55 2,559 44 1,295 07 921 28 620 39 928 65 768 41 $ cts. "4606 10 00 39 05 275 48 1,006 90 126 90 41 45 3 60 S cts. 12,551 50 7,579 00 11,672 00 14,193 50 14,514 00 16,734 50 18,385 50 7,629 00 8,350 50 6,227 50 4,299 00 5,219 50 8 cts. 1,090 02 750 00 S cts. 2,500 00 $ Cts. 836 46 29 00 8 00 70 00 27 00 9.605 99 150 00 July 60 1,580 35 2,975 00 1,000 00 1,191 15 1,205 00 403 00 1908. 15 00 225 00 4 55 1,257 90 375 00 1,474 37 Total.. 15 00 134 00 17,555 22 1,543 38 127,355 50 6,248 97 2.500 i» 17 B75 4'J DOMINION LANDS 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 YUKON TERRITORY. Royalty on Gold, Mining Fees, Rental of Agricultural Lands, Water Fronts and Lands for the Fiscal Year 1907-1908. Gold Export Tax. Free Certifi- cates Export of Gold. Free Miner's Certifi- cates. Rental. Regis- tration Fees. Survey Fees. Home- stead Fees. Sale of Dominion Lands other than Coal. Sale of Quartz Acreage Sale of Coal Lands. Amount. $ cts. 76 05 $ cts. 4 00 4 50 19 00 18 00 20 00 59 50 28 00 S cts. 8 cts. 4,371 00 426 13 365 30 S cts. 6 50 2 00 17 00 18 00 6 00 $ cts. 200 00 $ cts. $ cts. 663 38 112 89 1,108 12 356 55 145 98 601 74 512 38 80 00 1,226 60 17 31 85 00 286 75 $ cts. 17 00 196 30 191 30 $ cts. 600 00 100 00 400 00 3,478 99 $ cts. 27,087 40 13,401 23 11 75 19 25 26 75 34,485 70 11,775 08 10,047 6( 8,397 84 100 00 100 00 "4000 30 00 10 00 26,277 21 27,055 83 32,077 73 12,419 94 13 50 5 00 12 91 51 17 50 50 32,691 54 13,316 48 35,020 87 75 15 54 41 11,631 73 19 81 5 00 1 50 50 2 50 10,929 79 923 99 5 00 10 00 8,420 69 17 73 5,335 43 3 75 2 00 290 00 9,305 18 70,504 65 162 50 76 25 5,282 01 51 50 400 00 90 00 5,196 70 404 60 4,923 40 260,319 10 H. H. ROW ATT, Chief Clerk. 40 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 D. — Statement showing the total revenue derived from the sale of coal land for each fiscal year since 1*96. Fiscal Year. Amount. 1896-1897 $ cts. 1897-1898 1,833 74 1898- 1S99 350 00 1899-1900 5,650 33 1900-1901 101,772 00 1901-1902 16,270 32 1902-1903 1903-1904 1904-1905 31,055 38 (',8,949 75 35,695 00 1905-19015 125.754 12 335.795 97 1907-190S ... 346,813 23 YUKON REVENUE. H. H. ROAVATT, Chief Clerk. E. — Statement showing the total Gold Production, the total Exemption, the total sub- ject to Royalty, and the total Royalty collected for each Fiscal Year from May 1, 1898, to March 31, 1908. Fiscal Year. Gold Production. Exemption. Subject to Royalty . Royalty Collected. Infringe- ments. Total Revenue. 1897-1898 S cts. 3,072.773 20 7,582,283 02 9,809,464 64 9,162,082 79 9,566,340 52 12.113,015 34 10,790.663 12 8,222,053 93 6,540,007 09 3,304,791 05 2,820,161 60 S cts. 339,845 00 1,699,657 02 2,501.744 64 1. '.127,666 62 1,199.114 64 S cts. 2,732,928 20 5,882,626 00 7,307,72o (XI 7.234,416 17 8,367,225 88 12,113,015 34 10,790,663 12 8,222,053 91 6,540,007 09 3,304,791 05 2,820,161 60 $ cts. 273,292 82 S ots. $ cts. 273,292 B2 1898-1899 1899-1900 1900-1901 5S8,262 37 730,771 99 592.660 98 1,681 15 2,269 05 3.707 05 589,943 52 733.041 04 596,368 03 1901-1902 331,436 79 302.893 48 272.217 96 206,760 87 163,963 25 82,622 42 70,504 65 95 25 331,532 04 1902-1903 302,893 48 1903-1904. .. 272,217 96 1904-1905 206,760 87 1905-1906 163,963 25 1906-4907 82,622 42 1907-1908 70.504 65 Total S2,983,636 28 7,668,627 92 75.315.6(18 36 3,615.387 58 7.752 50 3.623.140 OS i DOMINION LANDS 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 No. 20. REPORT ON TIMBER, GRAZING AND IRRIGATION. Department of the Interior, W. W. Cory, Esq.. Oitawv, July 29, 190S. Deputy Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the report of the Timber, Grazing and Irriga- tion Branch for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1908. During the year several new features of considerable importance in connection with the timber regulations have become operative, chief among which may be mentioned the change in the method of awarding timber berths. The practice of calling for tenders for a certain berth and awarding the berth to the highest tenderer has been discontinued. Henceforth before a berth is sold it is to be surveyed and then cruised by a competent timber cruiser in the employ of the department who will make his report to the Minister of the Interior under affidavit as to the quantity and value of the timber on the berth in question. With the cruiser's report for a basis the minister will fix an upset price below which the berth cannot be sold. In connection with lumbering operations in British Columbia difficulty had been experienced in securing accurate returns of the mill-cut upon which to base royalty dues, owing to the fact that so many operators were cutting upon provincial as well as Dominion lands, and the logs becoming mixed on their way to the mill. It has therefore been decided that beginning with the fiscal year 1908-09 royalty at the rate of 50 cents per thousand ft. B.M. will be collected on the measurement shown by the culler's returns, in which the British Columbia log-scale is used. These returns are to be furnished once a year at the close of the season and the royalty due thereon paid in quarterly instalments. Notices were sent during the year to all holders of timber berths granted prior to May 1, 1902, who had not erected a mill and operated their berths to the extent required by the regulations, namely, 60,000 ft. B.M. per year for each square mile held under license, that it would be necessary for them to comply with the regula- tions as regards operations. Provision was made in these notices whereby if the berth holder was prepared to cut at the minimum annual rate of 100,000 ft. B.M. per square mile his application to have the logs manufactured at a mill not his own property would be considered. With a view to securing to settlers in outlying districts in Manitoba, Saskat- chewan and Alberta a cheap supply of lumber, there was established last year, by order in council, a provision whereby owners of portable sawmills might secure on applica- tion a permit to cut over a tract of land not exceeding one square mile in extent, on payment of a fee at the rate of $100 per square mile per annum, such permit to be renewable for one year only. In addition to the above payment a royalty of 50, cents per thousand feet B.M. is charged. The success of this provision is amply attested by the fact that 32 of these permits have already been issued, and approximately seven million feet of lumber has been cut thereunder. There has also come into operation during the year a regulation which allows the issue of what is known as cordwood permits under which an applicant may, upon pay- ment, in advance, of $25 receive a permit good for one year and renewable for one year to cut cordwood. fence posts, telegraph poles and mining timber over a tract not exceeding 160 acres, the usual Crown dues to be paid at the close of the period for which the permit is issued. Nineteen of such permits have been issued during the year. «2 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 The revenue derived from timber, grazing, hay and irrigation on Dominion lands for the fiscal year just ended, amounted to $510,244.10, an increase of $99,989,03, over the fiscal nine months ending March 31, 1907. Statement ' A,' showing the total revenue of this branch from its various sources, will be found at the end of this report. Reports received from the Crown Timber agents at Calgary, Edmonton, Prince Albert, Winnipeg and New Westminster, showing the revenue collected on Dominion lands within their respective agencies, and other information, are appended hereto. The report of the Inspector of Ranches is also attached. The report of the Commissioner of Irrigation will be found with the report of the Forestry Branch. The total revenue from timber, grazing and irrigation received at the above Crown Timber agencies, together with the ruling price of lumber and the number of mills in each may be summarized as follows : — Agency. Total Revenue Average price of Lumber I>erM. ft. B. M. at Mills. No. of Mills operating under license. No. of Portable Mills in operation. •? cts . 41.585 20 87,225 13 40,733 83 90,263 04 192,128 88 9 cts . 20 29 15 00 20 90 20 to 27 00 17 00 16 "5 31 32 9 10 2 6 Sawmill returns received at this department give the following quantities of building material as having been manufactured and sold during the year in the above mentioned agencies: — ■Sawn lumber, ft. 15. M. Shingles Shingle bolts, cords. . . . Lath Manufactured. Sold. 243,493,881 167,916.665 50,000 9,15s;- 7,597i 29,119,988 i 16,623,038 The quantity of lumber manufactured and sold within each agency will be found in the agent's report appended hereto. Licenses to the number of 770 were prepared in duplicate and issued. The areas under license and permit respectively in the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, and within the railway belt of the province of British Columbia on March 31, 1908, were as follows: — Under License Manitoba Alberta .... Saskatchewan P.ritish Columbia Total . Sq. Miles. 1.279 05 2,955 48 2,511 10 2,260 74 Under Permit. 9,006-37 Sq. Miles. 52219 552 84 285 09 25 79 1,38591 il D01IIXI0X LANDS 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 The number of applications to cut timber received during- the year was 596. The number of berths granted was 201. The total number of berths under license is 770. The number of berths' covered by permits is 170. The number of portable sawmill berths existing under order in council of February 19, 1907, is 32. GRAZING LANDS. Provision was made by order in council, dated March 15, 1907, whereby the Minister of the Interior may grant a lessee of grazing lands permission to cultivate and crop such portion of his leasehold as may be considered necessary for the growing of fodder for his 'stock ; provided, however, that the crops so raised shall be used exclusively as fodder and shall not be disposed of by barter or sale without the con- sent of the minister. This legislation was designed to provide ranchers with a reserve of feed for their stock against severe winters, and to make possible the maintenance of a greater num- ber of cattle on a given area than could be maintained otherwise. The total number of leases in force is 939, including a total area of 3,259,271 acres, distributed as follows : — Acres. Province of Manitoba 12,642 Province of Saskatchewan 632,493 Province of Alberta • 2,132,718 Railway belt, British Columbia 481,418 Total 3,259,271 IRRIGATION. A full account of irrigation matters dealt with by this branch will be found in the report of the Superintendent of Forestry. OFFICE WORK. The following is a partial statement of the office work performed at Ottawa for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1908 : — Letters received and recorded. . . 19,014 Letters sent 22,962 Plans and sketches prepared 1,328 Cash receipts issued in quadruplicate 2,074 Timber and grazing assignments registered 149 Timber. Berths applied for 596 Berths granted , 201 Licenses for timber berths prepared in duplicate 770 Instructions issued for survey of timber berths 256 Returns of survey of timber berths examined 68 Returns of operating sawmills verified and posted 387 Timber permits checked and entered 10,801 Ledger accounts kept posted 972 Seizures checked and entered 178 Fire-guarding accounts posted 972 44 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR I 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Grazing. Applications for grazing lauds received > . . 577 Leases of grazing lands issued 283 Applications for hay lands received 80 Ledger accounts kept posted — grazing 939 Ledger accounts kept posted — hay Hay permits checked and entered 2,315 Your obedient servant, B. L. YOKE. Chief Clerk. REVENUE OF DOMINION LANDS. A. Statement of Receipts on account of Timber, Grazing, Hay, and Irrigation fur the fiscal year ending March 31, 1908. Month. Timber. Grazing. Hay. Irrigation. Total. 1907. April May 3 cts. :u.l-24 Ofi 47,67-1 02 13,758 65 145,248 67 25,321 1" 21,504 95 31,237 76 14,894 73 28,874 72 37,079 30 13,385 63 14,341 52 457,445 11 $ cts. 1,820 62 5,988 68 3,463 18 2,523 94 5,373 68 5,631 40 7,337 84 4.05!) 03 3,253 19 1,558 78 3,953 48 1,575 97 47,439 79 8 cts. 1,004 05 1.037 95 755 85 1,352 95 519 65 89 05 47 80 1 95 5 80 25 70 1 60 10 4,842 45 $ cts. 3 25 40 50 32 25 30 25 40 25 85 00 30 75 53 25 30 25 54 2;" 5 25 111 50 $ cts. 36,951 98 54,741 15 4S,009 93 149,155 81 31,254 68 1908. 27,310 40 38,654 15 19.90S 96 32,163 96 38,718 03 17.345 96 16,029 09 516 75 510.244 10 Bonus, . Rent... Royalty. Permits. Seizures . TIMBER DUES MADE UP AS FOLLOWS: S cts. 212,067 05 04,101 20 . . . . 97,615 19 66,582 74 17.078 93 457,445 11 F. LOYER, Book-keeper Timber, Grazing and Irrigation Branch. 1 DOUISIOX LAXDS 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 No. 21. EEPOET OF THE INSPECTOR OF CROWN TIMBER AGENCIES. Department of the Interior, Winnipeg, Manitoba, June 23, 190S. J. W. Greexway, Esq., Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I beg to submit my annual report upon my work of inspection of the timber, grazing and mining branches of the department in Manitoba and the North-west pro- vinces and in British Columbia, for the year ended March 31, 1908. Between the date of my last previous report and the present I was called to Ottawa twice to confer upon timber matters. I also made inspection of a majority of the agen- cies (the more important ones), and in a number of instances made two inspections, my reports upon which were duly forwarded to you. It was not found convenient for me to leave my duties at Winnipeg a sufficient length of time to make a tour of all the agencies, owing to having to assume active charge of the work of the Lands Branch for several months, on account |of the long ill- ness and death of my late assistant, Mr. J. W. E. Darby. The position rendered vacant by his death was filled by the appointment of Mr. A. F. Crowe, who was transferred from the Timber and Mines Branch; his assistant, Mr. A. Freeman, was appointed to succeed him as assistant Crown timber agent. The appointment recently of one additional forest ranger for the Edmonton dis- trict and two official scalers for British Columbia has filled a long needed require- ment, and will add greatly to the efficiency of the inspection service. In the round of my inspection duties I met these new officers and posted them on their work. I also met the other members of the forest ranger staff and discussed with them both new and unfinished work and advised with them in regard thereto. While in some respects the year has shown an improvement in the manner the local officers are conducting the business of the Timber branch, still it is far from being efficiently dealt with, which applies more particularly to those offices exercising supervision over the operations of millmen operating under license and permit. There are two reasons which may be assigned for this: namely, that the offices have been undermanned and preference has been given to Land branch work; and, secondly and mainly, the need of each clerk having a practical knowledge, in all its workings, of the lumber business. Within the past few years the lumbering industry in the west has assumed large proportions, and is rapidly growing. I took occasion to point out in my annual report for the year 1904-5 that a closer supervision than is at present maintained should be exercised over the operations of licensees and permittees operating upon Dominion lands. Inspections should be made at least once a year of the books and stock of the respective lumbermen transacting business with the department. This is partially being done in some of the districts, but not fully or in a systematic manner. This work should be laid upon the respective Crown timber agents, who could see that it is done, provided they had upon their office staff a practical timber man, who should also be an expert bookkeeper. The inspection of bush operations should be done by the forest ranger. 46 DEPART.VEXT OF THE IXTERIOR I 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 REVENUE. The revenue from all sources collected on account of timber, grazing and mining at the agencies (exclusive of that paid in direct to the department at Ottawa) amounts to $329,330.04, which sum is shown in detail in statement ' A ' appended. As the pre- vious departmental year, as amended, only covered nine months' business, a compara- tive statement of revenue with present year could not satisfactorily be given, even on a basis of proportion. A large increase in revenue appears in favour of present year. Appended will be found another statement, marked ' B,' which shows the total manu- facture of lumber and other products at the sawmills of the respective licensees and permittees. It will be observed therefrom that no less than 267,532,730 feet of lumber was manufactured by licensees and 57,170,935 feet by holders of permits, making a total of 324,703,665 feet B.M. The total quantity shown by sworn returns of licensees for departmental year ended June 30, 1906, was 114,756,083 feet, and for the nine months ended March 31, 1907, 141,050,292 feet. It will thus be seen that the volume of business has more than doubled in the past two years. The stock of logs taken out during the past winter was small in comparison with that of the previous winter ; due to the decline in sales of lumber during the year 1907, consequent chiefly upon the depression in portions of the country over loss of crop, and to the large stock of lumber being carried over. While the sales amounted to 180,909,384 feet B.M., there was carried over in stock on March 31 last no less than 139,805,143 feet B.M. This lumber was held principally at points in Manitoba and Saskatchewan and in the railway belt in British Columbia. The statement shows 1,540,674 pieces of tie timber to have been manufactured. Of this quantity 591,037 pieces were cut under free permits, by contractors for the Canadian Northern Railway, and upwards of S00,000 pieces in same manner for the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. The remaining number of ties, on which dues were paid, went principally to the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. I would draw special attention to the large amount of timber covered by permits granted to settlers, for the most part without payment of dues : — Number of permits issued during the year under review, 10,801, covered thereby — 57,170,935 ft. B.M. lumber, 1,654,940 pieces roof poles, 2,831,028 pieces fence posts, 6,522,425 pieces fence rails, 190,202! cords cordwood. The demand for permits from settlers to cut timber on Dominion lands increases with each year. During the p»3ceding year 1906-1907, the number issued was 6,971. To my mind greater restrictions than are provided by the existing timber regula- tions should be placed upon the cutting of timber under permit by settlers and others. Cutting, as far as practicable, should be restricted to mature trees and dead timber. The foregoing statement shows that permits issued authorized the cutting by settlers of 11,008,393 pieces of timber for purposes of roof poles, fence posts and rails. In the cutting of this class of timber young growing trees are taken, and as a tree is required to supply each piece, it would seem that that number of trees were cut, provided the permittees cut up to the allowance of their permits. I would strongly recommend the withdrawal of the privilege of cutting green roof poles and fence rails. They are now very little used, having been replaced by the use of sawn lumber and wire fencing. So long, however, as the regulations provide for the cutting of this class of material free of dues, settlers will apply for the right thereto and, as is the practice, the timber is taken and used for other purposes than that specified, generally for purposes of fuel. The cutting of cordwood should be restricted wholly to dry and fallen timber in districts where the same may be had in quantity sufficient to meet the requirements. i DOMINION LANDS 47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 In ray last annual report I gave particulars regarding the number of timber berths held under Dominion license, and the area of land comprised therein, also the number of berths upon which operations took place. As this same information was given in last year's report of the Timber Branch of the Department, Ottawa, it is assumed that like particulars will be given again this year. I will, therefore, omit it from my report. According to official report dated December 31, 190'7, the following is a state- ment of the extent of cutting which took place during the year 1907, upon Provincial Government lands in British Columbia, by leaseholders, and hand loggers, which ia given as the main market therefor is found in Manitoba and the two provinces lying to the west, namely, 509,022,854 ft. B.M. The total revenue derivable from timber sources during the year in British Columbia was $1,723,023.28, which sum is made up chiefly of rentals and license fees. NORTHERN COUNTRY. According to reliable information received, there are at present nine sawmills in operation at points on the Mackenzie, Peace and Athabaska rivers and at Lesser Slave lake and Lake Athabaska. The owners of these mills have not acquired timber berths, and the lumber manufactured by them for the most part is taken from the lands of the Crown without authority. Special regulations for the granting of rights to cut on Dominion lands in Northern Alberta and in Athabaska were passed by order in council of August 10, 1905. These have only partially been enforced over a small district in the neighbour- hood of Athabaska Landing and at Lesser Slave lake. In the centre of all settlements are stationed police officers who could give enforcement to the regulations if it were deemed advisable to engage their services. While I would not advocate charging dues on timber to be used by settlers engaged in farming or stock raising, I am of the opinion that timber taken for barter or sale or used in commercial enterprises should be paid for. Bespectfully submitted, E. F. STEPHENSON, Inspector of Crown Timber Agencies. 18 DEPARTMEyT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 3 £ P. > -r a a oo a z CD — = 3 c X> T3 r> . Oi ■ .- — ■ - c: u _c ■_ _ = I © o c a -r | s >> - E 3 r 55 S 5C - r r 3 i ■saupung •91ia9A9Jj spawj [ooqog 'SdU.lBllf I -llu)S ■02} '.CjiB.voy ") sTiour.r.i — r«c:iT ao ~. n - — ri n l-— .- — vr ?) I- t .": — n n . Mr. r^ ; — B 1 ~- Tl — '>1IIIII..J AVff 33 .- S(2 UO A"l[BAO}J as — :-. n >» £* O * V S. 25 ? ~= < fc 0 - w X H y: ■tc:i ■ cd eo s — — — — t-- •i-- Tin M qo t >h * « -t « w -^ r 1" c: :-: rri c-i t- n i- as :i :i - o r. - t-cooocc r: ?1N (— iH N — — ' NiHIN -* O O CSKO n eo cr. — — n ■juay [mnoj;) •snuog ■1 -^ C — *-" t-.-j.t-v :& = :. 5 — - — i k ■a -a DOMINION LANDS 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Statement B.— Statement showing Manufacture and sale of timber products by Licen- sees of timber berths on Dominion Lands during the twelve months ended March 31, 1908. Agency. Lumber ft. B.M. Manu- factured. Lumber ft. B. M. Sold. Lumber ft. B.M. on Hand. Lath Manufac- tured. Lath Sold. Edmonton 20,947,566 Prince Albert 53,048,790 Winnipeg | 95,077,330 12,328,701 12,241,419 51,141,393 38,212,510 66,985.361 8,901,939 8,706,147 30,743.265 29,933,170 61,520,622 431,851 431,858 4,349,900 12,238,130 12,100,100 431,851 431,858 2,552,650 6,572,130 7,071,400 267,532,730 180,909,384 139,805,143 20,551,839 17,059,889 Agency. 1 Titli Railway „ " , ' Ties Manu- 0,1 Hand' factured. Sliingle Bolts Cords Manufac- tured. Shingle Bolts Cords Sold. Shingle Bolts Cords on Hand. 108,907 482,950 94.943 1,870,450 9.519J 7,597g 7,390), 8,212,410 43,imo 12,279,000 811,574 22.361,860 1,540,674 9,519§ 7,5975 7,3904 Statement of timber material covered by Permits issued at the respective Agencies during the Year ended March 31, 1908. Agency. Alameda Battleford Brandon Calgary Dauphin Edmonton Humboldt . Lethbridge Moosejaw New Westminster Prince Albert .... Red Deer Regina Yorkton Winnipeg Lumber and Logs feet B.M. Roof Pule-;. Fence Posts. Fence Rails. Cordwood (Cords). 2,780 900 950 700 28 1,878,050 50,600 66,400 248,000 1,889 393,466 4,700 4,050 2,400 4,563 4,700,000 298,824 371,499 1,090,282 28,1373 5,001,501 6,950 44,320 20,700 7,751 18,670,543 416,375 511,768 2,096,239 39,450 1,368,831 53,015 70,620 269,250 2,010 3,721,430 173,378 865,702 196,157 4,915 1,332,936 133,675 199,595 469,240 6,284 3,854,344 1,142 6,450,156 192,184 256,267 1,060,599 22,814 3,155,002 110,821 140,741 563,818 7,902 1,224,000 100,033 110,610 82,700 7,699 3,332,439 77,600 110,530 327,705 1,716 2,085,457 35,885 77,976 94,635 53,902 57,170,935 1,654,940 2,831,028 6,522,425 190,2022 E. F. STEPHENSON, Inspector. 25— i 50 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 ~ S - o = -SZ o £ b — 2 t- 3 - ^.*J— 3 5H _>■ c 0 .**" _ = - ■ *3 - - - ■— 1 5 ~ - 7. '07 only ; 1] to Fo- inch. pd O O ffi CD £— 0 3 £ i* C 2 ! 1 -- -li -- u SSI r 3 = £ ^•5 - E - - *-■"* — - • 2 — - S <3 S H- H — ■^uamduibd Sui " 25 O CO <0 = c — •■ — . — « «5 00 m -[f9AttI) p|0 UO TpWB „oix x 0 co b- 0 CO IA9U jo j sasuddx^; &? an — Cl ro CO CO jioo c ~ ^- =: 0 _, X ia __ . r_ ^_ X ■S3S.IOIJ So9 O CS C5 CO X ci (N w X V •^ .«-» puie jjos 'sasxiadx^ u eo eo x t-h in 0 cs COIN T C 1 C! CC C l 22 CO X Cl X 0 ic CO 0 CO ./**■ ~^ CO -r 0 0 1- — 1 c: O — .- 0 Tl CO -* CN CD CO s I— CM • t-CO O CO -r !C CO (^ J J T MCC t CD X >> — Ct > - E* S CO <-< b» J>- * - iZ 0 — . I~- ■*■ c. CO O 0 t— X y: X O H 60 Fit-- c! ci r ri 3 0 X t- rt S cc»n COCO i- c-f CO f-5 ~ Sf § 03 ; • C — co O -r — c^ -V X ." X c. Cl SJ*)JBnbpBag -r cs co c: t— — 5: ?5 « N s 4« SA'«p JO '0^ i-i O CM rp CO 1- —, Cl X - yj CO to •JJ.IO.tt p[3(J WN *N 1^. co cm ci ci im S w ri Cl ?« s.Cup jo -o\^ M ^ CT ■UDy\v jjuajud t^. t>. joj suorreoijddy .-i ^r '. ~f, '. ^ — • . 0 = 0 5 0 G s > *•* :c5 ; : ^ £ * --; . *-"' '• '■ •"'S ^2 " u iT <* ^ p£ ^ s tr e r T < 3 — ! DC > *» B Is DOMINION LANDS 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 No. 22. REPORT OF THE CROWN TIMBER AGENT AT CALGARY. Statement A., showing the Revenue collected on account of Timber, Grazing and Hay on Dominion Lands at the Calgary Agencv during the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. M. nth. Timber. Grazing. Hay. Fire Tax. Total. H«i7. $ cts. 990 28 95 33 1,523 82 1,815 o;, 1,336 87 194 25 2,358 20 4:1s 07 101 36 2,919 61 .113 63 237 si 8 cts. 2 52 796 84 8 00 586 51 20S 00 4 80 631 89 714 55 927 66 71 61 3 90 26 85 S cts. 3 00 332 00 252 50 255 00 48 30 1 75 19 90 S cts. $ cts. !l!)5 80 May 1,224 17 1,800 18 2,656 5 1,596 38 200 80 . ■ July 15 86 August 3 21 September 3,009 99 1,152 62 1,032 02 3 00 10 00 1908. 3,001 22 317 53 261 69 Head Office 12,324 31 24,333 24 3,983 13 925 45 19 07 17,251 96 24,333 24 36,657 55 3,983 13 925 45 19 07 19 07 41,585 20 36,657 55 3,983 13 925 45 41,585 20 R. SUTHERLAND, Crown Timber Agent. 25— i— 4J 52 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR W ac o o — 1C c c - jU -s c c o - -c c s "S 2 g c a. o cc SO c 2: u s ■< QQ •SUJ!1J8}J JO 'OJJ ; }o -ox pun 85(aBmsa ""— ;"*■ si - as-' eh 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 PS Eh pjog puB pamtrojnuBK sajSniqg jo £}i)tnm£) IS - 2 " K23-S .5 =13 « rt<* *3"j5 S - I rt J2 s CT05 CO 1 ss >■"" ©»a rf 00 o ©«» ao u~ ii co*« t-tO "1 ~ 33 s^: rt ■ - 2 » DOMINION LANDS 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 1_ pa pa H 1 e IS s s £ r " - £ r - " a = = - ft = - - 2; = z - tot eg we O0i-t of x* CI CI CO cT CO o o X X 2 Nil. 433,837 433,837 g i-i so OS t- «so oo £ ■5§§ ■0& T- S U ■CI n . ~ e3 „ ij-B ~^ - co > >> - a = - - i = •Oo CO .c - <8 • O ■o et- as 3 — 3 H 3 a? 0? 3? a* T3 a c3 02 in In o > s CO? _= C.^ 0) EH X £ 0) 03 m o U 3 3 B. a a •v »d -3 -0 s .2 .— .„ fa fe fa En 0Q o -f i X i § © •H r-* ^■i O S o 8 S e s 5 a i c8 0) rt g as «; 22 M 32 Q ■8 S3 o J! o •§2 so o £ S « i W| o O J3 5 c 3 -a < pa I 54 DEPARTUEXT OF THE IXTER10R 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 3 5 a < - •3 jo -o>^ ptiK s>]a«uiajj •siun»aj£ }o 'ox •5 •p[Og puv pajnjoBjuuKjt °§ £-- - X - -_ IS = rf rt aj — — = ^:^ s . • - = — g ee = 7— r — = = =•- - — r. = : -- 3 s s o 00 C 0) s o o o 42 C I © M S a a ^ > t3 n a w © a -3 o 3 !» T) © -^ =! b © a. o I- .-- 'JOMOj 9SJOQ JO 'O^J o © c '.MA\n(| JO pUTA{ Steam Strain Steam > ■Z +3 z. *i GO *3 X - — *i< PQ X § • — 93 B u X -1 - — el H hJ X -". s 5 < 9 a) = — ^ — - a 9 s — -= rs Eh 6- DOMINION LANDS 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 t- o Ol CM =£ 1 C - X QC CO co £ X. OJ ZZ, 00 • - 3>-f B3 — ■— ' aj £} id 2- >- 18* B T3 PQ n n =- ^ eh r^ H co CM *r •"' ■^, t- 00 t; 00 o CX o © g Q •"■ H '— •^ ._- © _* o ,_J co CO CO CO CO u a ri IE s S3 Q at SO s - t-3 3 § r O S. co ..- 71 " ?1 ; s O O o Q cc -** CM t- -r ^ §5 IQ lO 5© O so cm C© in CO CD _J ::" -f — ; ■* N -—■ A X gj* -J ; = o" nr cjTsT —3 s -- oi 32 g • - jzj C-. ■^ g lO ON CO Z^Ll k iJ 43 fcl t-" P* ■ 0 *- • ■ ! ^ S ; — ■a- 3 ■ O. d - ri « . ~6 d ■ — . d S : - S : - CD 03 3 : dP S S ' s 1-3 S :g : S : -co — o d -~z O OS 3 -—> O d -co 43 ■o 1 d9 scr. T3o"S ; S G* d 00 is d ■— ' r. =3 '"* d d i-t d d r-H •*- d1-1 J= - -= P -c - 3 ■ JS - c ~- ■e 7 r ^h E3-T3 c d g CO 3 r^ 5 CO - co r^ 3 « CO o - — S i 0 r^ flC0 d^ O S a e co 0 J^ >, >_ >J >> +j -0 43 c ;= C c; = d 2 cJ d d 3 J" <§ c* o* ^ _,_•_ IS U3 -t" CO ™ "T X k 0-1 §. ,c — -c 49 o 43 43 t- h u o C a pq Ph K - P3 -3 ■^ s eg d *= CO d O cJ i CD a CJ CJ CJ P .5 b i- a CO •f. T. X cc co -r co c o c co = O o er. ^-. n CI =T O § 01 C d e3 d d d E O £ 4- V 4a 43 43 43 CC :/: o: o: CO d d s rH 43 > CM 5 <; i2 CM DC c 0) d V Q '5 -r -t- CO a £ S ^_^ >. = 7^ T be < t- d be a J3 c d i z Q I -5 M C 3T 43 43 1) s 9J a c 1 M bo 0 E z > &1 ^ . g o i 0Q O K. H 56 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 No. 23. REPORT OF THE CROWN 'TIMBER AGENT AT EDMONTON. Department of the Interior, Dominion Lands and Crown Timber Office, Edmonton, Alberta, 'July 28, 1908. The Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I have the honour to report with respect to the timber operations within this agency for the fiscal year ending March 31, '1908. The amount cut by licensed berth owners was 16,104,087 feet B.M. The amount cut under permit from portable mill permit berths was 2.183,367 feet B.M. The amount cut by portable mills under settlers' permits was 6,703,765. The average price at which the lumber was sold at the mills would appear to be $15 per thousand B.M. A very considerable loss was sustained during the past year by some of the larger mill operators owing to the sudden rise of 'the waters of the Saskatchewan river. The winter just passed was quite favourable for the lumber industry, and, as owing to the financial conditions there is, perhaps, less activity in building operations, mill men have a larger stock than usual on hand. ! Your obedient servant, K W. MACKENZIE, Agent of Dominion Lands. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 DOMINION LANDS 57 SCHEDULE A. Statement of receipts from Timber, Grazing and Hay at the Edmonton Office for the year ending March 31, 1908. Month. 1907. A.priI $1,614 92 f a* 1.200 36 ^\ne 740 15 JuIy 1,427 49 £"^st ■ 1,676 68 heptember -- December '.'.'.!...' .'.' .V 520 53 1908. l™™y 540 5S lebruary o 774 14 March "770 58 TT . T°tal $12,467 5S Head office -. 74,757 55 $87,225 13 Certified correct. K W. MACKENZIE, Agent of Dominion Lands. 58 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 x © 3-. CO J3 o u cS s S3 -3 c t- =8 0J >-, a> -^ 60 C 3 -a 3 g S ■- > o & -a c c so J3 = H c f o :h O a o -*j a o S w so a a. o 91 a S ■piog spnpoj j i.i|M) •p,un)D<;nuiB]\; st)onpo.ifi wqio 1 I . .... - 00 o 'PI°S <1»,"I : ; : . . g" ; I ' * . '. '. '. ^ ■ p.uupi!jnu«]( i|ivri 406,868 ■|tu>;i| no jsqtnn'j Nil. 212,309 136,700 677,059 Nil. 768,779 Nil. 525,346 164,662 396,910 — ~x n :■-. hi i-T ■p[ot; jaqumq B. M. 1,266,017 70,056 Nil. 1,657.899 63,395 272,039 52,482 277,682 263,705 985,388 22M14 996,446 'peirty -oi!jturB]\- jaqmnq B. M. Nil. 70,056 242,309 136,700 1,964,958 63,395 272,039 52,482 277,682 768,779 253,705 1,037,056 383,066 1,393,366 1.745,954 •2061 'lEV/"BJS 'pirni) uo joqmnri 1,2(16,017 Nil. 270.000 Nil. 473,678 Nil. •°n M^a 788 si 2 1,002 887 ,196 S.L.33 1,287 1,288 1,289 9 1,091 1,211 1,242 'ireSao, suoinsjadQ 1899 1905 190(1 1900 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1900 1907 1907 1907 Location of Limits In Tp. 52, Rge 3-4, \V5th In Tp. 50, Rge 4, W5th Special permit Or- der in Council, 10-7-07 In Tp. 51, Rge 26, W 4th In Tp. 50, Rge 4, W4th .See. 11-50, Rge 4, W 4th In Tp. 49, Rge 3, \V4th In Tp. 50, Rge 3, W 4th Special permit Or- der in Council, 10-7-07 In Tp. 50-51, Rge 3. W5tli In Tp. 50, Rge 6, W5th In Tp. 47. Rge 4, W 5th In Tp. 4950, Rge ('.. W 6th •J3A\0tJ jo pui\[ 6 : . : *J . . . 02 s. "8 c : "^ rt 0 (J E Z i c ■e ■- c c a £ o! - ■ C . . o ■ U : M s = s O c C c. ? In r* i- a z : r c J - = = I). R. Fr.aser & Co. & John = = = DOMINION LANDS 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 - - "*- © -f c CO © to -T T "** *o ~r -: Cl NH^ * HH4-4- | = -r O isg — Tt* — to -r ^. CN * ,_r++ N-H + * 3Z * -J- ■c CJ0 § to X c Cl CO s X r X tO r-l w CO V T -r © — X X i- CO CC t- 1- C3 X 2; r; cc X ^r ' X « * X X) e o» s ra z X X cc 1 CO 9 tO 1— t>T ?l c w I- — -o ■^ ^ -i- — z — Os cc ..- *o :-. x i- I - 5 — t__ t— tO Cl X »c z -r r^ TP ^r *o X cc If. t- t; X i f g -J* X o cc 1- I- — t* — ci © — — y ? CC o r- t ^ Tp Tl o r» cc CO to c: Cl o r- -r b- to os X iO c~ X :-. n »r; CO X o: N V- Cft cc r-t i-t t- !>• JT [- OS © CO — •*• *o CI cc T '^ X X -r — c ci X I* cc z O '£ _£ © © — O cc © •— ' -* — •r i— 1 rH ~ •^ «?" z © X |s- z Cl (M iC ■-c © ** § 'Z r- ( r- © OS «— — Th Cl to — cc "* — © — i—i s " g r »o 5 CO CO cf to IG •"** CO — Tl " cr r -- to -r rH — c X O tO o © •* — tO X :-. Oi cc i-i CI CI Cl T cs 3S 5 0 cc rt r- | 1-1 rH r~ — i-H r- 1-1 t«- o 52 CD cc t- '- '- _ _ cc I- ." X Q r C o © © z o r r c5 - C © 01 a: OS © z s r. 3 OS 3 " c: bi £c ■ OC to It* ! T -«o . ti c b- •i" CO to t-^. : ti : **• -T. "— ' 5£ X 0 be E X '• X bo ■ bC ■ C£ 1 ■ tic « : 0 4^ a a z o c CD be Of Cl « be ^ n- -Z ■*-) iO X s 05 be Cl X be 03 Cl 0) " bo ; - : X r 0 3^ \ 5 c -2 "^ _J 5 o* : t ! - K — t^ _ *-** — S"x L. 00 lO 5: _o ££ o *- 43 * 1 - — -> ^C a. tO —to "5 1 — ■- [- z CC- ^ H X — bci- > Q tO EHfe «C £ c_ X T3 - ^ £ -- *•*■ ^C "s-* - z - = ^- — > c? > * « r* *^ be .2 c3 X -J = = = = e3 v. 01 0- c X) 5 r-. > % — > ^ O o3 z -^ "e3 — z I = = = 0 a /. 4a 3 > c T c — - i CC ^ £ 09 a, • 2 *J2 : o d 0 =*n TC 6 c s Tc 15 43 o S o — i o H K £ 3 j Q O _ EC ■*. rl c « fq d h < = a c = 0. - i T ■— 9 = # *3 h- tt ■g rx pq H •" Q - 3 = 1 •-» ^ 03 — e 60 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 = a o 5 a 3 -3 — — pjog nonpoij aamo scpnpo.i,j J»mo ■P1°S 'H«l 3838 71 ." -r -r c c - 888 tab-"* (WJiUOBjriUKU 1(^1 •pu>M( uo jaquni'j - — = JIJtJJ cxc 5 r ;] i t £ :- — o ^ x — :*: _ et ■SiSsri'Z — O^-s' — ^ t^. i~ -, :*: — r-t ?i ~ — Z — N — ?! pjog aaqunvj ■p*u\l ,g -a g a c 3 O >>ori 2 o £ C5 - Br1 M «U - b C5 — -2 J f»\ = O -^ s * - <; u ^ DO — a a -a 70fiT '18 UM«W 'pirn] uo jaqiuiiT Er :*: — c c — ~r r. pc Sr.c : :i--"tc ^ S c n ec ET. ?i -. ::.;( c: in s-i -■ a i- = -*• — e ^H CC — -rr?l Hi CO N — A -3 ■°n M'j-'a •uwSaq suoijraailo ItCINt-Nf-yl et. - c. — 5 S ET. s a a •.w.ttoj jo pui>I 3 =2 3 <5 33 g p-3 > . ■ • . j =3 i DOMINION LANDS 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 » No. 24. REPORT OF THE CROWN TIMBER AGENT AT PRINCE ALBERT. Department of the Interior, Dominion Lands and Crown Timber Office, Prince Albert, Sakatchewan, April 2, 1908. The • Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my report for the twelve months ending March 31, 1908. The total receipts amount to $29,012.76. Schedule B is a statement of lumber and lath manufactured under license during the same period. The total number of feet B.M. of lumber manufactured is 50,208,790, and the sales amount to 35,372,510 feet and the average selling price is $20.90 per M. The six mills operating under license have now on hand 687,244 spruce logs, which is not as large ,a cut as I had anticipated, but owing to the financial depression the lumbermen all curtailed their operations. The small portable mills scattered throughout the district have manu- factured some 2,500,000 feet for settlers under free permits. The cut of cordwood amounted to about 12,000 cords, and some 60,000 ties were manufactured. The lum- bermen all report a good demand for lumber since April 1. Your obedient servant, R. S. COOK, Crown Timber Agent. 62 DEPARTUEXT OF TEE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 SCHEDULE A. Statement of receipts, Crown Timber Office, Prince Albert, for twelve months ending March 31, 1908. Month. Ground Rent. Royalty. 1907. April May June ...... July August September. October . . . . November . I December . S cts 602 14 5.03G 421 •J7 81 43 24 45 65 110 74 1908. January . February March . . . 62 50 I'aid at Head Office. 2,894 95 302 30 6,057 32 5,660 76 25 1.336 35 5,928 50 16,251 93 Permit Dues. .? cts 605 45 586 L'4 ■ 17 40 55 76 231 71 29 50 132 75 554 98| 1,123 'J'.i Seizure Dues. 1,078 25 396 89 582 33 5,494 55 S cts 221 62 10 13 !) 00i 50 35 59 62 1 00 6 00 22 00 66 09 145 si School Lands, Timber, Grazing and Hay. $ cts. 63 20 77 40 120 10 169 15 25 70 9 40 57 55 41 51 8 15 Dominion Lands, Grazing and Hay. S cts . 78 80 10 80 30 50 51 90 13 25 25 50 13 80 61 20 31 86 1 20 1 no 679 02 212 95 Total. S Cts. 4.466 16 6.023 29 304 81 6.427 72 316 31 234 76 5,851 06 597 74 1,132 64 2,496 90 481 09 680 28 29,012 76 11.721 07 40,733 83 Crown Timber Office, Prince Albert, April 29, 1908. Et. S. COOK, Crown Timber Agent. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 DOMINION LANDS to a -3 d a> to c o s = c o o 5 00 §•8 6 J3 3 m 0 © -^ ¥ a - ad 0= = = _ _ fe U *" f *3 — > t- ~ O) *S *j S o s-- - •— e8 « Se-h - ;R -~ £ = = = = CO -r -tCM • -r (Ni2 ■ i-» ■^, ix -*H 3 X CC -o °i O 5 5 CO acco"" !ooT tC J °J5 - X 0 — O QlOQ ■ © ;. J © IOOCO • ■ © St, ® «t - - . J SO ^" ^co • ■ CO 0 o«f n * 0 p£ " O ©> t-i CO CO © -3 3 I j- O IOOO00 S 8 §88 : : © CC © X • ■ 0 1 -3 eg iH 00*10 co" 3 S © noo . . © co •n cocnh . . -r of : ; l>r 4^ 0 000 ■ • 0 X X O © • • l- — © CO • • CO — 3J = - t» (CION> . . ^ § = s N Q O O . . ^< os ^rct- . . 0 of 1-1 ^« OC b-f-H 0 - © r-. 0 ci -r © ■ t- Oi © -r ic - 0 T3 -*j cc* ©"oT-rx" of co Hh-tno l— © -J -^ CI — CO :C Fi OI s "= ■^r C3 ift © © ■ © © OI »0 © .-H ■ © J - - t- oooir-oa ■ t~ 3 u t of r-I'cf-t-'"©*' ! CO 3 = 0 -n ©CO^h . 0 cc oa in © 0* OI bo ; s 0 — as . - eS — i-3 fc 1 r- > +i T3 =!•- 3 = £Ph O - . tc„ *- ■ I bq fc« T3 ■ CD B^S^SS : > O ?; 0 c y; H ^- 0 Maqiuix jo aoi^< ll.lDS3(J 3 - - - - - 7; »o © © t-~ t-- i- © © © © © © ©> X X c. c 0 •suoi^BJ^do psou SUlUtOQ © ©©©© © © © © © © 5 © 00000 •8anoi( oi -1*! -v IDUdBQ 0 ©' io"o»p»oo" «S COCO CO T i-H -' ■pm>t |)uu -i-'a\«h •is.lo]-J £ 0 CO S OlOQiOIQ © ©-?■•--: ci 01 Ol^ CI 1- Tl c ~ 0 : 0 0 c :_ c _g J i :>3 c = ^_Z *~ ! — Z 1 l5| j^ -z - ~=e * -.S c ^ HCfz« « 3; rt «.^ — B is .H - c *^ « fcl *- -E C- rt fe * P P 5 H 3 00 to 3 65 1 DOMINION LANDS 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 REVENUE. The total revenue collected on account of this branch from all sources during the year amounts to $90,263.04 from Dominion lands and $3,591.04 from school lands, the details of which are shown in statements A and Aa appended. TIMBER PERMITS. The number of timber permits issued at this office to settlers during the year amounted to 1,435 (including 106 on school lands), covering the following quantity of itimbefl : — Dominion lands — Building logs (lineal feet) 318,071 Lumber (feet, B.M.) . . 1,131,244 Roof poles 35,8^:, Fence rails 94,635 Fence posts 77,976 Cordwood 51,082 School lands — Building logs (lineal feet) 600 Cordwood 2 820 SEIZURES. During the year forty-nine seizures were made, thirty-nine of which covered material cut on Dominion lands and ten on school lands, as follows: — Dominion lands — Building logs (lineal feet) . . . 8,436 Lumber (feet, B.M.) 205 365 Railway ties 4 285 Fence posts j-QO Cordwood 1673 School lands — Lumber (feet, B.M.J 1,000 Railway ties 1423 Fence posts :;;,> X Month. Ground Rent. Royalty. Permits. Seizures. Totals. 1907. April May •5 cts. S cts. 653 46 1,429 79 3,074 34 399 09 921 19 1 90 $ cts. 1,911 69 1,839 32 611 98 4,306 07 817 89 989 59 4,271 03 1,850 52 4,387 66 S cts. 996 73 1,688 56 639 28 1,105 81 5,419 44 793 40 1,380 63 3,235 49 12.669 51 $ cts. 169 00 15 00 496 72 264 75 211 26 4 50 26 66 385 03 $ Cts. 6 18 4 45 ' 160 7 36 $ cts. "l7 50 32 50 107 50 112 50 235 00 107 50 8 cts. 319 75 117 30 95 60 235 70 108 70 36 50 1 00 S cts. 4,050 63 5,107 47 June July August 4,956 60 6.423 37 7,590 98 2,002 19 5,794 18 146 84 19 35 7 93 5,232 85 4 45 17 50 30 00 22 50 2 50 20 17,979 05 1908. 6,857 96 1.334 35 S,234 89 1,931 68 104 34 6,560 91 2,201 20 123 60 441 52 8,638 69 2,749 56 Oollee ted at H <) 8,552 00 6,653 89 2,691 14 29,879 73 3 89 38,025 31 25 2,638 04 195 00 24 04 685 00 914 75 78,820 76 11,442 28 Total .... 8,552 00 9,345 03 29,883 62 38,025 56 2,833 04 24 04 685 00 914 75 90,263 04 E. F. STEPHENSON, Crown Timber Agent. DOMISIOX LAXDS 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 oj X> S to a. '3 c a loci £ © © OS > — o O- .£ — - h ■§.s - -a - a; o ao — . -j c o K 2 ° • c co jj - « -M OS — ' ri .p 3 £ OJ o :< & b- : : : \ * ^ : t-T s § : . • ■c - ■ O ■ © ■ © • -© • • © :g - : § oS ■ t- ■ - • •cr ■ 01 • - i-H X :x* - 1- -© Ol 8 . 1- . -r . .c:^ |H 5T ; t-T . :=o of c ■ © • © |8 ■ X •© 0 73 - © 0 — O . -T "* • 0 1 s © © l§ o 2 M •© © z "o ■d 0 1 ©" 0 a 1 so • -d - 2 O ^£. © -r © © © © ^ - t^. — t ?c xn ■ c: --£. co c r. c ■ X © Ofl • © ■ © -t 1 01 . 0 ■*** X 1— 0 IQ 00 W OS C W -r ■ t X — 1* b- •t I" -T g§cl ■oa OH ' ' 1— ■ © c r "' •a HX ■ C — CO »Q O ■ XNPJ ■ i>- ©© - © ■ © 0 © s ©"©" x'cTcf — ' r^ ic *tC« cTeo" '. COc4,*0"^i*iH*CT ; 1- ©*«? ; ©" . ic"© " sf 5 jTCxt-i: XX . c X -r t*i-- . •^ r- x ihS t»Ci CO * . 1-^ NW . . — ■ 0 1 "l c -r" ; 0-f ©T ;» 0 01 1 * !C*0* ■ Q O ■* O Tf C- i~ OWN HI :". C C © © ■ CO t^ — © Ol CO c © t t *tnxw ■ co 0 10 0 1> t- — . 0 ■* — © _; OOXtH ■ O 74 t—i O OC IOIS. 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' § 1 '.£ • » • • >■ '• '■ +J V ; : . >.S . i 1 0 1 J ■ '■ ■ f- •- ' . '■ ■ ; : - J ''-i-S i -2~i ra ^J & Q Hh S ^ -^ - 1 T""1 ■ GC — ttf M "^ ^ pS bOcq - - . - a - § i " S-S • ^ ~ — rt »^. — — — c 3 5" - s tc P So g : :ii.5 : ■** -i- "^ - " - E I6? E | Sg - r ' — -^ "* "*" E-* _-£ ^ E- t3 - g j : : : w * - - :2 :nl :o • ' :- ' ID '"2 ■ ■S-gl . . > : 5 c :. ' C ■ Pp *j -- : — t-F-s C fill *■ - s 0 U ■ . . u . ^ . « * ■ i c « 0 < 3 SB CS ©.2 SMSSC s . . « 0 . 0 = 1 1 •|s£ in ; C • ice WOQEh - - - X - oS t- «-.g X 1 !Z § E- 25— i— 5i 68 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR i 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 No. 26. REPORT OF THE CROWN TIMBER AGENT AT NEW WESTMINSTER. Department of the Interior, Dominion Lands and Crown Timber Office, New Westminster, B.C., May 15, 1908. The Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my annual report for the fiscal year ■ended March 31, last. I also inclose a schedule containing the list of the saw-mills situated within the railway belt in this province and statistics of the lumber trade for the period mentioned. The lumber business in this province up to the month of September last was in a very healthy condition, but a lull came over the financial world about that time, that had its effect upon this most important branch of industry, and while at the present time the trade can hardly be said to have recovered from its setback there are prospects of a fairly prosperous season. During the year about 72,000,000 feet of saw logs were manufactured within tie railway belt in this province; out of this amount and what was on hand from the previous year, approximately 49,000,000 feet were sold, leaving at the end of the fiscal year about 30,000,000 feet on hand. As there were only nine months in the fiscal year ended March 31, 1907, it would be impossible for me to draw a comparison, but taking the year of 1906 as an example, there was in that year 21,000,000 feet of timber manufactured in the railway belt, and a similar amount sold. The receipts of this office for that year were $33,627.27, while the receipts for the year ending March 31 last, were $65,670.77, to which please add amount collected at head office on account of this agency. Your obedient servant, JAMES LEAMY, Grown Timber Agent. DOM IX f OX LANDS 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 SCHEDULE A. Statement of Receipts, British Columbia Crown Timber Agencv, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1908. Month. Ground Kent. Royalty Dues. Permit Dues. Seizure Dnes. Total. 1907. Aj.nl $ cts. 2,822 80 7,090 23 1,316 77 33 38 54 10 304 89 174 59 60 33 1 18 8 00 08 $ cts. 5,455 29 3,110 89 2,097 02 6,097 52 2,840 47 1,506 37 5,186 59 1,746 88 3,760 26 2,551 35 166 29 1,442 49 $ cts. 400 26 2,965 06 250 25 768 23 276 82 703 78 44 60 5 25 373 00 519 95 119 02 795 18 S cts. $ cts. 8,678 35 May 321 80 13,487 98 3,664 04 July August September October November 2,902 86 6,899 13 6,074 25 2,515 04 5,405 78 1,812 46 4,134 44 1908. • lanuary February 5,396 94 8,468 24 293 31 2,237 75 Totals Head Office 11,866 35 35,~961 42 7,221 40 8,621 60 63,670 77 128,458 11 Total . 192,128 88 70 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 List of Mills operating in Dominion Railway Belt in British Columbia and on hand during the fiscal Name of Owner. Where situated. Capacitv of Mill. JPower. Operating on Limit Nos. Palliser Lumber Co Columbia River Lumber Co Golden, B.C Beaver, B.C Kualt, B.C Carlin, B.C Revelstoke, B.C Comaplix, B.C Wigwam, B.C Arrowhead, B.C Three Valley, B.C... Crazv Creek, B.C. Mara, B.C Ft. 40,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 411,(10(1 50,000 100,001) 30,000 100,0011 125,000 50.000 100,000 20,000 40,0(10 30,000 20.000 50,000 25,000 100,000 75,000 100,000 * 40,000 1 00,1100 100,000 40,000 Steam . . " • 29 and 3 258, 257 and 422 17, 277 and 278 45, 72 and 305 120,421, 241, 239and2S6 88 and 207 366, 113 and 114, 112 118 310 and 302 333 285, 326, 363, 365 and 457 Not operating 402 A. R. Rogers Lumber Co Lamb- Watson Lumber Co Eudeiby, B.C 237 it on Horn. Lands. Harrison River Mills T. k T. Co.. E. H. Heaps & Co Harrison River, B.C. . . Ruskin, B.C 63 33, 185 and 26S Port Moody, B.C Barnet, B.C. . Pacific Coast Lumber Co B. C. Mills T. & T. Co . . Vancouver, B.C New Westminster, B.C Vancouver, B.C New Westminster, B.C Ladner, B.C Ebume, B.C New Westminster, B.C Abbotsford, B.C. .. ". 52 H on Dom. Lands. „ „ .. E. J. Farrer 433 and 468 246 209 429 0 33 77 N. <;. Elliott Brunette Saw Mill Co 75,000 Steam. . 75.0OO 125. oi hi 25,000 25.000 25,000 No mill Steam . . " ii Manitoba Lumber Co 293 290 323 Neil Mitchell 453 Kwong Man. Fai & Co E. J. Fader 223 Permit Claim 430 25,000 Steam. . 332 ♦Shingle Mill. DOMINION LANDS 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 and Statement showing Quantity of Timber Manufactured, sold year ended March 31, 1908. Locality of Limits. Quantity of lumber manu- factured. Quantity of lumber sold from quantity manufac- tured and quantity on hand from previous year. Quantity of lumber on hand. Quantity of shingle bolts manufactured. Ft. 6,686,211 4,815,619 1,019,316 8,491,653 5,101,705 7,883,555 2,948,151 1,777,996 2,593,924 3,052,911 11,056,106 Ft. 4,663,467 1,579,917 54,918 3,393,487 3,537,893 7,185,745 Ft. 2,463,760 4,815,742 985,434 4,120,864 1,563,812 1.199.564 Cords. Nil. Columbia River '• 2,948.151 ! 134,107 1.643.F89 1,016 593 Three Valley Lake 2,266,349 3,052,911 5.321,352 327,575 Nil. 9,752,814 Nil 736 453,371 3,323,444 221,900 Nil 231,471 3.323,444 Nil. Mabel Lake Harrison Lake 581,450 442,574 581,450 127,678 Nil. Nil. 314,896 | 4.856J Burrard Inlet 268,115 268,115 Nil 647g Coquitlam 1,062,907 1,064, 199 1,062,907 Nil 1,064,499 Nil. 560 Nil 363,061 313,060 Nil. 23,680 1,708,102 363,061 Nil. 313.060 2,218,374 23,680 1,708,102 Elgin 2,531,789 467,846 2,531,789 Nil. 467,846 : Nil 2,761,815 Nil 1,636,814 1,632,006 2,761,815 1 Nil. Nil. 1,656,814 1,632,006 Burrard Inlet Pitt Lake 8314 279 Nil. "4,081,680 51,141,393 30,743,265 9,5195 72 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR i 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 List of Mills operating in Dominion Railway Name of Owner. Quantity of shingle holts sold out of quantity manufactured, and quantity on hand from previous year. - o X — it B '£ >> ■ is = — 3 = 5 -6 m SB ._ *j I* 3 PaUJBer Lumber Co Columbia River Lumber Co Cords. Nil. l,01fi 568 Nil 650 Cords. Nil. 65 Nil. 558 M. 502,250 Nil 1,166,950 Nil. Big Bend Lumber Co 2,680,700 Rothesay Lumber Co Nil Nil. Nil Harrison River Mills T.&T. Co E. H. Heaps & Co Nil 3,313} Nil :>,:i";,' Nil :::;:: 6476 Nil. Nil. B C Mills T & T Co K. Mikuni Spencer & Daison N. G. Elliott Nil 487 Nil. Nil. 90| Nil. II Nil » Nil Nil Nil. Neil Mitchell 713 202f Nil. ■ t 490 6761. Nil. Nil. 11 7,5978 7,39M 4.349,900 i DOMINION LANDS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Belt in British Columbia, ifcc. — Concluded. 73 •a "c •n .= J5 "3 >> *a "*j s a 3 Or X. a o Quantity of railway ties manufactured. Quantity of railway ties sold. Quantity of railway ties on hand. No. of mill returns received. Date of last return. M. 325,800 Nil. 764,850 Nil. 1.462,000 M. 176,450 Nil. 474,100 Nil. 1,219,900 Pieces. 8,889 1.176 48,350 6.844 27.884 Nil. Pieces. 8,889 1.176 48,350 6,844 27,8S4 Nil. Pieces. Nil. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 March 31. 1908 „ 31, 1908 „ 31, 1908 ,i 31, 1908 „ 31, 1908 ., 31, 1908 „ 31, 1908 ,, 31, 1908 ., 31, 1908 i, 31, 1908 „ 31, 1908 Nil. Nil. 1,100 Nil. 1,100 Nil. Nil. il 4 4 March 31, 1908 „ 31, 1908 Nil Nil. Nil. Nil. Nil. 4 4 March 31, 1908 „ 31, 1908 Nil. Nil. Nil . Nil Nil. 4 March 31, 1908 Nil. Nil. Nil. Nil. ii Nil. " 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 March 31, 1908 ,. 31, 1908 „ 31, 1908 „ 31, 1908 „ 31, 1908 „ 31, 1908 „ 31, 1908 „ 31, 1908 Nil. Nil. Nil. Nil. Nil. 4 3 4 3 4 t 4 March 31, 1908 Dec. 31, 1907 March 31, 1908 Nil. Nil Nil. il Nil. Nil. Dec. 31, 1907 March 31, 1908 May 1, 1908 March 31, 1908 2,552,650 1,870,450 94,243 94,243 Nil. 1 5 permits issued. 74 DEPARTMENT OF THE I \ TERIOR 1 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 No. 27. REPORT OF THE INSPECTOR OF RANCHES. Office of the Inspector of Ranches, Calgary, Alberta, March 31, 1908. The Commissioner of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of the transactions of this office for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1908. During the year 4,473 inspections have been made of grazing leases, stock watering reserves and applications to purchase, and requests for permission to be allowed to cultivate part of leases for growing fodder crops. In the discharge of these duties 10,844 miles have been driven by team and 21,247 miles travelled by rail. Conditions on the range have been almost perfect during the past fall and winter; light snows, mild weather and few, if any, storms which could be called severe and these only of short duration have prevailed. Yet, as the department is aware, lessees of grazing lands have, in many cases, relinquished their holdings wholly or in part. In my opinion this state of affairs is caused partly by the dread of a provincial tax on leased lands, partly on account of the winter losses of the season of 1906-07, but chiefly because the stockman no longer fears the encroachment of other ranchers, as the ranching business does not appear to present the same attractions to the new investor as formerly. The established rancher is not abandoning the business, but appears to be taking advantage of these conditions in order to curtail expenses. Inspections are now pretty well up to date. Your obedient servant. ALBERT HELMER, Inspector of Ranches. i DOMXIOX LAXDS 75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 No. 28. REPORT OF THE ACCOUNTANT. Department of the Interior, Ottawa, July 16, 1908. W. W. Cory, Esq., Deputy Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith statements of revenue collected from various sources during the fiscal year ended March 31, 190S, as follows: — A. — Dominion lands, including Yukon Territory . . . $1,979,499 13 B.— Ordnance lands '. . . . 8,674 95 C— School lands 708,045 83 D. — Registration fees 2,256 65 E. — Fines under the Immigration Act 1,650 00 F — Casual revenue 20,069 03 G. — Seed grain repayments 12,899 84 $2,733,095 43 A statement of revenue on account of Dominion lands (marked H.) shows the receipts monthly, classified under subheads. Statement (marked I.) shows a com- parison between the receipts on account of Dominion lands for the fiscal year ended March 31, 190S, as compared with the revenue of the previous twelve months. Your obedient servant, P. MARCHAND, Acting Accountant. 76 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 A. — Dominion Lands Revenue (casli and scrip) for the fiscal period ended March 31, 1908. Salt- of lands Rental of land . . Map sales, office fees. &c Survey fees Timber dues Hay permits Mining fees Export tax on gold Free Miners' certificates Free certificates for export of gold Hydraulic leases I Iredging leases Homestead fees Improvements < 'oal lands Kent of water power Suspense account M isoellaneous DOMINION LANDS AGENCIES. Battleford Brandon Calgary Dauphin Edmonton Kstevan Humboldt Kamloops Leth bridge Moosejaw New Westminster Prince Albert Red Deer Regina. Winnipeg Yorkton 1'ROWN TIMBER AGENCIES. Battleford Brandon T'algary Dauphin Kdmonton Estevan Humboldt Lethbridge Moosejaw New Westminster Prince Albert Red Deer Regina Winnipeg Yorkton 10,524 70 5,282 01 51 50 400 00 17,555 22 134 00 127,355 50 70,504 05 70 25 1P2 50 0,198 97 17,925 42 90 00 15 00 1,543 38 2,500 00 407 OK 11 00 200,737 10 00,009 35 10,004 39 95.224 90 11,709 54 100,082 32 17,730 56 35,148 41 12,254 62 371.060 03 74,923 40 3,446 3o 23,383 87 57,01.5 28 52,175 45 18,503 56 39,800 00 990,381 98 106 95 774 27 36,657 55 9,305 95 86,61 Ki 03 75 82 65 716 84 201 35 192,128 88 39,841 86 190 20 224 50 88,639 25 576 69 456,053 72 560 Mil 71,0 00 3,254 53 1,760 00 1.282 29 1J99 58 78,403 61 4,871 23 160 00 260,737 lo 61,229 35 11.364 39 95,224 90 11,709 54 106,082 32 17,730 56 35,148 41 15,509 15 372,820 03 76,205 09 3,446 30 24,583 45 57,665 28 130,639 06 23,374 79 39,960 00 92,311 24 : 1.082.693 22 456,053 72 Douiymy LAyDs 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 A. — Dominion Lands "Revenue (cash and scrip) for the fiscal period ended March 31, 1908.— Continued. Agencies. Cash. Scrip. Total Rocky Mountains Park Survey fees Patent fees and interchange fees Map sales, office fees, &c $ cts. 27,232 87 516 75 140, S55 35 768 50 6,467 50 690 00 3,348 05 43,211 78 4,842 45 28,154 26 1,270 93 1,741 42 682 77 978 35 29,844 11 29 73 140 78 271 52 291,047 12 1,998,219 92 114,600 04 8 cts. $ Cts 27,232 87 516 75 140,855 35 768 50 1,048 01 6,467 50 690 00 Mining fees Grazing lands . 3,348 05 47,259 79 4.842 45 Coal lands . Stone quarries ...... Dredging leases 28,154 26 1,270 93 1,741 42 682 77 978 35 29,844 11 29 73 Rent of water power 140 78 271 52 4,048 01 295,095 13 Refunds 96,359 25 480 00 95,879 25 2,094,579 17 115,080 04 1,883,619 88 1.979,499 13 Department of the Interior, Accounts Branch, Ottawa, July 15, 1908. P. MARC HAND, Acting Accountant. B. — Statement of Ordnance Lands Revenue for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1908. Month. Amount. 1907— April $ 676 52 " May 483 82 June 2,269 01 " July 1,365 54 " August 280 20 " September 1,080 24 October 437 39 " November 399 13 " December 91 86 1908— January 852 63 " February 399 80 " March 338 81 Total $ 8,674 95 P. MARCHAND, Department of the Interior,, Acting Accountant. Accounts Branch, OttawAi July 15, 1908. 78 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 SCHOOL LANDS. C. — Statement of Receipts on account of School Lands for the fiscal year ended .March 31, 1908. Month. Manitoba School Lands. 1907 April S cts. 6,137 89 \l'av 22, 156 86 June 32,944 12 July 4K.122 15 August 45,282 45 September -4,210 04 October 211,037 95 November 101,494 16 December 45,073 70 1908. January 11,964 64 February 13,288 38 March.: 8,421 G6 Saskatche- wan School Lands. Transfer to Alberta School Lands of amount wrongly credited to Saskatchewan School Lands in 1906- 1907 368,134 00 S cts. 12,252 59 25,454 36 28,323 08 33,034 05 7,513 95 15,205 99 21.S.VJ 43 32,987 42 15,845 44 6,054 36 7,339 96 10,865 04 Alberta Soh< »<>1 Lands. Total." S cts. 6,174 16 3,509 30 1.728 50 2,092 39 1,632 65 6,519 65 15,393 11 35,610 70 31,041 50 I ■5 cts. 24,564 64 51,120 52 (£. 995 70 S3.248 59 54,429 05 25,935 68 66,283 49 170,092 28 91,960 64 7.422 96 25,441 96 4,816 60 25,444 94 7,241 64 j 26.528 34 211',. 728 67 25 60 368,134 00 216,703 07 123,183 16 25 Co 123,208 76 708,045 a? 708,045 83 Department of the Interior, Accounts Branch, Ottawa, July 15, P. MARCHAND. Acting Accountant. 1908. D. — Statement of Registration Fees for ths fisca' year ended March 31, 1908. District. Registrar. Total. •North Alberta. . Yukon Territory . . . . i feo. Roy . . . . . .1. E. Girouard $ cts. 100 00 2,156 65 2,256 65 * Revenue collect. -d pri \ Lous to 8th September, 1906. Department of the Interior, Accounts Branch, Ottawa, July 15, 1908. P. MARCHAND, Acting Accountant, DOMIXIOX LANDS 79 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 125 E. — Statement of Fines Collected under the Immigration Act for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1908. 11107. August . . September . October . . . Dr. A. S. Monroe re S. S. Jaurequiberry Dr. G. L. Milne re S. S. Wangard f E. R. Stephan re N. Y. & K. Co E. B. Marvin & Co. re S. S. Indiana . . . S ots. 400 00 350 00 900 00 1,650 00 Department of the Interior, Accounts Branch, Ottawa, July 15, 1908. P. MARCHAND, Acting Accountant. F. — Statement of Casual Revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1908. Name. W mmpeg. Immigration Com J. T. Lithgow . . Howard Douglas James White J. B. "Harkin F. T. Congdon .1. M. Macoun J. A. Bannerman D. J. McDonald Dr. J. E. Woodman Hon. Frank Oliver Otto J. Klotz Dr. W. L. Ellis E. .1. O'Connell •Tames White Grand Trunk Railway Co. Alex. Ayotte Kilroy, Morgan & Co. . . A. F. Jury J. B. Cha'llies F. T. Congdon Geo. L. Dempster Immigration Com., Winnipeg, Particulars, Tents sold by J. K. Buim .' Unclaimed tstates in the Yukon Territory Refund of overpayment to C. H. Deutchman Refund acct. travelling expenses ii travelling expenses .. travelling expenses M expenses Proceeds sale of team of horses .. Refund acct. expenses re Genelle vs. The King Refund travelling expenses ■ i travelling expenses ■i travelling expenses H expenses ii expenses M expenses ■ I of double payments for freight .1 of salary 15 to 31 Aug., 11105, not used. „ of overcharge on towels re Vancouver Hospital Proceeds sale of old bonus forms. Refund acct. travelling expenses ■ i travelling expenses Proceeds sale of old office furniture of sheaves of barley to D. Wood ii ii ii of hard tack by C. W. Speers Public Works Dept Refund acct. freight paid G. T. Ry. Co., Royal Observatory A. R. Wade Refund acct. travelling expenses G. R. Lancofield ' h travelling expenses C. A. Bigger K. M. Ogilvie C. A. Bigger K. O'Kelly A. D. L.,Calgarv J. W. E. Darby ' Miss Sarah Doyle Markham & Dracup W. A. J. Baker W. S. Davis trigonometrical surveys of 1006 travelling expenses trigonometrical surveys of 1906 travelling expenses of cheque re extinguishing fire not used . . travelling expenses of cheque acct. services re Doukhobors. . . of cheque acct. livery re Doukhobor pilgrimage ... services and expenses re insane in Kee- watin services and expenses re insane in Kee- watin. Amount. $ cts. !) 25 ,363 54 71 25 21 95 57 20 141 95 125 00 20 75 5 10 450 00 16 76 50 00 11 10 10 00 1 11 41 13 60 00 2 13 30 65 25 8 00 3 00 29 50 3 91 46 45 25 00 491 23 24 31 2 99 50 85 100 00 42 48 20 00 2 00 20 00 14 00 80 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR i 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 F. — Statement of Casual Revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1908. — Con. Name. Particulars. Immigration Comr., Winnipeg. ... » A. E. Rogers railway fare .1 \V. E. Darby n of Dom. Lands cheque No. 17432 of Aug. 29, 1900, not used Immigration Comr., Winnipeg Proceeds saleof fittings, &c, of old Selkirk Hall Imperial Government Share of Alaska Boundary Arbitration Refunds. Casual R penue, Northivest Territories. Hudson's Bay Co Liquor permit . . . S K. and L. McL 1 Supt. J. I). Moodie Inspr. E. A. Pelletier Robert Kane .1. McKay Hudson's Bay Co. Fine for taking liquor into North west Ter- ritories Liquor permit F. Fisher Hudson's B;n I '" Casual Btvenue, Relief Advances. 1876. Relief mortgages 1894 Seed grain advances 1896 190U. 1901 . „ . 1906 Refunds 8 00 16 00 29 25 4 00 4 00 5 00 2 00 2 00 25 00 2 00 28 00 30 00 2 00 2 00 83 00 6 00 2,554 44 34 85 1.503 31 1,812 19 425 10 51 98 1,018 42 4,233 53 Amount. •* cts. 1 -' 100 00 72 00 13,789 94 S17.260 34 18 75 SI 7,247 59 248 25 2,519 59 9.H44 53 29,059 96 P. MARCH AND, Acting Accountant. Department of the Interior, Accounts Branch. Ottawa, July 15, 1908. G. — Statement showing Seed Grain and Relief Mortgages for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1908. • G -p o at 4^ 3C mtfl, X o o — oo 00 30 73 «" o S3 rH O 0 _ 5 ~ "C — °°" cf = i = 8 *3 3 - -J 2 a s *3 g a t '3 = ■gi 'gi —> > 1% ~3 r < -3 ■r. ■s3 03 ^3 s. 1 < m -J. ■°3 $ cts. 4; ft a $ cts. % Cts. S cts. Sets. S cts. S cts. % Cts. $ cts. S cts. 4,336 31 1,062 97 52 )■". 446 94 1,820 13 1,907 88 790 7!. 973 00 1.503 31 12,899 84 Refunds. 102 78 44 55 47 21 84 19 38 9S 69 27 33 f.-J 15 374 19 1,233 53 1,018 42 r.l us 425 10 1,806 75 1,812 19 703 46 910 91 1.503 31 12,525 65 Department of the Interior, Accounts Branch, Ottawa, July 15, 1908. P. MARCHAND, Acting Accountant. DOM I \ m\T LANDS 81 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 00 o § -a s ■v c e o S o Q 03 S5 K S j3 E- "< H 50 t- r -o c c co:i-r pUB spiIB'I JO pUlldJJ ■s.i.h.[ iCaAjng re :r t:i::h so :imm;o ■«owi nnxoo • © o ao ^ ,-< ^H T-* to o lH •eaaj £ipuug 'sasjf <»iJJO 'sa^s dvj^ r- c — — Is- — r~ — uo XVX JIOc-;©©ooo X i-l i- X CO X f i." CO I- CO -f iHClOO (MO os cn !35,956 77,147 84,117 OS OS — o MCO coco" OS OS ^ m t— i X :j cl N co 5. t-h co" CO X rH COOl OS X CO rH H x -r *os r^. xco o co t-x O O (M I CO co x co i o*. -*©al. Total. 1907 ■ t-. cts. - eta cts. April May . . June. July . Augi^t September October. . . November. December January February Much. . . . 1908. Total 12 00 12 00 6 00 2 00 4 00 12 CO 2 00 12 50 8 00 2 00 13 50 S3 10 169 52 173 m 2,034 26 1,067 21 276 20 .144 54 83 11 78 13 68 35 142 63 338 30 96 41 4,862 32 495 00 298 16 226 25 296 33 720 60 352 28 306 00 31 01 099 50 50 00 228 90 3.704 03 676 52 483 82 2,266 51 1,365 54 2S-I 20 1.077 74 437 39 396 63 89 36 850 13 390 30 33S 81 8,652 95 JOS. P. DUNNE, Clerk in Charge of Ordnance and Admiralty Lands Branch. i DOMINION LANDS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 D. — Money due by Purchasers and Tenants up to March 31, 1908. 87 Locality. Rent or Interest. Principal. Total. Beaver Harbour Burlington Beach .... Carillon Chambly $ cts. 6 00 240 00 5 00 256 62 9 66 32 78 50 92 00 393 96 56 08 100 00 51 00 25 2,903 08 40 50 11 60 1 00 1 00 30 00 2 00 1,397 00 1 00 780 00 4 00 18 67 71 40 $ cts. 347 00 23 00 38 40 $ cts. 6 00 240 00 5 00 603 62 32 66 71 18 Elmsley 50 92 00 Grand Falls Longueuil 1,201 90 50 96 1,595 86 107 04 100 00 Oromocto 51 00 25 Ottawa 2,903 06 40 50 11 60 Oxford 1 00 1 00 30 00 Shelburne Sorel St. Croix River Toronto Township of Tay Turkey Point 52,000 00 2 00 1,397 00 1 00 52,780 00 4 00 18 67 Wolford 71 40 6,505 10 53,661 26 60,166 36 JOS. P. DUNNE, Clerk in Charge of Ordnance and Admiralty Lawis Branch. No. 30. REPORT OF THE REGISTRAR OF CORRESPONDENCE. Department of the Interior, Correspondence Registration Branch, Ottawa, May 11, 190S. W. W. Cory, Esq., Deputy Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to place before you statement ' A ' showing the number of letters filed during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1908, and the amount of money received, registered and sent to the accountant; also statement 'B' showing the num- ber of letters and the amount of money received during each fiscal year from 1900 to March 31, 1908. Your obedient servant, J. M. ROBERTS, Chief Clerk. DEPARTMENT OF THE [XTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 A. — Statement showing the Number of Letters received and recorded and the Money received during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1908. ■April May June July August September. October . . . November December January February .March- . - 1!M>7 1908. Total Letters Received. 14,250 13,410 16,630 17,180 17,116 15,302 14,100 15.123 16,820 lti,025 15,500 16,232 187,688 Daily Average. Registered Letters Received. Sent. 570 536 665 661 658 638 542 605 673 641 620 650 794 ' '.'.<: SI I.", 888 !I46 784 936 998 '.'.-.7 1,019 1,315 95S 3,271 3,177 2,615 2,511 2,966 2,529 3,988 3,652 3.004 3,115 3,670 Money Received. S cts, 150.13r, 65 99,225 94 142,635 47 206,14s 83 77,116 88 86,489 43 87,207 06 319,082 32 185,821 63 S6.247 19 44,685 40 73,433 52 11.097 - ::7.--'70 ; 1,558,230 32 Department of the Interior, Correspondence Registration Branch, Ottawa, May 11, 1908. M. ROBERTS. Chief Clerk B. — Statement showing the Number of Letters received and recorded and the Money received during each fiscal vear from 1900 to March 31, 1908. Fiscal Year. Letters Received and Recorded 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 (nine months) 1908 48,663 67,860 67,722 87,861 113,074 135,908 170.729 150,462 187,684 Money Received. ¥ cts. 200,S31 71 333.534 02 382,999 87 629,586 47 630,355 44 628,219 76 875,933 54 1.337.780 94 1,558,230 32 Dkpartment of the Interior, Correspondence Registration Branch, Ottawa. May 11, 1908 J. M. ROBERTS, Chief Clerk. DOUIXIOX LANDS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 No. 31. REPORT OF THE SCHOOL LANDS BRANCH. Department of the Interior, School Lands Branch, Ottawa, July 14, 1908. W. W. Cory, Esq., Deputy Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the business of the School Lands Branch of the department for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1908. sales. In consequence of the success of the series of auction sales of school lands held in Manitoba during the autumn of 1900. it was decided to hold another series in the following spring. These lands had been previously valued by Inspectors Ingram and Potts, and sales were accordingly held at a number of points in Manitoba after they had been well advertised, both through the newspapers and by means of posters. The result of the sales was as follows : — Place of Sain. Pilot Mound Manitou Somerset ... Holland Carman l'ortage la Prairie McGregor C'arberry Neepawa Gladstone Gimli Winnipeg Total . Date of Sale. May I >. June 1907 28.. «!.. 4 . 6. . 8.. 11.. 13.. 15.. 18.. 20.. 25. 28 . Area in acres sold. 7,499 5,226 5,088 2,616 16,637 6,505 2,240 640 3,021 4,399 3,854 28,182 16 ■45 •39 •38 33 52 •36 00 00 •52 '87 •22 86,511 50 Amount realized $ cts. 74,712 72 48,513 46 56,212 25 20,461 16 160,977 54 56,422 64 17,922 52 4,480 00 28,636 00 37,992 02 40,797 96 355,496 44 902,624 71 Average price per acre. cts. 9 96 9 21 9 88 7 82 9 67 8 67 8 00 7 00 9 44 8 63 9 48 12 61 10 42 As it was found in the case of several parcels offered at the Winnipeg and Gimli sales that the land was more or less timbered, it was made a condition of these particular sales that, the purchaser would have to take out a permit to remove the timber from the land subject to the payment of the usual dues, but that the amount so received would be applied on the purchase price of the land, the object being to prevent the purchaser stripping the land of valuable timber and then abandoning the sale after paying possibly only the first instalment. While it was not considered advisable to hold any general auction sales during the following autumn, it was decided, in consequence of the number of applications received for school lands in the vicinity of Russell and Rossburn, to hold auction 90 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR \ 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 sales at these points, and after the lands had been duly valued sales were held with the following- results : — Place of .S;,!,.. 1 >ate of Sale. Area in acres sold. Amount realized. Average price per acre. Knssell Rossburn 1907. November 5. . . . 9.114 00 7,136 20 $ cts. 90,668 05 69,865 22 S cts. 9 95 9 79 Total 10,150 20 160,933 27 9 87 The total area sold at public auction during the fiscal year in the province of Manitoba was 102,761-50 acres for $1,063,157.98, an average price of $10.35 per acre. In addition to this there were a number of small sales to railway companies for right of way and other purposes of the railway, comprising 329 -77 acres for $3,701.96, or an average of $11.22 per acre. Upon the recommendation of the Honourable Mr. Motherwell, Commissioner of Agriculture for Saskatchewan, it had been decided to hold auction sales of school lands at Abernethy and Esterhazy in that province during the autumn of 1907, and the lands were valued and the necessary arrangements made for the sale. In view, however, of the unfavourable season, and of the unusual financial string- ency, it was found necessary to postpone them, and in consequence no general auction sales were held in that province during the fiscal year. Several small parcels were, however, sold for school sites, and upon the applica- tion of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, and as they agreed to pay one-half the expenses in connection with the sale, section 11, in township 25, range 5 west of the 3rd meridian, and the northeast quarter of section 29, in township 39, range 27 west of the 3rd meridian, were put up at public auction after being advertised in the usual way. The first mentioned parcel, section 11, in township 25, range 5 west of the 3rd meridian, was put up at Davidson on Ojtober 13, 1907, ani wis sold for $13,2)00, or an average price of $20.62, and ths njrthaast quarter of saction 29, in township 39, range 27 west of the 3rd meridian, was sold at Battleford for $25 per acre, half the expenses being paid by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company as previously arranged. As an evidence of the keenness of the competition at some of the sales, I may quote that of a parcel of three acres of land near Humboldt, which was offered in order to afford the board of school trustees an opportunity of acquiring it, and which was put up at an upset price of $7 per acre and sold at $501 per acre. The total area sold by public auction in the province during the fiscal year was 806 acres for $18,724.75, an average price of $15.21 per acre. There were 5S2 -44 acres sold under the Railway Act to the railway companies for right of way and other purposes of the railway for $7,604.98, an average of $13.06 per acre. DOMINION LANDS 91 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 In Alberta, auction sales were held at Calgary and Cardston on November 13, 1907, with the following results : — Place of Sale. Date of Sale. Area in acres sold. Amount realized. Average price per acre. Calgary . . Cardston . . . Total 1907. November 13 16 ... 4,779 52 5,261 33 10,010 85 $ cts. 41,106 09 55,958 54 97,065 23 S cts. 8 06 10 62 9 34 Several small parcels were also sold for school sites and cemetery purposes. The total area sold at auction in the province during the fiscal year was 10,057 -So acres for $97,134.23, or an average price of $9.66 per acre. In addition to this, 180 -94 acres were sold to railway companies, under the Rail- way Act for right of way and other purposes of the railway for the. sum of $2,350.85, an average of $12.99 per acre. The total area sold by public auction during the fiscal year in the three provinces was 113,625 -35 acres for $1,179,016.96, an average price of $10.38 per acre. In addition to this. 1,093 -15 acres were sold in the three provinces to railway com- panies, under the provisions of the Eailway Act, for right of way and other purposes of the railway for the sum of $13,657.79, or an average price of $12.50 per acre, making the total area disposed of 114,712-07 acres, for $1,192,615.85, or an average price of $10.40 per acre. LEASES. The number of grazing leases issued during the current year was as follows : — Manitoba 23 Saskatchewan • • 226 Alberta 162 Total 411 The total revenue from grazing leases during the same period was as follows: — Manitoba $1,717 75 Saskatchewan ' 8,518 10 Alberta 10,887 47 Seventeen leases were issued for coal mining purposes during the fiscal year, all of which were in Alberta. The revenue from coal leases was as follows: — Saskatchewan $1,160 82 Alberta 3,303 02 Appended hereto are three statements, lettered ' A,' ' B,' and ' C,' showing the total net revenue, duly classified, from all sources during the fiscal year, from school lands in the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta respectively, and showing separately the revenue collected at head office and at the different agencies. It will be seen from these statements that the gross revenue received at head office from the school lands in the three provinces during the fiscal year was $672,025.39, and at the agencies $37,048.69. making a gross total of $709,074.08, or, after deducting all refunds, a net total of $703,692.99. 92 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR i 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Statement ' D,' hereto appended, shows the revenue collected from school lands by :i'h agency during the fiscal year. Statements ' E,' ' F,* and 'G5 show the revenue and expenditure for each province, and the balance standing to its credit on the 1st of April, 1008, the balance being as follows : — Manitoba $1,935,791 84 Saskatchewan 736,703 75 Alberta 369,763 4:: These figures represent only the principal moneys collected on account of sales. all revenue from other sources, after deducting the cost of management, having been paid over at the end of the fiscal year to the governments of the three province?. The amount so paid to the provinces for the past fiscal year was as follows: — Manitoba $59,038 14 Saskatchewan 51,053 25 Alberta 43,633 93 In addition to the above amounts the following sums were paid to the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta by the Finance Department, being the interest on the school lands funds, namely: to Manitoba, $69,147.25; Saskatchewan, $32,352.23; Alberta, $16,392.17, making the total sum paid to each province as follows: — Manitoba $128,185 39 Saskatchewan 83,405 48 Alberta 60,026 10 The revenue for the past fiscal year shows a slight falling off as compared with that for the prvious fiscal period ending March 31, 1907, being $703,692.99, as against $721,864.S8 for the previous year. This is chiefly due to the fact that owing to the partial failure of last seasoivs crop, and the fnancial stringency, many purchasers were unable to meet their instalments, and also owing to the same cause fewer auction sales were held. The business of the branch, however, continues to increase in volume, as applica- tions to purchase and lease school lands become more numerous each year. The following is a statement of the clerical work of the School Lands Branch for the past fiscal year: — Letters received 9,955 Letters sent 18,682 Notices, statements of accounts, &e 6,000 Leases prepared and issued 428 Cultivation permits 26 Receipts issued 2,542 Accounts kept posted 8,75S Assignments registered 192 I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, FRANK S. CHECKLEY, Chief Clerk. DOMINION LANDS 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 EC •" S 8 o o 2 5o 2 h c io t-h ao ec »oso act- c-f 3 2 g cpa OS CT X OS CI 06 S °° S ^ t" = S r - , - T i Off. O CO IN co I -1 ^-1 ox 1 JO (M I ■* CI coco l-MOVOiCH«C WWf ONCOMOfl OS O •— il';ni-W»-'® TNONfflONt-r- O f-T co co ■*? co" oo t-^ cf ww-rv cm as tp cox ! i-i O ps CO -* CO OC so CO CO CO fc- co co "■J* so so co a en as OOH»R'XHM'J NU1W O r-1 H«L- I t-t- SO O ■"*■ b- f" HMOHica^i SO SO I - 00 O CO CO t fCMONMO' X SO X — CO CO «B iH ,050 CO OS CO I <-< ■* t^©~t« i so*"o 5.-1.111 2 g-S •a ai Ji •" « 94 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 M — X X IC •; N K r: -r X © -r oooo O ■* x n — ic 00 B - -* OS. ?i -r © 01 ci X u3 i>- .-; X i - © © t^ « x X io »o «-h o6 t- « cy cn ci -*• CI CO co © x co .— -v o it. © CO X ^r t - c. ci :- »;: gs co x © t^o — © © IQ a: X ! as — t- -r © CJ CO t^ t- © r- T X K I', T H CI ffi © ec »— © © C fc- © c« i-h sc to • a «-< i-i" — " ©" o N X CO © -r — x t W © f-H t- C SO t - ' ". © O »- CO X .-I lOCOC ■— © CV I- -T 01 - O in Tf © OO CD 1COT I cd -r © © in ^-» t>. r-TcC? 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CO CO ^ co ; CO S£ ^e0O3 - - e — ■ 5 . 0 0 1 ° f. . iH *""* — . rt . — 1 1 *" i i0 Ci't^X-tl.l'- ■z: r: r >— ' C: 0 0 0 ■ 0 0 H 0 -t-j y HC CS "t* r-t CM CO Ol c tTN cr • ~ CO O 1- • t^ «> . l- t-. ] f *> CC 1-1 J- 01 PPSQO C 0; O t-O O ~h ^^ ^-1 ,_( rH i r. •/ 0 m fi c k f e- CO' -f - CO ■ CO ■ CO 01 in m : . CO 0 • 0 • 0 c c ' a - /. r- ?i - r. x c tc co co r- X X X i-1 0 • OS ; l- 1- f r- r. c 0 « — r co t~ • l^ t-o 00 w • 00 ■ X "~ t^ '• co -f rJ" c r CO co co" «f : CO . X 01 0 : 0 " r-* CM ': CO "** i ^ : 1 s: t- . b- b- : : >» • CD 13 _ ~ rz J ?i 3 X S X g 3 3 5 0 .2 .2 -*3 35 -^* — _= t- ad ' • — n 1 § 0 O ' ■ J=x 0 q aj 0 5 s ^J 0 3 _3 <; - 4) Li a C O CD — C >■ O 1 £ a — 1- !i - PC f. "E c '-I la u CO "& CD I! cc CO (b II c e 05 w o M - d X 3 O D f SB Id a. 02 96 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR i 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 STATEMENT D. School Lands Revenue collected through Dominion Lands Agencies during the fiscal year ending March 31. 1908. Sales. Total. 2 r ■^ ."^ rt c > Z '3 J- 6 Grazing. Timber. Hay. Coal. Agem Principal. Interest Total. { ots. 359 12 1,611 70 8,432 45 § cts. 74 65 234 48 2,862 82 "335 75 806 79 433 77 1,846 24 11,295 27 1,428 70 1,410 16 S cts. 7 75 10 00 S cts. 219 86 187 10 349 50 253 79 062 S6 180 60 322 07 303 62 451 07 310 49 2,554 35 1,615 08 451 26 175 70 $ cts. 2,446 78 115 25 9 25 01 20 42 25 11 25 '513 85 S LtS. 784 00 300 10 $ cts. t cts. 3,884 41 2,448 69 11.9S2 22 782 09 2.79.'. 21 1.96S 16 679 02 Brandon.. 329 7o 528 30 ' . . . . 694 40. 316 20 . . . . 304 70 321 50 165 30! 210 60 .... 35 50 181 80 304 00 102 25 344 20 293 60 454 69 97 02 Regina Yorkton Prince Albeit 1,092 95 603 37 Battleford 625 12 Humboldt 322 78 322 75 1 25 13 25 939 12 521 09 2 772 90 Calgary Edmonton 1,792 27 124 15 97 00 1,068 24 131 85 1 00 2,860 51 256 00 98 on 4,953 09 1,345 06 1.352 51 14,435 82 5,515 58 19,951 40 32 25 S,037 35 3,199 83 5,153 19 674 07 37,048 69 Department of the Interior, School Lwds Branvh. Ottawa, June 10, 1908. FRANK S. CHECKLEY, C/i iff dork. STATEMENT E. Revenue and Expenditure on account of Manitoba School Lands ended March 31, 1908. for the fiscal year Particulars, Bv balance on April 1, 11107 By sales By cultivation permits By timber, hay, grazing, etc By interest on fund By interest on fund Ti ' ci 1st of management at Ottawa To salaries, printing, advertising, etc. . . . To interest on fund paid to Manitoba Government To interest and revenue paid to Manitoba Government To interest on fund, paid Manitoba Go- vernment . To balance on March 31, 1908 Period. 12 months to March 31, 1908. On account 9 months to March 31, 1908.. 12 months to March 31, 1908. cts. I In account 12 months to March 31, 1908 9 months to March 31, l'.HiS. . 1,395 83 10,124 81 28,000 00 59,038 14 41,147 25 1,935,791 84 2,075,4!C s; Cr. S cts. 1,640,689 70 360,041 71 170 25 5,448 90 28,000 00 41,147 25 2,075,497 87 Department of the Interior, School Lands Branch, Ottawa, June 10, 1908. FRANK S CHECKLEY, Chief Clerk. DOMINION LANDS 97 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 STATEMENT F. Revenue and Expenditure on account of Saskatchewan School Lands for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1908. Particulars. By balance on April 1, 1907 By sales By cultivation permits By timber, hay, grazing, coal, etc.. By interest on fund By interest on fund By interest on fund. To cost of management at Ottawa To salaries, printing, advertising, etc . . . To interest on fund paid to Saskatchewan Government To interest on fund paid to Saskatchewan Government Period. 12 months to March 31, 190H. 12 months to June 30, 15107 Amount short paid to June 30, 1907 12 months to March 31, 1908. . . To interest on fund paid to Saskatchewan Government To interest and revenue paid to Saskat- chewan Government ... . To balance on March 31, 190S 12 months to June 30, 1907 Amount short paid to June 30, 1907 12 months to March 31, 1908. Dr. cts. 1,395 83 5,668 92 16,203 34 42 37 16,106 52 51,053 25 736,703 75 827,173 98 Cr. S cts. 579,438 39 203,362 09 86 40 11,934 87 16,203 34 42 37 16,106 52 827.173 98 Department op the Interior, School Lands Branch, Ottawa, June 10, 1908. FRANK S. CHECKLEY, Chief Cl-rk. STATEMENT G. Revenue and Expenditure on account of Alberta School Lands for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1908. Particulars. Period. By balance on April 1, 1907 By sales By cultivation permits By timber, hay, grazing, coal, etc By interest on fund By interest on fund To cost of management at Ottawa To salaries, printing, advertising, etc. . . . To interest on fund paid to Alberta Go- vernment To interest and revenue paid to Alberta Government To intere-t on fund paid to Alberta Go- vernment To balance on March 31, 190S 12 months to March 31, 1908.. 12 months to June 30, 1907 9 months to March 31, 1908. . . 12 months to March 31, 1908.. 12 months to June 30, 1907. . 12 months to March 31, 1908. 9 months to March 31, 1908.. Dr, S cts. 1,395 84 6,828 97 8,615 56 43,633 93 7,776 61 309,703 43 Cr. $ cts. 298,973 40 106,671 73 17 75 15,959 29 8,615 56 7.776 61 438,014 34 438,014 34 Department of the Interior, School Lands Branch, Ottawa, June 10. 1908. 25— i— 7 FRANK S. CHECKLEY, Chief Clerk. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 No. 32. REPORT OF THE CORRESPONDENCE MAILING OFFICE. Department of the Interior, Correspondence Comparing and Mailing Office, Ottawa. May 18, 190S. W. W. Cory, Esq., Deputy Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you herewith a statement showing in part the work done in the comparing and mailing office of the Department of the Interior during the fiscal year ending March 31, 1908. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant CHAS. C. PELLETLER, Clerk in Charge. Statement of the work done in the Comparing and Mailing Room during the fiscal year ending Match 31, 1908. From April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908. Letters sent. 1907. April. ..... May June July August . September Octol"'i November December 19(18. January. February March Total for fiscal year ending March 31, 1908. 24,730 26,320 23,659 25,655 22,641 23,246 25,317 23,630 22,600 24,959 23,102 25,261 Registered letters sent. 291.02C 3.271 3,177 2,615 2,511 2,966 2,529 :;.: in the North Atlantic Pilot charts, published monthly, by the United States Hydro - graphic Office, were prepared and a small preliminary edition printed. These charts showed conclusively that the number of days in each and every month in the year in which fog may be expected on the New York route is much greater than in the same month and in the same longitude on the Canadian route. These charts were defective inasmuch as they did not show the fog data for the Belleisle route except in the immediate vicinity of (he strait, but since my return, the Director of the British Meteorological Office, London, has courteously had this information compiled so that it is now possible to compile complete ' fog ' charts of the routes from Great Britain to the Atlantic ports of Canada and to New York. Having completed the work on which I was engaged, I left London December 13, arriving in Ottawa on the 21st. On January 19, I left for Washington to procure information respecting the disputed boundary between Labrador and Canada. While in Washington I examined in the library of Congress, upwards of two hundred maps and made notes respecting the information contained in them that bore directly or indirectly upon the subject of my mission. Much information that will be valuable in the preparation of the case for submission to the tribunal, was obtained but much remains to be done and the 1 DOMINION LANDS 101 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 work cannot be considered to be complete till the maps in that great storehouse, the British Museum, have been examined. During the past year 4,036 letters were received and 4,322 sent out, also 98,548 maps were received and S0,781 sent out. I have the honour to be, sir, Tour obedient servant, JAMES WHITE, Geographer. MAPS PUBLISHED. Railway map of the Dominion of Canada and Newfoundland, eight sheets, each 25 inches by 2(3 inches; extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Maryland and Oregon on the south, to Cumberland sound and Herschell island, on the north. Scale, 35 miles to 1 inch. Price, mounted with rollers, $3. Dominion of Canada and Newfoundland, railway edition, 16 inches by 36 inches. Scale, 100 miles to 1 inch. Dominion of Canada. Scale, 58 miles to 1 inch. Relief map of Canada. Scale, 100 miles to 1 inch. Resource map of Canada. Scale, 100 miles to 1 inch. Water-power map, average rainfall at principal points in Canada. Scale, 100 miles to 1 inch. National Transcontinental Railway map, shows route of the National Transconti- nental Railway, Moncton to Pacific. Scale, 100 miles to 1 inch. Explorations in northern Canada and adjacent portions of Greenland and Alaska. Scale, 75 miles to 1 inch. Rocky Mountains — Banff sheet — contoured map of mountains in the vicinity of Banff. Scale, 2 miles to 1 inch. Rocky Mountains — Lake Louise sheet — contoured map of mountains in the vicin- ity of Laggan and Field. Scale, 2 miles to 1 inch. Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and southwestern portion of Keewatin; three sheets, each 25 inches by 36 inches. Scale, 12J miles to 1 inch. Index map showing townships in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, plans of which have been printed. Scale, 35 miles to 1 inch. General map of the northwestern part of the Dominion of Canada. Edition of lSl'S. In 2 sheets. Scale, 35 miles to 1 inch. Map showing railways in Manitoba, Alberta and Saskatchewan. Scale, 35 miles to 1 inch. Manitoba. Scale, 12J miles to 1 inch. Regina land district. Scale, 12J miles to 1 inch. Red Deer land district. Scale, 12J miles to 1 inch. Calgary land district. Scale, 12A miles to 1 inch. Estevan land district. Scale, 12A miles to 1 inch. Winnipeg land district. Scale, 12J miles to 1 inch. Lethbridge land district. Scale, 12A miles to 1 inch. Edmonton land district. Scale, 12J miles to 1 inch. Dauphin land district. Scale, 12J miles to 1 inch. Yorkton land district. Scale, 12J miles to 1 inch. Prince Albert land district. Scale, 12* miles to 1 inch. Battleford land district. Scale, 12J miles to 1 inch. Moosejaw land district. Scale, 12J miles to 1 inch. Brandon land district. Scale, 12J miles to 1 inch. 102 DEPARTMENT OF THE n'TERWR i 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Peace River district — Northern Alberta — includes the country between Wetaskiwin and Lake Athabaska, and between Athabaska river and the eastern boundaryof British Columbia. Scale, %ooooo or 12 :63 miles to 1 inch. Map showing electoral divisions (for provincial legislature > in southern Saskat- chewan. Scale, 12J miles to 1 inch. Map showing electoral divisions (for provincial legislature) in southern Alberta. Scale, 12J miles to 1 inch. Map showing all the even-numbered sections patented to January 1, 1908, and all even-numbered sections homesteaded and unpatented or finally allotted to railway com- panies to that date, in Manitoba. Saskatchewan and Alberta. 3 sheets. Scale, 12J miles to 1 inch. Odd-section map — Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta — shows odd-numbered sec- tions in these provinces that have been alienated as railway land grants, &c. Scale, 12 jr miles to 1 inch. British Columbia ' Railway Belt ' map. including- the ' Railway Belt ' and the portion of the province lying south of it. Scale, %ooo r 7*89 miles to 1 inch. British Columbia Railway Belt Homestead map — includes southern portion of the province between longitude 116° and 123° W. Shows lands in the 'railway belt' that have been alienated by homesteading, sale. &c. Scale, ih «>. or 7-89 miles to 1 inch. Southeastern Alaska and portion of British Columbia. Edition of 1897. Scale, Southeastern Alaska and portion of British Columbia, sh iwing award of Alaska Boundary tribunal, October 20, 1903. Scale, %60000. Yukon — extends from Lynn canal on the south, to Eagle on the north, and from the Pacific to the Frances river. Scale. Vn or 11-82 miles to 1 inch. White. Alsek and Kluane rivers district, southwestern Yukon. Si-alo. ]i or 6 '31 miles to 1 inch. Timiskaming sheet, Pontiac county, Quebec and Nipissing district, Ontario. Scale, V oo, or 11-83 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 1 S.W. Ontario — Windsor sheet — Essex, Kent and Lambton and portions of Elgin. -Middlesex and Huron counties. Scale. . , 3-95 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 1 S.E. Ontario — London sheet — Norfolk, Oxford, Brant and portions of Elgin, Middlesex, Huron. Perth. Waterloo and Wentworth counties. Scale, $650 or 3 '95 miles to 1 inch. Sheets 1 X.W. and 1 X.E. Ontario — Guelph sheet — Wellingti a, Grey, Bruce and portions of Huron, Perth, Waterloo, Halton, Dufferin and Simcoe counties. Scale. or 3-95 miles to 1 inch. Sheel 2 S.W. Ontario — Hamilton sheet — Lincoln. Welland, Haldimand and por- tions of Wentworth and Halton counties. Scale. !&>0000, or 3-95 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 2 X.W. and 9 S.W. (part) Ontario^Toronto and Muskoka sheet — Peel. York, Ontario and Victoria and portions of Halton, Simcoe, Dufferin, Muskoka, Parry Sound. Halliburton, Durham and Peterborough. Scale. '■■- on 3 '95 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 9 X.W. — Timiskaming sheet — includes the country between Lake Nipissing and the height of land. Scale. ^50000, or 3-95 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 13 includes whole of New Brunswick, with exception of Madawaska and portions of Westmoreland and Albert counties. Scale, %ooooo, or 7-89 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 15 — Cape Breton island and portions of Antigonish and Guysborough coun- . N.S. Scale, %soooo, or 3-95 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 27, Ontario- — Lake of the Woods sheet — Rainy river district and portions ot Thunder bay district and Keewatin. Scale, }5ooooo or 7-S9 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 29, Ontario — Lake Nipigon sheet — includes central portion of Thunder bay district. Scale, V&ooooo, or 7-89 miles to 1 inch. i DOMINION LANDS 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 MAPS IN PROGRESS. Sheet 2 N.E. Ontario — Belleville sheet — Northumberland and Prince Edward and portions of Durham, Peterborough, Hastings and Lennox and Addington counties. Scale %50ooo, or 3 -95 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 3 N.W. Ontario — Kingston sheet — includes Leeds and Grenville and por- tions of Hastings, Addington, Renfrew, Frontenac and Lanark counties. Scale ^soooo. or 3 "95 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 7 N.E. — Sault Ste. Marie sheet — includes part of Algoma district. Scale %5oooo, or 3 -c*5 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 8 N.W. — Sudbury sheet — includes part of Algoma and Nipissing districts. Scale %50ooo, or 3 -95 miles to 1 inch Sheet 9 S.E. Ontario and Quebec — Pembroke sheet — includes portions of Hast- ings, Addington, Renfrew, Haliburton and Nipissing, Ont., and of Pontiac county, Quebec. Scale Visoooo, or 3-95 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 10 S.E. — Cornwall sheet — includes Dundas, Prescott and Russell counties, Ont., and Vaudreuil and Soulanges and portions of Argenteuil and Ottawa counties, Que. Scale %soooo, or 3 ^95 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 10 S.W. Ontario and Quebec — Ottawa sheet — includes portions of Carle- ton, Lanark, Frontenac and Renfrew counties, Ont., and of Ottawa and Pontiac counties, Quebec. Scale Vjsoooo, or 3 -95 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 11, Montreal sheet — includes the country between Quebec and Vaudreuil and between the international boundary line and latitude 48° N. Scale ^ooooo, or 7 -89 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 14 S.E. — Truro sheet — includes Pictou, N.S., King's and Queen's, P.E.I.. and portions of Halifax, Guysborough and Colchester, N.S. Scale ^soooo, or 3 -95 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 28, Ontario — Thunder Bay sheet — includes portions of Thunder Bay and Rainy River districts. Scale %ooooo, or 7 -89 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 30, Ontario — White River sheet — includes portions of Algoma and Thunder Bay districts. Scale % or 7 -SO miles to 1 inch. Sheet 31, Ontario — Abitibi sheet — includes portions of Algoma and Nipissing districts. Scale ^ooooo, or 7 -89 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 41, British Columbia — Prince Rupert sheet — includes portions of the pro- vince between longitude 128° W. and 131° W., and between latitude 52° N. and 55° N. Scale %ooooo, or 7-89 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 42. British Columbia — Babine Lake sheet — includes portion of the prov- ince between longitude 125° W. and 12S° W., and between latitude 52° N. and 55° N. Scale ^ooooo, or 7 '89 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 43, British Columbia — Fort Ceorge sheet — includes portion of the province ince between longitude 125° W. and 128° W., and between latitude 52° N. and 55° N. Scale ^ooooo, or 7:89 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 44, British Columbia — Tete Jaime Cache sheet — includes portions of the province between longitude 119° W. and 122° W., and between latitude 52° N. and 55° N. Scale %ooooo, or 7:89 miles to 1 inch. Sheet 45, British Columbia — Jasper House sheet — includes portions of the pro- vince between longitude 116° W. and 119° W., and between latitude 52° N. and 55° N. Scale %ooooo, or 7 -89 miles to 1 inch. Rocky Mountains between the Canadian Pacific Railway and the North Saskat- chewan. Scale 4 miles to 1 inch Atlas of Canada — Price, half leather $ 3 00 Atlas of Canada — Price, full morocco 5 00 104 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR I 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 ATLAS OF CAXADA — MAPS. 1. Territorial divisions. 2. Relief map, west sheet. 3. Relief map, east sheet. 4 Geology, west sheet. 5. Geology, east sheet. 6. Minerals, west sheet. 7. Minerals, east sheet. 8. Forests. 9. Limits of trees. 10. Telegraphs — Quebec and maritime provinces. 11. Telegraphs — Ontario and Quebec. 12. Telegraphs — Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. 13. Telegraphs — British Columbia, Yukon and Alberta. 14. Telephones — Maritime provinces and Quebec. 15. Telephones — Ontario and Quebec. 16. Telephones — Manitoba. Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia. 17. Railways — Quebec and maritime provinces. 18. Railways — Ontario and Quebec. 19. Railways — Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. 20. Railways — British Columbia, Alberta and Yukon. 21. Transcontinental railways. 22. Canals, lighthouses and sailing routes— St. Lawrence and Great Lakes. 23. Lighthouses and sailing routes — Pacific coast. 24. Lighthouses and sailing routes — Atlantic coast. 25. Isotherms for months of year. 26. Isotherms for summer and year; precipitation, snowfall and isobars. 26a. Average possible hours of sunshine in summer months and temperature maps. 27. Density of population — Maritime provinces and Quebec. 27a. Density of population — Ontario and Quebec. 28. Density of population — Manitoba and Saskatchewan. 28a. Density of population — British Columbia and Alberta. 29. Aborigines of Canada, Alaska and Greenland. 29a. Origins of the people — Maritime provinces and Quebec. 29b. Origins of the people — Ontario and Quebec. 29c. Origins of the people — Manitoba and Saskatchewan. 29d. Origins of the people — British Columbia and Alberta. 30. International and interprovincial boundaries (a) eastern Canada-United states; (b) New Brunswick-Quebec; (c) Quebec-Labrador. 31. Interprovincial boundary — Ontario-Manitoba. 31a. International boundary — British Columbia and Yukon- Alaska. 32. Routes of explorers. 33. Drainage basins, 34. Montreal. 35. Toronto. 36. Quebec, St. John. 37. Winnipeg. 38. Vancouver, Ottawa. 39. Hamilton, London, Halifax. DIAGRAMS. 40. Trade and Commerce — Exports. 41. Trade and Commerce— Imports i DOMINION LANDS 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 42. Trade and Commerce — Exports, principal items. 43. Trade and Commerce — Imports, principal items. 44. Trade and Commerce — Imports per head, duty, increase of trade. 45. Minerals, telegraphs. 46. Population according to (a) age and sex; (b) sex and conjugal condition. 47. Population according to age, sex and conjugal condition. 48. Population (a) proportion of British and foreign born; (b) birthplace of native population; (c) areas of provinces and territories. 49. Population (a) origins; (b) religions; (c) birthplaces. 50. Population (a) interprovincial immigration: (b) proportion of population; (c) density of population; (d) rural and urban. 51. Population, from earliest records to 1901, in Ontario, Manitoba, British Col- umbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, other territories. 52. Population, from earliest records to 1901, in Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island. 53. Population — Cities and towns with a population of upward of 7,000. 54. Population — Cities and towns with a population of upward 7,000. 55. Population — Cities and towns with a population of upward of 7,000. 56. Agriculture — Value of land, &c. ; of farm products; number of farmers and classification of farm area. 57. Agriculture — Improved and unimproved area; value of farm property. 58. Agriculture — Sie of farms; number of farms; value of agricultural pro- ducts. 59. Agriculture — Number of (a) sheep, (b) horses, (c) cattle. 60. Agriculture — Value of crops, live stock, dairy produce, ; 7 8.8114 25 1,417,541 8 20,111 9 10 117 12 13 14 1 3 4 2 333 8 9 1 160 Military homesteads Mineral rights (7, 574 acres) Mining lands sales Quit claim, special grants (1.842 acres) Railways : 9 39 6 220 C 12 93 9 1,330 21i; :.o 711 33 471 34 L92 10 43 607 189 204 ii.'. 1 2,872 959 15 16 17 IS 102 37,255 1,546 65,975 2,138,422 377,427 114,611 1,062 301 676,160 211,421 52.77'.' 5,911 98,886 159,050 21,949 6,579 2, 147 400 07,381 770 111 ■'n 160 21 22 23 24 2:. 2i; "7 Calgary and Edmonton Railway Co., Under rights (2,001 acres) ' Canadian Pacific Railway grants Canadian Pacific Railway grants, Souris Branch Canadian Pacific Railway roadbed and station Grand Trunk Pacific Railway grants Manitoba and Northwestern Railway Co. Manitoba Southwestern Colonization Railway Co ' 2 332 140 66 6 284,662 237,861 195,692 117 28 29 18 99 41 361 105 05 20 271 37,592 30 SI Qu'Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan Railroad and Steamboat Co 22,910 32 33 34 50.161 15.3S2 720 35 36 Totals 843 18,690 6,138,977 10,596 2,361,330 Department of the Interior, Land Patents Branch, Ottawa, July 30, 1908. X. O. COTE, Chief Clerk. i DOMINION LANDS 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26 C. — Statement showing the number of acres of swamp lands in Manitoba transferred by order in council to the province of Manitoba, up to March 31, 1908. Acres. Total area transferred to March 31, 1907 1,413,244-21 August 1, 1907 3,192 -00 September 26, 1907 160-00 December 4, 1907 247,607-82 20, 1907 16,332-85 24, 1907 141,107 -41 " 24,1907 77,494-70 January 29, 1908 7,502 -70 March 9, 1908 11.167 -00 Total 1,917,808 -69 N. O. COTE. Chief Clerk. Department of the Interior Land Patents Branch, Ottawa, July 30, 1908. D. — Statement showing the number of patents forwarded to the several registrars of the land registration districts of the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Yukon Territory, and the number of notifications mailed to patentees during the year, April 30, 1907-March 31, 1908. Registration District. Number of Patents sent to Registrars. Number of notifications mailed to Patentees. Yukon Territory . . Assiniboia South Alberta North Alberta West Saskatchewan East Saskatchewan . Yorkton .... 68 7,943 2,522 2,9ni 841 2,182 654 85 7,547 2,470 3,008 831 2,013 602 N. O. Department of the Interior, Land Patents Branch, Ottawa, July 30, 1908. COTE, Chief Clerk. 110 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 E. — Statement showing the number of entries cancelled during the year ended March 31, 1908; also the year in which such entries were made. Year. Homesteads. Pre-emptions. Time Sales. Sales. 1>77 1 1878 lX7:i 1880 1881 1882 4 >; ~i 2 3 1 3 3 1883 5 1 2 2 18S4 1886 1887 1 1888 1 2 1889 1890 1891 2 2 1892 1 1893 1894 1895 1 1 1 10 11 15 52 144 518 656 2,331 8,035 3,848 25 18% 1897 1898 1899 1900 2 1 1901 1902 1903 1 1 1 3 1904 ■2 1905 1906 L908 3 15,668 32 12 4 Department of the Interior, Land Patents Branch. Ottawa, July 30, 1908. K O. COTE, Chief Clerk. i DOMINION LANDS 111 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 F. — Statement showing the number of assignments recorded in the Land Patents Branch during the year ended March 31, 1908. Number of deeds registered 853 Fees received in connection therewith $1,752.50 N. O. COTE, Chief Clerk. Department of the Interior, Land Patents Branch, Ottawa, July 30, 1908. G. — Statement of entries affecting Dominion lands which were made at head office for the year ended March 31, 1908. Name of grant. No. of grants. Special grants 210 Alberta Railway and Irrigation Company Calgary and Edmonton Railway Company Canadian Northern Railway Company Canadian Pacific Railway Company, main line " " " Souris branch " Pipestone extension . . Manitoba and Southeastern Railway Company Manitoba Southwestern Colonization Railway Company . Qu'Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan Railroad and Steamboat Company Saskatchewan and Western Railway Company Railway right of way 153 Hudson's Bay Company's grants 10 Acres. 6,474-00 9,774-02 88,199 -14 2,152,054-69 355,403 -72 93,808 -70 642-00 676,202 -30 50,222 83 5,757 -72 98,880 -00 2,301 -00 370,089 -00 3,909,800-12 Department op the Interior, Land Patents Branch, Ottawa, July 30, 1908. N. O. COTE, Chief Clerk. 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 A. 1909 PART II IMMIGRATION 25— ii— 1 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 A. 1909 IMMIGRATION REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF IMMIGRATION. Department of the Interior, Ottawa, May 1, 1908. W. W. Cory, Esq., Deputy Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — I beg leave to transmit to you herewith the annual reports of the principal officers engaged in the immigration service, together with a report from the High Commissioner for Canada in London, and reports appended thereto from British and continental agents, &c. These reports have reference to the fiscal year ending March 31, 1908. The following statistical tables for the same period have been compiled in my office : — IMMIGRANT ARRIVALS. Summary for the Fiscal Year 1907-8. Per ocean travel — Quebec 112,324 Halifax 28,319 St. John 17,894 Vancouver 6,566 Victoria 6,024 Xorth Sydney 3.722 New York 22,379 Portland 3,650 Boston 1,987 Philadelphia 898 Baltimore 394 29,308 204,157 From the United States (direct) 58,312 Total 262,469 25— ii— 1J DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT. Total Immigrants arriving for Canada, by months, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908, and for the twelve months ending March 31, 1907. TWBLVE MONTHS ENDING MARCH 31, 1907. 1 ISCAL Ykai: 1907 1908. Males. Females. Children. Totals. Males. Females. Children. Totals. May 23,143 22.701 13.657 9.850 9.641 6,031 7.425 5,849 4,420 3.792 3,817 3,558 2,689 1,851 1.177 1,340 4,312 6.139 35,313 7,065 37.191 6,025 25.531 4.087 18.357 3,590 17,023 3.173 14,335 3,251 13.802 2.370 11,454 1,688 7. ''is 892 5,i ;73 1,034 7,745 4.088 28,630 30,103 28,493 2(1,913 14,601 10.741 10,039 9.374 7,516 5.51.X 3.174 3,609 9.749 7.155 8,675 8,450 6,150 5,508 "'.1174 4,779 3,583 1,899 1.274 1,434 2,931 6.J93 8,509 8,280 5,5911 4,760 3.944 4.090 3,166 1.624 1.119 1.121 2,733 44,o:,l 45,677 37.643 July 26,341 21,012 October 7.345 6,993 6,395 4,109 3,604 5,371 20,230 19,057 18,243 14,265 9,036 January 5,567 6,164 15.413 Totals 133,039 46,261 43,402 222.702 153.828 56,912 51,729 262,469 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT. Total Immigrants arriving for Canada, by ports, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908, and for the twelve months ending March, 31, 1907. Twelve months ending 31. 1907. March Malis. Females. North Sydney 845 Halifax". 19,290 St. John 13,199 Quebec 43,498 Vancouver. Victoria Via United States Ports (New York, Portland, Boston, Baltimore and Philadelphia) From the United States Totals 133.039 2,948 2.516 17.10'. 33.5H7 122 t,862 3,128 20,908 2X5 269 3,914 12,823 46.261 Children. Totals. 45 4,460 2,593 19.49S 118 57 Fiscal Ykar 1'.hi7 1908. 1,012 28,612 18,920 83,904 3,301 2.842 Males. Females. 2.726 17.857 11,913 57,218 6.21S 5.011 3.788 24.848 20,960 12.843 59.263 31.5X5 43.402 618 5,514 3,454 28,708 208 487 4.552 13.371 222.702 153,828 56.912 ( Ihildren, 37S 4,948 2,527 26.398 140 136 Totals. 3,7-2 28,319 17,894 112.321 6,566 6,024 3,796 29.3os 13.406 58,312 51.729 262,469 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 IMMIGRATION COMPARATIVE STATEMENT. Total Immigrants arriving from the United States, direct, by months, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908, and for the twelve months ending March 31, 1907. Twelve months ending March 31, I '."17. Totals. April May June July August September October November. . December . . January . . . February. March Total 7,005 4,085 2,844 2,007 2,463 2,331 2,857 2,306 1,298 073 896 3,572 33,597 2,542 1,502 1,044 1,164 870 892 1,135 963 533 381 329 1,378 12,8231 2.800 1.677 1,006 1.010 S34 820 1.103 960 509 321 295 1.481 I 12,843; 12,356 7,354 4,894 5,150 4,167 4,052 5,095 4,229 2,340 1,675 1,520 6.431 59,263 Fiscal Yeah 1907-1008. Males. 5,131 3,749 2,806 2,760 2,160 1,9.54 2,435 2,140 1,627 1,542 1,446 3,785 31,535 2,103 1,522 1,279 1,455 1,077 1,010 1,139 951 615 606 525 1,08(1 2,379 1,651 1,239 1,180 839 880 1,072 1,065 605 614 105 1.207 Females. Children. Totals. 9,613 6,922 5,324 5,395 4,076 3,853 4,646 4,156 2,937 •-•.7';-' 2,466 6,162 13,371 13.4H6 58,312 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 oo o a M CS 3 60 C c a> u a IS .2 •a 3 s 6 a 03 S3 O 5 a. » o o O ►f a CO _ 95 — :- cr 2^ CO •-O 4 nwpuqo cc •OSAlS 10^ -r f X V r. CM 1 sss X ^i ^-t CC •^Itfiuaj; cc" •uoqnj^ X O X ec »— 1 1- X .* 55 £3 tt t- — CO h 5F — . ^f HL- t* 5 satBjv aS o* •«jqurn|o3 qsi^ug oi x" CN cf — M Tf O CM t^ i1 S=7 -T •uMpnuo " -r' — i£ •vwaqiy "'?! ec OO^H 2 OJi-t 8 t-^f O X c X M CC o X S t-- J. "^ -r rc t*- < - ■Sr.v«K in CO •^qoiiavj^ CC o*r CC o o O © -* |8 X iO wo CO o x n - rc^x s •naipmo t^ » •OUt'lUQ iO*" a - M O iC o tetyt. •SdOUlAOJJ CC^ CO "Borepj cf-r 1 "* o" ©■" ■**• j. arai^ij'Bj^ ©as o o ^ © X Q 3 t-'^ re N O t-_ 10) ep £ » ■naipnqO COd* o •uajpiiqO ■V ■fl** « 3 TJ we: ITS X o X as cc Ol r- x o cd 00 tu I— I-H SC •ssiBmaj ©"of X a 'sai^ina^' CC* *ef §1 43 o X CS t~ © O) o» t. e3 68 h5 O0»-H re cm § fe Z CM^H X re fe •S9[BJ^ NO! o" IQ O < - •sa^jij ec" « t-oi ;r- c:^: IO no ~h «5 CJ 0>« © r- CO *r o ■«9< o •s[«iox 625 -r O o S}U8Aaag 9JBIU9J ©* ©" I-H CO tp oa — rc t— NO re * CO l^ © a8JPI!M0 x~co* re ■— ' ' < •uwpiiqo r* —" M H GO i~* ^-i OJ ©© as Tf t- i-« w t- o cc O". L^ i- ■Bapraraj] eoccT *5 fib •saitiuia^ r- i- X X i-i e» ©CO 01 IQ X X X © •S»]BH C-5 CO CC •sh[VJ^ of ce" 00 T - i *J • "3 33 ■+J *J .03 r. 1 t 5 I -* *J -» *j I «■- 1 *■« - B 1 2 c t- 1 & DO 1 * g s "3 H '=■ ° s o ^1 6h - 5 z. - c c PM** -U *=« SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 IMMIGRATION COMPARATIVE STATEMENT. Immigrants arriving for Canada, by nationalities, for the Fiscal Year 1907-8, and for the twelve months ending March 31, 1907, showing increase or decrease of each nationality. Twelve months ending March 31, 1907. Fiscal year, 1907-8. Increase. Decrease. Welsh 76,298 870 20,729 6,069 90,380 1,032 22,223 6,547 14.0S2 162 1,494 478 Total British 103,966 120,182 76 180 1,899 102 2,145 224 10 14,268 1,307 321 912 188 1.214 2,529 1 1,884 1,212 2,671 2,363 2 7 5 134 43 101 1,053 1,679 5,738 46 195 54 11,212 7,601 3,374 70 2 255 586 16 736 7 949 6,281 1,212 61 195 48 290 97 2,132 1,554 16,216 44 362 716 32 293 1,537 163 1,429 273 51 6,313 850 435 482 216 1,216 221 7 97 658 2,129 2,801 1 4 24 176 13 18 702 736 8,128 62 215 51 10,584 3,244 1,121 62 5 231 470 24 652 33 637 3,609 1,444 34 203 8 481 94 1,888 1,636 113 61 49 7,955 457 41 114 430 2,308 28 2 6 1,787 554 542 Dutch German, N.E.S 438 Alsatian 1 3 19 30 83 351 943 3 628 4,357 2,253 8 24 116 42 Hebrew, N.E.S 2,390 Polish 16 20 Japanese New Zealand Portuguese 3 Polish, N.E.S 8 84 ;;i'j 2,672 Persian .... Russian, N.E.S 26 232 27 8 40 3 244 Danish 191 82 8 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR II 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Comparative Statement — Immigrants arriving for Canada, by Nationalities — Con. Twelve months ending March 31, 1907. Fiscal year, 1907-8. Increase, 1 1> •■■]. Turkish 445 231 11) :«7 36 143 149 2,329 489 563 8 732 50 133 136 2,623 44 332 2 395 14 10 294 13 Total < iontinental, &c United States (direct) :,9.473 59,263 83,975 - 58,312 24.502 951 Total Immigration. 222.702 262,469 39.767 ARRIVALS AT OCEAN PORTS. For the fiscal year 1907-8 there arrived, via Canadian and United States ocean ports, 269,503 passengers, of whom 15,995 travelled saloon and 253,508 steerage. Of the saloon passengers 13,575 were destined to Canada and 2,420 to the United States. Of the steerage passengers 227,272 were for Canada and 26,236 for the United States. Included in the steerage passengers for Canada were 17,652 returned Canadians and 5,463 tourists, leaving the immigration proper visi ocean ports at 204,157 souls, which, together with the 58,312 settlers direct from the United States, brings the total immi- gration to 262,469, an increase over the twelve months ending March 31, 1907, of 39,767 persons. The following further statistical information will be of interest: Table I. deals with the total arrivals of saloon passengers, Table II. with the total arrivals of steer- ge passengers. Table III. with the monthly arrivals of immigrants for Canada, and Tables IV. and V. give summaries of the information obtained from immigrants for Canada upon arrival. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 IMMIGRATION TABLE I. Nationality and Sex of Saloon Passengers arriving at Ocean Ports for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. Canada. 1 NITED States. CANA I )A A N 1 1 Jkitkd States a a 0 1 IS u •a o i 0 f. s a; 2 D r. 0 O Is 2 0 0 1 6 5 1 6 62 65 18 145 25 27 7 59 87 92 25 204 5 12 2 2 9 5 14 Hungarian Belgian 5 5 5 5 21 4 2 27 3 1 4 24 5 2 31 Chinese 15 9 4 28 9 3 1 13 24 12 5 41 Dutch 7 1 8 1 1 7 2 9 French 17M 124 46 349 19 25 10 54 198 149 56 403 German 51 14 65 19 2 21 70 16 86 2.799 1,515 251 4,565 110 67 14 191 2,909 1,582 265 4,756 Welsh 28 9 3 4(1 1 1 28 in 3 41 Scotch 488 245 25 758 26 15 1 42 514 260 26 800 Irish 132 75 7 J14 11 ft 17 143 si 1 231 West Indian 35 25 19 79 1 1 2 36 26 19 SI 48 04 31 143 48 64 31 .143 6 1 14 7 6 1 14 1 11 54 1 3 12 2 14 70 ■ 1 13 73 4 15 4 2 ""4 2 19 1 3 3 22 17 Japanese 92 Newfoundland 439 265 54 758 134 114 24 272 573 379 78 1,030 New Zealand 31 23 2 56 5 2 1 8 36 25 3 4 Polish 2 s 2 14 1 I 3 8 63 3 3 3 3 14 1 1 1 1 Spanish 6 2 5 13 2 2 8 2 0 15 6 4 3 1 1 in 5 2 1 2 2 8 5 3 2 1 12 Danish.. 1 7 10 2 12 1 T 10 3 13 Norwegian 4 1 ■ 1 2 1 . 3 6 2 8 Armenian 1 1 2 4 1 1 4 Egyptian 1 1 1 1 2 11 151 11 274 1 si 16 609 1 91 2 1,506 12 957 713 1 110 13 U. S. A. Citizens.. 1D4 111 1,780 4 J 4 3 1 3 2,196 3 4,220 3 2,199 3 Canadian 1,704 320 3 2 5 1,706 320 4,225 950 577 108 1,635 129 51 3 183 1,079 62S 111 1,818 Totals 7,782 4,86S 925 13,575 1,333 934 153 2,420 9,115 5,802 1.07s 15,995 10 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR ii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TABLE II. Nationality and Sex of Steerage Passengers arriving at Ocean Ports for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. Canada. United States. Canada and United States. CD IS 00 "3 £ 1 ■ IS an O 00 5 s 3 102 227 5 oc GJ "3 S 03 % 5 ■r. n -1-2 s m 13 a 00 V u O 00 "3 0 EH African, South Austrian, N.E.S Bohemian 40 105 1,333 50 1.931 204 10 9,646 789 201 647 135 693 2,516 1 1,719 671 1.578 1,079 10 44 296 25 119 15 2,312 254 58 132 30 283 7 " 39 228 1189 580 1 I 1 20 31 270 27 95 5 2^0 264 62 133 23 238 6 126 313 404 704 1 21,420 175 1,195 910 3 4 10 34 555 1,798 14 41 16 547 90 306 6 .... 41 71 4 97 265 1,544 97 2 19 3^ 24 416 2«3 9 101 76 180 1,899 102 2,145 224 10 14,268 1,307 321 912 188 1.214 2,529 1 1,884 1,212 2,671 2,363 2 7 5 90! 380 1,032 22,223 6,547 134 43 101 1,053 1,679 5,738 46 195 54 11,212 7,601 3.374 70 2 256 :,sii 16 736 949 6,281 1,212 61 195 48 290 97 2,132 1.554 489 563 8 "69 127 5 7 53 109 9 10 224 463 19 43 207 1,560 55 1,931 229 10 9.742 913 201 647 135 777 3,740 1 1,875 748 1.635 1,34S "7 7 1 47,243 709 12,415 4,028 86 26 64 1,133 691 2,399 23 101 24 10,122 7,535 3,218 74 2 220 423 5 568 11 541 5,380 2,096 52 153 34 441 44 2.0S2 2,688 616 344 8 16 113 423 30 119 19 2,365 330 58 132 30 304 18 27 84 379 36 95 8 2,346 325 62 133 23 86 404 2,362 121 2,145 256 10 25 4 3 32 Galician. Hungarian, N.K.S, , Magyar 96 124 53 76 36 61 185 261 14,453 1,568 321 912 Slovak iss 84 1,224 21 11 24 3 129 1,238 2621 1.343 Bulgarian. . 9 3.767 1 Dutch German. N.E.S 156 77 57 269 1 3 1 1,256 46 325 229 8 2 52 36 192 1 1 1 1 68 25 206 3 162 197 118 667 4 2 4 1 2,848 84 784 452 8 41 2S0 725 772 2 2 2 130 381 429 910 4 2,046 1,409 2,789 3,030 6 English Welsh 6 4 9 9 1 45.987 663 12,090 3,799 78 26 64 982 648 2,332 21 99 23 9,957 6,945 2,497 50 1 167 422 5 513 6 481 3,487 844 50 136 33 195 43 1,271 466 320 6 22,973 194 5,938 1,838 53 13 27 37 476 1.608 U 52 15 7o,s 566 :.71 14 1 47 93 7 126 1 203 1,250 271 9 40 6 61 30 445 337 14 142 2 929 23 261 165 663 15 198 58 23,902 217 0,199 2,003 53 13 27 39 519 1,664 12 52 15 738 687 1,165 31 1 68 93 (7 143 4 251 2,224 "'901 9 46 7 167 30 956 1,170 16 167 3 22,083 190 93,228 1,116 Scotch Irish 4,393 23.007 968 6,999 West Indian 3 142 4 43 10 101 Greek Hebrew, N.K.S " Russian . . . Polish 151 43 67 2 2 1 Km 590 721 24 1 53 1 2 43 56 1 3 56 70 156 142 193 3 2 1 211 716 1,406 45 1 84 1 37 1,209 611 1,821 1,868 5,931 14 49 44 197 " German.... Italian Japanese.. . . .... Newfoundland New Zealand.. . . Portuguese Polish, N.K.S 30 121 .".94 17 16 5 91 4 16 563 95 397 10 51 71 4 123 302 2,521 365 2 21 12 101 24 55 11,423 8,317 1,780 115 3 21 10 339 587 16 " Russian 55 5 60 1,893 1,252 2 17 1 246 1 811 1,754 150 24 2 17 3 48 974 630 26 37 977 268 98 8 145 3,844 2,150 2 25 5 419 1 1.601 2,990 152 61 3 834 15 1,094 Russian, N.E.S Finnish Spanish 10,125 3,362 63 6 1 106 2 3 67 220 53 Danisli 709 9s 511 833 2 25 1 279 403 12 695 3,733 686 4.544 Turkish 9 64] 113 62. IMMIGRATION 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 TABLE II. Nationality and Sex of Steerage Passengers arriving at Ocean Ports for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. — Concluded. Canada. United States. Canada and United States. OD CD a) £ pa X "3 s B Is D "a o H "3 EG CD 3 g fa c 5 Syrian . Arabian I". S. Citizens . . Negro 469 37 77 91 2,620 165 6 27 34 98 7 29 11 3 732 50 133 136 2,623 112 5 949 4 4 44 959 3 41 4 411 197 9 2,319 7 4 581 42 1,026 95 2,624 135,779 12,391 5,066 209 6 986 37 139 11 440 11 3 929 59 2.452 143 2.627 j Total Immig'n . . Ret'd Canadians. Tourists 122,293 12,391 3,909 43,541 38,323 3,799 1,462 1,250 304 204.157 17,652 5,463 13,486 1,157 7,077 110 4,330 76 24,893 1,343 50,618 3,799 1,360 42,653; 229,050 1.462 17,652 380 6,806 Totals 138,693 48,590 40.089 227,272 14,643 7,187 4,406 26,236 153,236 55,777 44.495 253,508 i 12 DEPARTVEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 11 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TABLE III. Monthly arrivals of Immigrants for Canada, by Nationalities, at Ocean Ports for the Fiscal Tear ending March 31, 1908. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct Nov. Dec. Jan Feb. Mar. Total-. African. Smith. . . Australian Austrian, X.E.S. Bukowinian !l 15 214 Hi 676 49 • i 4.414 268 116 201 69 266 104 9 13 135 5 554 37 2 3,257 433 5 4:i 2 224 468 3 26 215 19 397 38 3 4.U53 102 36 176 23 116 145 s :«i 120 4 134 11 1 761 56 10 174 9 126 139 '.I 14 142 s 60 11 3 10 i" 11 41 12 12 111 79 15 63 28 6 15 •.Mill S 9 14 2 307 123 38 34 13 87 548 ...1 9 6 211 1 58 1 3 1 29 6 38 3 4 7 :;:, 20 1 1 24 142 14 S6 19 7 cs >< § i - -t- x :c x -j: a i cc !<3C.cociHn« ' a: sr.xnr-:i cc . cc 1 1 f r. e c » :i i— i - o i- 0C t-L*: - f t- z - f)Xt-K -J- «" cc c — > i- x o ■D os q os oo a: « ■j c-i o IC t— i— i— co -r as n ri ri r- o; as HOiCN^n o Sec ^- a: © cc x MCXOWO n .— n -^ x m c. i- looNnHMx c. x c. a rf c a: x I io C l- X CN ~- X © W CC l- peocoi«H x r- :icir-ca — X CC CC rf t— C~. i—' cc t" x' rf i—* r-T — ; — O; — l - '• -r : tm-oxot: opecoNN os r f icT cc" cc' — ' ^ r-I < O 3 O S fe fci ^0»0^wh 14 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR II 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TABLE Nationality, Sex, Occupation and Destination of Immigrant Arrivals African, Smith- - Australian ... Austrian, N.E.S Bohemian Bukowiman Croatian Dalmatian Galician Hungarian, N.E o. - Magyar Ruttienian Slovak Belgian Buleai ian Brazilian Chinese Dutch French German, N.E.S. Alsatian Bavarian Prussian English Welsh Scotch Irish West Indian . Bermudian Jamaican Greek Hebrew, N.E.S. ii Russian Polish . ii Austrian .• German Italian Japanese Newfoundland . New Zealand ... Portuguese Polish, N.E.S... I. Austrian German., .. Russian . Persian Roumanian ...... Russian, X.K.S Finnish Spanish Swiss Servian Danish Icelandic Swvdish. Norwegian Trade or General Labourers. 533 783 2 27 13 67 112 38 116 10 30 2 7 67 38 106 2,827 171 2,520j 405 934 132 1,060 24 536 158 Mechanics. 8 34 100 10 51 7 273 31 7 11 1 153 17 41 257 320 292 1 60 139 102 1 1 1 11 25 48 93 121 170 1 2 1 262 273 147 34 99 114 1 12 17 41 50 1 29 ;«i 60 109 240 422 40 21 3 4 1 2 4 4 3 61 107 49 93 2 1 17,873 221 4,776 912 25 14 4 23 304 1,485 13 46 15 424 96 186 18 26 17 3 38 2 72 658 56 9 43 4 40 8 209 163 1 8,128 55 1,879 407 4 2 3 3 267 902 8 16 10 39 20 45 4 7 2 24 "43 295 12 1 O 7 6 34 3 3 68 19 1 56 1 97 103 132 1 8,989 61 1,892 284 246 999 13 13 15 25 3 66 4 4 3 15 "63 310 19 2 6 3 3 5 73 43 ii IMMIGRATION 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 V. for Canada at Ocean Ports, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. Occupation- Destination. Clerks Traders, te. Miners. > -r. ~. S o Not 00 D % Classified. 03 U if .§8 .■Sfc a? 6 08 5 1 *2 5 a .s ±* o3 H, 00 03 -J2 03 ■s < .03 J3 "o O jS .2 V> 'u PQ DO CD -. a a u 2 2 o no X - - — 2 Is . 09 £ 83 u 2 2 0 s 0 12 3 6 7 2 10 98 6 41 4 5 7 12 3 3 130 25 122 15 15 9 720 11 851 15 4 2,595 108 20 302 5 327 186 16 24 315 12 223 149 5 1,714 355 102 191 63 53 2,203 24 10 432 19 717 17 ' 7,452 262 36 357 11 406 15 2 134 8 127 1 1,169 459 99 37 3 83 3 4 5 108 13 87 1 14 127 59 14 18 27 15 21 1 "l2 13 76 19 22 14 2 9 4 2 6 15 9 1 1 17 36 7 4 y 14 49 10 4 4 i 1 1 1 6 89 12 11 2 22 2 901 50 10 59 11 38 3 6 ■: 2 1 7 3 54 42 14 11 il 15 84 01 21 17 12 20 249 60 25 7 191 116 1 14 17 208 74 989 32 36 11 45 111 100 31 3 7 61 43 6 4 2 1 1 17 9 2 111 1 39 6 36 39 1 1,105 48 16 18 66 38 37 20 21 37 1 2 34 45 1 28 116 114 87 9 124 ;v.i 19 26 152 74 81 31 3t; 47 156 219 1,178 418 2 4 2 15,903 162 4,549 1,330 7 143 379 185 371 8 408 616 790 74 178 344 9 86 202 256 1,554 29 102 109 161 114 15 6 15 7 1 1 1 1 1 44,464 362 8,650 2,687 52 1 12,618 146 4,274 1,329 1 1 1 1 4,412 53 1,083 222 1 4,378 86 1,285 411 5,470 168 1,646 349 4,552 59 1,374 627 12 2,218 18 592 235 1 1,619 18 405 149 1,211 115 316 38 403 17 116 11 575 23 201 6 4,432 40 1,849 681 45 9 111 15 . 45 232 3 15 1,455 17 304 139 10 4 7 5 14 35 1 3 1,796 25 444 183 2 2 10 6 28 168 10 1 164 226 94 5 2,480 14 380 113 2 4 5 5 26 266 1 18 3,127 55 736 218 74 30 53 97 11 147 7 8 i 2 12 8 4 2 23 146 5 12 318 1,257 2,925 16 98 34 5,213 7 141 9 36 583 183 1,764 25 80 12 4,365 1 105 5 2 33 131 2 177 6 128 1,268 922 19 39 22 73 3 635 371 an 10 161 714 1 10 3 215 45 1 39 66 59 288 52 85 14 64 171 3 3 9 16 10 3 9 61 8 2 1 1 1 11 1 4 6 5 11 "5 200 769 7,589 78 43 1 48 596 201 77 95 4 5 2 30 2 41 189 15 293 35 747 22 205 36 80 2 439 4 3,014 44 8 23 7 2 11 6 2 2 8 3 2 3 13 35 4 44 15 1 "4 35 1 2 7 1 2 5 9 4 6 13 2 12 1 9 128 12 3 11 1 5 1 29 26 3 15 4 13 "l4 214 17 1 2 2 9 33 42 10 26 "32 '" 0 202 13 2 4 6 7 45 79 101 149 2 345 1 421 1,750 103 6 82 6 63 12 192 114 53 188 6 124 31 15 6 17 9 65 9 18 12 32 5 2 4 27 2 3 16 5 50 1 1 2 1 4 1 5 3 6 80 52 267 190 1 9 128 1,607 44 19 27 3 71 79 588 375 257 727 5 29 233 222 8 373 37 1 18 3 36 3 192 170 1 354 88 14 14 1 11 247 223 74 2 8 115 86 5 11 7 25 13 1 4 10 2 24 21 187 153 3 17 14 5 2 38 30 9 2 17 1 16 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 11 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TABLE .Nationality, Sex, Occupation and Destination of Immigrant Arrivals Skv Track OB i. 3 / :. t fa Fanners, or Farm Labourers (.'lass. Genera Lai* mii'i g. Mechanics. a ■i. :. ~x ■ Females. ( 'liildn-n. i. 5 a — 1 - A I _ O Turkish . Armenian Egyptian 466 320 6 469 37 77 91 2,620 14 142 2 165 t; 'I 9 101 98 7 29 11 3 189 563 8 732 50 133 136 2,623 138 4, 2 3 4 7 280 150 2 27 2 28 33 3 103 39 3 ... 4S 25 o 2 87 151 2 14 ill: 12 is 1 1 2 3 2(13 •>i; 19 9 12 26 1 U.S. Citizen* . . . 8 31 2,429 6 31 35 2 7 1 4 0 . . . T<'t;ils 122.293 43.541 38,323 204,157 27,388 6,192 8,286 49,656 5,670 7,846 29,706 12.S7S 13.751 II IMMIGRATION 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 V. Canada at Ocean Ports, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908 — Continued. OCCIPATION. De STINATION. Clerks, Traders, &c. Minei s. c © 2 O > X 0) H Not Classified. X 9 »"> .9 8 ■c- ea % c5 ■8 3 B OS ■t — w 43 S J* s a: U < IS 2 2 O .2 '■£ M ■j. c S 33 2 s 8 1 14 I £ 2 o 2 11 33 o "3 3J = 30 s "3 % 35 03 S 2 2 o . o cd 2 O .2 5 s 10 i 46 5 8 2 T 1 7 12 10 3 50 45 3 367 10 30 95 98 375 4 252 34 29 16 3 334 5 139 1 -' 3 11 2 18 1 30 1 6 6 18 42 a 11 5 1 1 96 60 6 1 2 i i 1 3 57 2 2 26 13 4 5 4 2 24 5 2J 4 14 0 3 1 6 7 1 32 2,619 63 3 1 9,485 3,614 2,831 2,818 710 1,034 10,490 3,240 3,1178 4,575 10,309 43,28674,328)34,436 10,209 9,405 22,171 13 25- 18 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 PORT OF NORTH SYDNEY. For the fiscal year 1907-8 there arrived at the port of North Sydney 9,790 pas- sengers, of whom 2,953 travelled saloon and 6,837 steerage. Of the saloon passengers 2,116 were destined to Canada and 837 to the United States. Of the steerage pas- sengers 5,159 were for Canada and 1,678 for the United States. Included in the steer- age passengers for Canada were 1,204 returned Canadians and 233 tourists, leaving the immigration proper at 3,722 souls. Table I. deals with the total arrivals of saloon passengers, Table II. with the total arrivals of steerage passengers, Table m. with the monthly arrivals of immigrants for Canada, and Tables IV. and V. give summaries of the information obtained from immigrants for Canada upon arrival. TABLE I. Nationality and Sex of Saloon Passengers arriving at the Port of North Sydney for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. Can U>A. TJ NITED States. Canada and Un States. TF.n 3 X e c O 2 ja 0 ■A i. 3 "3 S i w IS ■s- ■~ s S s" t C 1 1 2 2 1 1 •1 1 ■■<■ 2 1 3 S3 2 136 5 38 14 2 1 423 1 2 t 3 186 2 157 6 44 16 2 2 1 718 1 2 1 70 " 33 12 6 16 20 8 40 6 22 " 41 3 :'s 152 5 41 21 2 2 2 .V,3 1 2 1 2 3 5 400 1 5S3 47 90 226 8 Welsh 21 1 6 2 "242 53 4 o 2, 9 5 2 179 6 6 7 3 3 9 10 53 26 2 2 1 130 1 267 2 114 23 356 76 985 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 453 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 .. 1 .... 1 2 * 1 583 35 2 4 78 1 815 73 1 1 343 4 0 18 3 92 18 110 21 170 57 531 1 175 30 57 8 12 1 7 1 19 816 37 s 92 Totals 1,397 505 154 2,116 539 247 51 837 1,936 812 205 2,953 IMMIGRATION 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 TABLE II. Nationality and Sex of Steerage Passengers arriving at the Port of North Sydney for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. Canada. United Statu 0 Canada and TJn States. TED o a o fa a a* ■a O 0 S | fa t 2 O m "a EC to £ fa c a u Is 0 O Eh . 2 12 104 9 49 6 15 7 3 1 6 2,4(54 •6 1 3 1 ■2 5 12 196 10 56 6 is 8 3 I 3,320 7 1 3 I 2 12 111 10 60 10 17 9 3 1 7 3,167 6 8 1 3 1 19 11 1 13 27 1 "SO 1 2 "4 2 2 42 6 1 5 7 1 12 4 3 4 12 50 1 1 42 6 203 German English Welsh . 1 11 4 2 2 "i 11 68 10 Scotch 3 1 1 1 1 21 12 3 555 1 2 301 i Italian 1 703 6 2 "593 "1 "91 .... 1 1,387 6 4 1,148 2 392 9 Newfoundland Polish 4,707 6 Russian, N.E.S 2 " 1 1 1 4 1 11 1 1 4 3 1 4 3 3 1 15 8 1 8 6 1 1 4 1 20 10 1 8 29 24 13 1 3 "20 5 21 3 14 174 8 209 3 17 194 16 I .H.A. Citizens 238 Total immigration.... 2,726 787 117 618 216 92 378 201 24 3,722 1,204 233 773 614 267 1,654 3,499 787 132 1,232 216 97 645 201 28 5,376 1,204 15 5 4 24 257 3,»i30 926 603 5,159 788 619 271 1,678 4,418 1,545 874 6,837 iJ.r. — ii — 2* 20 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 11 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TABLE III. Monthly arrivals of Immigrants for Canada, by Nationalities, at the Port of North Sydney, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. < >> a s c 3 31 < c % i s 8 = > u — ' a 9 « c i i — o u E Totals 2 1 2 17 2 5 3 5 3 12 4 5 1 15 6 4 4 22 i 4 12 57 18 19 10 28 1 2 2 5 2 196 10 English 3 2 15 1 4 1 3 2 3 56 6 7 2 2 1 "l" 2 1 1 18 1 1 2 8 West Indian... . 1 1 3 1 1 1 507 3 326 439 1 4 14.! g Newfoundland. . 428 266 231 2 208 3 228 110 1 101 333 "l 1 1 3,320 1 2 1 2 1 3 3 14 3 1 1 20 Norwegian Armenian ... 1 1 2 10 1 2 5 2 5 1 2 5 1 8 1 2 8 t". S. Citizens . 1 2 29 Totals 440 592 295 264 268 264 367 472 185 120 110 345 3.722 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 IMMIGRATION TABLE IV. 21 Monthly arrivals of Immigrants for Canada, by Occupation and Destination, at the Port of North Sydney, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. 'u < £ i 414 GS 23 11 52 23 % ^> 2 199 33 9 11 33 8 jsj. 2 134 49 8 10 30 31 a bo 11 129 33 8 12 27 48 s a o 12 141 21 3 21 29 37 £ O a O 3 240 35 10 21 40 18 S > 0 'A 5 312 41 8 51 38 17 u CD x> c 33 0 0 .Q io2 12 12 15 18 26 ■A u es 3 C CO en 3 01 Not classified. CO s - 5 3 127 10 47 6 12 5 3 1 8 2,963 6 1 1 9 6 1 6 23 u ,2 ?. c * 3 3 0 43 a: ca CO 03 CO "a 3 £ o El. B o 2 IS o ad _ 1 Is s s u 2 'J: O "3 S CD c X D b3 IS ' — -co M .. .. x. } ii "io 8 69 3 1 4 3 6 lli 1 6 10 2 2 2 1 S 4 3 1 ^ 2 1 "2' 3 1 1 1 2 l - 140 1 6 s 2 5 41 95 30 41 284 21 89 79 103 23 2 11 78 2 1 1 1 l' 10 1 1 1 fi 1 1 5 2 11 1 11 13 115 30 72 41 300 29 103 103 3,243 229 115 39 2 12 82 24 DtiPARTUEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 PORT OF HALIFAX. For the fiscal year 1907-8 there arrived at the port of Halifax 36,091 passengers, of whom 2,002 travelled saloon and 34,089 steerage. Of the saloon passengers 1,909 were destined to Canada and 93 to the United States. Of the steerage passengers 31,279 were for Canada and 2,810 for the United States. Included in the steerage passengers for Canada were 2,624 returned Canadians and 336 tourists, leaving the immigration proper at 28,319 souls, a decrease, as compared with the twelve months ending March 31, 1907, of 293 persons. Table I. deals with the total arrivals of saloon passengers, Table II. with the total arrivals of steerage passengers, Table III. with the monthly arrivals of immigrants for Canada, and Tables IV. and V. give summaries of the information obtained from immigrants for Canada upon arrival. TABLE I. Nationality and Sex of Saloon Passengers arriving at the Port of Halifax for the Fiscal Tear ending March 31, 190S. ( Ianada, United States. Canada and United States. 33 SO w "3 B a £ 3 IS o -r' *e8 0 2 24 1 455 5 59 17 12 16 4 1 35 1 1 2 4 29 375 866 1.W9 DO "3 H - h c to u -3 .-3 o e3 "3 'rt S a IS o i 17 1 4 1 133 2 22 7 4 10 2 3 28 1 4 1 17 295 3 37 10 7 2 2 1 17 1 4 1 134 2 22 7 4 10 2 3 " "28 1 4 o 24 2 1 English' Welsh 294 3 37 10 7 2 9 i 13 1 1 457 5 59 17 12 16 4 1 21 1 1 4 1 5 21 1 2 40 1 i 1 1 16 218 474 l.ons 1 1 1 23 219 545 1 1 1 Jrl 123 322 666 2 2 34 70 145 1 1 2 13 2 123 34 326 71 2 4 7 1 71 84 2 9 1 76 38 376 4 1 942 Totals 7 2 93 1,182 673 147 2,002 IMMIGRATIOX 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 TABLE II. Nationality and Sex of Steerage Passengers arriving at the Port of Halifax for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. < 'AN ADA. United States. Canada and United States. a £ - ft e u "3 0 0Q a) 13 5 ft c > — s < u t s *~ T DO - g -* - - B > u — - - 5 CS -; - - — - m c African, South 6 5 8 34 3 1 5 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 2 53 14 15 i) 32 37 1 158 8 24 25* 3 6 19 123 1 20 73 4 1 2 12 14 15 1) 52 15 1,040 11 71 4 2 26 14 126 61 2 1^252 17 53 62 17 3 3 15 47 52 616 - 7 11 13 i 36 5 2 1 1 "7 1 9 2 12 37 1 1,854 31 236 294 28i 129 136 14 "l 13 55 42 53 115 38 1 15 Dutch 18 "i 3 5 34 16 36 46 IS 38 367 French German, X. E.S 528 456 2 1 9,392 64 2,353 473 1 2 3 7 14 76 80 1 473 3 2 English Welsh 140 159 88 •> 2 3 7S 'l2 5 2 326 7 83 31 442 1 160 26 4 223 10 10s 23 47S 5 126 34 2,371 15 316 133 3 15,422 129 Scotch Irish 3ti 23 39 21 47 15 9 10 0 16 . . 4 3,330 868 53 2 2 2 1 0 1 10 39 5 8 1 9 8 29 it 121 ' 3 5 58 32 •>.", 24 243 249 2 13 1 46 11 179 121 2 5 8 1 4 13 67 5 1 18 91 88 10 5 20 1 145 3 1 .. 2 41 571 .. Russian Polish 34 1 1 52 1 1 .... 17 922 21 28 4 10 2 227 3 2 30 1 10 2 1 1 4 4 2 6 3 1 4 3 21 30 203 20 1 3 2 9 14 7 •l 54 Polish, N.E.S 12 1 48 50 1 6 15 34 4 1 3 26 1 18 114 4 ' 8 4 5 to 10 5 6 i, Russian Russian. N.E.S Finnish 13 1 6 5 20 1 164 36 7 2 80 84 16 2 1 8 1 4 5 "2 53 8 1 "3 14 5 1 1 61 4 144 749 139 3 9 1 29 4 12 2 36 110 24 6 1 1 3 3 38 22 1 1 4 '20 3 40 129 127 2 1 29 11 "3 10 "7 17 1 45 1 6 2 "8 71 39 2 "l4 6 25 119 4 13 85 1 41 104 153 Turkish 109 Armenian 393 2 12 3 1 4 " 5 1 412 4 2 1 12 14 1 n 18 38 T.itals 14,491 1,885 1,355 443 523 387 200 1,282 2,159 1,009 981 3,604 28,319 IMMIGRATION 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 TABLE IV. Monthly arrivals of Immigrants for Canada by Occupation and Destination at the Port of Halifax for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. Agriculturists General labourers . . , Mechanics Clerks Miners Female servants . . . . Not classed Totals Maritime Provinces. Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia. . Totals.... 5,494 2,678 4,508 743 216 504 348 14,491 834 1,602 6,409 3,562 822 930 332 14,491 482 585 467 79 46 52 174 1,885 655 376 161 22 48 63 30 1,355 309, 288 518 381 260 92 37 494 115 125 364 94 161 2 1,885' 1,355 125 83 U.'i 27 20 22 23 443 184 103 91 17 12 2 4 143 62 43 197! 96 119 37 28 31 49 523 118 43 45 44 53 13 171 14 18 16 52 15 387 200 120 49 25 4 416 184 56 132 25 37 9 1 5 19 6 1 6 13 523 387 2 200 285 282 337 138 70 105 65 529 589 677 109 58 125 72 203 203 395 54 50 61 43 1,282 2,159 360 291 331 572 307 736 154 320 54 105 47 70 29 65 1,282 2,159 1,009 82 475 256 100 30 32 34 1,009 336 111 289 104 51 57 33 981 115 254 307 157 47 38 63 981 1,854 342 735 213 165 185 110 3,604 377 429 1,068 555 347 266 562 3,604 10,113 5,586 8,002 1,582 783 1,239 1,014 28,319 3,766 4,406 9,904 5,654 1,795 1,645 1,149 28,319 28 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 11 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TABLE Nationality, Sex, Occupation arid Destination of Immigrant arrivals Sf.x. Trade or Farmers or Farm Labourers Class. General Labourers. Mechanics. H EQ IS s » fa g 6 4 3 -J. Is 3 CD J2 z S3 2 5 7) "3 _ 3 5 o> fa c u 2 o 3 C Q fa 5 7 9 102 14 59 11 1,114 21 138 290 1 IS 203 349 191 1 7 15 9 123 20 73 15 1,854 31 236 294 15 367 528 456 2 2 15,422 129 3,330 86S 53 10 58 145 571 922 21 28 10 227 3 54 12 6 61 4 144 749 139 3 29 4 29 11 104 153 109 393 2 412 14 11 38 28,319 5 3 12 1 3 5 2 2 i 21 4 7 16 I 12 300 5 54 5 5 2 1 380 5 44 4 1 3 Bukowinian 40 8 2 19 1 116 11 968 6 55 95 212 2 13 343 4 20 3 16 16 1 .... 28 1 16 4 7 1 12 13 1 19 3 L88 " l 2 54 105 91 1 "ioa 74 174 1 1 28 Dutch 121 203 90 27 48 54 45 48 144 8 34 5 53 68 47 9 19 11 1 17 3S Ii 17 1 13 German, N.E.S. . . 22 i 2 9,973 99 2,152 BO] 38 6 50 135 2i 10 363 8 21 5 200 3 33 5 41 4 43 373 96 1 22 4 1 73 116 105 196 2 272 10 7 34 1 3,747 27 551 1 208 3 1 3,148 37 844 109 18 2 2 6 74 276 7 13 2 15 1 4 4 1 9 2 12 48 4 2,94H 13 661 170 14 3 8 6 177 270 6 4 2 16 ' 16 3 1 10 2,509 17 517 97 1 1 4 194 289 7 3 3 11 5 2 10 737 1 111 26 848 7 121 29 2,271 14 447 183 16 3 43 107 25 25 1 2 348 392 844 4 163 33 811 Welsh 49 11 1 74 10 1 173 23 1 12 82 40 2 9 12 4 9 15 2 105 180 5 3 2 2 Hebrew, N.E.S... . " Russian . . ii Polish 46 14 90 21 78 175 6 1 3 18 2 3 4 4 161 5 4 2 1 1 3 6 24 2 1 1 4 1 1 polish N E s 2 18 2 15 146 76 1 1 3 4 5 4 37 152 35 2 4 ' 6 1 20 25 3 US '"85 2 3 4 64 224 8 " 3 8 11 12 1 82 5J 2 1 13 148 7 11 63 2 26 129 5 6 15 8 16 26 ? 15 36 2 21 38 1 1 12 2 8 14 30 52 21 41 5 2 32 40 73 61 2 2 1 4 t; 8 3 11 ' a ' 5 i i i .... 18 10 81 1 26 1 2 15 1 2 1 31 3 Norwegian Turkish 1 4 7 22 23 25 118 2 2 4 Hi 13 102 5 15 1 1 11 .... 17 4 K. S. Citizens 10 555 Totals 17,857 5,514 4,948 6,765 1,408 1,940 4,373 658 5,038 1,521 1,443 il IMHIGRATIOX 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 V. for Canada, at the Port of Halifax, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. Occupation. 00 ta C > s a; O I Eh -i- "> z u 6 s Destination. Clerks, Traders.&c. Minei Not Classified. el — = O1 0 O i O J 1 O n S c3 U 0, < s £ "3 i = 1 s a 3 r 3 Eh -j 03 "a £ 2 03 'rt s 0 'Z f, \ 2 1 83 20 6 14 53 9 91 41 1 1 12 7 6 8 1 4 9 2 1 7 -j 1 1 2 3 61 11 2 1 "5 4 1 4 27 9 19 11 1 13 2 3 41 i 1 1 1 118 1 7 6 7 218 2 31 15 202 1 4 236 934 11 75 2 135 6 15 311 2 19 1 7 18 22 i 1 1 9, 1 14 15 20 162 38 2 1 1,711 13 340 86 1 22 372 488 10 10 7 125 1 1 6 1 22 3 1 4 7 7 "5 6 15 14 3 15 6 3 6 1 2 3 I 34 130 47 37 144 190 187 17 35 114 47 38 28 3 16 1? 9 19 7 8 5 In ■ 1 1,857 29 413 129 39 9 ,,n 93 10 59 3 5 518 9 182 82 1 2i)0 49 20 1 124 4 39 17 178 12 74 4 go 2 27 2 87 6 32 2 568 4 232 60 12 2 8 1 0 21 111 55 15 183 2 30 18 247 78 16 6,605 37 1,419 322 13 "8 28 34 242 8 9 52 2,663 20 610 156 1,006 17 161 57 742 6 232 76 ,s:;'.i 7 155 42 1 1 1 10 1 4 23 2 101 114 14 7 54 I 14 10 21 1 47 7 19 20 3 1 1 2 4 1 12 2 19 ?, 1 1 4 3 2 1 1 8 2 51 1 2 24 11 3 ... 9 1 1 1 5 1 2 3 2 13 4 17 128 96 1 6 2 1 1 1 8 1 2 1 2 1 7 1 14 2 19 23 1 3 2 9 14 1 65 8 62 113 13 41 244 11 23 113 2 26 9 3 3 46 1 1 5 40 10 1 1 1 4 1 2 4 3 10 2 3 1 4 3 1 1 2 11 7 6 11 37 45 1 1 •> 1 i 5 I" 14 1 1 2 1 16 17 10 24 27 44 1 340 7 3 30 9 11 48 301 1 54 7 3 3 20 37 34 48 10 16 15 15 3 1 5 1 5 5 10 1 ■\; 7 1 22 7 3 1 25 4 .... i 3 11 1 1 23 2 18 ?, 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 1 339 2 1 292 490 125 I'M 108 1.239 240 327 447 3,766 4,406 9,904 r>,<;:i4 1,795 1,645 1,149 30 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 PORT OF ST. JOHX. For the fiscal year 1907-8 there arrived at the port of St. John 23,774 passengers, of whom 1,323 travelled saloon and 22,451 steerage. Of the saloon passengers 1,286 were destined to Canada and 37 to the United States. Of the steerage passengers 20,527 were for Canada and 1,924 for the United States. Included in the steerage passengers for Canada were 2,228 returned Canadians and 405 tourists, leaving the immigration proper at 17,894 souls, a decrease, as compared with the twelve months ending March 31. 1907, of 1,026 persons. Table I. deals with the total arrivals of saloon passengers, Table II. with the total arrivals of steerage passengers. Table 1TI. with the monthly arrivals of immigrants for Canada, and Tables IV. and V. give summaries of the information obtained from immigrants for Canada upon arrival. TABLE I. Xatioxality and Sex of Saloon Passengers arriving at the Port of St. John for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. Canada. United States. Canada and United States. m CD 3 f- 4 2 1 " i 43 3 3 17 27 1 1 11 1 1 1 3 1 "2 1 1 16 1 1 1 6 1 144 4 \4 18 54 2 1 15 3 3 17 27 1 13 6 537 Welsh 13 73 26 59 127 7 1 Spanish 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 9 4 2 196 26 3 2 15 4 2 196 27 3 Egyptian 1'. s. Citizens 1 6 1 13 io 3 "2 2 4 3 1 6 1 27 7 2 134 11 30 3 1 1 1 1 135 11 30 3 361 41 Totals 755 402 129 1,286 22 12 3 37 777 414 132 1.323 IMMIGRATION 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 TABLE II. Nationality and Sex of Steerage Passengers arriving at the Port of St. John for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. Can. m "3 c a IDA. United States. Canada and United States. O EC 0J ■3 DO n E V 1 s 3; IS 0 O Eh to a; "3 to * £ En a g IS O O African, South 1( 2 93 4 746 9 2,994 134 1 2 121 118 10 23 36 61 4.004 92 851 443 26 19 2 6 34 153 6 3 i',6ir 3 2 2 2 51 11 230 74 4 11 23 247 142 30 2 6 1 4 48 5 2 13 4 42 2 1 It 6 28 17 5 122 14 816 9 3,792 225 1 2 193 lis 10 45 72 128 7,314 129 • 1,401 640 62 32 2 « 106 317 6 4 3 1.048 3 2 3 3 74 25 292 101 4 15 to 6 351 202 31 2 1 6 85 10 2 117 5 746 10 3,012 147 1 2 135 207 10 23 36 100 4,098 95 878 456 26 19 2 11 34 163 6 3 1,030 3 2 3 2 51 24 443 149 4 11 6S ! 1 2 30 4 42 1 35 6 28 5 Bohemian 24 1 17 19 60 1 182 15 Bukowinian 816 1 18 13 1 40 23 ■* 10 Hungarian, N.E.S. . . 472 44 326 47 12 9 10 1 484 53 336 48 3,832 248 I 2 39 33 14 89 14 89 39 33 207 207 Bulgarian "5 35 30 1,856 24 330 130 36 10 17 1 37 1,454 13 220 67 " 3 10 Dutch 2 37 58 1 15 11 2 "i02 221 5 55 32 7 35 56 1,925 25 343 138 36 10 17 1 74 1,512 14 235 78 3 47 72 230 7,535 134 1,456 672 62 32 2 English Welsh Irish 39 94 3 27 13 26 69 1 13 8 Bennudian Greek 5 10 5 1 48 11 Hebrew, N.E.S Polish 44 101 28 63 1 21 17 45 122 28 80 107 365 6 1 1 17 2 14 1 1 18 "3 1 17 14 111 55 "'4 28 2 122 97 1 "2 2 14 6 20 84 18 14 4 74 65 i 4 " German Japanese 13 1 13 213 75 1 14 3 1,062 3 New Zealand 1 17 4 36 23 4 8 2 30 1 6 10 26 4 "9 4 48 30 2 3 2 6 3 Polish, N.E.S Herman 74 Russian, N.E.S Finnish Spanish 10 75 32 10 58 14 33 346 121 58 638 222 4 Danish Icelandic 45 20 5 70 15 110 6 Swedish 105 259 15 66 67 26 35 197 361 15 352 401 45 2 6 1 37 51 548 563 46 Turkish Egyptian Syrian 2 "2 26 1 11 9 1 33 3 11 3 9 53 6 13 29 9 11 59 91 Total immigration . . . Returned Canadians . . 11,913 1,704 293 3,454 347 59 2,527 177 53 17,894 2,228 405 1,126 466 326 1,918 13,039 1,704 299 3,920 347 59 L'.s;-,:; 177 53 19,812 2,228 411 Tourists 6 6 13,910 3,860 2,757 20,527 1,132 466 326 1,924 15,042 4,326 3,083 22,451 32 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TABLE III. Monthly arrivals of Immigrants for Canada, by Nationalities, at the Port of St. John for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. "C — < * B 3 1-9 -. CO 3 & < = — I i o £ — a X Q 3 c 1-5. a 3 J5 1\>tal> ' 9 1 2 1 21 3 7 " 38 3 12 1 T 17 95 13 642 122 14 Bukowinian 29 86 816 9 9 3,374 200 1 66 4 85 7 72 2 195 1 14 1 1 i 1,761 31 290 122 2 3,792 5 225 1 Slovak 11 22 3 4 22 2 .646 12 124 73 2 2 16 7 5 19 7 32 269 15 62 23 1 ii .... 'ii 20 912 22 99 51 1 2 2 Belgian 141 193 88 118 i 10 Dutch 19 2 02 3,379 41 763 357 10 8 1 6 19 81 1 1 3 1,001 1 14 2 290 7 58 14 11 "i 4.". l 72 128 English 8 1 22 3 11 3 10 7,314 Welsh 129 5 1.401 Iri-.li 649 3 4 10 3 11 7 2 14 2 62 32 2 6 Hebrew, N.E.S 9 27 1 42 HI 1 1 8 3 1 28 40 1 106 3 317 Polish 6 4 3 4 3 8 13 1 21 1,048 3 1 2 1 1 2 Polish, X.K.S 3 16 52 2 4 5 3 :>, 18 14 93 25 3 8 21 6 7 4 3 26 43 25 2 44 12 4 1 as i l l 4 74 5 39 15 25 Russian, X.K.S 292 101 4 1 1 8 1 16 1 40 6 227 63 9 1 33 2 10 10 18 2 16 24 351 Turkish 127 27 1 202 31 2 •> Arabian 1 2 2 4 9 1 1 3 ... „ 1 1 6 7 11 28 32 48 6 10 85 10,793 29 40 50 34 RSR 1.206 863 1,403 2.760 17,894 I3IJJIGRATI0X 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 TABLE IV Monthly arrivals of Immigrants for Canada, by Occupation and Destination, at the Port of St. John, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. c 1,306 0.406 1.937 273 393 309 10,793 720 1,854 2.920 3.785 G75 529 310 s 1 "o 7 s 2 1 9 4 ~3 Ha "i.7 in 2 ti s 4 19 5 40 24 2 9 2 16 5 50 11 "6 10 14 48 33 7 3 4 1 "3 10 7 3 7 2 880 859 Totals 34 658 1,403 2,760 17,894 16 "is 73 175 149 56 70 24 111 161 68 229 198 441 232 120 180 30 36 83 238 394 251 67 129 240 1 173 362 864 555 254 203 289 1 400 Ontario 3,075 5,044 4,957 1,133 1,044 1,240 1 Saskatchewan British Columbia n l 3 46 179 39 110 10,793 29 40 50 48 10 34 658 803 Totals 1.206 1,403 2,760 17,894 25— ii— 3 34 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TABLE Nationality, Sex, Occupation and Destination of Immigrant Arrivals for Sex. Trade or Farmers or Farm Labourers Class. General Labourers. Mechanics. OB s BO X I = 2 IS D J. ■a 5 13 DO £ B u "3, 3 "3 E 0 a © u IS O 1 S 5 • £ S IS O 10 2 93 4 746 9 2,994 134 1 2 121 118 10 23 36 61 4,004 92 851 443 26 19 2 6 34 153 6 3 1,017 3 2 2 2 51 11 230 74 4 U 23 247 142 30 2 6 1 4 48 5 2 13 4 42 2 1 16 6 28 17 e 122 14 816 9 3,792 225 1 2 193 118 10 45 72 128 7,314 129 1,401 640 62 32 2 6 106 317 6 4 3 1,048 3 2 3 3 74 25 292 101 4 15 40 6 351 202 31 2 9 1 6 85 3 2 2 0 1 2 3 29 1 2 2 Austrian, N.E.S. .. 1 1 3 4 89 1 706 9 2,893 130 1 2 48 97 8 4 5 30 873 9 108 107 6 2 1 3 7 50 4 1 4 7 2 3 23 19 Hungarian, X.E.S. . Slovak 472 44 326 47 7' 10 1 4 12 4 222 30 291 37 79 3 8 1 9 3 39 33 6 19 6 9 8 14 22 1 7 4 Dutch 5 35 30 1,856 24 330 130 36 10 17 1 37 1,454 13 220 67 3 9 9 12 1,038 22 239 119 1 1 1 4 7 300 2 46 23 4 11 263 2 63 25 9 6 12 1,413 40 372 128 6 11 1 1 21 96 1 2 3 4 8 577 5 75 26 4 1 12 4 247 3 26 11 9 259 3 19 8 15 576 Welsh Scotch 7 77 18 Greek "44 101 ""28 63 2 1 Hebrew, N.E.S 4 12 3 7 26 65 "l 1 19 37 Polish 1 1 17 2 14 2 3 998 ii 13 11 3 Japanese 1 1 6 1 24 4 Polish N.E.S i 1 17 4 36 23 6 10 26 4 1 1 38 6 183 67 2 7 9 1 1 1 1 4 3 1 3 "3 1 6 3 21 1 2 2 4 it Russian 4 1 6 1 Russian, N.E.S 12 1 "i 16 1 4 8 2 56 30 1 9 4 48 30 2 8 1 . 2 9 1 1 3 4 49 30 11 ii 7 26 10 174 94 10 5 5 8 11 21 15 8 1 Turkish . . . Egyptian 2 "2 26 1 11 2 1 2 2 1 1 18 16 1 6 Totals 11,913 3,454 2,527 17,894 1,633 435 455 6,805 634 727 2,378 835 797 U IMMIGRATION 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 V. Canada at the Port of St. John, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 190s. Occupation. Destination. Clerks, Traders, &c. Minei s. § 12 O ■J. c > 03 BO 03 "3 s Not Classified. DD 03 C3 S 03"r J J 3 8 J 03 a 0 •E 3 43 c O S 1 s c 03 is 03 g 03 ^0 m CO 03 < .3 B O j= 00 M 8 in 03 S 2 e u 2 Q 00 03 "a 00 3 aj 03 '3 8 BO s 03 s 03 h 2 2 O s 0 s 1 6 73 2 1 2 6 66 494 38 1 1 21 2 338 1 2,328 49 8 2 6 5 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 "lO "39 "5 1 24 1 1 2 ] 3 3 1 4 9 9 4 4 103 237 8 571 10 l 13 2 1 217 7 1 13 2 13 3 131 14 137 114 1 107 2 17 24 9 42 1 5 6 10 1 3 51 24 1 23 77 7 2 11 1 73 6 1 33 8 57 1,290 21 279 130 1 20 7 •?, "3 8 550 5 116 30 "3 20 561 5 129 75 12 12 1 9 790 36 148 56 1 1 1 3 3 3 151 17 31 4 3 6 326 5 94 33 31 7 107 1 15 22 4 4 24 5 200 5 45 21 1 2 1 2 177 1 29 10 "3 6 7 533 12 77 28 30 20 1 49 9 699 7 172 83 3 2 18 2,890 43 480 238 28 3 422 3 164 4 38 10 124 "20 6 42 55 1 86 63 9 6 12 1 1 84 187 3 4 3 609 1 1 1 5 2 57 1 6 2 5 4 7 6 11 3 1 6 8 2 12 1 31 1 15 40 1 4 2 " 1 ... 1 •> 3 5 1 143 2 261 22 4 9 i 1 1 1 6 44 71 2 6 8 2 21 7 103 3 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 2 5 4 1 6 6 4 4 2 53 2 2 33 15 47 6 1 3 5 7 10 4 1 1 6 13 7 9 26 12 1 1 2 12 18 2 4 1 30 10 2 16 5 0 4 1 19 31 4 2 ?, 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 5 7 11 9 11 31 175 41 27 37 48 57 23 45 18 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 2 63 4 2 1 6 1" i 1 4 "5 11 1 11 2 1 3 21 9 625 237 163 287 61 83 880 185 372 302 1,400 3,075 5,044 4,957 1,133 1,044 1,240 1 25— ii— 3J 36 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 PORT OF Ql For the fiscal year 1907-8 there arrived at the porl of Quebec 146,142 passengers, of whom 7,210 travelled saloon and 138,932 steerage. Of the saloon passengers 0.412 were destined to Canada and 798 to the United States. Of the steerage passengers 122,028 were for Canada and 16,904 for the United States. Included in the steerage passengers for Canada were T.'.'^1 returned Canadians and 1,715 tourists, leaving the immigration proper at 112,324 souls, an increase over the twelve months ending March 31, 1907, of 2S.420 persons. Table T. deals with the total arrivals of saloon passengers, Table II. with the total arrivals of steerage passengers, Table III. with the monthly arrivals of immigrants for Canada and Tables IV. and V. give summaries of the information obtained from immigrants for Canada upon arrival. TABLE 1. NATIONALITY and Sex of Saloon Passengers arriving at the Port of Quebec, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. Canada, United Si n i - Canada and I'nitki States. o African, South. Australian. . . . Hungarian Belgian ( Ihinese Dutch.. . French . . German 9 1 13 1 -1 55 17, English 1.541 Welsh Scotch Irish Hebrew Italian Japanese Newfoundland. New Zealand Polish. Russian. Spanish Su iss Danish Swedish Syrian I '.S. ('ill/. -us. . . ( lanadian. . 13 298 70 1 7 12 1 4 35 1 11 4 3 ■J 39 i; C •.mi 1211 3 182 IS 53 5 1 2 l Tourists 42 1,062 1.154 148 Totals 260 3.425 2,649 4 24 1 IS 1 4 1IHI 23 2,652 16 4!>s 12.S 2 (I 13 3 -= -_ - -i U in 1 9 7 2 3 • Ml 161 2.377 13 421 3 3 mi 24S 365 1 28 1 641 3 in I 14 1 4 57 L'n 1,598 13 312 73 1 9 [2 1 4 1 338 6,412 337 2 5 2 3 283 1,064 262 1 11 4 1 2 "ill C 6 1,031 124 3 192 19 55 5 1 3 1 2 .» 1 2 5 2 1 1 4(17 1.154 155 127 31 31 161 13 798 3,762 3,076 37:2 4 25 1 20 1 I 1113 26 2,753 16 523 133 ■i 12 13 3 II 1 1 !l s 2 3 8 721 2.37H 430 7.21H IMMIGRATION 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 TABLE II. Nationality and Sex of Steerage Passengers arriving at the Port of Quebec, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. Canada United States'. ( Janada ami United States. 03 s -c EC 0 3D '3 5 c 3. o ■i. o Is S c CD IE u tr' c EH African, South. . Australian. Austrian, N.E.S Bohemian 19 24 492 is 1 1211 3 .1 5,53:> 246 1 314 S77 18 370 865 499 4 4 27,213 334 8,334 2,299 342 341 1.397 7 41 16 2.07" 5 s 5 144 10 65 10 o 163 6 65 37 31 799 34 1,256 3 3 S.618 441 1 608 882 18 647 1,493 1,158 5 5 60,28] 606 16. MSI 4.318 359 876 3.412 19 so ill 2.186 5 1 177 3 7 70 102 2 87 5 3 .•15 61 2 76 9 1 24 58 3 2 340 17 " 11 129 221 20 24 111 19 21 1.126 10 3 5,605 348 1 365 1,906 is 436 907 667 1 28,139 369 8,595 2,462 463 376 1.421 8 41 17 2.191 5 1 20 8 231 15 65 12 2 239 15 65 40 33 1,139 51 1,256 3 14 Dalmatian Galician Hungarian, N.E.S. . 1.479 87 160 4 ' ' 132 380 290 1 1 16,810 110 4.679 1,352 2 218 :H2 5 23 11 60 1.604 108 134 1 "l45 248 369 16,258 132 3,368 667 15 317 1.10.3 7 16 7 56 1.511 148 17s 15 "i79 413 418 1 1 2 17.551 159 4,905 1,491 3 258 930 6 23 11 84 i',628 166 "l56 4 202 269 501 3 16,782 146 3,541 710 17 372 1,142 7 16 7 67 3 8,747 662 1 51 1,029 66 42 168 is 11 47 33 128 1 22 3 57 21 132 3 91 1,043 170 96 428 4 1199 1,925 Chinese 18 Dutch German, N, E.S. SI 7 1,589 1,586 4 Prussian . English Welsh 3 926 35 261 163 121 35 24 1 1 741 19 226 139 1 40 18 1 524 14 173 43 2 55 39 4 2,191 68 660 315 124 130 81 2 9 62,472 t>74 Irish Greek Hebrew, X. E S.. Russian. . Polish 17,041 4,663 483 1,006 3,493 21 80 1 124 1 159 35 Italian 24 11 2.345 5 1 1 1 1 1 19 4 1 35 2 67 1 99 613 183 6 25 1 33 27 313 237 1 24 2 39 4 13 :;i 3 66 103 706 76 2 15 2 19 12 315 200 2 15 16 5 6 2:: ] 167 12 370 3 390 2.S46 7S4 32 124 11 161 80 1,364 974 53 94 3 147 27 59 3 4 1 51 2 70 1 134 1,371 707 6 31 2 108 27 718 932 1 25 3 41 4 870 " 42 3 67 130 1,456 306 2 17 5 67 12 543 533 2 15 16 6 205 24 1 Polish, X E S. " Russian 98 237 2 188 1,527 525 24 SI 8 109 41 ;:.ii ; 537 50 £5 1 92 18 40 3 36 "l3 2 39 1,307 1,017 15 1 165 16 3 8 "l 60 17 o 101 2,815 1.771 23 5 288 134 7 250 4 227 2,834 1,542 24 99 9 274 41 1,353 1,791 155 57 3 103 20 778 3 227 12 387 5 Roumanian Russian. N.E.S. . 35 758 524 6 1 75 27 750 230 2 3 48 491 5,661 2,555 Spanish 32 147 Servian Danish 16 449 80 Swedish 617 1,254 105 2 2 11 2 738 405 695 228 333 1,250 2,282 105 3 3 13 3 1,794 2,614 3,256 158 1 1 2 857 97 I 199 6 160 30 1". S. Citizens 1,853 3 Total immigration . . . r7,218 4,457 807 2S,708 2,729 835 26,398 803 73 112,324 7,989 1,715 8,738 5,020 3,099 16,857 65,956 4,457 830 33,72s 2,729 855 29,497 803 77 129,181 7,989 23 20 4 47 1.762 Totals 62.4S2 32,272 27,274 122,028 8,761 5,040 3,103 16,904 71,243 i 37,312 30,377 138,932 38 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 11 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TABLE ni. Monthlt arrivals of Immigrants for Canada, by Nationalists, at the Port of Quebec, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct, Nov. Totals. 5 3 184 5 553 2 5 185 14 396 3,437 73 1 109 22 5 174 242 167 1 13,759 109 4,013 1,096 105 72 518 31 12 345 5 12 91 2 134 1 761 41 5 5 129 2 60 2 296 28 3 2 57 2 41 12 2 61 8 63 5 2 92 1 9 1 2 295 26 37 Austrian. N.E.S 31 799 34 1,256 3 Dalmatian 3,253 188 102 33 384 52 3 8,618 441 1 161 -177 102 77 6 23 205 189 2 9,200 90 2,144 475 61 93 557 11 6 5 138 2 10 85 13 1 108 249 169 8,353 99 1,350 568 74 192 818 1 23 4 131 2 55 119 32 178 155 1 6,044 62 1,932 532 23 228 411 2 4 2 81 3 1 46 L>07 2 67 168 205 1 1 5,921 105 l.ns.-. 440 72 234 300 4 7 5 147 50 177 6? S4 103 2 2,728 35 638 187 15 39 304 7 4 51 f.u.s 882 18 Dutch German, X.E.S 176 367 170 2 647 1,493 1,158 5 Welsh 14,276 106 5,219 1.020 9 18 5l« 1 2 2 1,293 60,281 606 16,381 4,318 Greek 359 876 3.412 Polish 19 80 34 Japanese 2,186 5 2 6 1 1 14 1 65 1 25 23 1 Polish, N.E.S 59 1 43 19 8 49 35 106 3 80 460 156 2 28 6 23 49 254 84 6 45 12 2 63 28 19 167 12 370 3 Spanish 83 491 144 8 29 60 460 135 5 19 55 405 125 22 1 15 5 14!l 107 8 16 1 16 4 21 29 236 77 8 9 15 3 111 116 1 9 43 359 84 2 10 4 25 2 162 85 15 7 40 385 63 7 i 8 5 67 52 19 B 390 2,846 784 32 124 11 Danish 49 8 384 305 1 3 2 31 26 8 237 225 3 9 161 Icelandic 80 Swedish 1,364 974 53 94 3 20 25 19 5 16 2 6 2 23 1 6 1 16 1 6 147 27 7 8 59 3 Totals 29,344 26,190 15,829 13,844 10,883 10,600 5,634 112,324 IMMIGRATION 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 TABLE IV. Monthly arrivals of Immigrants for Canada, by Occupation and Destination, at the Port of Quebec, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. May. June . July. August. Sept. Oct. 1,596 2,244 3,753 1,128 562 802 515 Nov. 795 1,228 2,120 577 185 446 283 Totals. 6,750 8,541 8,879 1,920 421 1,463 1,370 29,344 6,979 6,383 8,186 1,822 411 1,655 754 3,323 3,066 5,950 1,546 355 830 759 2,388 2,261 5,897 1,432 442 777 647 1,468 1,927 4,085 1,322 399 854 828 23,299 25,650 38,870 9,747 2,775 6,827 5,156 Clerks Totals 26,190 15,829 13,844 10,883 10,600 5,634 112,324 327 7,080 10,591 7,174 1,832 1,387 953 236 5,692 10,361 5,813 1,613 1,504 971 223 3,901 6,942 2,377 730 829 827 186 3,829 6,008 1,831 547 635 805 3 143 3,189 4,438 1,328 444 530 810 1 189 3,002 4,228 1,124 509 530 1,018 83 1,916 2,246 585 219 199 386 1,387 28,609 44,814 20,232 5,894 ' 5,614 5,770 4 Manitoba Totals 29,344 26,190 15,829 13,844 10,883 10,600 5,634 112,324 40 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR » 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TABLE Nationality, Sex, Occupation and Destination of Immmigrant arrival- Trade oh Farmers or Farm Labourers Class. ieneral Labourers. Mechanics. 8 d E - 3 i U 0 H go a "3 BO s 3 Z - O 11 54 1 "3 X £ 5h £ Z i f. £ - ■i. South. . . Australian Austrian, N.E.S Rukowinian in 24 492 is 1,126 I 5,535 246 1 314 S77 is 370 865 4-19 4 4 27,213 334 S,334 •J. 299 342 341 1,397 7 41 16 2.070 5 19 98 7 237 2 188 1,527 525 24 SI 8 109 11 73j 537 m 1 92 18 40 3 8 5 144 111 65 in 2 163 6 6E 37 31 799 34 1,256 3 3 8,618 441 1 COS 882 18 1147 1,493 1,158 ."> 5 60,281 606 16,381 4,313 359 876 3,412 19 80 34 2,186 5 23 1 167 12 370 3 390 2,846 784 32 124 11 161 80 1,364 974 53 94 3 147 27 :,'. a 7 6 L46 9 418 1 2,372 95 124 24 1 89 412 171' 4 1 32 3 21 1 6 257 3 673 3 2 2,914 124 1 31 1 L3 l :.i i is ". 8 114 2 22 2 4 20 1 1 22 3 Hungarian, X. E.S. Ruthenian 1,479 S7 160 l 1.604 108 134 1 7.27 34 998 :.l 295 23 I7ii 38 1116 17 1 84 11 174 194 143 1 1 11.4H0 98 3,257 581 9 177 861 5 24 11 82 49 10 411 15 11 55 1 54 846 7 (13 81 118 2 5,341 36 1,845 .Mi] 223 86 3511 2 12 2 1.721 5 1 17 2 IT. 54 1" Bulgarian Dutch ... 132 380 290 1 1 L8.810 140 1.1.7'.' 1,352 ■> 218 912 £ n 60 4 1 2 67 1 9! 613 is: 6 2f 1 33 -'7 313 237 1 24 •_ 3! 4 13 145 248 369 16,258 132 3,368 667 15 317 1,103 7 16 56 31 3 mi 103 706 76 2 15 2 19 12 315 200 2 15 HI 5 i to 97 97 44 137 194 12 19 34 24 20 •■'7 r. 92 111 1 11,380 12 1,598 33 1 65 i;.-> German, Nf.E S Ml 1 :..899 85 1,917 7 is 99 40 67 ... . ■ - 2,039 17 is:' 129 19 21 2.49S 23 596 136 3 41 42 English ... . . 2.044 12 321 101 32 87 3,064 2" 43.', 130 11 78 140 7,267 53 1,617 23U Hebrew, N E.S Russian Poli 121 .M2 3 10 6 13 2 144 111 13 7 1 2 104 10 I 26 :;s il Italian 4 6 7 6 •.' Polish, N.E.S. . Austrian . . M Russian . . 19 2 49 1 4 1 11 L0 3 21 25 280 10 51 5 110 1 90 727 347 12 15 5 17 12 270 209 41 30 10 17 to 29 20 56 13 1" Roumanian Russian, N.E.S . Finnish. 36 302 57 4 25 L3 119 3 18 89 26 2 2 2 27 Mil 19 1 1 2 49 365 4.') 11 30 2 24 8 155 loo 4 HI 1 14 14 '_'.'. 190 9 ' 1 11 ft U 4 44 30 1 8 41 220 is ■i 5 9 5 1 Danish 62 Hi 13 14 2 14.'. 80 1 3 1 Swedish Norwegian Turki -I i 261 r.'i 2 4 81 53 17 36 S3 63 Gil 41 1 Ai menian Egyptian 3 3 11 7 8 1 1 2 4 1 3 51 15 4 3 8 2 3 2 5.014 1 5 1 Arabian U. S. Citizens . . . 1 Totals 57,218 2S.70S 26,398 112,324 13,892 3.921 5,487 17,302 3.334 18.381 '1.712 10.777 ii IMMIGRATION 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 V. Canada at the Port of Quebec, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 190*. Occu >ATI01 s, Tr &c. r. Z "s B CO Pa i. iders, a o Not Destination. ( Jlerk S iners. f. c > 93 rf} 93 'a fa Classified. 0 c s's ■B3- 1 a i 'a S3 C O X O '3 c S -= 2 % f. S u 9j Xi < I 63 4 63 '2 a s a 'to M 1 30 8 8 SO IS 'a -. •i. £ s - pa s 9) . 03 O 1 0 pa a a O c 0 > 4 1 3 5 2 1 5 6 9 321 587 1 2 1,805 77 1 220 55 14 185 727 298 3 2 12,563 108 3,829 1,012 47 744 1,906 3 52 24 1,700 5 8 6 14 97 148 2 1 1,016 89 22 4 191 13 360 "2 85 1 77 ■i 9 l li 3 13 1 41 3 28 9 1 1 L5 1 12 1 13 9 1 0 1 1 12 1 1 1 5 74 S 8 1 20 2 5(15 17 4 35 2 64 2 65 11 4,189 74 S97 is:; 43 3 571 5 70 75 ... . 2 2 ... 23 16 9 20 13 11 18 2 3 1 5 1 64 9 1 4 49 1 33 175 816 5 18 0 3 187 77 136 1 30,426 205 6,213 1,760 310 91 880 10 23 5 226 1 . 41 13 »7 21 10 12 23 2 15 11 17 59 56 7 63 13 1 2 12 10 .8 20 12 190 365 380 1 7,771 78 3,253 937 1 36 421 35 117 162 1 1 2,646 22 778 128 35 141 136 46 34 99 46 I » 0 2 5 1 2,823 70 868 232 2,975 37 958 390 10 1,730 14 488 185 1 14 101 1,300 14 341 110 773 72 182 18 293 15 81 7 425 17 155 3 3,244 23 1,405 488 1 24 155 2 8 765 6 175 61 1 2 14 1,074 12 297 108 s 33 1,704 5 224 52 1 10 43 626 8 220 41 1 51 3,422 I 115 .... 1,220 .... 208 ... . 36 44 206 1 80 4 43 ::i 97 2 3 9 4 5 3 2 6 1 2 1 IS 3 2 43 1 1 1 4 - 3 20 3 12 139 3 1 11 12 47 2 3 1 1 1 1 4 li 1 ... 7 20 36 3 2 8 2 3 11 1 22 ::::.' '2 2 4 74 2 197 1 261 1,084 76 3 64 6 42 146 82 14 71 3 101 25 26 3 23 5 4 1 11 3 1 2 19 21 3 1 1 3 29 1 2 5 1 4 84 2 37 480 593 5« 12 4 12 3 33 5 37 151 133 1 5 1 12 6 5 51 4 1 42 2 44 730 30 41 239 5 6 156 27 40 1 SI 75 2 11 4 25 115 51 3 3 2 7 19 19 22 3 .. 8 2 1 2 1 3 2 1 2 6 9 1 4 1 13 20 122 108 2 5 4 1 1 2 1 9 7 46 3 383 239 39 22 36 68 4D4 247 10 13 146 21 2 US 105 6 1 58 137 3 9 5 13 12 18 8 10 2 1 2 33 22 7 1 15 1 5 3 1 4 1 1 9 1 1 5 1 3 9 18 2 1 17 2 2 2 1 6 34 3 2 14 5 1 1 2 1 3 6 1 0 5 3 4 6,827 4,880 2,710 2,157 1,591 407 717 1,172 1,738 2.246 1,387 28,609 44.814 20,232 5,894 5,014 5.770 i 42 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 PORT OF VANCOUVER. For the fiscal year 1907-8 there arrived at the port of Vancouver 14,786 passen- gers, of whom 1,978 travelled saloon and 12,808 steerage. Of the saloon passengers 1,408 were destined to Canada and 570 to the United States. Of the steerage passen- gers 11,179 were for Canada and 1,629 for the United States. Included in the steer- age passengers for Canada were 1,977 returned Canadians and 2,636 tourists, leaving the immigration proper at 6,566 souls, an increase over the twelve months ending March 31, 1907, of 3,265 persons. Table I. deals with the total arrivals of saloon passengers, Table II. with the total arrivals of steerage passengers, Table III. with the monthly arrivals of immigrants for Canada, and Tables IV. and V. give summaries of the information obtained from immigrants for Canada upon arrival. TABLE I. Nationality and Sex of Saloon Passengers arriving at the Port of Vancouver, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. Canada. United States. Can ADA ami United States. to 'a BO 5 e u ■a '2. o X EO CD "3 CD la B CD c u ■r. 0 to* "a 2 2 o aa i 49 4 3 4 4 2 17 25 356 49 16 1 21 1 26 1 6 2 2 1 4 1 30 63 lis 1 111 6 3 4 11 2 '-'7 30 583 71 24 1 2 28 1 I.", 1 in 2 3 1 6 1 68 141 225 i 68 4 3 6 22 33 380 53 16 1 38 1 31 1 i 3 1 4 2 198 63 189 1 49 2 13 19 25 7 :.i 74 2 20 162 6 3 2 9 2 13 " 9 2 6 6 1 3 1 24 Dutch . 2 6 5 176 18 6 I 1 6 4 52 4 2 1 5 8 24 4 1 2 1 19 2 1 1 2 6 9 9 49 6 1 2 8 6 194 20 7 2 I 6 58 4 2 1 36 German. English Scotch 632 77 25 3 2 17 :: 20 48 1 17 2 5 2 1 8 19 3 53 Polish 1 1 3 1 3 10 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 4 1 2 2 6 1 168 1 323 2 [". S. Citizens 28 44 64 10 34 13 120 35 14S 44 95 45 34 15 391 141 41 31 2 74 299 Totals 837 ■:s2 139 1.40S 306 210 54 570 1,143 642 193 1.97S SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 IMMIGRATION TABLE II. *i Nationality and Sex of Steerage Passengers arriving at the Port of Vancouver, for the Fiscal Tear ending March 31, 1908. Canada. United State 3. Canada and United States. CO S i o to "3 tn 1 a V M 2 o "3 o H tn V "3 to 0» a fa Q 3 Ja o "3 0 2 57 1 1,017 8 3 71 1 30 11 4 5 2,568 28 3 2 3 10 2,389 32 "23 1 1 19 1 5 1 1 27 " 71 9 5 1 3 116 1 1,111 9 4 99 7 36 12 4 5 2,704 38 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 3 14 2,389 2 85 2 1,166 10 3 86 1 31 16 5 5 2,666 36 5 2 3 1 1 3 5 4 3 61 2,390 47 24 2 4 30 1 9 5 1 38 "75 "9 5 1 3 Australian 28 1 139 2 15 1 5 1 15 "l 1 3 11 4 4 11 '"4 54 1 144 3 3 26 5 9 1 170 2 Chinese 1,255 12 7 125 Welsh 7 41 21 5 113 8 23 2 5 98 8 5 1 2 20 4 4 1 5 118 13 14 1 2 133 12 4 23 3 5 2,822 New Zealand 51 14 2 3 1 2 1 1 Danish 1 2 2 2 "51 1 2 4 2 2 80 1 5 6 4 " 3 1 23 6 "26 " 7 3 U. S. Citizens 94 2,390 Total immigration .... 6,218 1,893 2,354 208 37 156 140 47 126 i;,:,r,i; 1,977 2,636 364 92 27 483 6,582 1,893 3,402 300 37 202 167 47 178 7,049 1,977 1,048 46 52 1,146 3,782 Totals 10,465 401 313 11,179 1,412 138 79 1,629 11,8/7 539 392 12,808 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TABLE III. Monthly arrivals of Immigrants for Canada, by Nationalities, at the Port of Van- couver, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. A | ir. May. June. July. Au- - Oct. X..V. I lec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Totals 1 4 4 t 21 1 102 1 II 4 1 1 19 3 Australian . ; 61 21 '.it (i 7 8 in; l ■ 119 mi 109 128 97 57 65 123 9 l.in 13 G b 1 7 2 37 I 1 3 1 5 1 1 ., 1 1 8 4 English Welsh ti 12 4 . 4 1 •-".I 4 1 8 1 99 Scotch 11 2 2 •i 43 6 7 5 1 3 1,480 5 1 l 2 i 517 ..... ^ 36 12 4 307 3 309 2 1 1 1 901 Japanese New Zealand- m S6 9 4 11 4 L',704 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Swedish jian. . . . ■» 4 47 1 2 1 102 4 2 3 U.S. < Citizens . i -1 37 145 284 42 6 ' 216 14 2,389 Totals 551 27-2 2S!> 1,700 588 1.339 1147 nit 426 1(17 90 3*4 IMMIGRATION 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 TABLE IV. MONTHLY arrivals of Immigrants for Canada, by Occupation and Destination, at the Port of Vancouver, for the Fiscal Tear ending March 31, 1908. £ u 0 >, < s 6 C ■r. O y O 1 > 0 1 s V V 0) PI 20 5 c 1^ u Si g I: 3 O 36 17 78 25 8 44 2 2 17 250 34!) 120 16 1.490 515 1,163 :,2i; 99 286 44 58 215 1,917 13 141 15 40 i * 6 14 :i 0 3 134 Clerks 94 53 111 103 31 116 93 9 02 02 10 116 S90 Miners 5 7 o 17 2 ? 3 2 6 50 Female servants . l :: 1 32 1 27 2 25 1 8 2 10 2 37 1 11 90 3 24 17 Not classed ... 53 5S 10 1 308 Totals ... 551 272 289 1,709 588 1,339 047 104 426 107 384 0,560 3 1 1 4 1 1 11 2 12 21 12 16 4 12 11 3 19 112 4 10 3 0 14 22 20 11 11 10 13 24 151 2 4 2 "2 548 2 2 1J297 i 3 000 647 3 1 14 3 2 :.li 551 4 25G 272 3 143 104 3 400 426 1 33S 18 British Colombia 284 1,683 86 107 74 6,257 Totals 289 1,709 588 1,339 90 384 0,500 46 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 11 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TABLE Nationality, Sex, Occupation and Destination of Immigrant Arrivals for Trade or Farmers or Farm Labourers Class. General Labourers. Mechanics. X r. CD "3 5 cs 9 o CO O to ED 0 e CD c CD IS o 00 CD "3 CD "3 S s R £ .■3 J3 D CO CD 15 a 00 0 i £ 2 IS African, South . . 2 57 1 1,017 8 3 71 1 30 11 4 5 2,568 28 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 10 2,389 32 "23 1 1 19 1 5 1 1 27 "n 9 5 1 3 116 1 1,111 9 l 99 7 36 12 4 5 2,704 38 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 3 14 2,389 1 6 2 4 7 2 19 2 5 3 7 1 9 1 255 1 6 3 2 2 1 2,279 4 1 9 German. . English Welsh 1 32 14 4 1 "2 "i 4 1 1 "ii3 8 23 2 113 7 4 2 New Zealand. . . . 69 1 17 19 9 2 1 1 1 2 1 - 1 Norwegian 1 3 2 2,260 3 1 1 4 1 1 86 Totals 6,218 208 140 6,566 236 10 4 4,826 73 18 117 9 8 11 IMMIGRATION 47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 V. Canada, at the Port of Vancouver, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. Occupation. Destination. Clerks, Traders, &c. Miners. O S 05 cc 05 05 Not Classified 09 05 W . a 8> .S£ .-Ph s 2 o 05 05 a & -** c O 93 o d cS 05 g 05 3 3 4 IS 3 "o -= CD •c n 0D a: a a 05 S- 2 O 05 05 s 05 d 05 u 2 o DD 05 "3 4) Is d 05 2 2 o 2 5 3 10 2 ... . 10 i 1 6 8 15 12 3 4 2 107 1 698 11 18 1 52 11 52 10 112 138 7 9 835 9 l 7 1 4 3 1 12 1 2 1 4 14 2 3 3 3 3 2 5 2 6 1 " i 3 "3 1 93 1 4 1 1 1 32 2 1 10 1 4 4 3 3 5 71 5 1 1 7 83 26 3 5 2 1 2,703 5 i 3 34 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 4 1 1 3 14 34 8 1 2,388 844 23 23 1 37 4 9 17 158 72 78 11 112 151 14 3 18 6,257 18 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 PORT Or VICTORIA. l'or the fiscal year 1907-8 there arrived at the port of Victoria 9,108 passengers, of whom 312 travelled saloon and 8,796 steerage. Of the saloon passengers 227 were destined to Canada and >5 to the United States. Of the steerage passengers 7,505 were for Canada and 1,291 for the 1'nited States. Included in the steerage passen- gers for Canada were 1,365 returned Canadians and 116 tourists, leaving the immi- gration proper at 6,024 souls, an increase over the twelve months ending March 31, 1907, of 3,182 persons. Table I. deals with the total arrivals of saloon passengers, Table II. with the total arrivals of steerage passengers, Table III. with the monthly arrivals of immigrants for Canada, and Tables IV. and V. give summaries of the information obtained from immigrants for Canada upon arrival. TABLE I. Nationality and Sex of Saloon Passengers arriving at the Port of Victoria, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. ■r. < ' \N IDA. Totals. I FXITKD Si vi k 1 ' Totals. ' ANA LA AM' UKITEII States. - v. ■r. ■i X S u — - - s X - 2 1 5 2 3 1 4 1 11 1 5 ■ i i i 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 11 3 1 5 :; 3 >> l 4 2 '.11 32 3 7 2 .... 1 . . 1 17 3 2 1 . 1 Chinese 11 2 1 3 90 6 1 32 2 1 1 3 1 1 9 2 4 1 125 1 8 1 1 6 English 3 126 1 16 1 1 4 24 6 1 1 2 21 2*> 1 1 5 33 1 1 1 Polish ::.:i ::. 1 9 1 34 24 9 67 38 25 72 "l 24 f . 33 H 2 2 4 8 4 1 13 Totals 159 59 a 227 45 31 9 85 204 no is 312 IMMIGRATION 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 TABLE II. Nationality and Sex of Steerage Passengers arriving at the Port of Victoria, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31. 1908. Canada. I SITED States. Canada and United States. Id in S B u o X "3 o H ■r. 05 £ 2 u o H to V "a § 31 5 E fc. IS 15 o rfi O 1 "is i 718 1 2 2 74 8 17 1 13 1 1 50 8 23 1 8 8 492 15 1 3 7 1 1 6 1 83 3 52 5 42 7 168 8 18 1 24 2 1 78 14 31 ) 8 8 598 31 1 4 7 1 1 8 2 146 3 2 84 9 664 1 1 15 1 1 84 13 24 1 11 11 4,857 16 1 3 100 1 1 6 1 90 231 56 5 43 7 10 1 647 1 4 183 9 Dutch . . 16 55 1 i7 55 736 1 1 German, N.E.S. . 2 9 1 2 9 1 2 26 2 Wurtemburg 34 5 1 .... "l 2 43 5 5 1 19 4 8 1 26 4 9 11 2 3 121 Irish 19 36 1 3 3 4,305 1 453 2 "67 4 3 3 4,SS5 7 11 11 101 13 1 5 3 554 15 72 7 5,483 38 1 New Zealand 1 4 93 1 94 1 101 1 1 1 45 i 21 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 43 1 20 8 o IT. S. Citizens 7 228 2 1 3 10 231 156 234 Total immigration 5,401 1,272 84 487 51 24 136 42 8 6,024 1,365 116 828 254 89 1,171 6,229 1,272 149 741 51 63 225 42 24 7,195 1,365 236 65 39 16 120 Totals 6,757 562 186 7,505 893 293 10." 1,291 7,650 855 291 8,796 ■l'o— ii-4 50 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR il 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TABLE IH. Monthly arrivals of Immigrants for Canada, by Nationalities, at the Port of Victoria, for the Fiscal Tear ending March 31, 1908. d u a. < § 1-5 - 00 i 3 < - z a -r. 3 i U O u m s > o P u B s b 9 C .a P u d s 1 X S 43 9 3 1 38 2 6 1 1 1 15 1 51 44 65 72 59 128 76 44 48 1 2 35 58 718 Dutch 1 1 1 2 7 1 1 2 English. . . 8 4 1 12 1 5 2 1 840 5 11 2 4 2 1 43 5 5 1 2 284 5 3 3 434 1 15 764 342 926 23 395 1 17 195 330 103 135 137 4,885 7 15 "i l 72 S 94 1 5 51 6 fi 2 17 1 37 "i "25 1 " i 10 15 231 Totals 398 5131 815 967 431 1,010 5S5 289 452 187 179 198 6,024 IMMIGRATION 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 TABLE IV. Monthly arrivals of Immigrants for Canada, by Occupation and Destination, at the Port of Victoria, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. — 1 < 6 c i-s >■. ■3 hi bo 3 < a o o o >' o a c >-5 u Totals. Agriculturists General labourers 70 HM 17 110 3 81 287 171 242 18 23 350 228 38 116 114 19 75 38 2 67 431 434 276 13 119 31 137 145 183 25 141 3 3 85 77 149 17 19 2 25 76 257 10 83 1 1 25 50 70 8 48 2 12 107 10 28 1 14 89 4 71 6 1 13 1,711 1,990 202 Clerks 111 1112 159 1,049 88 1 2 9 94 398 149 159 ! 191 9 21 975 Totals .513 815 9fi7 1,010 585 289 452 187 179 198 6,024 British Columbia 398 398 513 513 815 815 967 431 1,010 585 289 452 187 179 198 6,024 967 431 1,010 585 289 452 187 179 198 6 024 25— ii— 4J 52 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR ii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TABLE Nationality, Sex, Occupation and Destination of Immigrant arrivals for Skn. Trade oh Farmers or Farm Labourers Class. General Labourers. Mechanics. CO 0) s j. — E c 1 DO a Si u '£ O - ~5 -1" S 3. u 2 0 -f. "3 -. 1 1 27 X - = s 1 c 3 6 10 l 647 1 2 34 1 3 3 4,365 1 93 7 228 4 "ie 1 15 1 718 1 2 43 5 5 3 3 4,885 7 04 1 10 231 3 . • 4 1 Dutch 28 176 1 2 6 1 1 7 2 3 1 5 1 1 1 13 1 1 Irish 1 3 1 3 Greek 1 1,488 1 41 Japanese 4:53 2 1 1 2 117 4 1 3 1,543 91 11 78 1 17 73 IS 1 3 4 . Swi-* IX. S. Citizens 1 30 \ 166 *?! Totals 5,401 487 130 r,,024 1.K08 92 11 1,884 82 24 170 10 II IMMIGRATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 _ SI V. Canada at the Port of Victoria, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. 53 OCCUPATION. D Clerks, Traders, &c. Miners. to +3 > a> » IS a Not Classified. a* 93 o s c 6 to 1 S o5 "3 £ o ■§g •- - JS 2 -a a. 3 3" .9 ■*- o 3 s C d 3° go 8 est-. ■2 1 5 3 19 1 6 3 1 1 8 15 29 29 1 380 718 1 1 5 1 1 2 1 2 43 1 3 5 1 74 3 1 3 525 56 5 2 8 ! 662 200 1 31 4,885 3 3 94 i 1 2 1 1 3 1 10 29 2 231 i 955 66 28 85 3 9 699 213 63 6,024 54 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 UNITED STATES PORTS. Fur the fiscal year 1907-8 there arrived in Canada, via ports in the United States, 29,812 passengers, of whom 217 travelled saloon and 29,595 steerage. Included in the 6teerage passengers were 265 returned Canadians and 22 tourists, leaving the immi- gration proper at 29,308 souls, an increase over the twelve months ending March 31, 1907, of 4,460 persons. Table I. deals with the total arrivals of saloon passengers, Table II. with the total arrivals of steerage passengers, Table III. with the monthly arrivals of immigrants for Canada, and Tables IV. and V. give summaries of the information obtained from immigrants for Canada upon arrival. TABLE I. Nationality and Sex of Saloon Passengers for Canada, via Ports in the United States, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. Canada. Males. Females. Children. Total.-. Welsh 1 45 1 5 1 2 5 50 1 1 22 5 72 1 1 2 1 4 65 6 3 1 1 4 4 10 119 1 Totals 111 95 11 217 u IMMIGRATION 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 TABLE II. Nationality and Sex of Steerage Passengers for Canada, via Ports in the United States, for the Fiscal Tear ending March 31, 1908. Canada. Males. Females. Children. Totals. 2 3 642 14 178 3 388 200 646 133 120 1,231 69 216 314 4,043 131 703 437 11 12 492 73 419 34 2 6,656 1 1 60 410 3 184 239 1,258 147 20 18 20 36 197 129 281 68 1 88 8 3 9 2 1 122 10 15 4 4 84 10 4 848 34 197 7 1 118 58 4 104 62 010 320 132 133 911 Slovak 30 30 3 37 118 167 1,340 16 260 183 3 19 29 37 325 23 27 1 46 39 124 1,182 8 89 76 2 10 15 16 343 186 177 1,235 152 373 605 Welsh 7,165 155 1,052 696 Greek Hebrew, N.E.S 16 41 536 126 1,087 24 25 1 83 7 615 464 7.7X' 1 1 Polish, N.E.S 8 90 6 32 63 447 30 1 6 5 14 54 44 9 3 5 68 4 15 88 588 •9 1 I 38 40 0 4 73 568 13 231 390 2,293 186 21 25 32 56 289 213 Turkish 296 75 1 39 26 153 8 1 4 4 13 20,960 170 15 4,552 72 6 3,796 23 1 29,308 265 22 Totals ?1,145 4,630 3,820 29,595 56 DEPAHTUEXT OF THE WTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TABLE III. Moxthly arrivals of Immigrants for Canada, by Nationalities, via Ports in the United States, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. Apr. M:i\ . June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Totals 1 1 2 3 8 6 9 4 1 4 "l 88 5 4 Austrian, N.E.S Croatian 110 3 49 2 51 115 201 69 54 104 16 43 102 3,281 48 361 195 2 1 65 29 141 15 6 1,953 246 37 2 243 5 49 2 37 277 1(1 77 124 1,508 64 158 189 30 5 38 3 28 2 11 20 4 12 18 7 28 100 7 4 177 19 3 848 34 197 7 3 1 5 45 4 14 1 2 13 14 113 2 17 9 1 1 6 6 66 ■1 64 10 10 5 6 1 32 2 11 4 Hungarian, X.E. S 27 36 175 23 123 4 38 67 474 17 158 55 1 15 10 174 9 24 49 6 40 36 154 49 24 2 11 48 14 128 5 496 15 24 71 9 13 28 14 30 51 122 2 27 43 1 2 20 11 126 15 382 31 19 77 28 3 40 7 24 48 113 3 27 24 7 15 73 7 142 2 369 44 47 45 13 6 .-Ki 24 26 39 74 19 24 11 68 2 48 6 330 92 38 34 13 276 11 12 45 63 2 16 32 1 "58 8 83 5 321 59 11 9 2 287 4 16 31 241 2 69 23 '"45 6 68 . 139 610 Magyar Ruthenian Slovak 320 911 186 Belgian Bulgarian Dutch 177 1,235 10 21 24 282 5 68 27 1 8 33 24 740 10 83 51 152 373 German Welsh 605 7,165 155 1,052 West Indian . . . 696 16 41 55 9 52 5 1,737 1 1 3 25 20 56 685 66 2 7 1 18 106 67 130 1 77 11 106 12 1 1,190 1 14 75 8 213 20 9 52 1 541 536 HeBrew, N.B.S. .. Russian . ii Austrian ,i German. 126 1,087 83 7,735 1 Portuguese Polish, N.E.S... ., Austrian ii German. 1. Russian. Roumanian Russian, N.E.S. Finnish "l 84 3 35 130 261 86 4 7 1 2 109 6 50 9 369 14 3 1 7 8 18 21 24 6 "l02 3 42 95 6 1 1 5 19 16 1 7 3 41 1 18 13 80 1 3 1 15 5 9 19 6 4 1 35 2 8 61 21 73 22 "23 31 67 3 1 1 3 15 7 1 1 11 66 "21 23 48 2 1 1 1 23 5 4 3 27 28 568 13 4 82 193 1 3 14 346 3 5 2 46 1 6 5 7 "-2 7 26 33 4 3 1 2 "7 3 " 2 2 1 3 4 70 2 6 '7 23 9 18 22 "l 1 1 231 390 2,293 186 21 2 10 11 9 19 1 2 13 8 60 25 32 Danish Swedish Norwegian Turkish Armenian . . . 10 40 35 37 3 56 289 213 296 75 1 4 5 1 2 10 51 10 6 2 14 21 22 153 8 U.S. Citizens. .. 1 7 2 1 4 13 Totals 7,765 6,120 3,335 1,684 1,234 1,311 1,164 1,610 1,671 519 935 1,960 29,308 IMMIGRATIOX 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 TABLE IV Monthly arrivals of Immigrants for Canada, by Occupation and Destination, via Ports in the United States, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. Agriculturists ( Jeneral labourers. . . Mechanics Clerks Miners Female servants . . . Not classed Totals Maritime Provinces. Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia '. Yukon Totals o 03 .2 o >> 1? < 816 _>■ B0 3 to 3 < S 0J 03 03 .O Q t O s 03 > O E o 0 3 « | 03 o 1 1,518 242 43 30 53 61 311 380 39 72 362 3,927 r4,165 2,438 2,004 1,036 675 717 656 846 667 196 358 621 14,379 1,712 1,140 401 203 173 136 100 139 215 100 182 238 4,739 343 384 118 68 103 65 38 43 93 54 89 143 1,541 63 49 29 23 6 19 16 13 6 t 9 9 249 265 130 137 79 57 72 55 92 161 20 65 94 1,227 401 461 404 232 190 249 238 166 149 103 160 493 3,246 7,(65 6,120 3,335 1,684 1,234 1,311 1,164 1,610 1,671 519 935 1,960 29,308 80 86 40 15 17 30 47 92 43 3 23 26 502 1,594 1,350 938 403 288 316 282 315 476 167 274 452 6,855 4,027 3,170 1,548 716 561 583 494 768 so;, 217 388 1,023 14,300 1,159 ■ 757 433 304 121 111 92 96 15H 61 71 184 3,540 289 321 142 70 65 64 106 164 52 5 36 68 1,382 243 210 118 35 57 62 48 61 79 16 59 84 1,072 370 222 116 141 125 145 95 114 65 50 83 123 1,649 3 4 1 8 7,765 6.120 3,335 1;684 1,234 1,311 1,164 1,610 1,671 519 935 1,960 29,308 58 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR It 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TABLE Nationality, Sex, Occupat ion and Destination of Immigrant arrivals for Sex. Trade or DO s z o o Farmers Fa nn Labi Class. or nirers s e u '£ o General Labourers. Mechanics. - B SQ "3 5 30 Is S t O m CD "3 - "a a c 5 u o 2 3 642 14 178 7 3 388 200 646 133 120 1,231 69 216 314 1,643 131 703 437 11 12 492 73 419 34 2 6,656 1 1 60 410 3 184 239 1,258 147 20 18 20 36 197 129 281 68 1 88 8 3 9 2 1 122 10 15 84 10 1 4 4 848 34 197 7 4 610 320 911 186 177 1.235 152 373 605 7,165 155 1,052 696 16 41 536 126 1,087 83 7 7,735 1 1 73 568 13 231 390 2,293 186 21 25 32 56 289 213 296 75 1 153 8 4 13 1 1 26 5 7 IS!) 14 20 408 152 7 1 150 187 (122 126 63 880 23 54 100 1,061 28 109 138 1 22 1 1 21 12 l" , 1 118 58 132 30 30 3 37 118 167 1,340 16 260 183 3 19 29 37 325 24 1 615 104 62 133 23 27 46 39 124 1,182 8 89 76 2 10 15 16 343 25 4 464 1 223 2 13 Hungarian, X.E.S 21 3 11 3 29 29 61 9 2 2 7 9 25 187 37 38 116 10 1 1 9 8 40 344 10 7 10 1 31 6 21 40 88 1,798 43 2S4 89 1 1 3 32 252 7 2 316 3 2 1 1 13 Slovak 3 14 340 1 1 10 Dutch 17 1 5 6 26 88 3 1 10 5 13 18 317 4 40 14 3 42 8 48 21 620 92 29 2 90! 6 74 11 4 15 330 Welsh 2 1 9 9 8 10 24 7 1 1 23 3 6 3 1 15 145 3 1 23 1 453 21 93 18 9 3 10 1 10 3 8 2 Hebrew N E S 5 ii Russian 1 3 124 1 4 Italian 967 32 28 5,275 1 1 15 389 1 154 205 778 139 11 9 17 18 146 84 150 69 220 218 16 Polish NES 8 90 6 32 63 447 30 1 0 5 14 54 44 9 3 5 68 4 15 88 588 9 1 7 6 38 40 6 4 26 2 2 2 1 41 2 50 2 16 2 17 8 177 6 2 3 12 23 25] 1 1 2 1 8 19 16 1(14 1 1 10 82 1 18 149 6 36 123 5 3 06 234 2 2 62 1 Roumanian Russian, N.K.S 1 51 1 1 2 2 6 7 1 2 3 1 11 18 2 2 3 2 8 22 24 11 6 1 8 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 4 4 4 2 3 3 1 2 4 1 1 3 1 Turkish 1 39 26 25 1 1 44 5 3 5 4 4 U.S Citizen 1 4 \ 1 Negro 5 Totals 20,960 4,552 3,796 29,308 3,218 324 385 12,214 883 1,282 3,400 717 62? 11 IMUIGRATIOS 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 V. Canada, via Ports in the United States, for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1908. OcCUPATIO> Destination. Clerk ers s, Trad- Miners. > m to Not Classi6ed. CO Ct> O = O 1* u EU .a 5 3 0 _Q 0 'a a a a 3 0 J3 0 *j c« J! OJ do 1 — 3 Males. "3 S a 8 2 o m . 1 ® ■•H ® S i fe c U 6 9 "3 as 53 5 £ 0 1 2 1 49 3 4 i 1 2 1 1 33 8 1 3 21 1 20 1 1 2 2 1 10 7 25 6 9 33 10 4 25 4 1 314 4 6 2 1 19 20 301 5 53 39 14 171 73 927 34 206 148 3 12 248 57 344 32 208 6 147 4 2 227 102 191 63 14 1,140 62 59 180 4,539 71 538 365 11 27 240 56 585 48 7 3,826 216 4 16 1 128 36 357 11 83 2 41 53 166 891 27 128 106 30 7 1 1 1 1 25 10 59 11 3 1 5 23 38 294 3 117 100 2 2 13 9 39 7 1 2 2 "i 3 1 5 34 22 463 10 58 39 6 7 4 7 16 1 2 2 1 1 1 38 14 11 9 10 "w 48 54 326 5 70 33 1 10 6 7 56 21 17 12 16 "27 13 32 347 3 49 32 2 5 4 4 26 25 7 "50 3 4 11 64 "J4 14 2 2 3 "6 156 98 37 3 5 22 23 60 20S 9 28 7 25 36 11 43 5 "4 20 72 251 5 53 27 29 3 7 61 17 4 6 41 42 282 9 85 28 1 2 2 ... 7 1 4 3 3 12 10 119 2 3 9 68 39 51 615 10 7 5 86 11 22 8 5 1 5 2 2 5 2 5 2 1 2 i 3 140 89 2 it; 14 5 16 "i 3 4 5 7 9 139 3 138 "3 9 "3 2 38 1 S 10 3 17 4 4 21 4 52 113 1ST 8 9 18 9 157 094 1 25 6 1 50 2 1 170 23 162 200 132 2,779 i 9 126 1 74 74 616 162 9 8 19 12 57 53 234 69 1 43 4 3 6 2 1 33 4 13 13 85 16 is l "i 16 "2 4 13 2 10 2 85 7 1 2 1 2 14 10 2 1 1 15 4 11 3 143 9 2 2 17 20 1 5 24 "*2 36 1 21 146 2 93 83 505 8 3 7 14 181 4 44 36 530 7 15 6 4 192 369 4 65 i3 11 1 2 1 5 2 158 2 11 1 79 14 9 4 2 29 10 1 11 7 1 6 4 1 1 3 2 7 2 3 10 40 19 2 3 2 1 1 5 25 21 1 ".3 1 4 1 1 3 "23 5 29 10 32 3 90 2 13 is 2 37 60 5 4 2 1 100 34 5 23 37 3 1 6 2 2 1 io 1 1 15 1 14 16 9 2 10 3 " 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 2 1,158 228 155 213 20 16 1,227 757 1,153 1,336 502 6,855 14,300 3.540 1,382 1.072 1,049 8 60 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR II 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 In my report for the fractional fiscal year 19O0-7 I remarked that the volume of work at headquarters had not shown any diminution, and I may now say that it has gone on steadily increasing. There were 163,115 attachments made to our correspon- dence files in 1907-8, as compared with 140,635 during the next preceding twelve months, and during the year now reported upon 430,336 requests for information, direct and indirect, were attended to, the total number of pamphlets sent out of my office during the year being 2,397,747. The following is a statement showing immigration literature ordered during the year :— Copies. Suggestions to Medical Officers 1,500 Immigration Act (English) 5,000 (French) 3,000 Last Best West (English) 173,000 " (Swedish) . 10,000 " (French) i 60,000 - ( German) . 50,000 " (Norwegian) 45,000 " (Dutch) . 20,000 - (Flemish) 25,000 " (Finnish) 25,000 Canada the Land of Opportunity 250,000 Canada West Magazine 10,000 Winter Wheat Pamphlet 175,000 Icelandic Pamphlet 10,000 Peace Eiver Trail Pamphlet 800 Book on Nova Scotia 100 Canada in a Nutshell 150,000 Work, Wages and Land 200,000 (German) 50,000 Atlas of the Dominion of Canada (English Edition) . . . . 25,000 " (Canadian Edition) . . 25,000 ■• (French) 25,000 " ■• (Finnish) 10,000 « •• •• (Flemish) 10,000 (German) 10,000 « •• " (Dutch) 10,000 " " •' (Danish) 10,000 « " •' (Norwegian) 10,000 " " '• (Swedish) 10,000 Philanthropic and Charitable Societies 2,000 Souvenirs et Impressions de Voyage au Nord-Ouest Cana- dien 100 Small Dodger (French) • • • • 50,000 Ontario Wants Farm Labourers 100,000 Nova Scotia pamphlets 31,500 Hungarian pamphlets 5,000 New Brunswick pamphlets 31,500 Ruthenian pamphlets 12.000 New Ontario pamphlets. . . .• 5,000 The Lake St. John Region (Settlers' Guide) 25,000 The Unemployed in Canada 20,000 Canada wants Domestic Servants 50.000 Canada Life and Resources 0,000 ii IMMIGRATION 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 llcrfis. Small Dominion Maps of Canada 31,000 Newspapers. Alberta German Herald 26,000 " " " Special Edition 6,667 Canada Swedish Weekly 18,000 " Special Edition 1,000 Der Nordwesten (German) 26.000 Danebrog • 12,000 " Two Special Editions, 500 eacb 1,000 Logberg (Icelandic) 52.000 Le Nouveliste 3,000 'Canada.* published in London, England 26,000 Saskatoon Phoenix. . 5,000 • The Ked Deer Advocate ' : . 1,000 ■ Le Courrier de TOuest 5-000 Saskatchewan Courier-German 8,360 The Canadian Hungarian 30,000 I have received a report from the Women's National Immigration Society, 87 Osborne street, Montreal, showing that this organization has continued its good work during the year. The Ottawa Valley Immigration Aid Society, which receives some financial assistance from the department, has also made a report showing that the society has had 2.946 visitors, has directed the settlement of 683 individuals, distributed 8.4Ti> pamphlets and given 8 lectures. The settlers have been placed as follows:— In Xew Ontario H ' New Quebec 220 Western Provinces ■'" Total./ 683 We have now three officers regularly employed in the deportation of undesirable immigrants, and two others who are called upon to act from time to time when required. We may. I think, confidently expect a falling off in the number of deportations as a result of the more stringent measures we are now taking to shut out undesir- ables. Dr. George W. Elliott, who is stationed at New York, reports that during tW' last fiscal year 22,472 aliens were landed at that port destined to different parts of Canada. Out of this number Dr. Elliott rejected 102 as disqualified for various reasons. In my last annual report I made reference to the demand in recent years for farm help in Ontario, and stated that in order to assist as far as possible in meeting this demand the plan would be tried of employing agents on commission. This plan, I may say. has worked well, and the commission agents appointed in Ontario (and a smaller number in Quebec) have altogether placed in employment about 7,000 farm bands during the fiscal year. Your obedient servant, W. D. SCOTT. Superintendent of Immigration, DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR ii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 OPERATIONS IN EUROPE No. 1. EEPOET OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER. Office of the High Commissioner fob Canada, 17 Victoria Street, London, S.W., June 13, 1908. The Honourable The Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to transmit herewith the annual reports of the immigra- tion agents of your department in Europe for the year ended March 31, 1908. These representatives at the present time are: — the immigration staff. Mr. J. Obed Smith, Assistant Superintendent of Emigration, 11-12 Charing Cross, London, S.W. Mr. A. F. Jury, Old Castle Buildings, Preeson's Eow, Liverpool. Mr. G. H. Mitchell, 139 Corporation Street, Birmingham. Mr. L. Burnett, 16 Parliament Street, York. Mr. M. Mclntyre, 35 and 37 St. Enoch Square, Glasgow. Mr. John McLennan, 26 Guild Street, Aberdeen. Mr. J. Webster, 17-19 Victoria Street, Belfast. Mr. H. M. Murray, 81 Queen Street, Exeter. Mr. E. O'Kelly, 44 Dawson Street, Dublin. Mr. Paul Wiallard, 10 Rue de Rome, Paris. Mr. Arthur Geoflrion, 10 Rue de Rome, Paris. Mr. Treau de Coeli, 23 Place de la Gare, Antwerp. During the year Mr. Murray was removed from Cardiff to Exeter, Mr. Webster from Glasgow to Belfast, and Mr. O'Kelly from Belfast to Dublin; while during the same period Mr. H. Mclntyre was appointed to take charge of the Glasgow office, Mr. John McLennan of the Aberdeen agency, and Mr. Geoffrion to assist Mr. Wiallard in Paris. The following is a list of the Canadian delegates appointed during the year to visit the United Kingdom for the purpose of promoting emigration: — Mr. C. A. Aylesworth, Mr. E. E. Brewster, Mr. J. Robert Brown, Mr. A. R. Bredin, Mr. Allen Cruikshanks, Mr. Andrew Dalgarno, Mr. W. Moulding Baker, Mr. Donald Grant, Rev. Andrew Galley, Rev. A. Garritama, Mr. Geo. Gibbard, Mr. John L. Gray, Mr. John Hay, Rev. James Lawson, M. Edouard Montpetit, Mr. Alex. McOwan, Mr. J. T. Mayor, Mr. H. F. Morel, Mr. Henry Goodridge, Rev. Geo. McArthur, Mr. Hugh McKerracher, M. Edouard Parent, Mr. Wm. Patterson, Mr. Thomas Parsons, Rev. Father Royer, Mr. W. J. Smith, Mr. Geo. L. Stewart, Mr. W. West Mr. James Robinson of Larne was also appointed to take charge of an exhibition wagon to travel through Ireland. ii IMMIGRATION 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 During- the year Mr. Bruce Walker, the recently appointed Assistant Superintend- ent of Emigration in London, has exchanged posts with Mr. J. Obed Smith, who held the office of Commissioner of Immigration at Winnipeg. The condition of financial and industrial affairs in Canada towards the end of 1907 exercised a decisive effect in diminishing the volume of emigration from Europe to the Dominion, but while this is the case, there still remains much scope for official activity, as there is occasion for increased effort in supervising and inspecting the class of emigrants proposing to proceed to Canada, with a view to eliminating the unfit and the undesirable. There is always a large number of persons, both in this country and on the con- tinent, who desire better opportunities of improving their positions, and who possess all the qualities that go to the making of good settlers. Such persons ordinarily emigrate of their own volition, and one of the problems in dealing with emigration, along lines necessarily of a general description, is to place before this class the attrac- tions of Canada, without at the same time, and by the same means, influencing others pf a much- less desirable sort, for the natural effect of an over-zealous propaganda must be to tend to draw unsuitable persons to the Dominion. • During the past year or two the various emigration bodies and societies in this country, founded for more or less charitable purposes, have exhibited great energy in their operations, and have doubtless been mainly responsible for directing to Canada that class whose presence — chiefly in the industrial centres of eastern Canada — has given rise to a congested condition of affairs. In addition, the abnormal scarcity of labour in Canada during 1906 and 1907 no doubt somewhat embarrassed employers of labour, and men were engaged at high wages who, under ordinary circumstances, would not have been considered employable. This, it is suggested, led to misapprehension, and it was too readily assumed that any and all sorts and conditions of men could find employment in Canada, and was in part responsible for the congestion which ensued in some of the towns of the Dominion towards the end of 1907. Official action has, as usual, been carefully confined to the encouragement of ' agricultural emigrants,' that is to say, those persons possessing a knowledge of farm life, and those intending to embark in the same on arrival in Canada; railway con- struction men, and female domestic servants. The exercise of the restrictive powers provided for during the present session of the Dominion Parliament will no doubt prevent the emigration of as many ' undesir- ables ' as was the case last year, and will doubtless ensure a better type of immigrant. So far as I am able to judge, official and public sentiment in this country realises that the action of the Dominion government, in taking measures to prevent indiscrim- inate immigration, was justified by the conditions which have developed. Nevertheless, it may be expected that a large number of persons who may not be able to comply ^to the letter with the regulations that have been devised, will, in consequence of the indus- trial position here and on the continent, desire to emigrate to Canada. A great* number of these persons, although engaged in towns and cities, have had some experi- ence of farm life, and in cases where the probability is that they may become good farmers or efficient farm labourers, the regulations will no doubt, with advantage, be administered in a generous manner. Cases have repeatedly transpired in which recorders, chairmen of sessions, and others, have postponed passing judgment on transgressors against the law, on the con- dition of their being sent to Canada. I have drawn the attention of those concerned to these cases, stating the strong objection which was felt by the people and the govern- ment of Canada in respect of them, and at my request wide publicity was given to the matter in the press, and it was hoped that as a consequence such practices would cease. This hope was not, however, fully borne out, and I ultimately brought the matter offi- cially to the notice of the Imperial authorities, with the result shown in the appended correspondence : — • 64 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 11 8-9 edward vii., a. 1909 'Office of the High Commissioner for Canada, ' June 28, 1907. ' Sin. — 1 beg to state, fur the information of the Earl of Elgin, that from time to time the Canadian government has had brought to its notice that, on occasions magis- trates and others in this country have agreed, on the representation oi interested per- sons, to defer passing judgment on transgressors against the law on the condition of their being sent to Canada. ' In November, 1905, I had a correspondence with the recorder of London in regard to a young man who was convicted of obtaining money by false pretences, but was nol sent to prison but allowed to go to Canada. I then communicated to the recorder the strong opposition which was felt by the government and people of Canada to the send- ing to the Dominion of any person convicted of a crime, having exhibited criminal tendencies; and at the same time directed attention to the provisions of the Canadian Act respecting immigration and immigrants ( C> Edward VII., chap 19), under which powers are given to prohibit the landing of, and to deport, any undesirables or criminals, such powers being rigidly enforced by the Canadian authorities. ' Attention was widely drawn to the correspondence at the time, both in the press of this country and of Canada, and it was hoped that, as a consequence, the practice! complained of would cease. 'It would appear, however, from the enclosed copy of a letter from the Criminal Investigation Department to the Assistant Superintendent of Emigration in connec- tion with my office, dated the 15th ultimo, that such is not the ease; and it is feared that the course to which objection is taken may have been adopted to even a larger extent than has been apparent. ' In these circumstances, the Canadian government greatly desires that, it' possible, some notification of its views on the subject may be conveyed to magistrates and others concerned, in order definitely to put a stop to the sending to Canada of persons con- victed of crime. I therefore venture to bring the matter to the attention of Lord Elgin, with a view to such action being taken as His Lordship may deem advisable. ' I am, sir, 'Your obedient servant. (Signed) ' STRATHCONA. 'Tin' Under Secretary of State, •Colonial Office, S.WY (Enclosure.) • Criminal Investigation Department, New Scotland Yard, 'London, S.W., May 15, 1907. 'To the Assistanl Superintendent of Emigration, ' Interior Department of the Government of Canada, • II and 12 Charing Cross. S.W. ' Sit;, — With further reference to your letter of the 2nd instant, regarding the encouragement given to criminals to emigrate to Canada, I have to acquaint you, for the information of the Superintendent of Immigration, Ottawa, that the circumstances relating to the two eases to which you refer are as follows: — •Arthur Lloyd, who laid been twice previously convicted for burglary, once (for embezzlement ami once as a rogue and a vagabond, was arrested on March 10 last and charged with committing a burglary at. Lancaster Lodge, ISayswater Road, W. For this offence he was tried at the North London Sessions on March 2G and was put back for sentence till April 111 for inquiries to be made with a view to his being sent to Canada. On the latter date be appeared before the court and was bound over in the sum of £5 to come up for judgment, if called upon, being handed over to his friends on the condition that he went to Canada. ii IMMIGRATION 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 ' With regard to Charles Stevenson, alias Charles John Parr, this man was arrested on March 3 last and charged with stealing a kit bag and contents, value £25, from a guard's van at Euston station. After appearing at Clerkenwell Police Court he was, on March 26, arraigned before Mr. Robert Wallace, K.C., chairman of the North Lon- don Sessions, who postponed sentence till April 10 with a view to Parr's parents send- ing him to Canada, and in the meantime for Mr. Wheatley, of St. Giles' Christian Mission, to make the necessary arrangements. ' The prisoner, who had been previously convicted of stealing luggage from Euston station, appeared before the chairman of the sessions on the 10th ultimo. He (pri- soner) declined to avail himself of the assistance of Mr. Wheatley to send him to Can- ada, and was sentenced to four months' imprisonment with hard labour. ' I am, sir, ' Your obedient servant. (Signed) perienced last year, and any suggestions that had to be made to them were cordially adopted. It was of course made very clear to them that outside the capitalist classes ii IMMIGRATION 75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 the only emigration encouraged by the department was that of men able and willing to take up agricultural or railway construction work and female domestic servants, and in regard to the latter it is worthy of mention that a decided increase has taken place in the number of inquiries from young women. The season which has just opened of course does not promise as well, the combina- tion of circumstances existing in Canada, the warning notices published by the de- partment, and the restrictions imposed, having had a deterrent effect as regards num- bers, although the average quality will be still further improved, and in this connection it may be noted how large is the demand for second-class accommodation on the steamers. Another temporary adverse influence will be the Small Holdings Act, which enables county councils to acquire land to be rented to men desiring to cultivate 50 acres or less. The Board of Agriculture has taken exceptional steps to make the provisions of this Act known among farm laborers, meetings having been addressed all over the country by officers of the department ; the consequence has been that in the aggregate many thousands of acres have been applied for by the very men wanted in the Dominion, and many of whom doubtless would have attempted by emigration to satisfy their land-hunger and improve their position. But in my opinion the quantity of land they can rent (the Act does not contemplate ownership), will stimu- late their ambition to assume larger responsibilities, and the future will see them or their families emigrating, and better fitted both pecuniarily and in character, for the change. My time has been fully employed on much the same lines as in former years; in addition to office duties, attending and exhibiting at agricultural shows, visiting ship- ping agents, supplying them with printed matter, making suggestions as to their work, and furnishing them with information on current Canadian topics which should assist them to satisfy inquirers, arranging for lectures, for itineraries for delegates from Canada, for the motor exhibition car, and maintaining an oversight in regard to many other things to which attention is necessary. During the year the office has been visited by the Deputy Minister, Mr. W. W. Cory; the Superintendent of Immigration, Mr. W. D. Scott; and the Assistant Super- intendent o* Emigration, Mr. J. Obed Smith, besides many Canadians who were visiting relatives and friends in the district. A total of 3,965 persons visited this office. We sent 4.207 and received 3,803 communications. Tour obedient servant, G. II. MITCHELL, No. 5. REPOET OF ME. L. BUENETT. 16 Parliament Street, York, March 31, 190S. J. Obed Smith, Esq., Assistant Superintendent of Emigration, London. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my annual report for the year ending March 31, 1908. As you are already aware this office has only been open a little over one year, fnJ during that period my time ha? been actively employed in the interest of Canada, and I have no hesitation in saying with satisfactory results. 76 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 I attend the weekly markets and monthly fairs in York and the surrounding towns, which are always well attended hy farmers and men of the agricultural cla-s. There is plenty of scope for me at such assemblies as those to instil into the minds of these people the advantages of emigration, and to point out to them what chances there are in Canada for a successful career. The two sets of slides which I have I find very useful to me in my lecture work, and when not in use by myself I always have plenty of applications for them from people who have visited Canada, and who were so favourably impressed that they desired to give a course of lectures in the neighbourhood in which they live. I have a great many applications from children and school teachers for literature for school use, and whenever possible I comply with their requests, thereby getting the parents and brothers and sisters interested in Canada. During the winter I have had some very interesting conversations with young men who went out to Canada two years ago, and came over here for a holiday. They speak in the highest terms of Canada, and have induced others to return with them. The unfavourable reports from Canada during the last few months have had the effect of checking emigration to a certain extent, but I am under the impression that it will be a good thing for Canada, as there were some emigrating who were no good to this country, and never will be to any country, and I am satisfied that it will be to the interest of Canada for me to continue to send 'quality' instead of 'quantity.' The longer I am engaged in emigration work the more I am impressed with the fac( that it behooves those of us who arc soliciting men and women for that country that the best are none too good, and undesirables are not needed at all. Tour obedient servant, L. BURNETT. No. 6. REPORT OF MR. M. McINTYRE. 33 and 37 St. Enoch Square, Glasgow, March 31, 1908. J. Obed Smith, Esq., A—istant Superintendent of Emigration, 11 and 12 Charing Cross, London, S.W. Sir, — In submitting my report for the year ending March 31, 1908, it is possible for me to make reference only to the months from, and including, September, 1907, to March 31, 1908, that being the period during which I have been in charge of the district in Scotland operated from the Glasgow office. During that period of time, the number of emigrants leaving this district for Canada has been smaller than for the same period the previous year. This is due to :. combination of circumstances. The general financial depression throughout the United States having to a certain degree affected Canada — and in fact, the British Isles as well — Scotch ' canniness' took possession of the people, and they became very backward in the matter of emigration. Following this came newspaper reports grossly exaggerating the condition of the unemployed in Canada. The government's warning to emigrants not to proceed to Canada until spring has had the desired effect of keeping out numbers of undesirables, and of course, which was unavoidable, somei irables have also held back. While the numbers have been reduced, it i- gratifying to note that those going have been of ;i most superior class, the latest sailings -bowing a fair increase in numbers. ii IMMIGRATION 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 One policy of the government to be highly commended, is that of sending farmer delegates to this country, to meet the agricultural classes and give information regard- ing Canada, giving their own experience as examples of how one can succeed, if a willing worker. Another source of bringing Canada before the people, which is very much appre- ciated, is the use of lantern views of the country. I find that a number of persons having the welfare of Canada at heart, enjoy exhibiting these views and lecturing to different organizations throughout the district. I myself have used them on a num- ber of occasions when talking to an audience in an endeavour to place Canada in its proper light. While the numbers for the year may not be all one would wish, still, as a whole, I believe the quality will be most satisfactory. Your obedient servant, M. McINTYRE, Canadian Government Agent. No. 7. REPORT OF MR. JOIIX McLENNAN. Canadian Government Office, 26 Guild Street, Aberdeen, March, 31, 190S. The Assistant Superintendent of Emigration, 11 and 12 Charing Cross, London. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the report of the Aberdeen office for the year ending March 31, 190S. Although I have not personally the advantage of comparing the work of the past year with those preceding it, the office having been opened only two months last year, yet I have the assurance from every source, that it has been the most successful in the history of Canadian emigration from the north of Scotland. In addition to the office duties, I have visited during the year nearly every booking agent in my terri- iory, and conferred with them and others interested in our work. I have also delivered a large number of lectures, part of them illustrated by lantern slides. To avoid dis- appointment hereafter, I think it is only fair to say that in my judgment we have reached high water mark as far as it relates to farm labourers, especially that of skilled and experienced labour. The area of cultivated land in the district is very limited, hence the number of people required for the ordinary farm work is limited. The last three or four years have made a heavy drain upon this class, and in sections where there was a surplus of men a few years ago, there is now a scarcity and wages steadily increasing. To such an extent is this true that the farmer has become an active agent against our work in the best localities, and they have used the many conflicting1 reports of the past four months very effectively to pursuade men not to leave. While a certain surplus will always be available, yet I think the maximum has been reached. Besides, we are now confronted on every hand with the active assisted emigration policy of the Australian, States and Dominion of New Zealand. The almost uniform success of those who have gone to Canada, has endeared the country to the friends at home, and we have a warm greeting everywhere and in every place, except from those who for selfish purposes would have labour a drug on the market. 78 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR II 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Although the field for skilled agriculturists is limited there is still a large number to be reached among the crofters in the highlands. These people, inured to hardships and living in poverty, although entirely ignorant of farming as it is conducted in Canada, make excellent settlers, and the want of means to take them out is the only thing that prevents thousands of them from going. We may look for a liberal supply from this section to continue yearly as they acquire the means to leave. Tour obedient servant, JOHN McLENNAN,. Canadian Government Agent. No. 8. REPORT OF MR, JOHN WEBSTER. 17 and 19 Victoria Street, Belfast, March 31, 1908. J. Obed Smith, Esq., Assistant Superintendent of Emigration, London. Sir, — I beg to submit report of my work for the year ending March 31, 1908. The spring of 1907 was a record one as regards emigration from Scotland to the Dominion, and the ships which left the Clyde were usually filled up at least a month previous to date of sailing. Some of the steamship agents expressed themselves to me that ' the difficulty lay not so much in finding emigrants as in securing accommo- dation for them.' Indeed, large numbers had to postpone their departure for weeks on this account. As often as I could spare the time I travelled on the ship from Glasgow to Greenock, and thus had a good opportunity of going round and advising emigrants. The steamship companies tell me that the second cabin accommodation was far more in demand than the third, which is an evidence regarding the respectable class from whom the emigrants were recruited. The statistical board of trade return shows that 20,699 persons left Scotland for Canada during five months, April to August, as against 13,413 for similar period in 1907. With the commencement of the fine weather the large exhibition wagon was put on the road, and was for a considerable time in charge of Mr. Edgar, and later, for several weeks, in care of Mr. McLaughlin from Prince Edward Island. „ During the summer I visited many of the steamship agents in my district Jfor the purpose of posting them in their work, seeing that they were supplied with literature, and that I might, in accordance with instructions, be able to report on them to the Superintendent of Immigration at Ottawa. An occasional visit from the government agent has a useful effect on the steamship agents, and stimulates them to keep Canada well to the front. Where an agent has a good window in a prominent position I was glad to furnish him with grasses and grains for exhibition. Some of the agents made very good use of them. Towards the end of August the Superintendent of Immigration instructed me to take charge of the work in the North of Ireland, in the room of Mr. O'Kelly. who had been appointed to thi net* office about being opened in Dublin. On the 5th September I transferred to Belfast and spent a couple of days with Mr. O'Kelly, who spared jio pains to explain everything connected with the working of the office. On the 7th September I took charge, and Mr. O'Kelly proceeded to Dublin. ii IMMIGRATION 79 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 I was glad to find the office established in a good central position and in c proximity to the offices of the prominent steamship agents. Belfast is a fine city, and a splendid centre from which to look after the Canadian interests in Ireland. I am pleased to discover in the north of Ireland an amount of sympathy with Canada which is helpful to my work. The attitude of some of the papers in Belfast has been very satisfactory. I would specially mention the ' Belfast Evening Telegraph,' which has been publishing most favourable illustrated articles depicting farm life in Canada. The editor is one of the journalists who last year visited the Dominion at the invita- tion of the government of Canada. In September, 1906, the Canadian Bacific Eailway Company arranged for a fort- nightly service of their ships to call at Belfast. I am glad to say this experiment has proved a distinct success, and Belfast and Londonderry are now the principal ports of departure for north of Ireland people. On Thursday, March 26, 1908, one hundred and thirty emigrants sailed for Canada from Belfast by SS. ' Lake Manitoba.' One of the democrat wagons, with grain exhibit, has been travelling through Ireland since July 20, in charge of Mr. Robinson. I kept him continuously going during the open season until December 21. The work of the wagon was of a most useful nature. It visited almost every district, village and town in the counties of Antrim, Derry, Tyrone, Armagh, Monaghan, Fermanagh, Down and a small portion of Donegal. As far as possible I arranged that visits to towns should fit in with markets and fairs. Mr. Eobinson had thus a fine opportunity for meeting country people and distributing literature. I would recommend that this work should be continued when the season opens and when the fine weather comes. During last winter I visited a large number of the steamship agents in my dis- trict, and reported on some who had not already been reported upon by Mr. O'Kelly. There is no question but that the liberal bonus paid by the department acts as a great stimulant to the steamship agents to do work for Canada. During the winter there has been a fair demand for the use of our lantern slides for lecturing purposes. Three Canadian farmer delegates, Messrs. Delgarno, Bredin and Batterson, were, this spring, placed under my direction. I had the services of these gentlemen for about two weeks, and arranged engagements for them with the principal steamship agents in my district. Their presence at these places was well advertised, so I trust their work may show good results. There were 3,637 letters received, 4,405 were sent and 5,S55 persons made personal inquiry at thio office. Your obedient servant, JOHN WEBSTER, Canadian Government Agent. 80 DEPAHTMEXT OE THE IXTERIOIi it 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 No. 9. REPOET OF ME. IT. M. MURRAY. 81 Queex Street, Exeter, March 31, 1908. J. Obed Smith, Esq., Assistant Superintendent of Emigration, 11-12 Charing Cross, London. Sib, — I have the honour to report on the work of this office for the year ending March 31, 1908. The removal last year of my headquarters from Cardiff, South Wales, to this city, has been a most satisfactory change — a change which enables me to work efficiently in the agricultural centres of the west of England, and at the same time to reach South Wales, Hereford and Monmouth within a few hours. In Devon, Somerset and Hereford we have the right sort of agriculturists — strong, strapping and healthy fellows, men who are not afraid of hard work, and will do, and have done, well in Canada. I have not the figures before me, but I am certain that last year's emigration from my district exceeded to a large extent that of any previous year, and what was of more importance, we had the quality. During the season I was frequently present at Exeter railway station when batches of emigrants were pass- ing through from all parts of the west, and could not but admire the generally healthy appearance and capital physique of the emigrants. I am glad to say that not one case of non-success has been reported to me. This is, I think, highly satisfactory. In the district covered by this office there are placed by the steamship companies 440 agents. Some of these men are capable and energetic workers. Others, and many of them, are absolutely useless, both from their social standing and ability for the work. Again, in some small county villages, there are very often placed two or three agents representing the same lines of steamships, the result being that one will not go to the expense of advertising in case it might benefit his opponent. The same thing applies to several large towns and cities. Cardiff, for instance, has eleven agents; Swansea and neighbourhood twelve. Fewer agents but a better class of workers would in many cases be more profitable and acceptable if the steamship com- panies could be brought to see it. Devon, Somerset and Gloucester continue to show the best results. Wiltshire ha9 done better than before. Dorset comes along slowly, whilst South Wales has main- tained its average. Cornwall produces the typical navvy, splendidly suited for rail- way construction work, but during the past year the tin mines and stone quarries situated in this county have been fully employed — in fact, many mines which had been closed for years were re-opened, thus lessening the possibilities of getting any large number of these men for Canada. On the whole, when we take into consideration the many adverse reports regard- ing the conditions of employment in Canada, I think the results obtained have been satisfactory. Apart from the usual routine of office work I, as usual, set apart several days of each week to visiting booking agents, so as to observe how they are advertising Canada, seeing intending settlers at their offices and keeping them well posted as to Canadian affairs, especially in regard to emigration, pointing out the prospects for agricultural settlers, construction men and female domestics. ii IMMIGRATION 81 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 The bonus of one pound paid by the department to booking agents on the special adult classes who enter Canada for farming work, railway construction, and also on female domestics, is acting in a satisfactory manner. As a rule, agents realize that a certain sense of responsibility rests upon them to select, where possible, the very best material to earn the bonus. I The windows of this office now present a very attractive appearance. Trans- parencies and pictures of Canadian life and work with exhibits of grains and grasses draw large crowds to our doors, many coming in for pamphlets and information. The number of callers during the fiscal year now closed was 6,291. Correspond- ence received was 5,312 letters, and 6,406 were sent, as well as over 2,000 circulars to agents; 1,908 bonus forms were received and passed on to Ottawa. As usual, our lantern slides were loaned out to voluntary lecturers, close upon a hundred of these lectures having been delivered by school teachers, clergymen and others interested in Canada. I was glad to have the services of Mr. George A. Aylesworth, who lectured at Taunton, Cardiff and Bridgewater to crowded meetings, and was listened to with the closest attention. Lectures were also delivered at Salisbury and Hereford by Mr. E. Brown, of British Columbia. Here also we had good audiences. The limelight and cinematograph pictures shown of Canadian life and work were much appreciated and created great interest. The work of Delegates Goodridge, Gibbard and West has been most satisfactory. The numbers who called upon them at booking agents' offices for information have been much behind last year, still I am sure their efforts will pi'oduce good results. I attended a number of agricultural shows in the various counties, exhibiting our produce, distributing pamphlets and giving interviews. This work, in my opinion, well repays the cost and time given to it. We meet at these shows the agricultural labourer in his thousands as also the well-to-do farmer. The latter, however, is hard to be persuaded to move, and as they, as a rule, hold their farms on long leases they are loath to quit, even at the end of the lease, and give up the land and farm build- ings with all the improvements carried out at their own expense. Your obedient servant. II. M. MURRAY, Agent for South Wales and West of England. No. 10. REPORT OF MR. EDWARD O'KELLY. Canadian Government Offices.. 44 Dawson Street, Dublin, March 31, 190S. The Assistant Superintendent of Emigration, 11-12 Charing Cross, London, S.W. Sir, — I beg to submit my annual report for the year ending March 31, 1908. The number of emigrants who have left Ireland for Canada during the past twelve months has not only been very considerably the largest on record, the class1 has been better and the amount of capital taken more substantial. The judicious 25— ii— 6 82 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 advertising of Canada, the wonderful display made by the Dominion at the inter- national exhibition held in Dublin this year, the travelling through the province of Ulster of the wagon of Canadian specimens of farm products and the presence of farmer delegates from different provinces of the Dominion, have all aided me in securing a favourable result for this year's work. I also had my usual stand of Canadian exhibits at the show fairs held in the important towns of Dungannon, Poitadown, Ballymena and Londonderry, before I was moved to Dublin. A considerable portion of my time has been occupied in visiting the steamship agents in my new district, supplying them with information and urging them to take advantage of the generous action of the Canadian government towards them in the granting of the increased bonus by inducing as large a proportion of those leaving Ireland as possible to settle in Canada. In addition to visiting the agents I keep them supplied with maps and literature, and frequently send them newspapers, &c, from Canada, illustrating the wonderful progress of the Dominion. By these means I am endeavouring, with some success, to divert the stream of emigration at present flowing to the United States to Canada. Early in June Mr. J. Bruce Walker, by desire of the minister, instructed me to proceed to Dublin and look over premises suitable for an office for the department. 1 found the rents in Dublin higher than in Belfast and the choice of locality more restricted, but eventually secured suitable offices at 44 Dawson street, one of the leading thoroughfares, at a very reasonable rent. On September 8, by direction of Mr. Walker, I transferred the Belfast office to Mr. Webster, and on the 10th opened the Dublin office, where I have been kept busy attending to correspondence and callers when not travelling through my new district, the provinces of Leinster and Munster. Owing to the normal conditions existing in these provinces, where over ninety per cent of the emigrants have been going to the United States for years, it may take some time to show them that they will do better in Canada, but that time is coming ajid sooner than I expected a year ago, by reason of the number that have returned from the United States during the past five months with woeful accounts of the condition of things in that country. Under date December 4, Mr. Walker, by circular letter, issued under direction of the Superintendent of Immigration, advised the booking agents that the demand for labour of all kinds in Canada was over for the season, and to make known to all persons looking for employment in Canada net to sail earlier than April, and then only if employment was a isured them, or if they had sufficient cash to keep them until they secured employment. T quote this circular to some extent, because I found that though it curtailed emigration for the early part of the season, it was well received and favourably commented on by {he clergy and general public, showing, as it did. the care talon by the Dominion government for those seeking homes in Canada, and I am of opinion that the publicity given to this circular will lessen the opposition to emigration to the Dominion in the future. I have received some trade inquiries and have attended to them. I am sorry to have to state that I have also received strong complaints from Irish importers of Canadian apples of the methods used by the shippers. I have inspected at hap-hazard a dozen barrels of one shipment complained of and found the complaint justified by every barrel I inspected. I brought the complaints before Mr. A. W. Grindley, chief inspector in Croat Britain for the Department of Agriculture. Mr. Grindley for- warded my letter and complaint to Mr. W. W. Moore, Department of Agriculture. Ottawa. 1 have sent copies of the Canadian Gazette, containing reports of* the steps taken by the Minister of Agriculture to put a stop to the fraudulent packing of fruit, and also extracts from the letters of Messrs. Grindley and Moore to the merchants making complaints, and have received replies thanking me for bringing their griev- ance before the proper officials and expressing their satisfaction with the steps taken to protect their interests. ii rilillGRATWN 83 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 In the six months this office has heen open 1,771 letters have been received, and 2,415 sent out. The number of callers for same period who registered their names was 1.781, a large proportion of same from counties outside Dublin. Your obedient servant, EDWARD O'KELLY, Canadian Government Agent. No 11. REPORT OF MR. PAUL WIALLARD. 10 Rue de Roue, Paris, April 1, 1908. J. Obed Smith, Esq.. Assistant Superintendent of Emigration, 11 and 12 Charing Cross, London. Sie, — I have the honour to submit my report for the year ending March 31, 1908. The season 1907-8 seems to have been particularly bright. The opening was marked by an abundance of departures, which we expected from the considerable num- ber of demands for information received during the preceding winter. On each steamer we have booked many emigrants, and it was only towards the end of the summer that one could readily find a place on board an outward-bound vessel. Then came the American crisis which drove back to Europe a crowd of immigrants of all nationalities and determined at the same time a very serious exodus of labourers from the United States, thus disturbing the equilibrium between the supply and demand for employment. From the standpoint of emigration, the effects of this crisis were not much felt during the winter itself, because generally few think of moving before the spring, the time when agriculture is resumed, but the echo which these '•vents found in the French press and the importance several organs appeared to give to this temporary state of affairs may perhaps be of a nature to offset the results of the season of 1908-9 to a certain extent. Although this setback may have been more apparent than real, there is little doubt but that Canada will this year suffer from the view-point of immigration by the financial crisis from which the neighbouring republic has suffered. During the year we received upwards of 10,000 letters, exactly 10,250 being replied to. The visits to the Commissioner General for Canada of persons seeking informa- tion about the country totalled 6,750. Independent of this demand for information at least the same number of persons asked for and were given pamphlets. Every time a party of colonists, ready to leave, required to consult us in person and invited us, we did not hesitate to go to them and to give them all the information possible. Being very busy during the week, I generally devoted my Sundays to these trips, leaving on Saturday and returning on Monday. M. Foursin has continued, as in previous years, to give, with his knowledge of Canadian affairs, verbal information as to the advantages afforded by Canada in return for the industries of farming or railway construction. M. Geoffrion, who was added to my staff several months ago, has assisted M. Foursin in his work, and in addition has been delegated to reply to a part of the mail. My intention is to send him out into the provinces as soon as tin1 work of the office •J.-.— ii— 64 84 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 will permit, to give a series of lectures, which will assist in making: the country better known, to which the general attention has elsewhere been recently directed by the conclusion of the Anglo-French treaty. The department sent to France this year two delegates — M. Brutinel, of Edmon- ton, and M. Parent, farmer, Manitoba. These gentlemen have co-operated in spread- ing among the French people the idea that we are diligent workers, and that if we do not force people to emigrate it is not that our country does not offer such chances of success as would not be readily met with elsewhere. We do not persuade persons who expect in Canada business, administrative or professional employment to emigrate, and as the countryman who has never left his native land or the village which gave him birth is, of all, the one who will last think of emigrating, it follows that we receive a considerably less number of requests for information from people not belonging to the class likely to succeed in the country than of those who are practically certain to find immediate work, and that the emi- gration from France to Canada is not as extensive as we would desire. During the course of the year I have translated and corrected five new pamph- lets, of which three were pretty voluminous. Of these five three have been printed in France under my supervision. I trust that my work in this and other respects has been satisfactoi-y to the department, and I shall continue my efforts to increase still further the good-will which Canada enjoys in France. One hundred and fifty thousand pamphlets have been distributed this year. Your obedient servant. PAUL WIALLARD. No. 12. REPORT OF MR. D. TREATT DE CCELI. 23 Place de la Gare, Antwerp, Belgium, March 01. 190S. J. Obed Smith, Esq., Assistant Superintendent of Emigration, London. I Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the year ending March 31, 190S. The policy of propaganda inaugurated since my arrival in Belgium has been steadily followed, namely, lectures in winter, attendance at fairs in summer, with distribution of literature and meetings witli intending emigrants in order to give them all important or necessary information. I have followed up the introduction in our common and superior schools of the teaching of the geography of Canada. I had the honour to make mention of my endeavours to that effect in my report of 1905, when I stated that twenty-two schools were giving lessons on Canada; in 1906 this number increased to 505, and during this year I am pleased to state that in 1,875 more schools, forming the grand total of 2,380, the geography of Canada is taught. Every one of these schools has the large wall map of Canada in its classes, and a certain number of atlases and other pamphlets have been forwarded to 'them for free distribution. Special attention has been paid to provide also the schools of adults with the above. I think it my duty to remark that I was greatly encouraged in this distribution by the seho<'l inspectors of the different districts and by other educational authorities, and also that neither map nor pamphlets were forwarded except on demand and on ii IMMIGRATION 85 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 special promise that the map should be used in the" school and the pamphlets distri- buted gratuitously. Besides this, I loaned a good many Canadian views to be used for lectures. I am quite sure that a more effective propaganda could not be made, and I expect the best results in the near future. During the winter season I have given 20 lectures, generally in the localities where a certain movement of emigration was noticeable. The orders issued by the department to restrict immigration have caused a cer- tain hesitation, not only with those who were directly prevented from executing their project, but also with others who feared to risk their capital, the more so as these restrictions were closely allied with the crisis in the United States, but if it has made people more cautious, it has also brought forward those who had the will and the means necessary to succeed. Although my principal work has always been in Belgium, I have continued and even increased my propaganda in Holland, and I am pleased to state that the emi- gration from that country will give good results this year; already different groups have left for the west, and the month of April will see a still larger number emi- grating to Canada. The most pleasing feature is not so much the number as the quality of the emi- grants; very few single men, generally families of 6, 8 or 10, taking with them a sufficient capital to settle on a homestead, in most cases chosen for them by the father or one of the sons who preceded them. As a result of judicious advertising in a certain number of local papers mostly agricultural, as well in Holland as in Belgium*, and through the propaganda made by different teachers, the correspondence of this office has been numerous; not less than 6,290 letters have been received and due attention given to all demands of information. In conclusion, I may state that according to all information I have received from new colonists, every one of them feels satisfied with his new country, and in no case was any complaint made as to having been deceived by the pamphlets or by official information. Your obedient servant, D. TEEAU DE CCELL 86 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ii 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 OPERATIONS IX THE UNITED STATES. No. 13. REPORT OF MR W. J. WHITE. INSPECTOR OF AGENCIES AM) PRESS AGENT. Ottawa. April 1.".. 1908. The Superintendent of Immigration. Sir, — The fiscal year just closed shows that the mimber of immigrants from tha Fuited States was 58,312, a splendid return under existing conditions, fully illustrating the fact that the advantages of Canada as a farming proposition have been well pre- sented to the moving element in the United States, and proving also that it would take more than one year of irregular crops to offset the work that has been so well done in the United States. The most pleasing feature of the work has been the splendid character and quality of the immigrants. The money and effects brought in by these ^.312 people was in the neighbourhood of the total value of $52,000,000, or nearly $1,000 per head. This has been added to the money wealth of Canada in one year. In addition to its money wealth there is the physical wealth which these people bring. Forty-eight thousand of those arriving took up homesteads; most of the balance pur- chased land and went into farming, a life that 90 per cent of them bad been follow- ing in their old homes. It has not been thought necessary to point out .the moral value of the United States settlers. They have largely been obtained in the western and central western states, where they or their fathers were pioneers. Pioneering is therefore no hardship to them. In fact they rather enjoyed it, as we find many of ■them desirous of moving as far as they can be carried by railroad. They bring with them a wealth in experience in tilling prairie lands, and are able to take from the soil the best that it will afford. I am satisfied that if a census were taken it would be found that the United States farmer almost always succeeds in having good crops and realizing the highest price for his products. His presence in a neighbourhood is wel- comed for the experience he brings with him and is willing to impart to his neighbour, and in this way the new-comer from other parts, be it eastern Canada, Great Britain or the continent, is taught lessons in farming that arc valuable to himself and the country. During the past year only two or three of the stale- in the American Union have not been represented in the homestead entries. There is nut a state in the Union in which Canada is not advertised. The offices of the government are located in the best agricultural sections, with a view to being in easy touch with the surrounding country so as to make it possible for the agents to cover their respective districts with the least trouble. The offices are located as follows: — M. V. ^ItTnnes, 6 Avenue Theatre Block, Detroit. Mich. C. A. Laurier, Marquette, Mich. Jas. N. Grieve, Spokane, Wash. J. S. Crawford, 125 West Ninth street. Kansas City, Mo. T. O. Currie, 108 Third street, 2nd floor, Milwaukee, Wis. J. M. McLachlan, Box 626, Watertown, South Dakota. F. T. Holmes, 315 Jackson street, St. Paul, Minn. \V. V. Bennett, 215 Hoard of Trade Building, Omaha, Neb. Chas. Pilling. Clifford Block, Grand Forks. N. Dakota. U. M. Williams. 413 Gardner Building, Toledo, Ohio. ii IUUlGRATIOy 87 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 C. J. Broughton, 412 Merchant's Loan & Trust, Chicago. Benj. Davies, Boom G, Dunn Block, Great Falls, Montana. W. H. Bogers, 316 Traction- Terminal Building, Indianapolis. Thos. Hetherington, 73 Fremont street, Boston, Maryland. Thos. Duncan, 30 Syracuse Bank Building. Syracuse, N.Y. Geo. A. Hall, 210 House Building, Pittsburg, Pa. The work of these agents is very much the same in character. At almost all the offices there are one or two assistants, whose duty it is to look after the correspondence, issue the certificate which entitles the applicant to the reduced rates afforded by the Canadian railroads to the actual settler and give to the caller all available informa- tion. At the end of the week the assistant keys the letters received according to post offices and districts. The agent then selects the district that he should visit during the next or coming weeks and advises one or more of the correspondents that he will meet them and their friends at some given place on a set date, or. if this is not possible, when necessary, he visits the individual correspondent. He carries with him samples of the grains and grasses of Central Canada, has with him a supply of literature and quotes rates from their home to such a point in Western Canada as they may desire to go to. He assists the intending settler by securing him the lowest freight rates for his stock and effects, advises him the best way in which to get cars and afterwards follows the course of the car to its destination. Very often the male members of the family move in advance of those dependent. When this occurs it is the duty of the agent to assist the family in every way possible in order to get a start. During the fall of the year exhibits of grain and grasses, roots, vegetables, etc., with which the agent has supplied himself, are taken from fair to fair and tastefully arranged, then the agent's time is pretty well occupied in this way for from two to three months. A chain letter system is adopted which is very effective in getting the names of those in a neighbourhood who would likely be interested in Canada. To the names thus secured literature and circulars are sent, and it is surprising the amount of effective work that is done in this way. It is sometimes the case that the manner in which one state may be worked will differ from another state. In each case, however, the agents keep me advised as to what they feel is the best course to pursue, and I am always prepared to accept and act upon such suggestions as may be safely adopted. In some cases it is found that the management of a fair does not care to allow our exhibits to be placed, but these cases are so rare that it is scarcely necessary to refer to them. In most cases there is no difficulty whatever in securing space, and in others managements have requested that we exhibit, offering a space free of charge. Generally, however, we rent a space in some building, and sometimes, unable to do this, ground space is rented. On this ground a temporary structm-e is sometimes erected, and in other cases a tent is secured in which exhibits are placed. It is often necessary, in order to interest people in a certain district, to secure the assistance of one or two or more responsible men. Various ways are adopted in order to do this. One of the best methods is to secure transportation for these people and send them through to our western provinces to report to their friends. The agent fills up his report very carefully, and in this way gets in touch with a good class of people. Again, parties are accompanied as far as the boundary line, as there is a possibility that in passing through some of the western states towns some of the people who may have been directed by the efforts of local agents to Canada may hecome interested in American lands. I referred in my last report to the inducements held out by Texas land agents. The railroad rates from St. Paul. Chicago, Des Moines. Omaha, Kansas, Indianapolis and other points to Texas lands were much lower than those to Canada. The Western Passenger Association, however, has adjusted this, so that the rates are now more even : therefore, some of this difficulty has been overcome. There is still opposition, and considerable of it is owing to the fact that Texas lands are reasonably low in price and an army of agents at work throughout the country setting forth the advant- ages in Texas from a settlers' standpoint. 88 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Besides the inducements held out by land owners in Texas, those offered by holders in Colorado, Montana, Wyoming and South Dakota were sufficient to arouse a disturbing sentiment amongst possible movers, and divert the attention of land seekers. These lands do not carry the advantages that Canadian lands do, but the desire to keep within one's own country is something that is hard to overcome. There is the wish to know what it has to offer before going outside. It is true that Canada has the 'last best west,' but there is sufficient of the AJmerican west (whatever the character of the land may be) to keep the department and its corps of agents busy in the presenta- tion of the superior advantages and opportunities afforded by Canada. The results of Canada's immigration work in the United States for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1908, have been as satisfactory as was expected. They have been more than normal, and, as will be seen by reference to the official report published elsewhere, a splendid increase in number is shown asjcompared with the previous year. The department and the people of Canada have reason to feel pleased that the work has been so effective. It is only fair to say that the conditions of the spring of 1907, and the unusually embarrassing climatic conditions of the succeeding summer were very unfavourable. These conditions and the adverse reports sent back to friends by some of the unfortunate ones at the critical period required to be met by strenuous work on our part, but the fact that it was possible to secure a fair percentage of increase over 1906-7 vvill fully justify the extra trouble with which we were taxed. The advertising that has been done during the past year has been of the same character as that done during the past several years. Space is purchased in about 7,000 newspapers throughout the United States, farm journals and the country weeklies being preferred. Reading notices and display advertising are both used freely. As in the past, I can see no better way of reaching the people. A party of eleven editors of the British Provincial Press saw Canada to such good advantage that these papers published hundreds of columns of matter setting out their views on the conditions of Canada. These articles reached the class of people we were desirous of reaching and already good results are seen in consequence. The correspondence at the various offices has increased from ten to thirty per cent. From the nature of it and the direct inquiries made I feel safe in making the state- ment that, the year 1908-9 will show a much greater increase in numbers from the United States. It would not be surprising if the number would reach the 75,000 mark. Although homestead lands near lines of railway are month by month becoming scarcer, those amongst whom the agents are working are finding out that the best land does not always lie contiguous to the railway line. They are willing to go back fifty and even a hundred miles, taking the chances of getting railway advantages in a short time. The number last year seeking lands to purchase was not as large as the previous year. The movement was made up of those who had homesteaded during 1907. At the time of writing, however, the number desiring to purchase lands is increasing, and those having large blocks of lands for sale may expect a fairly good season, if they do not set too high a price on their lands. Your obedient servant, J ":f:T:~ W. J. WHITE. ii IMMIGRATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 OPERATIONS OF IMMIGRATION OFFICIALS IN WESTERN CANADA. No. 14. KEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF IMMIGRATION. Winnipeg, Manitoba, April 1, 1908. W. D. Scott, Esq., Superintendent of Immigration, Ottawa. Sin, — I beg to submit the following report for the fiscal year ending March 31, 190S. During the year, by means of the employment bureau in this office, aided by agents at every point of importance in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, a thorough system of distributing and finding suitable employment for immigrants was success- fully conducted; and it is to be noted as showing the steady and increased demand for farm labourers that, throughout the whole year, unfilled applications for farm hands were on file at this office. The number of applications for farm hands received was 6,442, of which 3,579 were filled. In addition to this, 512 applications were received for married couples, of which 378 were filled. A large number of intending settlers from Eastern Canada, the United States, the British Isles and continental Europe called at this office in quest of information and advice in order to enable them to secure suitable locations in which to settle; and I have much pleasure in reporting that, so successfully and satisfactorily has the work of locating settlers been conducted, no complaints have been received at this office that parties have been directed to undesirable locations. In this connection, it might be well to mention that homesteads well adapted for both grain and cattle farming can be secured in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta within twenty miles of existing railways and railways now under construction. Among these districts may be specially mentioned: Prince Albert; the district north of the Canadian Northern Railway from Battleford to Vegreville; along the Grand Trunk Pacific and Canadian Pacific Railways between Saskatoon and Edmonton; along the South Saskatchewan river north of the Canadian Pacific Railway main line from Moosejaw to Irvine; also south of the same line between the same points. ENGLISH. The immigrants from England were, generally speaking, of a class likely to suc- ceed in western Canada, with the exception of a number sent, mostly from the slum' of London, by charitable and philanthropic institutions. Measures, however, hav< been taken to deport every undesirable who came or was brought to our notice. WELSH. The class of Welsh immigrants was unexceptionable. A large proportion of these peop'e went to farm work, for which they are well adapted. 90 DEPARTS! EXT OF THE INTERIOR ii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 SCOTCH. With the exception of a number of Scotch labourers, mostly from Glasgow and district, sent to work on railway construction, who drifted into the city last fall, and appear determined to remain here, the large majority of arrivals went to farm work, with satisfactory results, few seeking employment at this office a second time. IHISH. Immigrants from Ireland were mostly of the agricultural class and accepted farm work almost to a man. It is to be regretted that a larger number of these people do not come to Canada, as they are very popular with the farmers here. GERMANS. Germans who arrived during the last fiscal year were a very desirable class, and most of them went to farm work, or took up land in western Canada; and the reports we have received from these newly-arrived immigrants are very satisfactory. S( \\1 'IN AVIANS. The Scandinavians who arrived during the, year were, with few exceptions, of a very desirable class. Many went direct to the hmd; and the others to employment oh railway construction, and other work, at which they received high wages. ICELANDERS. During the year a considerable number of Icelanders came from their native country, and a few from the United States. They have mostly engaged in agriculture. swiss. The immigrants from Switzerland practically all went to farm work. DUT< ii- The arrivals from Holland went mostly to farm work and railway construction. These people make excellent settlers and learn the English language quickly. HEBREWS. Of the Hebrews who arrived during the past year many went to friends and relations in country districts, and a few remained in Winnipeg. On account of the arrangements made by their friends these people give very little trouble to the officials. GAL1C1ANS. The largest number of Ruthenians and Poles came from the Austrian provinces and a few from Bohemia and Russia. Most of the people from Austria were farmers and went immediately to homesteads. The majority of the others went to railway, construction work. Quite a number came from the I'nited States, nearly all of whom entered for homesti FRENCH AND BELGIANS. The French and Belgian immigrants who came here last year were a very desir- able class; and, as nearly all were agriculturists, they went to work upon farms or took homesteads. 11 IMUlORATIOy 91 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 IMMIGRATION ACCOM MODATION, WINNIPEG. Seventy-six thousand three hundred and ninety-three days' accommodation was given to immigrants at buildings Nos. 1 and 2 during the year. IMMIGRANT HOSPITAL. The services of this hospital have proved of great benefit to immigrants. 321 cases of sickness having been treated during' the year. A full report by Dr. Corbett, Dominion Health Officer, has been forwarded to you. NEW IMMIGRATION HALLS. During the year immigration halls were erected at North Battleford, Vermilion, Swift Current and Wilkie. CORRESPONDENCE. During the year there were sent from this office 2,454 registered and 31,290 unre- gistered letters, besides many thousands of pamphlets and maps. The number of letters received was 27,810. EXHIBITS. During this period 875 cases of agricultural exhibits were sent to agents in the United States, Great Britain and British colonies, besides 95 sacks of samples of grain to public schools in the United States. DEPORTATIONS. There were 255 undesirable immigrants deported from the 1st of April, 1907, to 31st March, 1908. Annual reports have been received from officers and agents stationed at Port Arthur, Ontario: Brandon, Dauphin, Swan River and Teuton, Manitoba; Begina, Moosejaw, Saskatoon, Yorkton, Battleford, North Portal, Maple Creek, Estevan, Lloydminster and Duck Lake, Saskatchewan; Edmonton, Calgary, Medicine Hat, Lethbridge, Strathcona, Bed Deer, Vegreville, Stettler and Sedgwick, Alberta. These reports deal fully with the duties performed by the officers, and besides contain much valuable information as to the number of settlers who arrived during the year, the number and value of carloads of stock and effects brought by them, the increase of acreage under crop, the output of grain and number of animals shipped to market, the number of homestead entries and other statistical information, which, as a whole, shows that, although last year's crops in some districts were partially damaged by frost, much material progress was made throughout Western Canada during 1907. Since taking charge of the work of Commissioner of Immigration at Winnipeg and throughout the west I have given some attention to the conditions under which the work is carried on. I believe the organization generally is in a very satisfactory condition, and I think it only fair to say that much of the success that has attended the work in this department is due to the faithful and conscientious services both of the inside staff at Winnipeg and of the various officers at outside points. Your obedient servant, J. BRUCE WALKER, Commissioner of Immigration. DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 No. 15. REPORT OF THE MEDICAL OFFICER AT WINNIPEG. Office of the Commissioner of Immigration. Winnipeg, Manitoba. April 13, 1908. W. D. Scott, Esq., Superintendent of Immigration, Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to submit a report of the medical attendance and inspection service at this point for the fiscal year, ending March 31, 1908. Daily visits were made to the immigration halls and hospital ; and, in many eases, I was obliged to visit new arrivals at their homes in the city and elsewhere. Medical attendance was given to the following cases of sickness: — Measles 25 Diarrhoea 15 Bronchitis 21 Rheumatism 23 Influenza 31 Biliousness 29 Injuries 31 Tonsilitis 13 Cellulitis 9 Stomatitis 1 Synovitis 2 Phlebitis 1 Debility 3 Neurasthenia 1 Confinement 1 Pleurisy 6 Varicose Veins 2 Scarlet fever 1 Heart disease 3 Corneal opacity 1 Mastitis 1 Dyspepsia 3 Ulcers 5 Inflammation of ear 3 Erysipelas 1 Rupture 1 Dressings 8 Neuralgia 4 Quinsy 2 Pneumonia 9 Gastritis 2 Gout 1 Carbuncle 2 Dysentery 5 Asthma 3 Frost-bites 7 Adenoids 1 Eczema 2 Pleurodynia 1 Phthisis 1 Chicken-pox 2 Nephritis 3 Convulsions 1 Epilepsy 3 Conjunctivitis 4 Diphtheria 3 Skin diseases .' 9 Chorea 1 i >ropsy 2 Abscess 3 Inflammation of breast 1 Scabies 7 Otorrhcea 1 Certificates were given for the purpose of deporting 129 undesirable immigrants. I am pleased to report that the incoming immigrants for the past year have been exceptionally free from all infectious and contagious disease. Tour obedient servant, S. C. CORBETT, Dominion Health Officer. ii IMMIGRATION 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 No. 16. REPORT OF THE GENERAL COLONIZATION AGENT. Brandon, Manitoba, April 17, 1908. W. D. Scott, Esq., Superintendent of Immigration, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report : — During the month of April, 1907. I made an extended tour through Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, inspecting the condition of our immigration halls, and also assisting belated settlers who were detained on their journey by the different railways through heavy storms, incurring much hardship to live stock, as well as detention to settlers. Many points were congested with cars of settlers' effects, owing to the very heavy snowfall and late spring. The Canadian Pacific Railway and the Canadian Northern Railway did all in their power on this occasion to relieve the settlers. They supplied food for both man and beast and did everything possible for the comfort of the people. In addition to the above, during the same month I took up the question of colon- izing the districts north of Prince Albert, being a country specially adapted for eastern Europeans, report of which was submitted, dated Prince Albert, April 25, 1907. The foregoing work incurred much correspondence with the Saskatchewan legislature and the Board of Trade, Prince Albert. During the month of May reports were forwarded to the department, dealing with general conditions in the west, at points on the Canadian Northern Railway, and also setting forth the particulars of seed grain advanced to settlers, and referring to accom- modation to immigrants at different points. The Canadian Northern Railway, during March and April moved 1,376 carloads of settlers' effects over their line, compared with 933 cars for the corresponding two months of the year previous. Considering the extraordinary conditions, much work was involved in assisting settlers to their destination, providing accommodation for them at different points, and reaching some outlying districts isolated from railway facilities to see that the settlers had fuel and food. Under instructions from the minister literature was placed in the hands of the Doukhobor community, each head of a family receiving a pamphlet. During the same month, under instructions from the secretary of the department, dated June 4, 1907, I revisited the townsite of Lloydminster, and adjusted the rights of certain residents to claims they had for town lots. During the same month the question of immigration furnishings, seed grain advances and other departmental matters were attended to. I submitted a report on the general conditions existing in the west, pointing out new districts for colonization purposes, as well as reporting on the different nationali- ties, their progress and prospects. I also reported on the final revision of the British settlement at Lloydminster. I also submitted a report on some colonies in the west, with statistical information. During the month of July, I submitted a report setting forth the outlook as to crops, (See. * I also made a report on the Medicine Hat district, showing the production of lands that were formerly considered semi-arid, now irrigated. I also prepared a report on the Doukhobor community, dated July 18, 1907, and a full report, dated July 22, 1907, pointing out the improved conditions in the west. Report to W. J. 'White, dated July 30, 1907, concerning the completion of the itinerary of the British editors visiting Western Canada. In August I completed the itinerary for the British editors, arranging- for their entertainment and reception at thirty-two different towns in Manitoba, Saskatchewan 94 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR ii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 and Alberta, notifying the boards of trade and civic representatives at the various places. A universal response was given by all communicated with to entertain thel distinguished visitors. I accompanied the editors throughout Manitoba, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Ontario. They represented the leading journals of the British islands. The reception accorded them was most friendly. I was ably assisted by the officials of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the Canadian Northern Railway and the Grand Trunk Railway. They supplied private cars, literature and intelligent men, who made the trip very instructive to the newspaper men. I endeavoured to point out, not only the fertility, but the great possibilities of the country, particularly through the districts in the western provinces, where many people from the British isles are now making homes on the prairie. During the month of September I visited the United States and assisted in placing the Western Canada exhibit at Springfield, 111. Having assisted at that state fair for some years in succession, I beg to say that a very great interest is manifested there in our products, and also a great many inquiries are made there every year by intending settlers. These exhibitions do a great deal of good, as they arouse an interest in the minds of people who are somewhat undecided as to the best place to emigrate to, for I have observed that other agencies are very diligent and spare no expense in holding out the advantages that they claim can be secured by moving into Texas, Oklahama, Mexico and other countries. Our exhibits and distribution of literature are indis- pensable to combat these influences and direct people to a better country. Under instructions from the minister. I examined the conditions as to food and fuel and the prospects of settlers throughout the west. During the month of October I examined and investigated certain departmental matters at Mortlake. Made a report also relating to United States work. During the month of November, under instructions from the department, I inspected the crofter colonies at Wapella. I submitted a report to the secretary of the department relating to tin- lien security at Battleford. Sask. I also submitted a report pointing out the fact that our country had suffered from a premature frost, which had affected the production, and placing tin- production of our milling wheat at 40,000,000 of bushels; and also showing that many districts of Western Canada had been specially favoured with a good crop. By way of com- parison, I pointed out the stringency and financial depression in the United States, and expressed the belief that thousands of Americans would come to Canada as the result of conditions in that country. During the month of November I made an extended tour through the Tramping Lake district, south of Battleford, in compliance with instructions from the Minister of the Interior. I drove some two hundred miles and personally ascertained the existing conditions. During the month of December 1 supervised the distribution of supplies to i. settlers in conjunction with the Royal Northwest Mounted Police. This involved considerable work. I found it necessary to place -mall emergency rations at Tramp- ing lake, fifty miles south off Battleford; at Sounding lake, eighty miles south of Lashburn, and also north of Jackfish lake. These supplies were placed in the care of the Northwo-t Mounted Police to bo used in emergency. I am pleased to observe, however, that very little was required by the settlers and that my former reports h been fully verified. During the same month, under instructions from the secretary of the department, I had all the lien securities forwarded to Ottawa. Believing that many dist riots in Alberta and Saskatchewan would require seed grain in the spring of 1908, I submitted a report to the minister, calling attention to ibis fact, outlining the possibility of the obligation being a heavy one, and suggesting by way of recommendation, a modus operandi. ii IMMIGRATION 95 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 During the month of January, 1908, I assisted in investigating the requirements of the settlers in the way of seed grain. In addition to this, I let the tenders for new immigration buildings at Swift Current, Vermilion and North Battleford, as well as examined the condition of our immigration halls at different points. In February, 1908, I reported on the condition of the old immigration buildings ai Battleford. Also made a report of isolated cases throughout Saskatchewan, at Bruno, Wadena, and Prince Albert, requiring attention. Also a report relating to certain Italian immigration. Also a report relating to matters of importance in connection with immigration work, dated February 11, 1908. A complete report of the settlers north of Swift Current, with a map, showing location. A report on the condition of our immigration buildings, addressed to the Com- missioner of Immigration, dated February 29, 1908. During the month of March, 1908, I submitted a report reviewing conditions in Saskatchewan. I also reported to the Commissioner of Immigration the conditions of the immi- gration buildings at Craig and Davidson, and made a report on the requirements of our department at Warman, Sask. I also reported, at the request of J. O. Smith, the condition of certain land in Saskatchewan. I reported also to the Superintendent of Immigration particulars per- taining to the construction of the new immigration hall, to be built at Wilkie, Sask., south of Battleford, on the Canadian Pacific Railway, which work I let by tender on March 4, 1908. In connection with the distribution of seed grain to settlers in the unorganized portion of Manitoba, full report submitted to the Commissioner of Immigration, dated March 30. 1908. The foregoing is the eleventh annual report that I have had the honour to submit to the department. During these series of years, our population has very greatly increased, and the development of western Canada is simply astounding. The uniform coloniza- tion of the west is very significant. Eleven years ago a few people could be found, far remote from each other, settled in little groups, along the rivers, at places such as Edmonton, Battleford, Prince Albert, Qu'Appelle, and other points. At the present time, our country is well filled with progressive and thrifty agriculturists. Great areas have been brought under cultivation. Towns have sprung up, and centres of commerce established, and in reviewing these eleven years one is struck with the fact that the country has been wonderfully prosperous. The prospects too were never better. All our districts are accessible by railway communication, and I might safely say that we have under construction, and in embryo, under contemplated construction, railways that will mean an expenditure of over $50,000,000. This in itself should inspire hope in the individual, as there will be plenty of money to earn for many years to come. The agricultural classes will find a good market for their cattle, their hogs, their grain, their poultry, and all the products of the farm, and this fact should impel greater energy on the part of the producer, and still greater confidence in the country. Last year we produced above 40,000,000 bushels of wheat for milling purposes, and more of an inferior grade. True, it was not well distributed. Many of our people got rich, and others suffered, but our people are all hopeful for the future. We have just experienced a very mild winter. The spring has opened unusually early. Seeding is general throughout the entire west; a largely increased area will be put in crop; the ground is in good condition, and the settle- ments throughout western Canada are in good shape, and hopeful for the future. Your obedient servant. C. W. SPEERS, General Colonization Agent. 96 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 11 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 JUVENILE IMMIGRATION. No. 17. REPORT OF G. BOGUE SMAET, CHIEF INSPECTOR OF BRITISH IMMI- GRANT CHILDREN AND RECEIVING HOMES. The Superintendent of Immigration, Ottawa. Ottawa. March 31, 1908. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my ninth annual report as chief inspector of British Immigrant Children and Receiving Homes. The work of my office con- tinues to grow with each year's immigration from the British Isles. The children are segregated throughout the length and breadth of our settled agricultural districts, and their inspection, for each child must be personally seen and privately interviewed, necessitates not merely an enormous mileage but consider- able time. The following statement indicates the progress of the work of inspection during the year: — January lt^ February 214 March 184 April 183 May 269 June 152 July 175 August *62 September 163 October 116 November 105 December 10 Total 1,841 Delightful weather and good roads greatly facilitated the completion of the work, and early in December the last child received its annual inspection. It is a matter of satisfaction to know that the work of this branch of the public service has met with the approval of the local government board of London. The Parliamentary Secretary to the Board in a communication to the Right Honourable the Prime Minister of Canada stated in part : — ' I should like to say what very real pleasure it has given me to note the extra- ordinary kindness with which your people in Canada treat these children, and to say also how very much I appreciate the care which your officers of the Department of the Interior take to keep an eye on them, nothing has given me such real pleasure during my three months at the Local Government Board as the reading of the reports.' Only a small proportion of the children dependent on the ratepayers of Great Britain reach the goal of immigration to Canada, to which I found, during my visit to England, so many aspire. From the latest available statistics one learns that on January 1, 1907, there were 60,427 children in the various state homes and schools of England and Wales. It is to be regretted that an increased number of children could not have been sent to the Dominion in order that the pressing demand for juvenile farm labour and splendid opportunities available for carefully selected and trained children of this class might have been taken advantage of. For some years the total emigration has been wholly inadequate to the demand. A larger emigration * Holidays. ii IMMIGRATION 97 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 was prevented only by lack of funds. The labour of saving the lives of orphaned and neglected children for a better and more useful service to the state is dependent in a large measure, on the voluntary offerings of the charitable and benevolently inclined. Thousands of pounds are raised annually for maintenance and emigra- tion from various sources. Owing to her long established civilization and her over populated cities and rapid development, Great Britain is famed amongst the nations of the world for her wide established and useful charities, both of private and state origin, for the purpose of alleviating juvenile want and suffering. The most ancient institutions of a benevolent nature are to be found in the United Kingdom. Some of them have risen from small and most discouraging beginnings to a degree of prosperity which has augmented their sphere of benevo- lence far beyond the bounds anticipated by their long departed founders. Excluding all calculation of casual beneficence, the money voluntarily given reaches, as I have already stated, an enormous sum, but notwithstanding these heroic efforts on the part of philanthropists and the contribution of the Imperial Government, a vast work has yet to be done, as dire distress and wretchedness still exist to a painful degree, and the cry of neglected, suffering children is still to be heard in the cities of the old land. It was as a partial remedy for these distressing conditions that the emigration of children at an early age to our shores was inaugurated in the year 1869 by the late Miss Annie Macpherson and Miss Eye. The work has gone forward unostentatiously all these years, amidst much hostility and discouragement both at home and abroad, until the present time, and. notwith- standing the obstacles placed in its way, over 60,000 boys and girls have been settled on our shores, and hundreds of these are on the highway to prosperity. Had it not been for the outlook emigration afforded, incalculable numbers of most deserving children would have been practically lost to the nation, would have been swallowed up in the social maelstrom, and would have gone to the ranks of the unemployed and unem- ployable of the old land, and thus have added to the great economic problems that are continually engaging the attention of His Majesty's Imperial Government. As illustrating the benefits of emigration f»r a worthy class of children, I might mention the following cases which were recently brought to my attention : — Nine years ago a lad of ten, who had lost his mother, was left with his stepfather. It was found that he was being treated shamefully, and he was then sent to his grand- parents, but they were too old and poor and quite unequal to his proper upbringing. Finally he was placed in the Children's Home and Orphanage, Bonner Boad, London, and in due time was sent to Canada and placed in an excellent farm home. The far- mer describes him as a smart, intelligent boy, with a splendid reputation in the neigh- bourhood, and in fact states that a finer, nicer lad never came under his roof. Sixteen years ago W.B., then a lad of ten years of age, poor and unbefriended, applied at the Manchester and Salford Boys' Homes for a helping hand. He was admitted and in time developed into a sturdy lad. Expressing a desire to go to Canada, he was sent out in 1896 with a party of boys, a friend of the home personally defray- ing the expenses of his emigration. On his arrival in the Dominion he was placed with a farmer in one of the central counties of Ontario, and soon earned for himself an excellent reputation. After completing his indentures he decided to go to Western Canada, which he did, settling in British Columbia, where he has prospered. Last year this young ' Canadian ' paid a four-months' visit to England, returning at the end of that time to this country. He has not forgotten to express, personally, his gratitude to those connected with the Manchester Homes for the help they gave him in sending him to Canada. Many similar cases might be mentioned showing how boys, who were homeless and unbefriended in England, have reached positions of independence in this country through pluck and perseverance. 25— ii— 7 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 A few weeks ago I received the following letter from a young man who had come to Canada through the agency of one of our societies: — ' I came to Canada about the first of September, 1S95. In December of that year I obtained a position with a farmer in the province of Quebec, for whom I worked until the fall of 1902, and in which time I practically learned the rudiments of farm- ing. In that year I took a trip to England, but the condition of the country prevalent at that time not being any too bright on account of the British-Boor war, I made a short stop and was back in Canada and with the same farmer by the end of January. 1903. In May following I entered the employ of a provincial lumberman with a slightly better monetary remuneration, and remained there until May, 1905. In that year I had two or three good offers for work when an opening presented itself on one of the railroads as baggage master. The wage was not as good as the offers I pre- viously received, but I saw the chance to get a step higher, and accepted it. The days were ldng, and with the exception of a few hours the work was hustling. While there I also took care of the offices. I thought I would like to take a course at a business college, and in September, 1905, I entered the college, where after five months of hard studying I obtained a position with a prominent company in a large city in Ontario, which position I have held for the past two years, and I am making a good living.' This youth's employer drew my attention to the case as an illustration of what a well-behaved, steady young fellow can do in Canada by perseverance. The demand of our farmers for English juvenile labour has been incessant, and the societies were able only to satisfy a small percentage of the applications they received. In fact some of these agencies received as many as six applications for each child. This speaks well for the children, and illustrates the fact that the Canadian farmer appreciates the usefulness of the home boy as a farm labourer. Considering the thousands of these young immigrants who have been settled in Canada, and the continuous demand for their labour, their value to the country from a national and economic view point is beyond question. They soon settle down to work and adapt themselves to their altered conditions, and while one hears of other immigrants drifting into our cities out of work, it is a most significant fact that amongst such derelicts one does not find the so-called ' home boys.' Under the existing agreement with the British government, the cost of the first annual inspection is borne by the Canadian government, and each subsequent inspec- tion is provided for by the government of Great Britain on a fixed scale of fees regu- lated according to the age of the child at the time of its emigration, as upon the age of the child depends the number of visits of inspection that would be required. Under the terms of the agreement up to December 31, 1906, 2,112 children have received first and recurrent inspections. The following statement shows the number of Poor Law or Union Children emigrated to Canada under the authority of the Boards of Guardians since 1898: — Year Emigrated. Year Reported Upon. Number. 1898 1S99 63 LflOO 123 1! 1901 162 l'.IHl 1902 160 1902.. L903 116 1903 1904 360 334 1906 419 1906 369 Total 2,112 U IMMIGRATION 99 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Whenever circumstances have permitted I have made special journeys to the centres of distribution for the purpose of inspecting newly arrived parties of juveniles. The number so individually inspected are not included in the statistics already given. These inspections have confirmed, in a large measure, my opinion that every care is exercised in the old land in selecting the children for colonial life. This is important and far-seeing. If a child is sent to the Dominion, the Home authorities must stand in loco parentis to it until it reaches its 18th year. There must also be reasonable grounds for judging that it is the right subject to send abroad. This knowledge is to be gained only by a period of probation in an atmosphere different from what it has been accus- tomed to before final arrangements had been effected for its emigration. This pro- cedure, I learned during my visit to Great Britain, is adopted by most, if not all, of the agencies. Further, a stringent medical examination is conducted in the homes during this probationary period. From my personal acquaintance with the authorities of the English homes and schools, I am free to report that reasonable precautions are taken to send to Canada only such children as are free from moral and physical taint. How far these philan- thropists have succeeded may be judged by the fact that only two home children, both boys, were formally charged with offences in our courts during the year. One of these unfortunates who had previously conducted himself respectably, and bore a good char- acter, was permitted to leave the court on the guarantee of the home to return him to England at their own expense. From recent information I learn that he has settled down and is working steadily in the old country. The action of the home in returning him was, in my opinion, a wise decision, not only for the boy himself, but for other young immigrants. In the other case, the offender will be deported by process of law. This youth, as far as I have been able to ascertain, was not, strictly speaking, a home boy, but had been brought to Canada under some private auspices. Little need be said concerning the general health of the children. Six deaths occurred during the year, and in these cases it is a significant fact that they were all young children and had been in this country less than two years. Two boys came to their death by accident; one by drowning and the other dying under an anaesthetic whilst undergoing a surgical operation as the result of a cut received at his work in the lumber woods. I made both cases the subject of official investigation, and they were found to have been purely accidental. It happens inevitably that each year some chidren are temporarily lost track of by the agencies. They are usually boys of about 16 years of age and able to take care of themselves. However, every effort is made to locate them and they are eventually found. Since the inauguration of this branch of the service a successful supervision has been maintained, as may be inferred from the fact that out of the large number of children inspected there have been only twenty-nine absconders, i.e., those who have left their situations and whose whereabouts have not been discovered. Thirteen children, four girls and nine boys, have been returned to England during the past two years. Three children have removed to the United States. It may be well to observe that the juvenile emigration movement is conducted without financial gain by accredited and responsible persons and agencies, who .are actuated by the highest motives. For well nigh forty years it has occupied a unique position in relation to our general immigration system, in that each individual mem- ber of every band of young immigrants, under the age of seventeen years, must pass an examination at the hands of Canadian government officers in Great Britain before being permitted to set sail for these shores. The procedure, in brief, is as follows: — The emigration agency advises the Dominion emigration agent of the proposed emigration party and the date of their 25— ii— 7i 100 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 11 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 sailing. As the children approach the gangway in single file they are individually examined by the medical officer of the board of trade and subsequently by the ship's physician. The Dominion emigration officer is furnished with a list of the names, ages and intended destination, together with other data concerning the children. He calls out the names and carefully scrutinizes each child. This official then signs a certificate, which reads as follows : — I hereby certify that the above-named children — in number, are of a desirable class, and have been duly placed on board the SS. in charge of Liverpool, 190 . Dominion Immigration Agent. A similar procedure is followed on the ship's arrival in Canada : — This is to certify that the within-named (number) ( ) children are of a desir- able class and have been duly landed at in charge of 190 . Canadian Immigration Agent at the port of The Canadian port medical officer also examines each child, and detains for a nable period any that are, in his opinion, unable at once to pass muster under the Canadian medical regulations. After successfully running the gauntlet of such recurrent examinations, it has been claimed by many friends of the work that Canada gets only ' hand-picked ' juvenile immigrants. Be that as it may, however, I am of the opinion that were it not for the guarantee these precautions afford, the children as a whole would not have been so eagerly sought after by our farmers. The societies, I am pleased to state, co-operate, with the government in respecting to the letter the provisions of the law. It is quite beyond my recall to mention a single case of a boy or girl, xmder the supervision of the homes or the department, that has become a public charge during the past few years. In dealing with such a large number of children it is inevitable that there should be failures. Notwithstanding the fact that each person to whom a boy or girl is entrusted must produce satisfactory credentials as to character, some are subsequently found to be undesirable, and removals are necessary in the interest of the child. Incompatibility of temper is frequently found between employer and employee, and in some cases I have found that the children have contributed to their own discom- fort and also that the employer is largely to blame; but taking everything into con- sideration, there is only an infinitesimal number of these young labourers who are not doing and faring well at the hands of the Canadian farmer. That a wise discrimination has been shown in the selection of situations is obvi- ous after a perusal of the reports received, which indicate that of 1,816 inspections 1,397 children were found in very good homes and situations, 187 in good or fair homes and situations and 24 in homes designated as doubtful or unsatisfactory. In this connection it may not be uninteresting' to here point out some of the precautions taken by the local government board to safeguard the welfare of these young immigrants in Canada. When the emigration of a child at the cost of the poor rate is proposed the rdians of the union or parish to which the child belongs are responsible for the fulfilment of the following conditions under which the local board authorize the guardians to incur the expenditure that may be proposed for the emigration: — (a) The production of a justice's certificate of the child's consent to emigrate; also (b) A medical report as to its health, both of body and mind, certifying whether, in the medical man's opinion, the child is in all respects a suitable subject for emigration to Canada; and ii IMMIGRATION 101 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 (c) A cheque (where due) in payment of fees for inspection of the child in Canada by the Dominion Immigration Inspector. It must also be shown: — (d) That the child has been educated at their cost for at least six months. The guardians must also (e) Give the name and address of the agency under whose auspices the child is to emigrate; (f) State whether they are satisfied that the person taking out the child has a reasonable prospect of finding a suitable home for the child in Canada; (g) Specify whether they have obtained from the person taking out the child a written understanding that the child shall be placed with a family of the same religion as that to which the child belongs ; and that immediately after the child is placed out the Department of the Interior at Ottawa shall be furnished with a report containing the name and address of the person with whom the child is placed (such address to include the name of the nearest post office, the name of the lot, the concession and the name of the township in which such person resides), and that a report containing similar infor- mation shall be furnished to the guardians; (h) Assure the local government board that in connection with the emigration the requirements of the Canadian Immigration Act (or laws) will in no way be contravened. The local government board deprecate the sending out to Canada of girls above the age of twelve years except under very special circumstances. Such girls, if accompanying a younger brother or sister, are permitted to emigrate, but otherwise the board do not assent to their emigration unless the agency effecting the emigra- tion undertake that each such girl will be looked after in Canada by a lady resident in the neighbourhood of the home in which the girl will be placed, who will undertake to act as her special friend, and who will not at the same time occupy that position in regard to another child. It will thus be seen that the system by which the work is regulated and carried on shows a very careful selection of emigrants and the rejection of those of a doubt- ful or undesirable type. Inspector R. W. Hillyard says in his report for the year: — ' After another year's inspection of immigrant children in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, I beg to report that I am more than ever impressed with the great importance of child immigration to Canada and with the satisfactory condition in which I found the children placed. One cannot but feel how wise it is to send these children to enjoy the advantages of the Dominion while they are still young and easily adaptable to these new conditions. ' I found the great majority of the children, both boys and girls, comfortably placed and generally well treated. With few exceptions they are a rugged, healthy lot and are fast developing into sturdy and useful helpers. Their intelligence and education are fair, comparing favourably with the generality of our children in rural districts. I found that they readily adapt themselves to their new environments and to the work on farms. ' Complaints of ill-treatment are few and are becoming less frequent probably owing largely to the vigilance of inspectors of the societies and the government. It is also noticeable that the remuneration received by the children is better than in the past; the growing demand for labour and the liberal wages now paid to farm hands is helping the condition of these children. ' Some of the children, who are not very satisfactory, prove so owing to the in- judicious method of training adopted by employers. Boys and girls will generally follow a good leader; it is the driver they object to. There is undoubtedly a grave responsibility in dealing with the children of a certain age. They should be moulded rather than coerced. Being fully impressed with the importance of this statement, I do not fail to commend those who are dealing with the children along these lines ; 102 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR il 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 ■while on the other hand remonstrances are made with parties who adopt harsher methods. One cannot but be interested in the welfare of these children and realize that it is a duty to do what is possible to develop their material and moral welfare.' Mr. Thomas Cory, Assistant Inspector in Western Canada, reports: — ' I have visited the different boys and girls and have found them doing satisfac- torily. Many of the boys are looking forward to the time when they can take up home- steads for themselves. In this I encourage them as it makes them more contented and is an incentive to take advantage of their opportunities. ' As a whole the children give their employers good satisfaction, and I did not receive a complaint concerning a single boy from their masters; neither were there any complaints from the boys concerning their treatment.' Inspector K. J. Henry says in his report for the year: — ' I resumed the duties of inspection in January last and have visited upwards of fifty counties in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, besides the districts of Mus- koka, Parry Sound, Nipissing and Algoma. I am pleased to state that with few exceptions the children were found in desirable homes and fully appreciated by their employers. The appeal which is met in every district, by farmers and others for both boys and girls is a sure indication that their services are required and that the pre- judice against them which formerly prevailed has now almost disappeared. ' I am constantly preaching patience and fair treatment for the children and illustrating by comparisons what is to be expected from the employer. ' The country stands in need of the children. Close and careful inspection such as I believe is being done, is therefore necessary. The children need it and many look anxiously for the inspector's visit, while those with whom they are placed as a rule prefer it, and in many instances are not only pleased but agreeably surprised to learn that the government is taking such a deep interest in this good and noble work. ' My report on each child inspected is in your possession.' Mr. F. W. Annand, Assistant Inspector in the provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, reports: — ' The children who have come under my inspection have been found to be gener- ally, both physically and mentally satisfactory. I have already reported upon them individually with regard to the physical condition, general behaviour, and character of the situations provided for them. ' During the past year I visited children in the maritime provinces and found them, with few exceptions, giving general satisfaction and adapting themselves to their new life and conditions. ' In the main, their general behaviour has been satisfactory and, .'altogether, I find they are making good progress. Generally speaking these children were found to be in good homes, true, some poor, but good honest thinking people who take an interest in the welfare of their children of adoption. ' Their condition of life appeared favourable to their becoming good citizens of the Dominion of Canada. The large majority of the children were upon farms, and seemed to be satisfied with their lot, taking an interest in all pertaining to farm life. The girls, upon the other hand, show that they are being educated to domestic life. ' The children, in the majority of cases, are bright and intelligent, and are well spoken of. I was well pleased with my tour of inspection. ' It is a noticeable fact, each year, the homes in the British Isles realize the im- portance that Canada wants nothing but the best.' 11 IMMIGRATION 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Table showing the number of juvenile immigrants who arrived in Canada during the past six years, together with the number of applications received by the various agencies during the same period : — Fiscal Year. Children Immigrated. Applications Received. 1900-1 977 1,540 1.979 2.212 2,814 3,258 1,455 5,783 1901-2 8,587 1902-3 14,219 1903-4 16,573 17,833 19,374 1905-6 1906-7 (9 months) . 15,800 Total 14,235 98,169 The following statement will show the number of children emigrated to Canada during the fiscal year by some of the principal societies, and the number of applica- tions received for children during the same period : — Society or Agency. Dr. Children Emigrated. Barnardo's Homes, Toronto and Peterboro', Ontario, and Winnipeg and Russell, Manitoba 950 Miss Macpherson, Stratf< >rd 166 Mr. J. W. G. Fegan, Toronto 7:; Rev. Dr. A. E. Gregory, Hamilton 76 Rev. Robert Wallace, ' Marcliinont Home,' Belleville So 'Fairknowe ' Home, (Mr. Quarrier's, | Brockville. 183 The Misses Smyly, Hespeler 25 Mrs. Birt, Knowlton 173 The Catholic Emigration Association 332 Church of England Waifs' ami Strai b' Society, Sherbrooke 45 Church of England Waifs' and Strays' Society, Niagara-on-the-Lake 81 "Bristol Emigration Society ! Mr. Middlemore, Halifax 145 Salvation Army Emigration Agency Mrs. Wall is, Toronto 12 Mrs. Close, Nauwigewauk, X.I', 3 Women's National Immigration Society, Montreal 31 Applications rectived f. ii' ( lnldren. 11,060 660 (<>)500 458 . 702 937 212 929 805 133 415 300 53 2.". 50 Juvenile immigration has certain obvious advantages over adult immigration m that juveniles are sent to Canada at the impressionable age and are placed in the country districts, where they receive elementary education in the public schools and early acquire Canadian sentiments. In the great majority of cases they remain on the land, and assist in developing our agricultural resources. They come with no exaggerated ideas of the country, have no prejudices to surmount and their adapta- bility to farm life is beyond question. The records of the various societies show that many of the home boys of a few years since are now the owners in fee simple of the soil they till, and rejoice in an independence of the most sturdy character. It is a recognized fact that juvenile immigration cannot be properly conducted in the absence of receiving and distributing homes; indeed it has been a decision of both the British and Canadian governments of many years standing that these young immigrants must have a home to which they may return while out of employ- ment or during illness. Each indenture contains a definite clause to the effect that in case an employer finds a boy or girl unsuitable, it may, after a reasonable notice has been given, be returned to the home. * Did not emigrate. (a) Approximate. 104 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 11 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 It is significant that on the occasion of my annual inspections of these homes I have found a surprisingly small number of children in residence. The work of these centres has so expanded, that in addition to a superintendent a permanent staff of ' visitors ' are employed by the societies for the purpose of main- taining a continuous supervision of their wards in their homes and -ituations. In this connection it is my desire to say that all matters concerning the welfare of the children, and suggested improvements or alterations which I have proposed, have been promptly acknowledged and acted upon. During the past year changes have occurred in the personnel of the executive of some of the homes, and one agency has' been added to my list — Airs. James Wallis, of the Hurst Training Home, London, S.E. This lady has established a receiving and distributing home at Toronto for boys. From her agent who accompanied the first party to Canada, I learned that her young immigrants are gathered from a class other than the exceptionally poor, and many are connected with families of respect- able tradespeople and artisans. On their arrival at Toronto and before the party was broken by distribution I inspected the children, and found them of good physique and intelligence and of such a type as should be acceptable to the Canadian farmer. The Reverend Robert Hall, a prominent Toronto clergyman, has undertaken the re- sponsibility of placing the children in situations, and will act as agent for Mrs. Wallis. DR. BABNARDO's HOMES — TORONTO AND PETERBOROUGH, ONTARIO. Mr. Owen, the Canadian representative of the Barnardo Homes, advises me that their operations of the past year were the most successful and satisfactory in the history of their work. It has witnessed a steady increase in the demand for their young immigrants and with this increase is recognized an advance not only in the quantity but in the quality of the openings that are offering. It is rare, the superintendent stated, to find one of their wards who is not abundantly fed, well clothed, decently housed and enjoying not only the necessaries of life but a fair share of its comforts. During the year exceedingly few complaints of neglect, overwork or any kind of mis-usage have been reported ; on the whole, satisfaction with their lot prevails. Their boarding-out system is still in active operation and showing good result-. There are now 1,350 boys and girls placed in foster-homes where their maintenance is paid for by the Barnardo organization. This department alone involves the dis- bursement of money drawn from English sources to the extent of over $S0,000 annually. The demand for girls is insatiable and the wages paid useful and competent girls are higher than ever. Two visits of inspection have been made to Hazel Brae, Peterborough, the dis- tributing centre for girls, and I can only repeat what I have stated in former reports, that the comforts and accommodation for the girls are all that could be desired. The home is in charge of a large staff of sympathetic ladies who are devoted to the interests of the children. The boys' headquarters, 52 Peter St., Toronto, is splendidly adapted for its pur- pose. The building is spacious, comfortable and conveniently situated. At the time of my inspection workmen were engaged in making alterations which will afford accommodation for a larger number of boys. A large clerical staff is permanently employed and an enormous correspondence carried on with the children. Since the inauguration of Dr. Barnardo's emigration system over 19,000 children have been placed out in the Dominion. MR. J. W. C. FEGAN's RECEIVING HOME, TORONTO. On May 30 I inspected this home, and personally inspected a party of 60 boys of an average age of 12 years that had just reached Canada. In health and type they were acceptable immigrants. This home is splendidly arranged for the reception of children. il IMMIGRATION 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 I had previously seen many of the boys in training in Mr. Fegan's excellent schools at Stony Stratford and Southwark, London. Each boy had a trunk or box filled with a well assorted supply of clothing and other necessaries. Five hundred applications were on file for this spring's parties. Between 1,800 and 1,900 children have been sent to Canada by Mr. Fegan, and of this number, I understand 400 have voluntarily repaid their passage money for the purpose of assisting other juveniles to Canada. MR. QUARRIER's FA1RKNOWE HOME, BROCKVILLE. Mr. Burges reports a most satisfactory year's work. The children are cordially received by the people of Brockville. I have inspected some of their young immi- grants during the past year, and have found them a sturdy, promising lot. The work of this agency is held in the highest esteem by the people of Brockville and surround- ing country. The home is well equipped and splendidly maintained. MISS MACPHERSON'S HOME, STRATFORD, ONTARIO. During the past year two parties of children were received and distributed from this centre totalling one hundred and seventy nine boys and girls of the average age of twelve years. These juveniles were distributed in the farming districts of western Ontario. On May 2 last, I paid a special visit to Stratford and had an ample opportunity to individually inspect these youthful immigrants — their ninety-first emigration party — and found them a promising lot. They were all well supplied with clothing and other necessaries. A large number of their wards are under departmental supervision and the report speaks in satisfactory terms of their progress and adaptability for their new occupa- tion. I am again pleased to report that the work of this agency is conscientiously and efficiently carried on. MR. J. T. MIDDLEMORE'S CANADIAN HOME, FAIRVIEW, HALIFAX, N.S. Mr. Middlemore's Canadian receiving home was visited by me on June 7. I found a number of young children in residence, who had within a few days of my inspection arrived from the Birmingham homes. The ocean journey had told rather heavily on the children and it was considered advisable not to send them out for a few days. This home is well managed and the superintendent, I believe, exerts £ beneficial influence over his wards. There are 900 children under 18 years of age under active supervision. REV. ROBERT WALLACE, MARCHMOXT, BELLEVILLE, ONTARIO — MANCHESTER AND SALFORD BOYS' AND GIRLS' REFUGES. The first annual party of juveniles, for 1908, will it is expected sail for Canada in April next. The children are carefully selected and their physical fitness is always given first consideration. This important feature is borne out by the satisfactory reports of the last departmental inspection. Another fact worthy of notice is that no child is sent to the Dominion without the consent of its relatives or other persons who should be consulted. The young immigrants are placed out under indenture with farmers in central and eastern Ontario. Mr. Wallace has an extensive clientele and for many years has supplied the same farmers with juvenile help. Marchmont is the pioneer receiving home for British children in Canada. 106 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 MRS. C. L. CLOSE'S FARM HOME SCHOOL, NAUWIGEWAUK, N.B. This institution was established in 1905, by Mrs. C. L. Close of 101 Eaton Square, London, England, and is situated within 18 miles of the city of St. John. The farm consists of 180 acres partly cleared and is charmingly situated. It has been stocked with horses, cattle and poultry. A practical Canadian farmer oversees the work. Mrs. Close's policy is to combine the English poor law system with emigration, and to establish from time to time similar farm schools throughout the maritime provinces. At present the Nauwigewauk farm is at the experimental stage. Mrs. Close hopes, however, to prove by its success the feasibility of her scheme, from an economical point of view. The boys are to be taught general farm work as soon as they are old enough to perform labour, and the girls dairy, kitchen and house-work. The children all attend the public school of the district, an excellent country school presided over by a cap- able and painstaking teacher. I called at the school and examined the children in their various forms and found their progress very fair indeed. Their personal appear- ance indicated proper attention. A peculiar feature of the scheme, and one which may not prove to be advantageous to the children; is that after reaching the age of 16 or 18 should situations be found for them in Great Britain they are expected to return. During the past summer, owing to the great demand for juvenile labour in New Brunswick, it was decided to place the boys with neighbouring farmers, at a fair wage. This policy I learned from Miss Close resulted satisfactorily, and it is to be hoped it may be continued. Only one party of juveniles has as yet been sent to Canada. At the time of my visit there were ten boys and two girls in residence. Their ages varied from 7 to 15 years. The home is under the supervision of a resident lady superintendent, assisted by a trained nurse. Keen interest is manifested by the people of the neighbourhood in the success of Mrs. Close's work. THE CHILDREN'S AID SOCIETY OF LONDON, ENGLAND — CANADIAN BRANCH, SHAFTESBURY HOME, WINNIPEG. During the past twelve years this influential society has carried on a limited emigration of juveniles. Since 1896 one hundred and eighty-eight children have been received and placed in situations in western Canada. Such gratifying reports as the following have been received : — ' E. L. has turned out a first-class boy. If all the boys turn out as good they are the right sort.' Another employer wrote : ' P. N. is quite satisfactory, and I think is pleased with his home with us. I am a merchant here and intend to take him into our store.' The children are placed out under agreements which provide for wages and the majority receive board and lodgings and $-1 per month for their first year's service. OUR WESTERN HOME, NIAGARA-ON-THE-LAKE, ONTARIO. On May S I inspected this interesting and pioneer receiving-home. There were 22 girls in residence here, all were in school at the time. Their general brightness, well-cared for and happy appearance were particularly impressed upon me. The lady superintendent has had years of experience in the management of the home, and she and her assistants perform their responsible duties with efficiency. The home was comfortable and in splendid order throughout. THE SELF-HELP EMIGRATION SOCIETY, LONDON, ENGLAND. This society has sent to Canada a small contingent of boys of sixteen years of age. They were placed with farmers in eastern Ontario and Quebec under the direc- tion of Mr. E. Marquette, Provincial Immigration Agent, Montreal. Some of them il IMMIGRATION 107 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 are under departmental inspection, and in the main favourable reports have been received concerning them. THE SOUTHWARK RESCUE SOCIETY, LONDON, ENGLAND RECErVING HOME, ST. JOSEPH'S ORPHANAGE, PRINCE ALBERT, SASKATCHEWAN. On July 18 this society emigrated and sent forward to western Canada six girls and fourteen boys. MRS. BIRT's HOME, KNOWLTON, QUEBEC. For thirty-six years Mrs. Birt has been engaged in the emigration of children to the Dominion and for as many years has personally accompanied parties across the Atlantic. Many of her former proteges have engaged in farming and other pursuits in eastern Canada. During the past calendar year 258 children have entered her training home in Liverpool, and of this number 192 have been sent to Canada. In a recent report Mrs. Birt stated that ' the attempt to train such a number of children, means constant attention to the task and the utilization of every hour. The history of every child must be gone into in detail, their health and habits must be watched.' Such a wise precaution has doubtless assisted very materially in the selection of proper homes and situations for the children in Canada. Fifty marriages were reported since last report. A party of sixty juveniles is expected to reach Knowlton early in March and I understand situations for all have been arranged. With few exceptions, the depart- mental inspection shows that the children sent out from this home are doing well. THE GIBB HOME, SHERBROOKE, QUEBEC. This home is the Canadian branch of the Church of England Waifs' and Strays' Society of London, England, for boys. It is well maintained and under the supervision of a conscientious and painstak- ing lady superintendent. A local committee of management directs the operations of the home. There was but one child in the home on this date and he was merely a lodger, being employed by the day by a dairyman. Advantage was taken of my visit to Sherbrooke to inspect a number of boys placed in that city. I found, as in other cities, that there is dearth of domestic servants, and in lieu of girls the services of the society's boys when possible are requi- sitioned. Such occupation for boys is open to criticism, as it keeps them in the cities and towns; but it is doubtful whether the natural ambition of these lads will permit them to remain in such work. It is to be hoped that a short experience will lead the local committee to a change of policy in this regard. Of the boys with farmers in the Eastern Townships, excellent reports have been received. THE ' COOMBE HOME,' HESPELER, ONTARIO — CANADIAN BRANCH OF THE MISSES SMYLY'S DUBLIN (IRELAND) HOMES. On the occasion of my annual visit of inspection, I found a particularly bright and well-selected party of children at this receiving home. The party had only recently arrived from the Misses Smyly's Training Schools in Dublin where I understand they had been under training from infancy. The superintendent informed me that they would remain at Hespeler for some months before being sent out to situations. In this period they will attend the Hespeler Public School and become acquainted with Canadian ways. After school hours the children are employed about the premises at gardening, poultry-raising, bee-keeping, &e. In addition to the every day routine the boys under the direction of Mr. Tebbs have done considerable carpentry work, and have erected a splendidly equipped poultry house. Poultry rearing is one of the chief occupations. 108 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 11 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 The citizens of this stirring little town take a commendable interest in the home and many spoke to me in a complimentary manner of the superitendent and the diligent and well directed training the children receive at his hands. This is the only home in Canada which receives Irish children exclusively. st. george's home, Ottawa, Ontario — the catholic emigration association. The operations of this society are constantly growing. For the year ending December 31, 1907, 263 boys and 68 girls were received and distributed, as follows : — Boys, Ontario, 110 ; province of Quebec, 149 ; Nova Scotia, 4. Girls, Ontario, 34 ; province of Quebec, 32 ; New Brunswick, 2. These boys were indentured with farmers and the girls went into domestic service. Including these children there are 1,610 juveniles under supervision. They are all under active supervision and are visited at least once each year. The home is in charge of four sisters of the English order of St. Paul the Apostlr. Since taking over the affairs of the institution many improvements have been made to the interior of the home. The children's quarters were found scrupulously neat and tidy and the home throughout was in splendid condition, affording every con- venience for the proper carrying out of the work. The records and visitors' reports are well and systematically kept. Six parties of young immigrants are expected to arrive on April 30, composed of boys : May 28, composed of boys : June 25, composed of girls ; July 23, composed of boys; August 20, composed of boys; September 17, composed of boys. For the most part the children are from the homes and schools in the Catholic dioceses of Westminster, Southwark, Birmingham and Liverpool. From the departmental reports of the past year's inspection the society's wanl< with few exceptions are filling their situations with good satisfaction. THE NATIONAL CHILDREN'S HOME AND ORPHANAGE (REVEREND DR. GREGORY) — CANADIAN BRANCH, HAMILTON, ONTARIO. I paid my annual visit of inspection to this home on March 28. The first party for 1908, numbering some sixty boys in all had a few days previously reached Hamil- ton. The demand being so great the work of distribution began on the day following their arrival. I made an individual inspection of thirty-five of the party, and sub- sequently witnessed the dispersion of a number. Farmer after farmer called, pro- duced their testimonials as to character, signed their agreement and proudly drove off with their young labourer. Some of these fanners had driven over very bad roads a distance of twenty or twenty-five miles. A number of farmers called for boys but were obliged to return home disappointed as the demand was far greater than the supply. A yearly agreement system is adopted by the governor, i.e., boys are only placed out for one year and at the end of this period if agreeable to all concerned, a new and different agreement is entered into providing for wages according to the boys' actual earning power. These agreements are as far as possible uniform in character and only vary in the case of boys of school age. In sending the children to Canada each one is supplied with a complete outfit of clothing and other essentials. I carefully took stock of each boy's box or trunk and found them to contain one overcoat, one tweed suit, working clothes, one Sunday suit, ee shirts, three caps, four pairs socks, one pair braces, one pair new boots, one pair Sunday boots, one pair slippers, one pair top boots made of strong durable leather, one scarf, four dickies, six handkerchiefs, one tie, one cord suit, one pair overalls, one brush and comb and bag, one toothbrush, boot lacos, one bible and text book. I was rather surprised to find that their articles of clothing were of such good durable material and, with care, should suffice for at least eighteen months wear. The personal appearance and good manners of these lads indicated a wise and intelligent training. The opportunity was afforded me of saying a few words to the young immigrants as they were assembled in one of the recreation rooms, in which I ii IMMIGRATION 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 pointed out to them their opportunities in Canada and what would be expected of them here. I subsequently made an inspection of the home and found it quite up to its wonted standard of excellence. The work of this receiving home is held in good esteem by the citizens of Hamilton and adjoining counties. THE SALVATION ARMY. Twenty-nine juveniles of an average age of 16 years were brought to Canada during the past year by the Salvation Army, and placed in farm work under their immediate supervision. They were located in the provinces of Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia. The interests of these young immigrants are protected by the following indenture which must be entered into : — I herewith make an application for a boy of about years of age. I agree to provide him with proper lodging, food, clothing and medical attendance. If under school age I will see that he receives the common school education — as provided in) the district where I reside — for at least months of the year. I undertake to retain the boy in my home and service for year or until he is years of age. I will, in addition to providing him with food and clothing, pay him dollars for the first year, and dollars for the second year that he is under my care, and an increase of dollars per year afterwards, until he receives the ordinary wages paid in the district to a farm hand. If anything should occur that might necessitate his removal or discharge before the expiration of this agreement, I will notify the officer in charge of the home so that the boy can be returned to the home. If he should leave of his own account I will notify the officer at once. He must not be placed in the care of another person with- out the consent of the officer in charge. I also agree to furnish a report concerning him as often as required on (1) health; (2) general conduct; (3) education and ability to work; (4) wages received. I acknowledge the Salvation Army to be the guardians of the said boy, and agree to permit the officer in charge of the home, or any authorized officer at all times to have access to the said boy, and I also acknowledge their right to remove him from my care if they consider it in the interests of the boy so to do. Signature. . . .i Address Witness Date Forty-four boys are under supervision. Having inspected the reports, I find they are doing satisfactorily. Your obedient servant, G. BOGUE SMAET. No. 18. EEPORT OF THE CHIEF MEDICAL OFFICEE. Ottawa, May 14, 1908. W. W. Cory, Esq., Deputy Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my fifth annual report on the medical inspec- tion of immigrants, being for the twelve months of the fiscal year ending March 31, 1908. The work carried on by this service includes the inspection of all steerage and second-class passengers landing both at the Atlantic and Pacific seaports of Canada, as well as all similar passengers destined to Canada but arriving at the United States 110 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR il 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 ports of Portland, Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore. The latter are examined at these several ports by United States immigration officers, while those, the greater number, arriving at New York are again examined there by a medical officer of this branch. All immigrants arriving at Montreal via United States ports are finally inspected there. The task of medical inspection further includes much work at Montreal, Winni- peg and the various other points in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, where large numbers of immigrants arrive at the different distributing points. This work especi- ally includes sick recent immigrants who require hospital treatment, or who are reported upon, if sick, as regards their deportation. The results of the work done in these several directions will be found referred to in the various tables. With a view to obtaining yet more accurate knowledge as to the character of the immigrants who have been admitted to Canada, the chief medical officer has under- taken special inquiries to determine the extent of diseases in admitted immigrants, especially as regards insanity, feeble-mindedness, tuberculosis and trachoma. Obviously except as regards the inmates of public institutions, the information to be obtained lacks the definiteness of tabulated statistics; but as the immigrant who becomes sick, if, of limited means, soon must ssek charity, we may fairly assume that relatively few cases occur which do not come under the attention of some institution, whether federal, provincial or municipal. In addition to this there is the trans-Atlantic medical inspection. There has been added what may be considered as an additional medical inspection in Great Britain where the following particulars must be supplied on a regular printed form, in the instance of every emigrant who in any way receives official assistance to emigrate : — DEPAETMENT OF THE INTEEIOE, GOVEENMENT OF CANADA EMIGEATION BEANCH. REPORT AND MEDICAL CERTIFICATE. In respect of (the undersigned) assisted by to the following extent Age Nationality Eeligion Address in full Present occupation How long in such occupation ? Has applicant ever worked on f arm ? If so, for how long and where ? Can applicant drive horses? Plough? Milk? Is applicant suitable for: — Farm work?. . . . •. Eailway construction work ? Domestic service ? Intended occupation in Canada? At what place? Is applicant willing to accept farm work on arrival in Canada? Name and address of agent or person in Canada to whom going for employment .... General appearance of applicant: — Strong? Vigorous?. . . . Delicate? Buddy? Pale? Approximate height Approximate weight. . . . Has applicant any obvious physical defect or malformation? Give details II IMMIGRATION 111 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Is he feeble-minded Idiotic? Epileptic? Insane? or had an attack of insanity within five years? Is he deaf and dumb? Deaf? Dumb? Blind? Infirm? If so, give details and state if applicant is going with family or to family already in Canada Address of such family in Canada What security is proposed in such case under section 26 of the Immigration Act ? . . Is applicant afflicted with a loathsome disease, or with a disease which is con- tagious? Is he a pauper, destitute, professional beggar, vagrant, or likely to become a public charge in Canada? Has applicant been a charge on the public in Great Britain or Ireland? If so, how long and where? Has applicant been convicted of a crime or been in prison? Give details is applicant honest? Sober? Industrious? Thrifty? Of good morals? What amount of money or money's worth will applicant have on landing in Canada? Is applicant married or single? H married give age and name of wife Is wife good housekeeper and tidy ? Give children's names, ages, trade and earnings. Have the girls been in service, or prepared for service, and if so, how? Is family accompanying him? If so, what provision is being made for family in Canada ? H family not accompanying applicant what provision is being made for family here? Has applicant any relations or friends in Canada, and at what address? Relationship Are such relations or friends willing to assist and house applicant temporarily? Or does the assisting society undertake to do so? What reason has applicant for desiring to go to Canada? Has applicant applied to any other society ? J£ so, give particulars Give name and address of parents or nearest living relatives in England Signature of applicant certifying correctness of above statement. Dated at this day of 19 . * *Signature and designation of responsible officer of society assisting. Note. — In addition to the above report, the original records must be submitted for inspection with this form. 112 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, GOVERNMENT OF CANADA, EMIGRATION BRANCH. MEDICAL CERTIFICATE. In respect of an assisted emigrant. Is the physical history of the applicant's family good? If not, state defects Do the sounds of the chest as ascertained by percussion and auscultation indicate a perfectly healthy condition of the lungs? Is there any disposition to tubercular disease of the lungs, hereditary or other- wise ? Have any relatives died or suffered from consumption, bronchitis or other lung disease ? Is the condition of the heart healthy? Is there any tendency to epilepsy or fits of any kind ? Has the applicant ever had rheumatic fever? Is the applicant ruptured ? Has the applicant ever had trachoma or suffered from diseases of the eye? Is applicant's sight good? Give condition of applicant's teeth Is applicant suffering from eczema or any other skin disease? Has applicant undergone an operation? If so, what? When was applicant last vaccinated? Has applicant any organic defect or bodily deformity? Is applicant strong — Physically? Mentally? Has the applicant or any relation been at any time the inmate of a lunatic asylum? If so, when ? Has the applicant had any serious illness or injury? If so, of what nature and at what time? Is any such affliction likely to recur? I hereby certify that the above named person has been examined by me, and that I am of the opinion that he is of good constitution, in robust health, mentally fit, and a suitable person for emigration to Canada. Address Dated 19 . Subsequently each emigrant must pass the inspection of the port officer appointed by the board of trade, as well as the shore medical officer of the ss. line, and finally thn medical officer of the vessel before being taken on board. In addition to this the medical officer and the master of the vessel must certify to the following bill of health before the immigrants can be removed from the vessels. IMMIGRATION 113 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 SS BILL OF HEALTH— CERTIFICATE OF MEDICAL OFFICER. of line. This is to certify that I am medical officer of the steamship of the S.S. line, and that I have daily inspected all the passengers and crew on the vessel during the passage from to , and that to the best of my knowledge and belief there have been no cases of sickness or death on board other than the following : No. Name. Age. Nature of Sickness. Cause of Death. Quantity and des- cription of property and money left by deceased. 2 3 4 5 6 7. ,. 9 Certified correct, Port of ■ Dated 190 Medical Officer. CERTIFICATE OF MASTER. This. is to certify, that I am master of the steamship of the i SS. line, and that I have daily inspected all the passengers and crew on board the vessel during this passage from to and that to the best of my knowledge and belief there have been no cases of sickness or death on board other than those certified to by the medical officer of the vessel, as above. Certified correct, Port of Master. Dated 100 . REPORT OF MEDICAL INSPECTOR OF IMMIGRATION SERVICE. Re SS of SS. line. I hereby certify, that I have examined the schedule giving the names and description of passengers thereon, and have inspected the passengers themselves, and beg to make the following statement regarding the sanitary condition of the ship and 'of the health of the passengers : — Amount of cubic air space and provision for ventilation Number of immigrants to each washbasin 25— ii— 8 114 DEPARTUEXT OF THE IXTERIOR il 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Kind and condition of latrines and closets, and number in relation to the number of immigrants Condition of ship as regards light and cleanliness Statement regarding the correctness of certificates of medical officer and master Signed, Port of Medical Inspector. Dated 190 . When in addition to these various measures taken to sift out undesirable immi- grants the examination of each person in succession is made by one, and at the large seaports by two medical officers, followed by a thorough civil examination or inquiry into their age, occupation, destination, financial standing and an estimate of their moral qualities and likelihood to succeed in Canada and become good citizens it would appear that little more could reasonably be done to prevent the ingress of improper persons to the country. In the criticisms which from time to time are made of the work of medical inspection of immigrants, one piece of advice is almost always given, viz., ' Have Canadian officials inspect at foreign ports, all immigrants before they take passage.' Remembering the number of seaports at which immigrants coming from different countries embark, knowing how all those in any way assisted are required to present certificates as to physical and mental health, and realizing that a very large proportion of emigrants go to some one of the thousands of -booking agents in these several countries, buy their tickets inland, and arrive at the steamer only a few hours before sailing, it will be apparent that no effective scheme can be devised for dealing with these several classes of cases, other than requiring intending passengers to be present in the seaport towns several days before sailing, to undergo a rigid examination before being allowed to go on shipboard. Apart from the diplomatic difficulties of having, say, at Liverpool, the medical officers of the United States, Canada, Mexico, fee., severally interfering with the rights of citizens of any other country to board a vessel in a home port, it is evident that there would be inconveniences and hardships imposed upon emigrants greatly beyond any actual gain from such examination. As the situation exists at present booking agents in all foreign countries are fully aware of the requirements of the Immigration Act of Canada. Board of trade medical officers at seaports constantly give general supervision of emigrants, and medical officers attached to the several shipping companies are specially engaged in sifting emigrants_ prior to embarkation, while they are finally looked over by the ship's medical officer as they go aboard. What seems, however, quite practical, is a further detailed and thorough examination during the voyage, and a daily observation by the ship's medical officer of every person on shipboard, subject to inspection. He is required at present to certify in the manner already indicated, and if the company can be compelled to enforce, and such officer can be stimulated to make such examination an exact and serious matter, by filling in a blank form with the particulars of the exnmi- nation of each individual emigrant, every practical requirement would be fulfilled, grace such a signed report containing such an examination would bring to the atten- tion of the medical inspecting officer at the port of landing any person regarding whom any remarks were made and a further special investigation could be made of such after the general inspection was completed. For instance, insane persons or those on the borderland, alcoholics and persons whose actions on board ship show them to be degenerates wouid in many cases have revealed their true characters during the seven or more days on shipboard. It is therefore not unreasonable to expect that such sys- tematic examinations would gladly be concurred in by every steamship company bring- ing emigrants to Canada, since subsequently they are required to bear the expense of deporting the undesirables, while it is evident it would make less necessary any long delay at the seaports on landing, resulting from the more detailed examination' l>f every immigrant, such as many who criticise would seem to demand. IMMIGRATION 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 TABLE I. Statement showing the total number of vessels carrying immigrants, arriving at the ports of Quebec, Halifax, St. John, North Sydney, Vancouver and Victoria dur- ing the fiscal year 1907-8. Port. Quebec Halifax St. John North Sydney Vancouver Victoria Totals — .' _: ,331 2,559 611 146,266 3,570 18' 524 1,064 3,543 12- 440 1,667 4,638 1,172 262,469 16,418 3,294 1,097,689 The above statement gives at a glance the story of the work of medical inspection since the passage of the amendment to the Immigration Act in 1902, made necessary by the sudden increase of immigration from 49,149 in 1900-1, to 67,379 in 1901-2. Taking 1903-4 as the first year of regular medical inspection it is found that while the ratios of detained and debarred to the total were 1 in 71 and 1 in 476, in 1907-8 there were 1 in 57 detained and 1 in 224 of those debarred, or to make it more evident, it may be stated that while the immigration of 1907-8 was almost exactly double that of l°03-4, il IMMIGRATION 117 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 the increase of the debarred in 1907-8 to that in 1903-4 was 4 -28 times. In other tables it is shown that while the rejections in 1903-4 were almost wholly from trachoma, there being 233 of a total of 274 debarred, yet in 1907-8 there were only 362 in a total of 1,172 deported on account of trachoma. The report of 1903-4 further states : — ' Remarkably few indeed of English-speaking people were detained — only 35 out of 50,374,' while it especially deals with the number of detentions and deportations of people from southern Europe, there being 150 out of a total of 510. In 1907-8 the rejections of British numbered 122. Comparison of the detentions and rejections in table 3 is of little absolute value since immigrants arriving via several points of entry present several important differences. Those arriving via Montreal from Portland, Boston, New York, &c, represent a normal European immigration mostly from continental countries, notably Austria, Eussia and Italy ; those via North Sydney are nearly all from Newfoundland, while those arriving at Victoria and Vancouver are largely Asiatics. As the Montreal inspection is superadded to that at Ameiican ports, few persons have been debarred at that point, but 106 out of 22,381 arrivals were debarred or 1 in 211 or 50 per cent greater than for the total at the ports of Quebec, Halifax and St. John. Of Pacific coast arrivals 1,143 were detained at Victoria in a total of 8,796 or 1 in 7 .7 and 1 in 111 debarred, while at Vancouver of 12,808 arrivals, 897 were detained or 1 in 14, and 376 were debarred or 1 in 34. The causes of refusal to land were in some cases due to diseases, but in many others the clauses of the Act relating to other unde- sirable classes became operative. TABLE in. Statement for the Ports of Halifax, St. John and Quebec, showing the number of Immigrants detained and debarred during the fiscal year, 1907-8. SS. Line. Port. Number Ex- amined. Detained. De- barred. Ratio of de- tained to Number ex- amined. Ratio of de- barred to Males. Females Number ex- amined. Halifax St. John Quebec . Totals Halifax St. John 24,534 180 54,057 461 "l74' 196 1 93 261 1 102 364 1 in 37 1 in ISO 1 in 202 1 in 85 1 in 94 1 in 180 1 in 530 78,771 615 20,355 48,758 69,728 635 3 220 257 290 1 in 216 C. P. R. SS. Line 3 53 65 31 95 1 in 103 1 in 74 1 in 151 1 in 657 1 in 513 Totals Halifax 480 122 126 1 in 116 1 in 553 6,374 29,479 15 125 25 84 10 50 1 in 159 1 in 141 1 in 637 1 in 590 Totals... St. John Quebec Totals Halifax St. John Totals 35,853 1,411 6,570 7,981 140 109 60 1 in 144 1 in 598 Donaldson SS. Line . . . . 17 42 3 24 13 26 1 in 71 1 in 100 1 in 109 1 in 253 59 27 39 1 in 93 1 in 205 2,566 505 68 16 1 7 11 2 3 1 5 1 in 95 1 in 505 1 in 8 1 in 855 1 in 505 1 in 14 3,139 195,472 24 13 9 1 in 85 1 in 349 1,338 561 598 1 in 103 1 in 327 118 DEPARTMENT OF TUE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 This illustrates several remarkable results due to the varied character of immigra- tion at different seasons of the year. Thus of the large number 24,534 brought to Halifax by the Allan steamship line, 1 in 37 were detained and 1 in 94 debarred; while of 54,057 arriving at Quebec but 1 in 202 were detained and 1 in 530 debarred. As remarked last year, ' the difference is due to the fact that a notably larger number of continentals arrive in winter.' It has been found that such are especially suffering from diseases of the eyes, contracted or made worse during cold weather and under confinement on railways and on shipboard. The Dominion line showed a proportion of detentions and deportations very close to the Allan line, being 1 in 144 detained and 1 in 598 debarred. The Canadian Pacific steamship line showed the detentions 1 in 74 at St. John during the winter months and 1 in 657 debarred. In the large number arriving by both these lines at Quebec, there is much the same proportion detained, the latter having 1 in 151, as also debarred, the ratio being 1 in 513. The Donaldson steamship line, sailing wholly from Glasgow, presents the anomaly of having the largest detentions and rejections, there being 1 in 93 and 1 in 205. This line has come recently into the field of competition, and shows what has been before commented upon, that being unable to get at first their share of the regular passengers, they are liable to have brought to them doubtful emigrants refused by other lines. Taking these Atlantic seaport arrivals together it is seen that, whereas last year 1 in 695 only was debarred, this year 1 in 327 was refused admission to Canada, or in all 598 persons in a total of 195,472 arrivals. TABLE IV. Statement showing the number of Immigrants detained and debarred from Montreal, New York, North Sydney, Vancouver and Victoria for fiscal year 1907-8. Port of Entry. Port of Arrival. Total Arriving. Total Detained. Total Debarred. Total Released. Still in Hospital. 9181 396 3,802 V 2,098 22.3S1 ! as above. 6,837 12, SOS 8,796 589 106 4 897 1,143 9 106 4 376 79 567 13 1 New York New York Vancouver 516 1,058 5 6 Totals 58,036 2,739 574 2,141 24 The medical officer of the branch at New York debars a certain number on inspection. IMMIGRATION 119 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 TABLE V. Statement by nationalities of number of Immigrants debarred, showing total arrivals of the same nationalities for the fiscal year 1907-S. Total Arrivals for Canada and U.S. Atlantic Ports. Pacific Poets. Via U.S. Pouts. Totals. Nationality. For Canada. For U.S. For Canada. For U. S. For Canada. For Canada. For U. S. Totals. Austrian, N.E.S 2,3112 121 2,145 14,453 1,56S 10 256 3,767 912 321 53 4,544 3,733 709 93.22S 6,999 23,007 1,116 3,030 1,821 1,343 2,789 3,362 339 587 834 2,046 404 4,780 10,125 5,931 15 63 641 624 929 11,423 8,317 1,209 142 2,452 58,312 2,627 143 19 3 4 1 23 1 4 11 6 1 1 127 4 2 1 1 2 1 69 14 28 1 21 15 3 8 4 2 8 13 21 1 3 33 33 3 48 3 3 7 2 1 5 3 2 3 28 4 2 2 24 2 7 8 13 26 1 4 11 5 4 11 Hungarian, N.E.S. . 1 1 1 11 4 2 1 6 1 1 116 48 175 4 2 1 1 2 1 65 14 28 1 13 11 2 7 4 2 10 3 3 4 5 1 English 7 2 1 5 1 3 76 16 28 Welsh 2 8 4 1 1 26 Hebrew. N.E.S.. 15 3 8 3 7 Polish, N.E.S... 2 2 3 8 3 10 Polish Russian.. . . "'21' 16 21 1 3 19 29 1 8 21 15 23 1 3 Russian, N.E.S Hebrew Russian. . . . 28 4 2 1 13 4 61 37 2 1 8 22 19 51 76 9 1 2 131 218 2 1 Turkish 2 24 2 7 10 1 4 28 2 46 21 58 76 8 84 Greek 7 1 2 1 13 22 1 U. S. Citizens via 2 Prom U.S. direct. . . 130 218 131 218 1 I 2 8 Totals 283,592 448 162 447 107 1,002 170 1,172 This table has always had a special interest for the general observer, since rightly or wrongly many of the public are accustomed to found their judgment regarding immigrants from the particular personal experience they have had with them as domestic servants, farm hands, citizens, clerks or as competitors in the labour market. Compared with last year, notably more Austrians, Germans. Scotch and Irish were debarred ; twenty times as many Chinese, fewer Japanese, but almost twice as many Hindoos (218), while 133 coming from the United States were debarred com- pared with 17 last year. It is notable that so much larger a number from the United States have been refused admission this year as compared with last year. 120 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Other tables will show causes for which immigrants were debarred, but it may be said here that the financial distress in the United States has not only been the cause of many persons out of work coming to Canada, but probably explains the increase of some other nationalities who hitherto had not largely come to Canada. Thus the 179 Bulgarians of 1907 were increased to 2,529; the passenger agencies previously sending such to the United States, diverting the stream to Canada and resulting in 175 being debarred, and many more being subsequently deported on account rather of lack of funds and employment than of disease. TABLE VI. Statement showing the total number of Chinese, Japanese and Hindoos detained, released and debarred at the Ports of Vancouver and Victoria, during the fiscal year 1907-8. Nationality. Vancouver — Chinese Japanese . . Hindoos . . . Victoria — Chinese . . Japanese . Hindoos . Totals. Totals . Total No. Arriving. 1,255 2,822 2,390 Detained. 6,467 736 5,483 234 0,453 96 157 .Mil 793 100 943 11 1,114 Released. Debarred. 72 21 120 35 322 218 514 274 155 0 891 52 10 0 1.056 52 No. still in Hospital. What is notable is the considerable increase in Chinese arrivals both at Victoria and Vancouver. There were detained in all 256 Chinese, of whom 21 were debarred. Thus while 1 in 8 was detained, but 1 in 95 was debarred. The notably large number of detentions was due as last year to returning Chinese, who had contracted conjunc- tivitis and who were treated and released. Of the 1,100 detentions in 8,305 Japanese, many were for causes other than medical, since only 87 were debarred. Of the 2,624 Hindoos arriving 551 or 1 in 4-8 was detained and of 218, 1 in 12 debarred, a consider- able number being diseased or physically unfit. TABLE VII. Statement showing the diseases and other causes for which immigrants were detained at the Ports of Quebec, Halifax, St. John, Montreal, North Sydney, Vancouver, Victoria and New York during the fiscal year 1907-8. Class of Disease. I . Ci intagious diseases. I law eoi I letenl ion. Typhoid fever I Measles Parotiditis (mumps). Erysipelas Totals, q v 1(3 20 (2 died ) g<3 to IMMIGRATION 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Table VII — Continued. Class of Disease. Cause of Detention. 13 C "a" m ■2 "3 a ■fc - 5 11 Still in Hospital. 27 1 1 4 1 12 1 1 1 2 16 1 1 4 1 12 1 1 (died) 1 2 Rheumatism 51 40 11 1,013 1,810 2 1 3 3 1 3 16 3 1 (1 died) 635 1,768 1 1 1 1 5 3 1 362 3 1 1 3 2 "2 11 16 39 Corneal opacity Choroiditis Defective sight Pterygium Trachomatous cicatrization Totals . 2,856 20 8 18 4 1 1 2 3 1 4 62 2,416 385 55 Insanity IV. Nervous system (died) 1 4 5 3 1 1 4 19 18 4 13 1 1 2 3 1 Other nervous diseases Totals 42 6 1 3 10 1 ied) 1 1 V, Circulatory system 16 1 11 10 8 18 2 (4d 13 (1 died) 2 2 2 Totals 28 3 13 3 2 2 Totals 23 21 2 Dysentery 8 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 (1 died) 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 8 Intestinal hemorrhage Piles 20 12 8 122 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Table YII. — Continued. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 se of Detention. Number 1 letained. - - :- y. •6 2 Still in Hospital. VIII. Genito-urinary system Syphilis Bubo 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 (1 died) 1 1 1 3 Totals 8 5 :; 10 1 2 S 64 2 4 3 5 1 2 7 62 2 4 3 5 Alopecia 1 2 Totals 94 si; 8 4 1 2 4 1 1 26 3 1 2 13 1 Deaf and blind 2 2 1 1 13 ■ Clubfeet Totals 39 19 20 5 4 2 2 1 4 2 2 2 1 2 1 Totals 14 10 3 1 35 7 1 10 6 1 25 1 physical debility Exhaustion from seasickness . Totals 43 17 26 364 163 178 24 2 89 271 3 3 195 2 1 13 7 3 21 5 2 19 4 2 2 5 1,378 302 11 (2 died) 125 2 88 20 154 2 1 7 3 3 2 57 152 53 24 5 Likely to become a public charge. . . Waiting for information 2oi 3 3 41 1 Contravention of Order-in-Couneil.. 13 Held by U.S. officers 18 5 2 19 4 2 5 Totals 720 652 6 4,638 3,403 L4died) 1,172 63 IMMIGRATION 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Of the total 311,820 who arrived in Canada, 58,312 crossed at border ports of the United States boundary, and were not medically inspected, but 26,236 others who arrived at Canadian seaports, and were detained for the United States were inspected. Hence of 253,508 undergoing medical inspection 4,638 were detained and 1,172 were debarred. All causes for which immigrants were debarred are set forth in the last statement, whether medical or otherwise. The usual cases (18) of measles, 14 of which occurred in children infected on shipboard were detained with parents. Of the general diseases, class II., notably the largest number 27 was of tuberculosis; some of these were detained for observation, others having the disease in its initial stages, and having funds or going to friends, were admitted while 11 were rejected. How far the excluding clauses of the Act should be made operative in this sad but interesting class of cases by our medical officers at the seaports, is a matter which has received very careful attention. While the infectious nature of this disease in its advanced stages, and under certain conditions is fully recognized, yet in no country is it being dealt with as severely as the acute contagious diseases, and experience shows that it need not be if intelligent precautions are taken. But in the case of the immigrant, there are two other phases of the matter which cannot be overlooked. The first is, if he comes seeking health, advised by his physician, say in England, is not in an incurable stage, and has a reasonable amount of money or is coming to friends who have sent for him and who are willing and able to take care of him, then there Is every reason why such an one should, viewing the matter from the humanitarian standpoint and the higher law, be given a chance for life, just as the Canadian goes south to Jamaica, California and Florida in search of health. On the other hand, if the immigrant is in an advanced stage of the disease, or is without funds, both causes unfortunately for which individual cases have been sent to Canada, there can be but one course to pursue and that is to reject. Other cases where a member of an otherwise good family is infected, where a wife or child is coming to a husband or father already settled in Canada, have each to be dealt with separately and the course of action to be determined on with due regard to the best interests of the individual and of Canada. TABLE VIII. Statement showing number of suspected tubercular immigrants detained, released and rejected; also number who died at ocean ports during the fiscal year 1907-8 by nationalities. Nationality. Detained. Released. Rejected. Died. Galician 1 8 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 English 6 3 2 2 Hebrew, N.E.S.. 1 1 1 1 1 Polish Russian . . 1 1 Russian, N.E.S. . 1 1 I 1 Totals 27 14 11 2 The only other important cause for detention in this class was fever, and all were released. These cases were largely the effects of seasickness and the confined life on shipboard, and were in no sense infectious. 124 DEPARTMENT OF THE TXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Class III. as usual contains the chief number of detained persons, there being 1,013 cases of trachoma, of whom 362 were debarred; 1,810 cases of conjunctivitis, of whom 3 were debarred, and 16 cases of defective sight, of whom 11 were debarred. In all 2,856 cases were detained on account of eye disease, and 385 were debarred. While still a very important factor in the work of medical inspection at Atlantic seaports, it has become yearly less so, since the booking companies in Europe and Asia have insti- tuted the practice of a routine medical examination of continental and Asiatic immi- grants either in their home countries or at ports of sailing, especially as regards trachoma. Class IV. — Of the 62 cases in this class of nervous diseases, 20 were cases of insanity. Remembering that this is a disease which the Act absoutely excludes, and that in most cases nothing less than close and prolonged observation and examination will suffice to detect cases of insanity, it is gratifying to state that our officers succeeded in detecting 20 cases in the necessarily short examination at the ports of entry. In view of the criticism which here and there is made of the work of medical inspection, the following table illustrating comparative progress in detecting insanity is given, as taken from Annual Reports of the United States Commission : — TABLE IX. Statement showing the number of Insane detained at the seaports of Canada and the United States. 1903-04 . 1! 104-05. 1905-06. 1906-07. 1907-08. 6 33 7 92 139 15 189 20 Remembering that the number of immigrants coming to the United States in 1906-07 was 1,298,413, added to which were 153,120 non-immigrant aliens as cabin passengers who were also inspected, we find that 1,451,533 had 1S9 insane or 1 in every 7,680 inspected as compared with 1 in every 11,187 coming to Canada. There is, however, a difference in the comparative number of immigrants from different countries to Canada and the United States which is of interest in this connection. TABLE X. Statement showing number of British immigrants arriving in Canada and the United States. 1906-07. 1907-08. Canada — English and Welsh 43,590 11,355 3,706 :m,344 23,007 6,999 58,651 59,404 19,740 34,530 124,350 "M Report not yot received. 113,674 IMMIGRATION 125 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Thus the remarkable fact is developed that the total immigration from the British isles in 1907-8 to Canada was greater than that to the United States in 1906-7. Of the total 18 insane rejected at Canadian ports '8 were English, 2 Scotch, 2 Irish, or together 67 per cent of the whole; 2 French and 1 each of Galician, Russian Hebrew, Newfoundlander and Negro race. Of those at United States ports debarred on account of insanity there were in 1906-7 26 or 1 in 2,284 English, 7 or 1 in 2,820 Scotch and 44 or 1 in 784 Irish. In other words in a total of 113,674 British or in one eleventh of the total immigration to the United States there were 77 insane rejected or 40 per cent of the whole rejected insane, while the total rejected at Canadian ports is thus seen to be comparatively as 6 to 12. There is, as seen in the British rejections at the ports of both countries, seemingly good evidence to show that the same influ- ences tend to send to both Canada and the United States certain ill-balanced persons of erratic habits, who at times of their own caprice and at others at the sug- gestion of others come to these countries, reached as easily and almost as cheaply as is London from Aberdeen, and where the language and customs present no difficulties to be overcome, and where, too, many are sent to friends, or have been advised to try America for their health whether financial or physical. That the rate of progress of detentions of the insane and rejections at the Canadian ports, has been at any rate comparatively satisfactory, may be concluded from the fact that three times as many were detained at Canadian ports in 1907-8 as compared with 1903-4. As regards the numerous other causes for detention or rejection, little need be said from the purely medical standpoint ; cases of poor physique and physical debility are readily detected, and when to these are added evident moral defects of character or lack of funds, the line of action indicated is easily determined. TABLE XL Statement showing diseases and other causes for which Immigrants were deported during the fiscal year 1907-8. Class of Disease. I. General diseases II. Tli.- eye III. Nervous system . . IV. Circulatory system., Cause of Deportation. Tuberculosis Rheumatism Alcoholism Malarial fever . . . Hip disease Blight's disease. . . Hodgkiu's disease Defective sigh! Trachoma Cataract . Insanity Feeble minded. . . Epilepsy Paralysis Locomotor Ataxia Heart disease Varicose veins. Total . Total. Total . 70 21 1 1 1 1 1 W 3 2 1 122 13 10 2 2 149 6 4 Total 10 126 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR II 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Table XL — Continued. Class of Disease. Cause of Deportation. V. Respiratory system Haemoptysis. Bronchitis. . VI. Digestive system VII. Genitourinary system. VIII. The skin Rupture Syphilis . . . Metrorrhagia. Abscesses Fistula. . . . Mastoiditis IX. Malformation, diseases of oldageand infancy X. Accidents XI. Ill-defined C: XII. Other causes Old age . . Cripple. - Deafness . Flat f. .ot Broken leg Physical del >ility . Likely to become public charge. Accompanying patients Criminality Prostitution Vagrancy . ... Contract labour Immorality Drug habit 3 1 Total 4 1 3 1 Total 4 2 1 1 Total 4 7 5 2 1 Total 15 33 279 116 49 26 23 6 2 1 502 825 Total Grand total. However satisfactory the work of port inspection comparatively may have been, it has been supplemented by further action which the department wisely or the opposite laid down of itself, and which the Immigration Act requires all muni- cipalities in Canada to take. Clauses 28 and 33 of the Immigration Act read: — ' 28. No immigrant shall be permitted to land in Canada who is a pauper, or destitute, a professional beggar, or vagrant, or who is likely to become a public cbarge; and any person landed in Canada who, within two years thereafter, has become a charge upon the public funds, whether municipal, provincial, or federal, or an inmate of or a charge upon any charitable institution, may be deported and returned to the port or place whence such immigrant came or sailed for Canada. '33. Whenever in Canada an immigrant has within two years of his landing in Canada committed a crime involving moral turpitude, or become an inmate of a jail or hospital or other charitable institution, it shall be the duty of the clerk or secretary of the municipality to forthwith notify the minister thereof, giving full particulars. On receipt of such information the minister may, on investigating the facts, order the deportation of such immigrant at the cost and charges of such immigrant if he is able to pay, and if not then at the cost of the municipality wherein he has last been regularly resident, if so ordered by the minister, and if he is a vagrant or tramp, or there is no such municipality, then at the cost of the Department of the Interior. Every such immigrant shall be carried by the same transportation company or com- panies which brought him into Canada to the port from which he came to Canada ii IMMIGRATION W? SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 without receiving the usual payment for such carriage. In case he was brought into Canada by a railway company such company shall similarly convey him or secure his conveyance from the municipality or locality whence he is to be deported to the country whence he was brought.' The history of British emigration legislation for a century had clearly shown the necessity for this legislation, as for instance the Act of 1834 which provided that persons entitled to vote at any public vestry meeting, could vote to direct that money, not exceeding one-half the rate of the preceding year may be applied to assisting its residents to emigrate, and might be borrowed to be repaid within five years. The reason for such a Bill is understood when Horton who introduced the Bill stated that in the parish of Frome 14,000 habitually or casually received relief. 'He said the parish was too poor to keep them and would borrow money if allowed to emigrate them.' It is not too much to expect perhaps, in spite of the notification and of announce- ments made in Great Britain by the department of the kind of emigration desired, and what is not wanted, that there have been in the enormous number of British emigrants who came in 1907-8 to Canada, some persons who were of this assisted class. While all of those on arrival who desired work obtained it until the financial crisis occurring in the United States in the autumn of 1907 affected Canadian industries and caused a stoppage of work, which resulted in the least desirable and energetic immigrants, especially in Ontario to which they had largely gone, 61,475 in the calendar year 1907, repeating what was stated in the Immigration Committee's report in the parliamentary papers of Canada of 1858, ' There were more jail commitments in 1858 than in 1857 due 'to lack of general employment in Canada and the United States.' It may also be stated that the seven years previous to 1858 had seen a total of 291,134 arriving in Canada, and nearly all in Upper Canada, so that the conditions following the financial crisis of 1857 must have been very serious indeed resulting in immigration to Canada decreasing from 59,716 in 1854 to 6,689 in 1858, and from 193,065 to 43,761 for the same years to the United States. Under ©lass I. the chief cause of deportation has been tuberculosis. In order to know to what extent cases of this disease had passed inspection, a circular was sent in January last to every hospital and known refuge in Canada, requesting reply to questions as to the nationality, age, date of arrival in Canada and of admis- sion to hospital, and the final disposition of the case. From Ontario answers were received from 61 institutions; from Quebec 18; from Nova Scotia 49; from Manitoba 6 ; from Saskatchewan 3 ; from Alberta 9 ; from British Columbia 7 ; from the Yukon 1. Of these only 10 in Ontario reported any cases, there being 21 in all. Seven in Quebec reported 66 cases; three in Manitoba, 25 cases; twelve cases from Saskatchewan; three from Alberta, and none from either British Columbia, Nova Scotia or the Yukon, or in all 127 cases were reported. Most of these, apart from 11 who died, have been reported to the department, and are included in the 70 cases deported during the year. Of those deported up to the date of the circular, I have analysed them according to the information obtained, with the following results : — Evidently tuberculized on admission to Canada 25 Probably tuberculized on admission to Canada 17 Not tuberculized on admission to Canada 15 Of others, two recent arrivals died in in refuge in Hamilton; two at Port Arthur within a year of arrival, and two others without particulars; four Austrians who were navvies, died in St. Thomas hospital and one in Lethbridge. Of 61 cases of tuberculosis treated in Victoria hospital, Montreal, not born in Canada, 18 had arrived within three years, and 4 in Notre Dame, all of whom had arrived within a year. While it is doubt- less true that others may have arrived and been admitted, they have evidently arrived with and been maintained by their families or have come to friends. In Winnipeg the Margaret Scott Nursing Mission had 22 cases of tuberculosis during 10 months, 128 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 visited by its nurses, but no information was available as to whether they were immi- grants and if so had recently arrived. In Class II. diseases of the eyes were the cause of but 6 deportations. This is the best illustration possible of the thoroughness of the wrk of inspection as regards this class of disease. A careful personal investigation instituted during the year developed the following facts : In the general hospital in Winnipeg there were in all 14 cases of trachoma operated upon in 1907, and of these only three judging by their names were immigrants. In the out patient dispensary of 2,941 cases treated in 1907, there were but 17 of trachoma, and 3 for corneal ulcers. Of 25 cases treated in 1907 in St. Boni- face, Winnipeg, 6 were French half-breeds; 6 Austrians, two only of whom had arrived within two years, and 4 Russians, of whom 1 had arrived within 2 years. The Montreal General Hospital outdoor clinic treated 102 cases of trachoma; but no par- ticulars were kept, and the report states, ' Quite a number of the cases were natives of French Canada.' These constituted practically all the cases of trachoma found in the country. Class III. — In all 122 cases of insanity were deported; a very remarkable number indeed, as indicating the activity of the department in relieving the public institutions of this serious source of expense. When it is remembered that it is very difficult to get correct information from some of these unfortunates, whose relatives or friends are often only too reluctant to have them return, it is perhaps surprising that it has been possible to make arrangements for the return of so many. Reference has already been made to the measures taken for preventing the admis- sion of such cases to Canada. How large is the number of the cases deported may be gathered by comparison with the United States returns which show that in 1906-7, some 360 aliens were deported on the ground of their becoming insane within three years after landing. In Canada within less than two years from the passing of the present Act, 1*4 were deported, or more than half as many, though our immigration within the two years was but one-sixth of that to the United States. TABLE XII. Statement showing the number and year of admission of insane and other immigrants deported during the fiscal year 1907-8. Province irted From. Year Of Arrival. - Total No. Deporti 'I. s £ Si O 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1 1 ' "3 0 6 1 32 87 6S 4 8 13 11 91 243 151 2 8 39 19 12 131 343 233 2 12 56 36 Quebec 1 ... . 3 4 8 25 50 25 1 2 s 1 1 6 1 \S. A. via ( lanada 1 2 13 Totals 1 2 1 2 17 213 564 8 17 825 122 Class IV. of Table XI. had few deportations, there being 6 of heart disease and 4 of varicose veins. Class V. of Table VII. had in all 28 detentions and 10 rejections, 6 being from heart disease. ii XUMIGRATIOy 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Class VI. had 23 detentions and 2 rejections from diseases of the respiratory sys- tem, 13 being acute pneumonit, mostly developed on shipboard, of whom 4 died. Class VII. — Including diseases of the digestive organs, shows a remarkable immunity from diseases, such as cholera, typhoid, &c, which in the early history of immigration were the causes of serious sickness and mortality. Classes VIII. and IX. — Detentions in Classes VIII. and IX. are confined almost wholly to two skin diseases peculiarly prevalent amongst the people and schools of the. poorer parts of Great Britain and continental cities. They are favus and ringworm (tinea) ; both difficult to cure and both liable to spread in insanitary houses. In all 5 cases of favus were rejected and 2 of ringworm. Class X. is an ill-defined group. Had 39 eases detained and 20 rejected. Of these 13 were old persons, senile and unable to care for themselves. Class XI. contains but few cases whether of injuries or wounds. Under Class XII. of Table XL we find for the first time a notable number of immigrants deported as paupers, or those liable to become a public charge. While last year there were but 23, in 1907-8 there were 279, and along with those there were deported 49 as criminals and 52 for other forms of immorality or vagrancy. That there should have been in the stress of a sudden stoppage of work during a Canadian winter so few cases subject to deportation from some one or more of the causes set forth in the Act, is probably the best commentary possible upon not only the industrious qualities of most of our imniignants, but more so upon their moral char- acters. The paucity of immigrants in public institutions may be best illustrated per- haps from the Ontario annual reports of the Public Charities: — TABLE XIII. Statement giving Number of Refugees in Ontario and Admissions thereto in 1905 and in 1907. l'JOo. i -JO". Institutions 74 73 Number of inmates 5,507 5,528 Previous Residence. Received from city or town where refuge is located 4,020 4,017 Counties 718 464 Received from some other county in Ontario. (551 883 Emigrants and foreigners 118 134 5,507 5,528 Thus the total increase in two years was only 21, and the immigrant increase but li;. while the total immigrants were less than 3 per cent of the whole. It is further interesting to note that the number admitted into the House of Industry, Toronto, in L905, was 1117. and 152 in 1907; in the House of Providence, Toronto, 320 in 1905, and 299 in 1907. The last annual report of the House of Industry, Toronto, including the hard winter of 1907-8, shows an increase in the cost of outdoor relief from $11,- 149 05 to $18.407. IS. and as it is to this refuge that most applicants to the city hall are sent, it may be said that the increased calls for help there which began in November with the shutting down of large factories were the measure of official charity exer- cised. Moreover, this outdoor relief was chiefly to some 200 families, mostly English, who came late in the autumn, of which only two of the number were deported, while outdoor relief ended with March. 25— ii— 9 130 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TABLE XTV. Statement showing the Number and Nationality of Immigrants Deported after Ad- mission during the Fiscal Years 1903-4, 1904-5, 1905-6, 1906-7 (9 months), and 1907-8. Nationality. Total No. Arriving. Deported. Ratio of Deported to Number Arriving. 2,795 1,939 1,120 228 2.445 306 281,521 6,481 9,009 22,095 447 3,792 5,532 4,531 1,238 4,617 71,094 949 5,179 8,910 36,231 1.137 11,684 6,430 5,138 32,203 15,202 1,994 2,344 2,665 26,138 !.>>-' 1 239,481 5,452 63 13 5 1 10 1 SSL' 19 23 47 1 8 11 8 2 7 80 1 5 8 32 1 8 4 3 17 8 1 1 1 10 1 51 1 1 in 44 1 in 14!l 1 in 224 Dutch Hebrew German . 1 in 328 1 in 24". 1 in 306 1 in 319 1 in 341 Swedish 1 in 392 1 in 17ii Welsh 1 in 503 Hebrew. N.E.S. 1 in 566 Polish, N.E.S Scotch Australian Hindoo 1 in 619 1 in 660 1 in 889 1 in '.149 1 in 1,036 1 in 1,114 1 in 1,132 Turkish 1 in 1,137 1 in 1,461 Austrian, N.E.S Russian. X.E.S 1 in 1,608 1 in 1,713 1 in 1,894 1 in 1,000 1 in 1,994 Syrian 1 in 2,344 1 in 2,665 1 in 2,614 1 in 4.(12 1 Newfoundland 1 in 4,696 1 in 5,452 Totals. . . . . 824,951 1,334 1 in 618 As was remarked in a preceding report, the number of immigrants of some nationalities has been too small to draw conclusions from, yet some nationalities show continued freedom from deported cases. As a racial group the Scandinavian, including Xorwegian, Swedish. Danish and Icelandic, shows most deported or 1 in every 309 of 18,549 immigrants. TheBritish group, by far the most important, is next highest, and in spite of the very large number of English emigrants, shows 1 in 319 in a total of 281,521, or S82 in all; that is, supplied two-thirds of the total deportations in a number of immigrants a little more than one-quarter of the whole. The Austrian group as before stands well, being 1 in 1,139 of 52,416 returned. Similarly of the Ger- mans, but 1 in 1,461 of 11,684 returned. Of French 1 in 1,114 of 8,910, and but one person in 4,624 Belgians. Of Russian and Russian Hebrews 1 in 2,297 were returned out of a total of 41,340. Similarly a remarkable immunity continues amongst Italians, but 17 in 32,203, or 1 in 1,894 being sent back. IMMIGRATION 131 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 TABLE XV. Statement showing the Number, Nationality and Cause for which Immigrants were deported during the Fiscal Year 1907-8. Nationality. Whence sent for Deportation. tjj s © a Class of Disease. Cause of Deportation. Deported at Montreal. Winnipeg 2 1 1 1 6 3 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 " 1 2 1 2 1 — 1 1 1 1 7 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 i 6 10 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 7 4 1 1 1 1 1 i i i; l i "5 1 1 ... 1 1 General diseases The eye Dutch < rerman English St. John " „ Woodstock Port Arthur Meaford, Ont " U.S. A. " Winnipeg Toronto . .... " Hebrew, N.E.S Polish Winnipeg Montreal Winnipeg Niagara Falls . . . Fort William Winnipeg Winnipeg Chesley, Ont Winnipeg Montreal Miniico, Ont .... " Russian, N.E.S " English. . Hip disease. B right's disease. Hodgkin's disease. Defective sight. Trachoma. Bukowinian Galician Nervous system Insanity. Winnipeg „ . English Stanstead, Que. . . Montreal Toronto Cobourg, Ont. . . . Renfrew, Ont . . . Ottawa Thamesville, Ont Penetangui « h en e , Ont Kingston Winnipeg ■ ■ Calgary Edmonton New Westminster, B.C Mimico, Ont Toronto Montreal U. S. A "i 2 1 1 1 1 1 Hebrew, Russian 132 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Table XV.— Continued. Nationality. Whence sent for I deportation. 1 d ~. i "\ "i l l l i l l i 2 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 H o '— "l 1 .... T "l i 2 1 .... 1 1 1 5 Id I 1 1 3 3 "s 1 3 1 3 10 ( ilass of I tisease. 1 '. !,-- of 1 teportation. [tali an Dutch . Hamilton Montreal. . Winnipeg Nervous system Circulatory system . . Respiratory system. . . . Digestive system Genitourinary system. C Malformation, "1 • Diseases of old age [• { and infancy. j Ell-defined causes .... ( )thei causes Insanity. Winnipeg Montreal Sherbrooke Winnipeg. English. . . Polish •• Epilepsy. English. . . . St. < 'atharines ... Carle ton, Ont. Winnipeg Paralysis. Winnipeg. Ilaunoptvsis. Winnipeg St. Andrew's, Que. Winnipeg From U.S. A Bronchitis. Rupture. Syphilis. ,, Metrorrhagia. Abscesses. Winnipeg 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 ,, Old age. Cripple. Hebrew, N.E.S English Winnipeg Montreal Toronto Scotch Winnipeg 3 1 1 2 "l 14 1 1 1 2 27 Physical debility. Dutch Winnipeg English Osluiwa , Swedish Winnipeg ■■ Winnipeg Montreal \jikely to become a public charge. Bulgarian. . . ,, English " 7 13 11 1 1 1 6 ,, Toronto ,, ( tehawa " „ Clinton Sault Ste. Marie, , Winnipeg ,, ,, Scotch Montreal Toronto "i" 3 2 Turkish . Accompanying patients. Toronto Dutch English * i Toronto 6 ,, IMMIGRATION 133 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Table XV. — Continued. Nationality. Whence sent for Deportation. English. Scotch Irish Australian . Dutch English . . . Winnipeg Montreal . . . . Toronto London, Ont. ii . . Ottawa .. Winnipeg . . . Scotch Montreal n Hamilton . . . Oshawa I Ittawa Chesley, Ont. . Renfrew, Ont Clinton, Ont . Ingersoll Meaford, Ont. Winnipeg Montreal . Woodstock Toronto Winnipeg . Ottawa Toronto Irish Hebrew, N.E.S. Danish Montreal . . . Eroui U. S. A I n Sherbrooke . English Winnipeg . . Scotch Irish Galiciau English Scotch . English Deported (it St. John. English U.S. A Monti eal Toronto London, Ont. . I Ittuwa . Woodstock Cobourg, Ont. Winnipeg Lethbridge . . . Winnipeg Totals Montreal Toronto .< London, Ont.. ■i Oshawa, Ont. . St. Tohn ii Winnipeg . . . Welsh i Michel, B. C. . Scotch Toronto Irish Winnipeg. . . . tt Vancouver. Hebrew Russian Italian Finnish Sault Ste. Marie . Swedish . . Montreal U. S. A Norwegian Winnipeg. ... English jCampbellton, N.B, .. ... Montreal Montreal . Irish Italian . . English . . Scotch.. . Galician German . Winnipeg . Montreal St. John. . Winnipeg New Westminster U.S. A ... 325 Class of Disease.' ( lause of.] »<■[" irtatii in. Other causes 131 Accompaning patients ( trmrinality. Prostitution. Vagrancy. tic niral diseases Drug Habit. Tuberculosis. The eye Nervous System Rheumatism Defective sight. Trachoma. Insanity. 134 DEPARTMENT OF THE 1STER10R 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Table XV. — Continued. Nationality. Whence sent fi ii- Deportation. 1 1 8 -. i i i i i "i" i" i i Y i i i i i 5 u 2 1 4 9 12 "u' ' i 3 Class "f Disease. Cause of Deportation. English Wakefi.-ld. Que.. Nervous system The skin I Malformation, \ - Diseases of old age J- 1^ arid infancy. Accidents Ill defined causes. . .. Insanity. I.' mi ton, ' hit . I'm : Vrthnr 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 'J 1 1 1 D . s A Port Arthur Winnipeg CT.S A Winnipeg V. S A 1 Hebrew Russian U. S. A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Finnish r. s a Vermilion, Ont.. . . Winnipeg 1 itt.iwa U. S. A English Ottawa Broadview. Saak Epilepsy. Paralysis. Fort William Russian, N.E.S English Winnipeg 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 5 6 1 5 1 1 4 16 1 1 1 1 1 Fistula. Cripple. Scotch Winnipeg Broken leg. Physical debility. English Bukowinian U.S. A Winnipeg U. S A Other causes Likely lo become a public charge. Winnipeg " English Toronto " ii • trough St. 'Thomas. ... . Winnipeg Victoria, B.C " Scotch Ottawa " 5 1 1 1 2 TJ. S. A •• Hebrew Russian " IMMIGRATION 135 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Table XV. — Continued. Nationality. Whence sent for Deportation. CD 3 <6 S Clas.s of Disease. Cause of Deportation. Italian Bulgarian U.S.A Montreal Toronto l 5 19 1 1 1 2 r 5 2 2 2 1 "i 79 1 1 14 16 4 4 1 4 5 T 1 236 Other causes Likely to become a public charge. Russian, N.E.S U. S. A.'..'..". .'.'. Norwegian Accompanying patients. Oshawa Toronto Winnipeg U.S.A 7 3 1 -1 Toronto St. Thomas Winnipeg Hamilton 1 1 3 1 1 4 1 Criminality. Toronto English Toronto U.S.A Totals 212 Deported at Vancouver. From U.S.A . Nervous system Insanity. Likely to become a public charge. Totals Burlington, Ont. . . Toronto Halifax . 3 5 3' 11 1 10 3 1 1 1 17 3 2 1 From U.S.A ,, Vagrancy. Epilepsy. Likely to become a public charge. Deported at Halijax. English Nervous system English ,, St. Catharines.. . Totals Victoria ... Deported at Victoria. Other causes Likely to become a public charge. Criminality. From U.S.A.... .. ,, 6 2 14 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 10 589 Nervous system Vagrancy. Immorality. Alcoholism. Insanity. Totals Deported at Quebec. U.S.A.'.. V.. '.'.'.'.'.'. Physical debility. Likely to become a public charge. Criminality. ,, Dorchester, N.B. . Totals Grand totals. . 136 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Table XV. is a detailed statement of what i- summarized in Table XIV., and serves not only to indicate the nationality of those deported, but also the place whence they were sent. Bow widely distributed is our immigration throughout Canada, and how genera] is the knowledge of the provisions of the A.-t regarding deportation, are seen from the list of places whence immigrants have been deported. These places were : — Winnipeg 232 Toronto 190 Montreal 115 Oshawa .... Unite. 1 States. Vancom er . . i >ttawa .... Victoria . . Chatham . . . Quebec . . . . . Edmonton . . . Peterborough . Halifax .... London . . Renfrew . . . ( ihesley .... Hamilton . . . 38 36 33 21 20 25 in ;> 7 7 S New Westminster 4 Vleaford 4 Clinton .". i lobourg '■'• St. Catharines 3 Port Arthur .". [ngersoll 3 Woodstock :: Munico St. John 3 St. Thomas 2 Sherbrooke 2 wers on tin- Winnipeg river to accompany the report of W. Thibaudeau, C.E. 7. Map showing the drainage basin of the Winnipeg river to accompany the report of W. Thibaudeau, C.E. v -Map of the Winnipeg river from Lake Winnipeg to English rivir, and from ish river to First fall, to accompany the report of W. Thibaudeau, C.E. 9. Plan of a group of eight falls on the Winnipeg river to accompany the report of W. Thibaudeau, C.E. 10. Diagram of the Winnipeg river showing cross-section, discharge, &c, to accompany the report of W. Thibaudeau, C.E. 11. Profile of Winnipeg river from Lake Winnipeg to English river and Pinawa channel to accompany the report of W. Thibaudeau, C.E. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, E. DEVLLLE, Surveyor General. iii REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR GENERAL SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 21 SCHEDULES AND STATEMENTS. APPENDIX No. 1. Schedule of Surveyors employed and work executed by them, from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908. Surveyor. Address. Description of Work. Aylsworth, C. F . Baker, J. C Madoc, Ont Vermilion, Alta. Beatty, 1 )avid Parry Sound, Ont Belanger, P. R. A Bolton, Lewis. Bourgeault, C. E. Ottawa, Ont. . . . Listowel, Ont St. Jean Port .Toll, Que. Bray, Edgar. . Carson, P. A.. Cautley, R. H Cautley, R, W Chilver, C. A.. Oakville, Ont. Ottawa, Ont . Edmonton, Alta. Edmonton, Alta Glen Lyon, Man. Re-survey of parts of townships 14, 15 and 16, range 7, and parts of townships 15, 16 and 17, range 8, all east of the piineipal meridian. Contrp- Is Nos. 2 and 24 of 1907 : subdivision of town- ships 53, ranges 10, 11, 12, 13 and 17, townships 54, ranges 9 and 10, the southerly two-thirds of town- ships 54, ranges 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16, the north- erly two-thirds of township 53, range 16, and the east outlines of townships 55 and 56, ranges 10 and 11, and townships 53, ranges 14 and 15. all west of the fifth meridian. Retracement survey of townships 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31, range 0, townships 27 and 28, range 7, and traverse in township 32, range 6, west of the fourth meri- dian ; retracement and restoration survey in town- ship 50, range 27, west of the third meridian. Inspection of contracts Nos. 17, 18 and 19 of 1906, Nos. 2, 16, 22 and part of 24 of 1907, completion of in- spection of contracts Nos. 16 and 21 of 1900. Mis eellaneous surveys between the second and third meridians and retracement in township 53, range 3, west of the fifth meridian. Miscellaneous surveys at The Pas and along Cormorant lake, in the Northwest Territories. Subdivision and re-survey in townships 14 and 15, range 5, and township 14, range 6 ; retracement survey in townships 18 and 22, range 4, township 19, range 3, townships 21 and 22, range 5, and township 22. range 6 ; re-survey of the north boundary of Spruce Woods timber reserve in townships 10, ranges 15 and 16, all west of the principal meridian. Survey of the colonization road, north from Teulon, across townships 16 and IT, range 2, and township 17, range 1, east of the piineipal meridian, and across townships 17, 18, 19 and 20, range 1, west of the principal meridian. Contract No. 11 of 1907; subdivision of township 37, range 2, and parts of township 37, range 1, and townships 38, ranges 1 and 3, all west of the second meridian. Triangulation surveys in British Columbia in connec- tion with the Trigonometrical Section of the Topo- graphical Survey of Canada. Contract No. 23 of 1907 ; subdivision of townships 33 and 34, ranges 14, 15, 16, 17, IS, 19 and 20, west of the fourth meridian. Contract No. 28 of 1907 ; subdivision of townships 41, ranges 15, 10 and 17, and townships 42, ranges 10, 11 and 16, all west of the second meridian. Contract No. 6 of 1907 ; subdivision of townships 37, ranges 5 and 6, townships 38, ranges 4, 5, 6, 10 and 11 ; survey of the east outlines of townships 37 and 38, range 7, townships 39, ranges 5, 6, 7 and 10, and of townships 40, ranges 5, 6 and 7, all west of the second meridian. 22 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR iii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 1. Schedule of Surveyors employed, and work executed by them, from April 1, 190", to March 31, 1908. — Continued. Surveyor. 1 lescription of Work. Christie, W. C6te, J. L. Davies, T. A. Deans. W. -1 . Dumais, P. T. C. Edwards, Geo Fairchild, C. C. Fawcett, i.dam Fontaine, 1.. E. Green, W.T.... ( Ihesley, Out. Edmonton. Aha Ottawa, i 'nt Brandon, Man Hnll. Que Ponoka, Alt.i. Brantford, Ont. ( travenhurst, ( tot I,. \ is, Que.. . Ottawa. ( tat Sun i\ of the eighth base line across ranges 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 12, lii, 14 and part of 10; the ninth base line across ranges 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, IS and part of 19, all west of the principal meridian ; sur- \ ey of the principal meridian across townships 20, 27 and 28. Contract No. 9 of 1907; subdivision of townships €5 and G6, ranges 19, 20, 21 and 23, township 66, range 22, north of Athabaska river ; survey of the east outlines of townships 67 and 68, ranges 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23, all west of the fourth meridian. Etetracement and restoration survey in townships 51, 52, 53 and part of 50, range 26, west of the third meridian ; township 41, range 16 ; townships 41. 42 and 43, range 17; townships 43 and 41, range 18. and township 44, range 19, west of the fourth meridian; correction survey in township 50, range 2; township 52, range S; township 44, range 17 ; township 45, range 18, and township 43, range 20, west of the fouith meridian: part subdivision of township 52, range 22, west of the third meridian. Retraeeruent and restoration survey of township 24, range 30, west of the principal meridian, and town- ship 21, lange 1, west of the second meridian ; tra- verse of Whitesand river from the second meridian to the Assiniboine river and of lakes in township 24, range 2, township 32, range 9, and township 34, range 3, west of the second meridian ; correction survey in township 14, rango 7, west of the second meridian ; survey of Doukhobor villages in town- ships 30, ranges 1 and 5, township 31, range 3, and townships 31 and 32, range 6, west of the second meridian ; survey of townships 29 and 30, between Whitesand and Assiniboine rivers and of the south and east boundaries of Cote Ind ian reserve. Contract No. 33 of 1907 ; re-survey of parts of town- ship 18, range 20, and township 20, range 22, west of the principal meridian. Contract No. 19 of 1907. Subdivision of town- ships 27, 28, 29 and 30, ranges 14, 15 and 10, and parts of townships 27, ranges 17 and IS, all west of the fourth meridian. ^Contract No. 8 of 1907. Subdivision of townships 29, 30, 31 and 32, ranges 18, 19 and 20, and townships 29, 30 and 31, range 21, all west of the fourth meri- dian. Contract No. 30 of 1907. Subdivision of townships 27. 28, 29, 30 and 31, range 14, part of township 31. range 15, and part resurvey of township 30, range 15. all west of the principal meridian. Traverse of Milk river through Canadian territory. Survey of part of township 4, range 6, west, of the fourth meridian. Miscellaneous surveys in townships 13 and 15, range 1; townships 14, ranges 1 and 2 ; townships 20 and 22, range 4 and township 21, range 5 : traverses of Bow and Cascade rivers, of the Canadian Pacific railway canal in township 25, range 11, and of Highwood river in township IS, range 1, all west of the fifth meridian ; traverse of Little Bow river in township 13, range 24, west of the fourth meri- dian ; resurvey of Brewster Leasehold in the Rocky Mountains Park. REPORT OF TEE SURVEYOR GENERAL 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 APPENDIX No. 1. Schedule of Surveyors employed and work executed by them, from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908. — Continued. Surveyor. Address. Description of Work. Grover. *i. -A. Hawkins, A. H Holcroft, H. S. Hopkins. M. \V Hubbell, E. W. Norwood, Ont. Johnson, A. W Eimpe, M Kirk, J. A ... . Knight, R. H Listowe], Out. . . . Toronto, Ont . . . Edmonton, Alta. * Ittawa, Ont Kamloops, B. C. Edmonton, Alta. Revelstoke, B. C. Edmonton, Alta Contract No. 27 of 1907. Subdivision of townships 42 and 43, range 9 ; townships 40 and 43, range 10 anrt townships 39, 40 and 43, range 11 ; survey of the east outlines of townships 42 and 44, range 10 and of townships 41, 42 and 44, range 11, all west of the second meridian. Survey of the thirteenth base line across range.-. IS to 23 inclusive; the twelfth base line across ranges 9 to 14 inclusive, and resurvey of twelfth base line across ranges 1 to 8 inclusive, between the fifth and sixth meridians. Contract No. 5 of 1907. Subdivision of townships I'.i. 50, 51 and 52, range 15, and townships 51 and 52, range 10, west of the third meridian. Contract No. 4 of 1907. Subdivision of townships 59 and 60, ranges 1, 2, 3 and 4, and townships 59, 60, 61 and 62, ranges 5 and 6 ; survey of the east out- lines of townships 57 and 5S, ranges 2 and 3, and townships 63 and 64, ranges 6 and 7, all west of the fourth meridian. Miscellaneous Burveys in township 46, range 21 ; town- ships 44 and 46, range 22 ; township 46, range 23 ; township 27, range 24 ; townships 45 and 49, range 26 ; townships 17, 20, 21 and 22, range 29 and township 18, range 30, west of the second meridian, and in townships 33, 34 and 35, range 1, and town- ship 34, range 2, west of the third meridian ; tra- verse in township 25, range 25, west of the second meridian. Inspection of contracts Nos. 5, 15, 20 and 21 of 1907. Completion of inspection of con- tract No. 12 of 1906. Subdivision survey in township 4, range 28, and town- ships 2, 4, 9, 10 and 11, range 29, and resurvey in township 3, range 28 and township 4, range 29, west of the sixth meridian, and in townships 5 and 6, range 4, and in townships 4, 5 and 6, range 5, -vest of the seventh meridian. Traverses in town- ships 3 and 4, range 28, west of the sixth meridian, and in townships 5 and 0, range 4, and in townships 4, 5 and 6, range 5, west of the seventh meridian. Survey of Pitt meadows in townships 40 and 42, east of the coast meridian. Survey of part of the townsite of Yale, and correction survey of the townsite of Hope in townships 7 and 5, respective- ly, range 26, west of the sixth meridian. Contract No. 16 of 1907. Subdivision of township 58, range 8 ; townships 57 and 58, range 9 ; townships 58 and 59, range 10 ; townships 59, ranges 11 and 12, and townships 60, ranges 10, 11 and 12, south of Athabaska river. Survey of east boundaries of townships 59 and 60, range 9 ; township 57, range 10 ; townships 57 and 58, ranges 11 and 12, and townships 57, 58, 59 and 60, range 13, all west of the fifth meridian. Subdivision in township 26, range 20, west of the fifth meridian, and township ^3, range 2, west of the sixth meridian. Contract No. 22 of 1907. Subdivision of township 61, range 1 ; townships 60 and 61, range 2, and town- ship 61, ranges 3, 4 and 5. Survey of the east boundary of township 61, range 6, all west of the fifth meridian. 24 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Hi 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 1. SCHEDULE of Surveyors employed, and work executed by them, from April 1, 1 !»07, to March 31, 1908.— Continued. Survc Address. I description of Work. Lonergan. ( I. .1. Magrath, <', A. Miles, C F. . . Molloy, John Buckingham, Que. Lethbridge, Alta. Toronto. Out Winnipeg, Man. Montgomery, R. H.. .. Prince Albert, Sask McLennan, A. L Toronto, Ont McFarlane, W. G. Toronto. I hit McGrandle, H Wetaski win, Alta. McMillan, Geo Ottawa, i int Inspection of part of contract No. 15 of 1905, contracts No. 24 of 1906, and Nos. 4, 8, 9, 10, 18, 19 and 23 of 1907. Traverse in township 30, range 19 west of the fourth meridian. Miscellaneous resurveys in township 57, range 10: township 59, range 12; township 26, range 17 ; township 52. range 21 ; and townships 51, ranges 25 and 26 ; part subdivision of township 2?, range 17, and township 51, range 21, all west of the fourth meridian. Contract No. 18 of 1907. Subdivision of townships 7 and 8, range 12, and township 8, range 13, all west of the fourth meridian. Inspection of contracts Nos. 17, 25 and 41 of 1907, and parts of contracts Nos. 10, 13 and 25 of 1906. Sur vey of the townsites of Ernfold and Chaplin in township 17, range 7, and township 17, range 5, respectively, west of the third meridian. Correc- tion survey in township 6, range 14, west of the second meridian. Retracement surveys in town -hip 23, range 26, west of the second meridian. And in townships 21 and 24, range 1, township 24 and part of township 23, range 2, west of the third meridian. Contract No. 32 of 19n7. Subdivision of township 8, range 14 ; townships 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 anil 8, range 15, all east of the principal meridian. Contract No. 13 of 1907. Subdivision of townships 50, ranges 15, 16 and 17, north of the Saskatchewan river; townships 50, ranges 18, 19, 20 and 21 : townships 51, ranges 19, 20 and 21 ; north one- third of township 49, range 19. Survey of the east outlines of townships 51 and 52, ranges 15, 16, 17 and 18, and townships 52, ranges 19, 20 and 21. all west of the second meridian. Contract No. 20 of 1907. Subdivision of townships 51, ranges 24 and 25 ; townships 52, ranges 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27, west of the second meridian ; and town ships 52, ranges 1 and 2, west of the third meri- dian. Contract No. 1 of 1907. Subdivision of townships 42 and 43, range 12 ; the south one-third of townships 15, ranges 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, and the south twi \- thirds of townships 45, ranges 8, 9, 10 and 11. Survey of the east outline of township 41, range 12, and miscellaneous subdivision in township 44, range 1, and township 45, range 12, all west of the second meridian. Subdivision of the west half of township 41, range 25 ; the east half of townships 41 and 43, range 26 ; the north one-third of town- ships 44, ranges 28, 29, 30 and 31 : miscellaneous. Subdivision in townships 42, ranges 25 and 2ti : townships 44, ranges 26, 27 and 32, and in town ship 45, range 32. all west of the principal meri dian. Contract No. 10 of 1907. Subdivision of township 60, range 23 ; townships 06, 07 and 08, range 24. Sur vey of the east outline of townships 05, 00, 07 and 68, range 25, all west of the fourth meridian. [nspeotion of contracts Nos. 2, 9 and 27 of 1900. and contracts Nos. 3 and 12 of 1907. Re-survey of river lots in township 18, range 10, east of the principal meridian. Completion of the survey of the town- site of Gimli. Etetracement and restoration survey of Manitoba House Settlement in township 22. range 11, and in township 21, range in, west of the principal meridian. iii REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR GENERAL 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 APPENDIX No. 1. Schedule of Surveyors employed and work executed by them, from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908.— Continued. Surveyor. Address. Description of Work. OHara, W. F Ord, L. R. '1 'arsons. J. L. I! Ottawa, Out. Winnipeg, Man. Toronto, Out. Pearce, W Ponton, A. W Redly. W. R.. Calgary, Aha Macleod, Alta. Regina, Sask. . Ross, I Jeo. . Rose, Jos. E. Welland, Out. . . . Kamloops, B.C.. . Roy, 6. P Quebec, Que. Saint Cyr, A Ottawa. < hit . Survey of the second base line across ranges 2, 3 and part of 4. Subdivision of part of township 5, range 2, and parts of townships 5 and 0, range 3, all west of the fifth nrei idian. Contract No. 34 of 1907. Subdivision of townships 64, ranges 21, 22, 23 and 24, and survey of the east. outline of township 114, range 25, west of the fourth meridian. Contract No. 17 of 1907. Subdivisijn of townships 1 and 2, ranges 17 and 18 ; townships 4, ranges 23 and 24 ; townships 9, ranges 25, 26 and 27 ; town- ship 0, range 29, and townships 4, 5 and 0, range 30. Survey of the east outlines of townships 1 and 2, range 19, all west of the second meridian. Sub- division of townships 4, 5 and 6, range 1 ; town- ships 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, range 2 ; townships 5, 11 and 12, range 3 ; townships 12, ranges 4 and 5 ; townships 11 and 12, ranges 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 ; survey of the east boundaries of townships (>, 7 and 8, range 3, all west of the third meridian. Re-survey of township 24, range 22, and the east boun- daries of sections 27 and 34, township 27, range 27, west of the fourth meridian. Survey of the fifth meridian from the twentieth base to the twenty -second base ; subdivision in township 10, range 29, west of the fourth meridian. Subdivision of townships 54, ranges 27 and 28. Re tracement of township 34, range 6 ; part of town- ship 38, range 13, and townships 51, 52 and 53, range 27, west of the third meridian. Mounding in townships 41 and 42, range 27, west of the second meridian. Traverse of two lakes, one in township 20, range 22, west of third meridian, and one in township 52, range 1, west of the fourth meridian. Survey of the fourteenth base line across ranges 13 to 28, inclusive, west of the fifth meridian. Traverse of the Columbia river through townships 30 and 31, range 25 ; townships 31 and 32, range 26, and township 32, range 27, west of the fifth meri- dian. Subdivision in townships 19, ranges 6 and 7 ; townships IS, ranges 7 and 8 ; townships 17, 18 and 19, range 9; townships 17, 18, 19 and 20, range 10; townships 17 and 18, range 11 ; township 18, range 12; townships 17, 18 and 19, range 14. Re- suivey in townships 19, ranges 15 and 17, and townships 19 and 20, range 18, all west of the sixth meridian. Traverse in township 19, range 6 ; town- ships 18 and 19, ranges 7 and 9 ; townships 17, ranges 10, 12 and 13 ; townships 17 and 18, range 14 ; township 19, range 15, and township 20, range 18, all west of the sixth meridian. Contract No. 21 of 1907. Subdivision of township 47, range 11 ; townships 49, ranges 12 and 13 : town- ships 49, 50 and 51, range 14. Survey of the east outline of township 52, range 14, all west of tin- third meridian. Survey of the sixth meridian from the sixteenth base line to the fourteenth base line ; East outline of townships 51 and 52, range 27, west of the fifth meridian ; and traverse from the south-east corner of township 51, range 27, west of the fifth meridian, to the north-east corner of township 48, range 1, \\<-st of rlie sixth meridian. 26 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR iii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 1. Schedule of Surveyors employed, and work executed by them, from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908. — Continued. Surveyor. Address. Description of Work. Saint Cyr, J. B. Montreal, Que. Saunders, 15. J Edmonton, Alta . Selby, II. W. Toronto, Ont.. Smith, C. C. Brain pton, Ont. Stacey, A. G. . . Stewart, 1'. G. Ottawa, Ont. Britannia Bay, Ont. Teasdale, C. \l Thibaudeau, W . Tyrrell, .1. W... Concord, Ont. Ottawa, Ont... Hamilton, Ont. Waldron, J. . . .1. X. Moosejaw, Sask. Calgary, Alta. . Subdivision of township 78, range 3; part of township 80, range 4, and parts of townships 71 and 72, range 6 ; survey of east outlines of townships 77, 79 and 80, ranges 3 and 4 ; township 78, range 4 ; town- ship SO, range 5, and township 72, range 7, all west of the sixth meridian. Survey of Flying Shot Lake settlement, Spirit River settlement,and Peace Kiver settlement, situated respectively in town- ship 71, range 6, townships 78, ranges 5 and 6, west of the sixth meridian, and township 84, range 21, west of the fifth meridian. Survey of the meridian between ranges 8 and 9 across townships 19a, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 : the fourth base line across ranges 16 and 17, and part of 15; the sixth and seventh base lines across ranges 8 and 9, all east of the principal meridian. Subdivision of townships 74 and 75, ranges 14 and 15, and parts of townships 77, ranges 15 and 16. Sur- vey of the east outlines of townships 73, ranges 14 and 15, all west of the fifth meridian. Subdivision survey in township 10 range 29 west of the ' fourth meridian ; also part survey of townships 10 and 11 ranges 2 and 3, and subdivision in town- ships 7 and S ranges 5 and 6 west of the fifth meri- dian ; survey of the townsite of Grassy Lake in township 10 range 13, west of the fourth meridian. Miscellaneous surveys in townships 20 ranges 18 and 19, townships 19, 20 and 21 range 20, townships 19 and 21 range 21, townships 16, 19 and 20 range 22, townships 15, 16, 20 and 21 range 23, township 20 range 24, townships 17, 22 and 23 range 25 and townships 20, 21 and 22 range 26, all west of the sixth meridian ; traverse in townships 2C ranges 18 and 19, township 21 range 20, townships 19 and 21 range 21, township 20 range 22, townships 15, 20 and 21 range 23 and townships 22 and 23 range 25, all west of the sixth meridian. Exploration survey of townships 52 ranges 7 to 16 in- clusive, townships 53 ranges 13 to 16, townships 54 ranges 11 to 15, townships 55 ranges 11 to 14, and townships 56 ranges 11 to 13, all west of the fifth meridian. Contract No. 41 of 1907 ; partial subdivision of town- ship 10 range 4, and subdivision of township 11 range 4, and townships 10 and 11 range 5, all west of the third meridian. Contract No. 26 of 1907 ; subdivision of townships 25 and 26 ranges 8 and 9, all west of the principal meridian. Preliminary investigation of the waterpowers on the Winnipeg river, between lake Winnipeg and the eastern boundary of Manitoba. Contract No. 14 of 1907 : subdivision of township 24 range 1, townships 24 and 25 ranges 2 and 3, and township 25 range 4 : survey of the east outline of township 25 range Land resurvey of the north outline of township 24 range 4, all east of the prin- cipal meridian ; subdivision of townships 24 ranges 1, '_', :i and 5, all west of the principal meridian. Contract NTi >. 25 ■ if 1007 ; subdivision of townships 8 ranges 10, 17, IS, 19 and 20, also part of township S range 21, west of the third meridian. Survey of the boundary between British Columbia and the Yukon Territory between Stations 'M' and ' N ' across the Dal ton trail. Iii REPORT OF TEE SURVEYOR GEXERAL 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 APPENDIX No. 1. Schedule of Dominion Land Surveyors employed, and work executed by them, from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 190S.— Continued. Surveyor. Description of Work. Warren. .Tas Watt. G. H. Wheeler, A. O. Walkerton, Out Contract No. 15 of 1907 ; subdivision of township 51 range 3, townships 50 and 51 range 4, township 48 range 6 and townships 48 and 49 range 7, and the east outline of township 49 range 8, all west of the third meridian. Ottawa, Out. . . . Contract No. 12 of 1907 ; completion of subdivision of township 16 range 12, townships 13 and 14 range 13 ; subdivision of townships 15, 16 and 17 range 13, townships 13 and 14 range 14 ; survey of the south outline of township 15 range 14, all east of the principal meridian. Calgary, Alta Topographer of the Department of the Interior. Photo- topographical survey of the railway belt west of Golden, British Columbia, in the Dogtooth and Selkirk mountains. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR iil 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX XO. -2. Schedule showing for each Surveyor employed from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 190S, the number of miles surveyed of township section lines, township outlines, traver- ses of lakes and rivers, and resurvey, also the cost of the same. Surveyor. Miles of section line. Miles Miles of of outline, traverse Miles of resurvey Total mileage. Total cost. Cost l>er mile. Day or contract. Avlsworth, C. F Baker, J. C Beatty, David Belanger, P. R. A... Bolton, Lewis Bourgeault, C. K. Bray, Edgar Cautley, R. H. I 'autlev. K. \V < 'hiker. C. A < Ihristie, W Cdte, J. L Davies, T. A Deans, W. J Dumais. P.T.C Edwards, George Fairchild, C. C Fawcett, A Fontaine, L. E Green, W. T i trover, G. A . . Hawkins, A. H Holcroft. H. S Hopkins. M. \V Hubbell, E. W Johnston, A. \V lvimpe, M Kirk. J. A Knight, R. H *Lonergau, G. J Magratli. C. A ■Mil.*. C F Molloy, John.. . - Montgomery, R. H ... MacLennan. A. L McFarlane W. r, Mc' Irandle, H McMillan, Geo O'llara, \V. I' Ord, L. B Parsons. J. L. R . Pearce, W Ponton, A. \V Keilly, W. K Rosa, Geo Ross, J. E ( ;. p Saint Cyr, A Saint Cyr.J.B Saunders, B. .1 Selby, II. W Smith, C.C Stacey, A. G Teasdale, C. w Tyrrell, J. W Waldron, -I Wallace, J.N w arren, Jas . . . Watt,G. H. 556 43 Ins 120 660 261 344 117 390 2 1141 749 196 17 79 301 244 741 6 370 17 284 i:;s hi 618 521 359 562 187 59 193 1821 GO 303 120 30 176 83 83 339 C40 278 257 586 107 45 217 00 1400 20'23 91 69 17 00 96 61 95 CO 44 64 363 00 2 00 10000 24 92 49 76 271 00 1 11 13896 93 53 48 34 5513 . 25 51 Yoo 4781 12000 1210 100-61 7188 54 64 26 17 96 55 29-57 510 40 . 42 86 53 60 625 00 27850 9179 '.i mi 20 60 114 84 29 92 99 84 260 10 1 4:. 102-80 55 66 400 15 92 815 249 50 2980 ■50 54 77 122 62 1203 25 00 36 21 20 HO 30-20 6613 36 15 38 05 17 23 67 56 86 44 275 48 00 90-77 1600 2417 6n .Mi 69 00 42 50 28 no 10725 "34 78 63-50 232 50 24 50 43 84 247 00 10 00 17 80 29 05 30-20 r. ... 31 15 8120 77 ::" 1800 11426 9 00 3014 3600 9382 34-53 8-76 17 13 96-94 147 60 15.30 44 7<> 9 21 T.tal 1370965 167437 319297 2917 64 21494 63 583,45104 217-00 759 38 407 64 102 00 i 21-92 442 76 142 2n 799 90 :r>5 45 484 06 134 00 542 5:: 627 00 35038, 146 43 667 92 S46 33 25160 527 40 13711 463 10 12000, 356 91 1102-53 250 95 15950 540 56 2390 360 35 71-66 13800 25310 672 94 680 66 409 71 605 12 29142 110-94 61-75 22342 199486 4384 5100 29183 9077! 173 00' 404-54 7S-50; 303 26 7300 21800 115-64 174 00 450 92 704 28 31747 26 34 360 93 764 93 $ cts. 7,684 31 21,725 50 1,078 us 8,477 68 1,898 59 8,299 00 4,360 71 6,604 49 7.814 58 14,102 17 10,578 94 15.99* 60 9,554 30 5,627 53 3,028 77 5,471 81 7,959 81 5,700 62 7,690 89 6.719 35 12,454 53 16,750 00 7,854 ss 27,197 83 10,178 80 10,855 73 16,115 31 974 40 L0.520 16 7.2SO 38 992 28 I 9,3S8 19 20,664 31 20,497 64 10,831 61 18,048 36 7,581 61 10,935 56 7.071 98 6,104 47 ..-..424 52 221 25 7,920 00 4,303 89 13,275 34 8,224 52 9,893 90 17,100 00 10,876 21 10,100 00 8,254 24 5,573 63 7,729 84 6,766 40 19,915 81 2,602 24 9,818 68 9,265 29 2ii. Iso 62 Contract. Day. S cts. i 35 41 Day. 28 84 Contract 10 00 Day. 76 19 ., 18 52 .. 30 66 Contract. 8 26 21 98 29 13 78 95 Day. 29 49 Contract. 15 21 Day. 16 mi; 20 681 s 19 9 40 22 65 14 58 : I1 1 on 26 89 Contract. 139 68 Da v. 22 00 Contract. 24 66 Day. 68 05 m 29 86 Contract. I" 77 Day. 29 19 Contract. Dav. 7 19Contract. . . Dav. 30 70 Contract. 30 11 [ 26 43i 29 82 26 01 Day. 114 52 27 32 Contract. 7 7:; 5 05 155 29 Day. 14 74 „ 146 25 17 54 24 45 Contract. 217 S3 Day. 35 s3 „ 138 36 .. 38 75 .. 48 19 ■• 44 42 . 15 On Contract. 28 21 8 19 372 76 Day. 25 67 Contract. 26 7S Inspecting contract surveys a portion of the season. iii REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR GENERAL SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 APPENDIX No. 3. List of lots in the Yukon Territory surveys of which have been received from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908. GROUP No. 1. o" o Area in Acres. .Surveyor. Year of Survey. 1907.. Date of A pproval. Claimant. Remarks. ■40 100 C. S. W. Barwel) Oct. 11, WO" D. A. McRea et al GROUP No. 2. 345 40 00 346 1 L'!l 352 91 14 353 94 25 354 114 74 355 87 i«i 356 99 7:> 359 51 6 360 38 9 361 37 1 362 47 4 367 29 9 368 51 6 369 51 6 370 51 6 371 51 6 372 51 6 373 51 6 374 51 6 383 11 47 384 11 47 385 11 17 386 11-47 388 T. D. Green.. C. W.' MacPher' son C. S. W. Barwell 47 iC. W. MacPher C. a W. Barwell 1907. 1907 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 11KI7 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907 1907. 1904. May Oct. 29, 1907 . 29, 1907. 11,1907. 11, 1907 . 11, 1907. 11, 1907. 11, 1907. 7, 1907. 7, 1907. 7, 1907. 7, 1907 7, 1907. 7, 1907 7, 1907. 7, 1907. 7, 1907. 7, 1907. 7, 1907. 7, 1907. 30, 1907. 30, 1907. 30, 1907. 30, 1907. Chris. H. Authier. H. H. Norwood Co. Wm Elliott et al. O. R. Brenner. J White channel Gold t Hill Hyde. Co. Ltd. Surface. Mineral claim. Surface. GROUP No. 5. 66 32 36 H. G. Dickson. . 1905.. •June 22, 1907.. .1. P. Whitney ct al Minera ciaiir . 67 26 93 1905.. i, 22, 1907.. „ , 68 51 39 1905.. „ 22, 1907.. , , 69 50 10 1905.. i, 22, 1907.. , , 71 42 88 1907.. Oct. 21, 1907.. , , 72 40 34 1907.. II 21, 1907.. , , 73 48 17 1907.. 11 21, 1907.. , , 74 31 73 1907 . . 11 21, 1907.. , , 75 42 35 1907.. „ 21, 1907.. , , 76 24 60 1907.. ,, 21, 1907.. , , u 25 46 1907.. II 21, 1907.. , , 78 49 95 1907.. June 22, 1907.. Bryson N. White , 79 40 08 1906.. i, 22, 1907.. ,, , 80 50 82 . 1906. ,, 22, 1907 . „ , 81 17 82 1 1906.. ,, 22, 1907.. „ , 82 51 65 1906.. ,, 22, 1907.. ,, , S3 51 65 1906.. ,, 22, 1907.. ,, , 84 49 06 1906.. * C. H. Johnston ct al , 85 44 80 1907.. # M , 86 49 16 1907.. * „ , 87 49 15 1907.. * 1 Not yet approved. 30 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR iii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909, APPENDIX No. 3. List of Lots in the Yukon Territory surveys of which have been received from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908.— Concluded. 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 142 Area in Acres. 51 02 51 62 18 45 51 51 51 51 49 2' 122 145 144 159 158 32 24 44 46 11 51 28 33 •03 72 ■ i;:, ■65 65 54 ■84 17 42 01 35 03 •35 si I ■63 ■05 62 78 ■65 ■55 61 Surveyor. N. A. Bui-wash Year of Survey. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907 . 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 19(17 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907 . 1907. 1907. 1908. Date of Approval. Jan. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. 23, 1908. . 23, 1908.. 23, 1908.. 23, 1908. . 23, 1903. 23, 1908. 23, 1908. 26, 190S. 26, 1908. 23, 1908. 22. 1908. 22, 1908 22, 1908 23, 1908. 22,1908. J. 'Williams & A. La Rose. Claimant, A. C. Robertson elal. J. P. Whitney W. S. Thomas J. Williams & A. La Rose . W. S. Thomas.. . Clara L. Walters B. J. MeGee.. .. W. J. Elmendorf. C. P. Sea'ie Florence Young. A. B. Palmer. . . . Remarks. Mineral Claim. GROUP No. 6. 23 80 5165 36 ■:.:, H. G. Dickson . 1907. 1907 . R. H. Chadwick. Mineral claim. GROUP No. 10. 22 23 24 25 26 10 00 C. S. W. Barwell 1907.. 160-00 ,, 1907.. 160 00 ,, 1907 . . 40 00 „ 1907. 120-00 " 1907.. ! Sept. 13, 1967. . S. Rowlinson... 13, 1907.. I C. E. Miller ei al 13, 1907 13, 1907.. .Geo. Delion lOct. 11, 1907. . A. B. Palmer. . . . 1 . Surface. * Not yet approved. iii REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR GENERAL SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 31 APPENDIX No. 4. List of Miscellaneous surveys in the Yukon Territory, returns of which have been received from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908. Year Surveyor. 1907 T. D. Green... 1907 H. G. Dickson . Description of Survey. Base Line on Dago Gulch, a tributary of Hunker creek. M Bui wash creek, a tributary of Kluane river. 32 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR HI 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909' APPENDIX No. 5. Statement of work executed in the office of the chief draughtsman. Letters of instruction to surveyors 177 Progress sketches received and filed 1,002 Declarations of settlers received and filed 473 Plans received from surveyors 334 Field books received from surveyors 577 Timber reports received 56 Preliminary township plans prepared 300 Sketches made 1,352 Maps made 22 Tracings and miscellaneous plans made 154 Plans of Yukon lots received 76 Plans of miscellaneous Yukon surveys received Tracings of Yukon survey plans made 87 Yukon lots reduced to 40 chains to 1 inch and plotted on group plans 96 Yukon traverses reduced to 40 chains to 1 inch and plotted on group plans 2 Returns of surveys examined — Township subdivision 362 Township outline 157 Road plans '. 233 Railway plans 112 Mineral claims 32 Timber berths 60 Correction and other miscellaneous surveys 55 Township plans compiled 604 Proofs of plans examined 539 Township plans printed 518 Townsites and settlements printed 5 Descriptions written 7 Pages of field notes copied 244 Traverse reductions made 28 Applications for various information dealt with 1,869 Fyles received and returned 1,980 Letters drafted 4,993 Books received from record office and used in connection with office work 4,870 Books returned to record office f>,2.">4 Plans other than township plans received from record office and used in connection with office work 552 Plans returned to record office 572 Volumes of plans received from record office and used in con- nection with office work 78 Volumes of plans returned to record office 74 Books sent to record office to be placed on record 494 Plans other than township plans sent to record office to be placed on record 476 ili REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR GENERAL 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 APPENDIX No. 5— Continued. 71 Sectional maps (3 miles to 1 inch) — Revised Reprinted 28 New sheets compiled 6 New sheets print cd 4 New drawings of old worn out sheets 2 New tracings of old worn out sheets 7 Sectional maps (6 miles to 1 inch) — Reprinted 21 New sheets printed ;> Proofs of sectional sheets examined 110 25- 34 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ill 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 6. List of new editions of sectional maps issued from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908. Scale 3 miles to an inch. No. Name. 10 Port Moodv 11 Yale .'. 15 Letlibridge . . 16 Milk River.. Cypress. Willowbunch.. Lytton Medicine Hat . No. Name. 67 Maple Creek... 68 Swift Current. . Ill Kamloops 164Morley 165 Rosebud 168 The Elbow 171 Duck Mountain 172 Kairford No. Name. No, Name. 215|RedDeer. .. . 216 Sullivan Lake. *263 Jasper 264 Brazeau 269 Peace Hills.... 266;Ribstone Creek 267|Battleford 268 Carlton 269 Pr. Albert S. *313| Brule. 314 St. Ann. 319iPr. Albert N. *320 Carrot River. 365 Victoria. 366 Saddle Lake. '416 La Biche, SCALE 6 MILES TO AN INCH. Port Moody. Yale Lethbridge.. . Milk River.. . Cypress... . Willowbunch Lytton 66 Medicine Hat 67 Maple Creek 68 Swift Current 69 Moosejaw 71'Brandon 72 Portage La Prairie. llrKamloops 165! Rosebud 171 1 Duck Mountain. 172Fairford *263 Jasper 268 Carlton 269 Prince Albert S *313 Brule 314 St. Ann. 317 1 Fort Pitt. 318jShell River. 319JPr. Albert N. *320j Carrot River. 365 Victoria. ' First edition. iu REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR GEXERAL 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 APPENDIX No. 7 Statement of work executed in the Survey Eecords Office from April 1, 1907 to March 31, 1908. Files received and dealt with 10,460 Letters drafted 4,405 Wans, tracings, &c., copied or compiled 369 {statutory declarations copied or mailed 506 Plans sent to agents, registrars, &c 28,54? • Pages of field notes copied ■ • 2,34^ Prints of plans received and stored 110,785 Original plans received and recorded 1,068 Original field notes received and recorded 433 Letters written to agents 1,300 Registered parcels mailed. . I 1,741 Work done for Topographical Surveys Brunch. Books searched for S.Oli- Books sent 5,390 Books returned 6,250 Plans searched for : 2,223 Plans sent 1,820 Plans returned 532 Volumes searched for 134 Volumes sent 77 Volumes returned Work done for Patents Branch. flans searched for. 812 Plans sent 668 Plans returned 757 Field books searched for 61 Field books sent 57 Field books returned 63 Work done for other Branches. Plans searched for > 1,453 Plans sent 1,427 Plans returned . . . .• 924 Field notes searched for 266 Field notes sent 240 Field notes returned 244 ■15— Hi— 3J 36 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR iii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 8. Statement of work executed in the Photographic Office from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908. FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. _ 31x3} 4 x5 5x7 8x10 10x12 11x14 16 xl8]13x20 24 \ 30 30 . :;., 36x42 42x 4S Total Vandyke prints Silver prints.. . , Lantern trans- Dry plate neg- 86 133 583 234 435 2,673 732 38 2 2 27 4 758 17 38 39 82 51 3G 49 34 7 18 15 8 12 1,607 196 3,258 86 966 Wet plate neg- 89 91 5 703 185 ' 814 1,068 819 Total.. .. 86 950 3,840 131 31 871 780 1,132 85 41 33 20 8,000 FOR THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. - Six 3} 4x5 5x7 1 8 x 10 10 x 12 11x14 16x18 18x20 24x30 30x36 36x42 42x48 Total. 4 33 37 52 52 Total ... 52 4 33 89 iii REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR GENERAL SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 37 APPENDIX No. 9. Statement of work executed in the Lithographic Office from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908. January.. February . March Month. April May •Tune July August .... September. October . . . November . December. Total . 1907. 1908. Maps. No. of Jobs. 6 9 4 19 2 6 14 10 L0 1 89 No. of Copies. 12,400 8,500 925 40,650 650 2,050 2,175 3,025 7,550 3,000 350 81,275 Townships. No. of Jobs. 50 40 39 32 58 23 63 42 4:. 50 53 7S 573 No. of C'upirs. 10,000 8,000 7,800 6,400 11,600 4,600 12,600 8,400 9,000 10,000 10,600 15,600 114,600 Forms. No. of Jobs. 4 3 12 6 3 10 It 12 83 No. of Copies. 3,450 9,000 2,025 12,550 1,600 350 9,490 2,825 600 3,525 6,750 6.890 59,055 Summary of work for the year. Maps Townships Forms, &c Total No. of 0 obs. 89 573 750 No. of Copies. 81,275 114,000 59,055 254,930 No. of Impressions. Cost. $ eta. 185,035 2,363 63 250,820 ! 4,361 57 63,555 ( 1,270 80 499,410 7,996 00 Cost per map or form. $ cts. 26 55 7 60 14 45 38 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HI 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 10. Names aad duties of employees of the Topographical Surveys Branch at Ottawa. (Metcalfe street, corner of Slater street). De\rille, E., D.T.S., LL.D., Surveyor General. CORRESPONDENCE AND ACCOUNTS. Brady, M., secretary. Hunter, R. H., accountant. Wilkinson, Percy, assistant accountant. Percival, Miss M. F., stenographer and typewriter. Cullen, M. J., stenographer and typewriter. Moran, J. F., stenographer and typewriter. Lynch, F., stenographer and typewriter. Williams, E. R., clerk. Pegg, A., messenger. Paquette, Albert, messenger. ' OFFICE OF CIlffiF DRAUGHTSMAN. Symes, P. B., chief draughtsman. Shank3, T., B.A.Sc, D.L.S., assistant to chief draughtsman. First DiiKi$ion — Instructions and General Information. Brown, T. E., B.A., in charge of division. Weekes, M. B., B.A.Sc, D.L.S., O.L.S. TJmbach, J. E., Grad. S.P.S., D.L.S. Barber, H. G., Grad. S.P.S., D.L.S. Green, W. T., B.A., D.L.S. Rice, F. W., Grad. School of Mining. McRae, A. D., B.A, B.Sc. Carroll, M. J., Grad. S.P.S. Stewart, A. G., Grad. School of Mining. Grant, A. W., B.A Belleau, J. A., D.L - Dodge, G. B. Sylvaili, J. Oram, A. Rochon, E. C. Burkholder, E. L. McLaughlin, M. J. Gaudry, G. A. Grey, G. A. Second Division — Examination of Surveyors' Returns. Nash, T. S., Grad. S.P.S., D.L.S., in charge of division, i Henderson, F. D., Grad. S.P.S., D.L.S. Burgess, E L., Grad. S.P.S., D.L.S., O.L.S. iii REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR GENERAL 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Dennis, E. M., B.Sc. Akins, J. R., B.Sc. Gumming, A. L., B.Sc. Elder, A. J., Grad. S.P.S., D.L.S. Hill, S. N., Grad. S.P.S. Elwell, W., Grad. S.P.S. Alaynard, F.H., Grad. R.M.C. Day, H. S., B.Sc. Sutherland, H. E., B.Sc. Morrier, J. E., D.L.S. Davies, T. A., D.L.S. Kitto, F. TL, D.L.S. McClennan, W. D. Roger. A. Clunn, T. H. G. Robertson, D. F. Spreckley, R. O. Goodday, Leonard Williamson, F. H. H. Webb, G. C. Wilding, C. H. Bray, R. P. Harrison, E. W. Ault, H. W. Macdonald, J. A. Third Division — Drawing Plans for Printing. Engler, Carl, B.A., D.L.S'., in charge of division. May, J. E. O'Connell, J. R. Moule, W. J. Villeneuve, E. J. Helmer, J. D. Archambault, E. Tremblay, A. Hutton, J. B. Brown. A. Binks, C. B. Dawson, R. J. Holbrook, C. H. Watters, James. Fourth Division — British Columbia Surveys. Rowan-Legg, E. L., in charge of division. Carson, P. A., B.A., D.L.S. Macllquham, W. L., B.Sc. Gillmore, E. T. B., Grad. R.M.C. Lawe, H., D.L.S. Morley, R. W. Weld, W. E. Wilson, E. D. 40 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Hi 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Fifth Division — Imperial building. Queen street — Mapping. Smith, Jacob, in charge of division. Begin, P. A. Lepage, J. B. Blanchet, A. E. Davies. T. E. S. Taggart, C. H. Pen-in, V. ( ienest, P. F. X. Bergin, W. Davy, Eugene. OFFICE OF THE GEOGRAPHER. (Woods building, Slater street.) White, J., geographer. Baine, H. E. Chalifour, J. E. Dumouchel, G. E Tache, H. Darrach, M. Wilson, H. W. Akerlindh, A. Anderson, W. Blatehley, II. M. Bennie, J. Wood. C. G. t iraig, R. W. Chandler, S. Groulx, A. Gagnon, A. S. Inkster, F. B. Blue, W. Beveridge, James. MacElligot, J. P. Martin, Miss M. Perley. Pigeon, Jules. Waine, Mrs. D. E. Merrifield, J. R. SURVEY RE( ORDS OFFICE. (Canadian building, Slater street.) Steers, C. J., clerk in charge. Carrie, P. W., B.A., B.Sc, D.L.S., assistant clerk in chary.'. Surtees, W. S., draughtsman. Sowter, T. W. E., draughtsman. Smith, F. W., draughtsman. Routh, C. F., draughtsman. Ashton, A. W., draughtsman. Lecourt, Eugene, draughtsman. Moore, R. T., draughtsman. Lambart. O. II., draughtsman and typewriter. Belleau, Eugene, draughtsman. REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR GEXERAL 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Yeilding, Miss A., typewriter. Mudie, J. M., draughtsman. Gillis, W. C, draughtsman. Landry, Narcisse, messenger. I.ITUOCRiPniC OFFICE. (Metcalfe street, corner of Slater street.) Moody, A., foreman. Thicke, C, engraver and lithographer. Thicke, H., power press printer. Bergin, J., power press printer. Deslauriers, J. H., transferrer. Boyle, S., stone polisher. Gagnon, J., press feeder. PHOTOGRAPHIC OFFICE. (Woods Building, Slater street.) Topley, H. N., photographer in charge. Carruthers, H. K., photo-lithographer and photo-engraver. Woodruff, J., photographer. Whitcomb, H. E., photographer. Morgan, W. E., photographer. Kilmartin, A., photogTapher. Devlin, A., photographer. Ouimet, Geo., photographer. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD. (Wood- building, Slater street.) Whitcher, A. H.. D.L.S.. secretary. 42 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 111 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909; APPENDIX No. 11. List of Dominion Land Surveyors who have been supplied with Standard Measures. Name. Austin, G. F Aylen, J Aylsworth, C. F... Baker, J. C Barwell, C. S. W. . Bayne, G. A Beatty, D Beatty, W Belanger, P. R. A. . Belleau, J. A. Bigger, C. A Bolton, L Boswell, E. J.... Bourgault, A Bourgeault, C. E. Bourget, C. A Bowman, H. J.. . Brabazon, A. J.. . Brady, J Bray, S Bray, E Bray, L. T Bridgland, M. P. Brownlee, J. H. . Burke, W Burnet, H Burwash, N. A. Burwell, H. M.. Carbert, J. A . . . Carpenter, H. S. Carroll, C. .. Carson, V. A. Cautley, R. H Cautley, R. W Cavana, A. G Charlesworth, L. C. Chilver, C. A Christie, W Coates, P. C Cleveland, E. A Cote, J. A C6te, J. L Cotton, A. F Craig, J. D Cummings, J. (J... . Dalton, J. .T Davies, T. A. Deans. W. .1 Dennis, .1. S. Address. Date of Appointment. Dewdney, Alta Vnril Aylmer,' Que May, Madoc, Ont Vermilion, Alta Dawson, Yukon Territory Aug. Winnipeg, Man April Parry Sound, Ont Delta, Ont Ottawa, Ont May Listowell, Ont Winnipeg, Man St. Jean Port Joli, Que. Levis, Que Berlin. Ont Ottawa, Ont Golden, B.C Ottawa, Ont Oakville, Ont Amherstburg, Ont. Calgary, Alta Victoria, B.C.... Minnedosa, Manitoba . . Victoria, B.C Whitehorse, Yukon Territory . Vancouver, B.C Medicine Hat, Alta Regina, Sask Prince Albert, Sask. Ottawa, Ont Edmonton, Alta. Orillia, Ont Edmonton, Alta Walkerville, Ont Chesley, Ont Golden, B.C Vancouver, B.C Quebec, Que Edmonton, Alta New Westminster, B.C. Ottawa, Ont Calgary, Alta Weston, Ont Ottawa, Ont . . Brandon, Man. Calgary, Alta. . 187a 1885 lsst; 1906 1894 1872 1872 1872 1880 Remarks. 15, 1883 Mar. April Feb. Mar. Feb. May Feb. May April Nov. April Feb. Alar. Apr. June Mar. Feb. May Feb. April Feb. May Sept. Nov. Feb. Mar. Apr. June May Mar. May Feb. April Feb. May Nov. 30, 11, 18, 29, 21. 14, 16, 1'-', H, 14, 14, 18, 10, 15, 14, 22, 6, 1", 12, 21', 11, 22, L6, 27, 22, 22, 19, 27, It. 21, 11. 24, 17, 17, 22. 13, 19, 1SS2 1872 1903 1883 1888 1884 1888 1882 IS 1883 1872 1903 1905 1887 1872 1885 1907 1887 1880 1901 1872 1906 1905 1896 1876 1903 1907 1906 1907 1899 1884 1890 1880 1902 1904 1879 1906 1886 1877 Inspector of Surveys, Topograp- hical Surveys Branch, Dept. of Interior. Topographical Surveys Branch, Dept. of Interior. Astronomer, Dept. of Interior. Dept. of Indian Affairs. Topog. Surveys Branch, Dept. of Interior. Dept. of Public Works for Saskatchewan. Topog. Surveys Branch, Dept. of Interior. Dept. of Public Works, Alberta. Boundary Surveys. Dept of Int. Dominion Topographical Sur- veyor. Dominion Topographical Sur- veyor, Inspector of Irrigation and British Columbia Land Commissioner, C.P.R. iii REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR GENERAL 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 APPENDIX No. 11. List of Dominion Land Surveyors who have been supplied with Standard Measures. — Continued. Name. Denny, H. C. .. Dickson, H. G... Dickson, J Dobie, J. S Doupe, J Doupe, J. L — Drewry, W. S . . . Driscoll, A Drummond, T . . Ducker, W. A.. Dumais, P. T. C Edwards, Geo. . Ellacott, C. H . . Empey, J. M Fairchild, C. C. Farncomb, A. E Fawcett, T Fawcett, A Fontaine, L. E . . Foster, F. L Francis, J Garden, J. F Garden, G. H... Garden, C Garner, A. C . . . Gauvreau, L. P. Gibbon, J Gordon, M. L. . . Gordon, R. J Gore, T. S Green, T. D Green, W. T.... Grover, G. A Harris, J. W.... Harvey, C Hawkins, A. H. Heathcott, R. V. Henderson, W . . Holcroft, H. S.. Hopkins, M. W. Hubbell, E. W.. Irwin, J. M .James, S Jephson, R. J . . Johnson, A. W.. King, W. F.... Kimpe, M Kirk, J. A Klotz.O. J Knight, R. H... Latimer, F. H . . Laurie, R. C La we, H . Lemoine, C. E . . Lendrum, R. W Address. Whitehorse, Yukon Territory. Fenelon Falls, Ont Regina, Sask Winnipeg, Man New Denver, B.C. Edmonton, Alta. . Montreal, Que Date of Appointment. April May April Mar. April Oct. Nov. Feb. June Mar. Winnipeg, Man Hull, Que Ponoka, Alta Regina, Sask Calgary, Alta Brantford, Ont Red Deer, Alta Niagara Falls, Ont Gravenhurst, Ont Levis, Que Toronto, Ont Poplar Point, Man Vancouver, B. C Lethbridge, Alta Winnipeg, Man South Qu'Appelle, Sask. . . Riviere du Loup, Que Dawson, Yukon Territory. Vancouver, B.C Stirling, Alta Victoria, B. C Dawson, Yukon Territory. Ottawa, Ont jFeb. Norwood, Ont ^"e^-. Winnipeg, Man April Indian Head, Sask Feb. Listowel, Ont (Mar. Edmonton, Alta |May Chilliwack, B.C Nov. Toronto, Ont [Feb. Edmonton, Alta n Ottawa, Ont May April Feb. Mar. Nov. Feb. Aug. April June May April n May April Feb. ti Mar. April May Kenora, Ont. . . . Toronto, Ont Winnipeg, Man. Kam loops, B.C. Ottawa, Ont. . . . Edmonton, Alta. Revelstoke, B.C. . Ottawa, Ont April April May Mar. Nov. May May Nov. Edmonton, Alta Feb. Detroit, Mich. Battleford, Sask . Ottawa, Ont .... Quebec, Que Strathcona, Alta. April Mar. May 1, 19, 14, 22, 14, 6, 14, 23, 24, 30, 29, 14. 22, 23, 20, 12, 18, 22, 13, 14. 17, 13, 14, 14, •-'7. 14, 12, is, 12, 19, 19, 22, 18, 14, 17, 6, 13, 17, 18, 20, 19, Remarks. 1882 1889 1872 1906 1872 1888 1883 1887 1878 1883 1882 1872 1899 1905 1901 1902 1876 1893 1892 1872 1875 1880 1872 1872 1907 1872 1891 1907 1902 1879 1884 1907 1904 1872 1904 1906 1907 1883 1903 1901 1884 1872 1872 1880 1902 1879 1907 1880 1877 1904 1885 1883 1872 1882 1880 Dept. of Public Works for Sas- katchewan. Asst. Land Commissioner, C. P.R. Dominion Topographical Sur- veyor. Swamp Land Commissioner. City Surveyor, Winnipeg. Topographical Surveys Branch Dept. of Interior, President of D.L.S. Association. Dominion Topographical Sur- veyor, Chief Astronomer, Dept. of Interior. Dominion Topographical Sur- veyor, Astronomer, Dept. of the Interior. 44 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR iii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909; APPENDIX Xo. 11. List of Dominion Land Surveyors who have been supplied with Standard Measures. — Continued. Name. Address. Lonergan, G. J. Buckingham, Que Lumsden, H. D Ottawa, Ont MacPherson, C. W Daw son, Yukon Territory Magrath, C. A Lothbridge, Alta Malcolm, L. Meadows, W. W. Miles, C. F Date of Appointment. Feb. 28, 1901 April Mar. Nov. Remarks. Inspector of Surveys, Topograp- hical Surveys Branch, Dept. Blenheim, Ont April Maple Creek, Sask Feb. Toronto, Ont April 14. 16, Moberly, H. K Innisfail, Alta Feb. Molloy," J Winnipeg, Man April Montgomery, R. H Prince Albert, Sask Feb. Moore, H. H Calgary, Alta Feb. McArthur, J. J Ottawa, Ont McColl, G. B Winnipeg, Man Mar. McFadden, M Neepawa, Man Feb. McFarlane, W. G iToronto, Ont May McFee, A Innisfail, Alta Feb. McGrandle, H Wetaskiwin, Alta May McKenna, J. J Dublin, Ont \pril McKenzie, J New Westminster. B.C. . Nov. McLean, J. K Ottawa, Ont April MacLennan, A. L Toronto, Ont Feb. McMillan. G Ottawa, Ont .• McPherson, A. J Dawson, Yukon Ten it' irv i McPhillips, G Windsor, Ont June McVittie, A. W Blairmore, Alta Mar. Nash, T. S Ottawa, Ont Feb. Ogilvie, W Ottawa, Ont April O Hara, W. F Ottawa, Ont Feb. Ord, L. R . . . Winnipeg, Man April . . Regina, Sask Feb. . Calgary, Alta Nov. Parsons. J. L. R Patrick, A. P.... Pearce, W . . . . Phillips, E. IP Ponton, A. W . . . Proudfoot, H. P.. Rainlioth, E. J.. Rainboth, G. C. Reid, J. L. Reilly, W. R Richard, .1. F.. . Rinfret, E Ritchie, J. F Rol>ertson, EL H . Roberts, S. A Roberts, V. M Robinson, F. J . . . Rombough, M. P... Calgary, Alta May Saskatoon, Sask Feb. Macleod, Alta May Saskatoon, Sask Mar. Ottawa, Ont May Aylmer, Que. . April of Interior. 14, 1872 Chief Engineer Trans. Rv. 1900 Director of Surveys, Y.T. 1881jDominion Topographical Sur veyor, Land Commissioner. Alberta Railway and Coal Co. 1872 1905 District Surveyor and Town : Engineer. 1872 Inspector of Surveys, To|»>- graphical Surveys Branch. Dept. of Interior. DM)." 1872 1905 1904 1879 1907 1872 1905 1879 1883 1872 1888 Dominion Lands Agent, New Westminster. 1882 Dept. of Indian Affairs. 1905 1906 Inspector of Surveys. Topo- graphical Surveys Branch, Dept. of Interior. 1901 1875 1882 1904 Topographical Surveys Branch. Dept. of Interior, secretary- treasurer of theD.L.S. Assn. 1872 1895 1882 1905 1877 Dominion Topographical Sur- veyor. 1880 1902 Dept. nf Public Works for Sas katchewan. 1881 1882 Ottawa. Ont Regina, Sask Nov. Ste Anne de la Poca tit-re, Que. . May Montreal, Que Feb. Nelson, E.C Jan. Montoiagny, Que ' April Victoria, B.C May Sturgeon Falls, Ont ■■ Regina, Sask Feb. 11. 19, 1, 23, 19, 10, 24, 18, 28, 19, 11. II. 17, 13, 20. 7, 14. 16, 17. 22, 1881 1S72 1872 1881 18ts2 1900 1889 1872 1885 1881'. Boundary Surveys, Dept. Interior. Dept. of Indian Affairs. Morden, Man. 190G Dept. of Public Works for Sas- katchewan. Anril 14, 1872 REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR GENERAL 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 APPENDIX No. 11. List of Dominion Land Surveyors who have been supplied with Standard Measures. — Concluded. Name. Rorke, L. V . . . Ross, G Ross, J. E Rov, G. P Saint Cyr, J. B. Saint Cyr, A Saunders, B. J. . Seager, E Selby, H. W . . . Seymour, H. L . Sewell, H. deQ. Shaw, C. A. E. . Shepley, J. D. . . Smith, C. C Speight, Thos... Stacey, A. G Starkey, S. M. . Stewart, G. A . . Stewart, L. B . . Stewart, E Stewart, W. M.. . Talbot, A. C . Taylor, A Teasdale, C. M. . . Thompson, W.T. Tracy, T. H.... Tremblay, A. J Towle, C. E . . . Turnbull, T Tyrrell, J. W. . . Vaughan, J. W Vicars, J Waddell, W. H. . Waldron, J. ... Walker, E. W. Wallace, J. N... Warren, J Watt, G. H Weekes, A. S .. Weekes, M. B . . Wheeler, A. O.. Toronto, Ont Welland, Ont Kamloops. B.C Quebec, Que Ste. Anne de la Perade, Que. Ottawa, Ont Edmonton, Alta Kenora, Ont Toronto, Ont Edmonton, Alta Toronto, Ont Victoria, B.C Leamington, Ont Brampton, Ont Toronto, Ont Ottawa, Ont Starkey's P.O., N.S Calgary, Alta Toronto, Ont White-Fraser, G. W. R . Wiggins, T. H . Wilkins, F. W. Wilkinson, W. D . Woods, J. E Young, W. B Young, W. H. . Address. Ottawa, Ont Hamilton, Ont Calgary, Alta Winnipeg, Man - Concord, Ont Fort QuAppelle, Sask. Vancouver, B.C Les Eboulements, Que . . Magog, Que Winnipeg, Man Hamilton, Ont Vancouver, B.C Kamloops, B.C Hamilton, Ont Moosejaw, Sask Regina, Sask Calgary, Alta. . . Walkerton, Ont. Ottawa, Ont Clinton, Ont. Ottawa, Ont Calgary, Alta . . . Ottawa, Ont. Regina, Sask . . Norwood, Ont. Toronto, Ont . . Frank, Alta Winnipeg, Man . Lethbridge, Alta . Date of Appointment. Aug. Nov. Feb. Nov. Feb. Nov. April Nov. Feb. May Mar. Feb. Nov. Feb. April Nov. April •Tune May June Mar. Nov. April Feb. April Mar. Feb. June May Mar. April Mar. Feb. April Feb. Nov. Feb. May Feb. Nov. Mar. May 13, 21, 12, 17, 17, 17, 16, 14, 15, 22 ui In. 12, 22, it;. 22 14,' It. 22. 1 1, 26, 13, 9, 9, 19, 14, 18, 11, 29( 16, II. 17, 25, 2, 27, 20, 14, 21, 11, 18, 21, 1891 1882 1901 1881 1887 1887 lsxi 1872 1882 WOO 1886 1880 1906 1906 1882 1906 1872 1872 1882 1S72 1907 1880 1904 1906 1877 1S72 1890 1872 1882 1887 1878 1886 1907 190: 1907 1900 1872 1902 1892 1903 1882 Remarks . 21, 1888 18, 1*, 22, 14, 25, 16, 1886 1881 1<<93 1885 1905 1907 Dominion Topographical Sur- veyor, Professor of Surveying, School of Practical Science. Dominion Topographical Sur- veyor. City Engineer, Vancouver. Dept. of Public Works for Sas- katchewan. Topographer of the Depart- ment of the Interior. Dominion Topographical Sur veyor. Dominion Topographical Sur- veyor. 46 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ill 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 12. Examination Papers of the Board of Examiners for Dominion Land Surveyors. EXAMINATION FOR .ADMISSION AS ARTICLED PUPIL — FULL PRELIMINARY. XXXI. February 11 ho U, 1908. PENMANSHIP AND OETHOGEAPHT. Write out correctly the following: The proputty witch sault posesses of preszerving anninile substainses from pewtrifacshun is reezolved by Liebig into too more jennerel lause, the strong atracshun of sault for watter, and the nessessity of the presents of watter as a condishon of pewtrefashun. The intermeadiet fennomennon witch is interpellated betwean the remoat caws and the efekt can hear be not mearly infered but sean ; for it is a fammilyer fakt that flesh uppon witch sault has bin throne is speadely fownd swiming in bryne. Wun has, two a sertin exstent, a powwer to awlter his karaktar. Its being in the ultimmet ressort, fourmd for him, is not inkoncistent with its beeing, in part, fourmd by him as wun of the intermeadget ajence. His karektar is fourmd buy his serkumstanses (inklewding arming theas his partikuller orgenisashun), but his owen desyer to mold it in a partikkeller weigh, is one of thows sercumstanzes, and buy no menes the leest inflewenshel. We kannut, indede dirrektlie wil to bee diferant from wot wee arr. But neether did thows hoo arr supowsd to have fourmd ower karaktres, dyrrektlie wil that we shood bee wot wee arr. There wil hadd no dyrekt powwer exept ovar there owen axions. They maid us wot they did maike us, buy nott the end, butt the rekwisit menes; and we, wen ower habbits are not two invetteret, can, by simmillarly wiling the rekwisit menes, maike owerselfs diferant. If they cood plaice us under the inflewents of sertin serkumstanzes, we, in lyke manor, can plaice ower- selfs under the inflewents of other serkumstanzes. Wee arr exaktlie as kaipabel of maiking ower owen karrakter, if we wil, as othars arr of maiking it four uss. lil REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR GENERAL 47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 ARITHMETIC AND LOGARITHMS. Marks. (Time, S hours.) 1. Find the H.C.F. of 126025 and 40115; and of 12321 and 54345. 12 2. Find the Least Common Multiple of 50, 338, 675, 702 and 975. 12 3. How long would a column of men, extending 3420 feet in length, take to march through a street a mile long at the rate of 58 paces a minute, each pace heing 30 inches? 12 4. Find the squaj-e root of 3 to seven places of decimals; and the cube root of 27054-036008. 16 6. If log sin a = 9-2873493 log tan b = 1-7854321 n log cos c = 8-9583428 Find a, b, and c and the angle whose tangent is tan b cos c. If, further, log tan d = 1-7854321, find b + d. 16 6. Find from the Tables, log 23-487, log -023487, log sec 97° 23' 54" log sin 118° 23' 37"-3 16 7. Find by logarithms the value of (93-285)§ X (0-85)-* X (-0035)* -=- (107-34)| 16 ALGEBRA. (Time, S hours.) Marks. 1. Reduce to its lowest terms 2 a* + 3 arx— 9 arx2 6 a*x — 17 a3x- + 14 al-x- — Sax4 12 2. Find the least common multiple of 6 (a2 — b2) (a — b)\ 9 (a1 — b4) (a — b)2 and 12 (a2 — b2)3. 13 3. Simplify : j x2+y2 x-—y- \ ^ j x+y x—y \ \ x2 — y- x2-\-y2 j ( x — y x+y ) 15 4. A party were to divide their expenses equally. Had there been three persons more and each paid 5 cents more, the bill would have been $3.75 more ; but if there had been 10 persons less, and each had paid 7 cents less, it would have been $9.56 less. How many persons were there and how much did each pay ? 15 48 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR iii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 » Marks. 5. Solve tin.' simultaneous equations : x-\-y + z = a-{-b + c bx -\- cy + az = ex + ay + bz — ab-\- he + ea 15 6. Solve the equations: o (x2 + a) (x + b)=ab 15 T. Divide 40 into two such parts that the sum of their squares shall be 818. 15 PLANE GEOMETRY. First Paper. Marks. (Time, 3 hours.) 1. What is the difference between an axiom and a postulate? What is meant by ' reductio ad absurdum ' ? 12 _'. If two triangles have two sides of the one equal to two sides of the other, each to each, and also the angles included by the equal sides equal, the triangles are equal in all respects. - 12 :!. In what cases does equality of three of the six parts (three sides, three angles) each to each in two triangles, involve equality of the tri- angles? 12 1. All the exterior angles of any rectilinear figure, made by producing the sides successively in the same direction, are together equal to four right angles? 12 5. The sum of the angles of a square is equal to four right angles. Is the converse true? If not, why not?' 13 G. [f a straight line be bisected and produced to any point, the square on the whole line thus produced, and the square on the part of it pro- duced, are together double of the square on half the line bisected, and of the square on the line made up of the half and the part pro- duced. 13 7. What algebraic proposition corresponds to the proposition in Question 6? State the geometric proposition corresponding to the algebraic one: (a + b) (a — b) + &- = n-. 13 8. Wherein is a geometrical proof of the properties of squares or rectangles with relation to their areas, more complete than an algebraic one? 13 iii REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR GEXERA.L 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 PLANT, GEOMETRY. Second Papeu. Marks. (Time, 3 hours.) 9. Describe a square that shall be equal to a given rectilineal figure. 12 10. If in a circle two straight lines cut one another, which do not both pass through the centre, they do not bisect each other. 12 11. The opposite angles of any quadrilateral figure inscribed in a circle, are together equal to two right angles. 12 1 2. From a given circle cut off a segment which shall contain an angle equal to a given rectilineal angle. 12 13. To describe a circle about a given triangle. 13 14. What is meant by incommensurable magnitudes? Give a geometrical instance of incommensurability. 13 15. If an angle of a triangle be bisected by a straight line which cuts the opposite side, the segments into which this side is divided are in the same ratio as the other sides of the triangle; and conversely. 13 16. In equal circles, angles, whether at the centres or circumferences have the same ratio which the arcs on which they stand have to one another; so also have the sectors. 13 PLANE TRIGONOMETRY. Marks. (Time, 3 hours.) 1. Deduce the expression for the area of a triangle in terms of its sides. 16 2. Prove that sin (A+B) sin (A— B) = sin2 A — sin2 B, and that cos (A + B) cos (.4 — B)= cos2 A — sin2 B. 16 3. Given a = 35-3, 6 = 54-7, .4=33° 25' solve the triangle. 17 4. Given 6 = 17-34, c = 2-9-85, A = 125° 43/ find a. (Do not solve by natural trigonometric functions.) 17 5. Given .1=25° 33', 5 = 117° 08'; a = 125-33. find c. 17 6. Given a = 23-5, b = 37-7. c = 31-2, find the angles. 17 25 — iii — 4 50 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR iil 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 Marks. SPHEEICAL TRIGONOMETRY. (Time, 8 hours.) 1. State Napier's rules for the solution of right-angled spherical triangles. 20 Deduce similar rules for the solution of triangles in which one side is a quadrant. 2. Given c — 145°, a = 25°, 0 = 90° ; solve the triangle. 20 3. Given 6 = 123° 15', c = 135°10', 4=15° 27'; find a. 20 4. Given B = 140° 10', C = 55° 42', a = 63° 26'; find A. 20 5. Given A = 125°, B = 135°, C = 85° ; find a. 20 Note. — Do not use natural trigonometric functions in the solution of triangles. MENSURATION. Marks. (Time, S hours.) ■ 1. The sides of a triangular field are 3-54, 12-62 and 11 "38 chains. Find the area in acres. . 14 2. The perimeter of a field which has the form of a triangle similar to that in question 1 is 41-31 chains. What is its area? 14 3. What fraction of the earth's surface lies between latitudes 50° and 60°, and between longitudes 90° and 120° ? 14 4. On a certain map it is found that an area of 16,000 acres is represented by* an area of 6 -25 square inches. Determine the scale of the map in miles to the inch. 14 5. A right circular cylinder and a right circular cone stand on equal bases and are of the same altitude, the altitude being equal to the length of a diameter of either base. Find the ratio (a) of the curved sur- faces; (b) of the whole surfaces of the cone and cylinder. 15 G. A cylindric tube 8 feet long and 2 feet 6 inches in diameter is closed at each end by a hemisphere. Find the area of the whole external sur- face. 15 7. The area of a field determined by chain measurement is afterwards found to be greater than it should be by one-fortieth part. What was the true length of the chain with which the first measurement was made? 14 Examination for Admission as Articled Pipii. — Limited Preliminary. NIX. February 11, 1908. First Paper. Marks. (Time, $ hours.) 1. Penmanship and Orthography. (Same as in the Full Preliminary Ex-j 50 animation.) / 200 iii REPORT OF THE SURTETOR GENERAL 'Si SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 M.-i i 2. Given log 1 -944 — 0 -28869627 alid log 1 -728 = 0 -23754373 find the logarithms of 45 and 75. 3. Two travellers A and B set out at the same time from two places, P and Q, and travel so as to meet. When they meet it i9 found that A has travelled 30 miles more than B, and that it will take A and B 4 days and 9 days respectively to complete their journeys. Find the dis- tance between P and Q. 4. Find the value of y/a -J- bx + Va — bx 2ac — ;^== when x = I ■ ■ \/a+bx — y/a—bx b (1 + c2) 5. If a quadrilateral figure is bisected by one diagonal, the second diagonal is bisected by the first. C. From the formula c2 = a2 -4- b2 — 2ab cos C, and the analogous formula? for the squares on the other sides, prove that a b c 25— iii— 41 dKir+o)'-©* 50 Sin A Sin B Sin C. 7. Prove that (cos A + cos B)2 + (sin A + sin B)2 — 4 cos2 A (.4 — B). S. Similar triangles are to one another as the squares on their homologous sides. Marks Second Paper. (Time, S hours.) 9. Two chimneys are of equal height. A person standing between them in the straight line joining their bases observes the elevation of the nearer one to him to be 60°. After walking 80 feet in a direction at right angles to the straight line joining their bases, he observes the elevations of the two to be 45° and 30°. Find their height, and the distance between them. 50 10. If the surface areas of a sphere, a cube and a regular tetrahedron are equal to one another, find the ratios of the diameter of the sphere, to the side of the cube and the edge of the tetrahedron. 11. Prove that the straight line bisecting an angle of a triangle, either internally or externally, divides the opposite side into parts which are in the same ratio as the other sides of the triangle. 12. Apply the preceding proposition to find the locus of a point whose distances from two given points are in a given ratio. 13. Given b •= 99° 41'; c = 100° 50'; A = 65° 33', find a. (Do not use natural trigonometric functions.) 14. Given c = 75° 31'; a = 90°; B <= 30° 53', find the other parts. 15. Find the value of 52 DEPART11EXT OF THE IXTERIOR Hi 8-9 edward vii., a. 1909 Final Examination for Dojiixion Land Surveyor. XXXTX. (February 11 to 18, 1908.) PKXMANSHD? AND ORTHOGRAPHY. Marks. (Time, S hours.) The same paper is used as in the full preliminary examination. f 50 ) 200 ALGEBRA. Marks. (Time, 8 hours.) 1. Find the G. C. M. of 2s5 —11a;2 — 9 and 4a£ + 11a* + 81; and the L. C. M. of a;3 — 6*2+ ll.r — 6, x3 — 9s2 + 26x — 24, and a* _ ga-- + 19a- — 12. !0 2. Simplify m- + n- 1 ~~1 \mH«V ' and & + 3. Solve /^Z^lY = T~2a" V* + b J x + a 4 •26 ' ■72a; — -05 and 4 -8.r = 1 -6.T -4- 8 -9 10 10 t. Two persons, A and 5, could finish a work in m days; they worked to- gether « days when A was called off and B finished it in p days. In what time could each do it? 10 5. Solve the simultaneous equations : bx -j- cy -\- az — ex- 4- ay + bz = ab -f- be -\- ca. 10 6. Show that the G. C. M. of two quantities is the G. C. M. of their common measures. 10 l i 7. Solve x — + x — " = 6, and x + V (5 x + 10) = 8. 10 S. Find that number whose square added to its cube is nine times the next highest number. 10 9. \\Tiat are eggs a dozen when two more in 24 cents worth lowers the price two cents per dozen? 10 10. Divide a given line into two parts such that twice the square on one part may be equal to the rectangle contained by the whole line and the other part. 10 iii REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR GENERAL 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 PLANE GEOMETEY. Marks. (Time, 8 hours.) 1. Describe a circle about a given triangle. 18 -. Prove tbat the perimeter of a triangle is less than the perimeter of any triangle which is drawn completely surrounding it. 18 c. Construct a rectangle equal to the sum of two given triangles. 19 1. In a triangle, BAG is the greatest angle. Prove that if a point D be taken in AB and a point E in AG, DE is less than BC. 19 5. Construct geometrically a (a — x) = :r- where a represents the length of a line. 19 0. Lf two chords of a circle when produced intersect at a point without the circle, the rectangle contained by the segments of one chord is equal to the rectangle contained by the segments of the other chord. 19 7. If one pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle inter- sect at a fixed point, the other pair of opposite sides intersect on a fixed straight line. 19 .S. If an angle of a triangle be bisected internally or externally by a straight line which cuts the opposite side, or that side produced, the ratio of the segments of that side is equal to the ratio of the other sides of the triangle. 19 SOLID GEOMETEY. Marks. (Time, 8 hours.) 1. Name the regular solids and give for each the number of faces, corners and edges. 8 2. The sum of any two plane angles of a trihedral angle is greater than the third angle. 8 3. If two intersecting planes be at right angles to the same place, their com- mon section is at right angles to it. 8 4. Polygons formed by cutting the faces of a polyhedral angle by parallel planes are similar to one another. 8 5. If the edge of a tetrahedron is 10 inches, what is the radius in inches of the sphere of equal volume? 11 G. If the edge of a tetrahedron is 10 inches, iwhat is the radius in inches of a sphere of equal surface? 11 7. If the annual rainfall in the Khasi Hills is 610 inches, what is the weight of water yearly received by an acre, a cubic foot of water weighing 62 -5 lbs.? 10 8. A cylinder 10 inches in diameter and 20 inches high is half full of water; into it is placed vertically a wooden cone, base 8 inches in diameter, height 10 inches, specific gravity of the wood -5; how high will the water rise in the cylinder? 11 54 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 111 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY. Marks. tve cos A= (Time, S hours.) cos a — cos b cos c siu b sin c 13 l Deduce tan * (A -f £)= C0S * ^~^ cot i (7. 14 cos J (a + 6) , _. , , I cos S cos (£ — 4) ■ Deduce tan £ a= - -^ ^ — — — 14 ^ cos (S — B) cos (S — C) 4. Prove Napier's rules 14 5. Given a = 68° 20', Z> = 52° 18'; C = 117° 12', find c. 14 6 The sides of a triangle are 105°, 90° and 75° respectively, find the sines of all the angles. 14 7. Given B = 70° , C = 100°, a = 40°, find A. 14 8. Given a = 32° 12', t = 30° 15', c = 28° 18', find C. 14 9. Taking the radius of the earth as 4,000 miles, what is the approximate area of the triangle in square miles, whose spherical excess is 1"? 14 MEASUREMENT OF AREAS AND SUBDIVISION OF LAND. First Paper. Marks. (Time, 8 hours.) 1. In a triangular field, AB = 10 ch., 5(7 = 14 ch., CA=12 ch.; through the point within the field distant 8 chs. from A, and 6 chs. from B, a line is drawn bisecting the field; find the length of the dividing line. 17 2. Divide a quadrilateral in a given ratio by a straight line starting from a given point in one of the sides. 17 the diameter of the sun is 800,000 miles, that of the earth 8,000, and -heir distance apart 92,000,000 miles, what is the limiting value in lati- r'-.de of the circle of illumination at the time of the equinoxes, and what proportion of the earth's surface is directly illuminated, neglecting refraction. 17 t I lirough the northerly part of Sec. 3, Tp. 33, R. 5, W. of 3rd M., runs a railway, width of right-of-way 100 ft. ; the centre line crosses the western boundary of the section 10:20 ch. from the N.W. corner, and continues on a course N. 60° E. The part of the section lying south of the railway i-j to be divided into equal parts by a straight line running from the quarter section post on the southern boundary. What is the azimuth and 'eagth of the dividing line? 17 5. A kite-shaped race track is 50 ft. wide. The centre-line, half a mile long, i? composed of two tangents, including an angle of 60°, and a circular ire connecting them. What is the length of the tangents, and what is the area of the track? 16 0. What is the ratio of the perimeters enclosing an area of n acres, by a rifle, equilateral triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon and octagon? 16 iii REPORT OF TEE SURVEYOR GENERAL 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 MEASUREMENT OF AREAS AND SUBDIVISION OF LAND. Second Paper. (Time, 8 hours.) 7. The following are the notes of a survey: Marks. 1. S. 69' 15' E. 7-06 chains. 2. N. 37c 15' E. 5-93 u 3. N. 39° 30' W. 6-00 a 4. S. 57' 45' W. 4-65 a 5. S. 30' 1 00' W. 4-98 it Find the area by the method of Latitudes and Departures, first ' balancing ' the survey. 40 8. Express the conditions necessary for a closed survey by two equations. (a) From these show what missing data in a survey can be supplied. (6) Show when ambiguity may arise, and how the supplying of missing data affects balancing the survey. 20 9. Explain by diagram fully the rule : ' Twice the area of the figure is equal to the algebraic sum of the products of the double meridian distances of the several courses into the corresponding latitudes.' 20 10. What is the method of balancing a survey: (a) On the assumption that the error of closure is as much due to erroneous bearings as to erroneous chaining? (&) On the assumption of erroneous chaining alone? What is the true area of the above field if the chain was one link too short? 20 DESCRIPTIONS. (Time, 3 hours.) Marks. FOURTH ST. N. 71' E. 60 75' 75' 75' gll 11 10 8 55 i1 2 3S Ol 7,"> 7 • 75' THIRD ST. N. 75" E. The above is part of the registered plan of the town of Holly in the County of Tweed and Province of Alberta. A sells to B a part of lot No. 1, and adjoining John and Third streets. The part sold is to have a front- age of forty feet on Third street to extend to the rear of the lot and the dividing line to be parallel to John street. Make a description for a deed. 25 56 DEPARTMEST OF TEE I\TERIOR Hi 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Marks. 2. Using the plan of question 1. Supposing A to own lots Nos. 1 and 2, he sells lot No. 2 to B, and gives the right of ingress and egress to B by a lane, 16 feet wide, running along the whole of the rear limit of lot No. 1. Make the necessary description for the conveyance. :.'•"> ;). Moose Creek flows across the N. E. \ S. 12, T. 13, E. 15 W. in an easterly direction. B desires to buy the northerly part of the quarter section lying north of the creek, together with the creek. From measurement the southerly bank of the creek intersects the eastern and western quarter section lines respectively at 22ch 12 and 20ch 18 from the northern quarter section line. The whole area to be conveyed is supposed to ;contain 85 acres. Make a description for a deed. 25 4. Make a description for the remaining part of the quarter section given in. question 3. 2o ASTRONOMY. First Pape:?. Marks. (Time, 8 hours.) 1. Explain fully the equation of time, why it varies and when it is a maxi- mum. A diagram is desirable. 14 2. The longitude of Ottawa is 5h. 02m. 52s. What kind of time is this ? Why? 14 3. In latitude 45° 25', longitude 75° 43', what is the standard time of eastern elongation of Polaris, on May i'7, 1004? 14 4. Without tables or computation give the approximate local mean time of eastern elongation of Polaris for any place in Ontario on the 20th of each month in the year. 14 5. For the same place and time as question 3, what was the azimuth of 8 Urs. Min. at western elongation ? 8 = 86° 36' 46"; a = 18h. 02m. 36s. 14 6. On the same date the observed altitude of Arcturus when on the prime vertical was 45° 38'. What is the latitude of the place? 15 7. What is the standard time of sunrise for the place and time of questions? 15 iii REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR GEXERAL 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 ASTRONOMY. Second Paper. Marks. (Time, S hours.) 8. On the 4th Base Line, R. Y-VI, W. of 3rd M. on May 27, 1904, in the forenoon the mean of the observed altitudes of the upper and lower limb of the sun was 42° 13' 30' when a watch showed 9h. 02m. 14s. What was the azimuth of the sun, and what was the error of the watch on standard time? IT 0. In question 8, what was Ihe true local sidereal time of observation? 17 10. What is the longitude of the place for which the time shown by the iwatch in question 8, was at that instant the local sidereal time? 17 11. On the 20th June, 1904, the altitude of the sun's centre a.t its lower or northern culmination was 10° 32'. What was the latitude of the place of observation? 17 12. What is the standard time of rising for Arcturus for the time and place in question 8 ? 13 13. What is the right ascension of a star that crosses the meridian of place and date of question 8 at 10 p.m. local mean time? 16 MANUAL OF SURVEY. First Paper. Marks. (Time, 8 hours.) - — 1. Where are the Initial Meridians now in use? 3 2. Between what townships is the 73rd correction line? 3 3. How is the deficiency or surplus on the meridians between two base lines disposed of? 4 4. Define a bearing and an azimuth. 11 5. To what meridian is a bearing referred in subdividing a township, and how is it dedueed from an observed azimuth? 11 G. What is to be done when the road allowance on a correction line is less than 80 links wide? 5 7. In closing a correction line on a.n initial meridian, what is to be done when the meridian intersects the jog? 7 8. Give the rules to be observed in measuring a distance by means of a tri- angle. 5 9. When is a quarter section considered as sufficiently surveyed for disposal? 5 10. What are the limits of error in a. township subdivision survey? 8 11. Describe the different kinds of posts, mounds, pits and trenches used in the present system of survey ; show how and where they are placed. 20 12. How is a settlement surveyed ? 11 13. How is a group lot surveyed? 7 58 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR iii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 MANUAL OF SUEVEY. •Second Paper. Milks. (Time, S hours.) 14. By what considerations is a surveyor to be guided in deciding whether a road allowance shall or shall not be left along the boundary of an Indian reserve when subdividing a township? 4 15. What connections have to be made in a township subdivision survey? 4 16. For what purposes are traverses made in connection with surveys of Dominion lands? 5 17. Define the banh, the shore and the bed of a body of water. 12 18. What are the rights of the owner of a piece of land fronting on a lake or river? 11 19. What are the bodies of water to be surveyed in subdividing a township, and what are those which are not to be surveyed? 9 30. In what cases is the area of the bed of a river to be deducted from the area of a quarter section crossed by it? 0 21. When are both banks of a river to be traversed? 4 22. What is to be done when the edge of a marsh varies ten chains or more according to the height of water? 8 23. How are the following posts to be marked ? (a) At the corner between sections 19, 20, 29 and 30, township 59, range 9, east of the principal meridian. (b) At the southerly corner between sections 4 and 5, township 67, range 22, west of the 3rd meridian. (c) At the southerly corner between sections 15 and 16, township 31, range 14, west of the 2nd meridian. (On the north side of the road allowance between two different systems of surveys.) (d) At the southerly corner of township 103, between ranges 13 and 14, west of the 4th meridian. (e) At the witness mound placed 9 chains north of the S.E. corner of section 12, township 47, range 9, west of the 5th meridian. 20 24. Define a resurvey, a retracement, a restoration survey, an obliterated corner, and a lost corner. 8 25. Give the rules governing resurveys, retracements and restoration sur- veys. 8 26. Under what circumstances is a subdivider justified in resurveying or re- tracing a township outline without instructions from the head office? 5 iii REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR GENERAL 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Examination for Certificate as Dominion Topographical Surveyor. February 11 to 18, 1908. XL ALGEBRA. Marks. (Time, 3 hours.) 1. Show that /l /3 /5 ,/2n— 1> (/n)' 6 2. Find the number of ways in which (1) a selection, (2) an arrangement of four letters can be made from the letters of the word ' proportion.' 6 3. Find the sum of the products, two at a time, of the co-efficients in the expression of (1 + x)n, when n is a positive integer. 6 3 3-5 3-5-7 4.Provethatl+-+— 0+3^^-+ * = 2 6 5. Express i (eix + e~ix) in ascending powers of x when i = \/-l. 5 {'. The integral part of — j— C\/3~f- \/5)2n + 1 and the integer next greater s/o than (V3 + V5)2" are each divisible by 2" + 1 6 7. A certain stake is to be won by the first person who throws an ace with an octahedral die. If there are 4 persons, what is the chance of the last? 5 S. Find the sum of the fifth powers of the roots of the equation: 5 x* — 7a;2 + 4z — 3 = 0 9. Calculate the value of the determinant : 3 2 1 4 15 29 2 14 16 19 3 17 33 39 8 38 PLANE AND SPHERICAL TEIGONOMETEY. (Time, S hours.) 1. Sum to n terms the series: Sin 3 0 sin 0 + sin 6 d sin 2 $ + sin 12 6 sin 4 8 + Harks. 2. If x be the circular measure of a positive angle less than a right angle, x3 sin x is greater than x 9 6 3. Compute the ratio (=tt) of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. 8 4. Solve the equations (1) sin 9 x + sin 5 x + 2 sin 2x = 1 (2) cos 3a sin3a +- =1 9 cos x sm x 5. (a) Explain the principle and derivation of addition and subtraction logarithms. (b) Give illustrations of applicability. 8 60 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR iil 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. ?509' Marks. 6. Given the equation tan z = to express z in a series of multiples of o. 8 1 + in cos a 7. (a) Give the three fundamental equations for the general spherical triangle. (b) Give the solution of oblique spherical triangles by means of a perpen- dicular, applying same to Case I, given b, c, and A; Case II, given A, C, and b. 8 S. Adapt the expression a cos A + b cos B + c cos C to logarithmic compu- tation, the letters denoting the sides and the angles of a triangle. 8 9. If k is the area of a spherical triangle, show that n i h = \| tan J s tan 4 (s— a) tan i (s—b) tan $ (s—c) Marks. ta ANALYTICAL GEOMETET— TWO DIMENSIONS. (Time, 3 hours.) 1. Eind the equation of a straight line in terms of its intercepts on the axes of coordinates. 8 2. Define 'anharmonic ratio,' illustrating by a diagram. 8 3. Deduce the equation to the tangent to the circle .r2 + y2 = a2 at the point x, y. 8 4. Define ' radical axis,' and prove analytically that the radical axes of three circles meet in a point. 8 5. Write down the equation of the ellipse referred to its centre and axes. Prove that the sum of the two focal distances of a point on the curve is equal to the major axis and that the perpendicular to the directrix is in a constant ratio to the focal distance. S G. Find the equation to the normal to the ellipse at a given point on the curve. How many normals may be drawn to the ellipse from a point not on the curve? 10 Three Dimensions. 7. Write down the equation to a straight line given the coordinates of two points upon it, and find the angles which it makes with the axes of coordinates. 1 ' I 8. Give formulae for the transformation of coordinates, without changing the origin, in terms of the direction cosines of the new axes as referred to the old. 12 9. Find the condition that the plane Ix -f my -\-nz-\-p = o may touch the conicoid ax2 -f- by2 -I- cz- -\- d — o. 12 10. Prove that the sections of an ellipsoid by parallel planes are similar ellipses. Hence deduce the relation between the radii of curvature of the sections of an ellipsoid made by different pltmes containing the normal at a given point. 16 Hi REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR GENERAL 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY AND PROJECTIONS. Marks. (Time, S hours.) 1. Two intersecting straight lines being given by their projections, find the angle of the lines. 8 2. Two straight lines which do not intersect being given their projections, find the shortest line joining them. 9 '■'. Given the declination and hour augle of a star and the latitude of the place, find the azimuth of the star. 9 4. Give the definition of the picture plane, principal point, horizon line, dis- tance points and vanishing points in a perspective. Given the altitude of a point above the ground plane and its horizontal projection, find its perspective. 9 5. It is desired to construct a map of Canada comprised between latitudes 42° and 60° north and longitudes 56° and 141° W. of Greenwich. Com- paring the polyconic and the secant conical projections, what are the maximum errors of representation in each case? 15 6. In a perspective projection, explain how you find where the point of vision must be placed in order that the total misrepresentation over a given area be a minimum. 15 T. Define the conical Orthomorphic projection (Gauss' or Lambert's second). What are its properties and for what kind of maps is it best adapted? 10 DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL CALCULUS. Marks. (Time, 3 hours.) - 1. Differentiate with respect to x log J 2.T--1+2 J.t2 — X — 1 | r ex tan-1 x COST P + 5cosTl 10 I 5 + 3 cos x J 2. Ii A be the chord of any circular arc, B that of half the arc, prove that the length of the arc is equal to 2 R+ V (2 B -A). with an error which, for an arc equal to the radius, is less than 1 in 7680. 10 B. From Taylor's series derive John Bernouilli's series. 10 4. If u is a homogeneous function of x and y of the nth degree, prove that du du x-j--y -j- = mi 10 rf.r dy i 5. Find the maximum value of xx, also its limiting value when x = o or c. 10 62 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 111 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Marks. 6. Find the ra.dius of curvature of an ellipse at the point 'where the normal makes an angle of <£ with the major axis. 10 7. Sum the series 1 Px + i P2 + J Pz+ — V n n . 1 n r ■where = — + p ,. r n when n is indefinitely increased. 10 S. Obtain a formula of reduction for the integral eax cos nx fix 10 /• 9. State Simpson's Rule and apply it to determining the area of an ellipse included between two ordinates to the major axis. 10 10. Find the volume and moment of inertia about its axis of a section of a paraboloid formed by revolving the parabola y1 = 20,-c about the axis of x, the section being bounded by the planes x = o and x = 10. 10 PROBABILITY AND LEAST SQUARES. (Time, 3 hours.) Marks 1. Two independent witnesses, A and B, whose probabilities of speaking the truth are p and q, respectively, agree in a statement of which the a priori probability of truth is P. What is the probability that the statement is true? 15 2. A phenomenon of which the causes are unknown has been observed to recur at regular intervals. If it has thus happened n times, what is the probability that it will occur m times more? 15 3. Write down the equation to the curve of probability of error of observa- tion. Indicate its form in a general way, and show the relation to the curve of the mean square error, the probable error and the average error. 20 4. Two sets of measurements are made with results a and b, with probable errors r and r, respectively. Find the most probable value got by com- bining them, and its probable error, when (°) a and b are measured lengths of the same rod. k>nen a i- a zenith distance, and b is a declination from which the 1 titude i- required (b + a) (c) When a and b are latitudes determined by moon culminations observed on the east and west limbs of the moon respectively. 25 5. In indirect measurements), when n observations have been made and there are m unknown quantities, describe briefly the process of finding the most probable value of each quantity and its probable error. 25 6. In direct measurements of quantities which are not independent of one another, show how the most probable values are found. Explain the method of elimination, also that of correlates. 25 T. Indicate how the method of l<;i-t squares is used in finding values for the constants of formula5, also in the formation of empirical formula?. 25 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 A. 1909 FART V ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK 25— v— 1 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 A. 1909 ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK OF CANADA. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT. Banff, Alberta, September 25, 1908. The Honourable Frank Oliver, Minister of the Interior, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my annual report as superintendent of the Rocky Mountains Park and the Toho and Glacier Park reserves for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1908. As you will observe by the report, the predictions made by me a few years ago in regard to the mountain parks have been more than realized and their development has already exceeded our most sanguine expectations. It is with sincere pleasure that I am able to report to you that judging from past development and present indications it is a difficult matter to estimate the limit of the usefulness of the Rocky Mountains parks as a unique pleasure and health resort, not only for the people of the Dominion, but for visitors and tourists from almost every part of the world. Its increasing popularity may be judged by the comparison of the number of people who have visited the parks each year for the past ten years. These are as follows : — Year. No. of Visitors. 1899 7,389 1900 6,533 1901. . . 8,456 1902 8,516 1903 10,696 1904 11,752 1905 17,605 1906 30,136 1907 (9 months) 28,735 1908 32,209 This steady increase of travel has resulted in an equal increase in trade for all classes of business as well as in correspondingly increased revenues to the park. A full statement of the yearly revenues will be found in another part of this report. Owing to so many counter-attractions in eastern Canada and in Europe, such as the Tercentenary at Quebec and the large exhibitions in Europe, which diverted the tide of tourist travel eastward, as well as this being presidential election yeax, I do not anticipate so large an increase for next year. During the following year, how- ever, there will doubtless be a greatly increased number of visitors to the park owing to the passing away of the financial stringency, and the fact of the Alaska and other exhibitions being held at the coast, as well as to the large crops of this last season, which so increase the prosperity of the country and are bound to induce travel. Visitors in large numbers to these western attractions will doubtless spend a few days in rest and relaxation at the Rocky Mountains Park. The tendency nowadays for tourists to enjoy a few days spent in wandering in wilderness is delightful to see and goes to show that mountain parks and reservations are a necessity, not only as fountains of life and health, but as sources of future tim- ber supplies. The growing interest in the care and preservation of forests and wild 25— v— 1J i DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 7 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 places in general is full of promise and cannot fail to have a great influence on the future of the Dominion and the health and happiness of the people. Popular interest, more practical than sentimental, in whatever touches the wel- fare of the country's forests is growing rapidly, and a hopeful beginning has been made by the Canadian government in real protection for the reservations as well as for all the parks. The energy and foresight of the government along these lines are greatly appreciated by the people of the western prairies. There are now six national parks or reserves in the west, all easy of access. having a total area of 15,550 square miles. These are divided as follows : — Square miles. Rocky Mountains Park 4,320 Yoho Park 2,812 Glacier Park 2,304 Buffalo Park) 600 Elk Island Park 61 Jasper Park 5,450 Besides these there are a large number of forest reservations, most of which are easily accessible either by railways, trails or open ridges, and as yet are practically in a state of nature which has been unspoiled either by the hand of man or forest fire devastations. These grand reservations cannot fail to draw thousands of admiring visitors from all parts of the world where their beauties are known. The withdrawal of this large tract from the public domain did no harm to any one, as most of the lands, owing to topographical formation, would never be available for agricultural purposes and are of use only as pleasure and health resorts. The National parks are not only withdrawn from sale or entry like the forest reservations, but they are efficiently guarded and managed by officers appointed by the Dominion government under careful supervision. Under their care the forests are flourishing, protected from both axe and fire ; and so of course are the smaller shaggy underbrush on the mountain sides and the herbaceous growth of the lower valleys. The furred and feathered tribes, which a few years ago were in danger of extinction, are increasing. Besides these the parks are the homes of a number of the larger game, such as the buffalo, elk, moose, bear and many others, which here, under the efficient protection provided, feel secure and at home and are also rapidly increas- ing. Birds of every description known in this latitude enliven the natural groves with their music and add to the pleasure of the visitors. American visitors are especially enthusiastic as to the beauty of the scenery in thte mountain parks, some of whom, who have travelled extensively in every part of the world, declare it to be the grandest they have ever seen. The cosmopolitan char- acter of the people and visitors is also a source of wonder and delight to any student who visits the park for the first time. While he may admire the beauty of the scenery and be amazed at its grandeur, he is more struck by the character of the people he meets in the hotel corridors. In a quiet hour after dinner he may meet men he had known in almost every part of the globe. Below are given a list and description of the work and improvements made in the Bocky Mountains Park during the past year. ROADS AND BRIDGES. Owing to almost continuous rains of the preceding year the roads and trails were badly cut up by slides, washouts and the almost constant travel, which necessitated more than the ordinary amount of repairs to maintain them in good condition. There are now in operation 80 miles of carriage road at Banff; 16 miles at Lag- gan and 30 miles at Field. It will be easily understood that to maintain these 125 t ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 miles of mountain roads requires careful and frequent inspection and a vast amount of work, so that accidents and delay to travel may be avoided. This, so far, we have been able to accomplish. Owing to the large amount of water and sewer connections installed last year the streets and roads in the village of Banff were left in very bad condition. This made it necessary that a small force of men should be constantly on this work and it was necessary to practically rebuild some of the streets thus torn up. The road from Banff to Lake Minnewanka, a distance of YJ miles, was almost entirely gravelled and new bridges were built over Cascade river and Devil's Head canyon. This work put the carriage road in excellent condition and makes a splendid driveway for tourists, which is greatly appreciated. Several new streets in Banff were cleared, opened up, graded and gravelled to meet the growing demand of the village. Three hundred feet of stone protection wall was built on Cave avenue for the purpose of protecting the banks from sliding clown in the spring and blocking the road to the Cave and Basin. This has had very effective results. A new crib and wing dam were built on the Spray river to protect the southern approach to the bridge during the spring freshets. About 2% miles of new road was built east of Canmore on what is known as the coaching road from Calgary to Banff. With each succeeding year this road is being put in better condition, and in another year or two, with small appropriations for this purpose, it is hoped to have that part of the road in the National Park in such condition that automobiles and carriages may be able to pass between the two places. The Alberta government, Department of Public Works, are also doing considerable work on that part of the road east of the park. At Laggan three additional miles of new road were added to the road to Moraine lake, making the total amount of road built 9 mile^. It is expected that the whole distance of 12 miles to the lake will be completed next season. A- splendid new steel bridge of 120 feet span was built over the Bow river at Laggan. This bridge was biult on solid cement abutments down to bedrock and is a very substantial structure, which will prove a great convenience to tourists driving over that road. The bridge over the Bow river at -Banff and also the Spray bridge were painted and refloored during the season, which greatly improved their appearance. < YOHO PARK, ROADS AND BRIDGES. During the year two miles were added to the carriage road up the Toho valley to the Takakaw falls, and the remaining three miles have been located, the right of w>ay for two miles of which has been cleared. We hope to have the entire carriage road up the Canyon completed by August of next year. Besides this, timber was taken out and 300 feet of new bridge was built at Leanchoil across Kicking Horse river. These bridges were first constructed as part of the carriage road to Ice river. The right of way on the Toho carriage road to Emerald lake was also widened for a distance of three miles. This work was found necessary so as to allow' the rays of the sun to shine in and dry the road. DESCRIPTION OF YOHO PARK. The Yoho Park has been often described by tourists as being second to none in natural beauty and grandeur of scenery. The vast territory, which includes several million acres of land, abounds in beautiful mountain streams teeming with trout. Its countless lakes, clear as crystal, are set in the very heart of rugged mountains. Nearly every kind of wild animal, including the moose, deer, beaver, bears, mountain goat, sheep, marten and birds are increasing very rapidly and are very tame, not having been much disturbed as yet in their native haunts. 6 DEPARTilEM OF THE INTERIOR v 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 The many points of interest that have been opened up by carriage roads and bridle trails, such as the Hcodoo mountains, the Canyons, Glaciers, the Kootney and [ce River valleys, with canoe trips down the Emerald lakes, the Kootney and other riv.rs; the pietur sque falls of the Yoho, the Laughing and Takakaw, the beauty of which is seldom equalled and never excelled, have already made the Yoho valley a favourite res rt of the tourists and lovers of nature in its simplicity. GLACIER PARK. Little work was done in Glacier Park last year other than repairs to the trail from Glacier House, which suffers every year from slide=, and the damming of the Strea n at the entrance to the Caves so as to make them more accessible. Ladders were placed in the Caves and bridges were built across the pot-holes so as to hssen the difficulties of exploration. Some 700 j eople visited the Caves during the year and on their return all expressed their pleasure and delight with the trip and the natural wonders of the Caves. It would seem that the government would be warranted in making a reasonable expenditure in building approaches and stairways, so as to allow visitors more easy access to the different caves in the valley. It is also my intention, subject to your approval, to connect the trail leading n rth froai Rogers Pass to the head waters of Bear creek with the end of our present trail at the Caves, the distance between the two points being about three miles, which can be done with the expenditure of a few hundred dollars. This will make the round trip possible from Glacier House by Rogers Pass around the head of Bear creek, thence to the Caves, returning to Glacier House. The round trip would be about 15 miles in length and be one of great interest and pleasure. THE CAVE AND BASIN. The baths at the Cave and Basin continue to grow in popularity, and the revenue from that source will this year be at least 20 per cent over that of any former year, and this has been accomplished notwithstanding the institution of the Hot Springs baths a few years ago. In spite of the additions that have been made in the number of dressing rooms and other accommodation we are still unable to accommodate the swarms of bathers who visit the baths during the months of July and August, and it will be absolutely neeessary to greatly increase the accommodation in the near future. A comparative statsment of revenue and also of the number of visitors registered during the year will be found in another part of this report. 1 reproduce for ready reference the analysis made by A. MeGill, Governmen* Analyst, of the water from the springs : — Milligrammes Grains per per litre. gallon. Chlorine (in chloride) 6 -ft 0-12 Sulphuric acid (SO). . 550-0 38-50 Silica (SiO) 33-.0 2-31 Lime (CaO) 355-0 . 24-85 Magnesia (MgO) 69-5 4-.*7 Alkalies (expressed in terms of NaO) 8-9 0-62 Lithium A decided trace. Trace. Sulphuretted hydrogen (IIS) 4-3 0-30 Te nperature of water 115-5° F. Albuminoid nitrogen None. None. AVIARY. The different varieties of pheasants plac il in the Aviary two years ago are all doing well and are a great source of attraction to visitors to Banff. The increase has, however, contrary to expectation been very small. This I attribute almost entirely to T ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARE 7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 the very limited run which the birds have, an opinion which is shared by experts with whom I have talked on the subject. The birds have been very prolific with eggs, but it has been impossible to hatch them successfully. The young chicks did not appear, in most cases, to possess sufficient vitality to make their way out of the shells, and those which did so were so weak that they lived only a few hours. It is my intention in the near future to add to the runs of these birds. The same results may be said to have attended our efforts with the Canadian wild geese. Th? pair of golden eagles are in a thriving condition and, appear to have become quite naturalized and satisfied with their changed conditions. THE FAUNA OF(THE PARK. The animal paddock, in which are kept the buffalo, moose, elk, black- tail and Virginia deer, Persian fat-tail sheep, Angora goats and antelope, continues, to be a great attraction to visitors. The caretaker's diary shows that 13,777 visitors passed through the gates during the past twelve months. This does not include the hundreds who view the animals through the fence surrounding the inclosure. The only additions made to the paddock during the year, outside of the natural increase, were 4 Virginia deer and one antelope. The animals now in captivity are all in a healthy, thriving condition, the only loss during the year being one buffalo bull and one bull elk, the latter of which was killed while fighting with another bull elk. r The supposed cause of the death of the buffalo was pneumonia, as he had been sick for some weeks and none of the others were affected in any way, and are in good condition. The animals now in the paddock, are as follows : — Buffalo 93, increase . . 13 Moose 18 " 4 Elk 12 " 2 Mule deer 11 " 4 Persian sheep 3, decrease 1 Angora goats • . 6, increase 0 Virginia deer 4 Antelope 1 As reported last year the caged animals have all been removed to their new quarters in the museum grounds and will be reported on under that heading. THE FLORA OF THE PARK. The Flora of the Eocky Mountains Park is year by year attracting more attention and the number of botanical students who come here to study its different varieties is yearly increasing. The botanical specimens on exhibition at different points, such as Banff, Lake Louise, Field and Glacier, also attract a large number of visitors. The recent publication of Mrs. Henshaw's book on the mountain wild flowers of Western Canada has directed the attention of visitors to a large number of the beauties of natural flowers, which they would otherwise have overlooked. The following letter descriptive of some of the plants of the headwaters of the Saskatchewan and Athabaska rivers was recently received from Mr. Stewardson Brown, Professor of Botany in the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia. This is Professor Brown's second visit to the Canadian mountains in his professional capacity, and he is making a special study of the flora of this part of the Rockies. His letter follows : — ' During the past summer , ten weeks were spent in making a collection of the plants in the mountains of Western Alberta near the source of a number of branches of the Saskatchewan and Athabaska rivers. 8 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR T 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 ' The streams, portions of which were traversed, in the Saskatchewan drainage being the North Fork, Bear creek, Brazeau, Cataract and Sifflua, and of the Athabaska drainage, Suwapta, Poboctou and Maligue, tbe passes crossed in accomplishing this being the Bow, Nigel, Poboctou, Malique, Wilcox, Cataract and Pipestone. ' At this time it has been impossible to give the collections made any adequate study, but the following brief generalities on the results of the trip may be of interest: ' More than 5,000 specimens were collected, represented by 700 numbers and about one-third that number , species. ' In the river valleys and along the shores and flats there is in the main a great similarity in the general flora to that of the valleys of the. streams of the Rockies contiguous to the line of the Canadian Pacific railway ; the same being treu of the meadows and passes and slopes, above timber with some interesting exceptions. ' On the streams of the Athabaska drainage, heading from the opposite side of the same mountain ranges, still a third species appeared, resembling closely P. horealis, a northern form, from which it may not be distinct. ' A great similarity is also noticeable in the flora of the passes from which head the streams referred to ; on Poboctou, Maligue, Nigel, Wilcox and Cataract striking plants are a pink flowered species of Pedicularis as yet undermined, and Campanula lasiocarpa, a handsome dwarf species with flowers often an inch long. This latter plant was also collected on the foothills surrounding Maligue lake (Chaba Inine of the Stonies) and in rocky places on the Maligue river. 'Ranunculus pygmaeus, another northern plant to which category the above species also belong, was collected on the summit of Wilcox and Cataract passes only. ' Among the trees, the white spruce, Picea Canadensis, is the common form at the lower altitudes and not the Alberta spruce, Picea Albertiona, which is the predominant species on the river shores further south. < STEWARDSON BROWN. ' Academy of Natural Science, 'Philadelphia, Pa.' I am indebted to the celebrated Mrs. Charles Schaffer, botanist and traveller, of Eiverton, N.J., for the photographs and descriptions of flowers attached to this report. Mrs. Schaffer has been an annual visitor to the park for the past sixteen years, and has probably done more than any other person in making known to the world the beauties of the floral and other natural attractions of the Eocky and Selkirk ranges. Her book on ' Mountain Wild Flowers ' will be published shortly and will doubtless be read with great interest and give a vast amount of information in regard to the flora of the Rocky Mountains Parks. THE MUSEUM AXD GROUNDS. The museum and grounds continue to prove a yearly increasing attraction to visitors as evidenced by the increased number of those who registered. Besides these there were a great many who visited the grounds without entering their names on the books. These, as will be seen, include people from almost every part of the globe. A number of additions have been made to the collection of specimens in the museum, including the bull buffalo which died in the paddock; the ;elk which was killed in a fight ; a number of heads of various animals; stuffed birds, &c. A large amount of work has been done on the grounds to make them more attrac- tive to visitors. This work consists of levelling and filling in, draining low ground, installing water pipes, fencing, clearing and underbrushing, improving walks and gravelling driveway around the animal cages, &c. The new permanent cages which were under construction at the time of last year's report have been completed, and are said for their size to be equal to the best in any park on the continent. A New York park official who visited them this year said that they were ahead of any in that city in appearance and design. They are constructed v ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK 9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 of iron, cement and rock. The sulphur rock work on the sides is done so as to give them an artistic rustic appearance. The cement floors make it possible to keep them perfectly clean and free from any odours whatever. Each cage is supplied with water and sewer connections, and there is a constant supply of pure fresh water running through the cages all the time. To ensure the cleanliness and health of the animals confined in them, each cage is furnished with cement tanks for the animals to bathe in. The animals confined in them at present are : Black bear 1 Brown bear 1 Cinnamon bear 1 Mountain lions 2 Timber wolves 3 Coyotes 2 Kit fox 3 Bed fox 2 Lynx 2 Bacoons , 2 Badgers 2 Marmots 2 Borcupines 3 All of these are in a perfectly healthy condition and are fat and sleek, and appear to take to their comfortable new quarters very kindly. , THE COAL MINES. Owing to the very mild winter of last year and the heavy stocks of coal carried over the mines operated by the Bankhead Mines, Limited (successors to the Pacific Coal Company), were working only four or five days per week during two months of the spring, but for the past two months have been working full time. Since last report the management of the mines have installed one 150 horse-power boiler, their total boiler rating now being 1,510 horse-power. The second unit of the briquetting plant, which was under consideration at the date of the last report, has now been installed, making the capacity of the two units between 550 and 600 tons of briquettes per day. A 13^-foot Clifford-Capell ventilating fan, having a capacity of 300,000 cubic feet of free air per minute, has been installed on No. 4 seam for the purpose of pro- viding air for underground men. The second unit of the breaker has now been equipped with cleaning machinery, thus enabling them to handle a much larger daily tonnage, the breaker now being equipped to handle and clean 1,800 tons of mine run coal in ten hours. In addition to the above, the high pressure air lines have been extended farther into the mine and new charging stations installed inside the mines for the purpose, of charging the compressed air motors, which are used exclusively for hauling coal from the mine to the breaker. A slope has been sunk; to some 300 feet below the present tunnel level and new workings will be driven north and south from the slope level. The Canmore Coal Mines were worked steadily during the year, the total output being 112,750 tons. THE EXSHAW CEMENT WORKS. Exshaw^as the largest cement factory in the Dominion of Canada. The company, although in operation for a comparatively short time, find that their present plant is not sufficient to meet the ever-increasing demand for their product and steps have 10 DEPA.RTMEST OF THE IXTERIOR v 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 been taken to increase the plant. The quality of the cement produced has created a demand far in excess of the highest expectations of the directors. Over $1,500,000 has already been invested in the plant and a considerable town containing the usual business interests has grown up around it. The raw materials of clay and limestone are found right at the plant and the property controlled by the company consists of 1,200 acres in the Rocky Mountains Park. The daily capacity of the plant amounts to 2,600 barrels of finished Portland cement. PRESERVATION OF GAJIE. Although no convictions for violation of the regulations for the preservation of game have been made during the year, it is strongly suspected that game has been slaughtered by both Indians and white men. Owing to the large extent of territory embraced in the park it is impossible under our present system to keep as careful a patrol as is necessary to fully protect the game. Before this can be properly done it will be necessary to appoint permanent men who can combine the duties of game and fire wardens. This will be taken into con- sideration at an early date. t THE ALPIXE CLUB CAMP. The annual camp of the Alpine Club of Canada in the Canadian Rockies has become a permanent institution, and has done a great deal towards directing the attention of mountain climbers from every part of the world to the advantages of these mountains along their lines. This is amply proven by the report of the meeting of the camp this year, which is as follows : — ' The third annual camp of the Alpine Club was held at Rogers Pass in the Sel- kirk range of the Pocky Mountains, from July 7 to 15. 'One hundred and seventy-seven persons attended, being the largest number of any of the three camps that have been held. With the exception of two days upon which rain fell, the weather was all that could be desired. ' Among those present were representatives from the Alpine Club of England, the American Alpine Club, the Netherlands Alpine Club, the Mazamas Club of Portland, Oregon, and the Appalachian Mountain Club of Boston. ' Letters of greeting were received from His Excellency, the Eight Honourable James Bryce, Mr. Edward Whymper, Sir Sandford Fleming, Sir William Van Horn, the Rev. James Outram, and others. The official climbs, or those upon which appli- cants qualified for active membership, were : Rogers and Swiss Peaks of Mount Rogers and Hermit Mountain. They were reached by a two days climb, one night being spent at the Canadian Pacific Railway hut at the timber line on the slopes of Mt. Rogers. Fifty-seven persons qualified for active membership, of whom about half were ladies. ' A number of other peaks in the neighbourhood were climbed under the auspices of the club, notably Mt. Sir Donald, Mt. Avalanche, Mt. Ursa Major, Castor and Pollux, the Dome, Mt. Afton and Mt. Abbott. ' At the close of the camp some excellent work was done by members who pro- longed their stay in the vicinity; particularly may be mentioned the first ascent of Mt. Tupper by a lady, Miss Jean Parker, of Winnipeg, librarian of the club. ' In addition to actual climbs a number of expeditions were sent out daily from the main camp. The most important were those to the Asulkan Pass, to the Mecille- waet snow-field and to the Selkirk caves in Cougar Creek valley. To facilitate these expeditions auxiliary camps were placed in the Asulkan valley and at the Caves. On the whole there were displayed a vim, energy and an insatiable desire for hard work that exceeded all previous camps. In fact the members simply would not be denied no matter what the difficulties. r ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARE 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 ' Early in the week, while making an ascent of Mt. Avalanche, a deplorable acci- dent occurred resulting in the death of a lady member of a party of climbers. The accident happened through an insufficient appreciation of the dangers of mountain climbing and inattention to the instructions of the guide. While it cast a gloom over the camp, it was fully realized that people who play with mountains carry their lives in their hands, and the programme for the week was continued as arranged. ' The climbing was in charge of competent Swiss guides loaned by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, and hired by the club, and also by members of the Dominion Topographical Survey staff, who had been climbing in the Rocky Mountains for years. 'A word about the club itself : Though little over two years old it is now in its fifth hundred of membership and rapidly increasing. In that membership are not only representatives from all parts of Canada, extending from Halifax to Van- iver, but also from England, Ireland, Scotland, Switzerland, Holland, Australia, South Africa and India; while a full dozen of the United States of America have contributed members. This cosmopolitan membership speaks for the attractiveness of the Alpine regions of the Canadian Rockies. The rapidly increasing membership of the club and the growing popularity of its camps in the mountains show, moreover, that the spirit of mountaineering in Canadians is only latent and needs but the opportunity and knowledge in order to excel. The opportunity is supplied by the club and its activities. This fact is strongly brought out by the reports we hear from time to time of mountains climbed independently of the annual camp by Alpine Club members, unaided by Swiss guides, viz., Crow Nest Mountain, Mt. Stephen, Mt. Edith, Mt. Garibaldi and others; while attempts have been made and are now being made on the highest unconquered peaks of the Main and Selkirk ranges, such as Mt. Robson and Sandford, by way of routes over which Swiss guides have refused to travel. ' The climbing represents the sporting features of the club, but beyond that are influences and interests that are far more important. While the mountaineering features develop and solidify the very best traits of a nation's character: patience, perserverance, courage and skill, the opportunities offered by the Alpine regions to science, art and literature are immense, and it is for development on these lines that the club is now looking, as may be seen by the publication at a very considerable expense of the first two issues of the Canadian Alpine Journal. The current issue for 1908, contains probably as fine a collection of views of the highest peaks of the Canadian Rockies as has yet been gathered in any literary production. ' With the end in view of promoting these features of the club's programme, at the recent meeting at Rogers Pass, a permanent salaried secretary was appointed and provision made for building at an early date a club house at Banff to provide suitable headquarters for the executive.' REVENUE OF THE PARK. The revenue of the Rocky Mountains Park from all sources continues steadily to increase, and at the present time is greatly in excess of what would be required for the actual maintenance and salaries of the park. This would appear to warrant us in asking for a still larger appropriation, as the revenue has increased to a much greater extent than have the appropriations. The opening up of new places of interest and the adding of additional mileage to the roads already built mean the holding of tourists here a correspondingly longer time and increased revenue to the park. Taking the number of tourists as over 32,000, of which over half were from foreign countries, and as each, at a low estimate, spends $75, would go to show what a valuable asset the Rocky Mountains Park is to the Dominion in having the money brought into the country for distribution. The value to the Dominion of the visits of these people as an advertising medium cannot be overestimated. In almost every case they return home delighted with the scenery of the Canadian Rockies, and many of them make investments in Canada 12 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR V 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 and induce others to come as a result of their visit. It is doubtful whether the gov- ernment secures better results in the way of emigration for the money expended than the appropriation to the National Park. BANFF. The village of Banff has made considerable progress in the building line. Besides a number of new business places and private residences, an addition of twenty-five rooms was added to one hotel and a palatial brick hotel of 100 rooms, fitted with all the latest modern improvements, has been erected and also a fine new opera-house, fitted with first-class equipments and up-to-date in every respect. The town is well supplied with churches of all the principal denominations, schools, secret and fraternal societies, athletic and social clubs. Banff has always been considered merely a summer resort, but there is no reason why it should not be made a winter resort as well. Besides the exhilarating air, which makes walking an agreeable pastime, there are a great many other forms of enjoyment ; curling, skating, skieing, ice-boating and other forms of outdoor sports are indulged in to a great extent and thoroughly enjoyed. THE PABLO HERD OF BUFFALO. Acting under your instructions, in June, 1906, I proceeded to Montana to inspect and report on the purity of breed of a large herd of buffalo, which were being offered for sale by Michel Don Pablo, of Missoula. I did so, and found the herd to be entirely pure-bred and the best of their species. It was further reported that this was the last large herd of these animals remaining on the North American continent. In January, 1907, negotiations were opened up with Mr. Pablo for the purchase of his herd, an appropriation having been made by parliament for that purpose. In February I was instructed to proceed again to Montana and purchase the entire herd at the price previously agreed upon; and on February 28 a contract was signed for the purchase of the entire herd, with the exception of 10 head, which were reserved by Mr. Pablo. At that time the owner supposed that he had about 300 buffalo in the mountains, but would only sign the contract for 250. The first shipment was to be made in May, 1907, but on rounding up the herd it was found that there were a great many more than was at first supposed, and it was found impossible to gather all the animals for one shipment. A shipment of 199 head was made from Bavalli, in Montana, at the end of May and the entire number were safely landed in Elk River Park on the line of the Canadian Northern Railway. In September, I again went to Montana and received a further shipment of 204 head, which were placed in the same park as the first shipment. It was then found that there was still a considerable number left, estimated at about 300. These we expect to ship in October, 1908, and place on a reservation east of the Battle River, along the proposed line of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. The increase of the first shipment to the park has been about 60, and the total loss during the first winter in Alberta was only 4. The Dominion government is to be congratulated on securing this herd, and in my negotiations I found considerable opposition from parties who were averse to see- ing these animals leave the American side. In spite of the many obstacles placed in the way of the purchase and sale of the herd I always found Mr. Pablo perfectly up- right in all his dealings, and as soon as he signed the contract he was determined to deliver the entire herd to the Canadian government. In conclusion I may state that this is my last annual report as Superintendent of the Rocky Mountains Park, as on March 31, I was appointed Commissioner of Dominion Parks. During the eleven years since I assumed the office of superintend- ent, I have been extremely careful in the expenditure made of the appropriation for ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 the improvement of Canada's National Park and feel assured that good value has been received for every dollar expended. The work done will bear the closest scrutiny, which goes to show that the money voted by parliament has been judiciously expended. In the management of the park there has been at no time any adverse criticism on the part of visitors or others, or anything to show that the affairs of the park were not supervised and managed in a systematic and efficient manner. Although in the future I shall not exercise the same close relations with the Rocky Mountain Park, having to divide my attention with the other Dominion parks, I shall still have full power as to the general details and outline of the improvements and new work to be carried on. Mr. Hunter, the new superintendent, who previous to his appointment was my assistant for four years, will have charge of the carrying out of the details of the work. I shall, however, still take the same interest in the future progress of the Rocky Mountains Park as in the past, and feel assured that its future development will keep pace with the general growth and development of the Dominion. I desire in giving up the office to acknowledge the loyal support I have always received from the department in the furthering of the work of developing what is one of the most attractive resorts on the continent. It also gives me pleasure to acknowledge the valuable assistance I have at all times received from the employees under me, as well as from the members of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police stationed at different points in the park, through their services in the maintenance of law and order. I am, sir, Your obedient servant, HOWARD DOUGLAS. Statement of Revenue for five years ending December 31, 1907. Rent Timber dues permits ... Quarry permits Water rates Cave and basin . Hot Springs Fines Dog licenses. Livery licenses Peddlers' licenses Pool and billiard licenses. Boat licenses Butcher licenses Hay dues Camping permits Transfer fees Crazing rent Cemetery lots Casual revenue Coal lands Rent coal mined Telephone Ground rent (timber) 1903. S cts. 2,281 83 85 75 1 00 100 00 1,047 50 55 00 212 00 4 00 70 00 ' 2000 305 00 28 00 32 00 100 00 11 00 ,790 00 6,143 08 1904. S cts. 3,921 29 279 59 0 50 1,669 50 105 00 189 00 12 00 121 00 50 00 20 00 7 00 82 00 177 50 5 00 517 59 1,347 49 2,252 50 8,534 46 1905. 8 cts. 4,569 31 631 24 300 00 2,891 75 1,239 00 155 00 323 00 12 00 70 00 30 00 20 00 3 00 6 00 74 00 247 50 29 00 1,295 84 4,236 50 55 00 14,203 14 1906. 8 cts. 4,759 05 3,478 96 30 50 540 00 2,528 50 2,758 75 48 50 198 00 334 00 16 00 30 00 32 00 20 00 16 00 86 00 207 50 20 00 2,307 61 6,563 40 36 71 I!".; § cts. 5,249 01 1,109 92 5 25 386 50 3,285 50 2,966 25 11 00 330 00 563 00 16 00 163 00 25 00 36 00 19 00 64 00 230 00 18 00 20 00 4,236 50 235 00 54 10 21,684 581 25,586 43 14 DEPARTUFXT OF THE INTERIOR v 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Number of visit. g ed a1 the Banff Springs Hotel, from May 15, 1007, to September 30, 190S :— Canada 2,114 United States 3,701 England 296 Australia 67 Scotland 61 India 22 Japan 45 China 34 France 10 Honolulu 13 Ireland 12 New Zealand 20 Switzerland 5 Mexico 3 Norway 2 Ttaly 7 Total 6,412 Number of visitors registered at the Sanitarium Hotel, Banff, from April 1, 1907. to March 31. 190S :— Canada 5,994 United States 1,353 England 147 Scotland 37 Ireland 15 Japan 33 New Zealand 67 Denmark 34 Australia 57 India 6 China 7 Holland 6 Germany 12 Chili.. 2 Italy 2 Switzerland 4 Portugal 8 Korea . . . .• France 8 Austria Philippine Islands 3 Total 7,789 Number of \ mistered at the Hotel King Edward, from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908 :— Canada 3,911 United States 926 England 31 Scotland 11 Ireland 32 v ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 New Zealand -jg Australia jY South Africa 3 Yukon 14 Denmark 2 Germany 29 Austria j j Total. 5,005 Number of visitors registered at the Hot Springs Hydropathic Hotel, from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908 :— Canada , 596 United States 99 England 3 Scotland 2 New Zealand 1 Alaska " 3 Total Y04 Number of visitors registered at the Alberta Hotel, Banff, from April 1 1907 to March 31, 1908 :— Canada 3,960 American j 296 • England " '-£74. Scotland -^4 Ireland g2 Sweden. 15 New Zealand 35 Australia 39 China ^4 India , g South Africa u South' Sea Islands 3 Total 5,718 Number of visitors registered at the Grand View Villa, Banff, from April 1 1907 to March 31, 1908 :— Canada ggf United States 434 England jg Japan 3 India 4 Ireland 3 China. 3 Scotland 4 Australia 5 Switzerland. 2 16 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR t 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 New Zealand 6 China 2 Total 1,081 SUMMARY. Banff Springs Hotel 6,412 Sanitarium 7,789 Hotel King Edward. .• 5,005 Hot Springs Hydropathic Hotel 704 Alberta Hotel < 5,718 Grand View Villa 1,081 Park Hotel 1,450 Excursionists not registered ■ 2,550 Cottagers 1,500 Total. 32,209 Number of bathers at the Cave and Basin, from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908: Canada i 4,085 England 205 Scotland. . . 85 Ireland 4 New Zealand 41 South Africa 19 India 2 Ceylon ' 2 Honolulu 6 United States 3,200 Mexico 4 Bermuda 2 China 22 Japan 13 France 1,0 Germany 15 Sweden 5 Switzerland ■ 2 Spain 1 Total 7,729 Number of bathers at the Upper Hot Springs, from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908 :— Canada and United States 12,026 Newfoundland. . 2 England 101 Scotland 43 Ireland 18 Australia 36 South Africa 2 India 2 Hawaiian Islands 2 v ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Germany 2 China 2 Japan 4 Denmark 9 Total 12,249 Number of visitors registered at the Chalet, Lake Louise? Laggan, from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908 :— United States 3,412 Canada 1,302 England 301 Scotland 30 Ireland 12 Japan _. 3 Eussia - 8 France 6 Cuba 8 Australia 20 India 5 Holland 5 China 15 New Zealand 10 Honolulu 3 Denmark 3 Jamaica 3 Germany i 10 Poland ■ . . 2 South America 1 Sweden 1 Switzerland 3 Africa 4 Italy i 6 Alaska 2 Belgium 3 South Ancholia 2 Hawaii 4 Total 5,184 List of visitors at the Mount Stephen House, Field, April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908 :— United States 1,376 Canada 1,497 British Isles. .• 243 Australia 42 New Zealand 39 Germany 10 India i . • 9 Japan i 12 China 9 South America 5 25— v— 2 18 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR v 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 France 4 Switzerland 3 Hungary 3 Hawaii 3 South Africa 2 Holland 2 Italy 2 Denmark 1 Jamaica 1 Sweden 1 Tasmania 1 Belgium 1 Total 3,266 MUSEUM. REPORT OF THE CURATOR. The number of visitors was over 8,000; and as many do not register, this will likely be a low estimate. Additions. — The following specimens have been added to the collection during the past year : A full-sized specimen of the elk, with a few smaller mammals and birds, collected by myself. A collection of several kinds of insects has been started, the arrangement of which kept me busy during the winter, while the summer was occupied in collecting as time allowed. Donations. — Donations and. loans if suitable will be thankfully received. Improvements. — During the winter and spring I made an improvement in the exhibits of minerals by placing the name on the specimen itself instead of on a card ; also making an improvement in the naming of the Indian curios. Ways of making a first-class museum are discernible and will be carried out as time and money at my disposal will allow. N. B. SANSON, Curator. v ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Visitors to the Museum from July 1, 1907, to June 30, 1908, inclusive — Canada 5,754 Yukon Territory ; 21 Newfoundland 3 United States . . 1,571 England 326 Scotland 116 Ireland 39 South Wales 4 Wales 4 Isle of Man 1 Channel Islands 1 Australia 66 New South Wales 10 New Zealand . 49 South Africa 8 Zululand 1 Orange River Colony 1 Germany , 21 The Hague 1 Holland i 6 Belgium 4 China 18 Thibet 1 Italy 9 India 8 France 8 Bermuda, W.I 7 Jamaica, W.I 1 Manilla, Philippines 5 Norway 5 Samoan Islands 5 Austria • 4 Japan 4 Sweden 4 Galicia. 3 Russia i ,3 South America > 2 Venezuela 1 Hawaiian Islands . 2 Switzerland 2 Denmark 2 Upper Congo, Central Africa 1 Finland .....„'. 1 Ceylon 1 Servia 1 Total 8,105 20 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 METEOROLOGICAL TABLES. ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK. Maximum aud Minimum Temperatures and the General State of the Weather between July 1, 1907, and June 30, 1908. Date. 1907 July Aug. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. IB 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. L'l 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. in 11. 12. L3 l I 15 1G. 17 18 19 20 Thermometer Readings. Maximum. 6 a.m. 6 p.m 58 2 604 663 589 51-8 562 60 2 672 66 0 67 0 63 5 712 532 588 570 532 .7.1 ■ 9 66 2 59'9 74 -2 510 640 53.5 57 6 62 0 67-8 66 8 71.1 73.6 695 65' 0 702 602 720 599 58-5 498 469 573 .-,17 440 548 47 5 59 6 63 2 471 51 8 41-0 49 3 53 3 656 696 691 562 607 65 4 713 72-4 764 78-5 754 66 0 64 3 65-6 618 68 3 694 72 9 77-5 64-5 70 3 702 72 9 63 9 74 0 69 5 76-5 802 77-7 81 0 810 77-0 79 5 75 'i 627 56.3 47 1 613 590 43 7 58'3 61 1 63 2 67 4 57-8 613 63 9 49 2 51 0 59 '2 65 5 Minimum. 6 a.m. 6 p.m. 436 464 401 48-4 466 426 347 389 426 416 462 41 2 393 414 43 9 36 9 44 -9 373 374 43.3 439 49 8 38 3 42 '2 38 7 44 S 40'7 405 42 4 50'8 443 IS 1 422 49 '7 41'9 43'8 340 13 8 464 420 30 4 42 2 33 2 344 453 46-8 438 46 0 32 7 327 30 ■' Weather. 4'i 48 40 40 47 45 35 39 43 41 46 42 39 42 43 37 45 35 38 44 44 50 38 41 38 47 41 in 13 50 44 17 42 58 12 12 34 11 46 40 35 42 33 33 (6 47 45 ■in 33 32 30 Cloudy. Fair ; squally wind. Cloudy ; lightning. Cloudy ; thunderstorm ; squally wind. Cloudy. Fair. Fair; Epildbium angustifoli mm out. Fair ; fine sunset; perfect weather. Fair. Fair ; thunder ; rain but not much. Fair : thunder and lightning ; very little rain. Cloudy. Cloudy ; very litle insect life about for days. Cloudy ; drizzle. Cloudy ; rain. rain ; heavy dewfall. F'air. Fair ; thunder. Fair. Cloudy ; thunderstorm ; fog. Cloudy; thunder; heavy rain. Cloudy : thunderstorm. Cloudy : thunderstorm. Cloudy ; thunder. Fair ; tine day. Cloudy ; rain ; thunder. Fair ; fine day. Fair; asters flowering. Fair : thunder anil lightning but no rain ; Fair ; ram ; thunder. Fair ; thunderstorm but little rain. Fair ; thunderstorm. Cloudy ; thunder. Cloudy ; thunder ; little. rain. Cloudy ; rainbow. Cloudy ; rain. Cloudy ; rain. i lloudy. Cloudy ; rain. Cloudy ; rain ; fog. Cloudy ; rain. Fair. Cloudy ; rain. j ; rainbow. Cloudy. Cloudy ; rain. I Jloudy. Fair. Fair. fine sunset. v ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Maximum and Minimum Temperatures, &c. — Continued. Thermometer Readings. Weather. Date. Maximum. Mini num. 6 a.m. 6 p.m. 6 a.m. 6 p.m. 1907. 0 . = ■ • ' Aug. 21.... 61 0 674 350 348 Fair. .. 22.... 63 0 67 5 53 2 53 5 Cloudy. ,. 23.... 62 2 74 7 43 5 43 H Fair ; fine day. .. 24 ... . 70 5 76 ■_' 41 5 4ii 8 Fair; thunder and lightning ; no rain. ■■ 25... 72 1 54 4 52 5 51 8 Cloudy ; rain. .. 26.... 54 3 50 1 47 5 46 1 Cloudy ; rain. .. 27.... 49 ii 49 3 41 2 40 6 Cloudy ; rain. .. 28.... 45 9 59 0 34 -1 34 7 Fair. .. 29.... 53 3 58 9 50 2 44 4 Cloudy ; rain ; rainbow. ,. 30.... 44 3 56 1 36 4 36 2 Fair : aurora. .. 31.... 53 8 66 0 30 5 30 2 Fair ; fine day ; rainbow. Sept. 1.... 62 2 74 3 31 9 31 7 Fair ; rainbow ; sheet lightning. 2.... 66 2 71 1 39 9 40 1 Fair ; thunder ; fine day. 3.... 59 5 44 8 42 8 41 6 Cloudy ; heavy rain ; thunder and lightning. 4.... 44 s 64 4 35 4 34 8 Fair ; fine day. 5... 60 2 63 5 31 ii 34 6 Fair ; sheet lightning. 6.... 61 Ii 62 4 48 5 47 2 Cloudy ; light rain. 7.... 56 2 62 12 32 8 32 7 Fair. 8.... 55 8 72 4 44 7 43 7 Fair. 9.... 68 2 74 0 40 5 39 8 Fair. .i 10.... 68 4 44 8 44 6 32 8 Cloudy ; rain and snow; thunder and lightning. .. 11.... 34 3 33 2 29 8 28 9 Cloudy ; snow ; 5 inches snow on ground. m 12.... 32 0 36 9 28 2 27 3 Cloudy ; light snow and rain. ., 13.... 36 0 46 6 24 0 23 2 Cloudy ; no snow on ground. .. 14.... ' O f 41 2 38 0 34 3 Cloudy ; rain and snow. .. 16.... 35 6 37 2 31 8 31 S Cloudy ; snow ; about 1 foot of snow on mountains. ,. 16.... 30 8 52 8 32 3 32 2 Cloudy ; snow and rain. 17.... 44 8 50 4 37 8 38 2 Cloudy. ., 18.... 46 0 49 8 29 3 29 ■> Cloudy. ,, lit... 44 8 54 7 38 3 38 8 Cloudy. M 20 . 49 8 57 ii 43 3 44 1 Cloudy ; fine sunset. 21.... 51 3 58 8 30 ii 30 2 Fair ; fine sunrise. 22 ... 55 3 66 4 47 5 51 0 Fair ; fine day. M 61 3 64 9 55 4 51 3 Fair ; fine day, . 24 .. 54 3 63 4 30 4 30 2 Fair; fine sunrise ; fine day. 25 56 8 58 0 34 ii 33 9 Fair ; fine sunset ; fine day. 26. . 52 4 67 4 33 2 32 4 Fair : tine sunrise and sunset ; fine day. .. 27 57 0 47 8 33 7 35 1 Cloudy ; rain. .. 28.... 42 0 52 0 38 3 37 6 Cloudy ; fine sunrise. .. 29... 47 3 57 3 32 II 31 3 Fair. .. 30.. 54 0 60 3 44 2 45 7 Fair : fine sunrise. Oct. 1. . . . 56 0 45 1 44 8 35 8 Cloudy ; rain and snow. 2.... 36 0 46 8 32 6 32 2 Fair. 3.... 44 4 51 0 33 7 37 8 Cloudy. 4.... 50 0 60 3 46 3 45 2 Cloudy ; fine sunrise. :>.... 58 1 58 1 45 0 45 8 Cloudy ; fine sunset. 6.... 50 8 61 3 39 7 37 6 Fair ; fine day. 7.... 48 2 58 5 35 0 35 6 Fair ; fine day. 8.... 53 8 56 9 33 3 29 3 Fair; fine sunset ; fine day. 9.... 51 3 63 1 31 8 30 1 Fair ; fine sunrise and sunset ; fine day. M 10.... 55 8 63 4 28 6 28 3 Fair ; fine day. M 11 ... 57 1 67 8 26 9 25 9 Fair ; fine day. „ 12.... 51 0 65 6 29 5 28 8 Fair ; parhelia ; fine dav. .. 13.... 56 2 57 2 36 8 34 8 Fair. .. 14... 16 2 61 2 32 6 33 3 Fair ; fine sunrise and sunset. „ 15 ... 56 7 60 2 51 3 48 3 Fair ; very squally wind. ,. 36.... 56 2 57 3 49 3 41 6 Fair; fine sunset ; very squally wind. „ 17 . . 41 7 53 8 22 4 20 7 Fair ; fine sunset. .. 18.... 41 2 60 3 30 4 31 4 Fair ; fine sunrise and sunset. „ 19.... 47 3 56 2 26 1 25 2 Fair ; beautiful weather for several days past. „ 20... 42 0 61 0 29 2 29 7 Fair. >i 21.... 57 2 62 5 47 8 12 9 Fair. 22 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR v 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Maximum and Minimum Temperatures, &c. — Continued. Thermometer Readings. Date, Maxii 6 a.m. mm. 6 p.m. Minimum. Weather. 6 a.m. 6 p.m. 1907. 0 0 - 0 Oct. 22 ... 520 60-4 32 3 324 Fair. ., 23.... 58-0 573 41 9 39 3 Fair ; light rain. ii 24.... 432 50 '7 22'9 21 7 Fair. ., 25.... 38 0 56 3 31 5 38 0 Cloudy. .. 26.... 51 0 52 5 26 4 23 9 Fair. .. 27.... 43 0 .v. B 300 27 9 iFair ; fine sunset ; fine day. .. 28.... III s 54 9 21 8 23 9 Fair ; fine daw .. 29.... 39 8 544 287 36 7 Cloudy ; fine sunrise. .. 30.... 46 1 39 0 369 34 1 Cloudy ; rain. .. 31.... 352 404 302 30 2 Cloudy ; squally wind. Nov. 1 . . . . 38 0 44S 325 28 1 Fair ; fine sunrise. 2.... 411 38'7 332 31 2 Cloudy ; rain and snov wind. 3.... 81-8 37 7 30 2 28 11 Cloudy; squally wind ; snowbirds. 4.... 389 442 37 '2 3S 2 Cloudy. 5.... 43 3 477 37 9 41 3 Cloudy. 6... 45 0 44 8 43 4 29 9 Cloudy : rain and snow. ■• 7 . . . 30 2 37 8 230 24 7 Fair ; thaw. 8.... 34 2 43-8 30 2 30 s Fair; thaw ; fine sunset. 9. ... 370 370 263 25 '.1 1 lloudy : tin. -unset. .. 10... 34'2 383 238 21 3 Fair ; fine sunset. .. 11.... 300 43 2 197 18 2 Fair ; fine Bunset ; fine day. .. 12 312 35 7 20 1 17 rudy : liglit snow : skating. .. 13... 340 33 2 23 7 23 9 Cloudy. „ 14.... 317 36 3 22 1 20 1 Fair : tine day. .. 15.... 334 39 7 204 19 8 Fair : fine day. .. 16 .. 37 6 377 348 31 8 Cloudy. .. 17.... 32 n 33 7 198 16 7 Fur; fine day : fine sunrise. " 18 .. 30 2 35 0 18 7 18 7 1 lloudy ; tine sunset ; squally wind. .. in.... 37 7 34 7 30 3 29 3 Cloudy. .. 20.... 32 2 34 3 250 26 8 Cloudy. .. 21.... 32 0 356 268 27 0 Cloudy : squally wind. .. 22... 35 1 366 32 K 27 2 1 lloudy : mi iw. „ 23.... 27 3 300 23 2 23 ■ i.idy : snow Hurries. .. 24. . . . 25-8 313 20 1: 20 iudy. .. 25 . . . 290 27 8 2" 2 14 7 Cloudy ; light snow. .. 26.... 34 8 32 2 23 6 25 1 Clou „ 27... 26 0 22 7 13 8 8 0 Fair ; river partly frozen over ; fine day. .. 28.... 222 29-7 is 1 21 8 Cloudy ; light snow. .. 29 ... 372 41 4 27 1 35 2 Cloudy ; light rain ; thaw. „ 30 40 2 42 2 370 33 2 Fair ; thaw. Dec 1.... 418 39 'I 35-5 28 2 Fair : tint- sunrise and sunset. 2 35 2 38 1 27 9 27 2 Fair; tine sunset. 3'": 35 0 40 4 2111 29 1 Fair. 4 ... 38 '7 452 31 3 30 8 Fair. ."> 43 2 37 7 36 0 29 '.1 Cloudy; very squally wind. 6... 30 3 321 27 s 27 6 Fair. 7 ... 292 29 2 15 8 14 9 Cloudy. 8 272 188 6 2 — 1 3 Fair ; tine day 9 ... 21 2 29 3 7 2 21 0 Fair ; line sunset. .. 1" 272 28 3 23 0 17 4 Cloudy. .. 11 . 282 :::( 1 17 0 19 5 .. 12 . 32 0 33 1 ! 25 8 Fair ; thaw. .. 13 . . 26 2 21 8 1.-. s is. 11 1 lloudy ; snow ; first sleighing. H ... 248 24 3 17 '.1 15 S ( lloudy ; from 3 to 5 in. snow on ground. .. 15 ... 190 is s 6 1 In ■:, Cloi .. Hi ... 17 :; 3 8 1 2 Fair ; Hue Bunsi 1 : tine day. ,. 17.... 12 0 100 —4 1 0 6 Fair ; very squally wind. •• 18 ... 80 n. 8 -27 —3 0 Fair : fine sunset : squally wind. 19 10 2 100 —02 —2 7 Fair : squally wind. „ 20 ... 13-7 21 0 8'2 10 9 Fair ; very squally wind. .. 21 ... 262 309 189 22 6 ICloudy. ., 22.... 30 7 : 280 25 9 Cloudy ; light snow ; squally wind. v ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Maximum and Minimum Temperatures, P%^£ S>* jtffe [ |P i^^ jflB^ ■ -i^Ka -^fcr % fS /^fll » 1B&!*:-s4 ^jflR; £31 l^£ t^V^TJ *V |^ J^- -v. \ 13. — Drias octopetala, found generally throughout the Rockies during July and August. 14. -Calypso bulbosa.— This orchid, the most beautiful of all orchids in the Rockies, is found in densely grown forests. Blooming early ill June, it is seldom seen in perfection by botanists or tourists. With its deep crimson and yellow splotched pouch and magenta wings it is easily found by lovers of flowers in the soft, green, mossy beds beneath the pines. 25— v— 5 Head gates Banff Waterworks 25— v— 54 Yolio Falls into Kicking Hurse. The Hoodoos three miles from Leanchoil. 25— v— (i 25— v— 6J Twin Peaks Canyon, Yoho Valley. If?'- ■^*™Sff'S(' 1 P'M^-4 ^** V- f /'I* .>SF^ **' Mount Ball, near Banff. (Altitude 10,900 ft.) .2 >. J5 j» Oj3 Ho CO o Aspen Avenue, Banff. 25- v— 7 be C3 o Members of the Canadian Alpine Club returning from a successful climb of Mount Rogers. 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 A. 1909 P\ART VI YUKON TERRITORY 25— vi— 1 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 A. 1909 YUKON TERRITORY Commissioner's Office, Yukon Territory, Dawson, Y.T., April 15, 1908. The Hon. Frank Oliver, Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the report of the Yukon Territory for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1908. GOLD PRODUCTION. The gold production in the Territory, as taken from the returns in the comp- troller's office for the year ending March 31, 1908, was 189,011-86 ounces, which, at .$15 per ounce — which is the valuation for royalty purposes — would amount to $2,820,161.60. This is the lowest output in the history of the Territory, since 1898, and is due mainly to the fact that a considerable number of the claims on Hunker, Bonanza and Eldorado creeks were not worked during the year, having been acquired by the Yukon Gold Company for dredging and hydraulicking purposes. DREDGING. The Yukon Gold Company has installed three large dredges on Lower Bonanza, one on No. 90 below and two on No. 101-A below Discovery, which were worked during the greater part of the season, of 1907, but owing to encountering frozen ground the work was not as extensive as was anticipated in the early part of the season. Another dredge has been constructed on No. 90 below Discovery on Bonanza creek, and will be operated as soon as the season opens. This company is also con- structing three dredges on Hunker creek, which it is expected will be working this season. In connection with the construction of ditches and flumes by this company, 17 miles of ditching have been completed and about 4 miles of flume; the remainder of the flume is ready to be put in as soon as the weather permits, the foundations being already prepared. There is also 12J miles of piping on the ground ready to be put together. The syphon, which will be used to convey the water across the Klondike valley, is all in position to be assembled, and has a capacity of 5,000 inches, being 49 inches inside diameter and 15,760 feet long. The hydraulic electric transmission plant on the Twelvemile river is completed, and power wiil be supplied to all the gold-bearing creeks within the Dawson mining district for the company's several works, such as dredges, electric lifts, &c. Three electric lifts have been constructed by this company on Bonanza creek, and will be used this summer. The dam, which has been under construction at No. 57 above Discovery on Bonanza creek, is now completed, and will store 350,000,000 gallons of water; this water is to be used for hydraulicking the bench gravels on Bonanza creek, enabling the ground to be worked daring the dry season, usually the months of June, July and August. There ,are two ditches, each of 1,000 inches capacity, conducting the water from this dam down Bonanza creek, which will supply two large hydraulic plants; it will also be used in connection with the electric lifts in the creek bottoms. 25— vi— 1J 4 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR vi 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 a company expect? to have all its works completed and to be in a position to undertake active operations during the season of 1909. The Canadian Klondike Mining Company is still operating in the Klondike River valley at a point near the mouth of Bear creek. This dredge has an average capacity of 2,800 cubic yards per day of 2-1 hours, and during the season of 1907 was in opera- tion for 167 days. The dredge belonging to the Bonanza Basin Gold Dredging Company was entirly remodelled last year, the motive power having been changed from steam to electric power. The Lewes River Dredging Company operated on Discovery claim on Bonanza creek, but has sii.ee been removed to No. 6 below Discovery, and will continue there during the present season. The dredge which has been operated in the submerged bed of the Klondike river has been removed to Indian river, and is being operated there by the Indian River Gold Mining and Development Company, Limited. The Fortymile Dredging Company operated a dredge last season in the submerged bed of that river, and material to remodel this dredge is now being freighted there. Another dredge has been ordered by this company from San Francisco, and is expected to be delivered during the summer of 1908. The submerged leaseholds owned by Wm. Ogilvie and others on the Stewart river have not been worked for several seasons, but a new company has been formed, viz. : The Yukon Basin Gold Dredging Company, capitalized at $20,000,000. A dredge is now being constructed at Whitehorse and will be taken down the Yukon river to these leaseholds as soon as completed. The company contemplates constructing during the present season another dredge to operate on the Stewart river. INDIVIDUAL MINIM:. Individual mining operations have been carried on at Granville on Lower Dom- inion, and on Sulphur, Quartz and Eureka creeks, with, it is understood, good results. New discoveries were made on Blackhills creek, and on Little Blanche, a tributary of Quartz. Blackhills is a tribxitary of the Stewart river, and is situated in the Dawson mining district. Two hundred and fifty-two creek and 100 hillside claims have been staked, and about fifty claims on its tributaries. There are about fifty individual plants operating on this creek, and the prospects for a good clean-up in the spring are excellent. Quite a considerable amount of work was done in placer mining in the Salmon River district, principally on Livingstone creek. There are about 125 men working iu that district. There has been increased activity in the southern end of the Territory in copper and quartz. Last season's development work has disclosed greater ore bodies than even the most sanguine operators anticipated. The White Pass Railway Company contemplates building a spur line to some properties near Whitehorse, and has also -erected ore bunkers at Skagway to facilitate the handling of ore. YUKON COUNCIL. The Yukon Council met on August 8, 1907, and prorogued on August 30, 1907- Fourteen ordinances were passed in connection with the local administration, and other necessary business transacted. A committee on mining was appointed by the Council and instructed to make such representations as to amendments to the Yukon Placer Mining Act and the Quartz Regulations as were deemed advisable. These Tecommendations have been forwarded to you. and it is satisfactory to note that a Bill ■embodying many of the proposed amendments has been presented to parliament. One vi YUE02? TERRITORY 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 of the most important amendments to the local ordinance was the repeal of the section licensing music halls. The passing of this amendment has led to the abolition of dance-halls in the Territory. The revenue of the Territory for the nine months ending March 31 was $332,- 846.72, and the expenditure $338,755.10. SCHOOLS. The schools have been maintained during the past year in a very high state of efficiency, and the results obtained have given the highest satisfaction to the people of the Territory. ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE. The Territory during the past year has been remarkably free from crime of a serious nature. This condition I have no doubt is due to a large extent to the law- abiding spirit pervading the people of this Territory, but I do not wish to detract in this regard from the great credit due to the highly satisfactory administration of justice and the activity and devotion to duty of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police under the able supervision of the Assistant Commissioner. Major Wood. GENERAL. The people of this Territory have been hopefully looking forward to the probability of railway connection with the other parts of this Dominion, and any proposal to secure connection either by an extension of the Klondike Mines Railway, which extension is now contemplated, or some other satisfactory connection, would be eagerly welcomed. It is confidently believed that such railway connection would open up vast areas of agricultural, coal and mineral lands and afford opportunities to a large population. The same spirit of optimism which has hitherto prevailed, still exists among the people of this Territory. I have to bear testimony to the efficient service rendered by all the officials of the different departments of government in the Territory. Reports from the Comptroller, Gold Commissioner, Crown Timber and Land Agent, Director of Surveys, Government Mining Engineer, are herewith inclosed. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, ALEXANDER HENDERSON, . Commissioner. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR vi 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 No. 1. REPORT OF THE ACTIXG COMPTROLLER. Department of the Interior, Comptroller's Office, Dawson, Y.T., April 10, 1908. The Hon. Alexander Henderson, Commissioner of Yukon Territory, Dawson. Sir. — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ending March 31, 1908. The expenditure under the vote ' Administration of the Yukon,' through the Department of the Interior, disbursed through my office, was $145,912.56; statements with vouchers being forwarded to the department at the end of each month. The expenditure on account of Department of the Interior "subsidy to river' steamers,' being amount? paid to steamers for making trips on rivers not usually travelled, to assist prospectors and miners in getting in their supplies, amounted to $6,061.7."). The local revenues and expenditures of the Yukon Territory from July 1. the beginning of its fiscal year, to March 31. 1908. were: revenue, $332,846.72; expenditure. $338,755.10. administered through my office; quarterly statements with vouchers being- sent to the Auditor General as required by order in council. 1 attach a copy of the balance sheet on March 31, 1908. The disbursement on account of the Department of Justice was $25,822.60, fPr services in connection with this Territory; monthly statements being forwarded, witli vouchers. The expenditure on account of the Department of Indian Affair? for the relief of sick and destitute Indians, &c, was $7,400.19. The expenditure on account of the Department of Public Works ' buildings,' has been managed through the Superintendent of Public Works and the Comptroller: the expenditure was $69,935.33. The expenditure on account of the Department of Public Works ' river improve- ments vote,' amounted to $6,768.09. The royalty collected in the Territory amounted to $70,511.20; collected at Daw- son, $69,011.30: Whitehorse, $1,493.10. and Fortymile, 75 cent-. The receipts from free certificates issued to exporters of gold from Alaska were $156.50. Revenue from both these sources was forwarded to the credit of the Receiver General, drafts being sent to the department weekly and statements at the end of each month. The revenue from the sale of Yukon Territorial Court law stamps was $3,750.95; from Mining Court stamps to January 01. 1908, $27-. 25; drafts and statements being sent to the Department of Inland Revenue. As the Gold Commissioner's Court was abolished, the Mining Court stamps on hand were returned to the Department of Inland Revenue on February 24. 1908. Monthly statements of the revenue received in the office of the Gold Commissioner and Crown Timber and Land Agent have been cheeked each month as formerly, and the returns forwarded to the department. The suspense account in the Gold Com- missioner's office has been checked and the cheques countersigned in payment of the vouchers. vi YUKON TERRITORY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 As the management of the city of Dawson wa-„ transferred to the government of the Yukon Territory, the revenue and expenditure on that account have been put through the local revenues of the Yukon Territory instead of being kept separately as formerly, and vouchers for the city of Dawson have been sent to the Auditor General's department in the same way as the other services of the Yukon Territory. In the balance sheet inclosed there are two groups: group one representing the revenue and expenditure of the Yukon Territory, and group two representing the revenue and expenditure of the city of Dawson. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, g. i. Mclean, Acting Comptroller. TRIAL BALANCE, GOVERNMENT YUKON TERRITORY, MARCH 31, 1908. Appropria- tion. Dr. Expendi- ture. 8 cts. 4,000 00 a O a a o u o d a 3 O S cts. 3,660 00 7,365 98 17,176 60 946 60 3,781 86 600 00 36,283 45 23,722 97 2,603 38 3,325 00 152,146 66 5,127 01 1,184 45 5,997 36 20,954 80 35.314 80 8,527 17 2,542 50 374 86 1,351 50 653 20 1 , 575 00 3,539 95 7,777 32 8,050 00 23,900 00 1,750 00 5,000 00 900 00 56,515 00 34,000 00 5,000 00 4,300 00 143,785 00 7,000 00 1,800 00 10,000 00 50,126 00 10,000 00 2,500 00 1 ,000 00 » 2,000 00 1,500 00 2,100 00 4,760 00 Cr. 346,532 42 Estimated Revenue. Revenue Received. □ O a 3 o E o 3H 13,685 70 44,938 58 48,155 37 75,000 00 93,750 00 16,624 70 45.000 00 45,000 00 100,000 00 125,000 00 15,000 00 24,000 00 50,000 00 53,048 57 1,329 50 5,000 00 346,532 42 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR vl 8-9 EDWARD VI!., A. 1909 No. 2. REPORT OF THE ACTING GOLD COMMISSIONER. Office of the Gold Commissioner of the Yukon Territory. Dawson, T.T., April 13, 1908. The Hon. Alexander Henderson, Commissioner of the Yukon Territory, Dawson, Y.T. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith the annual report of the Gold Com- missioner's office for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1908. The financial statement hereto attached, in addition to showing the receipts from the different branches of the office, gives a statement comparing the receipts of the fiscal year in question with the previous year. The total receipts amount to $121,246. As you will notice by the comparative statement, this is an increase of revenue over 'the previous fiscal year of $16,197.70. In making the comparison it must be remembered that the previous fiscal year was only nine months in length of time; however, I find that the revenue for the present year in question is $682. 74r more than the fiscal year ending June 30, 1906. It will be noted in the comparative statement tha.t there is a large decrease of revenue this year in the issue of free miners' certificates, owing to the fact that free miners' certificates were done away with when the Placer Mining Act came into force. In the face of this source of revenue being cut off, the total revenue for the year should be considered satisfactory. Hereto attached will be found a statement compiled by the Mining Recorder, giving the number of locations and relocations on each creek in the Dawson district, showing what portions of each are creek, hill, bench, river or bar claims. During the year 1,397 new locations were recorded and 587 relocations of claims that had expired. Hereto attached will also be found a statement compiled by the Mining Engineer, in which will be found a list of creeks upon which active mining operations are being carried on ; the number of claims on each creek in which mining operations are being carried on; a general statement as to the mining operations in the territory; as to new discoveries; as to the influence of new mining methods; as to coal and as to wood. These statements are carefully compiled and are accurate. Individual mining operations by what is known as the ordinary mining methods are now confined almost altogether to lower Dominion creek, in the vicinity of Gran- ville, and to Quartz creek, and as 'time goes on will diminish, as the pay gravel that can be worked profitably in this way is coming to an end. I am of the opinion that in the near future mining operations will be confined practically altogether to hydraulieking and dredging. When the Yukon Gold Company have completed their ditch from Twelvemile, and when this company,, with the other companies that contemplate bringing dredges into the country have installed their plants, there is every reason to believe that there will be a considerable increase in the annual output of gold in this Territory. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, E. C. SENKLER, Acting Qold Commissioner. vi YUKON TERRITORY . SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20 Financial Statement of the Gold Commissioner's Office from April 1, 1907, to March 81, 1908. RECEIPTS. To free miners' certificates $ 71 25 Placer — To grants $ 13.9S0 00 Renewals 68,319 00 Relocations 5,870 00 Registered documents 12,356 00 Abstracts 59 00 100,584 00 Quartz — To records $ 2,590 00 Certificates of work 747 50 Certificates of partnership* 65 00 Registered documents 660 00 Lieu of assessment 200 00 Certificate of improvements 27 50 Acreage 459 60 Abstracts 2 50 4,752 10 Sundry Accounts — To water grants $ 1.225 00 Advance deposit 1,907 98 Hydraulics 3,464 67 ■ 6,597 65 Duncan— To placer grants $ 1,150 00 Renewals 3,606 00 Relocations 1,070 00 Registered documents ■ 745 00 Quartz grants 5 00 Quartz certificates of partnership .... 2 00 Quartz registered documents 5 00 Water grants 25 00 6,608 00 Sixtymile — To placer grants $ 50 00 Renewals 2,010 00 Relocations 220 00 Registered documents 343 00 Quartz records 10 00 2,633 00 Total $121,246 00 DISBURSEMENTS. •By Receiver General $ 119,140 52 Gold Commissioner's suspenso account. . 197 50 Balance account 1,907 98 $121,246 00 10 DEPARTMENT OE THE INTERIOR vi 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 COMPARATIVE STATEMENTS. Returns Gold Commissioner's Office. Year ending March 31, 1907. Year ending March 31, 1908. Increase 1908. Decrease 1908. Free Miners' Certificates Placer Grants Renewals Relocations Registered Documents (Placer) Certificate of Partnership Certificate of Work Abstracts Amended Applications Water Grants Hydraulics Quartz Records Quartz Registered Documents Quartz Certificate of Work Quartz Certificate of Partnership. . . . Quartz Lieu of Assessment Quartz Certificate of Improvements. Quartz Acreage Quartz Abstracts Advance Deposits Net Increase. I 10 19, 44 Hi 9 S cts. 999 25 630 00 115 00 200 00 891 50 310 00 556 00 74 75 30 00 140 00 764 50 125 001 387 50' 467 50 35 00 100 00 60 00 ,254 32 S cts. 71 25, 15,180 00 73,935 001 7,160 00! 13,444 00 $ cts. 29,820 00 's^'sO 59 00 1,907 98 1 , 250 00; 3.464 67 2,605 00 665 00 747 50 67 00 200 00 27 50 459 60 2 50 1,907 98 105,048 30 121,246 00 110 00 1,700 17 1,480 00 277 50 280 00 32 00 100 00 2 50 S cts. 10,928 00 4,450 00 3,040 00 310 00 1,556 00 15,75 30 00 32 50 794 72 37,354 67 16,197 70 21,156 97 vi TUKOX TERRITORY 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 12 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERWR vi 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 LOCATIONS DAWSON DISTRICT YEAR ENDING AtARCH 31, 1908. Locations. Relocations. Name of Creek. CreekB. Hills and Benches. Rivers. Bars. Creeks. Hills and Benches. Rivers. Bars. 13 15 27 22 13 27 16 11 46 16 308 55 16 3 30 77 99 23 29 4 13 Fall Creek, 40-Mile River 40 2 42 25 2 1 1 28 44 98 13 42 26 11 52 All Gold.. . 42 6 40 10 195 63 5 11 11 1 Black Hills Creek.. 36 22 24 17 39 1 12 Gold Run Creek. . 2 8 9 4 13 2 6 16 33 19 1 32 13 1 729 241 410 17 390 173 24 1,397 Locations. Among these were many so-called discoveries, but in reality are only first locations on abandoned creeks. Also, 587 Relocations during the year. vi 7UK0X TERRITORY 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 No. 3. REPORT OF THE MINING ENGINEER ON MINING OPERATIONS IN THE YUKON TERRITORY FOR THE YEAR 1907-1908. During the last year much grouping has been done whereby a large number of placer mining claims are being operated with one plant. Although the number of operations has decreased the scale of the work has materially increased. You will notice, in another part of this report, tha(t there are 22 separate operations conducted on the hills of Bonanza creek. This does not mean that there are only 22 claims in operation, but that each operation is a plant of large magnitude operating on a group of placer claims ranging from 10 to 100 in number. This arrangement has been found necessary to work the many claims already worked by the placer mining methods at a profit; this practice has been general on all the large gold-bearing streams situa,ted within the Dawson mining district. The hydraulicking and dredging methods are the two large scale methods of mining in vogue in this Territory. The former is applicable to hillside diggings, while the latter is confined to valleys and creek bottoms. As either of these large methods requires large ajeas of ground to justify the installation of a large plant, it is obvious that its application is only feasible when a large number of placer mining claims can be grouped together. The individual mining operations are confined to the lower parts of Dominion and Sulphur creeks ; the whole of Quartz and Black Hills creeks. The individual mining operations on Bonanza, Eldorado and Hunker creeks are nearly at an end, the whole being rapidly absorbed into groups of claims upon which large plants are being installed. According to the regulations the work done on a claim outside its boundaries, with intent to work said claim, i; deemed work on that claim. This privilege caused the la.rgest portion of the principal gold-bearing creeks to remain idle until the large installations which are now in progress are completed. From the present outlook it appears to me that the same condition will prevail for one more year, after which an increase of output can be expected. NEW DISCOVERIES. Two new discoveries were made during the last year, viz. : one on Little Blanche creek and the other on Black Hills creek. It was not surprising to find pay on the benches of Little Blanche creek, as pay had already been found in the immediate vicinity; the chief importance lies in the fact that it was situated within the limits of an hydraulic concession which was lately cancelled by the Department of the Interior for non-representation, and had it not been opened to the public it is possible that this pay would not have been found for a long time to come. The other discovery, on Black Hills creek, is by far the more important, as it opens up a part of the Stewart river district which has lain dormant for the last seven years. This stream, a distance of CO miles from Dawson, is a tributary of the Stewart river, entering it at a point, on its right limit, 35 miles above its mouth. All supplies are freighted over the snow at a cost of four cents per pound ; any freight needed during the summer months will go by steamer as far as the mouth of the stream. There is at present stage connection twice a week. 14 DEPARTiIE\T OF THE IXTERIOR vi 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 There are 252 creek and 100 hillside claims located on this stream and about 50 other claims located on some of the tributaries. The work going on is still in its initial stage and not more than prospecting is being done. Some winter dumps are being taken out, but no output of any great importance can be expected this year; the results at the spring clean-ups will'deter- mine to a material degree the importance of this stream as a gold prloducer. At present there are about 50 separate individual plants in actual operation : some are taking out dumps, while the others are merely prospecting their claims. THE INFLUENCE OF NEW .MINING METHODS. Where the mining conditions are inimical to dredging-, such as hard bed rock and frost, and to hydraulicking, where there is not sufficient grade for the disposal of the tailings, a method has been devised by the engineers of the Yukon Gold Company whereby shallow creek gravels can be operated on a scale to compare favourably with that.of the dredge. The main object of the method is to provide grade for the removal of the tailings collected into a sump-hole in the creek bottom, which are produced from hydraulicking. This mechanical device is an endless cha,in of buckets which elevate the material from the sump-hole into sluices. This method was once introduced on Eldorado creek, but on account of the lack of water under pressure and the prohibitive cost of fuel for power, it was abandoned. As. in this instance, water is plenty and power is cheap, therefore, we should look for success, and if so, the largest and most important parts of Bonanza and Eldorado creeks will be operated in that way. As the method develops itself it is probable that many of the claims which cannot be worked by dredging will he operated in the future, provided they are situated within the radius of hydro-electric transmission and in the vicinity of water under pressure. This method should he classified as an ' open-cut ' method of mining, which is applicable to operate shallow creek diggings where water under pressure and cheap power are both available. There are three of such already installed on Bonanza creek, and I may say that the operations, which will be conducted this year for the first time, will be watched closely. COAL. All the coal produced in the Territory comes from two mines, viz.. the Sourdough and Tantalus coal mines. There has been no demand for coal on the creeks ; so far the production has been used for domestic purposes, the Dawson Electric Light and Power Company and some of the White Pass and Yukon Transportation Company's steamers. Sourdough Coal Mines. These mines are situated on the Yukon river, about 50 miles below Dawson. They are controlled by the Lawson Electric Light and Power Company. The output of the mines for the last year was 5,200 tons ; the price charged in Dawson per ton for domestic purposes was from $12 to $15. delivered at the residences. The Tantalus Coal Mines. These mini- are situated on the Yukon river a few miles from Carmack's post, or a distance of 215 miles from Dawson. These mines are controlled by the White Pass people, who use the total production for their steamers, operating on the Yukon river, and for domestic purposes in Dawson. The output for the last year was 7,233 tons; the price charged in Dawson for domestic purposes ranges from $15 to $18 per ton, delivered at the residences. vl YUKON TERRITORY 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 WOOD. Wood is still the chief fuel for mining purposes, hut its need is growing less on account of large installations being erected whereby no fuel is needed. Its chief use in the Dawson mining district is for thawing. The cost of wood per cord varies with the locality in which it is used, also depending on the distance it has to be hauled. On the creeks the cost of wood per cord delivered on the claims is as follows : — Bonanza creek, lower part $10 00 Bonanza creek, upper part 12 00 Eldorado creek 12 00 to $17 00 Hunker creek, per cord 7 50 to 11 00 Sulphur creek 3 00 to 11 00 Dominion creek, upper part 12 00 to 13 00 Dominion creek, lower part 7 00 to 8 00 Gold Run creek i 8 00 You will find herewith attached a statement showing the number of claims, and their location, in operation during the summer months. Only a small percentage of them are operated during the winter months. 16 DEPART1IEXT OF THE INTERIOR vi 5 H (B a, O 60 a ID © © 0 ©CO© ' Ss~.s >> -S 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 tic— L. w ©JS E d © -S3 S3 E.E s § J. o o S © °.a— -;r ^3 c— CO ° oHR a 2s s § s « s „ = ^ z.^_ fafl Sflo = .= - o o5 o - — > - ~ a*; " ■^ a a,. . „ '■5 °S=s c.5""> s 6.2.C a S-o * S2 -§S|*Q2 IS 5-=^S . s« 3 «.£ * °_ S o». c a aZ .0 c a 3 © E c <- 5 t 3 S "a? £ S °o !— a S o ° a -^Zja _L _• e jT-o a a • a = |ES-i2^ ||| 8 RjTS = • ?* *-* b..S-- © ■gi&gcaias^gi a* I x-£> a «— g *- — £ a :s~r.kl' Basl-s a j Silt *—•»- a tr'u a m ©■»- l oojjOo g£ogg ao^l!!= a§ a o o g*s ~~P £ oag SuJ 2 5> J> :i a-ll = a-= 5^ P . o « © S c-« COfl 8 « o ' 5 © c > ^*|S £S^S ? 3^r a o*3 BO = •o S oco a-s : "oil »' 3 I S.3 o S^" go © Sfcl= g p > onq ■=!"* 1 ft) v o — . V o 3>1 1 >> .2 n - 1 e . © •^ * a^ a © © > c3 = == * s > > © U o o c > > a c---- © *-L s_g c © © g= c OS a o^_ "2-i •o a ago o e g'5 •§■". c w §3 oB3 a a 1 b • o a |Q|.2 ga|S ■ - - ■ ■ c a1^ « ■x oM 0 3 O . u JH«C 0 — C3 Q 1 3 o 0 0 >i a Is a a a . a . a a, g g ■ 0 - > 0 0 > ~=.l s O j i rr~ - , 0 . ■-■' F •0 i z F aCI u E - f •: a £ as r, : t n C T o£ ~Or ■5^ %a c =5 c §a *) N-— c - c 3S 0 S— O ° c -i a a a O 5 — z > ll YUKON TERRITORY 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 »» 2 * a ttajiM a — o o t- c 3a. 5=5 *§•«_: ™ • S =2 a a> d o om S a'a a § fe^ ■ 3^ p. Ot3 ©■3 * c"2,££.o>> ■g.S u mmb H-oSS^oj ^Q a © et o g © o i-«~ * . Kf MS MO c .S >," 3 a « S £ >-o " o £ « to" £ - • S ¥ < u5§0-»«oooo6«g 03 ^ .b •- a.-* — .J J3 O d OJ aZl a" o a a> o B5 ■ © a,c to> ©J-H •SI- «•- © s. > °l°8 T3 °-" co oD.2 = JO -CO oj °*^3 .3 ©*5 S5 *2 u a ., o & OJ > t, I- 'I O 4) 4>^ ! 5 g = S-s'-S 3 as. a s-s £_§ g.3.2,. g.a|o-3.'£"iSS.S-3jg^-S SaBoiSdJsaoa^JS^oj "~V 3 .2.2 .S o£_ 1 sj d oS .~ i. C B 3 °S — 2°;« S '" a" 3 o) « s,u u o o C =f— 3 O ? o ») Q. 0_ e 3 B 3 3 3 3 Sl « C g fe |~-a a I aaaa a> o «>.£ » o ° ° « °JJ o °"S d o 2 o o o o ug>5 ag o5 5 mo <»i;ej*>fc.L.oj0o;0*J m H— '.(.'■'.oS « _ « oj 2 m c 3-a P<:h<:h.= q.b:b b g 0iooioO^.5S „ en oo o >.o~^ . IJb-sSIb"8! •s33a*3?gS 9 so* ° £ ° ° 5 2- '.93 £ "5 oo5S<"3s>.-lMg0 uoaa J* k il 3 oi !!>-• i?4> «>. S««^ _g§ II >-5 "J^iiE-' Hg Ofa MOB H C O CO OJJjj cj as o) oj oi aS "> .Z br& iJ 3 B *- * Sjd .S a o o ~ 0.3 S » b >.«3.o:Sato d a 3-- iE S3 " ° ( rt-^ ™ oj a m q/£ +- j-** Sj o.5_i « d g = 2H t g.*g££-oS00 i 0 TO §T3 flufl>> ■ , e-|ls-assi' olcc^ « o MuTojj:^ a§aS*§og£J « cd« 2 £-5 b S g . o « ad g g oi ? — -B. o> OJ 0J 2? r" _e_cl B . Oo TJO aia, = i t, d i. d u oj t. oj u a) CO « "3 u » 33 3 ; M? .= >, .as a^ u J; o a d oj n 3. 3 3 S ol - oi d t. t. i. u a. >> >. >. d DS ffiKOc •- a oj KCOh claim and h claim 0) O- 4i 4> 41 41 Wo d d tn u q o o d c rt c a G i a d d— a' — — 4>"- u — - d .a - w - — . 4»— . OJ 4> 8) m 4).— 4> 41 4) _■ 4> — 4) tn d 05 d 05 E a (1 a m o 0.0 0,0 as B d a 03 E B E o « g,og,og, 0*0 O-O O U u ^ .§.^•3 §^g . a B 3^- - d •SS^m o ■3 h paj 3 £ 3 ? b3 aSoaS "33-0 3"3-"3 o a o I J- o b k3 b"S ao bM iTo> bSa a 3 *j 4) 0> .1-1-3 •a •e =3 IE 25— vi— 2 «a 6S ■32 Oa .11 Cg u 0J «C £ oa u 18 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Vl 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 "8 S g 5 CO © en © 03 □ 3 -3 a 3 O J3 a o a, O tc .9 a t 9 year, ee have ting, pecting. t 100. -«* •- 3 a - a u (A fe 1 >,u U °fl 1 E «3 C O w O"- ft) c oS ai *S M& Wig, g~c S 5 "2 "5 as £ = BvP on CD 0J ' ■ rt a, 0 Ed V . u a © © e 0 ■ 2~ o £•>' rJ ao 2 « g d m d MM to *--= eei £ © tx-S a © ~°* o«~ M s e2 CD (- 3 © fSco-5g-g £ c o losses glg.^ . — '■— DD C c ■2* © c"3 a. . "s-B ° ^ B u out twelve owners pumps. out ten ou e outfit w been gro out fifty o The pop 'en outfits ly two out e outfit is outfitB dr y a few p hydraulic ere are ab fc S.O u .Q .OB .O JflC^C Cj= P o P< < < S3 .2 S So K £5-M :«. )r ■_ - *- » © a) KSKccVh E S 3 ■S <5 -S .« © u a >. . . . a . t: : : i : <=' O . O o « o © g » BO Jd o >, £ §- s S^ _S__«to_ e w aJ qj e £ c5<5 Vi YUKON TERRITORY 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 NO. 4. REPORT OF THE ACTING CROWN TIMBER AND LAND AGENT. Office of the Crown Timber and Land Agent of the Yukon Territory, Dawson, T.T., April 2, 1908. The Hon. Alexander Henderson, Commissioner of the Yukon Territory, Dawson, Y.T. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the twelve months ending March 31, 1908, accompanied by the following : — Statement of revenue in the timber branch. Statement of revenue in the lands branch. Statement of timber and hay permits issued. The revenue in the timber branch amounted to $17,712 60 The revenue in the lands branch amounted to 8.505 00 Total for twelve months to March 31, 1908. . . .$26,217 60 The total revenue for nine months to March 31, 1907, was $21,422.46. It will be noticed that the revenue in both branches is keeping up pretty well. The past winter was extremely mild throughout and considerably less wood was con- sumed for fuel. It is likely a large quantity of wood brought to market this winter will go over to next year. Of the $8,505 Dominion lauds revenue, $5,003.40 was for purchase price of coal lands and interest, and $400 for survey fees for coal lands. Coal is coming to the front rapidly. Royalty was paid on 15,433 tons, about triple the amount of last year; 7,233| tons of this was mined at Tantalus, the balance at Coal creek. The greater portion of the Tantalus coal is used by the White Pass boats plying between Dawson and Whitehorse, and the Klondike Mines Railway; and the greater portion of the Coal Creek coal by the electric light plant in Dawson, which is owned by the holders of the Coal Creek coal mine. The price of coal for domestic purposes in Dawson is $16 per ton. Considerable coal land has been taken up on Indian river, 6 miles below Quartz creek, which has not been proven to any extent yet. A short distance above, the McKinnon brothers have been tunneling for several years through hard rock, in a hopeful search for coal of better quality than that heretofore discovered. Mr. C. E. Miller, the greatest discoverer and promoter of the coal industry in the Yukon, will commence operations in May at his latest discovery on Tantalus butte, directly across the river from his previous discovery at Tantalus. Great things are expected of this coal, which Mr. Miller claims to be of the best quality yet discovered. Operations were carried on all last summer at the Five Finger coal mine, the owners of which are confident that by tunneling through the hard rock they will yet strike coal of the best quality. The Tantalus coal mine will operate this summer on as large, if not a larger scale than last year. Theirs is the best coal mined so far. The output of coal is increasing rapidly each year. The Coal Creek people were driven out by water last season and their future movements are uncertain. 25— vi— 2J 20 DEPARTMEST OF TBE INTERIOR ■ vl 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Wood is more difficult to get each season. That marketed in Dawson the past winter was very small and dirty. It may be said that in the vicinity of Dawson and for 75 miles up the Klondike the available timber is confined to the timber berths. Along the Yukon the nearest wood available outside of timber berths is two miles from the river. The average price for wood from Whitehorse to Dawson, where it is mostly all used for steamboats is $4.50 to $6.50 per cord, and from Dawson to Eagle, Alaska, $8. Wood delivered in 16-foot lengths from the raft at Dawson, goes at $8.50 to $10, and that hauled from the woods in winter sells at $10 per cord. The average price in Dawson for wood cut into stove lengths is $10. The sales of the three mills in Dawson during the year amounted to 3,488,360 feet b.m. of lumber, and 5471 cords of wood. Reports and payment of royalty on a portion of this are still outstanding, awaiting the return of officers of two of the mills this month. The price for lumber has lately been $45 to $50 per thousand, but as the Northern Lumber Company has gone out of business and the Yukon Saw Mill Company is preparing to take over the Klondike Mill Company this summer the average price will be about $60. Of course for large contracts to the big mining companies, and they utilize 75 per cent of the lumber sold, the price would be lower. Owing to the activity of these mining companies a great deal of lumber is being used. The Yukon Gold Company erected a mill at Twelvemile, below Dawson, to cut flume lumber in connection with the construction of the Acklen ditch. From March 26, 1906, to October 28, 1907, 7,192,894 feet b.m. was manufactured, 4,009,496 feet of which was on hand at the latter date. No revenue is derived from this whatever. It is impossible to state how many timber berths are in operation, as some of the licensees leave here in the fall and are not seen again until spring, when possibly they land in Dawson with a raft. Probably five parties are operating on the Klondike, and about three or four on the Yukon. The farmers were mostly pleased with their crops last season. All vegetables thrived splendidly and a great improvement was shown in the quality of potatoes, those grown at some points excelling the imported. Five homesteads were granted, and an additional dozen or more applied for. Most of the applications are from wood cutters, who find time to raise crops in the summer at the same places where they cut their wood in the winter. The work of the office will be simplified considerably by doing away with two inspection trips each summer from Whitehorse to Dawson. Mr. Povah has worked out a new system of checking the wood consumed by steamboats in the Territory, which will save the time he is taken away from the office to make the inspections, as well as the expense of the trips. The system will be put into working order this summer and all the old business cleared up. Rentals charged for waterfront at Dawson have been so materially reduced and so much of the frontage has been relinquished, that what used to be a great source of revenue has fallen off to next to nothing. The office continues to be conducted in a most capable manner by Mr. W. F. Povah, with entire satisfaction to the public. Since taking charge of the office he has assumed the duties of former chief timber inspector D. A. McRae, of the accountant, clerks, in fact he does all the work previously done by a very large staff, creating, as stated by Mr. Gosselin, in the last annual report, ' a saving of over $1,000 per month.' Mr. Charles Sylvestre is a good and conscientious timber inspector and does his work well. He keeps a check on all the wood brought to Dawson. Respectfully submitted, E. C. SENKLER. Acting Crown Timber and Land Agent. YUKON TERRITORY 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Crown Timber Branch. 1907. April May June July August September October November... . December.. . . 1908. January February March Royalty. $ CtS. 1,226 99 1,731 16 951 14 441 61 178 63 208 05 1,210 44 6S6 72 141 28 167 64 119 65 148 41 7,211 72 Timber Permits. S cts. 2,369 50 413 25 182 32 921 37 315 46 431 50 1,083 00 415 35 610 00 377 75 427 50 310 00 7,857 00 Seizures. $ cts. 575 00 127 50 91 00 45 50 12 00 15 00 61 00 8 00 10 00 21 50 966 50 Hay Permits. S cts. 29 00 8 00 70 00 27 00 Coal Royalty. S cts. 40 00 10 00 39 05 275 4S 1,006 90 126 90 41 45 3 60 134 00 1,543 38 Total. 8 cts. 4,171 49 2,340 91 1,242 46 1,517 53 808 57 1,661 45 2,481 34 1,151 52 764 88 545 39 568 65 458 41 17,712 60 Dominion Lands Branch. General Sales. Rentals. Registration Fees. Survey Fees. Homestead Fees. Total. 1907 April May June July August September.. October.. . . November.. December. . 1908. January... February. . March . . . . S cts. 650 00 12 89 125 00 48S 72 3,624 97 134 41 160 00 15 00 5 00 290 00 5,505 99 $ cts. 2,015 00 13 63 365 30 12 91 51 17 50 50 5 00 2,513 51 $ cts. 4 50 2 00 17 00 6 00 6 00 35 50 $ cts. 200 00 100 00 100 00 400 00 t cts. 30 00 10 00 10 00 50 00 S cts. 2,869 GO 28 52 125 00 954 02 3,741 67 48 91 57 17 194 91 160 00 30 00 5 00 290 00 8,505 00 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR vi 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Permits issued at Dawson during the twelve mouths ending March 31. 1908. No. Logs— B.M. House Logs. Cordwood. Hay. 8 Feet. 244,000 Feet. Cords. Tons. 12 - 8,250 5r« 72 - 15 102 No. 5. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF SURVEYS. Survey Office, Yukon Territory, Dawsox, Y.T., April 6, 190S. The Hon. Alexander Henderson, Commissioner of the Yukon Territory, Dawson, Y.T. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of the operations of the Survey Department for the year ending March 31. Mr. Gibbon and myself have been the only members of the staff during the past year. In June and July Mr. Gibbon established base lines on a portion of the Sixtymile river and on Miller and Glacier and Little Gold creeks in the Fortymile district. In August Mr. Gibbon was employed in the office and in making some small surveys for the Gold office. From the middle of September to April first he was away on leave of absence. Returns for none of the surveys made by Mr. Gibbon since the spring of 1905 have as yet been completed, in consequence of which I asked to have Mr. Bennet transferred to this office, which was done on the first of this month. I hope now to have all the back work brought up to date. Plans and returns of the following surveys were filed in this office during the past year: — Group lots including quartz claim surveys 75 Advertised placer claims IT Base lines and traverses 4 These include the surveys made by surveyors in private practice in the Territory. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, C. W. MacPHERSON, Director of Surveys, Y.T. vi YUKON TERRITORY 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 No. 6. REPORT OF THE ASSISTANT GOLD COMMISSIONER. Office of the Assistant Gold Commissioner, Whitehorse, T.T., May 4, 190S The Hon. Alexander Henderson, Commissioner of the Yukon Territory, Dawson, Y.T. Sir, — I beg to submit the following report respecting the conditions existing in the Southern Yukon during the fiscal year 1907-8, comprising the Whitehorse, Conrad and Kluane districts. whitehorse district. The promised development of a year ago of the extensive copper showing in this district was unfortunately greatly curtailed and in most instances shut off by the fall in the price of copper and the accompanying financial depression. As a consequence the shipment of ore, which was assuming fair proportions, had to be entirely dis- continued, while development operations were reduced to a minimum. However, things are beginning to look up again, and the next few months may set operations moving briskly once more. The Copper King mine has been fitted with suitable boiler, hoist and compressor, and it is likely will start work at an early day. The general development of the belt may, however, be said to await the completion of the spur or branch of twelve miles in length now being put in by the White Pass Railway, and which when completed will closely serve nearly all the supposedly good claims on the range. The railway company are already actively at work on this spur and will likely have it practically completed early in the coming summer. It will then, it is hoped, be found profitable to ship ore even at the prevailing low price of copper. The Arctic Chief and War Eagle claims are already preparing for this by working their pro- perties in a small way, and it is hoped they will be joined by the Copper King. Valerie, Pueblo and others, later. The total shipments of copper ore from this belt, last season, were approximately as follows : — Tons. Grafter 2,000 Arctic Chief 300 Copper King 300 For a time the Grafter was operated quite extensively and with very bright pros- pects by the owner, Mr. Robert Lowe. A large body of ore, averaging 6 per cent copper with steady gold and silver values of $2.50 per ton, was struck, but notwithstanding this the fajl in the price of copper from 24 to 12 cents per pound was altogether too great to permit of operation being continued without serious loss. At the time the mine closed down the shaft had reached the 100-foot level, and the mine foreman, a practical and experienced miner, unhesitatingly declared that he had then over twelve thousand tons of good shipping ore in sight. Under the old prices of copper and'with the railway spur completed, this alone would undoubtedly have paid for the mine outright. It sems a pity that greater depth has not been reached on the claims on this belt. In almost every case where the work has gone down the ore has been found to well maintain its values and to materially increase in extent. 24 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR vi 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 The placer diggings at Livingstone creek are in about the same position as last year, nothing very striking having occurred. The production was somewhat less than the previous season, partly accounted for by a washout on the working of the Living- stone creek syndicate, by which a loss of about three weeks in the best part of the season was entailed. The total production of this camp for the year was somewhat less than $60,000. However, the general outlook appears to be brightening. Good pay appears to exist on both Summit and Cottoneva creeks, but production is hampered and delayed by the presence of water in the gravels in large quantities, necessitating the use of powerful and costly machinery in order to reach bedrock anywhere. The •average depth to bedrock is also very great. Mr. G. A. Singer, on behalf of certain Seattle capitalists, sunk a shaft on No. 11 below Livingstone creek to a depth of 140 feet, but was greatly hampered throughout by the volume of water, and finally had to abandon the work through that cause. It is expected that larger pumps will be put in and bedrock reached without fail. The gravel encountered in sinking was found to contain small values throughout. A water system from Mendocino creek, where the- supply is large, is projected and it is hoped will enable promoters to demonstrate tho value of the ground. The gold in this camp is very heavy, mostly nuggets, and is consequently nearly all deposited on bedrock. WHITEHORSE TIMBER AND LANDS. Nothing unusual has developed in connection with timber and Dominion lands during the year. Four homesteads have been applied for under the new homestead regulations. There are no saw-mills operating in this district. I append a table, No. 1, showing the collections made from all sources in this district during the year. The total is $15,109.71, and includes collections from mining, timber. Dominion lands and gold royalty. CONRAD DISTRICT. Matters have been quiet in the Windy Arm section also. No operations of any kind have been in progress for several months past. However, the prospects are better for the future. The Conrad Consolidated Co. have purchased and are about to install a concentrating plant capable of handling 60 tons of ore per day, and as it appears there is already a large quantity of good ore on hand, no doubt the product from the new venture will quickly become very considerable. One shipment of 100 tons of sacked ore was made from the Venus claim last summer, which I am assured averaged fully $50 per ton. The Wheaton and Watson valleys still maintain their hold on the prospectors, though operations have here also been greatly restricted through lack of funds. How- ever, a good road has been built through the Watson valley, and it is hoped and expected that several of the best showings will be thoroughly tested at an early day. A shipment of 18 tons of silver lead ore from the Tally-Ho group is now on the way to the smelter, but the result has not been ascertained up to this time. It is expected that it will net between $80 and $90 per ton. Mr. H. W. Vance, of the Conrad Consolidated Mines Co., has secured an option on three claims in the Big Bend group, and will likely try them out thoroughly. The values here are perhaps greater than have been found elsewhere in this section. One assay gave $296 to the ton, and the average, I am assured, may fairly be given as between $50 and $100. Unfortun- ately the extent of this valuable ore has not yet been definitely ascertained. The best assays have shown principally gold values, though silver in considerable quantities, is also present in every case. Col. W. S. Thomas, who has options on a number of what appear to be the best claims in this section, performed about 100 foot of rock work last year with encouraging results. He also ran several small tunnels on the Tiger group, situated about six miles south, and encountered several fair sized veins of valuable ore. On the whole I think that this is a most promising district. vi YUKON TERRITORY 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 The total collections for this district are $2,318. It is all on account of mining dues. I attach a table, No. 2, giving the monthly returns of this. KLUANE DISTRICT. The collections for this district for the year total $3,358, and it is all on account of mines. The prospects for placer mining have about maintained the old level, the main production being from Fourth of July, Bullion, Sheep. Burwash and Arch creeks. The season was both cold and short, and the production suffered in conse- quence. A couple of small hydraulic plants have been installed at a point six or seven miles up Sheep creek, and it is hoped will be operated successfully the coming summer. The ground is shallow, only two or three feet in some cases, and pay is said to be present over quite an area. All the other productive creeks are mainly worked by shovelling the gravel from the creek bed into boxes erected at the point of operation, the water for which is usually obtained from wing dams farther up. Good pay has been found at one or two points by this method on Fouth of July and Burwash creeks, but the work can only be carried on during the most favourable summer months. The process, too, is most laborious, and the quantity of gravel handled necessarily small. The copper showings on Burwash creek appear to promise well and will, no doubt, yet be heard from. But of course nothing can be looked for from this source until better transportation facilities are secured. The Jacquot Brothers are about to bring out a couple of tons of the ore from their claims on Burwash, which will at least demonstrate its quality. The cost of this shipment will necessarily be heavy. It has to be transported by sleigh and wagon nearly 200 miles. Several prospectors have been in the White River country since my last report, but so far as I can learn have discovered nothing startling beyond what has been previously reported. Indeed, so far as copper is concerned, I cannot but conclude, as the result of inquiries made upon every available occasion, that nothing has been yet shown to exist on White River proper that will compare with the showings discovered by Jacquot Brothers on Burwash and Tatamagouche creeks, Kluane lake. There has recently been much talk of a road being built from Dawson to the head of White river. I feel sure the construction of such a highway would be a mistake, both because nothing has yet been discovered that would warrant such an expenditure, and also because the natural route is from Whitehorse through the Kaskawulsh and Kluane valleys, three-fifths of which is already served by fairly good wagon road. I here also attach a table, No. 3, giving details of the collections made. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, R. C. MILLER, Assistant Gold Commissioner, &c. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR vi 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Table No. 1. — Statement showing the Fees Collected in the Office E Month. M m Placer^Mining. QlJABTZ. Grants. Reloca- tions. Renewals. Registra- tion of Do- cuments. Certificate of Part- nership. Grants. Certificate of Work. Certificate of Part- nership. 1907. 1 cts. $ cts. t cts. 30 00 45 00 15 00 75 00 825 00 120 00 105 00 S cts. 2 00 14 00 14 00 31 00 14 00 18 00 11 00 $ cts. 5 cts. 670 00 330 00 265 00 175 00 30 00 110 00 35 00 60 00 90 00 20 00 5 00 35 00 $ cts. 10 00 62 50 47 50 45 00 50 00 42 50 45 00 60 00 42 50 17 50 55 00 50 00 S cts. 2 50 Mav... 80 00 30 00 10 00 30 00 7 50 10 00 2 50 July.. ■ 7 50 30 00 20 00 40 00 8 00 12 50 5 00 140 00 190S 50 00 20 00 30 00 40.00 30 00 4 00 6 00 16 00 42 00 5 00 10 00 2 50 90 00 30 00 Total. . . 170 00 450 00 1275 00 172 00 S 00 1.S25 00 527 50 55 00 vi YUKON TERRITORY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 of the Asst. Gold Commissioner, Wkitehorse, for Fiscal Year 1907-08. 27 Mining. Water. Timber and Land. Gold Royalty. Registra- tion of Do- cuments. Payment in iieu of assessment work. Rights. Dominion Lands Receipts. Wood. Hometead. Royalty. Free. Total. S cts. 316 00 $ cts. 100 00 S cts. $ cts. 2,970 38 512 50 $ cts. $ cts. S cts. $ cts. S cts. 4,100 88 25 50 55 00 S7 00 1,083 12 267 83 Ill 72 395 15 181 15 62 95 670 13 68 50 1 00 1 00 1,666 84 39 00 200 00 30 00 25 50 40 00 1,246 15 1,152 19 1,790 51 509 50 20 00 613 74 512 38 140 00 205 00 185 00 160 00 75 00 360 00 310 00 23 00 4 00 136 00 40 00 156 60 17 31 80 00 28S 75 10 00 215 81 558 00 853 25 36 50 3 00 2 50 5 00 763 50 300 00 6.502 61 1,520 00 40 00 1,495 10 6 00 15,109 71 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Table No. 2. — Statement of Fees Collected in the Mining Recorder's Office, Conrad, during the Fiscal Year, 1907-08. Month. 1907. April May June July August September., October.. . . November.. December. . 1908. January. . February. March Quarts Grants. Totai. * cts 25 00 30 00 155 00 125 00 300 00 155 00 25 00 5 00 Quartz Quartz Certificate Certificate of of Work. Partnership. S cts. 5 00 10 00 47 50 112 50 337 50 92 50 12 50 17 50 820 00 20 00 2 50 657 50 7 50 5 00 22 50 12 50 5 00 2 50 Quartz Registered Documents. Payment I in lieu of assessment Total, work. 13 50 76 00 34 50 2 50 17 50 19 00 18 00 4 50 S cts 100 00 200 00 100 00 65"00 185 50 200 00 600 00 30 00 47 50 321 ooj 336 00 884 50 255 00 55 00 41 50 18 00 S73 104 50 22 50 202 50 2,318 00 vl YUKON TERRITORY 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 o 1 tn S I «° •c 3 o s 3 a .2 13 U a S « £ o 3 3 - 3 g 0 0 GO » CI O0 3 0 0 n 0 0 s 3 5 3 a 0 CO CM 0 0 CM OB CO 0 0 ?1 O O O CM 0 0 O O CM Q C DO O 5 0 0 00 0 CO co" i © , i_-„ ft) »0a O e© c 0 0 0 CM M '■ O O O O CM CM 0 0 0 CI . O . .2 o © o a 3 tf.2 « ^ g O 0 - 0 -r CM c 0 CM ■ 0 0 ' 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 Q o O ■ O O ■ O O CM ■ 0 to CM r- DD a a O ™ 00000000 0 00000000 00000000 CO O O O ■ CM 0 0 0 00 S M w u < J 4) So o u i c c cm 0 0 .2 o 5 fefl- £ S 0 . O c 00 «© N 0 0 CO O c 0 0 0 0 0 O O O O O O r- CO •5.2 3 000 « 000 000 «© — . co ■** 0000 0000 0 0 q 0 CM M « h • O O • O O : 2 9 0 0 8 CM 1 » s 000000000 .b- f- O •-■ CO ' 0 0 . 0 0 * 0 0 • rP CO O O O O CM DD a O 0 0 0 O O O tc z 0 0 OS 1 - : i ( J 1 1 ► 3 1 ■ j | 3 I c i 3 ) ; \ t ! - > r. 1 • CO • 0 • CT> u D Z 3 p 0 0 3 u 1 c - 4 t u -. \ - - S : a 3 *3 0 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 A. 1909 PAET VII FORESTRY 25— vii— 1 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 A. 1909 FORESTRY T REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FORESTRY. Department of the Interior., Forestry Branch, Ottawa, July 16, 1908. W. W. Cory, Esq., Deputy Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of the work under my charge for the year 1907-8. With this also are submitted the reports from the officials in charge of the differ- ent divisions of the work of this branch. STAFF. Mr. A. H. D. Ross, who was in charge of the timber survey on the Riding Moun- tain forest reserve during the summer of 1907, resigned in the fall to accept a position as lecturer in forestry at the University of Toronto. Mr. Ross carried out the work of this survey in a thoroughly satisfactory manner and rendered valuable service to the department. Mr. Ross will assist the forestry branch during the present year in collecting and compiling statistical information in regard to the forests and wood production of the Dominion. Mr. A. Knechtel, formerly forester to the Forest, Fish and Game Commission of the state of New York, has been appointed inspector of forest reserves. Mr. Knechtel received his technical education as a forester at Cornell University, and previously had considerable practical experience in lumbering operations. The reforestation work done by the Commissioner in the state of New York, which is the most extensive work in that direction yet done in America, was carried out under his management, and he has also visited Europe and studied the systems of forestry carried out in the different countries of that continent. Mr. H. R. MacMillan. a graduate of Yale School of Forestry, and Mr. J. R. Dick- son, a graduate of the School of Forestry a('t Ann Arbor in connection with the Uni- versity of Michigan, have also been appointed to the staff. They have both assisted in the work of this branch during the summer months, and have proved capable a,nd reliable. Mr. Archibald Mitchell, of Edmonton, has also been appointed permanent assist- ant in the tree planting division with headquarters at Indian Head. Mr. Mitchell received a training in forestry in Scotland and has been living in the province of Alberta for some years and is thoroughly acquainted with western conditions. He was formerly employed temporarily as a tree planting inspector under this branch. Mr. E. F. Drake was transferred from the Mounted Police Department and placed in charge of irrigation records. TIMBER. During the past year 85 timber berths, comprising an area of 460 -53 square miles, were sold, for which the sum of $246,931.55 was received as bonus. 25— vii— \\ 4 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR vii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TIMBER REGULATIONS. Iii my report submitted a year ago I suggested that it was advisable to make such changes in the timber regulations as would provide for the survey and examination of any tract proposed to be disposed of so that the department would have knowledge of the timber of which it was disposing and could determine its value. In the line of this suggestion, after thorough consideration had been given to the question during the year, new regulations were adopted by Order in Council of December 19, 1907, a copy of which accompanies this report. These regulations provide that timber berths shall be sold by public auction at the office of the timber agent for the district and that, before being offered for sale, each berth shall be surveyed and shall be exarnined by a competent timber cruiser. The timber cruisers will submit a sworn report as to the quantity and value of the timber, and on this report an upset price will be fixed by the Minister of the Interior, below which the berth cannot be sold. This method of disposal will give full opportu- nity to any person who desires to acquire timber to compete for it freely, and will at the same time protect the public interest in the timber. No ~ales have yet been carried out under these regulations. FOREST RESERVES. During the past summer I visited as many as possible of the forest reserves with a view to ascertain their conditions, to become acquainted with the staff and to ascer- tain what further organization was required. RIDING MOUNTAIN FOREST RESERVE. The most important group of reserves in the province of Manitoba are the Rid- ing Mountain, Duck Mountain and Porcupine reserves, in the western and northern part of the province. These reserves bore a forest of spruce, tamarack, jackpine, birch, poplar and other less important species and have been the scene of lumbering opera- tions for many years past. They form the dominant watershed in the province of Manitoba, being the source of a number of the larger tributaries of the Assiniboine river such as the Rolling river, Little Saskatchewan and others, and of the rivers flowing into Lakes Dauphin and Winnipegosis. The effect of these reserves in regu- lating the flow of these streams is not the least of their xiseful services. The necessity of a water supply for successful agriculture is one that has impressed itself on public attention, but with the rapid development of the western provinces and the growth of cities and towns requiring water for domestic and industrial purposes and for munici- pal power and lighting plants, the question will become more and more acute and the advancement of some districts will be wholly dependent on whether or not they can obtain an adequate water supply. The land included in the reserves is high and broken by ravines and sloughs and is generally but poorly adapted to agricultural purposes. Most of the Riding Mountain reserve has been cut over and has suffered severely from preceding and subsequent fires. The exact condition in this respect will not be known until the forest survey now being carried on is completed, but sufficient has been ascertained to demonstrate that this reserve will require careful treatment to place it in good productive condition. The Duck Mountain and Porcupine reserves are in better con- dition and comprise considerable areas of good spruce timber. The protective service on these reserves has been organized on a permanent basis by the appointment of a chief forest ranger, Mr. W. A. Davis, and assistant rangers. Three rangers have been assigned districts in the Riding Mountain reserve, two in the Duck Mountain reserve, and one in the Porcupine reserve. Their districts will comprise about fifty miles of the boundary of the reserve and an area of about 600 square miles, the total area of the reserves being 3.668 square miles. It will there- vii REPORT OF TEE SUPERIXTEKDENT OF FORESTRY 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 fore be seen that the area to be guarded by each ranger will be large ami that these reserves are still undermanned. The details of administration and organization will require further working out to perfert the system, but the results so far are satisfactory. TIMBER SURVEY. The timber survey of the Riding Mountain reserve was continued during the past season in the eastern part of the reserve and the following sections were completed : In range 16, the upper tier of sections of township 18, all of 19 and 20, and nearly all of 21 ; in range IT, the northern half of township 18, all of 19 and 20, and the south- east quarter of 21 ; in range 18, the eastern half of township 20, all west of the 1st meridian. It is found that the mature poplar timber in this part of the reserve has suffered from the attacks of fungi, probably consequent on ground fires injuring the trunks at the root. Timber of this character should be removed as soon as possible, as it is deteriorating instead of improving by lapse of time. It is expected that the survey of this reserve will be practically completed during the coming year, and plans for the management of the timber on this reserve will then be prepared by a qualified forester and placed under his supervision to carry out. WATER SUPPLY. Au application was received from the Minnedosa Pov*er Company to be permitted to erect a dam on Clear lake so as to control the waters of the Little Saskatchewan river in connection with the proposed development of power for the supply of electri- city to the town of Minnedosa. As this project was in furtherance of one of the pur- poses for which the reserve was set apart, namely, the preservation of the water supply, this application was approved. PROTECTION OF GAME. This branch has been considering the question of the protection of game in the forest reserves, and this question was specially brought to the attention of the depart- ment in connection with the Riding Mountain forest reserve by the Game Protective Association of the province of Manitoba. The association asked that the shooting or taking of game should be prohibited in a defined tract in the central part of the reserve. Careful inquiry is being made into the matter and steps will be taken towards placing the department in a position to deal effectively with the preservation of the game on the reserves. TURTLE MOUNTAIN FOREST RESERVE. This reserve is located in the southern part of Manitoba, and lies along the inter- national boundary. It is a broken tract of la,nd interspersed with small lakes, and is particularly adapted for a forest reserve. Practically the whole of the reserve has, however, suffered from fire. It has been well guarded for the last few years, and the damage from fire has decreased, but, lying as it does along the international boundary, it is a particularly difficult district to protect. The timber on this reserve consists of poplar, birch, ash and oak. No coniferous trees are at present growing on it. The protective service on this reserve has been strengthened and steps are being taken to clearly define its boundaries on the ground. A number of squatters had located without authority within this reserve, but most of them have removed therefrom, and it is expected that all will have left the reserve in the early summer. A small plantation of conifers was made in this reserve, and is succeeding well. During the present year some further tracts will be seeded with various coniferous trees. 6 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERrOR vli 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 SPRUCE WOODS FOREST RESERVE. The tract comprised in this reserve, which is loea.ted about ten miles east of Brandon, is light, sandy soil, with the exception of a low-lying portion, which is covered by a tamarack swamp. The high land bears a scattered growth of spruce, and the natural reproduction is only slowly restocking the area. In consequence of this and because the reserve is easy of access by the Canadian Pacific Eailway, more plant- ing has been done on this reserve than on any other, the stock for this purpose being brought from the nursery station at Indian Head. The method of planting followed was to run a furrow with a plough and plant the seedlings in the furrow in such a way as to shelter them as much as possible from the sun. The plantation was of an experimental nature, and now covers about twenty- five acres. MOOSE MOUNTAIN FOREST RESERVE. Near the eastern boundary of the province of Saskatchewan and south of the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway is located the Moose Mountain forest reserve. It is an elevated tract of hills and lakes and beautiful scenery. No one passing through the country on the railway would guess the existence of such a beautiful wooded tract, but any one who has visited it cannot but be impressed by its peculiar value as a forest reserve in a prairie district such as that in which it is located. The shores of Fish lake, the most important sheet of water in the reserve, are frequented as a, summer resort by the people of the district. The lands used for camp- ing grounds are private property, having been disposed of some years ago. Larger numbers are, however, resorting to this lake every year, and it will be necessary in a short time to make some provision by lease or otherwise for their occupation of the land in that vicinity. The timber on this reserve is poplar, birch and ash. Most of it has been cut over and a large part of it has suffered from fire so that there is little of a mature stand. There is, however, a vigorous young forest growth springing up all over the reserve and it furnishes a supply of wood for people throughout the district for many miles round. During recent years the protection from fire has been thorough and no loss has been occasioned in this reserve from that cause. As the natural reproduction is good and the protection from fire sufficient, no artificial means have been taken in this reserve to provide for reforestation. I was unable to visit the Beaver Hills forest reserve, which is north of the Cana- dian Pacific railway and is of the same general character as the Moose Mountain reserve. PINES FOREST RESERVE. The Pines Forest reserve is situated south of the Saskatchewan river and west of Prince Albert and comprises a tract of 145 square miles of light, sandy land covered with a growth of jackpine. A swampy area runs diagonally across this reserve, in which tamarack and spruce are the most important trees. This tract has furnished a large number of ties for railway construction and is the chief source of fuel anil timber supply for a large section. It is peculiarly suited for a forest reserve as the soil is of such a poor character that it cannot be successfully cultivated. As the question of the timber supply is of pressing importance, not only to the farming com- munity bvit to the towns and villages, and there is some conflict as to what demands the reserve can supply, it is proposed to have a timber survey of this reserve made without delay so as to determine this question. PRINCE ALBERT FOREST RESERVE. A small reserve of the same general character as the Pines reserve, namely, light, sandy land covered with jackpine, was set apart some years ago by order of the vii REPORT OF THE SUPERIXTEXDEXT OF FORESTRY 7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Minister of the Interior, to the north of the Saskatchewan river across from Prince Albert, but this reserve was not included in those established by the Dominion Forest Beserves Act. I examined this tract in company with the Crown Timber agent and the forest ranger, and after eliminating all lands that could be in any way classed as agricultural it was decided to recommend that a permanent reserve be established comprising the following lands : — Sections 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21, township 49, range 26, west of the 2nd meridian ; sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 1C, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24, township 49, range 27, west of the 2nd meridian ; sections 34, 35 and 36, township 48, range 28, west of the 2nd meridian. This reserve, if properly protected, will provide a fuel and timber supply for Prince Albert and the vicinity. The jackpine reproduces quickly and naturally and but little artificial assistance would be necessary to keep this tract in good forest con- dition. If it is bared of its forest covering it will become nothing but a waste of land, valueless for any purpose and a menace to the good land surrounding it. COOKING LAKE FOREST RESERVE. This reserve occupies a ridge lying to the east of Edmonton about forty miles. The location is well suited for a forest reserve as the land generally is of poor character and it occupies a tract of high land which forms the watershed of the dis- trict. The northern part is comprised in Elk Park and is a hilly country broken by valleys and lakes. In the central part the land is not so broken and the soil is of better quality, but in the southern part it assumes the same general character as in the north. Unfortunately the greater part of this reserve has suffered seriously from fire, and if it were not that the soil is generally poor and that it controls a water- shed it would be hardly advisable to continue it as a reserve as it will take many years of careful protection and management to get it into good forested condition again. The fact that the Transcontinental railway passes through the southern por- tion cf it has made a present demand for land even of poor quality. There are several lakes at the southern end of the reserve which will form an important source of water supply. This is already recognized, as is shown by the fact that an application has been made on behalf of the city of Edmonton for water from these lakes to provide the city supply. I did not have an opportunity of inspecting the Cypress Hills and Kootenay Lake reserves or the reserves in the province of British Columbia, but hope to make such an inspection during next year. SQUATTERS. Steps have been taken during the past year to induce the persons who have squatted on the forest reserves unlawfully to remove therefrom. Every reasonable facility has been offered them for this purpose, and good progress has so far been made. FIRE RANGING. During the past year 47 fire rangers were employed patrolling the forested dis- tricts, and fortunately their efforts resulted in preventing any serious damage to timber. The season was a favourable one, as it was generally wet, but destructive fires were prevented in several instances only by the strenuous efforts of the rangers. The railway belt in the province of British Columbia was patrolled by 21 rangers, and but few fires assumed proportions sufficient to make necessary the calling out of additional assistance. A fire on the Stave river resulted from the clearing operations of the Stave Lake Power Company, crossed the river a,nd would probably have destroyed valuable timber if it had not been promptly dealt with by the fire ranger, who called out the men employed by the power company and a lumber company in the vinicity. Another fire in the coast district required a fight of some weeks before ii» was finally subdued, but it was so kept in check that no timber belonging to the 8 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR vii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Dominion was destroyed. The patrol in the railway belt has, since it was established, been thoroughly effective, and has prevented the destruction of much valuable timber. Seven rangers patrolled the eastern slope of the Rocky mountains from the inter- national boundary north to the Saskatchewan river. Few fires occurred, as the season was wet. The clearing of hind was the chief cause given for the fires which took place. In the Edmonton district there were five rangers employed and seven in the Prince Albert district. These comprise the fairly accessible districts and the fire ranging patrol was not extended beyond them until last year. During last year a patrol was established along the line of construction of the Canadian Northern railway from Erwood to The Pas, being the first section of the line proposed to be constructed to Hudson bay. Two rangers were also appointed to protect the district along the Athabaska river from Athabaska Landing to the lake of that name, and one ranger patrolled the Lesser Slave Lake district. This service was looked after by Mr. IT. A. Conroy. inspector for the Department of Indian Affairs, and has been carried out effectively, as is attested by reports received from residents of the district. The patrol will be extended into the Peace River district during the coming season. Owing to the construction of the Grand Trunk Pacific railway westward from Edmonton there was special danger to be apprehended in that district. I have there- fore corresponded with that company urging the necessity for the greatest possible precautions during the work of construction and have received word that strict instructions have been given to the contractors to use every effort and every precau- tion to prevent the spread of fire, and the engineers of the company are devoting their best efforts to seeing that these instructions are carried out. The forest ranger also made an inspection of the manner in which the clearing of the right of wav is being carried out, and reports that it is being cleared in a great many places to a width of 200 feet, and that all the debris is being burned upon the land, none of i't going out- side the right of way. He considers that the requirements of the department in this respect are being met. The danger is probably greater, however, from the number of people preceding and following railway construction and from the clearing of land for settlement. During last year no fires occurred and early in the present year the forest ranger in charge of the district was given instructions to provide an adequate patrol along the line at the earliest moment in the spring when danger was to be apprehended. These instruc- tions are being carried out thoroughly and the reports so far received show that the patrol is effective. Newspaper reports of extensive fires west of Edmonton are not confirmed by the official reports received. All fires which occurred were extinguished without doing much damage to the forest. , NORTHERN DISTRICTS. It is impossible to represent too strongly the necessity for adequate protective measures for the northern forested district, stretching from Hudson bay to the Rocky mountains, and covering a belt of timber of greater or less density of fully four hundred miles in width, north of the North Saskatchewan river. The needs of the rapidly populating prairie country t.. the south and the necessities of the settlement which is even now extending into the forested zone will imperatively require the timber of this northern district. It has already suffered heavily from fire and the danger is increasing with the advance of settlement, the increase of travel and the extension of the railway systems. Unless some comprehensive scheme of protec- tion is organized and carried oul in advance of the opening up of the country this last great forest area of the west will be found, when it becomes accessible and its reserves and shelter are required to meet the public demand, to have suffered the fate of so many other forested districts throughout the Dominion, and to present but a vii REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FORESTRY 9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 blackened and almost barren waste instead of the forest which once clothed it and made the whole district rich and habitable. TREE PLANTING. While in the west I inspected the nursery at Indian Head, from which trees are being distributed to the farmers throughout the prairie provinces. The buildings at the nursery are comfortable and suitable and are kept in good order. The grounds have been much improved by the establishment of tree belts and hedges and the whole tract included in the station is being carefully managed and prepared so as to bring about the maximum of sustained production of trees, which will probably be about 3,000,000 trees per annum. The nursery station is itself an example of how a prairie farm can be improved and beautified, and its condition reflects a great deal of credit on Mr. Norman M. Ross, under whose management it has been developed. That the results of the work accomplished by this division of the Forestry Branch are useful and helpful is sufficiently demonstrated by a visit to some of the farms on which trees distributed from the government nursery have been planted. The con- trast between bare buildings on the unsheltered prairie and the comfortable, homelike farmsteads which result from the planting of shelter-belts of trees, can be appreciated only by those who have seen some of the beautiful homes surrounded by groves of trees, hedges and gardens, which are to be found scattered throughout the prairie provinces. There can be no question as to the value of the work of tree distribution carried on by the department. Over eleven million trees have so far been distributed by the department throughout the prairie provinces. The average distribution is now about two million trees per annum. Last year was not a favourable one in the early part of the season and as a result the stock at the nursery did not make such a successful growth as usual, con- sequently the number available for distribution was not as large as was expected. The influence of seasons will have to be taken account of in connection with the growth of nursery stock the same as with any other crop, and fluctuations in the quantities of trees available for distribution from season to season may be expected from this cause. Sample plots of various species of trees are being set out at the nursery station in order to demonstrate the possibilities of different varieties. In these plots will be grown, not only those trees which are now known to be successful, but other species will be tested so that reliable information may be obtained as to the hardiness and productiveness of as large a variety of trees as possible. A number of the coniferous trees will be tested in these plantations. Sample plots of tamarack or Canadian larch have given good results so far as experimented with. The growth is rapid and vigorous and this promises to be one of the most ueefnl trees for planting. In order to provide for the proper handling of seed from coniferous trees and its extraction -from the cones it will be necessary to provide a small drying house. The cones must be dried carefully and the seed threshed out, and in order to take full advantage of the intermittent seed years that occur in connection with coniferous trees it will be necessary to have facilities for handling the crop. Such an equipment is necessary if any increase is to be made in the growth of native coniferous trees in the nursery. Some better provision for a supply of water to the nursery station is required as the present supply is of poor quality and is threatened by the wearing down of a dam which formed a reservoir on the farm. As the supply pipe for the town of Indian Head passes within a short distance of the nursery station, arrangements could be made for a supply from that source. Six tree-planting inspectors were employed last year to cover a list of 3,206 names, 1,414 of whom were new applicants. The reports of the inspectors show that the plantations are generally successful. The percentage of failures is small and can 10 DEPARTMENT OE THE INTERIOR vii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 generally be attributed to some circumstances which prevented proper care being taken of the trees by the receipient at the time when this was specially necessary. Unfavourable weather has also interfered with plantations in some localities and this was the case during last summer. IRRIGATION. The irrigation records at head office have been carefully indexed and the informa- tion contained in them is now much more readily available and the handling of the business has been much facilitated in consequence. The list of sales of land for irrigation purposes has been carefully revised and corrected and a careful check is now kept of the connection between applications to purchase and applications for water rights. A table is appended showing the schemes dealt with under the Irrigation Act up to the present time. The total number of schemes recorded at the present time is 537, of which 331 are for irrigation purposes. Of the irrigation schemes 231 are for the irrigation of 320 acres or less, 71 are for 320 acres to 1,000 acres, and the remainder, including those of the Alberta Eailway and Irrigation Company, the Canadian Pacific Eailway Company and the Southern Alberta Land Company, are for larger areas. The total area to be irrigated outside of the large schemes mentioned and a few others in which a survey has not yet been made is 176,45S acres. Lands have been sold for reclamation by irrigation in 139 cases. Of these there have been 120 sales covering one section or less and nineteen sales exceeding that area, making a total of 62,332 acres. This does not include the area of 470,000 acres to be sold to the Alberta Eailway and Irrigation Company, or the area of 380.573 acres to be sold to the Southern Alberta Lind Company. During the past year 125 applications were received, the works in connection with 90 schemes were authorized and 46 water licenses were issued. IRRIGATION CONVENTION. On July 17 and 18, I attended the irrigation convention held at Calgary. This was the first irrigation convention held in Canada, but it brought together a large representative attendance from the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan and British Columbia. A number of interesting and instructive papers were read and questions vital to irrigation interests in the west were discussed. The conclusions of the convention were crystallized in a series of resolutions, some of which a^e hereafter particularly referred to. The report of this convention has, by permission of the minister, been published as an appendix to a special report prepared by the Com- missioner of Irrigation. The following resolution, which relates to matters coming under the administra- tion of this department, was passed: — ' Whereas, the permanency of all irrigation development is dependent upon an accurate knowledge of the location and quantity of water supply available; and ' Whereas, the matter of the topographical surveys to determine the location and quantity of such water supply and the proper methods of conserving it must be ■undertaken by the governments administering the law relating to the use of such water; ' Therefore be it resolved, that this convention, while recognizing work already done, urges strongly upon the Dominion government and the government of British Columbia, the importance of making the necessary appropriations and providing the necessary staff to undertake in an intelligent and systematic manner the gauging of all streams of water supply and the location and survey of all sites suitable for reservoirs for the storage of water.' At the inauguration of the irrigation service in connection with this department it was proposed to provide for a hydrogra,phic survey to comprise the whole irrigation vli REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FORESTRY 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 district. Gauging stations iwere established on a number of larger streams, and measurements were taken in other places, but floods washed out most or all of the gauge posts ajid the measurements were not carried on continuously or with any rela- tion to one another. As a result, the information available as to the flow of the streams is not complete and does not give reliable data from which general conclu- sions can be dra,wn. More attention has been given to this question in the last two years, but the report of a visit made by a member of the staff of the irrigation office to some of the hydro- graphic stations in the western states during the past year showed that a decided improvement was required in the organization and equipment of the hydrographic survey in the irrigation district in the west if complete and reliable data are to be obtained. The determination of the water supply is of the greatest importance, not only to irrigation interests, but for the municipal supply of the rapidly developing towns of the west, for the operation of railways and for the convenience of the growing population. As the administration of the water resources of this great dis- trict is under the control of the Dominion the responsibility for dealing with this subject rests upon the federal authorities, and the importance of the interests involved would justify the increased expenditure that may be necessary to place the hydro- graphic survey on an efficient basis. The difficulties of the present situation are well illustrated by the report of Mr. E. J. Burley, who was inspecting in the Maple Creek district during the last year. Irrigation works in that district are developing and many inspections are required, and the report states that special work of this nature delayed the inspection for some three weeks just at a time when a close check should have been kept on the flow of water in the various streams. The flow of the streams in the irrigation district varies rapidly, and the hydrographer should be able to give his attention to the mea- surements at the proper time if sufficient and reliable data are to be obtained. An arrangement of hydrographic districts in the irrigation tract with a staff which will be able to give its attention specially to the hydrographic work will be necessary to put this service on a proper basis. The survey of reservoir sites, also referred t o in the resolution quoted, is deserving of consideration. As the normal flow of the streams becomes appropriated for various purposes it will be necessary to provide means for conserving the flood waters, which now to a large extent are wasted, so that they may be utilized for main- taining a steady flow. The rivers flowing from the eastern slope of the Rocky Moun- tains are subject to great fluctuations owing to sudden thaws in the mountains, often with destructive results, and an investigation such as that suggested would throw considerable light on the possibilities of controlling such floods. A special investiga- tion of reservoir sites would therefore be of great usefulness. Another resolution passed by the convention was as follows: — ' Whereas, the duty of water, or the amount required for the irrigation of a defined area, has a most important bearing on irrigation development; and • ' Whereas, the information upon this important question available in any of the provinces of Saskatchewan, Alberta or British Columbia, is vague and incomplete ; ' Therefore be it resolved, that the attention of the governments interested should be directed to this important matter, and they should be urgd to take the necessary action to provide for carrying on a thorough system of investigation to determine the duty of water in the different provinces, so that such duty may then be fixed by law.' The duty of water is a question that is vital to irrigation and is one that is affected by so many conditions of soil, climate, varieties of crop, &c, that it is necessary to have a thorough scientific investigation to arrive at any assured conclusions. At pre- sent the irrigation regulations fix the duty of water at 150 acres per cubic foot per second, that duty having been fixed on the recommendation of Mr. G. G. Anderson, an eminent authority. Objection has at times been taken to this duty, and it is the 12 DEPARTMENT OF THE ISTERIOR vii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 subject of out of i he clauses of a resolution submitted to the department by the Farmers' Association of Southern Alberta. No doubt the experimental farm con- ducted by the Department of Agriculture near Lethbridge will take steps to gather data on this question. Under an arrangement with the Canadian Pacific Eailway the Commissioner of Irrigation is carrying on observations on tin irrigation tract of the company to determine this question. The irrigation convention also placed itself on record as favouring a forest reserve on the eastern slope of the Eocky Mountains on account of its effect on the flow of the streams issuing from the mountains which are the chief source of supply for irri- gation purposes. I would recommend that during the present season a preliminary examination be made to determine the tract which should be included in this reserve, if such a policy is decided on, and to ascertain what special provisions should be made to accomplish the purpose of preservation of the timber and the water sources while at the same time permitting the development of the natural resources included in the district. IRRIGATION ACT. The Irrigation Act of the Dominion is generally admitted to be a very complete piece of legislation, but in the carrying out of its provisions questions are continually arising that make necessary a re-examination of the principles on which it is based and occasional amendment of its provisions. A petition received in the department from the Alberta Farmers' Association raises several important questions that may be given some mention. The association asked that the right to the use of water should be made negoti- able and transferable, arguing that a water right, once purchased, was personal pro- perty and should be freely transferable the same as any other property. The principle of the Irrigation Act is that a right to the use of water for irrigation purposes is granted in connection with a particular piece of land and is thereafter appurtenant to the land, and that the water cannot be transferred to or used upon any other piece of land. At the first glance it may seem a hardship that a man who has the right to the use of water in connection with a piece of land should not be permitted to use it on any other land or transfer it to some one else if he considers it advisable to do so, but a consideration of the principle on which the law is based and of the experience of other countries leads to the conclusion that the principle is a sound one, and any departure therefrom should be carefully safeguarded. The principle of the law is that the water is public' property and that any rights to the use of it do not convey any property in it but are granted for beneficial use in connection with a specific location. If any larger right were permitted to exist, a right to water might be held speculatively and not used beneficially. One person or company might get control of the water and have a monopoly which would place the owners of lands dependent on the stream at their mercy. The evidence of experience is against the unrestricted transfer of water rights and the proper policy seems to be to adhere in the main to the principle already established by the Act of making the right to the use of water appurtenant to the land. The Farmers' Association asked that migration companies should be required to maintain and operate all laterals under their respective systems. This req; related particularly to the Alberta Eailway and Irrigation Company. The arrange- ment ftat this company should maintain and operate the main laterals, and not the subsidiary laterals supplying the respective parcels of land, was a matter of agree- ment between the company and the representatives of the persons who proposd to settle on the tract supplied from its canal, and when the form of agreement was sub- mitted to the department for approval it was the embodiment of an arrangement which had been arrived at as mutually satisfactory to the parties interested, and on that ground it was approved. The department having already given its approval of the agreement and the works having been carried on and contracts entered into in vii REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FORESTRY 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 accordance therewith, the department would hardly now have authority to alter the terms of the agreement. The practice usually followed is that the companies should build only the main laterals, but the Canadian Pacific Railway Company has made a departure from this practice by undertaking- to construct ditches to carry the water to each quarter section. Several amendments to the Irrigation Act were submitted to parliament and became law. The principal provisions are as follows : Representations had been made by the union of municipalities that authority might be given under the Irrigation Act for the crossing of municipalities, including roads and public places, in such a way as to override the rights of municipalities. The Act was therefore amended to provide that such crossing should not be made without the consent of the municipality, but that an appeal might be made by either party to the Dominion Board of Railway Commissioners if mutually satisfactory terms could not be reached. The Farmers' Association of Southern Alberta asked that irrigation, companies should be required to construct and maintain bridges across their works at all travelled roads. An amendment was made to the IrrigationAct providing that where the Board of Railway Commissioners authorized the construction of a road across the works of an irrigation company at any road allowance established by the Dominion, lands system of survey the bridges and approaches should be constructed and main- tained by the company. The Canadian Pacific Railway Company submitted for approval a form of agree- ment for the grant of water rights which they proposed to use in connection with their irrigation project. This agreement was, after alteration in some important respects, approved. As, however, it was found that apparently authority for approval or dis- approval of the whole agreement did not rest with the minister an amendment was made to the Irrigation Act to provide that such forms should be. wholly subject to the approval of the minister. In order to facilitate dealing with drainage projects within the area covered by the scope of the Irrigation Act the Act was also amended to provide that, on applica- tion by the provincial authorities and a report from the Commissioner of Irrigation that the proposal would not interfere with any irrigation works or the future develop- ment of irrigation, any drainage scheme might be carried out under the provincial statute. PARES. Toward the end of the fiscal year the Dominion parks were transferred to the chsrge of this branch of the department. They include the Rocky Mountains Park of Canada, Yoho Park, Glacier Park, Jasper Park, Elk Park and Buffalo Park. The administration of these parks was organized by placing in general charge Mr. Howard Douglas, Superintendent of the Rocky Mountains Park, with the title of Commissioner of Dominion Parks. Mr. Geo. E. Hunter, assistant to Mr. Douglas, was promoted to the position of Superintendent of the Rocky Mountains Park. Mr. 0. D. Hoar is continued as Superintendent of Yoho Park and Mr. W. C. Simmons in charge of Elk Park. The fencing of Elk Park was completed and the herd of buffalo imported from Montana to the number of four hundred were placed therein and from reports received are doing well. To provide for the whole herd properly a new reserve was set apart known as the Buffalo Park covering lands in townships 42, 43 and 44, ranges 6, 7, 8 and 9, west of the 4th meridian. This tract is open rolling country with bluffs iof poplar and is specially well suited as a run for the buffalo. As it is proposed to bring in the remainder of the herd of buffalo during the present year tenders were invited for the construction of a fence surrounding this park. The fence is to be of wire, similar to that constructed around Elk Park. The fence will be nine feet high to the top of the wire and the 14 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR vii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 wooden posts are to be fifteen feet long and to be firmly set not less than three and one-half feet in the ground. It is expected that this will make a strong and sub- stantial fence well suited for the purpose for which it is erected. Tenders for this fence were opened at Edmonton on April 10, 1908, by Mr. Douglas in the presence of Mr. John Stocks, Deputy Commissioner of Public Works for the province of Alberta, and of the agent of Dominion lands at Edmonton. Seven- teen tenders for all or part of the work were received, the lowest being for $58,998.10 from the Ideal Fence Company, Limited, and John Breckenridge, and the contract was therefore awarded to them. The contract requires the completion of the fence by August 1, and it is proposed to bring in the remainder of the buffalo in September. Respectfully submitted, R. H. CAMPBELL. Supeiintendent of Forestry. S( hemes dealt with under the Irrigation Act, 1S94 to 1908. - Irrigation. Domestic. Industrial. Other. Total. 331 141 152 38 36 19 14 3 128 SO lis 10 42 12 18 12 537 252 Works authorized 222 63 184 721 Domestic. — Household and sanitary purposes, the watering of stock and the work- ing of agricultural machinery by steam. Industrial. — The working of railways and factories by steam. Other. — Chiefly municipal water supply systems. TIMBER REGULATIONS. Established by an Order of His Excellency the Governor General in Council, dated the 19th day of december, 1907. disposal of licenses. 1. Licenses to cut timber on Dominion lands in the provinces of Manitoba, Sas- katchewan and Alberta, the Northwest Territories, within twenty miles on either side of the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway in the province of British Columbia and in the tract of three and one-half million acres to be located by the government of the Dominion in the Peace River district in the province of British Columbia, lying east of the Rocky Mountains and adjoining the province of Alberta, shall be disposed of by public auction fit the office of the Dominion timber agent for the dis- trict in which the berths are situated. 2. Before any parcel of timber is offered for sale it shall be surveyed by a duly qualified Dominion land surveyor into berths of an area not exceeding twenty-five square miles, and each of such berths shall then be thoroughly cruised by a duly quali- fied timber cruiser in the employ of the Dominion government, who shall make as exact an estimate as possible of the quantity of timber on the berth, ascertain its vii REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FORESTRY 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 general condition, its accessibility, and any other matters that may be necessary to determine the value of the timber and to enable the Minister of the Interior to fix an upset price, and shall furnish a report thereon under oath to the minister. The minister shall then fix an upset price at which the berth shall be disposed of and no berth shall be sold at less than the price so fixed. 3. No license shall be disposed of until notice of the sale has been given for a period of not less than sixty days in a newspaper published in the district in which ithe berth is located and also in a newspaper having a general circulation in ithe province. 4. There shall be kept in the Department of the Interior at Ottawa a list of per- sons to whom notice of all sales of timber shall be sent. Any person making applica- tion in writing shall be entitled to have his name placed on the said list and no name shall be removed therefrom until after the expiration of sixty days from the date of a notice to be given in writing to the person so named and sent by mail to his last known address. 5. The notice of sale shall give the distinguishing number, the description and area of the berth, the upset price, the place and the day and hour at which such sale is to be held. 6. Purchases to the amount of one thousand dollars or under shall be paid in cash at the time of sale. Purchases over one thousand dollars and not exceeding five thousand dollars, shall be paid one-half in cash at the time of sale and a note or notes shall be given for the remaining half of the purchase price payable in three months with interest at the rate of five per centum per annum. Purchases over five thousand dollars and not exceeding ten thousand dollars shall be paid one-third in cash at the time of sale and notes shall be given for the remaining two-thirds of the purchase price payable in three and six months with interest at the rate of five per centum per annum. Purchases exceeding ten thousand dollars shall be paid one-fourth in cash at the time of sale and notes shall be given for the remaining three-fourths of the purchase price, payable in three, six and nine months with interest at the rate of five per centum per annum. Notes given as herein provided shall be made payable at a bank in the city or town in which the sale is held, or at a bank in the city of Ottawa. Cash payments must be made at the time of sale in legal tender or by an accepted cheque on a chartered bank, or by a draft issued by a chartered bank payable to the order of the Deputy Minister of the Interior. If default is made in any pay- ment required by this section the sale shall be forfeited and void. (b) The purchaser must also pay the cost or the estimated cost of the survey of the berth before a license is issued. 7. Persons to whom berths are awarded at a sale shall sign a contract agreeing to carry out and complete the purchase on the terms and conditions of sale, according to the following form : — District of , Berth No. I of , having bid for the berth above named the sum of $ dollars, and said bid having been accepted, do hereby promise and agree to carry out and com- pVte the same forthwith in accordance with the terms and conditions of sale as set forth in the notice of sale dated at the day of and in the regulations for the disposal of timber under license established by His Excel- lency the Governor General in Council. Witness, LICENSES. 8. No license for any timber berth shall be issued until the full amount of the purchase price,' the cost or estimated cost of survey, and the ground rent for the first year have been paid. (6) The licensee shall be entitled to a refund of any amount overpaid on account of the survey of the berth and if the amount paid on this account at the date of sale 16 DEPARTMENT OF Till: INTERIOR vii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 is not equal to the cost of survey as finally determined he shall pay such additional sum as may be necessary to make up the full cost of survey. 9. All timber licenses shall expire mi the thirtieth day of April next after the date from which they are granted. 10. The license shall vest in the licensee, subject to the conditions mentioned in the license, all right of property whatsoever in all trees, timber, lumber and other pro- ducts of timber which he is entitled by the license to cut and which have been cut within the berth during the continuance thereof whether such trees, timber, lumber or other products be cut by authority of the licensee or by any other person with or without his consent ; and shall vest in the licensee, as against any person other than the Crown in the right of the Dominion, subject to the conditions mentioned in the license, all right of property whatsoever in all trees, timber, lumber and other pro- ducts of lumber cut within the berth during the continuance thereof by any other person without his consent; and shall entitle the licensee to seize in replevin, reven- dieation or otherwise, as his property, timber of any kind cut upon the berth, where the same is found in possession of any unauthorized person, and also to bring any action or suit at law or in equity against any person unlawfully in possession of any such timber, or of any lands within the berth, and to prosecute any person to con- viction and punishment for any offence in connection with such timber or land, and all proceedings pending at the expiration of the license may be continued and com- pleted as if the same had not expired. 11. A license shall be renewable from year to year while there is on the berth timber of the kind and dimensions described in the license in sufficient quantity to be commercially valuable, if the terms and conditions of the license and the provisions of the Dominion Lands Act and of the regulations affecting the same have been fulfilled : Provided that such renewal shall be subject to the payment of such rental and dues and to such terms and conditions as are fixed by the regulations in force at the time renewal is made. 12. Whenever any portion of a timber berth has not upon it timber of the kind and dimensions described in the license in sufficient quantity to make it commercially valuable the Minister of the Interior may, after an inspection has been made, declare such portion fit for settlement and withdraw it from the berth and from the opera- tions of the license covering it : Provided that no withdrawal shall be made unless the licensee has had sixty i lays' notice thereof, and that the Minister of the Interior is satisfied that the same can be made without unduly interfering with the operations of the licensee on the berth, and that, upon such withdrawal, the ground rent shall be reduced in proportion to the area withdrawn. 13. If the Minister of the Interior ascertains, after an inspection has been made, that any land within a timber berth is fit for settlement and is required for that pur- pose, he may require the licensee to carry on the cutting of timber provided for by clause 32 of these regulations on the said land, and on the expiration of the time within which the timber which the licensee is entitled to cut should be removed therefrom, may withdraw such land from the berth and from the operations of the license cover- ing it. 14. If the survey of any timber berth heretofore granted or which may be granted hereafter is not completed at the expiration of the period fixed in the advertisement of the sale of such berth or, in the absence of such provision in the advertisement, by the thirty-first day of December, 1907, such failure to complete the survey shall be deemed an infraction of these regulations and shall render the license liable to for- feiture as provided therein. (i) Provided, however, that the Minister of the Interior may. instead of declar- ing a berth forfeited for failure to complete the survey thereof, require the licensee to pay to the Crown the sum of ten dollars for each day after a date to be fixed by the said minister by notice mailed to the licensee nt his last known address during which vli REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FORESTRY 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 the survey shall remain uncompleted and such sum shall he payable whenever demand is made therefor by the proper officer of the Department of the Interior. 15. If, in consequence of any incorrectness in survey or other error or cause whatever, a timber berth is found to comprise lands included in another berth awarded at a prior date, or any lands sold, granted, leased or lawfully set .apart for any other purpose under these regulations or the Dominion Lands Act, the latter berth shall be void in so far as it interferes with any previous sale, grant or setting apart. 16. Any right to a timber berth cannot be assigned or transferred without the consent of the Minister of the Interior. The fee for the registration of an assign- ment of a timber berth or of any interest therein shall be at the rate of one dollar for each square mile covered by the berth, but in no case shall such fee be less than two dollars. 17. The following is the form of license to be issued for timber berths : Know all men by these presents, that by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Dominion Lands Act, and by an order of His Excellency the Governor General in Council of the day of , I, the Minister of the Interior of Canada, do hereby in consideration of the sum of , ground rent, now paid to me for the use of His Majesty King Edward the Seventh, and in consideration of the dues hereinafter mentioned give unto , hereinafter called the licensee, his executors and administrators, full right, power, and license, subject to the condi- tions hereafter mentioned and contained, and such other conditions and restrictions a? are in that behalf contained in the Dominion Lands Act and the amendments thereto, and in the regulations respecting timber passed by the Governor General in Council, to cut timber on the following tract of land (hereinafter called the 'berth' or 'berths,') that is to say : and to take and keep exclusive possession of the said lands, except as hereinafter mentioned for and during the period of one year from the first day of May, , to the thirtieth day of April, , and no longer. This license shall vest in the licensee subject to the conditions mentioned in the license all right of property whatsoever in all trees, timber, lumber and other pro- ducts of timber which he is entitled by the license to cut, and which have been cut within the berth during the continuance thereof, whether such trees, timber, lumber or other products be cut by authority of the licensee or by any other person with or without his consent ; and shall vest in the licensee as against any person other than the Crown in the right of the Dominion, subject to the conditions mentioned in the license, all right of property whatsoever in all trees, timber, lumber and other products of lumber cut within the berth during the continuance thereof by any other person without his consent ; and shall entitle the licensee to seize in replevin, revendication or otherwise, as his property, all timber of any kind cut upon the berth where the same is found in the possession of any unauthorized person, and also to bring any action or suit at law or in equity against any person unlawfully in possession of any such timber or of any lands within the berth and to prosecute any person, to convic- tion and punishment for any offence in connection with such timber or land, and all proceedings pending at the expiration of the license may be continued and completed as if the same had not expired. This license is subject to the following conditions and restrictions in addition to such of the conditions and restrictions as are in that behalf contained in the Dominion Lands Act and the amendments thereto and in the regulations respecting timber passed by order of His Excellency the Governor General in Council. (a) That the licensee shall not have the right thereunder to cut timber of a less diameter than ten inches at the stump except such as may be actually necessary for the construction of roads and other works to facilitate the taking out of merchantable timber, and shall not have the right to cut any trees that may be designated by the proper officer of the Department of the Interior as required to provide a supply of seed for the reproduction of the forest. 25 — vii — 2 18 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR vil 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 (h) The licensee shall be entitled to a renewal of his license from year to year while there is on the berth timber of the kind and dimensions described in the license in sufficient quantity to be commercially valuable, if the terms and conditions of the license and the provisions of the Dominion Lands Act and of the regulations affecting the same have been fulfilled : Provided that such renewal shall be subject to the payment of such rental and (lues and to such terms and conditions as are fixed by the regulations in force at the time renewal is made. (c) Whenever any portion of the berth hereby licensed has not upon it timber of the kind and dimensions described in the license in sufficient quantity to make it commercially valuable the Minister of the Interior may, after an inspection has been made, declare such portion fit for settlement and withdraw it from the berth and from the operations of the license covering it : Provided that no withdrawal shall be made unless the licensee has had sixty days' notice thereof ; and that the Minister of the Interior is satisfied that the same can be made without unduly interfering with the operations of the licensee on the berth, and that, upon such withdrawal the ground rent shall be reduced in proportion to the area withdrawn. (d) If the Minister of the Interior ascertains, after an inspection has been made that any land within the berth hereby licensed is fit for settlement and required for that purpose he may require the licensee to carry on the cutting of timber provided for by clause 32 of these regulations on the said land, and on the expiration of the time within which the timber which the licensee is entitled to cut should be removed there- from, may withdraw such land from the berth and from the operations of the license covering it, and upon such withdrawal the ground rent shall be reduced in proportion to the area withdrawn. (e) That the licensee shall take from every tree he cuts down all the timber fit for use and manufacture the same into sawn lumber or some such saleable product, and shall dispose of the tops and branches and other debris of lumbering operations in such a way as to prevent as far as possible the danger of fire in accordance n the directions of the proper officers of the Department of the Interior. ( f) That the licensee shall prevent all unnecessary destruction of growing timber on the part of his men and exercise strict and constant supervision to prevent the origin or spread of fires. (g) That the licensee shall furnish to the Dominion Timber Agent having juris- diction in the matter at such periods as may be required by the Minister of the Interior or by regulations under the Dominion Lands Act, returns sworn to by him or his agent or employee, cognizant of the facts, showing the quantities manufactured, sold or disposed of, of all sawn lumber, timber, or any other product of timber from the berth, with the exception of slabs and saw-dust, in whatever form the same may be sold or otherwise disposed of by him during such period, and the price or value thereof. (h) In lieu of or in addition to the returns provided for by the preceding clause the Minister of the Interior may require that every licensee shall furnish during each year to the Dominion Timber Agent having jurisdiction in the matter at such periods as may be required by the Minister of the Interior, through himself, his scaler or foreman, or through all of them, a statement in writing in detail, under oath, setting forth the number of pieces of timber, saw-logs and other material cut, caused to be cut or taken under his license during such period, and the correct contents in board measure of the same, as shown by Scribner's log rule, if the timber has been cut in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, or the Northwest Territories, and by the British Columbia log scale when cut within the railway belt of British Columbia. (t) That the licensee shall pay, in addition to the said ground rent, dues in the manner ]|V0°cribed in section 21 of the Timber Regulations, and also one-half of the cost incurred by the Crown in guarding the timber from fire, the government paying the other half. A statement will be furnished the licensee showing his share of the vi! REPORT OF TEE SUPERINTENDENT OF FORESTRY 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 cost incurred and payment thereof shall be made to the Crown within thirty days thereafter. (i) That the licensee shall keep a ' lumber sales book,' in which shall be entered all sales of the products of the berth, both cash and credit sales, also a book account- ing for the number of feet of sawn lumber manufactured each day at the mill, with the day and date; all books and memoranda kept at the logging-camps shall be care- fully preserved and these and other books kept by the licensee in connection with his lumbering business he shall submit for the inspection of the Dominion Timber Agent or other officer of the Crown whenever required for the purpose of verifying his returns aforesaid. (k) This license shall be subject to the right of the Crown to deal in accordance with the provisions of the said Act, and the regulations made under it by the Gover- nor in Council with any and all stone, coal and other minerals found within the limits of the berth licensed ; and the Crown shall have the right in dealing as above provided, with any stone, coal or other minerals in lands licensed as timber limits to authorize the persons to whom such stone, coal or other minerals are granted to take possession of and occupy such extent of the land so licensed as is necessary to work such stone, coal or other minerals, and to open necessary roads through any such timber berth, paying the licensee of the berth the value of any and all timber of a diameter of ten inches at the stump and upwards, necessarily cut in making such roads or in working the quarries or mines, such value in case of dispute to be fixed by the Minister of the Interior; and the provisions of this clause shall operate retrospectively, that is to say: they shall apply to all licenses of timber berths heretofore granted under any Act respecting Dominion lands, as if they had been contained in such Act when it was passed. (0 This license shall be subject to forfeiture on the order of the minister for violation of any of the conditions to which it is subject or for any fraudulent returns: Provided that in case the minister shall decide to exercise the power of forfeiture conferred by this section the licensee shall have the right within thirty days of formal notification to him in writing by the minister of his intention to declare such for- feiture, and which notification shall be deemed to be sufficient if addressed to the place last known to the minister as the address of the licensee, to appeal against such notification of forfeiture to the judge of any competent court of the district having jurisdiction in matters of contract. The licensee shall within thirty days of the notification to him by the minister notify the minister in writing of appeal taken and pending the report within reasonable delay from the judge on the question of appeal, no declaration of forfeiture shall be made by the minister. The judge to whom appeal is taken shall report to the minister his finding in the case and on receipt of such report the minister may proceed under this section in accordance with his finding and in case the finding be in favour of the minister the judge shall, when transmitting his report, issue a summons directed to the appellant calling upon him forthwith to vacate or abandon or to cease using the berth and if, upon the return of the summons it appears that he has not vacated or abandoned or ceased using the said berth, the judge shall make an order or warrant for his summary removal from the berth and the said order or warrant shall be executed by the sheriff, bailiff, constable or other person to whom it is delivered : Provided that such report by the judge shall be appealable by either side in like manner as any other decision of the said court ; And provided further that if the violation of the regulations refers merely to payment of money due under the license, the minister may waive the power of for- feiture on payment of double the amount found by the judge to be due, and costs, and may enforce payment in the manner provided for by the Dominion Lands Act and the timber regulations and take such action in regard to all other matters of for- feiture as may arise and be provided for by this section and the Dominion Lands Act. 25— vii— 2J 20 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR vii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 (m) That should any railway company become entitled to a grant from His Majesty or his successors of any portion of the lands hereby demised whether as part of their land subsidy provided for by the statutes of Canada, or for the road-bed of the railway, or its branches, or for stations, station-grounds, work-shops, dock-yards and water frontage on navigable waters, building yards and other appurtenances required for the convenient and effectual construction and working of the railway and its branches, and if His Majesty or his successors grant the same, the land so granted, shall so soon as due notice thereof in writing has been served upon the licensee, or his legal representatives, lie withdrawn from the operation of this license, but the licensee or his leyal representatives shall be at librty to remove all timber then cut and all property belonging to him on the lands thereby withdrawn from the operation of this license, and the ground rent shall be reduced in proportion to the area with- drawn. (n) This license cannot be assigned or transferred without the consent of the Minister of the Interior. • (o) The licensee shall have in operation within one year from a date when he is notified by the proper officer of the Department of the Interior that the Minister of the Interior regards such a step necessary or expedient in the public interest, and keep in operation for at least six months of each year of his holding, a saw-mill in connection with the berth herein described, capable of cutting in twenty-four hours a thousand feet board measure for every two and one-half square miles of the area licensed. (p\ Any notice, demand or other communication which His Majesty or the Min- ister of the Interior may require or desire to give or serve upon the licensee may be validly given and served by the Secretary or Assistant-Secretary of the Department of the Interior. Dated at Ottawa, this day of , one thousand nine hundred and Deputy of the Minister of the Interior. I accept this license and agree to all the terms and conditions thereof. Licensee. RENTAL AND DUES. IS. The licensee shall pay an annual ground rent of five dollars per square mile except for lands situated to the west of Yale, in the province of British Columbia, in ■which case the yearly ground rent shall be five cents per acre. 19. Within thirty days after the date of awarding a timber berth the person in whose favour it is awarded shall pay rent for the year in advance and if not then paid the said rent shall bear interest at the rate of five per centum per annum from that date until the same is paid. 20. The lessee shall pay the following dues on timber cut on his berths : Sawn lumber, fifty cents per thousand feet board measure. Railway ties, eight feet long, one and one-half cents each; railway ties, nine feet long, one and three-quarter cents each. Shingle bolts, twenty-five cents per cord, and five per cent on the sale of all other products of the berth : Provided, however, that the licensees will not be required to pay royalty dues on the sale of slabs or on saw-dust. (&) Licensees of timber berths may be permitted under the supervision of an officer of the Department of the Interior to cut and remove burnt timber from their berths on payment of one-half the dues prescribed by the regulations. 21. One-half the cost incurred by the Crown for guarding the timber from fire shall be defrayed by the licensee thereof, the Crown defraying the other half. vil REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FORESTRY 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 22. All ground rents, royalties, or other dues on timber cut within the boundaries of any timber berths, which are not paid at the time when they become due, shall bear interest at the rate of five per centum per annum until paid, and shall be a lien on any timber cut within such limits or on other Dominion lands by the licensee or his agents; and in case of such non-payment whether in consequence thereof the license of the berth has or has not been cancelled the Dominion Timber Agent or other person authorized thereto may, with the sanction of the Minister of the Interior, seize so much of the timber cut on such berth or other Dominion lands by the licensee or his agents as will, in his opinion, be sufficient to secure the payment of such rent or royalty and all interest and expenses of seizure and sale, and may detain the same as security for the payment thereof; and if payment is not made within three months after such seizure, he may, with the sanction of the Minister of the Interior, sell such timber by public auction ; and after deducting the sum due to the Crown, the interest thereon and expenses aforesaid, he shall pay over the balance if any, to the licensee, if the timber was in his possession at the time of seizure, or if it was not, to the person who had possession thereof at the time : Provided that if no bid equal to the amount due the Crown is made at such pub- lic auction such timber may be disposed of at private sale. 23. All timber cut under license shall be liable for the payment of the Crown dues thereon, whenever and wherever the said timber or any part of it is found, whether it is or is not converted into deals, boards or any other manufacture of wood ; and all officers or agents employed in the collection of such dues may follow all such tim- ber and may seize and detain it wherever it is found until the dues thereon are paid or secured, as provided in the next preceding- section. 24. If the payment of the dues on any timber has been evaded by any licensee or other person, by the removal of such timber or products out of Canada, or otherwise, the amount of dues so evaded and any expense incurred by the Crown in enforcing payment of the said dues under the Dominion Lands Act may be added to the dues remaining to be collected on any other timber cut on any timber berth by the licensee or by his authority, and may be levied and collected or secured on such timber, together with such last-mentioned dues, in the manner hereinbefore provided ; or the amount due to the Crown, of which payment has been evaded, may be recovered by action or suit in the name of the Minister of the Interior or his agent, in any court of competent jurisdiction. 25. The Minister of the Interior may take or authorize the taking of bonds or promissory notes for any money due to the Crown, as aforesaid, or, in his discretion, for double the amount of any dues, penalties and costs incurred or to be incurred, and may, if it is under seizure, then release any timber upon which the same would be leviable, but the taking of such bonds or notes shall not affect the right of the Crown to enforce payment of such money, and the debt shall be a lien on any timber cut on the same or on any other berth by the licensee or by his authority, if the sums for which such bonds or notes are given are not paid when due. RETURNS OF MANUFACTURE. 26. The licensee shall in each year furnish to the Dominion Timber Agent having jurisdiction in the matter at such periods as may be required by the Minister of the Interior returns sworn to by him or his agent or employee, cognizant of the facts, showing the quantities manufactured, sold or disposed of, of all sawn lumber, timber, or any other product of timber from the berth, with the exception of slabs or saw-dust, in whatever from the same may be sold or otherwise disposed of by him during such period and the price or value thereof. 2Y. In lieu of or in addition to the returns provided for by the preceding section of these regulations, the Minister of the Interior may require that every licensee shall furnish during each year to the Dominion Timber Agent having jurisdiction in the matter at such periods as may be required by the Minister of the Interior, through himself, his scaler, or foreman, or through all of them, a statement in writing in 22 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR vli 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 detail, under oath, setting forth the number of pieces of timber, saw-logs and other material cut, caused to be cut or taken under his license during such period, and the correct contents in board measure of the same, as shown by Scribner's log rule, if the timber lias been cut in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, or the Northwest Terri- tories, and by the British Columbia log scale when cut within the railway belt of British Columbia. 28. It is required that all licensees, through themselves, their scalers and fore- men, shall furnish proofs on oath on the first day of May of each year, or at such other time as the Minister of the Interior may direct, as to the exact locality, by a ground sketch, where all timber, saw-logs or other lumber cut by themselves and others, to their knowledge, upon the timber berth held or occupied by him or them, respectively, have been cut. 29. All timber before being put into any stream or lake to be floated to the mill must be marked with a stamp furnished by the licensee and approved by the Domin- ion Timber Agent, a copy of said stamp to be placed on record in the Dominion Timbe,- Office. •"". On the arrival of any raft, or parcel of timber or saw-logs, cut or taken from Dominion lands, at the place where the same is to be manufactured or sold, and before the same becomes mixed with the timber or saw-logs, the owners or persons in charge thereof shall report the same to the Dominion Timber Agent having jurisdic- tion in the matter, making, if required, declaration upon oath as to where the said timber was cut, the number of pieces and the description of each kind of wood con- tained in such raft or parcel of timber and contents thereof in board measure, and should the Dominion Timber Agent not be satisfied with the correctness of such report, he shall cause a strict count and scale to be made, of the timber on such raft ; and on being satisfied of the correctness of such report or count, the Dominion Tim- ber Agent may grant a clearance in due form for such raft, when the same may be at the disposal of the owner or person in charge of the same. Should the number of pieces given in the report of the owner or person in charge be found by the specifica- tion of measurement to contain a greater number of pieces or contain a greater num- ber of feet in board measure than is given by the owner or agent's report, the surplus number of pieces or overplus if not satisfactorily explained, shall be held as having been cut on Dominion lands without authority and subject to payment of dues accord- ingly. This clause only to have force in case of a licensee making payment of dues on the quantity of lumber contained in the timber or saw-log by log scale. MANUFACTURE. 31. All timber taken from berths acquired under the provisions of these regula- tions shall be manufactured within the Dominion of Canada and all timber taken from a berth in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta or the Northwest Territories must be manufactured at the saw-mill of the licensee to be operated in connection with the berth as prescribed by section 32 of these regulations unless permission otherwise is given by the Minister of the Interior as provided by the said section. 32. The licensee shall have in operation within one year from the date when he is notified by the proper officer of the Department of the Interior that the Minister of the Interior regards such a step necessary or expedient in the public interest, and keep in operation for at least six months of each year of his holding, a saw-mill in connection with his berth, capable of cutting in twenty-four hours one thousand feet board measure for every two and a half square miles of the area licensed, or shall establish such other manufactory of wood goods as the Minister of the Interior accepts as equivalent thereto. (6) Provided, however, that, notwithstanding anything in these regulations, a licensee may in lieu of erecting a mill be permitted to have the timber cut from the berth or berths held by him manufactured at a mill which is not his own property, provided that he cuts from the said berth or berths at the rate of one hundred thous- and feet annually for each square mile held by him under license. vi! REPORT OF TEE SUPERINTENDENT OF FORESTRY 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 CUTTING TIMBER WITHOUT AUTHORITY. 33. If any person without authority or in contravention of the timber regulations, cuts, or employs or induces any other person to cut or assist in cutting any timber of any kind on Dominion lands, or removes or carries away, or employs or induces or assists any other person to remove or carry away any timber of any kind so cut, he shall not acquire any right to such timber, or any claim for remuneration for cut- ting the same, preparing the same for market or conveying the same towards market; and when the timber has been removed out of the reach of the timber officers, or it is otherwise found impossible to seize it, he shall incur a penalty not exceeding three dollars for each tree which, or any part of which, he is proved to have cut or carried away, or assisted to cut or carry away; and such sum shall be recoverable with costs, at the suit and in the name of the Crown, in any court having jurisdiction in civil matters to the amount of the penalty; and in all cases the burden of proof of authority to cut and take the timber shall lie on the person charged ; and the aver- ment of the person seizing or prosecuting, that he is duly employed under the authority of the Dominion Lands Act, shall be sufficient proof thereof, unless the defendant proves the contrary. 34. Whenever any timber agent or officer receives satisfactory information, supported by affidavit or solemn declaration made before a justice of the peace or before any other competent officer or person, that any timber has been cut on Domin- ion lands without authority or in contravention of the timber regulations, or if any timber officer or agent, from other sources of information or his own knowledge, is aware that any timber has been cut without authority on any such lands, he may seize or cause to be seized, the timber so reported or known to be cut, wherever it is found, and place the same under proper custody, until the matter is decided by com- petent authority. 35. If the timber reported or known to have been cut without authority or in contravention of the timber regulations has been made up with other timber into a crib, dram or raft, or in any other manner has, at any mill or elsewhere, been so mixed up with other timber as to render it impossible or very difficult to distinguish the timber so cut without authority from the other timber, the whole shall be held to have been cut without authority, and shall be liable to seizure and forfeiture accordingly, unless the holder separates to the satisfaction of the timber agent, the timber cut without authority from the other. 36. Whenever any timber agent or other officer or agent is in doubt as to whethei any timber has or has not been cut without authority or in contravention of the tim- ber regulations, or is or is not liable to dues on the whole or any part thereof, .he may inquire of the person or persons in possession or in charge of such timber, as to when and where the same was cut; and if no satisfactory explanation, on oath or other- wise, as he requires, is given to him, he may seize and detain such timber until proof is made to the satisfaction of the Minister of the Interior, or of such timber agen* or officer, that such timber was not cut without authority, and is not liable, either in whole or in part, to dues of any kind; and if such proof is not made within thirty days after such seizure, such timber may be dealt with as timber cut without authority, or on which the dues have not been paid, according to the circumstances of the case ; and the dues thereon may be recovered as hereinbefore provided. 37. If any timber, or any product thereof, is seized under the provisions of the Dominion Lands Act by any timber agent or officer, he may allow such timber or product thereof to be removed and disposed of, on receiving sufficient security, by bond or 'otherwise to his satisfaction, for the full value thereof, or in his discretion for payment of double the amount of all dues and the penalties and costs incurred or imposed thereon, as the case may be. 38. All timber seized under the Dominion Lands Act shall be deemed to be forfeited, unless the owner thereof or the person from whom it was seized, within one month from the day of the seizure, gives notice to the seizing officer or to the timber 24 DEPARTMENT OF TBE INTERIOR vii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 agent or officer under whose authority the seizure was made, that he intends to con- test the seizure; and if, within fifteen days thereafter the claimant has not instituted proceedings before a court of competent jurisdiction to contest the seizure, or if the decision of the court is against him or if the claimant fails duly to prosecute such proceedings in the opinion of the judge before whom such ease is tried, who may for that cause dismiss the suit on the expiration of three months from the date on which it was instituted, the timber may be confiscated and may. after thirty days' notice posted up at the place where the same is confiscated, be sold by public auction, by order of the Minister of the Interior. 2. The Minister of the Interior may. if he sees cause for so doing, instead of con- fiscating timber cut on Dominion lands without authority or in contravention of the timber regulations, impose a penalty which, in addition to all costs incurred, shall be levied on such timber ; and in default of payment of the whole on demand, he may, after a notice of fifteen days, sell such timber by public auction, and may. in bis discretion, retain the whole proceeds of such sale, or the amount of the penalty and costs only. 3. In the event of there being no bid equal to '.the amount due the Crown for timber put up at public auction under this section the minister may dispose of the same by private sale. 39. Whenever any timber is seized for non-payment of dues, or for any cause of forfeiture, or any prosecution is instituted for any penalty or forfeiture under the Dominion Lands Act, and any question arises as to whether the said timber was cut on other than Dominion lands, the burden of proving payment, or of proving on what land the said timber was cut, shall lie on the owner or claimant of such timber. 40. Any officer or person seizing timber in the discharge of his duty under the Dominion Lands Act may, in the name of the Crown, call in any assistance necessary for securing and protecting the timber so seized. APPENDIX No. 1. REPORT OF NORMAN M. ROSS, DISTRICT SUPERINTENDENT OF FORESTRY. Forest Nursery Station, Indian Head, Saskatchewan, April 1, 1908. R. H. Campbell, Esq., Superintendent of Forestry, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my eighth annual report of the work carried on under your instructions since April 3, 1907. The growing season of 1907 was a most exceptional one in many ways and though favourable to tree-growth in the cases of older plantations, was not at all a satisfactory one for those set out in the spring or for the raising of general nursery crops. The winter of 1906-7 was an extremely severe one, the cold weather continuing until very late in the spring. We were unable to commence our distribution until May 16, nearly three weeks later than the average season. Distribution was completed on May 31. but even at this late date the young shoots had not started to sprout. The season all through was unusually cold and in some sections very dry. conse- quently growth in the new plantations was much less on the average than in past seasons. The seed sown in the preceding fall (1906) was very late in germinating and, although all the stock attained a fair size, it was not so large nor so well matured as in other years. vii REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FORESTRY 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 The reports sent in by the tree-planting inspectors continue, as usual, very favour- able. They all report increasing interest in the work throughout the country gener- ally and give most satisfactory unl as to the progress of the older plantations. Some of the earlier plantings set out in 1901 and 1902 I have had an opportunity of seeing myself and find that these trees have now attained a height of from fifteen to eighteen feet, forming- a splendid shelter to each other and to the buildings and garden plots which they surround. In very few cases have the plantations been neglected or are altogether unsuccessful. When, however, it is considered that several thousand separate plantations have been established all over the prairies one cannot be reason- ably surprised at a small percentage of failures. It is not always easy for a settler just starting a new home on the prairie, to find time to give all the attention he might wish to the cultivation of trees. Occasionally sickness, unfavourable weather, loss of horses or any of numerous other troubles can easily upset all previous plans making it impossible for him to care for his plantation. As before stated the actual number of unsuccessful plantations is very small indeed. After this spring's distribution the total number of seedlings sent out since 1901 will be over 11,000,000. In addition to this a considerable quantity of seed has been distributed from time to time, thus enabling many farmers to grow their own seedlings. This spring (1908), we have sent out 310 lots of maple and ash seed of from three-quarters of a pound to three pounds each. The tree-planting inspectors employed last season were as follows : — In Manitoba, Messrs. A. P. Stevens and F. W. H. Jacombe; in Saskatchewan and Alberta, Messrs. Angus Macintosh, Walter Guiton. John Caldwell and John Kennedy. The greatest increase in the number of fresh applications is in Saskatchewan and Alberta where the construction of railroads is opening up much new territory for homesteaders, most of whom seem anxious to avail themselves of government assistance in setting out plantations around their new homes. Three thousand two hundred and six names were on the inspector's lists to be visited during the summer. These were all visited with the exception of some 67 who were either absent from their places or lived too far away to be easily reached. These have been communicated with and the necessary information asked for. Of the above total, 1,414 were fresh applicants ; 365 of these had not sufficiently pre- pared their land and will therefore not receive any trees this spring. This spring (1908) trees will be sent to 1,424 applicants, 375 being men who have already set out plantations under our system of co-operation and wish to further extend them According to provinces the applicants are distributed as follows : — Manitoba, 464 ; Saskatchewan, 659; Alberta, 301. SCOTCH PIKE PLAXTrXG ON" SPRUCE WOODS RESERVE. Since 1904 planting of an experimental nature has been done each spring on the Spruce Woods Reserve near Sewell in Manitoba. The only variety used up to date is the Scotch pine, for the reason that we have not yet been able to work up a stock of white spruce or native pine seedlings. The main object of the present experiments is to see whether two year-old seedlings can be successfully set out in a rough and cheap manner. If the Scotch pine succeeds under these conditions there should be no difficulty in transplanting the seedlings of the more hardy native varieties. Though under favourable conditions it is known that Scotch pine will produce far more tim- ber and of better quality than can ever be expected of the jackpines, still we do not know how far conditions in the west are suitable for it. The largest trees we know of are not more than twenty-five years old and although these appear thrifty and in good condition, it would not do to take too much for granted. Samuel B. Green of the Minnesota Agricultural College, claims that, in the Western States, the Scotch pine deteriorates after the age of about twenty years and is not a valuable variety for prairie planting. Under the circumstances then it 26 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR vll 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 seems advisable that in undertaking any extensive planting on this reserve a con- siderable proportion of the trees set out should be of native varieties of known hardiness. We can, at the nursery here, produce two-year old pine seedlings at a very small cost per thousand as compared with transplanted stock. Labour in the west is very high and it has so far been impossible to procure day men who are at all familiar with such work as transplanting conifers. In consequence they work slowly and, owing to carelessness in planting, a comparatively large percentage of the young seedlings succumb. The hand labour required in the cultivation of the transplant beds, the cost of transplanting and the extra length of time the stock has to remain in the nursery, make an enormous difference between the cost of seedlings and transplanted stock. In fact this difference is so great that it is questionable whether, if trans- planted stock had to be used, planting on a large scale, such as should be done on this reserve, would be a profitable undertaking. Last spring we sent down from Indian Head to the reserve 29,000 two-year pines which were set out in the same manner as those planted in the preceding years, namely, in shallow furrows running east and west. The furrows are spaced about four feet apart and the seedlings planted at the rate of about 2,700 per acre. Since starting this work we have planted out here some 70,000 Scotch pines. The results are very encouraging. The planting of 1905 is commencing to show up above the grass and from now on should make good annual growth. The percentage of plants which have died is comparatively small ; from careful counts it is estimated at not over 18 per cent. This spring's planting was somewhat less successful than that of former seasons o.wing to the very late date at which it could be undertaken, namely, June 7, over twenty days later than last season. The first small planting of 1904 was, unfortunately, burnt up last spring by a prairie fire. A guard had been ploughed around the plantation but the wind was very high and the fire jumped it. Until some suitable system of fire-guards is established it would of course be unwise to do any extensive planting. It is hoped that either this or next season the matter will be attended to in a practical manner. EXHIBITS. An exhibit was, as usual, set up this summer at Brandon, during the annual fair. The character of this exhibit did not differ in any material respect from that made in previous years, a description of which has been made in my former reports. NURSERY WORK. We had last summer on our nursery station 37 acres under nursery crops. Eleven acres of this is in one year old ash which will not be large enough for distribution till the spring of 1909. The remaining area was made up of eleven acres of two-year ash, nine acres of Manitoba maple, three acres native elm two years, and three acres of conifer seedlings and transplants. Owing to the backward spring and the unusually cold season, the growth of the seedlings was not quite up to the usual standard. The maple was from seed picked in North Dakota, as last year no seed of this variety could be picked in Saskatchewan or Manitoba. I am sorry to report that these maple seedlings did not mature up as well as they should have done as the fall was wet and growth kept up till the heavy frosts came. We have heeled in, ready for distribution this spring, the following numbers and varieties : — Maple, 1 year old • 457,000 Ash, 2 years old 655,450 Elm, 2 years old 19^,000 Cottonwood (imported) 400,000 Total 1,710,450 vil REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FORESTRY 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 In the past season we had to depend altogether upon the unprotected plots of the nursery station for raising our stock. The land is new and not yet in the best con- dition for growing seedlings. In the course of a couple of years or so we hope to have very satisfactory shelter, but till the hedges grow up and the land is worked a little more we cannot hope to raise as many seedlings per acre as we did on the highly culti- vated and well sheltered grounds which we had been allowed to use on the experi- mental farm up till last fall. This season an additional twenty-five acres was prepared for sowing during the tfall and following spring. The soil is in fairly good condition but the land is, of course, absolutely bare of shelter. Caragana seed was sown in rows at intervals over this new ground in order to start hedges which will in later years form good wind- breaks. About sixteen acres of green ash and five acres of Manitoba maple were sown in the fall ; the greater part of our maple will be put in this spring. COLLECTION OF SEED. Elm. — I regret very much that we have no one-year elm seedlings, due to the fact that those who had arranged to collect seed for us last June failed to do so. This seed is gathered in the Qu'Appelle Valley some miles north of Indian Head. The trees last summer bore a good crop, and it appeared as if there would be no difficulty in getting plenty of the seed collected. Owing to the backward season, work on the nursery was so pressing that it was not possible to take our own men out to gather the seed as we did the year before. The man who agreed to get the seed picked for us has always proved reliable in past seasons in supplying maple and ash seed. He claimed, however, that the half-breeds who do the work for him found that picking elm seed was too tedious a job. Unfortunately we were not notified of this till it was too late to make other arrangements. Green Ash. — The green ash seed crop last season was an extremely heavy one and we had no difficulty in getting a large supply. In fact the collectors gathered a con- siderable quantity more than we could accept. We had delivered 200 bushels or more of the rough seed. Manitoba Maple. — 'The crop was fairly good but owing to the fact that the ash was more plentiful and more easily picked it was difficult to get the collectors, who are half-breeds and Indians, to gather maple. We were only able to secure about 82 bushels of rough seed. This is ample for our own sowing but will not allow of as much for distribution as we should wish. White Birch. — A few pounds of this seed was collected by Mr. Arch. Mitchell at Edmonton, and sown in the beds last fall. We have had good success in propagating this variety which is very hardy. However, the seedlings require almost the same treatment as the conifers, it being necessary to sow in shaded beds and transplant to nursery rows at one or two years old. The expense in raising this variety in com- parison with the other hardy broad leaf kinds is very much greater. Jachpine (Pinus Divaricaia). — A few bushels of cones were picked by the survey party in the Riding Mountains and shipped to the nursery last fall. The seed was extracted during the winter, producing about two pounds of clean seed. Murryana Pine.- — Cones of this variety were gathered in Cypress Hills, and four and a half pounds of clean seed were extracted at the nursery. White Spruce. — Cones were collected by the survey party in the Riding Moun- tains. After drying nine pounds of clean seed were extracted. Native Tamarack. — Cones collected by the survey party in the Riding Mountains, some seed was extracted in the fall and sown immediately, the remainder cleaned up later. Altogether about seven pounds were obtained. This is the first year that we have been able to get any of this seed and as it is evidently a most uncertain crop it is to be hoped that good results may be obtained from this lot. 28 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR vii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 As the work ogagating conifers at the nursery will undoubtedly be con- siderably extended it would seem necessary to have a suitable room or small building for drying out tbe cones. No difficulty is experienced in opening the white spruce cones. This is very easily accomplished under glass with a few hours7 sunshine. The cones of the jackpines, however, require a very high temperature which must be sustained for several hours. A large quantity of cones can be treated to advantage; only in a specially constructed room where the temperature can be properly regu- lated. The cones of tamarack open fairly readily though they seem to require con- siderably more heal than the spruce. We could not get the seed properly extracted without using artificial heat. CONIFERS. In the spring of 1907 a considerable number of tamarack seedlings were pulled from the swamp southeast of Sewell in Manitoba. In all about 17.000 were shipped for transplanting in the nursery here. These were lined out into rows and have done very well, 77 5 per cent having taken good root. 'When the greatly altered conditions from swamp land to ordinary upland prairie soil are considered this percentage is very favourable. When growing- in the wet swamp moss the seedlings have an extremely poor root system, making it necessary to grow them in nursery rows for at least' one season before planting in permanent plantation. These tamaracks are to be used for demonstration or test plantations to be set out on the nursery here. This variety has proved to be so promising and is of such economic value that it is thought advis- able to test it as thoroughly as possible. About 40,000 two-year seedlings of Scotch pine, murryana pine. Norway spruce and white spruce were transplanted last spring. They did well during the summer but have been very much exposed during the winter owing to lack of snow. At the present date, however, they appear to be in good condition. Conditions on the nursery- are not just yet very favourable for raising young conifers owing to the want of suit- ably sheltered plots for the transplanting beds. When exposed as they are now. the young plants cannot be expected to make the same growth as they would in a well protected nursery. This difficulty will, however, be overcome in a few years when, it is hoped, a good stock of the hardy conifers may be worked up. We have now in nursery rows about 27,000 conifers four and five years old, which will be moved to permanent plantations this spring; the total number of plants in the transplanting beds being- 161.275. There is also a considerable stock of one and two-year seedlings in the shaded beds. Most of the two-year-olds will be transplanted this spring. A considerable length of fresh seed beds will be sown this spring, the principal varieties being Scotch pine, pin us murryana, pinus divaricata, native white spruce, Siberian larch and native larch or tamarack. Small quantities (of other varieties such as picea excelsa septentrionalis (a hardy variety of Norway spruce), picea ajancsis, and others which Jmay prove hardy but which have not yet been tested, will also be sown in an experimental way. PERM ANE.NT PLANTATIONS. Last season no additions were made to the permanent plantations as we had no land suitably prepared which could be spared for this purpose. Both the broad leaf and coniferous plantations are in splendid condition and during the season made very good growth. From measurements made in November the average new growth made by the different varieties is as follows : — Feet. Inches. Maple, planted in 1906, new growth 6 Ash, planted in 1906, new growth 1 2 Elm, planted in 1906, new growth 2 2 White birch, planted in 1906, new growth 2 3 vll REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FORESTRY 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Feet. Inches. Cottonwood, planted in 1906, new growth -1 8 Russian poplar, planted in 1900, new growth 2 8 Scotch pine, planted in 1906, new growth 11 -1 White spruce, planted in 1904, new growth 1 7 Tamarack, planted in 1901, new growth i 2 5£ During the summer a considerable area of new land was prepared, by very deeply backsetting- the virgin prairie, for further permanent plantations. It is proposed to set out the following this spring : 1 acre Acute leaf willow, planted 3x3. 1 acre Golden leaf willow, planted 3 x •'!. 1 acre White leaf willow, planted 3x3. 3 acres Dakota cottonwood, planted 4x4. 2 acres American elm, planted 4x4. 1 acre Pinus murryana, planted 4x4. 2 acre Pinus murryana and ash, planted 4 x 4 in equal mixture. _ acres Scotch pine and ash, planted 4x4. 2 acres Native tamarack, planted 4x4. 3 acres Native tamarack and ash, planted 4 x 4 in equal mixture. 2 acres Native tamarack and maple, planted 4 x 4 in equal mixture. 2 acres European larch and ash, planted 4 x 4 in equal mixture. In all twenty-two acres, requiring 63,480 seedlings, transplants and cuttings. It is also proposed to commence this spring a number of small exhibition plots of conifers principally, where all the hardy varieties can be planted side by_ side in a central part of the nursery. The plots will be 44 feet square and each one will con- tain 100 trees set four feet apart each way. The object of these plots is for the infor- mation of visitors, who will see, growing side by side, different hardy kinds as nearly under plantation conditions as possible, in such a manner that the merits of one can be readily compared with those of another. The reason that this is being done chiefly with the conifers is that very little is known by the general public regarding varieties suitable for prairie planting and it is thought that everything possible should be done to encourage their planting. In time it is hoped to have a collection of from twenty to thirty varieties which may be suitable for our western climate and condi- tions. ORNAMENTAL GROUNDS AND SHRUBBERY. All the hardy shrubs have done well during the past season. Many of the lilacs s;i. out as small plants in 1905 bloomed for the first time. Spirea van Houtii, Spirea Arguta and Spirea Billardii, all came through the winter unprotected and bloomed profusely' The Japanese rose (rosa rugosa rubra) is especially worthy of planting in the west; it has a very long season of bloom and the large, bright red hips which follow the flowers remain on the bushes well on into the winter. Around the new boarding house land has been got in shape for a small amount of additional ornamental planting and the making of a small grass lawn. PLOUGHING AKD FARM WORK. Fifty acres of prairie were cleaned of scrub, broken and backset ; twenty-five acres of this was ploughed a third time as deeply as possible and well cut up with the disc-harrows in order to put it into shape for permanent plantations. Twenty-five acres of oat stubble land was summer-fallowed and put into condition for nursery. Eighteen acres of nursery plots were also ploughed after the seedlings were dug, and cultivated for resowing. About a thousand bushels of oats and fifteen tons of rye grass hay were raised to supply feed for the horses. 30 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR vil 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 BUILDINGS. The small packing shed which we had erected on the Experimental Farm, was cut in two and moved up to the nursery and an addition 40 x 24 feet built in. We now have two good packing sheds which should give us ample accommodation during the distribution season, also providing considerable room for drying and storing seed. Your obedient servant, NORMAN M. ROSS. APPENDIX No. 2. REPORT OF MR. F. W. H. JACOMBE, TECHNICAL ASSISTANT. Ottawa, April 2, 1905. R. H. Campbell, Esq., Superintendent of Forestry, Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to present the following report of work done during the year ending March 31, 1908. At the conclusion of the work ;of making out the distribution lists for 1907 I commenced work on a card index of the applicants for trees from the inauguration of the scheme, and was occupied at this work for some weeks. For some time after this again, I was occupied in the work of making some necessary preparations for the forest survey party for the following summer. On Thursday, June 13, I started for Winnipeg in c ompany with Mr. Roguaas, who was to work as assistant with Mr. Ross' party. On Monday morning, June 17, I joined Mr. Ross' party at Dauphin, and for the next two weeks assisted Mr. Ross in organizing the work of the survey. On July 1, I left Dauphin for Winnipeg, and on July 3 met Mr. A. P. Stevenson at Morden and arranged with him as to our respec- tive districts for tree planting inspection work during the summer. This division allotted to me the northern part of the province, including the following railway lines : (1) Canadian Pacific Railway main line, Winnipeg to Kirkella ; (2) Rapid City and Miniota branch; (3) Varcoe and Lenore branches; (4) Minnedosa and Yorkton sections, Portage la Prairie to Millwood ; (5) Souris section, Elm Creek to Souris, and (6) Areola section, Souris to Sinclair. To these were subsequently added the Yorkton and Sheho sections as far as Sheho, Sask. Along the main line I found the trees had suffered somewhat from the exceeding- ly dry weather of the spring. This had affected especially the cottonwoods; in some plantations twenty-five per cent or over of those planted in the spring of 1907 had died, owing, as far as I could find, to the very dry weather at the time of planting and subsequently. This was the ease more especially along the main line between Port- age la Prairie and Brandon. At the latter place conditions had been more favourable, and the trees were in good condition. On the railway lines further north conditions "were very different, as there had been a plentiful supply of rain all season, and the trees had made a good growth. In one case, on the farm of Mr. E. A. Schwalm, near Russell, maple showed a growth up to four feet during the season, and ash up to three feet two inches ; these trees had been planted the previous year. Later in the season, when visiting the plantations along the Souris and Areola and Moose Mountain sections, I found that the dry season had shown its effect, in the growth for that season being somewhat less than usual. In some cases trees had been badly damaged by hail ; this was noticed only in the neighbourhood of Pipestone and Sinclair. vii REPORT OF TEE SUPERINTENDENT OF FORESTRY 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 On the Yorkton branch in Saskatchewan there seemed to have been good growth during the season and great care had been taken of the trees. Unusual numbers of caterpillars of the tussock moth were found toward the end of August and the beginning of September, especially around Bosser and Virden. During the last winter the trees suffered to some extent from the attacks of rabbits; in the northern part of the province it is the bush rabbit which is reported to be the worst depredator, and this variety prefer the cottonwood trees; in the southern part of the province, the jack-rabbits are the common ones and they prefer the ash trees. Along the Souris section also I found a number of cases of damage by mice during the previous winter. The vagabond gall (caused by the plant-louse, Pemphigus vaga- bondus), was fairly common again during the past summer, and in one plantation near Pipestone I found a couple of trees that had died, apparently through tUe repeated attacks of this insect. On the whole, I think that, on account of the short season, the growth of the trees was somewhat less than usual. Owing to the rush and crowding of the work on the farms, due to the late spring and consequent rush of work, the care given the trees, in common with other crops, was not quite up to the usual standard; there were many exceptions to this, however, and in general the branch has little to com- plain of in regard to the care of the trees. Since my return to Ottawa in November, 1907, I have been occupied in the office work connected with the distribution of trees this spring, work in connection with the library of the branch, the preparations of press bulletins, &c. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, P. W. H. JACOMBE. APPENDIX No. 3. REPOET OF ME. A. P. STEVENSON, TEEE-PLANTING INSPECTOE. Nelsox, Manitoba, April 1, 1908. E. H. Campbell, Esq., Superintendent of Forestry, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following brief report on the work done by me under your instructions as tree-planting inspector in connection with the work carried on in this province by the Forestry Branch of the Department of the Interior. On (June 14 I commenced the work of inspection, and shortly after met Mr. F. W. . H. Jacombe by appointment at Morden, when the list of applicants if or trees in Manitoba was gone over and examined with the view of dividing up the work of inspection in Manitoba equally between us, Mr. Jacombe taking the northwestern part of the province, while the district covered by myself was the Eed Eiver valley west to the boundary of the province and along the main line of the Canadian Northern Eailway from Winnipeg to Togo. The past winter had been one of the longest and stormiest in our experience in the west, the snowfall being excessive. Some damage was done in a few of the young plantations by the settling of the deep snow drifts in spring, but where snowbreaks were planted no injury was noticed in the plantations. This year's experience affords a good object lesson of the necessity of planting a snowbreak when planting out a windbreak, and it is satisfactory to notice that the farmers are devoting more time and attention to this subject. A snowbreak consists 32 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR vii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 of a single row of trees planted rather close together at a distance of forty or fifty yards from the plantation proper on the north and west sides; this clear space of forty yards between the single row and plantation affording a place for the snow banks to lodge. The jack-rabbits were more troublesome than usual last winter, doing considerable iage, especially to the elm and ash. Cottonwood also suffered to some extent. On account of the deep snow they were aide Jo get into the top branches of good sized trees and cut them up very badly. The shot-gun is the only sure remedy; close netting is of little use in a winter of deep snow, besides being' rather expensive. Where there are only a few trees, such as fruit trees, an application of fish oil with a little sulphur and carbolic acid stirred in it, wo have found to he an effective remedy. The past summer was one of excessive drouth in southern Manitoba. In some localities practically no rain fell throughout the summer. On this account the young trees planted out this season have not averaged so well as in former years. My estimate is 75 per cent of trees growing that have been planted out this year, and it is only to the thorough preparation of the soil, which the Forestry Branch insists on before trees are planted or any one receives trees, I attribute this good showing during- this dry year. The small cottonwoods suffered most from the dry weather and the ash the least of any. After the first year the ash is a very popular tree with planters on account of its sturdy qualities and when mixed with other varieties it is a fairly quick grower. The early groves planted out under the Forestry Branch co-operative scheme ade very satisfactory growth. On account of the close planting the moisture from the melted snow evaporated very slowly so that the trees did not suffer on account of the drouth. It was also interesting to note that gardens, where partially surrounded with a shelter-belt gave a good crop of vegetables and small fruits, while those with- out any protection did not yield half a crop. The snow slowly melting in the planta- tion supplied sufficient moisture in the subsoil to ensure a crop. The planting out of a wood lot on the farm for the purpose of growing fire wood an.l fence posts is becoming a very live practical question with the prairie farmers, and a number of wood plantations will he started this coming spring, more especially with men who have finished planting for a shelter-belt. The Vagabond Gall had given considerable trouble among the Cottonwood trees, and has been the cause of considerable anxiety to those having fine plantations of this variety. This trouble has been noticed in other years but only to a limited extent. and little harm has resulted. But this year the vitality of the trees appears to have been weakened ami it is feared the trees so affected have suffered considerable injury. I am not aware of an effective remedy for this trouble. I have advised picking off the galls which is all right as far as it goes and with a few trees, but where there are hundreds it is impossible to do this. The dry season may have been the cause of the great increase in the number of galls affecting the trees this past season. Wo notice the Russian willow where planted is giving very good satisfaction and i> in very general demand on account of its quick growing qualities, adapting itself to almost any soil and location, holding its leaves quite green when every other deciduous tree in the grove is brown and bare. The general condition of the trees in plantations set out under Forestry Branch supervision is very satisfactory, no injury from winter killing was noticed and the cultivation and care given the newly planted out trees were very satisfactory. There is an ever-increasing number of the earlier planted groves in which culti- vation has entirely ceased, the trees effectually shading the ground, choking out w-eeds and grass and thereby establishing forestry conditions, and proving to the planter the wisdom of the rule laid down by the Forestry Branch, that trees should be planted at the rate ,of 2,720 trees to an acre, or four feet by four feet apart each way. The questions of the proper distance apart to plant trees in order to secure best results, of pruning and the proper time to do it. are matters on which a considerable number of new planters have rather peculiar views. The idea prevails that to plant vii REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FORESTRY 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 trees four by four feet apart is too close, that ten by ten feet is required in order to give sufficient room for cultivation with a team and plough between the rows of trees. For an illustration of the desirability and benefit of close planting, the planter's attention is directed to groves set out four to six years ago under government super- vision, and also to natural bluffs that may be growing in the neighbourhood. It can be seen that the tallest and best trees are in the centre of the grove, where the roots of the trees are entirely shaded filom the sun and drying winds. The inspector has also to point out the unnecessary labour and absurdity of prun- ing up to a single stem the young trees planted out for the purpose of a shelter-belt. If left without pruning the trees will more quickly and effectually shade the ground, and thereby shorten the labour of cultivation, and forestry conditions will more quickly be brought about. As the trees increase in height the lower limbs will die and can then be cut out and used on the farm as summer wood. The Forestry Branch co-operative tree-planting scheme is one of the most popular with the people in the west, and as the years go by and the beautiful groves show up more and more prominently dotted over the prairie landscape, they become silent witnesses of the government's wisdom and forethought for the comfort and welfare of the dwellers on the plains of the west. A. P. STEVENSON, Tree-Planting Inspector. APPENDIX No. 4. EEPOET OF ANGUS MACKINTOSH, TREE-PLANTING INSPECTOR. Headlands, Saskatchewan. April 1, 1908. R. H. Campbell, Esq., Superintendent of Forestry, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you a brief report on the tree-planting inspection work with which you entrusted me in 1907. The territory allotted to me was that intersected by the Kirkella Railway from Elkhorn to Strassburg and up the east side of Last Mountain Lake : the Prince Albert branch from Lumsden to Rosthern, and the Canadian Northern from Quill Lake to Vermilion. The applicants for trees are not all to be found in strips of country along those railways, but are widely scattered, many of them from forty to seventy miles, some even further, from any railway. In those outlying places there are a number of bachelor homesteaders amongst our applicants who put in only half their time on the homesteads, having from necessity to go out and earn money elsewhere ; and the inspector sometimes finds nothing but vacant shacks and a few acres of prairie sod turned over at the end of a long journey. It is not, however, always so, for there are now many thriving small plantations in some of those remote places, and there is no lack of desire to have trees shown. The plantations made in past years in settlements less remote are steadily increasing, are on the whole doing well, and many of them are now attractive features of the landscape. Most of them are as well kept as can be expected, for many of the owners have not yet got over the preliminary work of making for them- selves comfortable homes. There are of course a few exceptions where the trees have not had the attention necessary to insure success, especially where farms have been sold, and the purchaser lacks the enthusiasm of the former tree-planting owner. 25— vii— 3 34 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR vii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 On account of the extraordinary lateness of the spring of 1907 planting opera- tions were everywhere much delayed, ami in many cases had to stand over until all the grain was sown. Yet on the whole the trees have done wonderfully well. I estimate the failures among them at ten per cent. Although the previous winter was a severe one, I am glad to say that the planta- tions all over the territory that T inspected look well. There is very little damage or cutting hack noticeable and the greater number of the trees injured in that way in past years have recovered and are now making a much hardier growth. The few leases of cutting back that I did see I attribute to the richness of the soil, coupled with heavy manuring. I have often to warn applicants for trees, and recipients of them, about the evil of putting too much manure on the land, and in that way causing the young trees to grow too. fast and soft. I am sorry that on account of the large number (over 700) of names on my list, and the kind of country over which th'-y were scattered, T was unable to visit all the applicants. Those, however, on whom I did not call have been written to. Your obedient servant, Angus mackintosh. APPENDIX No. 5. REPORT OF JOHN CALDWELL, TREE-PLANTING INSPECTOR. Vieden, Manitoba, April 1, 1908. R. H. Campbell, Esq., Superintendent of Forestry, Ottawa. Sir, — I herewith beg to submit to you my report for the season of 1907. My territory was the Canadian Pacific Railway main line from the Manitoba boundary to Regina and back to Manitoba along the Areola line and all the interven- ing territory. The work took five months, beginning June 15. I found the plantations generally doing well with the interest and demand increas- ing. I booked no one this season for more than 1,500 trees as we were likely to be a little short of stock to supply a heavy demand from all quarters. I think1 it better not to give too many trees at a time and 1,500 is probably a very good average. I marked off quite a lot of names this season, as when a man has been called upon three times he should be pretty capable of planting and caring for trees and we will have more time to devote to newer men. Although last spring was very late the season was cool with an abundance of moisture and the. trees did well, as did also the willow cuttings. The percentage growing of all trees planted to date is about 85 per cent. The maple, ash, cottonwood and willows are all doing well. The elm is the least satisfactory, being more sprawly and very subject to being cut off by rabbits. I noticed some Carolina poplars on the street in Regina which had done well "for three years and think that this may become a useful tree. I am still in favour of sending out more of our hardy fast-growing willows. The district from Manor east to the Manitoba boundary was struck by a very bad hail storm early in the season and a good many plantations were very badly damaged. T advised that the young trees should be cut back pretty close to the ground and no doubt most of them will come again. vii REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT <>F FORESTRY 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 I had the pleasure of visiting the Forestry Nursery at Indian Head a couple of times during- the season and was pleased to see everything in such splendid condi- tion. On account of the late spring the young stock will be a little smaller than usual, but that is better than having the trees too large. The farmer is a very busy man in the spring of the year and fair-sized seedlings are the best for him to plant. I have always found that most beginners in tree- planting think they) have quite a large contract on hand when they have a couple of thousand trees to plant when it should not take one man and one boy more than eighteen hours to do the work. When I started out last spring I took a dibble and a few seedlings with me and I lost few .opportunities of giving a practical lesson in how to trim a seedling and how to plant it, and I may say that an object lesson of that kind is very much appre- ciated. Showing a man once in a practical way is Worth more than telling him a dozen times over. As long as it is my duty and privilege to travel among the farmers in this work I will take my dibble, also a few seedlings and cuttings. I feel that I can make myself more useful in that way and may be the means of saving a great deal of hard labour. Before closing my report I would like to add that we have south of Virden some thousands of acres of sandy laud poorly adapted for agricultural purposes but well adapted for growing such trees as spruce, tamarack, cottonwood and willow. Fuel is becoming scarce and higher each year, and I believe it would be a paying proposi- tion for the government to plant some of this land. I think it would be well to give this matter some consideration. Your obedient servant, JOHN CALDWELL. APPENDIX No. 6. EEPORT OF WALTER B. GUITON. TREE-PLANTING INSPECTOR. Indian Head, Saskatchewan, November 30, 1908. R. H. Campbell, Esq., ' Superintendent of Forestry, Ottawa. Siii, — I have the honour to submit to you my report of the season's work in tree inspection as carried on through the co-operation of the Department of the Interior. The territory given me this year was along the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway from Pense to Moosejaw, thence south to North Portal ; also along the Estevan line into the border of Western Manitoba. From here I received instructions to proceed along the main line to Lethbridge and south to Macleod, also doing Southern Alberta in what is known as the Mormon country where some of our finest plantations are to be seen on all sides of the roads. It is very gratifying to see the care which the people have taken to protect the trees from being broken by cattle. From Cardston I proceeded back along the line to Lethbridge, working my way to Medicine Hat; from there along the Crow's Nest railway into Calgary. This part of the line was one of 'the most difficult on my whole list, as the Canadian Pacific Rail- way have the land for some thirty-five miles back from the main line, and it: ia necessary to travel the whole stretch of country until one gets into the settlement along the Rosebud creek, in which we have quite a number of plantations growing. The spring being very late this year, I was not able to commence till July 1 so a> to give the young trees, which were set out this year, a chance of showing how they were doing. The trees were in all cases received in excellent condition owing to the 36 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR vii 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 way in which they were incased in sacking and wet moss, so as to keep from drying out until they arrived at their destination. The applicant having received word beforehand as to when the trees would arrive, there was no leaving of them at the station until they (were dried but they were planted at once before the buds opened up. the ground having been prepared the summer before, which does away with the necessity of spring ploughing. Great care should be taken to see that the trees are set out the required number of feet apart in the plan which is sent to each applicant. Also the trees should be firmly planted in the ground so that, should one try to pull them up by the thumb and first finger he would be unable to do so without breaking the tops of the trees. With the majority of planters the green ash is very much in favour and is giving increased satisfaction every year, when planted in alternate rows with the Manitoba maple, Russian willow and Dakota cottonwood. The elm, although a slower grower, make a desirable addition to a plantation. These do well when set out in rows four feet by four feet and have a remarkable tendency to stop the working of the insects, which at present are not numerous, although a slight demage was done to some of the leaves on the willow by the tent caterpillar this season. Some complaints have been made as to the damage done to the ash trees by the jack-rabbit which eats off the tops of the green ash during the winter. The rabbits seldom bother the maple, although this tree is very often killed back in the winter by too late a cultivation in the fall and trying to force them ahead. This is a mistake as they should not be cultivated later in the fall than the middle of August, but one can go through them with a hoe and take the big weeds out of them without doing any damage. Do you want the trees pruned, is the question asked very often. As these trees are given for windbreaks and not ornamental purposes, they should be allowed to grow as close to the ground as possible, and when the trees are too big so that culti- vation is no longer required, they will then hold the moisture in the ground and shade it so much that there are very few weeds which will grow to any great extent. The number of applicants who have not got the ground in shape or properly prepared for another year, is getting less every year, showing that the people are finding that it is one of the things which have to be done at the proper season of the year. While it is possible to get a sandy loam into a proper state for trees in the first year, yet on heavy clay soil this cannot always be done. The applicant who heeds the inspector's advice, and has the ground as it should be, is farther ahead in one year than if lie were allowed to plant trees on badly worked ground, in two years or even more, show- ing that the gi ound well worked up absorbs the moisture more readily and is in fact easier to keep weeds down on. I have not given any Manitoba maple west of Swift Current ns they do not seem to do so well as the ash, cottonwood, elm and willow, the maple coming out so early in the spring on account of the hot winds that they are checked or killed back again by frosts, so much so that if it were not for its rapid growth it would be "killed entirely. While at Maple Creek I saw some crab-apple trees which were grown within the shelter of one of our shelter-belts loaded down with fruit, and the smaller fruits were doing exceedingly well. I was able to give some good advice to the farmers about these fruit trees, as I have had good experience in fruit and ornamental trees with the well-known firm of Stone & Wellington for five years. This knowledge has been very useful to me during 'the season's work. I had a good many foreigners on my list this year who show a great fondness for trees, having raised them success- fully in the Dakotas of the United States where treas were one of the principal features on the farm to stop the winds and keep the snow from accumulating around the buildings. In closing my report, I beg to say that the plantations visited are, on the whole, in a very satisfactory state and that the efforts of the department are meeting with a success which is encouraging, as the work at present is only in its infancy. Some vii REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FORESTRY 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 inducement should be made to try and encourage the farmers who visit the Experi- mental Farm at Indian Head, to drive out to the Forestry station as it will give them an object lesson in what can be done in a few years. As far as observations go for the seas on closing 1907, I would say that 95 per cent of the trees set out since 1902 are alive and 85 per cent of them doing well. Your obedient servant, WALTER B. GUITON, Tree Inspector. APPENDIX No. 7. REPORT OF JAMES LEAMT, CROWN TIMBER AGENT. New Westminster, B.C., March 20, 190S. R. H. Campbell, Esq., Superintendent of Forestry, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I beg to submit the following report in connection with fire-guarding tim- ber within the railway belt in the province of British Columbia, during the season of 1907. During the season we had no large fires that caused us very much trouble, the season being rather a favourable one and not excessively dry. On the upper Colum- bia river, that is between Surprise rapids on the north and the boundary of the rail- way belt on the south, we had very little difficulty in coping with any small fires that occurred, although a number of small fires did occur which were promptly attended to by the fire rangers in charge of that district and no damage was caused by them. No fires happened along the Kicking Horse river, between Golden and Field, and very little trouble was given the rangers in this district by fires. The only fire of any consequence was at Surprise rapids, just near the north boundary of the railway belt, which fire was caused by a number of students fr om some American college who were on a camping tour during the summer and who located themselves just outside of the railway belt, lighting bonfires and neglecting to extinguish same when leaving, consequently quite a serious fire occurred on account of their negligence, winch extended slightly into Timber Berth No. 85 but was carefully watched and attended to by Mr. Cameron Fisher, the fire ranger of that district, and did no damage of any consequence to Dominion timber. In the early part of the season I was compelled to .livide the upper Columbia district into two parts: Mr. Frank Ashdown looked after 'he Kicking Horse district and the upper Columbia south to the Spillimacheen river, which is at the boundary of the railway belt, while Mr. Cameron Fisher attended the district from Golden to the northern boundary of the railway belt at Surprise rapids up the Beaver creek (to the summit of the Selkirk mountains, that is Roger's Pass. A number of small fires occurred along the line of the railway from Beavermouth, but did not spread to any extent being carefully looked after by Mr. Fisher. From Roger's Pass west to Revelstoke and Sicamous along the line of the railway, a number • if small fires occurred, but the greatest difficulty in that district was down the Colum- bia river from Revelstoke to Arrowhead in which part a number of fires took place and were attended to by Mr. Alexander McRae and his assistants, also the Canadian Pacific Railway employees, therefore were not permitted to spread and do any damage, and I am pleased to report that no timber of any value was destroyed. In the Eagle's Pass there were numerous small fire>, but they did not do any damage. 38 DEPARTMENT OF TUE INTERIOR vii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 From Sieamous down to the boundary of the railway belt at Armstrong, part of which district was looked after by Mr. Alex. Keid and Mr. J. D. McGuire. fires were comparatively few and did not cause much trouble, no timber having been destroyed. In the valley of thei Salmon river also, in Mr. J. D. McGuire's district, a number of fires occurred which were caused by farmers clearing up their lands, and some trouble was occasioned by having to attend to them, but no government /timber was lost, although endangered by fires on the settlers' lands and had to be attended to almost constantly. Along the Shuswap river from Enderby to Marble lake a number of small fires occurred, but were promptly attended to by Mr. Alex. Reid, whom I appointed in the latter part of the season to look after that district, therefore they did not do any damage at all, no merchantable timber having been destroyed. The Notch Hill and the Shuswap Lake districts were looked after by Mr. W. R. Peacock, and only one fire occurred of any consequence, that was on the north shore of the Shuswap lake in the Meadow Creek district; this fire was caused by settlers who were squatted in that district, but did very little damage, having been promptly attended to by Mr. W. R. Peacock and also the employees of the Lamb- Watson Lum- ber Company who promptly turned out their men to assist in looking after that fire. Prom Little Shuswap lake west to Kamloops the only fires which occurred were caused by the sparks from the engines of the Canadian Pacific Railway setting fire to the dry grass and burning up their own fences along the railway, but did not extend any distance away from the track; no timber being burned in that district. In 'the vicinity of Ashcroft, which is looked after by Mr. Angus McGillivray, extending from Savona west to Lytton, a few small fires occurred which may be chargeable against the Canadian Pacific Railway and people engaged in the clearing of lands, but no damage was sustained by these fires. Still further west a few small fires occurred along the line ,of the railway between Yale and Agassiz, but were attended to by the fire ranger in charge of that district, Mr. F. W. Hughes, and did not do any damage. These fires might be attributed to the Canadian Pacific Rail- way section men clearing up the refuse along the right of way, such as bush, old ties, &c. However, no damage was sustained by these fires. From Agassiz west to Slave river, also attended to by Fire Ranger Hughes, no fires occurred. A fire occurred on Stave river which was caused by the clearing of the island on which the Stave Lake Power Company were erecting their plant and building the dam across the river. This fire got away across the Stave river and set fire in some old logging works in cancelled timber berth No. 138. The fire assumed considerable proportions, but was attended to by Mr. Murdoch Martyn, with the assistance of the Stave Lake Power Company's employees and those of Messrs. E. H. Heaps & Company, who succeeded in subduing the fire before any damage of any consequence occurred, and I thinfe the ranger in question deserves great credit for the prompt manner in which he attended to this fire. From Stave river west, Mr. Murdoch Martyn's district, a few small ifires occurred, which were caused by the clearing of the right of way by the Canadian Pacific Rail- way employees and caused no damage whatever, except that they had to be watched and attended to. About the western boundary of the railway belt, also in charge of Mr. Martyn, I was obliged to employ a ranger to attend to the north arm of Burrard inlet, owing to the large number of campers along the North Arm and Burrard inlet, and owing to his vigilance no fires occurred as he was constantly on the alert. The south side of the Fraser river touching the international boundary Hue was looked after by Mr. M. G. Fadden, Mr. John Bell, Mr. Neil Johnson and Mr. Geo. E. Gairns. In Mr. Fadden's district, which extends from Hope to Lower Sumas taking in Cultus Lake district, no fires occurred. In Mr. John Bell's district, which extends from Lower Sumas to Langley, com- prising Matsqui and Langley municipalities, a few fires occurred in American terri- tory, but were carefully looked after by Mr. Bell, assisted by Mr. John Dennison, vii REPORT OF THE SUPERINTEXDENT OF FORESTRY 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 whom I had to employ for a short time during the dry season. These fires did not cross into Dominion timber. The Surrey and Delta districts were looked after by Mr. Neil Johnson, assisted by Mr. Geo. E. Gairns. A number of fires occurred, only one of which gave us very much trouble. This fire occurred on some settler's land adjoining limits ' R ' and 87. being private property which was being logged. It was supposed to have been caused by sparks from the logging engine. However, it assumed large proportions and spread over private lands, but Mr. Johnson, assisted by Mr. Gairns and the employees of the McNair Shingle Company, promptly established a fire line along the Johnson road, having barrels of water, also men felling dead timber, and preventing the fire from extending into the timber limits. After a fight of some weeks' duration, I am pleased to be able to report that no timber in which the government had any interest, was burned. In concluding this report I beg to commend the different fire rangers for the able and efficient manner in which they discharged their duties, and I consider that by their constant vigilance they protected a large quantity of valuable timber which otherwise might have been destroyed, and I teg to also thank you fcr your very valuable assistance and advice in connection with all matters pertaining to the con- servation of timber within the railway belt. Tour obedient servant. JAMES LEAMT, Crown Timber Agent. APPENDIX No. 8. KEPORT OF W. J. MARGACH, CHIEE FOREST RANGER. Calgary, Alberta, April 21, 1908. The Superintendent of Forestry, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I beg to report that during the summer of 1907 on the eastern slope of the mountains south of the Saskatchewan river, seven fire rangers were employed during the early summer and late autumn. The season was wet during the summer, and men were taken out of the woods at that time. There was no fire that did any damage to standing timber during the season. Some of the rangers reported several small fires to have got away from settlers clear- ing land, which were extinguished without doing damage. Two of these settlers were prosecuted and fined. It is a very difficult matter to get evidence showing breaches of the Act. In respect of fire from locomotives setting fire to the prairie, in my opinion a mechanic should be appointed as a ranger wbo is capable of getting on to a locomotive and finding if the appliances are on the engine and if they are being kept in condition to prevent the throwing of sparks. I lately returned from a trip to the Macleod river, a hundred and twenty miles west of Edmonton, and made an inspection of the manner in which the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway were clearing their right of way. The work is being done by sub- contractors by Foley, Welch & Stewart, who are the contractors from the company. The right of way is being cleared in a great many places to a width of 200 feet, and I found them burning all the material upon the land, none of it going outside of the right of way. The engineers have got this under their supervision, and I believe that the requirements of the department are in this respect being met. Tour obedient servant, W. J. MARGACH, Chief Forest Banger. 40 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR vii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 9. REPORT OF W. A. DAVIS, CHIEF FOREST RANGER. Grand View, Manitoba, December 24, 1907. R. H. Campbell, Esq., Superintendent of Forestry, Ottawa. Sir,— I have the honour to make my report as Chief Forest Ranger for the Rid- ing Mountain, Turtle Mountain and Porcupine Forest Reserves in Manitoba. I commenced my duties on May 1, 1907. My first step was to lay off my territory into districts. For example, there are three permanent rangers for the Riding Moun- tain reserve, to each of whom has been allotted his own special tract to patrol, the average face of which is about 45 miles. The men appointed are well acquainted with their own individual locality, living inside of their own patrol precincts, and are used to the bush and conversant with all the different trails through the mountain. The first duty I strongly impressed on them was to see that no fires got into the bush inside of their respective locations. The next was, that each was to see to it that there should be a clearly defined line or road allowance cut all along the outside limit of the reserve. As it now stands even the settler who lives in close proximity does not know when he is over the line, and this causes us a great deal of trouble in dealing with trespassers, as of course they invariably take advantage of this and when questioned as to where the wood or posts have been taken from, profess ignorance as to the exact section, but always say they believe it was outside of the reserve. It will take a considerable time to have these lines all cut out, and where they run through a great depth of bush it would be 'hardly fair to expect the ranger of that district to do all the work, for if he were compelled to do so it would take up his entire time, and I would suggest that a small appropriation should be made at the present session for this purpose. I have also asked each ranger to furnish me before my next report with a map of his territory, showing the different kinds of trees, and the land they cover and where burnt over, defining the area of same, and giving approximately the quantity of dry wood that could be obtained, and how far from the nearest station in a direct line. This map is to be made out for an average depth into the reserves of eight miles. This is an idea of my own, as in my opinion some steps should be taken as soon as possible to, remove as much as possible of all dry and dead timber, as it is a great source of menace to the growing timber. In the event of fire once getting started in such a place it is sure to cause a great deal of damage. The rangers are also instructed that all persons who bring out either timber or wood from these reserves must, have a permit therefor, and if not, the ranger ds authorized to seize the same and collect dues from such delinquents. There are a great number of such as it seems to be a recognized idea that, to steal from the reserves is no crime. We are trying to show such people that the laws governing these reserves are made, solely for the people and we are meeting with a faiir measure* of success. Very few seemed to know before that this timber and wood were reserved for the use of actual settlers, and that for a nominal office fee only. , While on this subject of dues I would say I believe it would be to the interest Kof the department and would facilitate the duties of each ranger, if the ranger were notified .of the name of each individual taking out a permit in his district and the particulars of the permit. I found in several instances, where the ranger came across wood cut in large quantities and saw the person who took out same, that he claimed vii REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FORESTRY 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 to have a permit and before the ranger could get back word from the Dauphin office, even though information was sent in all cases by first mail, such wood had been removed although permit for the same had never been granted. I would also suggest that a Dominion land surveyor be sent out as early as possible to run the lines of the Porcupine reserves which have never yet been run, and if this is not done at once it will surely become a source of trouble. As you. know, that is specially a timber country and there are timber berths around all the lines and there is danger of the holders cutting over the boundaries. There was not a very large cut of lumber on account of the extreme depth of snow- in the mountains, in fact there were hardly any portable saw-mill outfits at work. But even with the large reduction in the year's cut of lumber there will be more lumber carried over by the large mill owners of Manitoba than was ever known before. But this I consider, although a great hardship for the lumberman, will be a blessing for the farmers and users of such lumber. Before this the demand for lum- ber had been so great the lumberman could not supply it. But from now on a good supply of dry lumber can be obtained. Taking up the wood supply, of which there was a great deal said last winter, there was plenty on hand, but it could not be put on the market as the railways could not cope with the situation. We had an abnormally large snowfall. I am most happy to say that for this winter, namely, 1907-8, we are so far blessed with the very opposite. Better weather and for a longer continuous period has never been known. In con- sequence there will be a larger output of wood, and a greater number of portable saw-mill outfits at work than has been known for a number of years. I would respectfully draw your attention to the fact that I have had to appoint two temporary rangers for a short term only in each case, one to look after the Lake Manitoba West reserves and the other to look after the Canadian Northern railway extension from The Pas northward on what is called the Hudson Bay Eailway, as I deemed it only wise that, on account of the large number of camps used along this line, it should be patrolled to guard against fire. I was more than pleased that you came out personally and looked over the ground and I am trying my best to follow your instructions as your experience in such work has given you a keener insight into what is required, and at the same time you will be better able to appreciate the different obstacles we as rangers have to contend with. I am pleased to say that there has been no damage done by fire to the forests in this district w/hatever. There were quite a few started, but in all cases our ranger?, thanks to the new system, have been on the ground and in no instance has the fire got away. The work done by the rangers has reduced the danger in this respect. Before closing my report I would respectfully draw your attention to the fact that I have not been able to give the whole of my time to this work* much as I would have liked to do so, on account of the other onerous duties which fell to my lot, and which I have already covered in my previous report to you, and this work being im- perative had to be done. But I fully expect to give my full time in the future to the Forestry Branch, and hope ere another year rolls round to be able to show you that something tangible has been accomplished. Tour obedient servant, WM. A. DAVIS, Chief Forest Banger. 42 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Vll 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 10. REPORT OF C. A. WALRTNSHAW, FOREST RANGER. Boissevaix, Manitoba, March 28, 1908. R. H. Campbell, Esq., Superintendent of Forestry, Ottawa, Ont. Sik, — I beg herewith to submit my annual report in regard to the conditions in the Turtle Mountain Timber reserve. In the first place I would like to say that the general conditions have been extre- mely favourable during the year just past owing to the fact that there has been an almost complete freedom from fire — only one small fire having got into the reserve and burning about four acres in sections 34 and 36, township 1, range 21, west of the 1st meridian, but doing very little damage because it was principally all grass. A fire which threatened to do much harm was stopped by the able efforts of my assistants in confining it to sections 3, 2 and 10, -township 2, range 21, west of the 1st meridian. I am pleased to be able to report that seven of the squatters on the reserve, namely, Mrs. Foster and family, Frank Chisholm. John E. Kelly, Benjamin Pagels, William Hunter and family, Joseph Tomlinson and family, and John Rever and family, left last fall and have taken up land near Benito, Saskatchewan, and that the remaining squatters, namely, William H. Cox and family, William Madden and family, and Philip Mulholland, have agreed to vacate the places occupied by them on the reserve and to accept the assistance offered to them to take up locations also near Benito. It is expected that they will leave in about three weeks. The half-breeds who had located at the western end of the reserve left almost immediately after our visit to them and have not been seen or heard of since. The past winter has been an exceptionally favourable one for the people who have come for wood, owing to the' fact that there was an almost entire absence of snow, and they were able to gather a great deal of the fallen timber that had lain on the ground for some years and in previous seasons could not be gathered on account of snow. The picking up of this wood is a great benefit to the reserve. There have been at least 250 permits issued for twelve cords each, making a total of 3,000 cords of this fallen wood that has now been taken away. All over the reserve the growth of the young trees referred to in my last report has been continued and has been very rapid. According to instructions received by me I have destroyed all the habitations of the squatters who have left, and this will be continued in the case of those about to leave as before referred to. The fish in the lakes on the reserve is an attraction to the American people just across the lines and we have been able to turn back several parties who came this winter with the intention of fishing through the ice. The winter season is the only time when there is much trouble experienced with them. Tour obedient servant. C. A. WALKINSHAW. Forest Banger. vii REPORT OF TEE Si PERINTEXDENT OF FORESTRY 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 APPENDIX No. 11. REPORT OF JOHN STEWART, D.L.S., C.E., COMMISSIONER AND CHIEF ENGINEER OF IRRIGATION. Calgary, Alberta, March 31, l!'1^ Hon. Frank Oliver, Minister of the Interior. Ottawa. CANADIAN IRRIGATION SURVEYS. Iii the spring- of 1907, I sent two engineering parties into the field, one in charge of Mr. R. J. Burley, in Saskatchewan, and the other in charge of Mr. P. M. Sauder, in Alberta. Both these men had instructions to make inspections of all ditches author- ized, gauge all streams and make surveys of lands to be purchased under the terms of the Irrigation Act, also to inspect all reservoir sites set apart by order in council for irrigation purposes, and to inspect all licensed schemes in each of their territories. The territory covered by Mr. Burley extends from township 16 south to the inter- national boundary, and from range 8, west of the 4th meridian eastward to range 10, west of the 3rd meridian. Under the above instructions, Mr. Burley made 138 inspec- tions of schemes authorized, 65 surveys of lands to be purchased under the terms of the Act, 23 inspections of licensed schemes, 4 inspections of reservoir sites, and made 19 gaugings of the principal streams in his territory, and sent in to this office 190 reports. Mr. Burley was only able to gauge the largest streams, as the meter he had was too large for small creeks. The second party was in charge of Mr. P. M. Sauder, in Southern Alberta. The territory covered by Mr. Sauder extends from Bow river, south to the international boundary, and east to range 8, west of the 4th meridian. During the season, Mr. Sauder made 65 inspections of ditches authorized, 10 surveys of lands to be purchased under the terms of the Act, and gauged 131 streams and set 5 gauge rods. He also inspected 23 licensed schemes and 15 reservoir sites and made survey and estimate of the Fisher and Barnes ditch and sent in 140 reports to this office. Hie also erected two cable stations for gauging streams. Mr. Sauder also made a trip to Montana to get particulars of how work was carried on in the United States, and he also made a survey of the Red Deer river to find out if water could be got on to the lands lying east of the Canadian Pacific Railway block. In September last, I inspected the following schemes at Saskatchewan Landing : Jones and Webster, at Miry creek, and J. L. Smart and F. Goodwin, at Saskatchewan Landing. I also made a survey of 1,000 acres of land in the Stony Indian reserve, sold to the Calgary Power and Transmission Company, of Calgary. With reference to the inside work of this office, since April 4 last, there has been the following number of communications received and sent out, viz. : — Letters received to date 3,662 Letters sent out . . ' 4,846 Agreements for water received and recorded 1,380 Applications for water received and recorded 16S Gauge rod readings received 72 Right-of-way plans examined and recorded 110 Plans with applications for water examined and recorded. . 336 44 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR vii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Transfer of water agreements and notices of cancellation of water agreements 236 Notices of application for water rights prepared for publication. 168 Number of forms of application for right-of-way over Crown and other lands 95 Applications to construct works across road allowances. . . . 125 Xumber of final licenses recorded, in triplicate 44 Making 176 entries in records. Xumber of certificates under section 20 of the Act 98 Xumber of certificates under section 33 of the Act 40 Xumber of reports received from R. J. Burley 190 Xumber of reports received from P. M. Sauder 140 In a great many of the letters received there were enclosures which had to be recorded in the books of this office, and do not figure in the number of letters received. It will be noticed from the above figures, that the work of this office has doubled within the past year. For the coming season it is intended to carry out practically the same programme of work in the field as last year, with the exception that in Southern Alberta there will be cable stations established on all main streams to enable the gauging of these streams to be performed by two men in the years to follow, thus cutting down the expense on such work, and iii Saskatchewan there will be gauge rods placed on all the main streams and all streams will be gauged. Your obedient servant, JOHN STEWART. APPENDIX No. 12. REPORT OF P. M. SAUDER. Calgary., Alberta, March 31, 1908. John Stewart, Esq., Commissioner of Irrigation, Calgary, Alta. Sir, — I beg to submit the following report of work performed by me during the season of 1907. 11VDROGRAPHIC WORK. Having completed the organization and equipment of my party, field operations were commenced on the first of Hay. Moving in a southerly direction, measurements of the discharge were made on all the more important streams between Calgary and Macleod. From Macleod we travelled westward to a point near the junction of the South Fork and Oldman rivers and gauged the tributaries of the latter. Proceeding southward from Pincher creek to the Waterton lakes and tbence eastward to the head works of the Alberta Railway and Irrigation canal, discharge measurements were le on the Waterton, Belly and St. ilary rivers and tributaries. Having completed this circuit early in August we decided to return to Calgary by a similar route and make a second discharge measurement of all the streams already gauged. A number of -mailer streams tributary to the South Fork river, Crownest river and tin- North Fork of the Oldman river which had not formerly ; included were gauged on tin- return trip. vii REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FORESTRY 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25 Besides determining- the actual discharge at the date of measurement, sufficient data as to the general slope of the bed of the stream and its character were obtained to enable us to calculate the probable discharge at high water and flood stages of tin- streams by use of Kutter's formula for the flow of water in open streams. The gauge heights which had been formerly established were examined and put in good repair, and five new ones erected. In August I worked for a week with Mr. Follansbee, of the United States Hydro- graphic Survey, and obtained much valuable information as to the system under which the work is carried on in that country. On October 2"> having finished the season's work, the outfit was stored and the men paid off. INSPECTIONS. This work consisted of the inspection of all applications for water-rights, the inspection, survey and examination of proposed locations in connection with applica- tions to purchase lands under the irrigation system, the inspection of reservoir sites set apart by Order in Council, and the inspection of licensed irrigation works. A very careful examination and survey of Mr. John Lineham's schemes for the diversion of 'water from Macabee creek and Mr. W. H. Quail's scheme for the diver- sion of water from Muddypound creek were made and I found it necessary to relocate some portions of these schemes. A very careful examination and survey of the Fisher and Barnes irrigation scheme were made to determine the cost of construction and to fonn a basis for settle- ment, of the various matters in dispute between them, which occupied considerable time. In accordance with your instructions I proceeded to Bed Deer river in November to determine the feasibility or otherwise of diverting water from that river, to irri- gate the land lying south of it and east of the Canadian Pacific railway tract, and found that owing to the high tanks and small fall in the river it was not a practicable scheme. From information since received it appears that it may be possible to irri- gate this tract by diverting water from the Bow river at a point near the east bound- ary of the Blackfoot reserve. Your obedient servant. P. M. SAUDEB. APPENDIX No. 13. BEPOBT OF EALPH J. BURLEY. Calgary, Alberta, March 31. 1908. John Stewart, Esq.. Commissioner of Irrigation, Calgary, Alta. Sir, — 1 beg to siibmit the following report of the work performed by me during the season of 1907. My party was organized in Calgary and the outfit loaded and shipped to Medicine Hat on May 6. From there we drove to Medicine Lodge near the detachment and after completing the work of inspections and surveys there and in the vicinity of Medicine Hat moved to Maple Creek on May 25. 46 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR vii 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 From there we moved in a southeasterly direction inspecting all schemes on the north side of the Cypress hills, and then moving across to the south side and working westward completed the circuit of the hills and arrived at Maple Creek on November 25. The work consisted of inspections of all licensed and authorized schemes, inspec- tions of reservoir sites set aside by Order in Council, inspection and survey of pro- posed schemes involving the purchase of land under the irrigation system and gaug- ing of the more important streams flowing out of the Cypress hills. From the attached lists it will be seen that the work in the Maple Creek district is increasing rapidly and as several schemes needed two and sometimes three inspec- tions during the season it was impossible for me to devote as much attention as should have been given to the hydrographic work. In addition I located the Fearon, Moorhead and Hasti^ ditch, a rather extensive scheme which involved the placing of some twenty-six miles of location stakes, transit traverse of the ditches and reser- voirs and the running of cheek levels over all the located ditches. This work delayed me some three weeks just at a time when a close check should have been kept on the flow of water in the various streams, and as a result I could only make some nineteen gaugings of the larger streams. A smaller meter should be supplied for gauging the spring creeks, small coulees, &c. Weather conditions prevented further field work being advantageously carried on, and on November 25 I struck camp, and stored the outfit at Maple Creek, shipped the horses to Calgary and paid off my party in accordance with your instructions. Your obedient servant. KALPH J. BURLEY. 25 — vii- 25-vii— 41, z p ^_iij P3 Q ■< w (S3 z K 25— vii— 5 mwk. w:$ a «1«j V i _r_ Feuitinq Branches of White Spruce and Larch. S-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a A. 1909 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR REPORT CHIEF ASTEONOMEE YEAR ENDING MARCH 31 1908 PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT isS*^ «*5b$?*5© OTTAWA PRINTED BY C. II. PARMELEE, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 19 10 [No. 25a— 1909] 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a A. 1909 CONTENTS. Page. Report of the Chief Astronomer 1 Appendix 1. Report of Otto Klotz, LL.D., on Seismology, Terrestrial Magnet- ism and Gravity 7 2. Eeport by J. S. Plaskett, B.A., on Astrophysical work 61 Appendix A — r) Virginis, by W. E. Harper, M.A 191 B— 0 Aquilse, by W. E. Harper, M.A 224 C— Measurement of visually double stars, and pre- diction and observation of occupations, by K. M. Motherwell M. A 253 D — Determination of the prominent lines from A 3900 to A 4900, in the star-spectrum of iron-vanadium alloy, by R. E. DeLury, Ph.D. 257 3. Report by R. M. Stewart, M.A., on Meridian Work and Time Service 275 4. Report by J. Macara, Esq., on Latitude and Longitude Work. .. 307 5. Report by J. D. Wallis, Esq.,on work done in the Photographic Division 325 6. Determination of the Orbits of Spectroscopic Binaries, by W. F. King, LL.D 329 7. Report by C. A. Bigger, D.L.S., on the Geodetic Survey 349 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Appendix 1. — Otto Klotz, LL.D. — Seismology . Terrestrial Magnetism and Gravity. 1. Filament vibrations 60 2. Weather map (blank) 60 3. Tesdorpf Theodolite Magnetometer 46 4. Magnetometer 46 5. Seismogram at Ottawa 60 6. Chart showing Magnetic Declination Appendix 2. — J. S. Plaskett, B.A. — Astrophysical Wdrk. 1. Transformer, Capacity and Self induction 70 2. Zonal Differences of Focus 75 3. Colour Curves 78 4. Velocity Curve of t Orionis 102 5. Velocity Curve of i Orionis 102 6. Orbit of i Orionis 152 7. Velocity Curve, i Orionis 154 8. Velocity Curve, tfi Orionis 184 9. Orbit, \j/ Orionis 185 10. Velocity Curve, ^ Orionis 188 Appendix A. 11. Velocity Curve, i) Virginis 222 12. Orbit, t) Virginis 222 25a— 2 iv COXTEXTS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 190» Appendix B. Page. 13. Velocity Curve, 6 Aquike 224 14. Orbit, $ Aquila? 225 Appendix D. 15. Spectrum of iron-vanadium alloy 258 Appendix 8. — R. M. Stewart, M.A. — Mi ridian Work amd Time Service. 1. Synchronization cut-out 276 2. Pendulum contact 278 3. Transit Micrometer 282 4. Errors of graduated circles 284 Appendix 4 — Longitude and Latitude Observations. Map showing the position of the various Astronomical Stations established. Appendix 6. — W. F. King. LL.D. — Determination of the Orbits of Spectroscopic Binaries. 1. Hodograph 334 2. Hodograph 335 3. Graph for e = 0-75, w = 60° 336 4. Graph for e = 0-10, w = 60° 336 5. Protractor for e = 0-70 338 6. Protractor for e = 0-75 338 7. Protractor for e = 0-S0 338 8. Protractor for e = 0-05 338 9. Protractor for e = 0-10 338 10. Protractor for e = 0-15 338 11. Aid for change of w 339 12. Aid for change of a> and A" 339 13. Aid for change of K 339 Appendix 7. — 0. A. Bigger, D.L.S. — The Geodetic Survey. 1. Signal on King Mountain 356 2. Bowesville tower 356 3. Manner of erecting eighty foot tower 356 4. Using tripod as a derrick to raise first side of scaffold 356 5. Turning side of scaffold on the ground before raising 356 6. Raising second side of scaffold 356 7. Both sides of scaffold in place ready for spiking on ties and diagonals to complete the tower 356 8. Side view of twelve inch Alt-azimuth Theodolite used for measuring hori- zontal and vertical angles 356 9. Half side view showing attachments of twelve inch Alt-azimuth Theodolite 356 10. Progress map of the Geodetic Survey 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a A. 1909 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER AND INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY COMMISSIONER. Department of the Interior, Dominion Astronomical Observatory, Ottawa, Canada, June 24, 1908. W. W. Cory, Esq., Deputy Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to report as follows upon the work of the Astronomical Branch of the Department of the Interior, and on the surveys under my direction, namely, the International Boundary Surveys and the Geodetic Survey of Canada, for the fiscal year ending- March 31, 1908. The correspondence of the branch from April 1, 1907 to March 31, 1908, was: — Letters received (exclusive of circulars) 1,864 Letters sent 3,135 4,999 Showing an increase of 26 per cent. Accounts dealt with, 848. Increase, 14 per cent. A statement of the work of the photographic division is appended. (Appendix No. 5). The library contains 3,144 bound volumes, besides pamphlets, unbound periodicals, &c, and is increasing rapidly from the addition of scientific journals, exchanges with other observatories, &c. An upper flooring has been placed in the library room, with a number of steel bookcases, almost doubling the accommodation. A small room in the basement has been fitted out for the purpose of a chemical laboratory. This is a great convenience for many purposes, especially in connection with the astrophysieal work. The meridian circle, objective 6 inches aperture, and 7 feet focal length, with circles 36 inches diameter, was received from the makers, Messrs. Troughton & Simms in October, and was erected in the western wing of the observatory. Unfortunately it- was found on examination that both the circles were bent, doubtless through rough handling in shipment of the case containing them. They consequently had to be sent back to the makers and they have not yet been returned here. Without the circles, the instrument could have been used as a transit instrument merely, but certain im- provements and alterations were found necessary to the building, which have so far prevented its use. In the meantime, all the time work of the observatory is done, as hitherto, with a portable transit instrument in the temporary transit shed to the east of the main building. Collimators have been placed north and south of the meridian circle, in its build- ing; it is intended to place meridian marks outside, at as great a distance as practic- able, both north and south. The building of the coelostat house was begun last fall, but not completed before frost. The work has been resumed this spring and it is expected that the building, 2 DEr.iRTMEyT OF THE iyTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 with the apparatus, will soon be in use. This house stands behind the main building, with which it is connected by a tunnel. Through thi9 tunnel the sun's rays will be reflected by the mirrors into a room in the basement where a grating spectroscope and other instruments for investigation of the radiation will be installed. The workshop has proved its utility both in economy and convenience. A large amount of repair work has been done both to observatory instruments and to those used on the surveys. Besides this a registering micrometer has been made for one of the portable astronomical transits. A polarizing photometer for use on the large equatorial has been made, as well as several attachments to the spectrograph. It has been found necessary to appoint an assistant to the mechanician, as there was too much work for one man to attend to. A building to contain the comparators of linear measures used on the surveys is in course of erection on the observatory grounds. Provision will be made in this building for apparatus for the comparison of tapes and other measures up to 50 metres in length. The practice of opening the observatory to the public on Saturday evenings has been continued. A member of the staff is always present on these occasions to exhibit the large telescope, and to explain the various celestial objects observed. Appreciation of this is shown by the large attendance, when the night is fine. Much interest is also manifested in the lectures of the Eoyal Astronomical Society of Canada, which are given every two weeks from October to May in the observatory lecture room. While the want of easy means of communication from the city no doubt keeps many away, there have been occasions when our room has been taxed to its utmost capacity. The astronomical and other scientific work of the observatory com- prises the following: — L Geophysical work. This is under the direction of Dr. Klotz ; it comprises seis- mological observation and investigation, and observations for the values of the magnetic elements at outside points. Gravity observations also come under this heading, but., for various reasons, nothing in this line has been done during the year. Daily records of the seismograph have been kept. An invitation from the International Seismological Association, extended through its president, to Canada to join the association, was accepted by Order in Council of July 10, 1907. The association has for object co-operation between scientific workers over the world in the study of the earthquakes and earth movements, with a view to the ascertainment, so far as possible, of the conditions of occurrence of earthquakes, and of the internal constitution of the earth. Dr. Klotz was present at the meeting of the association, at the Hague, last September. The magnetic observations, which have been taken at many stations, covering a wide range of longitude westward from the Atlantic coast, also are of scientific interest in connection with the investigation of the structure of the earth, as well as having practical value to those who use the magnetic compass. For details of the work done the reader is referred to the report of Dr. Klotz, in Appendix No. 1, to this report. 2. Astrophysical, and allied work. This is under the direction of Mr. Plaskett, and is described in his report in Appendix No. 2. The observations comprise measurements of the velocities in the line of sight of binary stellar systems, other spectrographic work, solar photographs, photometric and micrometric star measurements, observations of occultations of stars by the moon, and miscellaneous phenomena. Special attention has been paid to the first mentioned, the measurement of radial velocities and the reduction of the observations with their application to the determination of the forms of the orbits. As there are not a great many observatories engaged in this kind of work, the subject being indeed a com- paratively new one, it has been thought that systematic investigation in this line, for which our instruments with the improvements and adaptations devised by Mr. Plaskett are well suited, was a proper contribution of Canada to" science. REPORT OF THE CHIEF AUTJiOXOMER 3 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 3. Meridian observation and time service. This is under the direction of Mr. R. M. Stewart (See Appendix 3.) As the meridian circle has not yet been installed, observations under this heading taken in the observatory have been confined to transit observations having for purpose to determine the time regularly for the service of the observatory and the time system in the city, and to serve the purpose of the time exchange when the longitude of distant points is being determined. The time service to the government buildings has been satisfactory. It has been extended to the city post office, which has several dials and a large illuminated tower clock, all operated by a synchronized clock of the usual pattern in the basement. From this circuit is also operated a public clock which has been erected by the Ottawa Electric Company in front of their office on Sparks street. Dials have also been placed in the Printing Bureau, the Archives Building and the Royal Mint, but, owing to delay in the preparation of a room for the governing clock and its apparatus, these dials have not yet been put in operation. In Mr. Stewart's report will be found a description of some improvements in mechanism which have been made under his direction in connection with the synchron- ized clock, and in the recording transit micrometers, as well as an account of an investigation which he has made of the errors of observations with the portable transit, in which he has had in view the securing of greater accuracy in the astronomical field work. 4. The determination of latitudes and longitudes, for geographical purposes, has been continued as usual. Five stations in Yukon Territory, Dawson, Selkirk, Tantalus, Whitehorse and White-Pass, have been determined in latitude and longitude. The longitude of Dawson was first determined by exchange of signals with the station on the 141st Meridian, which was occupied for longitude in 1906 for international pur- poses; the other longitudes were then determined by exchange with Dawson. The observers were Messrs. F. A. McDiarmid and W. C. Jaques. The following stations in Eastern Canada were also determined: — Pembroke, Mattawa, Labelle, Roberval, Lake Edward, Riviere a Pierre, Barry Bay, Scotia Junction and Chapleau. The observers were Messrs. McDiarmid, Jaques and French. The longitudes were determined by direct exchange of time with the observatory. Mr. Stewart taking the observations here. The operations of the Geodetic Survey, under the direction of Mr. C. A. Bigger, comprised extension of the reconnaissance, preparation of the stations for observing by two signal building parties, observing the angles, and precision levelling by two parties along railway lines in the southern part of the province of Quebec. The scheme of triangulation, as far as to this date developed by the reconnaissance, is shown on a map accompanying this report. The preparation of the stations over this area is well advanced. Only one observer could be put in the field to measure the angles of the triangles, since we had but one instrument of sufficient size and power to secure the required accuracy. This was a twelve-inch theodolite, made by Messrs. Troughton & Simms. Two more twelve-inch theodolites have been procured, and the measurements will progress more rapidly hereafter. The area actually covered by the angle measurements last year was about 3,500 square miles, situated between the Ottawa and St. Lawrence rivers. A high degree of accuracy was obtained, the average of the closing errors of the triangles being less than one second. A base line several miles in length has been laid out near Coteau Junction, with a well conditioned expansion to the triangle sides, but it has not yet been measured. The International Boundary Surveys have comprised the survey of the 141st Meri- dian, and that of the boundary of the coast strip of Alaska, the re-survey of the 49th parallel and the re-survey of the 45th parallel. 4 DEPARTMEST OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 After the determination of the initial azimuth at the crossing of the Yukon river, which was spoken of in my last annual report, had been completed, the 141st Meridian was produced south about 130 miles. Great care was taken to secure accuracy, and a special method of production, using a transit with micrometric eyepiece, was employed. A plane table survey, checked by photographs, based upon a triangulation was made of the country adjacent to the line, and a vista was cut out through the woods, where such were found. As the line production considerably outstripped these auxiliary operations, more force will be employed in the latter this year. It is intended also to place the permanent monuments this season at points indicated in last year's line production. Mr. A. J. Brabazon had charge of the Canadian share of the work. In connection with this survey a line of levels will be run by Mr. D. H. Nelles, from Whitehorse to connect with the boundary line. The survey of the coast strip boundary was divided into the following sections: — A United States party, under Mr. Fremont Morse, made a triangulation up Glacier bay in order to determine the geographical position of the peak S. 7450, which lies to the northwest of the bay, and near the height of land between it and Alsek river. As the next peak to the west determined upon by the Tribunal, lies on the other side of Alsek river, and at a distance of about fifty miles from this one, and the two peaks are not intervisible, it was necessary to accurately determine the geographical positions of both peaks, in order that the important point where the boundary line crosses the Alsek river may be correctly placed. The more westerly peak was determined in the previous year by Mr. Morse, and an attempt was made to locate S.7450, from the Alsek river side, but unsuccessfully. It was located by last year's operations, and this year Mr. Morse will proceed to the marking of the line at the Alsek. Mr. D. H. Nelles, D.L.S., accompanied Mr. Morse last year as the Canadian representative, Mr. Geo. White-Fraser, D.T.S., accompanied him this year. Mr. O. M. Leland, of the U.S. service, determined the position of the peaks to the east of Lynn canal, continuing his work of previous years southward from White Pass, and completing the connection with the peaks already determined from Taku river. Two Canadian parties worked in the region between peaks ' P ' and ' T ' of the Tribunal. The Tribunal did not define the boundary line between these peaks, a distance of some 125 miles. By a supplementary agreement made in March, 1905, the line was defined as following from summit to summit of certain peaks, from peak ' P ' which is north of Taku river, to a peak near Whiting river. Thence by the terms of the agreement the line is to go to ' T ' by peaks to be selected by the Commissioners after survey, but not departing more than a specified distance from the straight line. The line was surveyed in 1906 from Taku river to Whiting river by Messrs. J. D. Craig and W. F. Eatz, Dominion Land Surveyors. The work between Whiting river and peak ' T ' involves, under the agreement, a topographical survey and map as a pre- liminary to the selection of peaks by the Commissioners. With a view to the mapping of this region, Mr. Ratz last year proceeded up Stikine river until he found, at Flood Glacier, a suitable point of entrance into the mountain- ous region to the west. By the photo-topographic method, based on a triangulation, he developed the topography of the region near ' T ' and north of it for a considerable distance. This year he continues this survey, proposing to enter the region at a point further north, approaching this lime from the Pacific side at the upper end of the Endicott Arm of Holkham bay. Mr. Greene, assistant to Mr. Ratz, completed the cutting out of the vista and its marking of the boundary line at the Taku and Whiting rivers early in the season, joining Mr. Ratz later on the Stikine river. Mr. J. D. Craig's survey had for purpose the survey of the boundary joining the Tribunal peaks from Mt. Whipple, southeast of Stikine river to near Unuk river. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a This part of the boundary lies among rugged mountains a considerable distance from the coast and, in part, on the eastern side of the watershed of Iskut river, a large tributary of the Stikine, coming from the southeast. Mr. Craig entered this region by the way of Bradfield Inlet. He carried a triangu- lation from the U. S. Coast Survey triangulation up Bradfield river to connect with the boundary peaks. Considerable topographical work also had to be done, since the survev made by the Joint Commission in 1893 was in this region incomplete. Unfortunately many of the photographic plates exposed for the purpose of developing this topography were lost by the upsetting of a canoe in the river during the high water of the latter part of the summer. Every effort was made to recover the plates which were enclosed in stout tin cases, and subsequently a reward was offered for their recovery, but unsuc- cessfully. The loss affects a part of the topographical survey only, and not the triangu- lation for the determination of the boundary line. As above stated, it was found that the line in part falls within the Iskut drainage. It was judged that the line would cross a southerly tributary of that river at a low altitude in a timbered valley. It was not practicable to reach this part of the line from the Bradfield side, and this year Mr. Craig is on his way up the south branch of the Iskut to complete the survey of that portion of the line. Mr. Bates, one of his assistants, with a small party, will again ascend Bradfield river, to complete the topographical work, including that section of which the plates were lost last year. The survey of the 49th parallel west of the Rocky Mountains was completed during the season, including the vista cutting, line measurements, topographical work and setting of the permanent monuments, but excepting a part of the triangulation through the Coast range. This is being done this year by Mr. E. T. de Coeli, a member of Mr. J. J. McArthur's staff. A technical examination of the line tracing and the monuments to ensure accuracy was begun by Mr. Sinclair, of the TJ. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, and Mr. N. J. Ogilvie, D.L.S. They completed this inspection from Osoyoos lake to the summit of the Rocky Mountains. In July and August, in company with Messrs. O. H. Tittmann and C. D. Walcott. the U. S. Commissioners, I engaged in a general inspection of the work. The re-survey of the 49th parallel east of the Rocky Mountains has been begun. Mr. McArthur, with a party, is working from Coutts eastward, under a tentative agreement with the U. S. Commissioners, whereby the survey is to be made in alternate sections, by each country, of 100 miles. The re-survey of the boundary line between Quebec and Vermont, the so-called 45th parallel has been completed. This work has been done by a joint party under Mr. G. C. Rainboth, D.L.S., and Mr. J. B. Baylor, of the TJ. S. Coast and Geodetb Survey. It comprises a re-survey of the line, clearing out the vista, re-setting the old monuments, and placing numerous new ones to meet the needs in that respect, and making a topographical survey, by plane table, of a belt extending one mile on each side of the line. The re-survey has been begun this spring, under Messrs. Rainboth and Baylor, of the line between Maine and New Brunswick, northward from the source of the St. Croix river. Owing to the increase in the surveying work, both of the boundary surveys and the Geodetic Survey, the office space in the observatory was found altogether insuf- ficient. It was therefore decided to provide quarters elsewhere for the former, and rooms were rented in the Trafalgar block, at the corner of Bank and Queen streets. These have been occupied during the winter. Appended hereto will be found the following: — Anpendix 1. — Report by Otto Klotz. LL.D., on seismological and magnetic work. Appendix 2. — Report by J. S. Plaskett, B.A., on the astrophysical work. 6 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Appendix 3. — Report by R. M. Stewart, M.A., on meridian work and time service. Appendix 4. — Report on observations for latitude and longitude by J. Maeara, Chief Computer. Appendix 5. — Report of work done in the photographic division. Appendix 6. — Description of a method for determining, from radial velocity observations, the elements of the orbit of a binary system, with tables by W. F. King, LL.D. Appendix 7. — Report by C. A. Bigger, D.L.S., on the geodetic survey. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, W. F. KING, Chief Astronomer and Boundary Commissioner. 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a A. 1909 APPENDIX 1. EEPOET OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, 1908. SEISMOLOGY, TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM AND GRAVITY BY OTTO KLOTZ, LL.D. 25a— 3 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a A. 1909 CONTENTS. Page. Seismology 11 Earthquakes recorded 16 Microseisms 24 Terrestrial Magnetism 42 Description of the Tesdorpf No. 1977 43 Observations 47 Determination of Horizontal Intensity 49 Stations occupied 52 Gravity 60 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. 1. Filament vibrations 60 2. Weather map (blank) 60 3. Tesdorpf Theodolite Magnetometer 46 4. Magnetometer 46 5. Seismogram at Ottawa 60 6. Chart showing Magnetic Declination 25a— 3J 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a A. 1909 APPENDIX 1. SEISMOLOGY, TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM AND GRAVITY, BY OTTO ELOTZ, LL.D. Ottawa, Ont., April 1, 1908. W. E. King, Esq., B.A., LL.D., Chief Astronomer. Department of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the work carried out under my charge: — Seismology, Terrestrial Magnetism and Gravity, for the period July 1, 1907 to March 31, 1908, the latter date being the end of the newly adopted fiscal year. SEISMOLOGY. The Bosch photographic seismograph has been in continuous service and has given satisfaction. However, constant vigilance is necessary, as with all instruments when high efficiency is desired. The source of light for the reflected beam from the small silver mirror at the point of support of the pendulum is from an alternating 104-volt current. As the observatory machine shop is run from the same circuit, the intensity of the light suffers some variation, depending on the running of the machinery. The light itself is from a single filament; the ordinary commercial electric lights with looped filaments are inapplicable as the image can not be condensed to a point or small spot of light on the sensitive paper on which the photographic record of the seismograph is made. It is found necessary to obtain these single filament lights in Germany (from Siemens & Halske), as none are made in Canada or the United States. It may be interesting to record the following occurrence. Recently some fresh lamps were received of 25 c. p. ; they were similar, but not identical with those used for the past two years. The glass tube is of somewhat larger diameter, the single filament is 22-5 cm. long, and the upper end is, as in the former case also, attached to a spiral spring, but of less than half the length of the other and open wound, having six coils. In both cases the return is by an outside thin uncovered twisted copper wire. The images as seen at the box surrounding the cylinder or drum are each about 2 cm. — long straight lines ; these are condensed by a cylindrical lens to two small light spots on the photographic paper. When the new light was installed it gave a bright while light. It has been found with all the lamps that although they give a white light at first, in a very few hours it becomes reddish, and then remains fairly constant for weeks. The first day's record was satisfactory with the new light, but on the second day after recording for about five hours normally, both records (of the two pendulum mirrors) suddenly widened from a fine black line to a blurred one about 3 mm. wide, and continued so, with the exception of an hour or so when the usual black line was made. To be able to read the record or have a time-scale, the light isscut off by closing the slit every minute for two seconds. The seismogram had a startling appearance (Plate 1), it looked like a brick wall, the blurring was just about the width of the thread of the screw on the cylinder by which it is moved laterally, thus making the record look solid, with the minute-breaks for mortar. The cause of the trouble was 11 12 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 not at once apparent. A new lamp was installed ; it behaved well for a day, and then the same trouble arose. By this time it was evident that the phenomenon was produced by the vibration of the filament. From the above data it will be noticed tibat the fila- ment of the new lamp is a little longer (2-5 cm.) than that of the old lamp; that it is attached to a shorter spiral spring, and does not pass through a narrow glass neck within the glass tube. The next question was, what sets the filament in vibration? All possible external causes — earth tremors, mechanical disturbances of whatsoever nature — received due consideration and comparison with the record, but were all ruled out of court, so that by the principle of exhaustion and elimination, the electric current itself was left as the disturbing factor. The current, as stated, is an alternat- ing one, with 120 alternations to the second, the variation of which is confined to a few per cent, — less than five. The alternating current passing through the spiral spring (which may be likened to a solenoid) produces a magnetic effect so that the convolu- tions are alternately attracted and released, that is, the spring opens and closes with each alternation like an accordion or concertina and this action is more or less recipro- cated by the filament, especially if its period of vibration is coincident with the number of alternations per second. To assure myself that the position of the outside copper wire, lying along the glass tube, played no part whatever on the phenomenon, I cut it and led away one end straight up and the other straight down, by means of a long covered wire, but without producing any effect. I had the lamps removed to my room, set up on a frame and connected with the electrolier and the current turned on in order to watch the behaviour of the light. For a day or two they resented, appar- ently, the exposure. I then applied two bar magnets on opposite sides of the middle of the glass tube putting thereby the current in the magnetic field, when one of the filaments went into violent vibrations. The light presented two phenomena in the subsequent experiments, sometimes, but far less frequently, it appeared as a bright spindle ; but more generally it had the appearance of a bright ribbon, tapering at both ends, a section of a spindle. When oscillating in this ribbon form, it readily responded to the approach of the magnets and would follow them, the plane of vibration being at right angles to the line between the magnets. This response could be effected too by a single magnet held perpendicular to the filament and 30 or 40 cm. away. The position of rest that the oscillations assumed was not quite indifferent, although not confined to one invariable position. The position assumed seemed dependent upon the plane of the spiral spring, i.e., either in the plane or normal to the plane of the tilt. When withdrawing the magnets, the ribbon light would oscillate bodily, as if on pivots, for a few moments before coming to its position of rest. When both magnets, with opposite poles, were close to or in contact with the glass tube in opposite sides respec- tively, and kept there, then the oscillations were of the spindle form and not that of a ribbon. A gentle tap of the glass tube would assist in starting the oscillations under the influence of the magnets, and a sharper tap, at times, without the magnets produced the same result, that is, in starting the vibrations of the filament. From the pheno- mena that have been observed it would appear then that the light begins to vibrate when left to itself when everything is tuned, so to speak, to respond to the inherent note of the filament, that is, the alternations, the spiral spring and filament must be in unison. The behaviour of the light under the influence of the magnets is a very pretty phenomenon. Attention may be drawn to another point of the record of the oscillation. It is well known that with photographic records of earthquakes as the amplitude increases the records become fainter and fainter, due to the rapidly moving light spot, until no record is seen save faint spots at the turning points of the forward and backward swing of the light spot, there being a momentary rest at the turning point and hence the photographic effect. For this same reason the edge or range of these very rapid oicillations, that have been under discussion above, will be photographed more intensely, and the edge or margin will appear darker as is seen in the diagram (Plate 1). It is REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a needless to say that the lamps that are responsive to the alternations are useless for recording purposes. The cure is new and shorter lamps. One of the prime requisites in the study of seismograms is a thoroughly accurate time-scale, besides having the scale of such ratio that time may be read to individual seconds, this latter may be done when the scale is 15 millimetres to the minute, as is provided on many of the modern instruments. But with reference to the time itself, there is room for considerable improvement. It is unnecessarily burdening the dif- ficult problems of seismology when the utmost confidence can not be placed on the time record. The studies of seismic disturbances have now advanced to that stage that an accuracy to a second is demanded. The most satisfactory arrangement is to have the time-recording mechanism of the seismogram in electric circuit with a standard mean time clock, itself under control by a master clock, as is the case with our instrument; there should then never be any correction of the magnitude of a second to the seismo- gram. Time records which only indicate the hours, obviously no longer meet the requirements of investigations of the present day. Another point about time records that is not yet universally satisfactory is the want of co-ordination with reference to Greenwich, the prime meridian for inter- national time. All records should be expressed in standard time, and not in local time, that is, the time adopted for the time scale of the seismogram in every country should differ from Greenwich time an even hour or hours. This avoids confusion not to say annoyance in the inter-comparison of records. Various writers on seismology have made reference to the observations made by F. Napier Denison at Victoria, B.C., the results of which were published in the Quarterly Journal of the Eoyal Meteorological Society No. 120, October, 1901, under the title ' The Seismograph as a Sensitive Barometer.' The Milne horizontal pendulum there is mounted, p. 293, ' upon a concrete pier rising from the water's edge.' Let it be noted here that the water's edge is that of Victoria harbour, subject to the influence of the tides to be noted hereafter. Mr. Denison had, p. 294, ' frequently found that in the course of twenty-four hours the boom would swing off the photographic paper, and to bring it into its proper position it was necessary to alter the levelling adjust- ment.' To study the phenomenon ' wanderings of the boom ' accurate measurements were made of the position of the boom, and tri-daily observations of the barometer, also tri-daily records of the direction and velocity of the wind and precipitation were made. From them, p. 295, ' it was found that the diurnal change was most pronounced during periods of high barometric pressure, as is usual during the summer months, while shortly before the passage of areas of low pressure across the province from the Pacific, the diurnal change would be completely masked by the steady easterly move- ment of the boom. These plottings were then studied in conjunction with our bi-daily synoptic weather charts for the corresponding period. From this comparison the following results have been deduced: — That when the barometric pressure is high over the Pacific slope from British Columbia to California, while off the Pacific coast the barometer is comparatively low, the horizontal pendulum tends to move towards the eastward. This movement appears to be due to distortion of the earth's surface, caused by the heavier air over the Pacific slope depressing the underlying land-surface below its normal position, while, on the other hand, the comparatively light air over the adjacent ocean tends to allow the sea and earth beneath to rise above its normal level; hence a horizontal pendulum as delicately poised as the one under discussion will, under these conditions, swing towards the region of greatest terrestrial depression, provided it be free to move in that direction. This theory of the earth's distortion under unequal atmospheric pressures is borne out when cases during these three months are taken, when the barometer is high over the ocean and a trough of low pres- sure covers the Pacific slope and Rocky Mountains, then the boom is found to travel towards the westward and continue to do so until a change in the distribution of air pressure occurred.' It will be observed that the investigations that Denison carried 14 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 out were in connection with the tilting and not with vibrations of the earth's surface; tilting caused by an unequal pressure or weighting of the surface. In the whole of the paper not a word is said about the effect of tides, although the instrument is within stone's-throw of the tide line. Further on we read, p. 297: 'It has been found that when an extensive storm area is approaching from the westward, and often 18 or 24 hours before the local barometer begins to fall, the pendulum swings steadily to the eastward, completely masking any diurnal fluctuations that might have existed, as the storm area approaches; and in the event of it being followed by an important high area, the pendulum will begin to swing towards the westward before it is possible to ascertain this area's position on the current Weather Charts. The principle already stated, that areas of heavy and light air cause a distortion of the earth's surface under which they prevail, is proved conclusively by types similar to the above illustration.' With reference to the effect of the moon upon the solid crust of the earth we may refer to Sir G. H. Darwin*: ' The various effects which the moon may exercise on a pendulum are very complex. First, as regards simplicity, is the effect of the force to which the oceanic tides are due. If the earth were absolutely stiff and unyielding, this tide-generating force would produce a periodic oscillation of the pendulum of an amplitude which can be calculated with a close degree of approximation. That ampli- tude is so small that the measurement of it, even by the most delicate instruments, is a matter of the greatest difficulty. But in the second place the moon's tide-generating force acts not only on the pendulum, but also on the earth; and as the earth cannot be, as a whole, absolutely stiff, it must yield to the force. If it yielded as freely as water, the earth's surface would necessarily be perpendicular to the pendulum, and the pendulum would remain at rest. But it does not yield with perfect freedom, and there- fore, in as far as it yields, its movement imparts to the pendulum an apparent deflec- tion which tends to mask the true deflection due to tide-generating force. Lastly, at places within a few hundred miles of the sea,, the varying load of the oceanic tide must produce a deflection of a pendulum, which is partly real and partly apparent. The real portion is almost certainly by far the smaller;' it is due to the direct attrac- tion of the sea, which will vary in intensity with the alternations of high and low water. The apparent portion is due to the warping of the superficial strata by the varying load of the tide, the slope being towards the sea at high water, and away from it at low water.' Victoria lies at the eastern end of the straits of Juan de Fuca, which have an average width of about 15 miles, and is distant from the broad waters of the Pacific ocean about 70 miles. The Spring tides at Victoria vary between 7 and 10 feet, while the Neaps vary between 5 and 8 feet. On the other hand the barometric variations during the year lie within a range of 1-5 inches. The work of Denison shows un- doubted care and considerable labour in making the many measurements, but it i3 questionable whether his results warrant the conclusions arrived at. The writer undoubtedly believes that change of atmospheric pressure can be read by a sensitive seismograph, but at the same time has very grave doubts as to the interpretation of the ' wanderings of the boom.' The point under discussion does not refer to pulsations or oscillations in the earth's crust, but to the bending of the same under varying loads, thereby causing a change in position of the pendulum zero. For an observing station on the sea-coast where the tide ebbs and flows, and the rise and fall is measured in feet, it is obviously wanting in completeness of investi- gation to ignore the effect caused by the loading and unloading of the coast line and sea bottom by the tides and deal only with the changing atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is equivalent to about fifteen pounds per square inch when the barometer stands at thirty inches, i.e., for a fall of one inch in the barometer the atmospheric pressure is reduced by half a pound. Now a fall of one inch (25 mm.) is not a very common occurrence within 24 hours, yet during that time the immediate * Seismology: Milne p. 263. REPORT OF THE CBIEF ASTRONOMER 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a coast and sea-bottom have been loaded once or twice with, a wedge of water, having a base of several feet in height. This tidal load may be compared to an area of high barometer. The specific gravity of sea-water is about 64 lbs. to the cubic foot, and hence the pressure per square inch of a column one foot high is slightly over half a pound, i.e., it is fully as much as produced by a change of atmospheric pressure indicated by a fall of one inch of the barometer at sea-level. Now the amount of bending of the earth's crust is dependent not only upon a difference of pressure, but also upon the gradient, in other words, upon the relative position of the isobars. Examining our Weather Maps, it will be found that isobars differing by one-tenth inch and at distances apart of 150 miles are considered to give pretty steep gradients, so that to give a difference of one inch the barometric ' high ' will cover an area 3,000 miles in diameter; or we may say that the distance between an area of high and one of low barometer, differing by one inch in pressure, will be approximately 1,500 miles. Even disregarding the tides at Victoria itself, which are on an average 8 feet, i.e., considering the straits of Juan de Fuca as land, we cannot get away from the fact that at a distance of TO miles, less than half the distance we have assumed for a steep gradient between isobars differing by one-tenth inch barometric pressure, we have the broad waters of the Pacific loading and unloading the continental coast and the 6ea-bottom with a volume of water, that may be safely assumed as being two feet in depth. It must be obvious, that as far as the bending of the earth's crust is concerned, the latter is subject to greater stresses in the vicinity and along continental coast lines by virtue of the rise and fall of the tides than through variations in atmospheric pressure. And hence to study for a coast station the bending of the earth's surface due to difference of atmospheric pressure without taking into consideration the tidal effect, would necessarily seem to lead to conclusions based on inadequate data. It may be observed that as the Milne pendulum is mounted north-south, and the co-tidal lines of the North Pacific along the American continent have a general north-south direction, the pendulum will thereby receive its maximum effect, as the ' wanderings of the boom ' are east and west. Another point may be referred to, and that is the effect of variation of barometric pressure upon the water, upon the tides. A high barometer will decrease the height of the tide, and the effect may be taken at about one inch of the mercury column to one foot of water. Hence the combined effect of baro- metric and tidal pressures may in one case increase and in another decrease the bend- ing effect of either. As there is as yet little definitely known about the relationship between atmos- pheric pressure and the zero position of a horizontal pendulum, and furthermore there is a divergence of opinion among those who have occupied themselves with the subject, it was considered that in the interest of the important question involved, the weak points in the Victoria investigation should be referred to. The graph which Denison constructs from measurements of the ' wanderings of the boom ' for the year 1899, he studies by ' carefully examining the Victoria bi-daily Weather Charts, which cover the above-mentioned land area, and also the monthly charts of normal barometric pressure published in the Summary of the International Meteorological Observations from 1878 to 1887 (Washington). Eef erring to the Victoria Weather Charts for January, 1899, we find an abnormal amount of high barometric pressure prevailing over the Pacific slope from northern British Columbia southward to California, while off the coast at this latitude the normal winter low pressure remained constant. The combined influence of the heavier air over the Pacific slope and diminished pressure over the ocean probably caused the abnormal easterly movement of the pendulum during this month.' — In the first place, referring to the above quotation it is not at all clear what the normal barometric pressure for the period 1878 to 1887 has to do with the barometric pressures for 1899, the ones to which the pendulum movements are supposedly due. It is a question of cause and effect; what the pressures were in any other year than 1S99 can not move the boom in 1899. In the next place, the statement that in January ' an abnormal amount of 16 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 high barometric pressure prevailed over the Pacific slope ' does not appear quite accordant with the data in the ' Report of the Meteorological Service of Canada ' for 1899. In that report there are four stations given for the Pacific coast in British Columbia from latitude 54° 34' to 48° 24', viz. : Port Simpson, Rivers Inlet, Carmanah and Victoria, for which the monthly mean, maximum and minimum pressures are given. It is found that in every case the monthly mean for January is not greater than the annual mean, so that the ' abnormal amount of high barometric pressure ' is not apparent. The following are the figures taken from the report : — Mean for Jan. Mean for year. Inches. Inches. Port Simpson 29-76 29-81 Rivers Inlet 29-89 29-95 Carmanah 29-79 29-82 Victoria 29-94 29-94 Data for the Pacific coast south in the United States are at the moment not avail- able. It may be observed that as the pendulum is mounted north and south, areas of high and low barometer must lie east and west of each other to affect the pendulum materially, for the zero position of the pendulum would not be sensibly affected were those areas north and south respectively, of the station. From the preceding short presentation it would appear, therefore, that the conclusions arrived at by the investi- gation of Denison at Victoria in 1899 must be taken with reserve. It is not denied that the fact may be established that the ' Seismograph is a sensitive barometer,' but if such a conclusion is arrived at by observations at a station on the sea-coast, the effect of the tides as well as the weighting or loading effect influenced by coastal con- figuration of the change of level of the water due to difference of atmospheric pressure must enter into consideration. Earthquakes Recorded. The official year began with an earthquake in the forenoon of July 1, 1907. The seismogram gives the following data: — (Time is expressed in Greenwich Mean Time, counting from midnight to mid- night, the hours, i.e., from 0h to 24h.) N. S. Component. E. W. Component. h m s h m 9 First preliminary tremors began 13 15 49 13 15 49 Second preliminary tremors began. ... 13 18 14 13 18 38 Principal portion began 13 21 08 13 21 14 Duration of earthquake 59 00 1 02 00 Maximum amplitude 4™° 4°™ Period of pendulums 58-7 5s-7 Magnification 120 120 This quake was neither preceded nor succeeded by any earth tremors, the trace of light point being a perfectly straight line up to the time of the arrival of the prelim- inary tremors, which gave a greater (4mm) amplitude to the N. S. component than to the E. W. Component (2 -5mm). The former showed two maxima markedly, while the latter showed only one. The beginning of the second preliminary tremors is some- what \incertain on account of the occurrence of two, if not three, distinct minima for the N. S. component. The amplitudes for the phase of the second preliminary tremors is for each pendulum only about one-half that for the first preliminary, which is rather the reverse of what usually obtains. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a For the ' principal portion ' the amplitudes for the E. W. component are somewhat greater than for the N. S., the former being 4mm, the latter 3mm. In the latter part of the principal portion the superposition of the harmonic motion of the pendulum and of the periods of the earth's particles in the quake motion is well shown, (Plate 1). The waves of the principal portion have a period of 20s. Judging the earth- quake by the amplitude, the shock was greater than that recorded by the destructive Kingston earthquake. The distance from the epicentre was estimated at about 3,500km. It may be remarked that a circle described with a radius a little greater — say 3,800km — will pass through Iceland, Azores, the Windward Islands of the West Indies, will skirt Central America, Mexico on the Pacific side and pass through and along the west of California. On this arc of over three-quarters of a circle, we find many seismic areas, so that even when we can interpolate the distance from a single eeismogram accurately, when it happens to be near the above distance it is more difficult to suggest the locality than when the distance is such that confines the pro- bable place to a single known seismic area. The next earthquake record was on the morning of August 8, 1907. The earth began to show unrest from 10 p.m. on August 6, and set up the characteristic ' saw- tooth ' tremors which continued until relieved or neutralized by the small quake thirty hours afterwards. In this case the cause or origin of the earth tremors seems very clear, for the barogram (20cm equals a week) for that week shows a zigzag line, (range lmm) beginning shortly after 10 p.m. of August 6, dropping from 756mm to 753mm in 15 hours, and then rising with less fluctuation to 760mm in 18 hours, whereafter the pressure remained fairly constant for the following day. There does not seem to be any doubt that the barogram and seismogram are records of the same phenomenon, the former showing directly the rapidly varying atmospheric pressure, while the latter showed the effect of that varying pressure in causing pulsations to be set up in the crust of the earth. When the barogram shows rapid fluctuations we can frequently find the effect on the seismogram, although there are exceptions, notably in the twelve hours forenoon of April 30, last, when the barogram showed some twenty fluctuations in that time, and just before noon dropped suddenly over 2mm, yet the seismogram showed no disturbance. It is perhaps correct to assume that the earth's crust has for any given area an inherent period of vibration, and when the rapid fluctuations of .atmospheric pressure synchronize with the former, or the period of one is a multiple of a period of the other, then will the oscillation of the surface of the earth be more marked than would otherwise be the case. For the above quake the amplitudes of the first preliminary tremors were about the same as those of July 1, and relatively too for the two pendulums, but the whole quake only lasted about 15 minutes, followed by small earth-tremors, smaller in amplitude than those which preceded the quake, for several hours until quiet was restored. The following are the data : — N. S. Component. E. W. Component, h m e h m s First preliminary tremors began 9 23 20* 9 23 18* Second preliminary tremors began. ... 9 25 12 9 25 14 Principal portion 9 25 56 9 25 52 Duration of earthquake 11 00 12 00 Maximum amplitude S1™1 l-6mm Period of pendulums 58'7 5s-7 Magnification 120 120 •Greenwich Mean Time. Then followed the quake at noon of August 17. Before the quake, minute earth tremors, -2mm amplitude, for some hours manifested themselves. When the earth 18 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 is in a state of unrest it is not always easy to recognize the beginning of tie first preliminary tremors, when the impulse was either not great to begin with, or when the epicentre is very distant. The present one is a case in point. N. S. Component. E. W. Component. h m s h m s First preliminary tremors began 17 38 07* 17 38 07* Second preliminary tremors began. ... — — — — — — Principal portion began 17 47 06 17 47 05 Duration of earthquake 47 00 50 00 Maximum amplitude lmm l-G0™ Period of pendulums 5s-7 53-7 Magnification 120 120 •Greenwich Mean Time. The Press reported a despatch from Laibach, Austria, ' A violent distant earth- quake was recorded at the observatory here on Saturday night, beginning 6h 3Sm, and lasting 50 minutes.' The time would be equivalent to 5h 38m p.m. Greenwich time, or as is generally expressed, 17h 38m G.M.T., so that the record seems to be of the same earthquake. On the afternoon of August 22, 1907, the seismogram showed the occurrence of an earthquake. For hours before, the earth had been almost perfectly quiescent. The records of the first impulse by the two pendulums are fair reciprocals of each other. While the N. S. component showed a maximum amplitude of l-7mm at the beginning and then decreased, the E. W. component did the reverse, within 40 seconds, amplitude 2- 2mm. The data are: — N. S. Component. E. W. Component, h m s h m s First preliminary tremors began 22 41 00* 22 40 56* Second preliminary tremors began .... — — — — — — Principal portion 22 52 00 22 52 04 Duration of earthquake 26 00 31 00 Maximum amplitude 1.7mm 2-2mm Period of pendulums 5s-7 5s-7 Magnification 120 120 •Greenwich Mean Time. The second preliminary tremor was not clearly recognizable as such and hence no time is given therefor. One of the best seismograms yet obtained here was that of the earthquake of September 2, 1907, as shown on the accompanying copy (plate 5). The data are: — N. S. Component. E. W. Component, h m s h m 9 First preliminary tremors began 16 12 19* 16 12 18* Second preliminary tremors began. ... 1G 21 28 16 21 12 Principal portion 16 28 32? 16 28 36? Duration of earthquake 2 55 00 3 00 00 Maximum amplitude 15mm 13mm Period of pendulums 5s-7 5s-7 Magnification 120 120 •Greenwich Mean Time. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTR0X0iIF.lt 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a At 16h 35m both pendulums begin slow oscillations with large amplitudes, about 10mm, and period of approximately 24 seconds, these continue with more or less regularity, with, however, constant diminution of period, for about half an hour, when the period is approximately 13 seconds. It will be observed that the intervals between the 1st P. T. and the 2nd P. T., and the P. P. are not in the ratio fairly well known for distant earthquakes; the interval between the 2nd P. T. and the P. P. being too small. The record between 16h 28m and 16h 35m undoubtedly shows undulatory waves of a period of fully 40 seconds, which after 16h 35m, no longer show the undulatory characteristic, but simply of pulsatory waves of long period as already indicated above. Attention may be drawn to another feature of the diagram, and that is, to several distinct pulsations for both pendulums between the 1st and 2nd P. T. (preliminary tremors). Some seismologists explain this phenomenon as being produced by reflection at the earth's surface of the longitudinal wave, once or more times. The explanation is plausible, but far from obvious. It may be due too to the fact that the earthquake or debacle at the hypocentre is not one crash, but there may be several, following each other at short intervals, at such intervals, that for distant stations their impulses may arrive before the arrival of the transverse waves or second preliminary tremors, in which case their records would be readily identified on the seismogram. On September 23, in the afternoon, a well-marked earthquake was recorded. With most earthquakes, or more specifically, their seismograms, the most readily recognizable feature is the arrival of the first preliminary tremors, especially if the earth has been in a state of rest and no earth tremors immediately precede the quake. On the above date, the earth showed no signs of unrest, the seismograph was recording straight lines, yet the beginning of the 1st P. T. shows no easily distinguishable offset, but instead the merest departure, this latter is particularly the case for the E. W. com- ponent, which throughout shows a smaller amplitude, from which one might infer that the epicentre had a more southerly than easterly or westerly direction from here. I advisedly say southerly instead of ' southerly or northerly ' as the archaean country to the north of us, is, as far as known, free from earthquakes. The period of the principal portion of the maximum amplitude is for both pendulums 9s, which in a few minutes later diminished to 7s. The following are the data : — N. S. Component. E. W. Component, h m s h m 9 First preliminary tremors began 21 51 09* 21 51 09 Second preliminary tremors began.. .. 21 57 30 21 57 36 Principal portion — — — — — — Duration of earthquake 50 00 50 00 Maximum amplitude 15™° 12mm Period of pendulums 53-7 58-7 Magnification 120 120 •Greenwich Mean Time. On the forenoon of October 16,, 1907, a severe earthquake was recorded. The behaviour of the two pendulums was decidedly different for the first preliminary tremors. In the first place, it may be noted that preceding the quake the earth showed but very minute earth tremors, so that the arrival of the 1st P. T. could scarcely be obscured by them, as sometimes happens. While the E. W. component shows a decided abrupt amplitude for the first impulse, and a period of 5s -7, which is the period too of the pendulum, the N. S. component shows but very minute oscillations of about 3s -3 period, and these persist for nearly six minutes with slightly increasing distinctness, until a change in their character supervenes. These minute oscillations, of about half the period of the pendulum for the N. S. component, can be seen too here and there in the seismogram for hours before the quake, and which are recognized as ' earth 20 DEPARTHEyT OF THE IXTERrOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 tremors.' The earth tremors on the E. W. component are never shown to be of such short period, but are always practically the period of the pendulum. After the begin- ning the E. W. component oscillates fairly regularly, period 5s-7 with varying ampli- tudes up to 6mm. until 14h 10m 14s G.M.T., when wave interference takes place. This wave interference takes place on the other, N. S., component a minute earlier, at 14h 09m 12s G.M.T. Henceforth the regularity of the oscillations for both components is more or less interrupted, until at 14h 15m both pendulums start such wide oscil- lations that with a somewhat weak light the photographic record is no longer con- tinuous. This condition obtains for about seven minutes, when again the amplitudes are fully recorded. Although for the first preliminary tremors the N. S. component seemed less responsive to the waves than the E. W. one, yet when the principal portion sets in, and onward to the end of the quake, its amplitude is fully as large as that .">f the other for the corresponding time. The following are the data: — N. S. Component. E. W. Component. h m 8 h m s First preliminary tremors began 14 04 00?* 14 03 50* Second preliminary tremors began. ... 14 09 12 14 10 14 Principal portion .' 14 14 40 14 14 44 Duration of earthquake 2 00 00 2 00 00 Maximum amplitude 24mm 24mm Period of pendulums 5a-7 5a-7 Magnification 120 120 •Greenwich Mean Time. As this severe earthquake was not recorded by the Press it must have occurred either in the ocean or in uninhabited parts. The distance estimated, 4,800km, about 3,000 miles, would appear to make the disturbed area near the boundary line between Colombia and Ecuador. A few days later, about midnight of Sunday, October 20-21, 1907, occurred another marked earthquake. The earth had been in a state of unrest and tension since Saturday, as shown by the earth tremors recorded by the seismograph, and which made it difficult to determine, at least for the E. W. component, the accurate time of arrival of the first preliminary tremors. The seismogram immediately showed that we were dealing with a very distant disturbance. It is generally found that the greatest amplitude is attained after the arrival of the long period surface waves, when the pendulum no longer retains its theoretical position of a steady point, but is set oscil- lating. In this case we have the maximum amplitude 10mm for N. S., 5mm for E. W. component, occurring immediately after the arrival of the second preliminary tremors, which are well marked, more so than the beginning of the succeeding long period surface waves. Comparing the earth tremors for several hours preceding the quake with those several hours afterwards, it is found that there is practically no difference. An earthquake is always a neutralizing of the stresses set up in the earth, a restoration towards a state of equilibrium, and hence in the epicentral area we should expect no earth tremors, as far as they are not due to barometric or atmospheric variations. However, distant earthquakes could scarcely affect local stresses, not due to external causes, and hence earth tremors are recorded after as well as before the quake as in the above case. The following are the data: — N. S. Component. E. W. Component. h m s h m e First preliminary tremors began 4 37 00?* 4 37 00 Second preliminary tremors began. ... 4 47 24 4 47 24 Principal portion 4 57 28? 5 00 16? 25 00 1 25 00 omm Omm 59-7 53-7 120 120 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a Duration of earthquake 1 Maximum amplitude Period of pendulums Magnification •Greenwich Mean Time. It is to be observed that the above tabulated maximum amplitude refers as here- tofore to the principal portion or surface waves. As has already been noted in this particular quake the amplitudes of the transverse waves, 2nd preliminary tremors, are the greatest. It was estimated that this quake was distant at least 9,000km. Press despatches the following day brought the news of a most disastrous earthquake in central Asia near Samarkand, of which we in Ottawa here had such a complete record. Not only was the earthquake very destructive as far as buildings are concerned, but hundreds of lives were sacrificed too. In the early hours of December 30, 1907, a severe earthquake was recorded, making a particularly fine seismogram. The earth had been almost wholly free from earth tremors preceding the quake, so that there was no interference phenomenon, and the arrival of the first preliminary tremors is well marked. From the intervals to the 6econd preliminary tremors and the beginning of the principal portion the distance to the epicentre was found to be 4,000km. The quake lasted for nearly two hours. The following are the data : — N. S. Component. E. W. Component. h m s h m 9 First preliminary tremors began 5 33 48* 5 33 48* Eeflection 5 35 08 5 35 10 Second preliminary tremors began. ... 5 39 24 5 39 20 Principal portion 5 43 40+ 5 44 00+ Maximum portion ll-5mm 5 50 00+ 5 47 40+ ■ 15-5*™ Duration of earthquake 1 40 00 1 40 00 Maximum amplitude 12™™ 16™™ Period of pendulums 6s-3 69-3 Magnification 120 120 •Greenwich Mean Time. fAbout. Such clear and good records of an earthquake as the above seismogram when compared with similar ones from other and distant stations, will contribute much to the proper interpretation of the wave impulses. A slight earthquake was recorded on the evening of February 1, 1908. It was at the time that the peculiar phenomenon of vibrations of the single filament of the electric light was experienced, so that the record is very blurred and difficult to read. The first preliminary tremors for both components arrived apparently at 23h 25m 20s G.M.T. The maximum amplitude was 6mm, and the quake lasted for 45 minutes. During the night of February 8-9, two small earthquakes manifested themselves distinctly, but being of small intensity combined with the earth tremors that were present, it is somewhat difficult to recognize the various phases. With some uncertainty the following are the readings : — N. S. Component. E. W. Component, h m 8 h m s First preliminary tremors began 3 28 12* 3 28 18* Second preliminary tremors began. ... ? 3 32 18 22 DEPARTMENT Of THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Principal portion 3 34 43 3 35 00 Duration of earthquake 35 00 38 00 Maximum amplitude 2mm 3mm •Greenwich Mean Time. There is a distinct oscillation lasting about 40s and beginning at 3h 23m 28s G.M.T. for the N. S. component, but the E. W. component shows absolutely no cor- responding disturbance. For the other and smaller quake we have: — N. S. Component. E. W. Component, h m s h m 8 First preliminary tremors began 9 15 08* 9 19 36* Second preliminary tremors began .... — — — — — — Principal portion.!! 9 28 40 9 26 30 Duration of earthquake 16 00 23 00 Maximum amplitude. I0™ l^™ Period of pendulums 59-7 6s-3 Magnification 120 120 •Greenwich Mean Time. The record for E. W. component is far better than that for the other, being sharper, hence discrepancy in reading the times. Two days afterwards another slight quake was recorded. The first preliminary tremors arrived at 13h 09m 4Ss G.M.T. (February 11), the maximum amplitude being only 1mm, and the quake lasted about 16 minutes. On February 14 two earthquakes were recorded; the data are as follows: — N. S. Component. E. W. Component, h m s h m s First preliminary tremors began 9 01 04* 9 01 20* Second preliminary tremors began. ... 9 08 20 9 08 18 Principal portion 9 14 00? 9 14 00? Duration of earthquake 40 00 40 00 Maximum amplitude 4mmt 5mmf Period of pendulum- 5s-7 63-3 Magnification 120 120 •Greenwich Mean Time. fAt 9h 08m 80s. For the other quake: — N. S. Component. E. W. Component, h m s h m s First preliminary tremors began 11 44 28* 11 44 00?* Second preliminary tremors began. ... 11 47 08 11 47 14 Principal portion 11 48 08? 11 48 28? Duration of earthquake 16 00? 16 00? Maximum amplitude S^™11 3-5mm •Greenwich Mean Time. From the time intervals of the different phases for each earthquake, it appears that they did not emanate from the same hypocentre, that for the latter being very much nearer than for the former. Subsequent, rather vague, press reports announced earth- REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a quake shocks about this time in the Azores, but the distance to the latter, being about the mean of the two deduced for the above, almost precludes a connection between the seismograrns and the disturbances in those islands. On March 3, 1908, the record showed the earth to be fairly quiescent, with the exception of a slight, yet well marked disturbance in the evening, lasting about 10 minutes. The nature of it makes it somewhat uncertain whether it was a slight earth- quake or only a passing earth tremor, although the barogram gives no evidence of the latter. The disturbance began at llh 48m and had an amplitude of l-5mm. On the following day, in the evening, a slight but distinct earthquake was recorded, especially by the E. W. component. As the disturbance was of small intensity, it is impossible to separate clearly the various phases. The following are the notes of the reading of the seismogram :— For the N. S. component we find as beginning, a faint trace at 2h 43m 24s (G.M.T. March 5), a distinct 'kick' at 2h 43m 35s, a slight dis- turbance between 2h 45m and 2h 45m 18s, a slight wave at 3h 25m; from 3h 26m to 3h 27m 14s three distinct waves, period 24s; last faint trace of undulating line at 3h 38m, period 20s?. For the E. W. component the beginning is shown by a faint trace at 2h 36m 48s G.M.T. ; it will be noticed that this is about 7 minutes earlier than recognized on the other component. The oscillations then recorded have a period of about 7 seconds and have the appearance of earth tremors. Between 2h 55m and 2h 56m there are slight irregularities, and between 2h 58m and 3h 03m well-marked oscillations of about 7 seconds period. From 3h 20m to 3h 28m begin long waves of 24 seconds period; shorter waves of 20 seconds period appear between 3h 40m and 3h 50m. End of quake was about 4h. Amplitude was 1mm. As already indicated the N. S. component scarcely responded to the disturbance. From a press despatch the following day from the seismological station at the Isle of Wight, where a ' very big earthquake ' was recorded, beginning at 2h 30m, it would appear that the above is a record of the same phenomenon, and as the Isle of Wight record very materially (16 minutes by press report) precedes the one here, it is inferred that the epicentre must have been nearer to and east of the English station. About 12 hours after the above, another small disturbance took place, which affected the two pendulums about equally. It does not show any characteristic of an earthquake by first and second preliminary tremors or principal portion, yet it is a very distinct disturbance, the record otherwise showing quiescence. It began at 14h 46m G.M.T. (March 5) and continued for 16 minutes, giving an amplitude of 1mm. 25a— 4 24 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 EARTHQUAKES RECORDED BY THE BOSCH PHOTOGRAPHIC SEISMOGRAPH AT OTTAWA, CANADA. Date. 1907. •Tnlj- 1. . . . Aug. 8... .. 17- „ 22 . Sept. 2. . „ 23. Oct. 16... .. 21... Dec. 30.... 1908. Feb. 9.... .. 9.. i. 14.. .. 14.. I I Greenwich mean time. — r. _■ = = C a; x.-s. E.—W. X.-S. E.— W. X.-S. E.—W. X.-S. E.-W. X.-S. E.-W. X.-S. E.-W. X— s. E.-W. X.-S. E.— W. X.-S. E.-W. X.— S. E.—W. X.-S. E.—W. N.-S. E.-W. X.— s. E.—W. h. m. s. 13 15 49 15 49 9 23 20 23 IS 17 38 07 38 07 22 41 00 40 56 16 12 19 12 IS 21 51 09 51 09 14 04 00? 03 50 4 37 00 4 37 00? 5 33 48 33 4S 3 28 12 28 18 9 15 OS 19 36 9 01 04 1 20 11 44 28 44 00? 3 tl ~ _ 13 IS 14 18 38 9 25 12 25 14 16 21 28 21 12 21 57 30 57 36 14 09 12 10 14 4 47 ?i 4 47 24 5 39 24 39 20 32 18 13 21 OS 21 14 9 25 56 25 52 17 47 06 47 05 22 52 00 52 04 16 28 32? 2S 36? 14 14 40 14 41 4 57 28? 5 00 16? 5 43 40» 44 00* h. in. 59 1 02 0 11 0 12 0 47 0 50 0 26 0 31 2 55 3 00 0 50 0 50 9 08 20 8 18 11 47 08 47 14 34 48 35 00 28 40 26 30 14 00? 14 00? 11 48 08? 48 28? 00 00 o 35 0 38 0 16 0 23 0 40 0 40 0 16? 0 16? = a 3 o = 1 ei - 24 24 12 16 1 ID 3 5 35 4 4 3 16 1 1-6 17 2 2 15 13 15 12 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 57 57 57 57 57 5 7 57 5'7 57 57 57 57 57 5'7 57 5-7 6 3 6 3 57 6 3 57 63 57 6 3 57 6 3 * About. Microseisms. By this designation are included all pulsations not directly attributable to what are generally known as earthquakes, that is, of abrupt, more or less violent, and momentary movements of the earth's crust, the effect of which may, however, continue for some hours. Attempts have been made to classify these microseisms according to their cause, but so far without complete success. During the past year the writer has paid considerable attention to these disturbances, and in doing so has studied and compared the daily seismograms with our weekly aneroid barograms and also with the daily weather maps, which give the isobars at 8 a.m. for Canada and the United States, roughly between latitudes 25° and 55°, and the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Tha REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a average time of the beginning of the seismogram sheet is about 10 a.m., so that the above isobars and gradients dependent upon them are for a time preceding the former by two hours. From the examination of the local barogram alone, not much informa- tion can be gathered as to the behaviour of the seismograph except when very rapid and marked fluctuations, say of a millimetre or more, take place in the pressure, com- parable with the ' pumping ' of a mercurial barometer at sea. The barometer may show little or no change in pressure at a given place, yet areas of high and low (baro- meter) may be rushing along to the north and south of it, setting up vibrations or pulsations of the earth's surface that may be markedly felt at the given place by the seismograph. Similarly from a large rise or fall of the barometer during 24 hours at a given place alone, we can draw no gradients to determine the atmospheric move- ments ; the position of the isobars, and highs and lows being unknown. We have simply the record of the vertical movement of pressure at one point. In the following table are given the microseisms, although not when showing merely the faintest trace here and there, recorded between July 1, 1907, the close of the last annual report, to March 31, 1908, the close of the newly adopted fiscal year; also the state of the barometer for the respective day taken from the weekly barogram sheet of an aneroid ; and lastly the position of the areas of ' high ' and ' low ' barometer at 8 a.m. of the respective day, taken from the daily weather maps covering Canada and the United States. The isobars are drawn at intervals of a tenth of an inch. The normal to the isobars is called the gradient, and when spoken of, generally refers to the gradient between a low and high passing through Ottawa. The maximum absolute amplitude of the microseism is expressed in microns (u,). It is to be noted that the beginning of each seismogram is about 10 a.m., that is, two hours after the time of the isobars of the weather maps. The object of the tabulation is to show various phenomena of the same time, and trace if possible any connection or relationship between them. The word gulf refers to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It may be observed that St. Johns is in Newfoundland and St. John in New Brunswick, as both places are referred to. For purposes of orientation of highs and lows, a blank weather map, plate 2, accompanies this report, in order that places referred to in the following tables may be readily identified. ' Steep gradient ' signifies a difference of pressure of one-tenth inch in 150 miles or less. The other terms used under the column ' gradient ' are based on the preceding scale. Date. Microseisms. Barometer in mm. High and Low areas. Gradients. 1907. July 9 ,i 29 First since Ju Marked, de llfi Marked, 13m. Very minute lyl.... Nearly constant Practically constant 750.. Practically constant 750.. Practically constant 750.. Gradually rising Gradually falling Constant 756 Slightly rising Nearly constant 758 Low, 29 5, lower St. Law rence. Low, 296, Gulf ; low, 297, Abitibi, high 301, Denvei Low, 29 '8, St. Lawrence; high, 301, Kansas and Bermuda. Low, 297, Montreal ; high, 30 ' 2, Wyoming and Bermuda. Low, 29-5, Gulf ; high, 30"4, Sault Ste. Marie. Low, 29 5, Port Arthur; high, 30-3 off Nantucket. Low, 29;6, Gulf ; high, 30'0, Detroit. Low, 297, Gulf ; high, 30-0, Port Arthur. Low, 29-8, Gulf ; high, 30-2, Sault Ste. Marie. Low, 29-8, The Lakes ; Not steep. Long. Very long. Very long. Fairly steep. Fairly steep. Not steep. Not steep. Fairly steep. Fairly steep. it ,, 30 .. 31 Aug. 14 M 16 creasing ., 29 „ 30 ,. 31 Sept. 3 25 Small Small, 4^. . . Well marked, 13m. ■■ »—*4 high, 30-1, Gulf. 26 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Date. Microseisms. 1907 Sept. Barometer in mm. High and Low areas. Gradients. No 13' Saw b tli " type Nearly constant well Nearly constant . ... Falling 14 'Sawtooth ', marked. 15 Well marked 19 Well marked, 8,u. 21 Small 25 Small, less than yesterday. 30 Very strong, 25m Oct. 1 Well marked, 12m. Falling Rapidly rising. Rising Gradually rising. 2 Well marked, but less ! than yesterday - 3 Well marked, 15m Rapidly falling to 743 Nearly constant 761. Slightly falling 4 Well marked, 9m. 4 Diminish much follow- ing morning. 7 Well marked, 13m ... . 9 Well marked. 13ju . Gradually rising Low. 298. Gulf : high, 303. The Lakes. Low, 29-9, Port Arthur ; high, 30*4, New Brunswick Low, 29'4, off Newfound- land ; high 304, Ottawa. Low. 300. Newfoundland; h'gh, 30 '3. off Maine coast. Low. L".ll, White River ; high, 30'1, Bermuda. Low, 29 3, mouth St. Law- rence : high, 301, Ber- muda ; another, 30 3 Omaha. Low, 29 5, Sable Island, surrounded by steep gradients to coast ; high, 30-0, Gulf ; another, 30'3, St. Paul. Low. 298, Sable Island: high, 303, Toronto. Low, 290, off Sable Island : high, 30-2, Ottawa. Low, 2tl'2, St. Johns; high, 30-2, Hatteras. Low, 29 6, Newfoundland ; Low, 29'5, < Ittawa. High, 301, Bermuda . Falls 8 mm. and rises again to 750. Gradually falling to 752 16 Slight increase to 16m Nearly constant 763 19 Slight increase to 10m Nearly constant 701 20 2llstrong, 21a 22 Well marked. 12m and Gradually rises to 765.. . decrease . Falls rapidly 12 mm . I Very strong, 25m. • - 23 Very strong, 21m. . • 24 Fairly strong, llu . . . 25 Strong, 17m 26 Fairly strong, 12m 27 Well marked, 8m 29 Fairly strong, 14m. • ■ Falls rapidly 5 mm., then rises. Gradual rise to 702. Falls 10 mm. to 752.. Rapid rise to 766 Falls to 756 Nearly constant 754. Nearly constant 755. Fairly steep. Fairly steep. Steep. Long. Pretty steep. Pretty steep. In part - Pretty steep. Steep in ocean. Very steep in Gulf bur not on land. Not steep. 30 Fairly strong, 12/t. 31 Well marked, 9m 4 Slight, but increase to 16m. Gradually rising to 772. Nearly constant 771. Nearly constant 754. Low, 29 '8, St. Lawrence to Texas; high 30 "2, Wyom- ing and Bermuda. Low, 29 6, Newfoundland ; low, 20 7, Port Arthur ; high, 30*2, New York Low, 29 7. Newfoundland : high, 30*4, Washington.-; Low, 29-8, Gulf; high, 30-3. Philadelphia Low, 30 0, Chicago; high, 30 4, Winnipeg. Low, 29"5, Sable Island ; high, 30'4. Detroit. Low, 29 1, St. Johns another, 296, White River: high, 30 3. off Norfolk. Low, 20 5. mouth of St. Lawrence : high, 30 1. Bermuda ; high, 30 '2, Port Arthur; high, 30 1, Galveston. Low, 20 6, Sable Island ; high, 30 3, Toronto. Low, 29 '8, Gulf; high, 30-2, Hatteras. Low, 29 '7. Gulf; high, 30 4, Toronto. Low, 29 8, Georgian Bay; high, 30 4. Halifax. Low, 29'6. off Boston ; high, 30 3, Port Arthur ; another Louisville, 302. Low, 29 4, Gulf; high, 30 4, Toronto. Fairly steep. Steep in Gulf. Steep in Gulf Not steep. Not steep. Very steep around low. Extremely steep in Gulf. Low', 23'3, mouth of St. Lawrence; high, 30 1, Chattanooga. Steep. Fairly steep. Not steep. Fairly steel". Steep. Steep around low. Very steep. Steep. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 27 Date. Microseisms. Barometer in nun. High and Low areas. Gradients. 1907. Nov. 6 Slight, increase after 5 p.m. to 9 a.m. 21m. Rapid fall to 733 Low. 29 '7, Norfolk; high, 30-3, Gulf; another 301, I Jalveston. Fairly steep. II 7 Strong, 18m Rises rapidly to 751 . . Low, 291, Montreal : high, 30 2, Newfoundland ; another, 301, Montgom- Exceedingly steep. M s Fairly strong, 10m Nearly constant 751 ery. Low, 29 3, mouth St. Law- rence ; high, 30'2, Jack- sonville. Fairly steep. „ 25 Very marked, 17m ... Gradually falls 11 mm. Low, 29 '9, off New York ; Steep on Atlantic to 750. " Low, 298, Port Arthur ; high, 30' 6, Gulf; high, 30 3, Vicksburg. coast. ' 29 Very strong, 25m ... Gradually rises to 765. . . Low, 29 7, Gulf: low, 30 it, Jacksonville; high, 30 '5, Salt Lake. Not steep. It :io Marked,fallingoff,14/4 Gi Low, 30 0, off Hatteras ; Not steep. low, 29 9, St. Louis ; high, 30 3, Quebec. Dec. 2 Marked, reading 17a1- Rising 10 mm. to 765 . . . Low, 29 2, Gulf; high, 30 5, Salt Lake. Very steep in ( Julf. " :» Become very strong, 21m- About constant, 759 Low, 29 8, off New York ; high, 30 5, Chattanooga. Steep :ilong coast. " fi Very marked, 17,u. . . . About constant, 759 Low, 29'4, Gulf ; high, 30*4, Chattanooga. Steep in Gulf. H i Strong till midnight, 12/t. About constant, 7G0 Low, 2!i<), Gulf ; high 30-3, Charleston. Not steep. „ 13 Fairly quiescent till 0 Nearly constant, 764, with Low, 29 6, Gulf; high, Steeper, Lower S t. p.m., then increase many fluctuations of 1 30 '3, Washington. Lawrence. by 6 a.m., to 12m- mm. ■ . 17 Fairly strong, 13/i. . Nearly constant, 757 .... Low, 29 5, off Sable Island ; high, 30 2, Charleston. Not sleep. ii 24 Fairly strong, 11m • ■• Rises lapidly, 13 mm. to Low, 28 '7, mouth St. Law- Very steep. 755. rence ; high, 30 '2, Texas. " 25 Fairly strong, 13m . . . Falls to 751, then rapidly rises to 765. Low, 29 5, Gulf; another, 29 ' 5, N. Michigan ; high, Steep. 30 '2, Jacksonville. " 31 Strong, 17m Falls 4 mm., then nearly constant, 754. Low, 28 9, Gulf; high, 30 3, Chattanooga. Very steep. 1908. Jan. 1 Begins with strong, then diminish. Gradually rises, 5 mm . . Low, 29'6, Gulf ; high, 30'3, Charleston. Not steep. " 5 Strong, increase to midnight, 17m. Gradually falling to 754. Low, 29-2, Gulf ; high, 30-3, Chicago. Very steep. " 12 Fairly strong, 9m Low, 29'2, Cincinnati ; high, 30'2, Gulf. Steep about low. " 14 Increase to midnight, 8m. Low, 29 '2, Gulf; high, 303, Memphis. Steep. " 23 Marked Nearly constant, 763 Low, 29 6, Gulf; high, 30 7, Omaha. Steep, Lower H r. La wi ence. M 24 Strong, 1 5m Rapidly falls. 17 mm. to 747. Low, 29 5, off Hatteras ; Very steep low to low. low, 29 6, Winnipeg; high, 303, Anticosti ; high, 30 '5, Memphis. " 25 Well marked, decreas- ing. Low, 29 1, Sable Island; high, 30' 2, Jacksonville. Steep about low. ., 27 Small, S^i Rises rapidly, 18 mm. to 754. Low, 28'9, Quebec ; high, 30 1, Memphis. Extremely steep about low. Feb. 1 Increase after 6 p.m., Falls 13 mm. to 732, then Low, 29 1, Detroit; high, Extremely steep 11m- rises to 745. 30 4, Sable Island. about low. ii 2 Strong, 13m Gradually rises to 755. . . Low, 28 9, mouth St. Law- rence; high, 30 6, Mem- phis. Very steep. it 15 Small, increasing, 9m ■ Falls 5 mm. to 730, then Low, 29 0 Buffalo ; high, Steep about low. rises rapidly to 746. 30 ■■», Salt Lake. „ 10 Well marked, 11m- . ■ Slie-ht rise. . . Low, 29 0, Anticosti ; high, 30-3, Denver. Steep about low. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Date. Mieroseisms. Barometer in mn.. High and Low ana-. Gradients. 1908. Feb. 20 Fairly strong, 10/t. . . . Nearly constant, 754 .... Low, 29"5, St. John ; high, 3d 5. Vicksburg. Low, 29"4, St. Johns: Fairly steep. „ 21 Strong, 13^ Rises 3 mm. to 756 Fairly steep. high, 30 4, Montgomery. „ 22 Well marked, decreas- ing, 9,u. Nearly constant, 7'!.. Low, 29 7. mouth St. Law- rence ; high, 30'4, Gal- veston. Fairly steep. Mar. 6 Fairly strung, de- Rapid fall, IS mm. to 741 Low, 2fl'2, Wisconsin; high, Very steep. nrasi after i(i p.m., midnight, then rise to 30 3, Boston. ll/i. 749. u 10 Fairly strong, de- creasing, 9/i. Rapid fall, IS mm., to 753 Low, 29'4, St. Johns; high, 30'7, Cincinnati. Wry steep in Gulf. „ 25 Marked,decr. Falling 15 mm., with Low, 29-6, St. J.ihns : Fairly steep. 7 p.m., 8/i. many fluctuations to 751. Gradually falls, 10 mm., high, 30 3, Ottawa. ,. 30 Small, 5/i Low, 295, off Sable Island; Fairly steep. to 756. high, 30 4, Philadelphia. „ 31 Small, strongest dur- ing night. Rises, 8 mm., to 764. Low, 298, off St. Johns: another, 29-9, Detroit ; high, 30'3 off Nantucket. Fairly steep. In connection with the relationship that may exist between mieroseisms on the one hand and the statical and dynamical conditions of the atmosphere on the other, the following table has been compiled. In it are given all the well-marked or strong mieroseisms and all.the strong winds and gales predicted at 8 a.m. for the Ottawa and Upper St. Lawrence valleys for the respective day, including the period July 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908, so that at a glance we can see whether more or less strong mieroseisms were accompanied by strong winds or gales, and on the other hand whether strong or high winds produced marked mieroseisms. As the observatory is not yet supplied with an anemometer and pressure gauge for comparison of the dynamical conditions, we are at present dependent upon the daily forecast as given below : — REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a The maximum (double) absolute amplitude or range is expressed in microns. Date. 1907. July 2. „ 26. ■■ 27. ii 29. ,i 30. „ 31. Aug. 2. „ 21. ii 31. Sep. 12. " 13. „ 14. ,. 18. „ 19. .. 20 ii 24. „ 25. 28. 30 1. 2. 3. 4. 7. 8. 9. L6. 17. is 19. 20. 21. 22. 23 . 24. 25 20. 27. 29 30 31. 4. 6. 7. Microseisms. Oct. Present, not as strong as yesterday . Small Slight Very minute Very strong, 25m Well-marked, 12/* Nov. Quiescent Very slight ii become more marked . Slight, increase to Sm Marked, decreasing 11m Marked 13m Quiescent Marked Very faintest "Sawtooth " type Well marked 13m . 8m- ii Iom 9M 13m Small ... Well-marked 13m Slight, increase to 16m. Slight ii , increase to 7m 10m Well-marked Strong Very strong „ 9. ., 21 „ 25. ,, 29. i, 30. Dec. 2. ., 5. „ 6. .. 7. „ 9 „ 10 „ 11 n 13 14 17 20. 23 24 . 12m 21m 25m 21m llM 17m 12m 8m 14m 12m Well-marked 9m Slight, increase to 16m Slight, increase after 5 p.m. to9a.m.2lM 18m 10m 8^ Fairly strong Strong Fairly strong Well-marked Fairly strong ; Strong Fairly strong Maiked Small, very weak . Very marked Very strong Marked 17m.-.. 25m ... . 14m.... 17m-.- ■ Becoming very strong 21m • Very marked 17m ... • Strong till midnight 12m ■•■ Almost quiescent Very slight Fairly quiescent till 6 p.m., crease by 6 a.m. to 12m. . . . Less strong than yesterday... Fairly strong Slight Not strong Fairly strong 11m 13m then in Forecast for day. Strong northwesterly winds. High Strong westerly .. Thunderstorms. Westerly winds. Fresh to strong southerly winds, shifting ti> west. Strong southerly winds, shifting to west and northwest. Light to moderate winds. Fresh to strong west to northwest. Light to moderate winds. Fresh to strong northeasterly to easterly winds. Easterly to southerly winds. Winds increasing to strong breezes and gales S. to W. Strong winds and gales south, shifting to \V. and N. W. Strong winds and gales west to northwest. Strong winds and gales east to northeast. Fresh to strong west to northwesterly winds. No forecast for winds. Fresh to strong northwesterly to westerly winds. Fresh winds. Northwesterly gales. Showery, high winds to-night. Southwesterly winds. .i M increasing to galea. Strong northwesterly winds. Moderate winds. Moderate westerly winds. Strong southwesterly winds. ii northwesterly winds. Westerly and southwesterly winds. Strong westerly and northwesterly winds. Moderate winds. Strong northerly winds. Northerly winds. No chart. Westerly winds. Northeasterly winds. Northwesterly and westerly gales. Strong westerly winds. High southwesterly winds. ii south and southwesterly winds. Northeasterly winds. Strong northerly winds. Easterly winds. Fresh northerly to westerly winds. Westerly winds. Moderate to fresh southerly to southwesterly winds. Moderate southwesterly to southerly winds. Winds increasing to strong breezes, gales E. and S. Strong winds and gales W. to N. Fresh to strong northerly to northwesterly winds. No forecast for wind. Northeasterly to northerly gales. No forecast for wind. Fresh to strong southerly winds. Strong winds. No forecast for wind. 30 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Date. 1907. Dec. 27. „ 30. ,. 31. 1908. Jan. Feb. Mar. Microseisms. Forecast for dav. Not strong Strong southerly and southwesterly winds. Small Strong winds and gales shifting to W. and N.W. Strong 17m Fresh to strong westerly to southwesterly winds. Begin strong and then diminish. . . Almost quiescent Strong, increase to midnight 17/*. Fairly strong 9/i Increase to midnight 8/i Weak Slight Marked Strong 15/i Well-marked, decreasing. Small 8/i Increase after 6 p.m. 1 l/i. 9/x Strong 13/i Practically none Weak Small, increasing 9/c. . . . Well-marked 11/*.... Very minute Fairly strong 10/t . . . . Strong 13/t Well-marked, decreasing Practically none Very minute Very alight Fairly strong, decrease after 6 p.m. Fairly Btrong, decreasing 9/i Slight Very slight Practically none Small Marked Small 11M No forecast for wind. Strong southwesterly winds. No forecast for wind. Westerly winds. Strong winds. 'Strong northwesterly winds. High Northerly winds, decidedly cold. No forecast for wind. Strong westerly to northwesterly winds. Strong winds and gales eastern quadrant, shifting to W. and N. W. No forecast for wind. Strong winds and gales, E. to S. ii ii shifting to W. and X. Strong winds and gales, N.E. to N.W. No forecast for wind. Strong easterly to northeasterly winds. Fresh northwesterly to southwesterly winds. Fresh to strong southwesterly to westerly winds. No forecast for wind. Fresh to strong winds. Strong winds, shifting to N. and N.W. Strong northeasterly winds. High southeasterly winds. Moderate westerly winds. Fresh to strong southwesterly w inds. Strong southerly winds. Strong northwesterly winds. Xo forecast for winds. Strong northwesterly winds. It may be stated at the outset before discussing the preceding data that there is never a day in the year on which some trace of microseisms can not be seen on a seismogram from a Bosm photographic seismograph. It is all a matter of degree. That microseisms should be ever present is but natural, for the earth is in a continual state of stress and strain ; many varied and different causes con- tributing thereto. The term microseisms as here used excludes any deviations of the vertical or movements of the zero position of the pendulum. Some writers have divided microseisms into ' earth tremors ' or ' pulsations,' and ' earth pulsations ' or ' pulsatory oscillations.' The writer, however, from the seismograms at this station sees no reason for this division, as it is not at all evident from them that the contributory causes, whatever they may be, manifest themselves in such a manner as clearly to differentiate themselves. Furthermore, from the examination of the seismograms the oscillations of the pendulum are excluded, on the one hand, from the frequent change of period on the same seismogram, which would be inad- missible for a pendulum, and on the other hand, if the pendulum were made to oscillate we should expect to see the damping effect in the decrease of amplitude, and a more or less sudden beginning, unless the oscillations of the earth particles them- REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a selves were of a period commensurable with that of the pendulum, which, of course, i9 sometimes the case. It is evident that a photographic registering apparatus with high magnification will record microseisms when a seismograph with mechanical registration will draw only a straight line. Of the contributory causes to stresses and strains and manifesting themselves as microseisms, we may consider: secular cooling of the earth; unequal heating and radiation during the day and night; statical effect of atmospheric pressure, areal or local; dynamical effect of atmospheric pressure, areal or local; precipitation, as rain or snow. The vanishingly small effect of secular cooling, whatever its constants may be, becomes evident from the fact, that although it is ever present and its manifestations would be of a constant nature, the recorded microseisms are of the most fluctuating character both in time and magnitude, completely masking the effect of secular cooling. The daily alternations of unequal heating and radiation during the 24 hours are not shown by their effect on microseisms. The case of precipitation is similar in regard to microseisms to the preceding. It may be noted that the stresses set up over large areas, hundreds of miles in extent, by differential loading of rain is small compared with that of barometric pressure. Taking an area say of a 1,000 miles with a rain-fall of an inch, which is a pretty heavy rain, and decreasingly distributed, we would have a maximum pressure of a little over one thirtieth of a pound per square inch, and the rain pressure diminishing to zero for the edge of the area. An average barometric gradient, on the other hand, over such an area would be several times as great, due to a differential atmospheric pressure equivalent to about three-tenths of an inch of the mercurial barometer. The rain-pressure may make itself, however, felt locally, as has been observed. The result of a heavy rain-fall soon fills the valleys and streams much beyond the direct precipitation on them, so that this loading and bending of the surface may become a measurable quantity by an observing station in the neighbourhood. This effect is, however, one of tilting, of change of vertical or change of pendulum zero and not of microseisms, the subject at the moment under discussion The effect of difference of atmospheric pressure and of change of atmospheric pressure may be manifested in two ways by the seismograph. We are here dealing with large areas, say 1,000 miles in extent, for 'local barometric conditions have little or nothing in common with microseisms. In the one case, considering the earth as having an elastic crust, the" pier is tilted towards the area of greatest pressure, in consequence of which the pendulum will move in that direction, i.e., its zero line will be displaced. Besides this effect of statical loading, there appears to be no doubt, based on the records here, that vibrations are set up by this statical loading, quite apart from the dynamical effect of change of pressure. In the other case, by change of pressure over a wide area vibrations are set up on the earth's surface, and these may be produced by two causes from the one phenomenon. The one of these is the passage of Highs and Lows over the surface, equivalent to the dragging of a weighted meniscus over the surface; and the other is the winds set up or resulting from the atmospheric gradient due to difference of pressure. The action of the winds would be most likely from frictional resistance along the surface of the earth rather than from impact on unevenness of surface or obstructions. In studying various phenomena collectively in an investigation for co-relationship, considerable restraint must be exercised not to draw conclusions as to cause and effect from a limited number of coincidences. For a conclusion once drawn is apt to become an obsession to the investigator, and he is more or less blinded to facts that do not fit his theory. In examining the record of microseisms the first question that presents itself is whether the recorded motion is that of the ground or of the pendulum, in the first case the pendulum acts as a steady mass or point, while in the latter case it is set oscillating either by impulses from the ground or by an undulatory movement of the ground. Let us consider the case of microseismic records of the ' sawtooth ' type, where we see 32 DEPARTMENT OF THE 1XTERI0R 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 regular and almost wholly uniform oscillations kept up for hours and longer. If in this case the pendulum actually oscillates it will do so with the period inherent to it. After receiving the first impulse or impact let us suppose it to oscillate, if no further impact were received the oscillations would soon die out and the amplitudes would decrease in the given ratio of the damping co-efficient. When a second impulse is given the pendulum will continue its uniform swings, provided the time interval from the preceding impulse is that of the period of the pendulum or a multiple thereof. Is this not the case, then we will have interference and this would be shown on the record. But such interference is not present in our supposed diagram, hence we must conclude that even if we admit that the diagram is a record of the oscillations of the pendulum, we see that in reality it is only a counterpart of the actual movements of the ground, that is of horizontal to and fro motions of the earth particles. If the pendulum is kept swinging uniformly it can only be done so by some force acting at intervals of the period of the pendulum. As indicated, this may be done by the periodic oscillating movements of the earth particles; or the same effect may be produced by rhythmic undulatory movements of the ground. Now, the period of microseisms recorded here lies mostly between 5 and 6 seconds, which it may be remarked is also approximately the period of the two pendulums, and the period of the undulatory movements mani- fested in the ' principal portion ' of tectonic earthquakes is 20 seconds or more, so that for microseisms we find the period only about one-quarter of the preceding, provided we admit that the record of the microseisms is due to undulatory motion and not to horizontal movements. The shorter period might perhaps be assigned to a far thinner part of the crust of the earth being affected in the microseisms than is involved in the undulatory motion connected with microseisms. As an analogy we may give the short period of the ripples in water from a breeze, or the much longer one of waves from a storm when a greater depth of water is involved in the motion. A priori reasoning does not appear to furnish a conclusive reply to the question whether the microseisms are attributable to the horizontal or to the undulatory move- ments. However, from the consideration of the simultaneous occurrence of micro- seisms together with certain atmospheric or barometric conditions lead to the con- clusion that microseisms are mostly attributable to horizontal displacements. Having made daily comparisons with the seismograms, local barograms and weather maps, the following conclusions have been deduced. It is believed that identical atmospheric conditions prevailing over different parts of the earth's surface will not necessarily produce similar microseisms as these are affected by the elasticity of the particular area under consideration, also by the geological formation, the presence of well-marked dykes and faults, and by the proximity of large sheets of water, the ocean. One effect of the proximity of the ocean caused by barometric pressure is the change of the level of the water, quite apart from the tides, and this change through loading or unloading along the coast produces a displacement of the pendulum zero, referred to in another place. In the sea then, we have the dual effect of the direct barometric pressure and the correlated one of displacement of the water, while on land we have only the former. The feature to strike one most in the above comparisons is that when marked microseisms are present we are almost certain to find in the morning of the day of record for the following 24 hours an area of Low about the Gulf of St. Lawrence. That is, the condition of Low in the gulf precedes the record of marked microseisms. The greater part of the gulf is less than 150 fathoms deep. Through it runs a deep from the mouth of the St. Lawrence (Matane), along the south of Anticosti, passing between Cape Breton and Newfoundland reaching a depth of 250 fathoms before joining the Atlantic ocean. This deep is over the eastern part of the Great St. Lawrence and Champlain Fault, shown on the geological maps, for nearly 700 miles. The waters about Nova Scotia and Newfoundland are all within the 150-fathom line, so that the Lows over the gulf and Sable island are over waters the greater part of REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a which is less than 150 fathoms deep. The distance from Ottawa to the gulf is about 700 miles, direction east-north-east; and from Ottawa to the nearest broad waters of the Atlantic, off the State of Maine, 300 miles, direction east-south-east. Next to the presence of a Low in the gulf co-incident with microseisms we find the isobars to cut the valley of the St. Lawrence (in which lies the great fault) at right angles, that is, the gradient is along the St. Lawrence valley, which is in general parallel to the Atlantic coast, and to the line of the Alleghany mountains. Furthermore, it is found that if a High prevails along the South Atlantic coast, northward from Florida the microseisms are intensified. The passing of Highs or Lows across the coast-line, i.e., from land to water is not found to be marked by the occurrence of microseisms. As the whole atmospheric movement is for Canada and the United States from west to east, it is uncommon for a High or Low to cross the coast line from the Atlantic to the continent. It appears that the reversal of the position of Low and High with reference to the gulf for the former is not so closely associated with the subsequent appearance of microseisms as obtains in the case first stated. When there is a persistence of Low in the gulf and High on the Atlantic coast to the south as indicated, the microseisms set up in the first instance become intensified in amplitude, so that the maximum microseisms are not necessarily co-incident with the greatest difference of pressure. It appears that the difference of barometric pressure is in the first instance responsible for the microseisms, and when favourable conditions continue the microseisms will increase in amplitude, although the pressure difference may have decreased. Furthermore, another condition is that the line of High-Low preserves its direction along the St. Lawrence valley. When a Low with even very steep gradients is to the west, say over the lakes, and High over the Lower St. Lawrence or gulf, microseisms are generally weak or even absent altogether, although there are exceptions. This is not the case when the Low is to the east, especially when over the gulf. When the Low with steep gradients moves up to Lake Erie by 8 a.m. of the day of the seismogram we may expect to see the beginning of marked microseisms, which increase as the Low moves down the St. Lawrence towards the gulf. From the immediately preceding it is seen that the microseisms give no indication of the approach of a Low or storm centre, but on the contrary are the result of the passage of a Low, and especially of its presence in the gulf. Some investigators believe and are in hope the microseisms may be the fore- runner of coming weather conditions, and hence may assist in making forecasts. The seismograms examined here are not very encouraging on that point, the microseisms indicating rather ' that we have had weather, than that we are going to have weather.' This prognostication refers to the microseisms and not to the effect of bending, or displacement of the pendulum zero, brought about by unequal pressure over a large area. The writer is not as yet prepared to say whether the approach of a Low, with the consequent lifting or rising of the earth's surface, is a distinctly measurable quantity as registered by our seismograph, for the measurements of the two com- ponents of the change of pendulum zero for the year have not yet been tabulated and critically compared with the movements of Highs and Lows in the eastern part of the continent. In connection with the bending of the earth's crust due to difference of atmospheric pressure, reference may be made to two exceptionally marked results obtained by Professor Omori. The conditions prevailing were undoubtedly unusual, and the angular values obtained so large, that one would be led to conclude that under ordinary atmospheric conditions, i.e., of barometric difference, the tiltometer would always respond to a degree that was readily measurable. Of this fact, however, the text, in the references given below, says nothing. In No. 21 of the Publications of the Earthquake Investigation Committee in Foreign Languages is given the record, with its interpretation, of a horizontal 34 DEPARTMENT OF Till: l\Ti:h'loi; 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 19C9 pendulum at Tokyo during a storm, October 10-11, 1904. The weather chart which accompanies the paper shows that a Low (750mm) prevailed and moved along the east coast of Japan past Tokyo. This Low had a gradient for Tokyo of 10mm in about 220km. This is an excessively steep gradient. Elsewhere it has already been stated that a gradient of one-tenth inch for 150 miles is a pretty steep gradient; it will be seen then that the former is fully four times as great as the latter. The tilting diagram shows the movement of the Low very well, and from the constants of the pendulum. the angular motion or tilting, is found to be 3"-5, a very large quantity. As the Low- was east of Tokyo, the natural inference would be that the pendulum would swirg to t! e west towards the High, which depresses the surface of the earth, but the opposite was found to be the case. On this interesting and important point Omori says : ' The explanation of this apparently anomalous phenomenon is probably to be found in the accumulation of sea waters under the low pressure centre to a degree greater than the amount of the diminution of the atmospheric pressure, thereby creating an increase in the resultant pressure at sea bottom.' In interpreting the above phenomenon it seems necessary to consider the effect of the hydrographic features and coast line, for statically considered the difference of barometric pressure over the ocean raises the water under low pressure to a height equal to the difference between the High and Low, to produce hydrostatic equilibrium. However, when the Low is along or near the coast and the waters from the ocean flow from the High towards the Low, then there may be and probably is a piling up of waters along the coast due to configuration, which would not be the case on the broad ocean. In the comments on Mr. Denison's paper, the dual effect of difference of atmospheric pressure over the ocean has been pointed out, and Professor Omovi's observations show it so glaringly. The other case is the record obtained at Mito (Japan) during a storm 22-24 March, 1907, given in ' Bulletin of the Imperial Earthquake Investigation Committee.' Vol. II., No. 1. The atmospheric conditions were similar but not identical. The gradient in this case was 10mm in about 400km, and furthermore two Lows moved simultaneously northeasterly along the Japanese islands, one on each side, thereby materially changing the direction of the gradient and of the direction of tilting as well as of its progressive movement. From the constants given, the instrument used seems to have been identical with the one used at Tokyo. The tilting recorded at Mito was 3" -7, a little higher than at Tokyo, although the atmospheric condition, were seemingly somewhat less favourable. An additional record of interest in this case is the mareogram for the time of the storm. From it is seen that the effect of the Low is to raise the water 75cm or two and a half feet ' higher than the level according to the usual tide movement.' The direction of the tilting with reference to the position of the Low was similar to the case of Tokyo; Omori saying: 'The passage of the centre of the cyclone producing, as in the case of the storm on October 10-11, 1904, not an elevation but the depression of the ground. This is probably due to the fact that the deep barometric cyclone was accompanied, or rather followed, 1 y an increase of the height of sea water, to an amount greater than the equivalent of the barometric fall.' We see then from these two cited cases that the secondary effect of difference of atmospheric pressure for coastal stations may completely mask, in fact reverse, the direct pressure effect upon the earth's surface produced by an atmospheric gradient. These eases seem to make it clear that the direct gravity effect producd by the cumulat- ing waters is very much greater than that of the difference of atmospheric pressure, and is of opposite sign. It is found that, broadly speaking, the microseisms are more numerous during the colder season than during the warmer one, and some have sought therein a relationship of cause and effect. In our climate here we have a large range of temperature ; during REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a the past year of 127° F. (96° and — 31°). During February when the thermometer reach d its lowest and we had some continuously very cold weather the seismograph showed no evidence thereof. The connection is assumed to be from the fact that the frozen ground on the one hand lends itself for the better transmission of pulsations, and the other that the act of freezing itself sets up stresses and consequent oscillations that manifest themselves as microseisms. From extreme cold it does not necessarily follow that the ground is frozen to any great depth, as was the case during the past winter. The reason that there was very little frost in the ground, was that an early and heavy snowfall together with its subsequent accumulation to many feet, covered the earth with a mantle that the cold could not penetrate. By far the large majority of microseisms show themselves by a serrated record, 'sawtooth' type as I designate them; more rarely are those of the 'spindle' type, where the oscillations or rather the amplitudes rise and fall, increase and decrease, with a certain cadence, as in the oscillations of a string between two fixed points. The interval between these maximum amplitudes is very variable, varying from one to several minutes. The rate of increase and decrease of the amplitudes is less than that produced by the damping of the pendulum, so that we can scarcely attribute it to the latter on the supposition that the pendulum itself is set in motion and the oscillation dies down by damping, ihe former to be renewed by a fresh impulse. The latter, however, would preclude a gentle increase, but instead would show a more or less abrupt beginning, which is not the case. Intermittent rhythmic vibrations of the ground, synchronizing with the period of the pendulum, setting the pendulum in motion could produce the phenomenon. Other suggestions might be made, but none seems satisfactory to explain the more or less rhythmic fluctuations in amplitude as shown on Plate 1. The validity of a supposed relationship between different phenomena, as cause and effect, is readily tried by predicting the effect when given the cause. This has been done with reference to the existence of a Low in the gulf and a High over the Atlantic coast to the south, or in general by taking the daily Weather Map with its isobars and from them predicting the resulting microseisms. The result has in so far been satisfactory that in the large majority of cases the microseisms have fairly well answered in presence and magnitude the prediction. There are, however, still important outstanding differences that require further explanation. Just why the Low about the gulf should have such an influence in the production of microseisms is by no means apparent. The two main physical features are the shallow gulf and the St. Lawrence valley in which lies the Great St. Lawrence and Champlain Fault 700 miles long, already referred to. As secondary, is the general trend of the Atlantic coast, and possibly that too of the Alleghany mountains. On infrequent occasions there is a Low over the gulf, another Low over Arkansas, while one High rests north of Lake Superior and another over Bermuda. When those conditions obtain with steep gradients we are pretty sure to have marked microseisms. The line of the Lows then lies in the St. Lawrence valley, while that of the Highs is at right angles to the former. In this case the maximum strain is along the valley of the St. Lawrence, along the Great Fault, so that from a priori reasoning marked micro- seisms might be expected. In concluding this preliminary investigation of the well-marked microseisms recorded here, we will repeat that the presence of a Low over the gulf surrounded by steep or fairly steep gradients on a given morning is indicative of more or less well- marked microseisms following at Ottawa that day. It has already been stated that the large majority of microseisms have a period of about 6s with small fluctuations. Why the fluctuations, is by no means apparent, unless it be the varying depth of the earth's surface involved. Even this supposition is not quite satisfactory; for all impulses, vibrations of whatsoever nature must pass 36 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 through the pier on which the instrument rests before being recorded, and the pier itself must have its own inherent and constant period. On occasions the above common period changes to one of about one-half, or about 3', showing, however, a transition time during which there is an irregularity and interference, so that the period is unrecognizable. At present no explanation can be offered for this sudden change. When the period is so short, the amplitudes are very minute, although visible to the naked eye. From the preceding tabulation it will be observed that the strongest and most numerous microseisms were recorded during the month of October, and the fewest and weakest during the summer months of July and August when the atmospheric barometric gradients were very long. Coming now to the next table in which the days for all the well-marked microseisms and for all the strong winds forecast are given, we find that of these 100 days between July 1, 1907, and March 31, 1908, there were only 18 coincidences of such microseisms and such winds. It must be remembered, as already noted, that the winds are those of the forecasts and not recorded ones, as at present the observatory is not provided with the necessary meteorological instruments. However, the probability of the forecasts is and has been high for years. On these data and conditions we are led to infer that strong winds have little effect in causing microseisms by setting up pulsations over large areas of the earth's surface or crust, i.e., the dynamical effect by friction or impact is not the governing factor in the production of microseisms. We are dealing here with the larger effect of strong winds upon large areas and not the local effect upon buildings, which as is well known are set in oscillation, and these in turn are communicated to the ground. When the building within which the seismograph is housed is large, the oscillations of the former will be recorded. We have in the period, July 2 — March 26, one hundred days during which 51 marked or well-marked microseisms are recorded, and 36 strong winds are predicted. Con- sidering the two phenomena as independent events we see that the probability of the simultaneous occurrence of the two events is as great as the actual happening, i.e., as far as the observations go there is very little to show any causal relationship between the two. I attended the first general meeting of the International Seismological Associa- tion and the second meeting of the Permanent Commission held at the Hague, September 21— September 26, 1907. There are now 21 countries — Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Congo States, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Boumania, Russia, Servia, Spain, Switzerland and the United States — represented in the association. The meeting took place under the patronage of the government of the Netherlands and many courtesies were extended that were highly appreciated by the members. There were some fifty seismologists, including the leading seismologists of the world, who attended the conference. The meetings were to have been held in the Bitterzaal, but as those quarters were still occupied by the Peace Conference, the government assigned the Diligentia for the conference. Professor Van der Stok, vice-president of the association, and his assistants made all the arrangements, and they were indefatigable in their endeavours to make the visit of the members as pleasant as possible, in which they were highly successful. A cloudless sky during the whole session added not a little to the enjoyment. The meetings opened by a two days session of the permanent commission under the presidency of Professor Luigi Palazzo, Director of the Central Meteorological and Geodynamic Bureau at Borne, who delivered his presidential address in French. During the session the usual routine business pertaining to reports and finances of the association was disposed of. It has long been felt that there should be a material increase in the number of seismological recording stations and to this end a cheap yet suitable and satisfactory REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a instrument was desired. To secure the latter, instrument makers had been invited to submit working apparatus and the cost was limited to 300 marks, about 75 dollars. This limit was subsequently considered, and rightly so, too low. A number of instru- ments were submitted for examination, and a committee was appointed, including the writer, to report on their efficiency. The committee, however, on due examination and deliberation recommended that a satisfactory test could only be made by setting up the instruments at a station and let them do actual work, recording seisms of various kinds, for a considerable length of time before a conclusive report could be made as to their suitability. This recommendation was adopted and the instruments will be set up at the Central Bureau at Strassburg under the supervision of Director Gerland and Professor Rudolph. The association being a new organization, its work is not yet differentiated and so ordered as obtains in older societies. At the present time there are two points particularly, that strike the writer as being important for the study of earthquakes and the geophysical questions involved, which should receive immediate attention. The first point is, and one involving little expense, if any, that the Central Bureau at Strassburg should through the press publish in brief the occurrence of every large (teGtonic) earthquake. If the reading and interpretation of a seismogram were as simple and easy as that of a chronograph sheet for transits, then there would be little object for the above desired information. Such, however, not being the case, the reading of a seismogram can very often only be effected satisfactorily by comparison with another or others. Earth tremors or microseisms sometimes mask the arrival of the first preliminary tremors so that not even an approximate estimate can be made of the distance to the epicentre or disturbed area. The first question that presents itself to the reader of the seismogram as well as to the public is, where was the earth- quake? The answer to this question would be materially enhanced in value were the information referred to made available. It may be noted too that each comparison between the record of the Central Bureau and one's own will assist towards the independent reading or interpretation of every following seismogram. The other point involves some expense, no doubt. It pertains to the rapid repro- duction and distribution of seismograms from stations where efficient seismographs are installed and above all, where a very accurate time scale is recorded. This last condition is absolutely essential if the seismogram is to be of any use in studying the geophysical problems involved in an earthquake record. It is almost futile to attempt the solution of the many seismic questions presented by the study of one's own seismogram only. We have the same phenomenon, waves of different kinds supposedly, emanating from the same source, sending their pulsations along paths yet not well known, to every part of the earth to be recorded, and now the problem becomes to trace these pulsations, tell us their nature, the medium or mediums through which they have passed, and their properly differentiated velocities. The most expeditious method would seem to be that those stations which are provided with efficient seismo- graphs and with an accurate time scale immediately interchange copies of the record of a tectonic earthquake also giving the instrumental constants involved. The repro- duction of the seismograms of the various stations by the Central Bureau, as was done for the Valparaiso and North Pacific quakes, is rather expensive and involves too much time. Only by such means can we hope to successfully attack the problems of seismology. The general meeting was opened on Tuesday by His Excellency, Mr. Fock, the Minister of Colonies, who in the name of Queen Wilhelmina extended a welcome to the members. After a suitable reply by the president, the meeting proceeded to business, and continued in session for the following two days. German and French were the prevailing languages at the meetings; Professor Omori of Japan and the writer were the only ones to address the congress in English. 38 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 The following is a list of the papers presented: — Lagrange. — A propos des Mistpoeffers de la mer du Nord. Rosenthal. — Sur le catalogue mieroseismique de l'annee 190-1. Rudolph. — Comment faut-il analyser les sismograrnmes ? Oddone.— Discussion statistique du grand catalogue des tremblements de terre connu, survenus dans l'annee 1901. Rudolph. — Sur la publication de sismograrnmes du 16-17 aout 1906. Mainka. — Uber die neueren Arbeiten im Strassburger Observatorium. Lagrange. — Mouvement elastiques du sol de la station de Quenast. Goultieff. — Presentations des sismograrnmes. Prince B. Galitzin. — Seismometrische Studien. J. Mihailowitsch. — Tiber die Organisation des seismischen Dienstes in Serbien. Rosenthal— Remarques sur la propagation des ondes sismiques longues. Agamennone. — L'eau, cause indireete des tremblements de terre. Omori. — On San Francisco, Formosa & Indian earthquakes. Wiechert. — Die Verwendungen der Erdbebenregistrierungen zur Bestimmung der Beschaffenheit des Erdinnern. The important question of cataloguing earthquakes, after some discussion was referred to a committee to report thereon. The question may be viewed from different standpoints, and the conclusions arrived at will accordingly differ. To the geophysicist who is particularly interested in the propagation and nature of seismic waves as dependent upon the interior of the earth, it is essential that all the tectonic or world- shaking earthquakes be tabulated for the principal or all the observing stations in the world, giving the data — first preliminary tremors; second preliminary tremors; principal portion ; and duration — similar to those given under ' Liste A, Hauptbeben.' in the catalogue of the registered seismic disturbances for the year 1904, and issued by the International Seismological Association. With such data at hand each investigator can utilize them independently. The occurrence or registration of minor or local quakes are of little, or at least less, importance to him. It seems, therefore, highly desirable that these severe earthquakes be catalogued, and chronologically. For studying the seismicity of the earth's surface, which would include the record of all felt earthquakes, the regional collation of the seisms represented graphically, somewhat on the lines of Montessus' ' Tremblements de Terre,' would probably give one a better grasp of the subject than a numerical tabulation chronological or regional. The graphic representation has the advantage too that in the chart or map the orographic features may be shown, and the relationship between the former and latter established or indicated. The new science of seismology is developing so rapidly that it is desirable to publish annually a bibliography on the subject, and a committee with that end in view was appointed. The conference was closed by the government providing a visit to the observatory at Leyden and an excursion over the network of canals. To many the most interesting part of the well-equipped observatory is its historical exhibit, — the clock, the quadrant, the mural circle and other instruments of the great Huyghens. The clock is still kept going, being one of the first pendulum clocks constructed, as Huyghens was the first to apply the pendulum to clocks (1656), although Galileo had anticipated (1641) the idea. It is provided with cycloidal cheeks, a theoretical consideration for isochron- oism, but now abandoned in clocks. The chartered steamer for the round trip to Braasemer Meer was in holiday attire. The greater part of the district passed over is some seven metres (23 feet) beneath the level of the sea ; and the canal on which we were, was considerably higher than the meadows adjoining, on which the black and white cattle were grazing. The Braasemer Meer is the remains of the former Haarlemer Meer which has been reclaimed by pumping. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a The net result of this conference, in fact of any conference of scientific men, is not the reading of scientific papers, for as a rule there is no time for their discussion, and this is or would be the important feature, but in the personal contact and acquaintance of men labouring in the same field. One learns to appreciate more the work of others, and besides obtains a proper perspective of his own endeavours. As a matter of fact there, is probably more benefit derived outside of the regular meetings, than at the sessions. At luncheons, at dinners, at social gatherings in the evening, — at such occasions questions are discussed, points elucidated, and information riveted that no reading or a formal address can give. The manifestation was general that the first meeting of the International Seismological Association was an undoubted success and augured well for the future. After leaving the Hague various scientific institutions and observatories were visited, and much valuable information was gathered in the various branches or fields of our own work. The first place visited was the earthquake station at Hamburg. The building with its splendid equipment, the time-service being particularly complete, is due to the generosity of a private citizen and scientist, Dr E. Schiitt. To be noted first is that beneath the two instrument rooms are two massive concrete blocks about 26 x 11 feet, and 6i feet deep, the bottom thereof being 22 feet beneath the surface and resting on marl. A 12-ineh air-space separates the blocks from the walls of the building, and the top of the blocks is some four feet beneath the floor of the instrument room. The merit of the blocks is the greater stability, as well as the convenience of requiring to build only small piers resting on it for any other instruments that may be installed at a future time; otherwise it would be necessary to tear up the floor for getting the necessary foundation. This idea of having large cement blocks, deeply imbedded, as a huge pillar on which many small piers may be erected, I found applied at other institutions, and the writer considers it a very advantageous arrangement. The earthquake equipment consists essentially of a Wiechert astatic 1,000 kilogram pendulum seismometer with two components, air damping and 200 magnification, and of a Hecker horizontal pendulum. The time service was installed according to the design of Eiefler of Munich. From the depth of the foundations and piers, together with lack of proper drainage at that depth there is an accumulation of moisture which in spite of the free use of chloride of lime, ranges between 70 to 80 per cent, that is, the relative humidity is that amount. This circumstance seems rather common from my observation at earthquake stations. Weekly and monthly bulletins are issued by this station. This efficient and complete institution is solely for earthquakes and is not an appendage to a larger one. The next place visited was the Geodetic Institute at Potsdam, where I discussed gravity work with Prof. Helmert and Dr. Borass, the former expressed the desirability of Canada carrying a series of pendulum observations across the continent from New- foundland to the Pacific. Their new pendulum apparatus (half -seconds) is a frame carrying four pendulums, the object being to have them at the same temperature, and the chamber which can be kept under constant pressure need not be opened till the four observations have been made, and then reversal made. By means of mirrors and prisms all four can be made to give an image in the flash apparatus with which the coincidences are noted similar to ours. The pendulums are at right angles to each other. The observations are made with a pendulum clock (used in field work) for flashing, and which serves too for the necessary time observations. Helmert considers chronometers inferior for pendulum work, and said that if observations of only an hour's duration for a swing are made, as theirs are, then the pendulum clock should be used. However, for observations of eight hour's duration the chronometers are satisfactory. The apparatus for gravity work on the high seas, as carried out by Professor Hecker between Lisbon and Rio Janerio and in the Pacific, was shown and explained. 25a— 5 40 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 It had long been recognized that theoretically it was possible to determine gravity at sea by the comparison of simultaneous readings of the mercurial barometer and of the temperature of boiling water. In the first case the atmospheric pressure is measured by the weight of the mercurial column of the barometer, which is generally expressed in height instead of by its weight. The observed height is not a true measure of the pressure, because it changes with the temperature of the mercury and with the variations in the value of gravity; this latter is the important feature here to be noted. In the second we have water heated in the free air, the elastic force of its vapour gradually increases, until it becomes equal to the overlying pressure of the atmosphere. Then, the pressure of the atmosphere being overcome, the steam escapes rapidly in large bubbles and the water boils. Thus the temperature at which water boils becomes a measure of the pressure of the atmospheric column above it. The difficulty in the application of these methods hitherto has been the accurate reading of the barometer at sea and the vicissitudes attendant upon the determination of the boiling point. This has in so far been overcome as to render fairly good and accordant results, in giving some definite information over areas where before only surmises prevailed. For the barometric determination five barometers are suspended in a case hung in gimbals and carrying the whole apparatus for recording. To minimize the effect of 'pumping' at sea, the middle of the barometer tube is very contracted. A single small lamp by means of mirrors throws the shadow of the mercury column on a photographic sheet wound on a small cylinder operated by clock-work; on the sheet too is recorded by a clock with electric circuit, a time scale. The barometers are thus self-registering, and the barogram is a serrated line, still due to some pumping. For measurement the mean is taken of these serrations for the time corresponding to the ' boiling ' of the thermometers. These latter are read visually to one thousandths of a degree centigrade, the graduations being to hundredths. I was informed that the accuracy of a gravity determination by this method is about one- tenth that by pendulum (on land). A horizontal pendulum seismograph, Hecker design, is installed too. In con- nection herewith an interesting statement was made by Helmert, that with such a pendulum at a depth of some 20 metres beneath the surface the effect of the attraction of the moon as well as of the sun was observed, the quantity being about two-thirds of the theoretical value, the other third being lost in the tide of the earth's crust itself. My next investigation was with reference to the means of measuring base lines. This is effected by an invar wire (not tape) l-8mm diameter, and 24 metres long, made by Guilliaume (or Charpentier) in Paris. The wire terminates at each end in a triangular piece of about 8cm length, and graduated on one edge, a continuation of the ' wire to millimetres which are read to tenths. The modus operandi of use is somewhat as follows : Along the base line say of 5 kilometres, pegs (about 2i inches square) are driven in alignment at 24m, a nail driven in the head, and levels taken of the pegs. At the end of the base line, stone monuments with suitable marks are supposed to be p'.aced. The measurements are made with the wire suspended over two tripods (each over a peg) and under a tension of 10 kilogramme weights, supported on two large tripods, one on each side of the other tripods. Experience shows that the readings, or rather the length of the wire between two tripods, will agree within two-tenths of a millimetre, and that base-lines can readily be measured with a probable error of a millionth of the length. The whole operation of setting up the tripods and taking measurements was carried out for me on the grounds, and I myself took readings and manipulated the tripods supporting the weights, to see with what ease the alignment can be made over the small hemispherical heads of the smaller tripods on which the scale of the wire rests. The method appealed to me for its ease and rapidity of execution. The measurement of a base-line can be made as rapidly as five men can set up (in advance) the tripods over the pegs. For temperature, little or no regard in handling, or exposure to sunshine or rain, is had, on account of the extremely small REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a co-efficient of expansion. However, the wire requires to be handled with care to prevent torsion or other deformation or damage, as it has its idiosyncrasies. It was noticed that when the wire was suspended and under the strain of 10 kgm., that the curve was not a true catenary, but was wavy, irregular however, as if bent. Guilliaume recommended in taking up the wire to allow it to assume its natural bent, which is to roll up like a spiral, and simply gather the coils. However, doing so, it was found that they become smaller and smaller, so that the wire is now wound on an aluminum drum, half a metre in diameter. About invar tapes, Helmert volunteered no opinion, simply as he said, because he had not used any. A brief visit was paid too on the same grounds to the Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory, where particularly the meteorological instruments were examined. These are practically all provided with electrical apparatus for recording. The following day was spent in a visit to Friedenau and Steglitz near Berlin at the workshops of Bamberg and Fuess, the former the maker of high-class surveying and geodetic instruments, the latter of a similar grade of meteorological instruments. Much valuable information was gathered at both establishments. The next place visited was Gottingen, where the Geophysical Institute under the direction of Professor Wiechert was inspected. The prominence the director has obtained in earthquake investigations, makes Gottingen an important station. The earthquake building is built into the hillside, and over the outer entrance is the significant inscription ' Feme Kunde bringt Dir der schwankende Fels, Deute die Zeichen.' Three seismographs were found installed, all of the Wiechert type, built by Spindler & Hoyer. One is a 1,000 kgm. horizontal pendulum, with two components E. W., N. S., one a 1,000 kgm. vertical pendulum, and a 17,000 kgm. (nearly 19 tons) horizontal one. It may be mentioned that the great weight (1,000 kgm.) of these pendulums is necessitated by the magnification (200 for the 1,000 kgm. and 2,000 for the 17,000 kgm.) desired and from the fact that the registration is mechanical where friction has to be overcome, which, of course, is absent in the photographic apparatus. The chamber is excessively moist, apparently saturated, and many vessels of chloride of calcium are in use for absorbing the moisture. The roof or rather the ceiling is of cement with I irons. On these latter, by chains, hangs the wooden floor, so that walking about does not affect the pendulums. Atmospheric electricity, together with the electric discharges by rain form a particular line of observation and study here. In the absence of the director, various seismic phenomena were discussed with Professor Zoeppritz and Dr. Linke, recently returned from the earthquake station at Apia, Samoa. The workshops and establishment of Spindler and Hoyer were visited with profit; their specialty is earthquake instruments. At Strassburg, the central station for Germany, and the central bureau for the International Seismological Association, the various seismographs were examined. The Director is Professor G. Gerland, founder of the association; the active investigator is Professor Rudolph; Dr. Mainka has charge of the instruments; and several specialists are generally engaged here. The examinations of the various instruments and the discussion with the scientists there of the many questions involved in the reading and study of seismograms were of undoubted value to the writer. Amongst other things, the desirability and value of establishing a station at Dawson was pointed out to me. It must be admitted that the reasons that were advanced were valid, and it is to be hoped that at no distant day Canada may add such an important >tation as one on the Yukon would be, to the series encircling the world. During my stay in London a visit was paid to the earthquake station at Shide, Isle of Wight, where I met the veteran and eminent seismologist Professor John Milne. There are here two 100-pound pendulums, with mechanical registration, supported by the same iron column, and three with photographic registration. The time-record is hourly, making it thereby rather difficult to obtain very precise readings as regards time on the seismograms. The detached building for the photographic seismographs 25a— 5J 42 DEPAR1 UENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 is heated in the winter by means of a gas stove or jets, so that the seasonal fluctuation of temperature is confined within about 10° F. By an electrical device on one of the 100-pound pendulums an alarm is sounded when the amplitude becomes large, so that the observer is immediately informed of the occurrence, of a severe earthquake, a convenience which cannot be carried out with photographic registration. Milne says he notices more movement of the pendulum due to rain, loading of valleys by water, than to barometric pressure. In London the establishment of Negretti and Zambra was visited and the various types of meteoroh gical instruments examined in detail. So far no satisfactory device has yet been invented for recording snow-fall, and the apparatus having a float in water for registration is unsuited for our rigorous winter weather. The meteorological station at Camden Square was visited, also the central station and forecast office under Dr. W. N. Shaw, where I was particularly interested in the micro-barograph (20 magnification). It gives relative records of atmospheric pressure, not absolute ones. It is believed by the writer that by means of this instrument some of the pulsations, microseisms, that we find recorded on seismograms may be explained and their cause determined. The introduction of this instrument for the study of meteorological phenomena is yet new, so that its service and value are yet unknown. The large works of Troughton and Simms at Charlton were visited in connection with the large meridian-circle which they are building or have just built for our observatory, and I attended to its shipment. I next proceeded to the Physical Laboratory and Meteorological Station near Richmond, and was most cordially received by the director, Dr. Chree. Regarding anemographs of the Robinson and Dines types, it was learned that the former gave a good average velocity but did not show gusts, and the larger the cups the more would gusts be smoothed out on the records, i.e., the cups would be made to spin rapidly and continue to do so after the gust had ceased. In the Dines, however, which depends upon pressure, this would not be the case; on the other hand, as the Dines depends upon pressure and this varies as the square of the velocity, it is not well adapted for small velocities. Examining a Dines anemogram it showed the wind (pressure) to be very variable, changes of from 12 to 2 miles an hour occurring continually within say fifteen minutes. If one drew a smooth curve through these oscillations a fair counter- part of the record of the Robinson would be obtained. For temperature record an electrical thermograph. Callendar method, was considered the best. The writer drew attention to the unsatisfactory results obtained for relative humidity due to the non- accordance of the tables for reduction. It was admitted that the problem was a difficult one, and particularly for low temperatures not much reliance can be placed on the deduced humidity. The hair-hygrometer was considered to do fairly good relative work, but its zero is not reliable. The three hours spent at this institution were most fruitful. On the following day a brief visit was paid to the Solar Physics Observatory, South Kensington, and the larger problem of 'World Weather' discussed with Dr. W. J. S. Lockyer. It is a subject to which he has paid special attention. TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM. Durirjg the past season the observatory began systematic observations for terrestrial magnetism. Mr. Geo. White-Fraser, D.T.S., was the observer, assisted by Mr. J. W. Menzies. Observations before and after the season's work were made at the Magnetic Observatory at Agincourt, near Toronto. For comparison several stations were occupied where officers of the Carnegie Institution, Washington, had observed the preceding year. Besides Agincourt, 32 stations were occupied, their names and position being shown on the accompanying map as well as in the tabular statement of results. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTROXOUER 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a All the magnetic observations were made with a ' Tesdorpf ' No. 1977, to be described more fully hereafter. Observations for time and latitude were made with an 8-inch alt-azimuth. The following; instructions were issued to the observer : Until the arrival of the sidereal chronometer, the pendulum apparatus will not be used, and the observations will be confined to those of terrestrial magnetism. As a general guide, as far as applicable to the particular form of instrument (Tesdorpf), the 'Directions for Measurement of Terrestrial Magnetism ' given in Appendix 8, Report 1881. United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, will be followed. The records will be kept in their chronological order in a blank book, and in a manner similar to those in the above ' Directions.' It may be noted that for declinations it is desirable to obtain the diurnal varia- tion, for which purpose the observations should be begun before 7 a.m. and continued until the maximum reading has been reached and passed ; and observations again begun shortly after noon, and continued til] the minimum has been reached and passed. The mean between the east and west elongations will then be taken. Care must be exercised to remove the torsion of the fibre. Another observation will be taken at about 6 p.m., magnet erect and inverted for the declination. The magnetic station is to be tied in distance and azimuth to the astronomic station (pier) of the place, and the pier to the nearest established corner, preferably the intersection of the sides of two streets. In case observations are taken where there is no astronomic pier, then connection will be made with some established corner as indicated above. Azimuth of the reference object will generally be taken by the sun. However, if the sun is obscured and Polaris available at night, the latter may be used for azimuth. Latitude may be obtained with sufficient accuracy by meridian altitudes of the sun. In the description for each station it is desirable to note in a general way (in the blank book) the topographical features, the geological formation, nature of any rock exposures and such other information that may assist in interpreting both magnetic and pendulum observations. The height of the top of the astronomic pier above the nearest point of the railway will be determined, and the position of the point with reference to the railway station given. Care should be taken that there is no magnetic substance (knife, keys, buttons, watch, suspenders, steel wire in hat rim) about the person observing. Description of the Tesdorpf No. 1977. This type of magnetic instrument was constructed by Tesdorpf of Stuttgart, according to the designs of Eschenhagen. The instrument has been extensively used in Germany, and was used on the German South Polar Expedition in various capacities: during the sea-voyage for the determination of the constants of the ship's magnetic instruments ; at the winter stations for absolute measurements ; and on the sled excursions in the south polar region; in every case did it serve its purpose well. One of the particular merits which the Tesdorpf has attained is the care which is bestowed upon the selection of thoroughly non-magnetic material in the construction of the instrument. The Tesdorpf of the Dominion Astronomical Observatory consists of: — 1. Theodolite and Tripod — for the measurement of horizontal angles. 2. Declinatorium for pivot and fibre suspension. 3. Dip circle. 4. Magnetometer — for measuring horizontal intensity by means of deflections and oscillations — together with the intensity magnet. The parts 2, 3, 4 all fit snugly on the central part of the theodolite. In the following description of the various parts the designations by letter refer to plates 3 and 4. On the two plates the same part has the same letter assigned to it. 44 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 On Plate 3 we have a view of the whole apparatus, exclusive of tripod, and on Plate 4 a view of the magnetometer on a larger scale. The Theodolite. — It is mounted on a plate TJ , Plate 3, which in turn is secured to the tripod by means of a large milled-head screw, the latter serving also to hold the instrument firmly to a board in the packing box. The instrument is made of brass, bronze and magnalium. The limb is movable, is graduated to 2Cf spaces, the gradua- tion marks terminating in points, and is numbered to individual degrees. The diameter of the limb is 12 cm., and the reading is effected by two microscopes carrying each a ruling of 10 divisions covering two consecutive graduations on the limb, i.e., 20', so that the divisions of the microscope represent 2' and may be read readily by estimation to tenths, i.e., to fifths of a minute. As the theodolite must be used as a stand for the declinatoriuni, dip circle and magnetometer, the centre of it is free therefor. As the telescope 0 is mounted at the edge of the limb, a counterweight (not shown in plate) is attached at the opposite side. A circular level is mounted on one of the arms of the theodolite, and a striding level L is provided for the horizontal axis of the telescope. The telescope has a glass diaphragm attached to the tube of the ocular, having four ruled vertical lines, two very close in the centre and the other two symmetrically situate thereto. For illumination of the diaphragm there is a small opening in the tube of the eye-piece over which is an adjustable mirror h by means of which and a glass prism below the opening, light can be thrown on the lines of the diaphragm. The telescope, when observing for declination, is adjusted for focus by means of the reflected image of the lines by the mirror within the declination magnet. The adjusting for focus of object is done by moving the tube carrying both ocular and diaphragm in or out. The telescope being fixed in its Y's, it cannot be inverted. The Declinatorium. — For the determination of magnetic declination two distinct methods are available; one is by supporting the magnet on a pivot, a fine point; and the other by suspending the (another) magnet by a fibre. Lament, 1841, who was one of the early observers and investigators after the theory of terrestrial magnetism was placed on a scientific basis by Gauss, showed the preference of small suspended magnets to large ones, and furthermore believed in the greater accuracy attainable by suspension than by support on the pivot, on account of the friction which is always associated with the latter method. Eschenhagen, on the other hand, believed that for field observation where the instrument is subject to the effect of wind, that the pivot is preferable to suspension, especially if the pivot is made very fine — a needle point. It is with a view of meeting both cases that provision is made. Taking first the pivot declinometer, a, av Plate 3. On account of the difficulty of tempering steel to any great depth from the surface and for specific magnetic reasons, more effective permanent magnets can be produced by building them up of thin lamina? of steel, each of which is separately magnetized, than by magnetizing a solid bar. The magnet at, is composed of four magnetized lamella? placed parallel to each other and separated by 2 -5mm. The outer ones are 60mm. long and the inner ones 58mm. Their width is 10mm., and the whole magnet weighs 10 gr. As it is desirable to have the magnet invertible, it is provided with a double agate cap firmly secured in a hollow cylinder having a milled-head screw at each end. The construction of this double agate cap required infinite pains and labour, and great care must be exercised to preserve its virtue. At each end of the magnet there is a plane mirror for reflecting the lines of the diaphragm. Each mirror is adjustable with reference to the horizontal axis of the magnet.* As a rule the observations are made with the telescope pointing north, i.e., with reflections from the south mirror. The inversion of the magnet is effected by a skeleton carrier terminating in the milled-head seen at the * See Terrestrial Magnetism, Vol. VII., 1902, p. 59, ' Ueber den Einfluss der Spiegel- Colliraation bei Spitzen-Aufhaengung auf Declinations-JMeseungen.J REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a right-hand end of the chamber. Not only can this carrier be revolved, but within it are two forks or clamps which can be closed or opened for grasping and releasing the magnet. It will be observed that the inversion of the magnet is made without handling it or opening the chamber. As the position of the pivot when the magnet is swinging freely is in the centre of the chamber, it is necessary for the inversion of the magnet that the pivot be removed. This is done by means of the projecting screw on top of the chamber, which lowers and raises the pivot. The pivot itself is a very fine needle, the point of which would readily be broken off, were one to attempt to invert the magnet before first lowering the pivot. In the older form of instruments where heavier magnets were used, it was customary when the pivot was abraded through friction to regrind the point. This was always done at the sacrifice of the tempering. In the present case, a damaged pivot is replaced by a new one which can readily be inserted in its place and its proper height given by a special measuring contrivance supplied with the instrument. The left-hand end of the chamber is covered with a removable plane-glass front towards which the telescope is pointed when observing. The fibre declinometer V2 D, is seen on Plate 3. It consists essentially of a suspension tube, and a chamber with copper damping in which the magnet m is suspended. The chamber consists of two parts, D„ and a similar one for the other side, both of which can be removed by unscrewing. In each is a heavy hollow cylinder of copper, within which the magnet moves. The ends of the chamber are covered by two glass fronts, both of which have ground parallel-plane surfaces. Beneath the covering cap V2 is the screw for adjusting the length of the fibre. This screw passes through the ' torsion ' head, moving over a graduation of 12 divisions for the circle,. i.e., the intervals are 30°. The small screw Z>3, and a similar one on the opposite side, when removed permits lifting off the upper part, when necessary for renewing the fibre. The movable plate yv serves for clamping the stirrup from which the magnet is suspended. It is necessary to clamp the stirrup when inverting the magnet, as well as when inserting the magnet, otherwise there would be danger, if not certainty, of breaking the fibre of brass, which when once done by an observer will ensure in the future due caution, as it is a rather trying process to replace it. For security against the dropping of the magnet in case the fibre should break, a pin, hidden in the photograph, passes through the large opening in the stirrup. Before renewing the fibre the pin must be removed by unscrewing, so that the stirrup may be taken out. The pin is also left out when putting in a new fibre until the torsion of the fibre has been removed by means of the small spherical weight T„ whose mass is the same as that of the magnet m. Similarly the cylindrical weight T is used for removing the torsion from the fibre from which the intensity magnet M is suspended, to be referred to later. The declination magnet m is a hollow cylinder 35 mm. long, and its external and internal diameters 12 mm. and 8 mm., respectively. Within it at the centre and facing its south pole is a mirror for reflecting the lines of the diaphragm of the telescope. For inversion it is provided with two diametrically opposite small suspension bars. For inserting the magnet as well as for inverting it, the part D2 or the opposite one must be fir^t removed. The Dip-Circle, J. Plate S. The dip-circle is composed of magnalium. The glass front is hinged at the bottom. The circle, 11-4 cm. in diameter, is graduated into 2(f spaces, and the reading is estimated with a magnifier to tenths thereof. Two dip-needles are provided. Instead of terminating in points, as is usual, the needles have rounded ends, and for reading on the graduated circle two short diametrically opposite lines have been cut with a diamond at the ends of each needle. The needles swing just in front of the graduated circle. The pivots of the needles, with which they rest on the horizontal agate supports, have a diameter between -3 and -4 mm. The small diameter reduces the error of eccentricity. The needles are placed by means of specially provided pincers 46 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 P upon the two forks beside the agate supports, then by moving the lever at the back of the dip-circle the forks are lowered and the needle swings on its support. It is found that it will swing a long time, showing thereby the trueness of the agate supports as well as of the pivots; even within the space of a 20' division on the circle these oscillations are noticeable. For reversing the polarity of the needles, it is placed on the wooden block F in which there is a recess for the needle, and then by means of the two bar magnets R the reversal is effected. For cleaning and keeping the pivots clean and free from dust, elder-pith is provided. In the photograph the needle is in position in the dip-circle. The Magnetometer YrM. Plates S, 4. The essential parts are the magnet M, the suspension tube V, the closed box with glass front and back, the telescope h, and the thermometer Te. The suspension tube is similar to the one already described. The box is made of wood in preference to aluminum, which had been tried. The carrier Mt has its end covered with rabbit fur, and is raised and lowered by means of the button Mt. The magnet M is laid on the carrier which is then raised to the highest point, when with proper adjustment of the length of the fibre the stirrup will just reach the cross bars of the magnet, and the latter may now be pushed over so as to catch when the support is lowered. During this operation the upper part of the stirrup frame M. is clamped by means of the clamp moved by the plate y, as is done with the fibre declinometer. The pin referred to before, which prevents the magnet from dropping in case the brass fibre breaks is also applied here and is as shown in j/,. In Plate 4 the suspension fibre and attachment are hung outside of the tube in. order to show the different parts. Immediately above the stirrup is the plane mirror M., which reflects the scale division ruled on a thin glass disk and mounted in the side of the box, immediately in front of the object glass of the small telescope h. T is the torsion weight, of mass equal to that of the magnet M, and i is a protecting cap screwed over the stirrup when not in use, and when the suspension tube is Temoved from the box. Near the end of the telescope is seen a hole over which there is a circular adjustable mirror for throwing light on the scale and mirror. For the determination of the horizontal intensity two distinct operations are necessary; one is, by observing oscillations to be more fully described later, for which the immediately preceding described form of magnetometer is adapted ; and the other is by observing deflections by a magnet whose magnetic moment is known. In Plate 3 will be seen the two arms, A and a similar one on the other side, into which the intensity or deflecting magnet M is placed. These arms are firmly secured to the theodolite frame by means of the binding screws X, and always fixed in exactly the same position. The arms are hollow cylinders and have the greater part of the upper half cut away for insertion of magnet. One edge of the remaining part of each has a millimeter scale on silver for giving the distance of the deflecting magnet from the centre of the instrument, and the brass millimeter scale bar, (J, which can be inserted through the arms, serves as a check for measuring the distances between various positions of the intensity magnet, when used as a deflecting magnet. The lower side of the arms is slotted for the adjustable blocks gx gs, which can be clamped at fixed distances, and against one or other of which the magnet rests when observing. As it is important to know the temperature of the magnet, the thermometer Te is inserted into the arm, and to protect against the effect of change of temperature as much as possible the aluminum cylinders // (the second one is not shown) are slipped over the arms. Vicing held by clamps over the binding screws X. The diameter of the cylindrical thermometer bulb is such that it readily enters the magnet when both are in position in one of the arms. The remaining illustration on Plate 3 is B, which is the ordinary form of compass, and can also be mounted on the central part of the theodolite. The graduation on it 3D m "'" ■ - approaching the magnetic meridian, and with the magnet direct for the one set of readings, and inverted for the other set. From this latter observation the position of the magnetic axis of the magnet is obtained, necessary for the reduction of the observations at elongation. The observations with the fibre declinometer are similar to those of the pivot declinometer, with the addition, however, of elimination of the torsion of the fibre. The torsion is removed by suspending from the fibre a small brass weight already referred to, of the same mass as the declination magnet. When it comes to rest the torsion is removed; by means of the torsion head the line of detorsion is placed in the magnetic meridian, in which position it is parallel to the sides of the chamber or in line with the telescope. Several trials may be necessary to effect this. It is desirable at every station to suspend the weight to test the accuracy of the position of the line of detorsion. In case the fibre should break, it is necessary after inserting a new fibre to remove the pin passing through the stirrup to allow the fibre to untwist, when the pin is again put in place. For the determination of the magnet inclination by means of the dip-circle, the following observations are necessary: The inclination is measured in the plane of the magnetic meridian. When the north end of the needle dips below the horizon the inclination is considered +, when above the horizon — . The needle may be placed in the magnetic meridian, i.e., the direction of the axis of needle east and west, either from the known direction of the magnetic meridian, or by means of the needle itself. Observations for the deter- mination of magnetic declination generally precede those for inclination, when the direction of the magnetic meridian has been obtained, and the dip-circle can then be readily placed in the proper position. If the direction of the magnetic meridian is not thus known, we obtain it from four readings of the inclination needle when pointing vertically, which it does when in the magnetic prime vertical. The four readings on the azimuth circle are taken in the positions : Face of circle south with face of needle successively south and north ; and next face of circle north with face of needle successively north and south. The mean of the four readings on the REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a azimuth circle ± 90° will then define the direction of the magnetic meridian in which the observations for dip are made. These latter are similarly made in four positions as above, only that the face of the circle and the face of the needle are alternately east and west. Another set is taken with the polarity of the needle reversed, so that for a complete determination of the magnetic inclination we have eight individual observations. The object of the reversals is for the elimination of errors. By reversing the dip-circle its index error is eliminated as well as any small error in the level or the verticality of axis ; by reversal of the face of the needle on the agates the error arising from imperfection in its transverse balance and from non-coincidence of its geometrical and magnetic axes is eliminated; and by reversal of polarity the effect of the unsymmetrical distribution of the mass with reference to the axis of rotation of the needle is eliminated. For reversing the polarity of the needle it is placed in the block, F, provided therefor and secured in position by a spring clamp through which the one end of the axis passes. The two bar magnets, one in each hand, are then brought with opposite poles against the clamp, and held at an angle of about 30° to the horizon. They are then drawn slowly and simultaneously over the needle and along the ledge of the block to maintain uniformity of direction. The end of the needle having north polarity has the north end of the bar magnet passed over it to change it to south polarity, and similarly the end of the needle having south polarity has the south end of the other bar magnet passed over it to change it to north polarity. These strokes are repeated four times, each one passing completely over the needle and returning a few inches above the needle by a uniform motion of both hands to the clamp for repetition. The needle is then turned over and the operation is repeated. To correct for any inequality in the intensity of the two bar magnets, one-half of the operation of reversal of polarity of the needle may be made with the north and south poles of the bar magnets held in one position, then exchanging the magnets in the hands inverting them and applying the other two poles to the other side of the needle. The Determination of Horizontal Intensity. The principle involved in the determination of the horizontal intensity is very simple. We observe in the one case the time of oscillation of the horizontally suspended intensity magnet. Here we have the combined effect, usually designated by to H, of the magnetic moment of the oscillating magnet and of the earth's magnetic energy, acting as a couple upon the magnet. In the other case, that of deflection, we observe the differential effect, usually designated by m/H, of the same two forces. The value of the quantities entering into the two equations for m H and m/H respectively being known, either from direct observation or as constants, m and H can be eliminated. The total intensity F follows then directly from the relationship F = H Sec I, where I is the inclination or dip. For observing oscillations the intensity magnet is suspended from the fibre in the magnetometer. When the magnet is at rest the reflected image of the centre of the scale, by the small mirror above the stirrup, should be coincident or nearly so with the vertical thread. The oscillations should be in a horizontal plane and up and down motion avoided. It is customary to observe every fifth transit of the image, counting transits both to the right and the left. Before beginning recording, however, we observe a number of transits, noting the time of the first and last transit by a mean time chronometer, for getting the approximate interval for .five transits, so that one need not keep the eye constantly at the telescope, nor keep up the consecutive counting of transits one, two, three and so on, but instead, knows in advance within a second or so when the respective, fifth tenth, fifteenth, transit will take place, and be ready to note by 'eye and ear,' the time being given by the half-seconds beat of either a pocket or box mean time chronometer, and estimated to a tenth of a second. If the first transit, say to 50 DEPARTMEM OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 the right, be denoted by 0, the following transits to be noted to the right will be 10, 20, 30 and so on, while those noted to the left will be 15, 25, 35 and so on. By noting the transits to the right and to the left, the effect of any change in declination during the observation is eliminated. In order to obtain an accurate value of the time of one oscillation, we compare the times between two transits in the same direction separated by an interval of many oscillations, generally a hundred; and from the mean of a group of about 10 such intervals, an equal number of which are to the right and to the left, we get the time of one oscillation. In connection with the observations for oscillation the temperature of the magnet is noted by the thermometer, the bulb of which projects within the oscillation box ; and the value of the torsion co-efficient is obtained from the change of horizontal circle reading by turning the torsion head three divisions (90°) to the right and then to the left from its position during the oscillations. In observing for deflections, we obtain the ratio of the magnetic force of the deflecting magnet, Icing the one used for oscillation?, and the horizontal force of the earth's magnetism. The declination magnet is suspended in its chamber as when observing for declinations, the line of detorsion being in the plane of the magnetic meridian. Before placing the deflecting magnet in position, pairs of blocks in the deflecting arms are fixed at equal distances from the centre of the instrument by means of the graduations on the arms, as well as the distance between them by the milli- metre-scale brass rod. The deflecting magnet is then placed in position against the block and the declination magnet is suspended at the same height as the deflecting magnet. The horizontal plate of the theodolite with telescope is then turned until the reflected image of the diaphragm by the mirror in the declination magnet coincides with the direct image. Then the deflecting magnet is at right angles to the deflected or declination magnet and the horizontal circle reading is noted. The deflection angle is the difference between this latter reading and the reading of the horizontal circle for the magnetic meridian. Another reading is now taken at the same distance, but with the position of the poles reversed, i.e., if the first position was with north end of magnet east, the next will be with north end west. Then the magnet is placed into the other arm and at the same distance as with the former, and readings similarly obtained for north end east and north end west. The whole of these four readings arc now repeated, but at another distance equally set off by the movable blocks in the arms; the shorter distance should be about or a little less than four times the length of the deflecting magnet. In each of these two sets, theoretically the mean of two readings for two symmetrical positions of the deflecting magnet with reference to the declination magnet should give the horizontal circle reading for the magnetic meri- dian, and the difference between the two readings twice the angle of deflection of the deflecting magnet against the directive force of the earth. So, too. should the mean and difference of the two readings for one distance on one arm. but with magnet north end east and north end west, give respectively the magnetic meridian and double the angle of deflection. The time of beginning' and ending of the observations is noted and also the temperature of the deflecting magnet by inserting the thermometer into the arm and magnet. The following quantities enter into the computation for the reduction of the observations of oscillations and deflection for obtaining the value of the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic force : — Ta= Observed time of one oscillation. T = Observed time of one oscillation corrected for rate of chronometer, and arc of vibration. For small arcs the latter correction is very small and may be neglected. T = Time of time of oscillation, corrected for rate. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a — = Ratio of the force of torsion of the suspending fibre to the magnetic direc- ' tive force. q = Correction for the decrease of the magnetic moment of the magnet pro- duced by an increase of temperature of 1°. E = Moment of inertia of the magnet, inclusive of stirrup and other appendages. (This is constant for the same magnet and suspension, but varies slightly with temperature, owing to the expansion of the materials.) fn = Increase in the magnetic moment, to, of the magnet produced by the inducing action of a magnetic force equal to unity of the system of absolute measurement, m = Magnetic moment of the oscillating or deflecting magnet. H = Horizontal component of the earth's magnetic force. u = Observed angle of deflections. a a= Semi-arcs of oscillation at the beginning and end of observation. The cor- rection to Ta for arc is I 1 - — -£■ 1 where a a, are expressed in radians. r = Distance, corrected for error of graduation and temperature, between the centres of the deflecting and deflected magnets. P = Co-efficient depending upon the distribution of magnetism within the deflecting magnet, and is determined experimentally from a series of observations by means of deflections at two or three distances. To find P let A = value of-— for the shorter distance r, and A'- value of — II II A - A' for the longer distance ?•,, then P = — -r-, m A. A- r-~ >•: We have then 1 'V 86400 16 ) where s is the rate per day, + for losing and - for gaining rate. r=r'(lt7)(1""'-0"X1 + "^)1 mH'i¥- £-,,(i-f-.... )(.♦£-)*.. (»*) I 1 0 Sin U Sin u hence log H = A ( log — + log to H ) \ m j The value of q for 1° centigrade for deflecting magnet 46 Tesdorpf as determined by Mr. R. F. Stupart, director of the magnetic observatory at Agincourt is 00045; of the induction co-efficient /» = -0000072, and log -k K at 0°C =9-465511. The dimen- sions of the inertia cylinder used for the determination of K were: — Length at 0°C = 94-49mm Diameter 0°C =10-llmm Weight =63-169 grammes 52 DEPART-MEy T OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 " The inertia cylinder used was that supplied with Kew magnetometer 48. In experiments it was suspended with i ilk thread below magnet and also for sake of comparison was placed inside No. 46 (Tesdorpf), the results being almost identical. Am H = u. — was determined by deflecting bifilar magnet, and from result the value of m m induction co-efficient = -00000702 was obtained.' — (Stupart.) In the accompanying table for Magnetic Results the following explanatory notes are added. — The stations are arranged in order of longitude. All the declination observations were made with the fibre declinometer. For eastern elongation of the magnet, observations were begun before 7 a.m. and readings taken every ten or fifteen minutes until the magnet had attained its most easterly position and begun its westerly movement. Tbe maximum reading and its corresponding time were then taken for the easterly elongation; similarly it was done for the observations begun shortly after noon for westerly elongation, where the minimum reading and its corres- ponding time were taken. The position of the magnet was the same for both elonga- tions. The mean of these two readings, corrected for axis of magnet, gives the hori- zontal circle reading for the magnetic meridian, and this reading, compared with the reading on the reference object, whose azimuth has been determined by observations, then gives the angle between the magnetic and astronomic meridians, i.e., the declin- ation, which is entered in the column ' Declination - Mean of Elongations.' At nearly all the stations observations for declination were taken on two days. The times recorded for the various observations were standard time for the respective place, and subsequently reduced to L. M. T., the local mean time for each place or station. The accompanying map shows the position of the various stations given in the table, and the direction of the magnetic meridian at the respective stations or places. Stations Occupied. Following are the descriptions of the positions of the magnetic stations occupied during the past season. Besides these verbal descriptions there is on file a sketch for each station and photograph showing the position with reference to surrounling objects, lots, streets and natural features. The azimuth given is reckoned from the north through the east, from 0° to 360°. Sydney, N.S.— Occupied October 29 to November 2, 1907. Latitude 46° 06'-6; longitude 00° 12'-0. This station is located in Victoria Park. Eofereuon Object: Spire of Falmouth Street Presbyterian Church. Azimuth of Eeference Object : 150° 02' -25. The surface is level and clear, with gradual slope to bay. Conditions appar- ently satisfactory. Mulgrave, N.S.— Occupied November 4 to November 6, 1907. Latitude 60° 22' -5. Station located on clear spot east of I. C. E. station and one thousand feet distant therefrom. Eeference Object: Spire of Methodist church. Azimuth of E. O. 71° 21' -55. The surface rises from water level at I. C. E. station to an elevation of about one hundred and ten feet at magnetic station. In the vicinity of the latter, it is much broken up, with many boulders and loose rock showing. The rock, however, did not, on trial, appear to affect the magnets in any way. The slope continued rising, being very uneven and covered with rough bush. Antigonish, N.S. — Occupied November 7 to November 9, 1907. Latitude 45° 36'- 6. Longitude 62° 43'-5. Station located in C. A. E. Tennis Court Grounds. Reference Object: Flag pole on post office. Azimuth of Eeference Object: 123° 16' -3. Pictou, N.S.— Occupied October 25 to October 28, 1907. Latitude 45° 37'-9. Longitude 62°.43'-5. Station located in C.A.E. Tennis Court Grounds. Eeference Object: Spire of St. Andrew's church. There are two spires close together. The E. O. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 58 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a is the lower one, and to the west of the higher. Azimuth of R. O., 180° 01' -65. Tennis Court is on level ground on the top of the somewhat rapid slope to the bay. Truro, N.S.— Occupied October 21 to October 24, 1907. Latitude 45° 20'-2. Longitude 63° 15'-0. Station at entrance to Victoria Park. Reference Object : Spire of Presbyterian church. Azimuth of R. O. 139° 24'-4. Station on flat ground near river; the sides of the valley of which are distant two hundred feet to the west, about five hundred feet to the east, and rise to about two hundred and fifty feet. The valley narrows considerably in Victoria Park. The I. C. R. tracks -are distant at least one thousand feet. Pug-wash, N.S.— Occupied October 18 to October 21, 1907. Latitude 45° 50' -2. Longitude 63° 40'-5. Station located in field belonging to Dr. Clay. Reference Object: The peak of the lighthouse roof. Azimuth of R. O. 334° 35' 0. Station at the mouth of the Pugwash river about fifteen feet above water level. Level and open ground. Shediac, N.B.— Occupied November 16 to November 17, 1907. Latitude 46° 12'1. Longitude 64° 31'- 7. Station located in a field behind the Weldon House. Reference Object: Spire of Presbyterian church. Azimuth of R. O. 231° 33'-45. Ground level and clear, with gentle slope to bay. Moncton, N.B.— Occupied October 14 to October 16, 1907. Latitude 46° 06' -8. Longitude 64° 42' -7. Station located in field below Minto Hotel. Reference Object: Spire of St. John's Presbyterian church. Azimuth of R. O. 34° 36' -6. Ground quite flat, no near buildings, river embankment one hundred and fifty feet distant. Richibucto, N.B.— Occupied November 11 to November 13, 1907. Latitude 46° 40'-6. Longitude 64° 51'-7. Station located in post office grounds. R. O., flag pole of post office. Azimuth of R. O., 112° 56'-5. This station is favourably located, about ten feet above sea level. Surface level and clear. Newcastle, N.B. — Occupied November 14 to November 16, 1907. Latitude 46° 58'- 2. Longitude 65° 33'-0. Station located in field near I. C. R. station. R. O., spire of Presbyterian church. Azimuth of R. O., 21° 46'-0. All conditions apparently favourable. Surface level and clear. I. C. R. at least one thousand feet distant. Bathurst, N.B.— Occupied November 18 to November 20, 1907. Latitude 47° 37'-5. Longitude 65° 39'-0. Station located in field belonging to Mr. S. Leger. R. O., spire of Roman Catholic church across channel. Azimuth of R. O. 91° 31'. All conditions favourable. Surface level and clear. Point about ten feet above sea level. I. C. R. tracks at least one thousand feet distant. St. John, N.B.— Occupied October 1 to October 4, 1907. Latitude 45° 16' -7. Longitude 66° 00'-7. Station located on Gilbert property, facing Gilbert's lane to the north of the city. Reference Object, spire of Leinster Baptist church to left of hospital. Azimuth of Reference Object, 179° 16'-9. This station is situated in a field about 250 yards from the I. C. R. tracks and about one hundred and ten feet above them. To the north and west the surface rises abruptly in rocky hills, forming the right slope of the valley of Marshy creek, covered with rough brush. The station itself is on a knoll, with a rapid fall to the level of the tracks, which are about twenty- five feet above high tide level. Mispec, N.B.— Occupied October 9 to October 11, 1907. Latitude 45° 13'-3. Longitude 66° 05'-7. Station located in neighbourhood of pulp mill. Reference Object, tower of pulp mill. Azimuth of Reference Object, 114° 12' 05. The surface is very broken and rough' in this neighbourhood, with much rock and rough bush. To the northwest from magnetic station it rises rapidly to rocky elevation, probably 54 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 eight hundred feet above sea level. To the south and east it falls equally rapidly to a stream which falls into the bay about half a mile away. The station itself being probably three hundred and fifty feet above the sea level. Matapedia, Que. — Occupied Xovember 21 to November 24, 1907. Latitude 47° 56'-5. Longitude 66° 50'. Station located on the bank of the Restigouehe river, on the field belonging to the Hunting Club, to the south of the I. C. R. Refer. Object, cros9 on Roman Catholic church. Azimuth of R. O. 281° 21'-0. Conditions apparently favourable. Surface level and clear. Tracks six hundred and fifty feet distant. Certain amount of loose rock which, however, on trial did not affect the needle. Megantic, Que. — Occupied September 20 to September 24. 1907. Latitude 45° 34'-4. Longitude 70° 53'-2. Station located in the southeast, corner of field. •Refer- ence Object, flag staff of school house in Megantic. Azimuth of R. O., 329° 01 -'95. The station is strictly not in Megantic, but in the village of Agnes across the Chaudiere river. The surface is open, being cleared of bush, but large stumps left in situ, gently sloping towards the river and lake. Xo rock showing. At least one thousand feet from C. P. R. tracks. Tring Junction. Que. — Occupied September 25 to September 27, 1907. Latitude 40 : 15' -5. Longitude 71° 09' -7. Station located in field to west of Q. C. station. Reference Object, higher spire of Roman Catholic church at St. Frederick, two miles away. Azimuth of Reference Object, 29° 58'-33. The surface is level and open, ho outcroppings, nor near bush. Station distant about two hundred and fifty yards from the Q. C. tracks and on a level with them. Sherbrooke, Que. — Occupied September 13 to September 1>. L907. Latitude 45 3 23'-9. Longitude 71° 56'-2. Station located on Pembroke avenue. Reference Object, spire of new Catholic church. Azimuth of Reference Object, 92° 50'-4. This statiou is on the public highway, at the intersection of Pembroke ave. and Victoria street. The former here terminates, and there is little prospect of the town extending in this direction. The ground is level and open and quite elevated above the valley of the Yamaska river. There were no outcroppings of rock in the vicinity. Farnham, Que. — Occupied September 7 to September -11, 1907. Latitude 4.". 16'1. Longitude 73° 01'-5. Station located in field belonging to McCorguil Estate, south of C. P. R. tracks. Reference Object, spire of Methodist church. Azimuth of Reference Object, 30° 22' -40. This station is at least one thousand feet from C. P. Ry. tracks. The surface level, clear and open, no rock or bush. Brockville, Ont.— Occupied August 31 to September 4, 1907. Latitude 44° 35' -9. Longitude 75° 33'0. Station located in field belonging to Mr. C. S. Cossitt. near G. T. R. station and schoolhouse. Reference Object, spire of First Presbyterian church. Azimuth of Reference Object, 74° 13'-3. Surface level and open, no rock, no near buildings. Tracks three hundred yards distant. Kingston, R.M.C., Ont.— Occupied August 19 to August 21, 1907. Latitude 44 3 13'-8. Longitude 76° 2S'-20. (R.M.C. observers.) Station located in playing field of R.M.C. Reference Object, spire of Brock St. Methodist church. Azimuth of Refer- ence Object, 259° 18' -45. The surface conditions are apparently satisfactory. Ground level and open. The College is six hundred and twenty-five feet distant. The weather during the observations satisfactory. The declination, however, is so very much greater than might be predicted from the declination at Sharbot Lake to the north- west, and Brockville to the east, as to show some local influence, more or less constant. This deduction is strengthened by the fact that the east and west elongations observed independently on successive days corroborate each other very closely, with a range of about 15', and the declinations taken at 5.30 p.m. on these successive days give an REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a average declination agreeing with the mean of the elongations within 1'. It is well known that some local influence renders the mariner's compass useless in that neigh- bourhood, and Capt. Eussell-Brown, Instructor in Geodesy and Surveying at the E.M.C. stated that a compass survey there would not nearly close, and that he could get many varying declinations across the field. Kingston, Old Artillery Barracks.— Occupied August 23 to August 25, 1907. Latitude 44° 15'-2. Longitude 76° 29'-2. Station a relocation of Capt. Lefroy's, in 1849. Eeference Object, the north side of the western cross on ' House of Providence.' Azimuth of Eeference Object, 155° 02'-26. The station is probably a correct relocation of Capt. Lefroy's within ten feet. The results obtained are probably not ver,y reliable, as the Old Barracks (now used as a store) is within one hundred feet. The artillery stables (now in use) are within eighty feet. The armoury of the Kingston regi- ments within three hundred feet, and the Kingston Electric Eailway runs to the southeast within two hundred feet and to the northwest within sis hundred feet. All observations, however, were taken on Sunday, when the electric railway does not operate. The observations, however, for declination and dip (horizontal force was not observed) seem quite accordant. The range between elongations was 17'; the declina- tion taken at 5.45 p.m. agrees within 1' with the mean of the elongations and the dips agree with a range of 3'. Kingston Junction, Ont. — Occupied August 27 to August 28, 1907. Latitude 44° 15' -2. Longitude 76° 28' -0. Station located in field belonging to Mr. Elliott. Eefer- ence Object, cross on St. Mary's cathedral in Kingston. Azimuth of Eeference Object, 181° 37'-8. This station is proximate relocation of that occupied in 1906 by the Carnegie Institution^ and which was described as being a given distance from two trees, and azimuth of the Eeference Object 182° 26' -8. Where there are many trees it is a matter of uncertainty to select any particular two. The visible surface con- ditions appear favourable and although it appears likely that the same local disturb- ance that affects what might be calculated to be the three magnetic elements at Kingston city, would have some influence here, still the individual observations taken are closely accordant. Sharbot Lake, Ont.— Occupied August 12 to August 16, 1907. Latitude 44° 46' -4. Longitude 76° 41' -2. Station selected in a field lying to the north of the railway station between the K. & P. track and an arm of the lake. Eeference Object, pole of railway watering tank. Azimuth of Eeference Object, 225° 56' -0. This station is situated on the top of the bank sloping rapidly to the lake, and about sixty feet above the water level. It is about eight hundred feet from the nearest point on the K. & P. tracks and about fifty feet above them. The surface surrounding the station is open and clear, with no apparent disturbing conditions. Pembroke, Ont.— Occupied July 26 to July 28, 1907. Latitude 45° 49'-3; Longi- tude 77° 07' -5. Station selected in field belonging to Mr. Peter White, jr. Eeference Object, spire of Presbyterian church. Azimuth of Eeference Object 288° 56'-0. Surface clear and open, level. Apparently favourable conditions. Station about one hundred and ten feet above railway tracks and quite distant therefrom. Barry Bay, Ont.— Occupied August 8 to August 9, 1907. Latitude 45° 28'-77. Longitude 77° 24'- 6. Station selected in open ground near the school house. Eefer- ence Object, spire of Eoman Catholic church. Azimuth of Eeference Object 78° W-14. The surface is level and open, a low rocky knoll is situated about five hundred feet to the west, but in the near vicinity there is no outcropping. All conditions apparently favourable. 25a— 6 56 DEPARTMEXT UF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 ilattawa, Ont.— Occupied July 23 to July 24, 1907. Latitude 46° 19'-7. Longi- tude 78° 41' -0. Station selected on Hudson's Bay Co.'s reserve. Reference Object, the flag-pole on the school house across the river. Azimuth of Reference Object, 13S° 24'- 9. Conditions apparently quite favourable, surface clear and sloping gradually to the water level at confluence of Mattawa and Ottawa rivers, on the point between which the Hudson's Bay Co.'s reserve is situated. From the water it slopes gradually up, culminating in the low rocky sides of the valley. No disturbing conditions apparent. Joe Lake, Ont. — Occupied August 5 to August 7, 1907. Latitude 45° 35' -2. Longitude. 78° 46' -5. Station selected on 'Algonquin Hotel Reserve,' about three hundred and fifty feet south of the hotel. Reference Object, the peak of the south gable of the hotel. Azimuth of Reference Object, 310° 26' 0. It was difficult to find a convenient and favourable spot for a magnetic station. The surface is much broken up, covered with a dense bush, and much rock, which however, did not on trial appear to affect the needle. The station is distant about eight hundred and fifty feet from the Canada Atlantic Railway tracks and about forty-five feet above them. North Bay, Ont.— Occupied July 18 to July 20, 1907. Latitude 46° 18'-3. Longi- tude 79° 24'-7. Station selected on waste ground at east extension of Sherbrooke strei t. Reference Object, spire of English church (on Sherbrooke street). Azimuth of Reference Object, 235° 50'-45. All this district is subject to the comment that rock is never very deep below the surface. On trial, however, bits of boulders did not apparently affect the needle. The surrounding surface is fairly level and clear and open. Rose Point, Ont.— Occupied July 31 to August 4, 1907. Latitude 45° 19'-1. Longitude 80° 15'-0. Station selected on small island known as 'Sloop Island.' Reference Object, the pole surmounting the cupola on the northeast side of the Canada Atlantic Railway station. Azimuth of Reference Object 177° 3S'-8. Sloop Island is not more than one-quarter acre in extent, and is on the west side of the narrow channel used by the boats plying between Rose Point and Parry Sound. It is a mere rock ; the entire district is no better, being covered with only a few spruce and shrubs. The broken boulders scattered about affected the needle very greatly when brought to within five or six feet, and care was taken to remove all possible to a considerable distance. At the same time, the independent observations of the east and west elongations of declination, taken on three successive days, corroborate each other very closely, although the range is only 9'. Sudbury, Ont.— Occupied July 15 to July 17, 1907. Latitude 46" 29,-0. Longi- tude 81° 00'-0. Station selected on waste ground on east extension of Minto street. Reference Object, small pole on top of water tower. Azimuth of Reference Object 13° 58'- 6. Surface in immediate vicinity level and open. A small creek flows through a valley, the sides of which rise about one hundred and fifty feet above the water. Although there is not much rock showing in the valley bottom, still the entire district has rock foundation, never very deep below the surface. The rock, however, did not appear to affect the needle. Chapleau, Ont.— Occupied July 9 to July 13, 1907. Latitude 47° 49'-6. Longitude 83° 27'-0 (from data supplied). Station a relocation of the Carnegie Institution station, occupied October 10, 1906. Reference Object, flag pole on Algoma hotel. Azimuth of Reference Object 252° 33'-9 (from data supplied). The surface con- REPORT OR THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a ditions at this station are apparently quite favourable, subject to the general comment that the entire district is underlaid by rock, never deep below the surface. On trial, however, portions of this rock did not affect the needle. On the afternoon and evening of the 10th and the morning of the 11th, the declination needle behaved rather unsteadily, which may be accounted for by the fact that a brilliant display of aurora took place on the evening of the 10th. 58 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 c >■•-/ - x 1- t^ ic ■* c: C 71 j, .. 3 §3-5 O cO ift »o kC IC IQ .- m H"d^ O c: 00 0 0 00 C SJ c c c c O O .£ i?^ ■ CO i-C tj: t- x ~r 0 .tj PH T 71 — Hor. tens C. 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X t - ■ CO X Hi zz cio ■ •CM CO "el b- 0 Ci ^ CM »-" "-S ./ 10 to ec CMr- r-t t- -r tr NHHr BC 1". — *2cv CM . ri -M CoCMC-1 CM CM CI Ti ' ] ^ """" ^ Q 4: t > > y y 0 0 - y.z _ -t- - C C - *i ^J - - CJ 0 - OO ZZ : > z y 0 > "rl " S- - at r ~ aT " ~ " 7: CD 13 i> too CM CM rH 0S CS CM if CO X i~ ^ ic Ci © 0 1000 ~ C CM O O CO 1- CO •^ T IO :■- r- IC CO 1 cc »o in in »r iT SO O t- -J b- 10 in .- iff? ^ "# TT V -r ■* T -f ^ -3- -t •*r -r ■^ -T ■^r ■H" 0) •0 c 10 NifJ C IT fc-O b-O 0 b- CO CM © CM CM CM CSCO »r C rH CO 70 - © ■a r" CM iO -P :■: f >r. :o EC 0 _ 0 iO § C l-H i-h CM o- cr «* ^T5 0 rH ►j © cc ^tp eocLO t£ to - CO L-- B O 40 > f * a en beg fl 45 u * 6 CD 00 C "7 -7 0! 1 CJ '■& c bo CD c c 'E a -a 1 u REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a ooo © © CO 30 30 © O OS CO o OS 1-1 CM CO CO b- CO CM GC CO © CO © CM CO 00 CM CO 00 00 00 o © H«< CM CO o CO co oo O© o o O o o © © © © © O b- ■«< b- IC iO OO IO b- CO CO oc © so CO b- rH O Ci CI — — Cl CO CO -r CM O •ct* (M CO O D OO o o © 1 o © c o O o .-HOC to rH OS CO i£ © o < 53 t— c o CO CM CO 01 iH ci rH rH CI -H -1 -r Cl rH CN tl H - ci • 01 c0 CM ri CN CO OS CO t^ ci 11 V'r be 0 00 13 i-a 00 00 3 < >-> fco ■5 >1 i-a ©m © iCl CO 00 CO iQ i— 1 Cl rH © b- CO O Cl i-t -1* — '" i - t-OCO rfO ^ rH© •* j-. — i so i-H Cl O ■^ Cl b- N-HMon-wwr^o^cicr-'Xio CJOiOiCOHHOiCn-ffiCLlM OClQOCOCOOiCb-O cococococococooo . 2 ic m b-t-b- »0 CO t-b- b- ^ f ^"K «f © CO CS IO C cfi [-. b- b- r- t^. o. t^ t^ O- t^ fr- OO o © c-t- lOLQ'QOmcCCt-t- b— C—t—b-t-t— t-t-t- X O K ci H -r mo co © X CI i- CO IO r- © CO iO L— b- O OS ITS o t N o h v t L-; i- ^ r. -f o in rt CSOOON*»NN CO' -r co li ci -h -t- o w NO c: ©© rHrH © rH CO CI Cl © CI CO C CO ~ ci as © O CO ■* rH riH CM©©C0©©C10SO r- r- • o : ~. "-1 :: CM 01 io to •* ec co co x x" _: _: co" -r .- .- ad -.] ,_ — ^- ,_i T, ?1 T1 OS 05 N CN rH ^ r-' ci ci ^ ^ o — ' — Sept. Sept. 41 bo ci 3 0 : ir- < ^5 bo < " 3 i— <; .^r 1-3 O CO C5 ^ rfCi b- CM ^ rH rHCM rH C3 C3 -H rH Cl rHrH ©~©"o"oV C icToic m O -J CI ci ci CI IO o — l.-: id coiocoo •o'o'o" rj- o f t- t-^ I— © b- X> (— t- b- t- 00 t-t-b-b~b-b-x©© "CO 00 C£ tC = 2 O = s =33 Cl Cl 4 < CO CO 00 t- CM CO rH 00 CS O CO OS CN rH CO rH rH o © O © iO !M Mispec 65 St. John 66 Matapedia 66 Megantic 70 Triug Jet j 71 Sherbrooke . . . 71 Farnham 73 Brockville 75 Ottawa 75 Kingston R.M.C.; 76 Kingston, Jet. . . . Kingston Bar'ok: Sharbot Lake. . . Pembroke Barry Bay Mattawa Joe Lake North Bay. . . Rose Point Sudbury Chapleau ! 76 76 76 Latitude Date 12 (I 46 06 22 5 45 35 59 2 45 35 43 .' 45 38 15 0 45 20 10 5 4ft 50 31 7 46 12 47 0 46 06 51 7 46 40 33 0 46 58 39 0 47 37 59 0 45 13 no 1 45 16 55 8 47 66 53 •' 45 34 00 0 46 15 56 2 45 23 01 5 45 16 to 7 44 35 42 9 45 23 28 2 44 13 28 il 44 15 29 2 44 13 41 2 44 46 07 5 45 49 40 3 45 28 41 0 46 19 46 5 45 35 24 7 46 18 02 3 45 19 00 0 46 29 27 (i 47 49 1907 1-2. Oct. 30-31, Nov Nov. 5-6 Nov. 8-9 Oct. 25-26-2S Oct. 22-23-24 . . Oct. 19-20-21 ... Oct. 17 Oct. 14-15-16 . . . Nov. 13 Nov. 15-16 Nov. 18-19-20.... Oct. 10-11 Oct. 2-3-4 Nov. 21-22-23-24. 20-21-23-24 26-27 14 16-17-18 9-10-11 . . Sept. 2-3-4 . . . June 3 Aug. 20-21 .... Aug. 27-28 Aug. 25 Aug. 13-16 July 26-27-28.. . Aug. 9 July 23-24 Aug. 6-7 July 18-19-20... July 31, Aug. 1-2-3 July 15-16-17 July 11-12-13 Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. I Ifl-lilKi tion 25 24 23 23 01 21 50 22 39 22 45 22 15 22 36 22 47 23 39 20 03 20 10 22 53 16 33 17 22 15 59 15 12 10 34 12 36 36 46 14 16 30 07 11 28 10 16 08 46 08 44 07 30 08 55 06 49 06 54 03 47 Dip Hor. I ntensity 74 73 74 74 73 74 75 75 75 75 76 75 74 76 75 76 75 75 75 75 73 74 74 74 76 75 76 70 76 75 76 77 16 8 o- 53 6 0 17 9 o- 31 2 0 .-.2 5 0' IS 8 0 03 5 II n7 8 0' 37 1 o- 36 >> o- 03 9 0 06 4 24 8 o 35 3 o- 40 6 o- 06 7 o- 26 7 o- 20 1 o- 03 6 ()■ 41 2 0' 27 3 0 57 8 o- 37 3 .M 6 0 11 2 0 53 9 o- 41 2 o- 56 0 o- 35 7 0 36 1 o- 35 2 o- 54 1 o- 1563 1611 1596 1577 161 S 1544 1520 1515 1478 1465 1431 1592 1387 1498 1462 1512 ■1540 1577 1505 1708 1613 160S 1476 1501 1429 1525 1433 1525 1451 • 1321 Total Intensity 5768 5807 5899 5910 5827 5S95 5894 5903 5960 5892 5944 5926 5981 nor.! ; 6094 6018 1109.-. 6118 6086 5998 6219 6173 6182 6197 6205 6281 0182 6588 6254 6304 *Tesdorpf Magnetometer. No. 1977. GRAVITY. Unfortunately the new sidereal chronometers ordered were not received in time for undertaking gravity work during the past season. The chronometers of the observatory heretofore available were required for urgent longitude determinations in various parts of the Dominion. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, OTTO KLOTZ. OTTAWA 5 -»*• •+*+ ,— v«— »^V** -i 3^^/^^ *-■**»»• J\\**— «* Fig 5— SEISMOGR KLOTS- SEISMOLOGY Sept, 2 /$07 &-W ftfn.aWUi.rn /^jat^^^i ^^•"w*. •c/^yvv~v ,ww^y<-Wwr* t&te ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^S^^^^B^^^^B^^ OGRAM AT OTTAWA I 25a— p. 60. WEATHER MAP METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE, DOMINION OF CANADA. R F. STUPART, Director. Published bv authantvof the Department uf Marine and Fisheries. nJHHXrtSTjy™ El,8 *;"'- MvenT«"h meridian time. Air pressure reduced to sea leveL a J£ph,"e VreSu"™"™" """• "*" ,br0U«h 1>t,lI"• °' «**> pereSe**"*' °' """"^ """' ^ through points o! equal tern- Stubols Indicate state ol weather: Q clear; (» partly cloudy; Q cloudy; 0 rain; (J) ,„ow~; @ report musing; P5 thunderstorm. Aanowe fly with the wlndT rfzfhou^"* Wh'n UKd *how "gi'"a "' Palpitation during " T " in table, indicate! amount too email to measure. mpttnx Itepoi'l t>/* Hr.Klot 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a A. 1909 APPENDIX 2. EEPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, 1908. ASTROPHYSICAL WORK BY J. S. PLASKETT, B.A. 25a— 8 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a A. 1909 CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 65 Papers published during the year 68 The Spectrograph 69 Tests of Camera Objectives. . . '2 The New Correcting Lens 73 Dimensions of the Star Image produced by above 79 Measurement and Reduction of Stellar Spectra 82 Measuring Machines 82 Method of Measurement 83 Reduction of Stellar Spectra 84 Effect of Slit Width 86 Tables of Measures 89 Probable Errors 95 Conclusions 9 f Radial Velocities 99 Spectroscopic Binaries 100 i Orionis 101 Record of Spectrograms, i Orionis 104 Detailed Measures, i Orionis 106 Summary of Measures, i Orionis 148 Conclusion 15ft Addendum — Least Squares Solution 153 The Spectroscopic Binary ^ Orionis 156 Record of Spectrograms, i^ Orionis 158 Detailed Measures, \p Orionis 160 Summary of Measures, ^ Orionis 183 Conclusion 183 Addendum — Least Squares Solution 185 Appendix A. — W. E. Harper. i) Virginia 191 Record of Spectrograms 194 Detailed Measures and Reductions 196 Summary of Measures 221 Conclusion 221 Appendix B. — W. E. Harper. 6 Aquilse 224 Record of Spectrograms 226 Detailed Measures 228 Summary of Measures 252 25a— 8J 64 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Appendix C. — R. M. Motherwell. Page. Measurement of Visually Double Stars 253 Prediction and Observation of Occultations 254 Appendix D. — Ralph E. DeLury. Determination of the Wave-lengths of Fe.V alloy 257 Detailed Measures 259 Summary 264 Appendix E. — W. M. Tobey. Photometric Observations 269 ILLUSTEATIONS. 1. Transformer, capacity and self-induction 70 2. Zonal differences of focus 75 3. Colour curves 78 4. Velocity curve of i Orionis ' 102 5. Velocity curve of i Orionis 102 6. Orbit of i Orionis 152 7. Velocity curve, i Orionis 154 8. Velocity curve, ^ Orionis 184 9. Orbit, ^r Orionis 185 10. Velocity curve, \p Orionis lsv 11. Velocity curve, rj Virginis 222 12. Orbit, v Virginis 222 13. Velocity curve, $ Aquilae 224 14. Orbit, 6 Aquila 225 15. Spectrum of iron-vanadium alloy 25S REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a APPENDIX 2. ASTBOPHYSIOAL WORK BY J. S. FLA8KETT, B.A. Ottawa, Ont., March 31, 1908. W". F. King, Esq., B.A., LL.D., Chief Astronomer, Department of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of the work carried on by me and under my direction during the past year. Owing to the change in the date of presenting the report, it deals with only seven or eight months' work and consequently will not be found to cover so much ground as formerly. I think, however, it will indicate satisfactory progress in every department under my charge. Some of them are as yet only in the organization stage, and not much actual work accomplished can yet be reported, although very satisfactory pro- gress in the preparatory stages has been made. I wish particularly to draw to your attention the very efficient work that has been accomplished by my three assistants, Messrs. Harper, DeLury and Motherwell, in their various lines. I can speak in the very highest terms, not only of their ability and energy, but also of their conscientious attention to their duties. I propose to present to you here a short summary of the principal pieces of work carried on, each being presented below in detail, and where possible over the signature of the officer responsible for it. The principal work, as previously, has been the determination of the line of sight velocities of stars by the spectroscope, chiefly of spectroscopic binaries for the deter- mination of their orbits. The new combined three prism and single prism spectro- graph, which was fully described in last year's report, has performed very satisfactorily. Some minor improvements, altogether outside the spectrograph proper, however, have been added and it is doing and has done excellent work. Our experience has shown, however, that separate instruments would be much more useful, and a new single prism spectrograph has been designed, the optical parts have been ordered by you, and the mechanical parts will be constructed1 in the workshop as soon as possible. Of the dozen spectroscopic binaries under observation two, i Orionis and if/ Orionis have been completed, and two, 0 Aquilse and rj Virginis, have had provisional elements determined. Work on several others is well under way, and it is hoped that some of them will shortly be completed. It may be stated in this connection that considerable work may be done on spectroscopic binaries without it being found possible in some cases to obtain any definite result. This is due to a small range, of velocity combined with a poor quality of spectrum for measurement, so that the periodic effect is masked by the large accidental errors of observation. If the period could be obtained in such a case it is possible, after observations over several periods had been combined into phases, exactly as has been done in i Orionis, described below, that approximate elements could be determined; but unless the period can be obtained no such combina- tion of observations is possible. For the above reasons observations and measurements on one binary o Andromedae have been discontinued. It gives me pleasure in connection with the work on radial velocities to make especial mention of the very efficient manner in which Mr. Harper has assisted in this 66 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 work. Besides doing the lion's share of the measuring and reduction of spectrogram;. he has equally divided with myself the work of observation. Moreover, it is not only the quantity of the work, but the quality that deserves mention. His measures are very careful and accurate, and his work throughout thoroughly dependable. He has presented a report of his work on two spectroscopic binaries, 0 Aquilas and i; Yirginis. in appendices A and B below. His measures on other uncompleted binaries and on i Orionis, which is discussed by myself, have probably occupied considerably more time than the work reported. Mr. Westland, who since November has efficiently assisted Mr. Harper and myself in the work of measuring and reducing star spectra, will be leaving for the field in a short time. In order to have the measuring and reduction keep pace with the observ- ing, two capable assistants are required. It is desirable to obtain assistants who will be permanently engaged in this work, as considerable training and experience is required before reliable measurements can be obtained. As soon as suitable men can be obtained I would respectfully urge their appointment. The Hartmann-Zeiss Spectro-Comparator, which you ordered upon my representa- tion a year ago, has only quite recently arrived. It is a very workmanlike instrument and, so far as our tests have gone, gives every promise of doing very accurate and satisfactory work. It is evident, However, that its special use will be in spectra of the solar and related types. Spectra of the early hydrogen and helium types will prefer- ably, I believe, be measured as previously. I am gratified to report that, although the new correcting lens when first received did not give much better images than the old. a refiguring of its surface enabled it to produce practically perfect results. Not only is the image free from aberration, ensuring uniform illumination of camera and collimator lenses and consequent free- dom from chance of systematic displacement of the lines, but its smallness and per- fection ensure the greatest possible slit transmission, and result in a considerable diminution in the required exposure time, estimated as at least 30 per cent. We may therefore consider the time and energy required to make this improvement to be well spent. A full report of the tests of the new corrector, both before and after refiguring, with a description of a number of experiments on the actual dimensions of the star image and the conclusions derived therefrom is given below. In my last report I gave an account of an investigation undertaken for deter- mining the effect of increasing the slit width of a spectrograph on the accidental errors of measurement. This showed that the errors by no means increased proportionally with the increase of slit, width, although scarcely sufficient data were obtained to give any definitive results. This investigation has been continued this year, using three different dispersions available with the new spectrograph, and some very interesting as well as useful results obtained. They show that with a single prism instrument on early type stars the slit may be opened to 0- 051mm without any marked increase of accidental or systematic error, while with a three prism spectrograph this width may be increased to 0- 076mm without much increasing the error of measurement. Details of the measurements and conclusions are given in full below. My interest in camera lenses for spectrographs has not diminished, although I am unable to report much advance beyond what was accomplished last year. I there described the excellent performance of the Brashear single material for single prism and the Hartmann-Zeiss ' Chromat ' for three-prism work. These are both however, of about 525mm focus and 45mm aperture. Lenses of shorter focus with the same aperture offer greater difficulties in the design and construction, and Zeiss, in reply to a request to construct such a lens, states that the ' Chromat ' cannot be successfully made of larger angular aperture than already supplied. They suggest a trial of their Tessar photographic objective, and, by the kindness of Mr. De Coiircey Topley, one was obtained for testing from the Bausch and Lomb Optical Co., of 12 inches focus and about. 2 inches aperture. A preliminary test of this lens showed very promising REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a results. The definition is very good and the field very nearly flat. It looks as if it would make a satisfactory objective for spectrographs work. Brashear has made three new lenses of the ' Chromat ' type of different materials which have just been received and await testing. They are of somewhat shorter focus than the Zeiss ' Chromat,' and the result of the test should prove interesting. The special Eoss Homocentric lens of 10 inches focus, which, according to the makers claim, should have fulfilled the desired requirements, proved a disappointment as, although thr definition was good, the field had such strong curvature as to render it quite useless for spectrograph^ work. At their request it has been returned to them for improve- ment and it is hoped that it may be made satisfactory. A good start at micrometric work has been made by Mr. Motherwell, who has made a number of measures of the position angle and distance of some selected double stars. The occultations of stars by the moon visible at Ottawa have, whenever the weather permitted, also been observed and their times of immersion and emersion carefully determined. He has compiled a summary of these measurements and observations, which is given below in appendix C. He has spent considerable time in investigating the field of the Brashear photographic doublet of S inches aperture and 42 inches focus by the Hartmann method of extra-focal exposures. The investigation shows that the lens possesses very considerable over-correction for spherical aberration, more than sufficient to account for the large images given. The field, however, is flat and, if the aberration can be overcome without affecting the curvature of field, the lens will be unsurpassed. I had hoped to be able to report that work with the coelostat telescope had been begun, but, owing to the delay in getting the building ready, this has not been possible and nothing more can now be done until spring. The opening between the tunnel and the laboratory in the basement was not completed in time, and, to prevent freezing up, both ends had to be blocked preventing the installation of the solar spectroscope. The mechanism for the telescope is completed and in place. Dr. DeLury will shortly be engaged in setting up, adjusting and testing the 23-foot plane grating spectroscope for use with the coelostat so that, as soon as possible, everything may be placed in working order and actual observation begun. On every clear day photographs of the solar surface on a scale of about 7§ inches to the sun's diameter have been obtained for a record of the spots, but no plates have yet been measured. The concave grating spectroscope, at present installed on the midway floor, was very carefully adjusted by Dr. DeLury and has been used by him in obtaining photographs of the spark spectrum of the iron-vanadium alloy used by us as the comparison spectrum in stellar spectroscopy. This is a necessary piece of work as many of the lines used are blends of iron and vanadium and their wave lengths can only be accurately determined in this way. These plates have been measured and reduced to wave lengths in the hope of obtaining a consistent set of wave lengths of both elements for the above purpose. Owing, however, to the want of a suitable measuring machine the values obtained have not been entirely satisfactory and a remeasurement will be undertaken as soon as possible. A description of the work done and the results obtained by Dr. DeLury is given below in appendix D. A small chemical laboratory which will be of service in astrophysical investiga- tions, in silvering the mirrors of the coelostat and for numerous other purposes has been fitted up by Dr. DeLury in the room in the basement beside the solar research laboratory. As mentioned in the last report, a polarizing photometer, modelled somewhat after the ZSlluer form, was constructed in the workshop last summer, and Mr. Tobey has been using it in the measurement of the magnitudes of stars. Up to the present, most of his time has been spent in obtaining the scale of the instrument. The exceptionally bad weather during the past winter has prevented much astronomical work of any 68 DEPARTUEST OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 nature being done and photometry ha- suffered as well as other lines. A short report by Mr. Tobey on his work is given in appendix E. The workshop has, as last year, proved its indispensibility in the work of our observatory and in the Geodetic and other surveys under your direction. The mechanician, Mr. Maekey, has been kept very busy during the whole year. It has indeed been impossible for him to do all the work required. This work is growing so rapidly both in the Astronomical and Astrophysical divisions, and in the Boundary and Geodetic survey?, that the new construction and repairs necessary is entirely beyond the capacity of one man. As all the work can be done much better and cheaper in our own workshop, and as much of the experimental work, which requires super- vision by the designer and user, can not be done elsewhere, the need of an assistant was strongly felt. I have to express my obligation to you for your readiness in recognizing this need and taking steps to supply it. Since my last report the workshop has been removed to the southwest corner of the basement. The light in this room is much better and its larger size has allowed the machines to be arranged to much better advantage, enabling both the quantity and quality of the output to be enhanced. Much of the time of Mr. Maekey has been spent in small repairs, but besides these the travelling wire micrometer for Cooke 1 has been completed, the polarizing photometer has been made and several attachments for convenience in using the spectrograph have been applied. With your approval the charge of the instruments, so far as the bookkeeping is concerned, has been entrusted to Mr. Motherwell who has carefully kept account of them, leaving only the general supervision and the question of repairs in my care. The number of field instruments in store and in use has rapidly increased of late and their proper looking after requires considerable time. The interest of the public, as shown by their attendance at the Saturday evening open nights, has continued unabated and our effort to increase and specialize this interest by the formation of an astronomical society in Ottawa has met with a gratifying response. Such a society is a useful adjunct to our work, not only by increasing the interest of the people in astronomical matters, but also in giving them correct ideas of the value and work of our observatory. The papers read at the meet- ings, especially the afternoon or ' technical ' meetings, have been of a high class, while the matter presented in several of them has been the product of original investigation and research of value and has formed distinct contributions to science. To say nothing of the encouragement to original work such papers are of general educative value giving each of us a better knowledge of the work being carried on by our colleagues, while they are of special service to those who prepare them, necessarily entailing a thorough mastery of main principles and details not likely otherwise to be obtained. The following papers bearing on the work of the Astrophysical division have been published since the date of the last report: — 1. The Star Image in Spectrographs Work, by J. S. Plaskett, Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Vol. 1, No. 5, p. 297. 2. Preliminary Orbit of 6 Aquike by W. E. Harper, Journal of the Royal Astro- nomical Society of Canada, Vol. 1, No. 6, p. 357. 3. The Star Image in Spectrograph^ Work, II., by J. S. Plaskett, Astrophysical Journal, Vol. XXVII., p. 139, March, 1908. 4. Orbit of >; Virginia by W. E. Harper, Astrophysical Journal, Vol. XXVII., p. 160, March, 1908. 5. A Transportable Form of Standard Cell, by R. E. DeLury, Physical Review, Vol. XXV., p. 492, 1907. REPORT OF THE CEIEF ASTRONOMER 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 6. Device for preventing bumping- in Mercury Air Pumps, l>y R. E. DeLury, Physical Review, Vol. XXV., p. 495, 1907. 7. The Spectroscopic Binary t Orionis, by J. S. Plaskett and W. E. Harper will appear in Astrophysical Journal in April. 8. The Aberrations of a Stellar Camera Objective, by R. M. Motherwell. Thesis presented for M.A. degree at University of Toronto, March 28, 1908. The matter in the above papers treating on spectrographic work is presented in a somewhat different form in this report. Before entering into the details of the work, however, I wish to express my deep appreciation of the hearty support and efficient help you have given me in the under- takings completed or in hand. Without such help and encouragement, so much pro- gress would certainly not have been reported. THE SPECTROGRAPH. The new Ottawa spectrograph has been used exclusively in the determination of radial velocities sirlce its completion last summer. This instrument was fully illus- trated and described in last year's report, and I have little to add in this place. Further experience in its use has confirmed the good opinion formed of its performance, and no changes have been made in the spectrograph proper. Some difficulty was at first experienced in the temperature regulation, a gradual lowering of the temperature in the prism box of about 0-l°C. per hour occurring as the room temperature kept falling. The heating coils were at first placed only in the lower portion of the case as advocated by Hartmann and, although the temperature around the contact thermometers must have remained constant, the increased radiation, as the difference between inside and outside temperatures increased, would lower the temperature of the upper part of the case and this would be transmitted by conduction through the metal parts to the prism box. In consequence, additional heating coils were placed up the sides of the box so as to practically cover the whole inside surface of the case and the difficulty then disappeared. There is, naturally enough, if the temperature of the case is set only slightly above the outside temperature, a slight drop in the prism box temperature if the room temperature falls two or three degrees ; but, if the dome be opened about half an hour before sunset, this drop takes place considerably before observing begins and is not likely to produce any error in observations made an hour after it occurs. The only possible difficulty or cause of error that may arise is due to the proximity of the coils on the sides of the case to parts of the tubular truss frame, especially to the diagonal tubular truss connecting the outer end of prism box to the upper ring casting. Any long continuance of the heating current would probably raise their temperature and displace slightly the position of the spectral lines. Any error from this cause is however, fairly well guarded against by, first the intermittent action of the automatic heat regulation, the heat being turned on and off generally two or three times a minute and consequently not having time to affect such a mass of metal, and secondly by«covering the tubes with a non-conducting layer of felt which must so smooth down the irregularities of the regulation as to ensure constant temperature in the truss. As soon as opportunity offers, however, this possible source of error will be guarded against either by some means of air stirring or by increasing the distance between the coils and the tubes. The 10,000 volt transformer ordered for producing the comparison spark was received in the fall and, as soon as possible, the connections were altered to allow its use instead of the induction coil. The secondary wires from the induction coil already ran up the column across to the tube of the telescope and then down it to the com- parison apparatus, thus avoiding any wires across the floor. But it was necessary 70 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 when putting on the comparison spark to move from the guiding eye-piece to the switch of the induction coil. When the transformer was substituted for the coil, the connections were so arranged that the spark could be turned on and off by a switch on the telescope tube directly above the eye-piece. The alternating current lighting circuit is led to three receptacles attached to the south side of the telescope column. Two of these are used for movable lights with long attaching cords while the third feeds the transformer and the heating coils of the temperature case. Wires lead from the two sides of this receptacle to a double-pole knife-edge switch below the relay box. From the other sides of this switch, one proceeds direct to one terminal of the transformer primary while the other runs up the telescope column through a variable resistance of six 32 c.p. lamps, situated just above the relay box, of which one only or two or more in multiple as required may be placed in the circuit. This wire then proceeds, beside the heating and secondary wires, down the tube to one terminal of a single pole switch near the eye end, while a wire from the other terminal follows the same course past the bank of lamps direct to the other primary terminal of the transformer. A vari- able capacity is placed in multiple across the secondary terminals, and a variable self- induction in series between one of the secondary and the spark terminals. The intensity and character of the spark may be varied between wide limits by changing the intensity of current through the primary by means of the lamp resistance, or by changing the capacity or self induction or both in the secondary circuit. Moreover. when once set, the spark remains nearly constant, much more so than is the case with an induction coil. Transformer, capacity, and self induction are permanently attached to the column as shown in fig. 1, which shows the spectrograph ready for use, and are always out of the way. After throwing in the double pole switch the spark can be controlled by the single pole on the tube. The ease of applying the comparison enables it to be used much more frequently during the exposure on the star, thus lessening the chance of systematic error. Besides the change in the heating coils and in the production of the comparison spark, knurled thumb screws have been substituted for the ordinary machine screws first used in attaching the temperature case. Similarly where, before, wires had to be attached to binding posts at the lower part of the case whenever change was made from single to three prism form or vice versa, now all are attached to plugs which simply shove into jacks. Moreover, as in three prism work the Hartmann-Zeiss Chromat camera objective is used, and in single prism the Hastings-Brashear single material, a separate camera was made for each to prevent dismemberment and change of adjustment when changing from high to low dispersion or vice versa. The purpose of these improvements was to shorten the time required to make the* change from one form to another, which frequently requires to be performed, often both single and three prisms being required on the same night. This change can now be entirely made in 15 minutes and if this time were the only consideration it would not amount to very much in a night's work. Unfortunately temperature difficulties arise in such a case and. although they are much diminished by the provision of an automatically con- trolled constant temperature box for holding the prism train or single prism with attached camera, which is seen on the stand to the left of fig. 1, there is still some uncertainty in regard to the temperature of the prisms. This consideration led to the decision, to which you readily agreed, to make a separate single prism spectrograph with temperature case and attaching stand complete, provide a separate relay box and have both instruments always maintained at constant temperature ready for instant change. In such a case the change would not occupy five minutes and the temperature need not be disturbed in the slightest, as the set of plugs on the telescope could bo substituted for those belonging to the separate relay box in a few seconds. The information gained in regard to the character of the star image from the experiments carried on after the new correcting lens had been installed, which are described below, showed that the effective star disc is practically never less than Plaskett — Astrophysics. 25a— p. 70 Fig. 1.— Transformer, Capacity and Self-induction. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 2 sees, of arc in diameter, equivalent to 0055mm at the focus of our 15 inch, and generally much greater, frequently 0- 075mm. In order to make use of the greater part of the starlight collected by the objective, we must be able to use a slit at least 0-05mm wide in our spectrograph, and, in order to use this width without too much loss of purity or loss of definition of the lines, it is necessary to use a longer collimator, con- sequently of larger aperture, with a larger prism. In the present spectrograph, used with single prism, the practical limit of slit width appears to be about 0- 040mm. If the slit is made wider than this, the lines both star and comparison appear wide and diffuse. However, in the case of early type stars, the experiments on the relative accuracy of different slit widths show that the slit can be made 0 05mm without much loss of accuracy, but the spectra look poor, the lines, especially comparison, appearing diffuse. The camera is of the same focal length as the collimator, 525mm, so that the minimum width of lines is the width of slit. If the length of collimator were increased or the length of camera decreased, leaving all questions of resolution and purity, which have little bearing on early type spectra with single lines, aside, then tho minimum width of line would be decreased in like ratio and consequently the slit width could be correspondingly increased without making the lines more diffuse. Decrease in camera length means decrease of linear dispersion, while increase in collimator length means a larger prism with difficulties in homogeneity and the covering power of the camera objectives. Prof. Frost's experience with large prisms shows the possibility of obtaining good results with 51mm aperture and, as the methods of annealing are certainly no worse now, the chances of homogeneous glass in a prism of that size seem good. It is proposed therefore to make the aperture of the collimator of the new single prism instrument 2 inches (51mms) which makes the focal length 30 inches (762mm). The camera is to be of focal length 18 inches (457mm) and for the same minimum width of line, as is given by slit 0 040 with the present instru- ment, the slit width may be increased to 3%s + 0-40 = 0 -067mm, nearly 70 per cent. While the purity of spectrum thereby produced would be only 5 per cent less than with the present instrument. The experiments on the dimensions of the star image detailed below show that at least 60 per cent more starlight will be transmitted by a slit 0-067 than by a slit 0- 040mm. Against this, however, is to be placed the increased absorption of the larger prism. Considering the transmission along the axis of the pencil, the paths through the glass will be about 57 and 39mm respectively. The percentages of Hy light transmitted, using Vogel's data* are 70 per cent and 78 per cent, respectively. Thus we obtain, after transmission through the prism, a beam of Hy light 44 per cent more intense with the large prism for the same character of spectrum for measurement and only 5 per cent less purity. The linear dispersion is, of course, only 9fths of the original and the measures will consequently be that much less accurate. If we were to make the camera of the same focal length, 21 inches (525 mm.), as in the present spectrograph, the slit could be increased to 0-057 mm., giving the same character of spectrum with an increased transmission of star light of nearly 40 per cent. Considering the increased loss by absorption, the beam of Hy light after transmission through the large prism would be 25 per cent more intense, while the purity of the resulting spectrum would be nearly 5 per cent greater and the linear dispersion the same. There is thus considerable gain in the use of the larger prism, sufficient to com- pensate for the increased size and weight of the spectrograph. The design of the new spectrograph is a somewhat radical departure from that of the previous single prism attachment. As stated in last year's report, flexure was considerable in the single prism instrument owing to the extended form of the truss and its support from one end only. It is proposed in the present design to make the spectrograph proper of * Astrophysical Journal, V. p. 75. 72 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 19T)9 triangular box form of two triangular steel plates fastened together by cross webs about 3 inches wide. The slit will be at one acute (30°) angle of this triangle, the camera at the other and the prism at the obtuse (120°) angle. This box will be self- contained and be supported in a cradle of angle iron at three points, the pressures on these being equalized by counterbalancing levers. By this means flexure, it is hoped, will be entirely overcome and, as the box will be of compact and symmetrical form, accurate temperature control will offer fewer difficulties than in the present type. I am indebted to a design by Dr. Ralph H. Curtiss for the box form of instrument, but the three point support system is new. When this new instrument is constructed, the gain in convenience and saving in time will be considerable, and one can then, if desired, change from high to low dispersion or vice versa if only for one star without loss of time or fear of tempera- ture difficulties. There will be a saving in exposure time over the present form of probably 25 per cent and the spectra will undoubtedly be free from displacements of the lines due to flexure, while any temperature effects will be minimized. The three prism form at present in use gives very satisfactory results, and there does not seem to be any change required in the spectrograph itself. Some improve- ment in the temperature regulation might be effected by applying a fan or some such device for stirring the air within the case to equalize the temperature throughout and prevent stratification, but such will be difficult to adapt on account of the extra weight and possible vibration. The Hartmann-Zeiss ' Chromat ' camera objective gives an almost absolutely flat field over the whole range of spectrum on the plate Hp to Ed, or about 8°, which is about three times that usually obtained in spectrographs. Its focus is 525 mm. aperture 45 mm., giving a linear dispersion of 10-1 tenth-metres per mm. at Hy. With this dispersion, the exposure time required for stars fainter than the fourth magnitude becomes rather long and a shorter focus camera would be very useful. As stated in last year's report, lenses of 375 and 250 mm. focus and 45 mm. aperture were ordered from the John A. Brashear Co., but so far they have not been supplied. One of 375 mm. focus of similar type to the ' Chromat ' is completed but it has not yet reached here. A Ross ' Homocentric ' lens, which had been kindly loaned by Mr. Topley, gave promising results in the preliminary test and consequently one of 10 ins. focus f5-6, of special construction was ordered from Ross. The lens reached here and was tested some time ago, but the result was disappointing. The definition at the centre of the field was excellent, showing a good correction for spherical aberration, but the field was too strongly curved, falling away from the tangent plane upwards of a millimetre at 4° from the axis. The curvature allowable would not be much more than a tenth of a millimetre, and this is what Ross claimed for the lens. Further tests of the lens showed that if the separation of the two elements was increased by 2§ inches, or if the separating mount was made 4J inches long instead of 2i inches, the field became very nearly flat. This increased separation, however, increased the focal length about 15 per cent and, what was worse, destroyed the crispness of definition. The lines, especially the intense ones, developed wings to the red side and consequently the value for spectrographs work was lost. The lens was therefore returned to the makers to see if anything could be done in the way of improvement. An application to Zeiss to supply a ' Chromat ' of shorter focus than 525 mm. resulted in the reply that they could not be successfully made of larger angular aperture than the one supplied. They advised the trial of their Tessar lenses of the required focal length. The loan of a Bausch & Lomb-Zeiss Tessar, Series lib f6-3 of 12 inches focus was kindly effected for me by the Topley studio and a preliminary trial of this lens has recently been made. Failing a suitable mounting, the lens and the plate holder end of the camera were held in temporary supports to enable the test to be made. The lens gives excellent definition, no sign of the wings shown by the separated Ross being evident. The field, although not so flat as that given by the ' Chromat,' has still at REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a the margins not more than about a quarter of millimetre curvature. This may possibly be removed by a slight change in the separation of the elements, which will be determined by a further test, but in any case the lens is quite usable over the range required. This question of suitable camera lenses for spectrographs, lenses which will give accurately measurable spectra over the whole range ordinarily available, Hp to K in single prism work, and Hp to Hg in three prism work, is a very important one, especially in the application of the new method of measurement by the Haxtmann Spectro-Comparator. Up to the present the camera lenses ordinarily employed have given a usable field of only about 2J° or in the three prism spectrographs of about 200 tenth-metres, in single prism instruments of about 600 tenth-metres. The Hartmami-Zeiss ' Chromat ' was a marked advance over previous objectives for three prism work, giving a flat field over the whole range of photographic spectrum and conseqiieutly quadrupling the amount of available material for measurement with the same exposure. The Hastings-Brashear Single Material, which was designed and constructed at my suggestion gives equally good results for single prism work, the field being almost absolutely flat over the whole range of visible spectrum, an actual test having been made from below D to about X 3800, without any sign of curvature, and consequently allowing accurate measurements to be made over the whole range of star spectrum that may be photographed in one exposure. Both of these objectives, however, have an aperture ratio of about f/13 and the former at any rate can not be made of a much greater aperture. It remains to be seen what success will attend the efforts of Messrs. Hastings & Brashear to make shorter focus lenses for three-prism work. Failing these the only hope seems to lie in a photographic or adapted photo- graphic objective for the purpose, and I propose to test every type available. THE NEW CORRECTING LENS. Iii appendix B to my report of last year is given an account of some experiments and measurements determining the aberrations of the original correcting lens and the size and character of the star image given by the system of visual objective with auxiliary photographic corrector. In that appendix I showed that the correcting lens, designed to render our 15-inch visual objective suitable for photographing the spectra of stars, did not give as good an image as it should, that the combination of objective and correcting lens had negative aberration, in other words, that the focus for light coming from the edge of the objective was longer than the focus for light coming from the centre. It was further shown that this was due to the failure of the correcting lens to compensate for the chromatic differences of spherical aberration inherent in the objective. This chromatic difference is a property or defect of all two part objectives of the ordinary glasses and can not be avoided by any combination of curves. Although the objective may be perfectly corrected for spherical aberration with visual light, that is, every zone may bring light to the same focal point, never- theless, when the same objective is used with blue and violet, or photographic light, it has negative aberration, the edge rays have a longer focus than the central rays, and this is the chromatic difference. Besides changing the form of the colour curve of the objective, bringing the centre of the range of photographically active light, about Hy, to a minimum focus instead of A. 5600, the correcting lens should also overcome this chromatic difference, so that the resulting combination would be free from aberration at Hy. As my experiments clearly showed, however, the correcting lens instead of diminishing had slightly increased this aberration and, as a result, the edge rays focussed about 2-5 mm. farther from the objective than the central rays. The diameter of the minimum circle of confusion thereby produced was upwards of 0 04 mm., nearly twice as wide as the normal slit and three times the theoretical diameter of the central diffraction disc. As a result not only is a large percentage of the star light intercepted by the slit jaws and the exposure consequently increased, but, what is in one sense much more serious, the aberration in the star image renders 74 DEPARTVEXT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 it almost impossible to obtain uniform illumination of the collimator and camera lenses by the star light, and introduces a condition which may lead to a systematic displacement of the lines and a consequent error in the resulting velocity. It was furthermore shown, by a comparison of the exposure times required here with those of other installations, that a similar defect probably existed in other spectrograph^ equipments and that an improvement in the Ottawa corrector would point the way to a similar improvement elsewhere. The matter was deemed of sufficient consequence to justify an energetic attempt at the improvement of existing conditions, and, with your hearty co-operation, a new correcting lens was ordered from the J. A. Brashear Co. The results of the investiga- tion of the original corrector had previously been communicated to the Brashear Co. and to Prof. Hastings, who had designed it, and they were urged to do the best they possibly could. Considerable delay ensued before Prof. Hastings completed the computations of the new corrector, partly on account of other duties and partly on account of the care and thought expended to secure the most efficient form. As the difficulty with the original corrector had been ascribed as partly due to its small aperture, about 2-25 inches, the new corrector was enlarged to 4 inches free aperture, effective aperture 3-8 inches, and consequently its position, as the ratio of focal length to aperture of the telescope is 15 to 1, was 15 x 3-8 or 57 inches within the focus. The lens could not be tested during the figuring in the same way as an ordinary lens on account of its requiring to have a stipulated amount of positive aberration to over- come the negative aberration due to the chromatic difference; moreover, it acts almost like a plate and cannot form any image by itself. Owing to the difficulties and delays involved, the objective could not be sent to the opticians to enable the com- bined system to be made free from aberration. Consequently Prof. Hastings devised an ingenious method of obtaining the correct figure without using the ordinary methods of testing. The radii of the surfaces and the thicknesses of the two elements were so computed that, assuming truly spherical surfaces, the system of objective and corrector would be free from aberration at the desired region. Such surfaces can be accurately figured and tested, the concave surfaces at the centre of curvature by the Foncault or knife edge test, and the convex, which are of the same radius as one of the concave, by interference fringes. Although the Brashear Co. did not receive the data from Prof. Hastings until July, they completed the new lens in a very short time, and it was promptly sent to us, being received in the early part of August. Owing to its larger aperture and greater distance from the focus, the old form of mounting would not answer. This consisted of about 20 inches of 3-inch tube, the cell of the correcting lens being screwed in one end and the other sliding in a flanged casting which screwed in the end plate of the telescope. Such a tube for the new corrector would need to be about four feet long, and flexure would be certain to throw it out of collimation. A guide ring, into which this tube would easily slide, was consequently placed about three feet up the telescope tube, held in place there by three radial bolts passing through the latter and screwing into the ring, whose position was adjusted and maintained central by nuts on the outside of the telescope tube. This central position was deter- mined and the exact collimation of the spectrograph tested in the following way : The correcting lens was removed from its cell and replaced by a thin circular metal plate with a hole about J inch in diameter exactly central. A similar plate was placed at each end of the central tube of the spectrograph in which the collimator tube slides, the latter being removed for the purpose. Finally the main objective was removed and a board with a minute central hole through which fine piano wire was threaded was inserted in its place. When the telescope was pointed to the zenith, the wire threaded through these metal plates, and a heavy weight hung on the lower end, it was very easy to obtain the correcting lens cell and the optical axis of the spectrograph exactly collimated. The eye can readily judge whether the wire is RBPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a exactly central in holes of small diameter, those in the ends of the central tube being observed direct, while that in the end of the corrector mounting was observed by the bent guiding telescope. The central position was obtained by adjusting the guiding ling before mentioned and, when once obtained, the adjustment would be permanent. Furthermore the spectrograph itself was exactly collimated by filing one or more of the attaching lugs, so that, when the telescope is pointed at the zenith, the collima- tion is correct. When pointed at any other hour angle or declination, however, flexure of the telescope tube will slightly affect this adjustment. This cannot be avoided, and, as the flexure and consequent departure from collimation will depend on the hour angle and zenith distance, it is evident that adjustment for the zenith is the best mean value obtainable. Having thus ensured that all conditions of mounting were as perfect as possible, I was naturally anxious to determine whether the new lens would fulfil the purpose for which it had been designed, and to this end it was necessary to repeat the tests previously made with the original corrector. I had become so familiarized with the illumination pattern on the collimator lens, as observed through the camera of the spectrograph, that it was felt, as soon as the telescope was pointed at a bright star, it could be at once decided whether the corrector gave a good image. The appearance was, however, disappointing for, although there was a slight improvement over the old lens, the illumination pattern was still very far from being as uniform as it should be, if the image were free from aberration. As soon as possible the actual form of the image was determined, exactly as in the former paper, by Hartmann's method of extra-focal measurements. The mean of a number of such measurements is used and the zonal differences of focus are plotted in curve B, Fig. 2. For comparison the curve for the original B o n n -o o u CfMTRC Fig. 2— Zonal Differences of Focus. 76 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 corrector is reproduced in A. while D gives the differences of focus for the objective used visually. It is evident from a comparison of the curves for the two correcting lenses, that the same trouble exists in the new lens as in the old, for, although there is some slight improvement, it does not yet compensate for the chromatic differences. Its curve, however, is more regular and nearly similar to the visual curve, and this, taken in conjunction with its larger aperture, should allow it to be more readily corrected by refiguring. In actual use, however, it is doubtful whether much improvement would be noticed on account of the greater inclination of the curve at the outer zones, which have the greatest effect in determining the character of the image. This disappointing failure to fulfil the computed results must doubtless be ascribed to the small unavoidable departures of the actual from the computed radii of curvature, thickness, &c, of the elements, which may easily account for the small remaining aberration. Apparently the only chance of improvement is to be sought in refiguring the surfaces to introduce the required amount of positive aberration. A reference to Fig. 2 curve B, shows that if the focus for the edge with respect to the centre be shortened by 1-5 mm. and if the shortening be gradually decreased until a median zone is reached, the image will be as good as desired. As soon as the actual form of image given by the combination was determined, I communicated the data to the J. A. Brashear Co., and asked them the best means of obtaining a better figure. Three methods could have been followed. 1st. To send objective and corrector to Allegheny; 2nd. To have an optician come to Ottawa and do the necessary figuring and testing here; 3rd. To send or take the corrector to Allegheny and have the edge focus shortened by the required amount. The first method is practically barred, on account of the difficulties and delays involved and the loss of the use of the objective for probably a month. Of the other two, Mr. McDowell informed me that he was certain he could readily introduce the required positive aberration, and thought the last method preferable. Therefore, by your kindness I took the corrector to Allegheny, being prepared to make there the Hart- mann tests in addition to the visual tests of Mr. McDowell. On reaching Allegheny on Wednesday, September 18, and talking over with Dr. Brashear and Mr. McDowell the best methods of testing the figure, it was at first proposed to use a spherical mirror with the source of light at the centre of curvature, to insert the corrector 57 inches, the computed distance, within the focus and test the aberration before and after refiguring. By this means, as will be readily seen, the light will pass twice through the lens, once in each direction, thus complicating matters. Moreover, no test could be made by the Hartmann method, as the plate would intercept the light. Further discussion of the matter resulted in an alternative method in which the lens would be tested under nearly the same conditions as those under which it was used. A beam of parallel light was produced by placing an artificial star at the focus of a 6-inch objective. Centrally in this' beam a 4-inch objective of 60 inches focus was placed, and 3 inches behind this, and consequently 57 inches from the focus, the corrector was inserted, thus intercepting a pencil of the same diameter and converg- ency and at the same distance from the focus as when used in its computed position at Ottawa. The image could then be examined at the focus either visually by the Foucaul.t method or photographically by the Hartmann method. A preliminary Foucault or knife-edge test with red monochromatic light, which was used in this test on account of the difficulty of obtaining monochromatic blue, showed that the edge focus of the system of 4-inch objective and corrector was about 0-7 mm. shorter than the focus at the centre. This is an indication, since presumably the 4-inch objective is free from aberration for light of this wave length, that positive aberration to the extent of about 0-7 mm. was present in the corrector. The chromatic difference of the 15-inch objective is about 2 mm., and hence this test REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a showed that the corrector required an increased amount, previously estimated at about 1-5 mm., of positive aberration. A Hartmann test, using photographic light, showed the difference between centre and ,edge to be about 0-2 mm. The difference between this and the visual test of 0-7 mm. is almost exactly that due to the chromatic difference of the 4-inch objective. Thus all the tests were in accord with one another and gave increased confidence in the reliability of each. After a few minutes figuring of the outer concave surface, a visual test showed a difference between centre and edge of about 4 mm, which was considerably too great. However, Mr. McDowell's skill in figuring enabled him at the second trial to get the surface so nearly right that repeated tests by different observers showed the difference from the required amount 2-2 mm., to be indeterminable. A con- firmatory Hartmann test showed the positive aberration present to be about 1-8 mm, 1-6 mm. greater than before figuring. The corrector was therefore considered completed and the short time required to polish, less than five minutes if the time spent in carrying it too far and bringing it back be deducted, is an indication that its failure to fulfil its computed purpose is probably due, as was stated above, to slight deviations of the actual from the computed figures unavoidable in practice. In this connection I wish to express my appreciation of the generous manner in which the John A. Brashear Co. have treated us in this as well as in all other matters, and my admiration of their skill in producing perfect optical surfaces. Immediately upon my return from Allegheny, a Hartmann test was made of the performance of the refigured corrector. Using lantern plates and Capella as in the previous paper, the mean of a number of measures is plotted graphically in curve C, Fig. 2. A comparison of curves C and D shows that the deviations from the mean focus are less with objective and corrector than with objective alone, although this advantage is probably counterbalanced by the greater astigmatism of the former system in the other zone. If Hartmann's criterion ' T ' is computed for objective and corrector, as was done in the previous paper for objective alone with a value of 0-141, it is found to be 0-118, showing the system to be almost perfect so far as zonal aberra- tion is concerned. The small deviation near the centre is of no practical importance owing to the relatively small area and to the narrow convergency of the pencils, and probably arises, as the visual curve shows, in the objective itself. Determinations of the colour curve of objective and corrector for a median zone were made by Hartmann's method and the results are given in Table II and are plotted in Fig. 3. TABLE H. COLOUR CURVES NEW CORRECTOR. Wave Length. 3,900 3,933.. 3,970. 4,035 4,102 . 4,175. 4,250 . 4,342 . 4,415 4,501 4,5'.I0 . 4,fi80 . 4,766 4,861 . 5,050. Normal Position. 75 29 74 80 73 91 73 06 72 65 72 24 7226 7238 72/1 73 15 73 68 74 55 75 22 70 35 76 mm Below | 48 mm above Normal Position. Normal Position. 79 79 78 76 75 75 74 74 74 73 74 74 75 76 77 ■87 •36 ■49 •94 95 78 55 •26 04 •92 ■24 68 ■23 02 56 74 42 73 82 73-05 72 48 7187 7161 71 40 7165 72 04 72 52 73 26 74 05 74 77 75'8"> 77-93 Old Corrector. 50 85 49-97 49 34 48 29 47 -32 46 42 46 11 45 62 45 47 4536 45 69 46-04 4650 46 99 4S85 25a— 9 78 DEPARTMENT OF THE ISTERloi; 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Curve A is for the corrector in its computed position 57 inches above the focus, curve B 59 inches, and curve C 54 inches above the focus, while curve D is for the old corrector. These curves show that the point of minimum focus can be shifted to the red by lowering:, and to the violet by raising the correcting lens, and this Fig. 3— Color Curves. knowledge may be of value if, for any cause, the portion of spectrum under observa- tion were changed. As is to be expected, the colour curves for new and old corrector do not differ appreciably in form. It may be of interest to give some figures showing the exposures required to obtain measurable spectra with the new correcting lens. In the three prism plates, which have been confined to solar type stars, the region measured lies between A 4340 and A. 4580 and the exposure was sufficient to give good intensity over the range. In the single prism plates, the region measured lies between Hp and K, and the exposure was sufficient to allow K to be accurately measured and to shorten up the diffuse H lines, which is, I should estimate, more than twice that required in a solar type star of the same magnitude, around A. 4500. In single prism work, in order to render the spectrum more uniform in intensity, the slit is placed about 2 mm. below the minimum focus, so that star light of wave lengths about A4000 and X4800 is in focus on the slit. REPORT OF TEE CHIEF 4STR0N0MER i9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a Three Prism Spectrograph. Linear Dispersion 10-0 tenth-metres per mm. at Hy Star. Photc. Madge. Slit Width. Exposure. Draper Cat. ri Piscium 5 0 -038 mm. 70 mins. e Cygni 3-85 -030 " 40 " Single Prism Spectrograph. Linear Dispersion 30 tenth-metres per mm. at Hy Star. Photc. Madge. Slit Width. Exposure. t Orionis 3-4 -030 mm. 10 mins. o Andromeda? 3-9 -030 " 25 " . ,/, Orionis 4-6 -035 " 40 " As these figures show, the exposure times required, considering the size of the telescope, are short and compare favourably with those of any installation, although enough data have not yet been secured with the three prism spectrograph to make accurate comparisons possible. If the magnitude of 77 Piscium, which is assigned as 5-02 in the Draper Catalogue, is reliable then a star of the 5th photographic magnitude could be photographed in two hours with a slit -025 mm. wide and linear dispersion of 10 tenth-metres per millimetre, a very efficient performance for a 15-inch objective especially in the generally unfavourable conditions at Ottawa. Again, if the exposures given with the single prism spectrograph be reduced by 50 per cent or more, as would occur were the slit set at the focus for A.4400, and the spectrum made accurately measurable around this region, they would indicate similarly a very efficient condensing system. So far as the data at hand go, they indicate a decrease in the required exposure time with the new corrector of upwards of 30 per cent, and if Table V* of Appendix B of last year's report be reconstructed under these new conditions it would show the relative efficiency of the Ottawa installation to be equal if not superior to that of any other. The successful issue of the attempt to improve the photographic image given by the Ottawa objective and corrector is of value, not only on account of the increase in range and efficiency of the equipment, but also because of the greater freedom from chance of systematic displacement of the lines due to the more uniform illumination of the collimator ensured by an image free from aberration. It is also of value as showing the possibility of obtaining a prac- tically perfect corrector without sending the objective to the optician. Another advantage, so far as this investigation is concerned, is the assurance of having a star image free from aberration as a starting point for a trustworthy investigation into the actual effect of atmospheric disturbances on such an image. Some experiments were made, as recounted in the previous paper, on the effective diameter of the star image, but, owing to the aberrations present in the old corrector, the results obtained only gave the combined effect of aberration and atmospheric tremor. Since the former has been removed, a repetition of the experiments should give an accurate knowledge of the effect of the latter. Newall has already givenf, principally from theoretical considerations, a very valuable discussion of the effect of such an enlarged image on the design of spectrographs, and it seemed to me that a description of some experiments bearing on the same point, with the conclusions reached, would also be of value. Newall considers the effective star image to be composed of a central ' core,' as he calls it, surrounded by a more diffuse ' tremor •Since the Table referred to was published, Mr. V. M. Slipher has informed me that the exposure times assigned to the Lowell equipment were too large. They were taken from his paper on Standard Velocity Stars, but Mr. Slipher states that the early plates were not only overexposed but that the spectrum was made much wider than necessary. Under R'ich conditions the Lowell equipment would make a much more favourable showing. tM. N. LXV., p. 608. 25a— 9i 80 DEPART1IEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 disc ' and calculates on such an assumption the quantity of light transmitted by slits of different widths for different diameters of core and tremor disc. I shall attempt to show how the percentage of light transmitted may be determined experimentally, and obtain from that and other experiments some conception of the form and dimensions of the star image. If one examines the visual star image in a telescope by an eye-piece of moderate power, it cannot escape notice that the image is not stationary, that it is displaced in all directions from its mean position and moreover that the central diffraction disc is frequently expanded in a greater or less degree. The light in the bright rings surrounding the central disc together with these two phenomena due entirely to atmospheric effects may be assigned as the cause for the enlargement over theoretical dimensions of the star image on a negative. The effects are all summed up in the resultant image, very much increasing its diameter over that due to the central disc alone. As a test of this hypothesis, stars of different magnitudes were photographed, a number of different exposures being given to each star. The diameter of the images varied from 0-050 mm. equivalent to l"-8 for a faint star with short exposure to 0-130 mm. or 4"-7 for a bright star with medium exposure. A number of these images of moderate exposure had a central nucleus of about 2" diameter, surrounded by an outlying penumbral portion some 3" or 4" in diameter. The diameter and intensity of this penumbra increased with increase of exposure, until in the longer exposures on bright stars its intensity became equal to the nucleus, resulting in the largely increased diameter noticed. Photographs of Capella on lantern plates with exposures from 10 to 40 sees, gave images of diameters from 013 to 017 mm., or from 4"-5 to 6", and these images differed from those of shorter exposure on fainter stars by being more sharply defined at the margins and of uniform intensity throughout. The minimum effective diameter of star image seems, therefore, to be in the neighbourhood of 2", though this will evidently vary with the conditions of seeing. The diameter remains nearly the same for a considerable range of exposure, and then begins to increase until it reaches about 6", although part of this may be due to the spreading of the light in the film or to halation. If the star- be allowed to trail on the plate, the width of trail will give us a measure of the effective diameter of the image, and its appearance some idea of its character. The trails in every case, even in good seeing, were broken and jagged, showing the dancing of the image previously referred to. The enlargement or blurring is shown by the widths of the trails, which, for a third magnitude star on a lantern plate, ranged, even in the narrowest short parts, from 0-035 to 0-048 mm., or from l"-25 to l"-7 upwards of twice the diameter of the central disc. For Capella the widths were from 0050 to O-0G5 mm., l"-8 to 2"-3. If the microscope wires were set tangent to a longer strip of the trail, the above figures were increased about 30 per cent. For the old corrector the widths ranged from 0-070 to 0-110 mm., practically twice as great as with the refigured lens. The widths of star spectra made under different conditions of exposure and focus were also measured and ranged from 0048 to 0-110 mm. In order to prevent any widening due to drift in right ascension, the spectrograph was turned in position until the slit was parallel to an hour circle. As the focal lengths of collimator and camera are equal, the widths obtained give a measure of the effective diameter of the star image. The star used was Vega, which was chosen for two reasons, the shortness of exposure required ensuring freedom from possibility of drift, and the type of spectrum rendering it certain that the full width was obtained. Similar experiments with solar type stars showed that the discontinuous nature of the spectrum rendered it apparently much narrower. It will be of interest here to give a table showing the increase of width with increase of exposure. REPORT OF THE CBIEF ASTRONOMER 81 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a TABLE III. Exposure. Width. Diameter ii sees. mm. 5 0-048 1-7 10 0-049 1-7 15 0-060 2-2 20 0-075 2-7 30 0-086 3-1 45 0-095 3-5 90 0-110 4-0 The above figures show how the outlying parts of the ' tremor disc,' which has a 'core' of about l"-7 diameter, increase the width of the spectrum when the exposure is sufficiently prolonged to allow them to act on the plate. With the old corrector the widths ranged from 0-085 to 0-115 mm., considerably wider than those given above. The above experiments indicate that Newall's hypothesis in regard to the character and dimensions of the star image is in close agreement with the observed facts. The dimensions seem to point to a tremor disc about 5" diameter, with a core 2". If the proportions of the light, transmitted by slits of different widths on which such an image is incident, be computed, and if we obtain, exactly as was done before, the proportional exposures required to obtain spectra of equal intensity over the same range of slit-width, a comparison of the two should show whether the assumption made is justified. In any case the experiment will show the actual loss at the slit, and this will be of value as indicating the direction in which improvement may be reached. Three stars were used in this test, Vega, Capella and y Cygni, and the spectra were made of the usual width, the greatest possible care being taken to ensure uniform exposure over that width in order that they cotdd be accurately compared. The exposures were so regulated as to obtain as nearly as possible equal intensity. Thus, neglecting plate factors which, within the limits of exposure time and intensity used, will not appreciably affect the result, a direct estimate of the percentage of light transmitted is obtained. The mean of a number of tests gives figures according to the following table; the seeing during these tests being slightly above the average. TABLE IV. SLIT TRANSMISSION. Slit Width. Comparative times for equal intensity. of spectrum Divs. Mm. Sees. Observed. Eliminating diffraction. Computed r=5"7 = 2'' 1 025 1150 075 100 125 150 200 0 91 1-82 2 73 3' 64 4 55 5 45 7-27 ■ 100 40 27 25 23 23 23 100 50 35 32 29 29 29 100 2 54 3 39 4 5 34 31 6 8 31 31 82 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 In the above table the fourth column gives the observed times for equal intensities of spectrum, while the fifth is the same with a correction for diffractional losses in the collimator with the narrower slit widths. The sixth column is computed on the basis of ^Newall's hypothesis for a tremor disc 5" diameter with a core of 2". The computed percentages are slightly higher than the observed, indicating that the actual image is probably somewhat larger than the dimensions chosen for the com- puted one. It must be remembered, however, that these figures are approximate only, the nature of the test not permitting determinations closer than 5 per cent. More- over, a change in the steadiness of the air would change the observed figures very considerably, the effect of poorer seeing being to increase the diameter of the tremor di-c and core, and consequently diminish the silt transmission. All the experiments on the diameter of images, widths of trails and spectra, and loss of light at the slit, indicate a form of star image which is of about the same dimensions and character as that supposed by Newall, and we may, with confidence, consider that the actual effective image of a star given on the slit plate is very much larger than has generally been supposed. Moreover, as the zonal tests have shown that the condensing system is free from aberration and the image almost perfect, the enlargement must be due to atmospheric disturbance of the wave fronts and can not be overcome by any optical system. As a result, with a slit of normal width • 025 mm., only 30 per cent or less of the light collected by a 15-inch objective can be transmitted. This difficulty is much more serious with objectives of longer focus, as the image is probably enlarged proportionally. Indeed, Wright's tests* show that the Mills spectrograph only makes use of about 12 per cent of the light collected by the 36-inch telescope, and this in the unequalled atmospheric conditions of Mt. Hamilton. Part of the advantage of increase of aperture is thus lost by the con- sequent increase in the effective diameter of the image. The only means of diminishing this loss lies in using wider slits in our spectrographs. For example, a slit -05 mm. wide with the 15-inch objective would transmit about 55 per cent of the incident light, while a slit -075 mm. wide nearly 80 per cent. Unfortunately wider slits mean diminished purity and loss of accuracy, although, as is shown in the investigation below, the probable error of radial velocity determinations in early type stars by no means increases proportionately with the increase of slit width. These results also indicate the importance of using as large a collimator aperture as is consistent with homogeneous prisms, the consequent longer focus allowing increased slit width with equal purity. The question of spectrograph design, however, has been shortly discussed under the sub-heading ' The Spectrograph,' and nothing further need be added here. MEASUREMENT AND REDUCTION OF STELLAR SPECTRA. Measuring Machines. All the spectra made here, with the exception of a few for which the Zeiss Scale Comparator was employed, have been measured on the Toepfer Measuring Microscope Model II. Continued use of this machine has confirmed the good opinion previously formed of its accuracy and convenience. Besides obtaining an extra objective of medium power over a year ago, two oculars of longer focus than the one originally supplied have recently been obtained and one of these is now constantly in use. The cross wires in the field are thereby made apparently narrower and, when a higher power objective is used (the power of the whole microscope not necessarily being changed) they do not cover up so much of the finer star or comparison lines so that more accurate settings can be made. A second improvement, which will be applied as soon as Mr. Mackey has time to make it, is an additional slide for adjusting and setting the negatives without running the main carriage backwards and forwards by •Publications of I.ick Observatory, Vol. IX., Part 3. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 83 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a means of the screw. This will be more convenient, will allow any line of the negative to be set at any desired micrometer reading, and will prevent unnecessary wear of the screw. Special stands with covers for the instruments when not in use are being made both for the Toepfer machine and for the Hartmann-Zeiss Spectro-Comparator which has just arrived. An ordinary table is somewhat too high, and the stands are being made of suitable height and of such dimensions as will conveniently hold the machine and a pad for entering the readings. Besides being more convenient in use and avoiding replacing the machine in the box when the measurement is completed, considerable space will be saved. The Spectrcx-Comparator, in which the radial velocities are determined by directly comparing the displacement of the star lines with the corresponding lines of a standard or fundamental spectrum and in which consequently no knowledge of wave length is required, seems a very workmanlike and accurate instrument, but has not yet been placed in regular use. Consequently, a description of the instrument and of the method of measurement may preferably be deferred to the next report. Undoubtedly this machine will be of special value in the measurements of spectra rich in lines (of the solar and allied types) whether taken with high or low dispersion, and for these a marked saving in time as well as increase in accuracy will be obtained by its use. For spectra with few lines, especially where these are diffuse, the method usually followed of making linear measurements of the star and comparison lines and reducing to wave lengths by an interpolation formula, or obtaining the displacement directly by the use of suitable tables as is now done here will be found preferable. Consequently, each machine will have its own field for which it is best adapted, and the measurement may be suitably divided between them. Method of Measurement. In measuring a spectrogram by the Toepfer microscope, the method first adopted has since been followed almost without change, and may be again shortly described. The carriage having been moved to the middle of its range, micrometer reading 50-0, the negative is fastened on the plate glass top by spring clips with the red end of the spectrum to the left and the Fe line X 4415, which is at minimum deviation, centrally under the wire. By moving the carriage back and forward, the spectrum may be oriented by the tangent screw provided until it is parallel to the direction of motion. The carriage is then moved to the right until the part of the spectrum where measure- ment is to begin is reached. This is, in the single prism plates, usually the com- parison line X 4864. The micrometer readings therefore diminish with the wave lengths, thus avoiding negative signs in the interpolation formula. On each star line 4 settings are made, 2 with forward, 2 with backward rotation of the screw. On each comparison Hue similarly 4 settings are made, one forward and one backward on each of the portions above and below the star spectrum. When this half of the measure- ment is completed, the plate is reversed so that the red end is to the right and the process repeated. Each measure in the second position is subtracted from a suitable number, (generally about the sum of the two measures of a line) and the final micrometer reading determined from the mean of the eight settings. This reversal of the plate is always necessary to overcome the difference in the settings on the dark comparison and light star lines in the two positions. With myself this difference, especially in the case of diffuse star lines is considerable, while with Mr. Harper the differences are always small. Comparisons show, however, that, after reversal, the final values obtained are practically the same for both observers. The probable error of a single setting on a good comparison line will certainly not exceed -002 revolution or -001 mm., and on a good star line will be somewhat less than this, while the probable error of the mean in each position of the plate will only be half the above. The probable errors, as deduced from the final velocity values for 84 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 the star lines, will be considerably greater than above, the ratio depending on the character of the spectrum and on the dispersion of the spectrograph as affecting the resolution of blends whose effective wave length is uncertain. Reduction of Stellar Spectra. So far as the spectra produced by the single prism spectrograph are concerned, the method of reduction described in last year's report based upon that devised by Hartmann* has been followed exclusively. It has been found very satisfactory, both the time and labour required being reduced to a minimum. There has since appeared * a method by Dr. Schlesinger on a somewhat similar plan, but without any apparent advantage over the former. Indeed, after the tables of micrometer readings for star and comparison lines have once been computed the reduction by the former method is slightly simpler and equally accurate. The Hartmann method has since been applied to plates made with the three prism spectrograph using the Hartmann-Zeiss ' Chromat ' camera objective of 528 mm. focus giving a linear dispersion at Hy of about 10 tenth-metres to the mm. Measures were made as before of a number of comparison (Fe, V spark) spectra at 3 different temperatures ( + 15-9° +21-1° +26-8°C). From standard lines chosen at different places in these spectra, using the complete Hartmann formula c s»~s= 7 TTa> ^r- F. W. O. Werry, who has ably performed all the computation (A~ AoJ required in this work, determined sets of constants for values of a between 0-5 and 1-0 by steps of 0-1. Using these constants the residuals obtained by subtracting the observed from the computed micrometer readings of the lines measured were compared. It was found that the residuals were the smallest when a = 0-5, and that they were on the whole the most satisfactory when the three chosen standards were near the middle of the range of spectrum measured. Thus the residuals for the standards A4494-755, 4315-255, 4199-256 were more satisfactory than when the lines A 4864-945, 4395-382, 4099-920 were used as standards. Consequently, constants for the three temperatures were computed, taking a = 0-5 and using the lines A 4494, 4315 and 4199 as standards. These are tabulated below with the corresponding micrometer readings. TABLE OF CONSTANTS. Temp. C 44114-755 4315 255 4199 256 So logo Xo 15-9 21 1 26 8 163 4019 163 3790 163 3965 130 9354 130 8597 130 8390 104 8351 104-7296 104 6593 537 9128 539 2839 538 5569 4-1078875 4-10! 20 41084358 3322 975 3320 806 3324 076 As in the similar work with the single prism, there is a general progression which is more clearly shown by some measurements later made at lower temperatures. These indicate that in the plate at 21-1° temperature there is some cause, possibly inaccurate camera focus (a change of 0-1 mm. would easily account for the difference), rendering its values discrepant, and it was therefore not considered in determining •A. N. No. 3703. l Publications Allegheny Observatory, Vol. 1, No. 2. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 85 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a the arbitrary values of the s's and the ratios between them chosen for the six temperatures -20°, -10°, 0°, +10°, +20°, +30°, for which tables were computed. The differences of the s's and the log -'- -2 are given below for four temperatures. s. - s. Temp. C »1 — «-2 .«■> — s3 Sj — s5 Log8' '2 •s' 1 S 3 99.... 15 'i 32 4025 324665 32 5193 32 5575 26-0247 26-1003 26-1302 26-1797 58 4272 58 5668 58 6495 5-S7372 9 74396 9-74378 21 1 2(>'S 9 74387 9 74373 From experience with the working of the single prism tables, where the change of the ratio of s, - sa to s1 - s, was made a little too gTeat, the increment to be added to the logarithm of this ratio for each 10° change of temperature was made 5 in the last place and the logarithm was taken as 9-74395 for 0°C. The value of s.-s,, for 10° was chosen as 58-4500 and its change was made -1800 for every 10°. In order to bring the line A 4415-293, the line at minimum deviation, as close as possible to micrometer reading 150 0000 the values of s, were chosen as given below and the final tables show, by the close agreement of the computed micrometer reading for the line A 4415 -293 with 150, that these values were nearly correct. ARBITRARY VALUES CHOSEN. Temp. C. j»j &3 log — &i s3 »1— s2 $•2 a3 Si —10 57-9100 58 0900 58-2700 58 4500 58 6300 58 8100 9 74405 9 74400 9-74395 9 74390 9 74385 9 74380 32 1221 32 2182 32.3143 32 4104 32 5065 32 6025 25-7879 25 8718 25 9557 26 0396 26 1235 26 2075 163 2480 163 2860 0 163 3240 + 10 .... + 20 .. 163 3C20 163 4000 + 30 163 4380 Prom the above table the values of s2 and s3 were readily obtained by subtraction, and the values of the constants as computed by Mr. Werry are given in the next table. CONSTANTS. Temp. C. —20.. —10. 0.. + 10.. + 20.. + 30.. 4494755 4315255 4194256. *1 8fl »3 163 2480 131 1259 105 3380 163 2860 131 0678 105 I960 163 3240 131 0097 105 0540 163 3620 130 9516 104 9120 163-4000 130 8935 104-7700 163 4380 130 8355 104 6280 536 0670 536 7883 537 5152 538 2138 538 9429 539-6538 Log c. 1070976 1076707 Hisu:,:::; 1087884 1093742 1099295 3316 609 3317 813 3318 993 3320-242 3321 400 3322 600 Using these constants the micrometer readings corresponding to all the wave lengths used, both star and comparison, were computed for each temperature and 86 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 tables formed as in single prism work. The velocity values of one revolution of the micrometer screw are also required and these are readily obtained by differentiating the interpolation formula and applying Doppler's principle. s„- s = c (A-A.)" cd\ and v = 299860- -X A v = 299S60- 2(A--\,V'-* A e The tables formed as described are used in reducing the three prism plates in exactly the same way as described in the last report for the single prism plates and effect an equal saving of time and labour with the former. The corrections for curvature of the spectral lines and for the diurnal and annual motions of the earth are applied in the usual way and no description of them is necessary here. EFFECT OF SLIT WIDTH. The experiments on the effective dimensions of the star image, given under ' New Correcting Lens ' above, showed the importance of using as wide a slit as is consistent with accuracy in velocity determinations. Every spectroscopist has observed how wide and diffuse the lines of both emission and sharp absorption spectra become when the slit is made say -075 mm. wide, and indeed the gradual increase in diffuseness is noticeable as the slit is widened from say 02 mm. This increase is not so marked when the focal length of the collimator is considerably greater than that of the camera, as the width of the image of the slit is evidently reduced in proportion to the ratio of camera to collimator. When camera and collimator are of the same focal length, the image of the slit is of the same width as the slit, whereas if, for example, the camera is only half the focal length of the collimator tha image of the slit is only half as wide as the slit itself. Consequently, in the latter case, the diffuseness of the lines is not so obtrusive. It becomes a question of much interest to what extent the accuracy of velocity determinations is diminished by an increase in slit width. This can only be deter- mined by actual experiment, by making exposures on suitable stars at the different slit widths and measuring and reducing fhe spectra. In order to obtain results of value, there must be a sufficient number of measurements at each slit width to prevent accidental discrepancies of some lines or plates from appreciably affecting the final result or influencing the conclusions drawn from these results. As the labour involved in measuring and reducing spectra is considerable this number at each slit width was limited to six, although it was felt that double the number would be preferable. Evidently the loss of accuracy occurring as the slit is widened may be due to two causes: 1. The diffuseness of the lines of a spectrum will diminish the accuracy of setting on the individual lines, will increase the accidental errors and the residuals from the separate lines, and consequently also the probable error of the mean. 2. A systematic displacement of the star lines with respect to the comparison lines, result- ing in an error in the velocity, may occur when the slit becomes wider than the diameter of the image owing to its unsymmetrioal position with respect to the slit jaws. These two sources of error are in one sense entirely independent of each other. The former may easily be evaluated independently of the latter by treating the residuals from a sufficient number of measurements of star lines on a number of REPORT OF TEE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 87 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a plates, these residuals being obtained for each plate from the mean velocity for that plate. The effect of the latter can only be obtained from such a number of complete velocity determinations that the systematic displacements may be considered accidental. In considering errors from the first cause, it is necessary to limit the conditions so that only errors of setting will occur, and no error due to lack of resolution will be a factor. This is, of course, easy enough to do by limiting the stars observed to those of the early types, where all the lines are single and no question of the wave lengths of blends will occur. This presupposes the method of measurement to be that usually followed, linear measures of the positions of star and comparison lines along the spectrum and reduction to wave lengths by an interpolation formula. However, if two similar spectra of the same resolution even if rich in lines and blends are compared by the spectro-comparator, questions of wave length are eliminated and only, as before, the accidental errors of setting of the groups of lines remain. It was felt, however, that the comparison would be more direct, that only errors of setting due to increase in diffuseness and width would occur if the experiments were limited to stars of one type containing only a limited number of single lines so separated that, in no case, could adjacent lines merge into one another as the slit widened. Furthermore, in early type stars the lines are frequently diffuse and difficult to set upon, rendering the velocity determination uncertain to a considerably greater extent than with second type stars. Where very accurate determinations are not possible in any case, a slightly increased probable error may be permitted more readily than where, with ordinary observing conditions, reliable and accurate velocities can be obtained. ■ To further shorten the labour involved the experiments were confined to one star and /? Orionis was chosen as being on the whole the most suitable. The character of its spectrum, containing a number of single lines only moderately sharp, is such as to make the test as general as possible, combining, so far as may be, both sharp and diffuse lines. Its brightness renders only short exposures necessary, although, as will be seen later, this may not be advantageous so far as systematic displacements are concerned. As mentioned above, six spectra were obtained and measured for each slit width tested, at three different dispersions of the new spectrograph, making in all 66 measures. Of these measures 18 were made by Mr. Harper, the balance by myself. As about 15 lines, star and comparison, were measured in each spectrum and eight settings were made on each line, this means nearly 8,000 settings of the micrometer screw. The three dispersions used were as follows. Collimator focus in all cases 525 mm. I a) Single prism spectrograph, Brashear single material camera objective, 525 mm. focus. Linear dispersion at fly 30-2 tenth-metres per millimetre. i'O Three prism spectrograph, Hartmann-Zeiss 'Chromat' camera objective, 525 mm. focus. Linear dispersion at fly 10-2 tenth-metres per millimetre. (c) Three prism spectrograph, Eoss special ' Homocentric ' camera objective, about 275 mm. focus. Linear dispersion at fly 18-2 tenth-metres per millimetre. With dispersions a and b four different slit widths 0-025, 0038, 0051 and 0-076 mm. were tested, while with dispersion c, only three 0-025, 0-051 and 0-076 mm. The Eoss lens was not free from curvature of field and aberration and moreover, as only a temporary mounting was used, no temperature control could be applied. However, care was taken to make the exposures only when the temperature in the dome had reached a steady state, and, as the exposures were short, only five minutes for slit •025 mm. and the comparison applied three times, the danger of systematic displace- ment due to changes of temperature is probably not great. Nevertheless this, along with possible discrepancies due to the aberration of the lens, causes somewhat less confidence to be placed in the results from dispersion c than from the others, and also led to the omission of plates for slit width 0 038 mm. from this set. 88 DEPARTMENT OF THE 1XTERI0R 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 The desire to test the effect of increased slit width, when the ratio of collimator to camera focus was. as in this case, nearly two to one (in dispersions a and b the focal lengths of collimator and camera are eqiial) led to the use of this imperfect lens. The test will be repeated when a better one can be obtained. The spectra given with dispersion c for wide slits 0-051 and 0-076 mm. certainly look to the eye much sharper than those obtained with the same slit with dispersions a and b, but the measures and comparison of the measures must be the final test, making allowance for the character of the short focus lens and the lack of tem- perature control. The time of exposure required is much diminished as the slit is widened, indeed it is nearly inversely proportional to the width. The table below gives the mean times required to give equal intensity of spectrum. Exposure Times for Slit. Camera -025 -038 -051 -076 mm. I L 150" 90" 60" 45" in S 5' ... 3' 2' III L 14' 10' 8' 5' This indicates how much saving of time would be effected could the slit be opened to a greater width than usually employed. Iu the measurement of these 66 plates, the same lines both star and comparison were used in all plates of the same dispersion, although the star lines employed changed as the dispersion changed. This was due to a longer range of spectrum in the single prism spectrograph, and to differences in the best lines available with the different dispersions. The lines Hp, A 4861-527, Mg A 4481-400, He A 4471-676 and Hy A. 4340-634 were measured in all the spectra. In addition in the single prism plates the lines Hs A 4102-000, He A 4026-352 and Ca 3933-825 were also measured. In the three prism plates with Boss Camera Objective (short focus) the lines Si A 4131-047, Si A 4128-211 and Hi were measured. In some of the three prism plates with Zeiss ' Chromat ' Camera Objective the same lines also including He A 4388-100 were measured, while in others only the first four mentioned and He A 4388-100. All the measurements were reduced to velocities by Hartmann's method already described. As mentioned previously, tables have been constructed for dispersions (a) and (b) and these were used direct. For dispersion (c) constants of an interpola- tion formula were computed for one plate, and from these were calculated the micrometer readings corresponding to the wave lengths of the comparison and star lines used with, for the latter, the velocities in kilometres per second per revolution of the micrometer screw. Hence, as all the plates were taken at the same temperature, the others were readily reduced from the one first used. It has not seemed necessary to give the detailed measures of each plate in this case, but only to tabulate the velocities corresponding to each star line measured. The six plates for each slit width with each dispersion are grouped together making 11 sets of six plates each. Each line has been weighted according to its quality, and the weighted mean in every case is used. Below the separate measures is given the weighted mean of the plate for the different grouping of lines employed in obtaining residuals and probable errors. In this way one can much more readily compare the results from each line and each plate, also the results from sets of plates, than if the measure of each plate was tabulated by itself. The residuals from the lines can also be readily obtained and tabulated or treated in any desired way. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a SINGLE PRISM, CAMERA 525 MM. FOCUS. Slit 0 025 mm. Plate No. Wave-Length. 1241a. Wt 4861 4481 4471 4340 4102 4026 3933 527 .ffg . 400 Mil. 676 Hr . 634 Hy . 000 h5 352 H, . 825 Co. . Wt'd. Mean. All Lines . Three Lines . Vel. 1241b. Wt. 34 40 53 35 34 49 39 10 81 ■54 ■28 40 17 ■37 72 ■40 4164 Vel. ■48 •28 ■54 ■41 •33 •76 09 37-28 39 23 1241c. Wt, V, ]. 30 04 5156 52 S3 35411 36 10 40 69 43.89 1242a. Wt 40 65 43 74 Vel. 40 40 47 36 31 50 43 4182 42 03 20 71 •00 •53 33 si; 14 1212k Wt. Vel. 38-02 43 76 .Mi 75 11-34 26 99 45 10 39 40 40 54 44 22 1242c. Wt. Vel. •99 ■61 •55 ■97 •94 ■59 14 37 34 37 98 Slit0 03Smin. Plate No. 1243a. 1243b. 1243c. 1244a. 1244b. 1244c. Wave-Length. Wt. 4 3 2 3 2 4 1 Vel. 26 56 42- 12 36 94 3893 27 86 43 46 42 39 Wt. Vel. Wt. 1 2 2 3 2 1 2 Vel. Wt. 1 3 2 3 2 4 l Vel. 26 99 4120 43 11 44 25 32 55 54 S5 51 01 Wt. Vel. Wt. 1 2 2 3 2 1 1 Vel. 4861 527. 4481400 4471676. 4340 634. 4102 000 4026 352. 3933 825. 1 2 2 3 14 l 14 14 07 46 04 46 43 35 80 28-21 37 11 36 40 30 48 34 76 48 26 45 19 30 03 41 02 40 30 1 3 2 3 2' 1 1 8-86 33 61 36 25 35 07 23 08 33 85 42 24 33 98 45 11 49 97 41 02 35 84 41 83 39 77 W All Lines . . Three Lines . . 37 51 36'70 39 52 41 05 31 51 4166 Mean. 39-63 4 176 4 3 09 4 282 3 482 4 475 90 DEPARTMENT OF THE ISTElllOB 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 19C3 SINGLE PRISM. CAMERA 525 mm. FOCUS. Slit 0051 . Plate No. 1245a. 1215b. 1246c. 1240a. 1249b. 1249c. Wave-Length. Wt. 1 3 2 3 2 1 Vel. Wt. i 3 2 3 2 1 i Vel. Wt. Vel. Wt.j Vel. 1 2061 3 33 i'i : 2 33 90 3 30 37 2 31-33 2 4S 34 2 43 89 35 10 Wt. h 'J 2 3 2 1 1 Vel. Wt. Vel. 4861527. 4481400. 4471676 4340-634. 4102000. 4026352 3933 825. 32 22 45 12 .46-64 39 24 3150 45 90 493 4327 38 63 37.89 20 57 3711 40 15 1 3 o 3 2 i i 24 96 38 67 4197 3684 2607 41-42 43 14 46 00 3:. 22 S9 11 30 58 26 56 40 39 37 15 1 ] 2 2 3 2 1 1 2206 39 36 51-57 38 93 23 35 10 38 4202 Wtd . All Lines. . . Three Lines... 40 01 3511 36 32 34 7!l 37-62 Mean. 43 27 40 07 3881 32-35 34 3 1 42 00 Slit 0 076 Plate No. 1247a. 1247b. 1247c. 1248a. 1248b. 124s . Wave-Length. Wt. Vel. Wt. 1 3 2 3 2 i 1 Vel. Wt. 1 3 2 3 -i 1 1 Vel. Wt Vel. Wt. 1 1 1 3 2 I 1 Vel. 12-63 s 17 27 10 28-49 26 12 33 12 50 6? Wt. 1 2 2 3 2 1 1 Vel. 4861 4481 4471 4340 4102 402G 3933 527 400 676... 034 000.. 352. . 825 1 3 2 2 H i 1 20 61 5064 37 40 34 13 33 07 60 38 4S24 33 50 61 41 20 27 53 67 29 06 43 74 99 95 16 40 41 31 42 25 53 25 28 51 S3 44 96 4S 2 1 3 2 2 1 49 24 22 36 29 45 59 78 28 53 32 10 08 99 58- 12 53 75 ."•2 3 1 32 7.4 37 Wtd. All Line*. . 4034 43 17 37 12 35 95 20 01 49 77 Mea 1- Tl I n in e es . . 42 14 4 9-66 37 42 3o 01 24 15 5451 REl'OHT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 91 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a THREE PRISM, CAMERA 525 mm. FOCUS. Slit 0025. Plate No. Wave-Length. 4861 4481 527.'. 400 4471 4388 4340 676 100 634 4131 41 -m 047 211 4102 000 Wt'd. Mean. Four Lines . Three Lines . 1405. Wt. Vel. 1 35- 2 52- l* 52' l 54' 2 44 * 51- J 41 1 30 •59 05 00 •44 ■48 •52 •67 •55 fin us 1406. Wt. 1 2 li l n i i i Vel. 49-28 49-72 49 -58 1407. Wt. Vel. •55 •96 •98 04 •66 05 •23 ■65 1408. Wt. Vel. 45 96 37 47 54 54 49 52 47 36 51 ■ 16 1409. Wt. Vel. 34 51- 58- 64 51- 49- 47 i| 39- 53 50 46-72 50 15 53-25 1410. Wt. 02 1 35- •39 2 49- •30 n 47- ■89 i 45- ■33 2 47 09 i 44- ■85 i 53 •61 * 35- Vel. V36 >S1 1-91 513 r-82 1-56 ?-58 508 48-28 48 57 Slit 0 038. Plate No. 1411. 1412. 1413. 1414. 1420. 1432. Wave-Length. Wt. Vel. Wt. Vel. Wt. 1 Vel. 32 15 Wt, i Vel. 35 53 Wt. 1 Vel. 44 56 Wt. Vel. 4861527 1 25 63 i 54 17 1 65 19 4481400 3 48 95 3 49 60 3 52 83 3 50 02 3 47-75 3 43 94 4471 -670 4 52 94 f 55 18 4 50 73 2 53 38 45 20 43 27 2 1 38-25 39 92 4388100 49 16 1 39 44 44 24 i 34 03 i 4340 634. 2 45 64 2 46 06 2 54 50 9 54 40 H 44 02 2 52.56 Wt'd. Mean. Four Lines . . Three Lines . . 48-87 48-85 48 84 50 18 52-24 52 86 51 02 52 23 45 90 46 10 4417 44-78 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 THREE PRISM, CAMERA 525 mm. FOCUS. Slit 0-051. Plate No. 1426. 1427. 1428. 1429. 1430. 431. Wave- Length. Wt. 1 2 14 1 1* Vel. 45-15 40 35 43 98 33 96 49 05 Wt. 1 2 1 4 2 Vel. 49 46 41 09 46 35 33 20 50 45 Wt. 1 2 14 4 - Vel. Wt. Vel. Wt. Vel. Wt. 1 2 14 4 2 Vel. 4861527. 4481400 4471-676. 4388- 100 4340 634. 58 14 40 01 44 80 38 62 47 47 1 2 1 2 Hi 14 42 21 48-89 46 25 46 06 1 2 14 4 n 45 96 41 ■ 17 45 41 33 52 45 18 47 36 40 14 37 84 3322 50 81 42-72 Wt'd. Four Lines . Three Lines.. 13 14 14 05 44 73 13 58 14 03 45 56 42 54 Mean. 45-89 15-43 43 64 : 43 39 Slit 0-076. Plate No. 1433. 1434. 1435. L436. 1437. 1438. Wave-Length. Wt. 1 2 14 4 2 Vel. 48 30 4184 43 16 39 92 42 23 Wt. 1 2 1 4 l Vel. 36 76 40 76 51 30 45 32 4588 Wt. 1 2 1 4 14 Vel. 47 60 38 15 43 32 29 79 42 93 Wt. Vel. Wt. 1 14 1 4 2 . Vel. 33 03 41 17 44 39 47 63 44 83 Wt. Vel. 4861-527... 1 2 14 4 14 42 17 39-60 37 68 2390 49 40 1 14 1 4 14 40 37 4481400. 4471676. 4388 100. 4340 634. 40 54 47 46 26 10 44 48 Wt'd. Four Lines . Three Lines.. 42 14 44 75 39 78 40 32 43 92 4180 Mean. 42 34 44-68 40 89 4196 43 51 43 75 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a THREE PRISM, CAMERA 275 mm. FOCUS. Slit 0 025. Plate No. 1285a. 1285b. 1285c. 1286a. 1286b. 1286c. Wave-Length. Wt. i 2 14 14 l l l Vel. 12 30 35 17 39-88 32 61 33 79 38-41 28-87 Wt. 1 2 1 14 4 4 l Vel. 13 74 3188 5153 42 20 47 52 40 68 32 26 Wt. 1 2 2 14 1 1 Vel. 43 11 3143 4462 42 83 39 32 40 41 19 25 Wt. Vel. Wt. 4 2 14 14 l l 14 Vel. 14 41 41 16 39 21 36 50 36 87 36 29 25 85 Wt. 1 2 2 2 14 l l Vel. 4861527 4481400 4471 676 4340 634. 4131 047. 4128-211. 4102-000. 1 2 2 14 l 4 l 40 89 42 73 43 36 38 69 35 63 38-68 33-31 15 84 44 90 46 68 43 02 43 50 38 57 19-52 All Lines. . Five Lines . . Three Lines. . 33 68 35 90 35 83 40 49 36 79 39 03 3500 38 89 4388 Wt'd. Mean . 39 48 40 74 38 13 35 82 39 69 39 34 1 41 76 39 19 44-87 - 25a— 10 94 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 THREE PRISM, CAMERA 275 mm. F CtTS. Slit 0 051. Plate No. Wave- Length. 4861 527. 4481400. 4471 £7«. 4340 631 4131 047. 4128 211. 4102 000. WW Mean . All Lines . Five Lines Three Lines . 1289a. Wt. Vel. 4 5- 2 46 14 35 3 34 1 29 H 37 4 28- 32 92 07 •99 09 97 68 128Ub. Wt. Vel. 2017 36 07 4521 3 4170 28 35 34 08 32 55 1289e. 1290a. Wt. Vel. Wt. 55 41 45 05 4854 51 11 37 11 36 28 21 11 * Vel. 34 46 i 37 J -:-2 34 83 37 49 3868 37 06 39 47 40 47 46 07 46 40 48-19 37 29 37-16 30 23 1290b. Wt, Vel. ■60 04 •21 37 f,i i 66 •86 41 08 4267 42 18 1290c. Wt. Vel. 79 31 65 r>4 52 •48 14 35 83 37 02 36X7 Slit 0 076. Plate No. 1291a. 1291b. 1291c. 1292a. 1292b. 1292c. Wave-Length Wt. 1 2 14 2 l a 4 4 Vel. Wc. Vel. Wt. 4 14 14 14 4 l 14 Vel. 42 67 24 09 3818 25 46 37X1 32 70 29 89 Wt. 1 2 14 1 1 l Vel. 5-54 35 17 43 77 2834 36 65 55 55 18 06 Wt. Vel. Wt. 1 2 14 14 1 1 1 Vel. 4861-527. 32 03 3816 3929 42 96 46 74 33 53 23 12 4 2 14 14 i 4 l 46 32 36 66 38-55 36 18 39 18 3366 2866 1 2 14 14 4 i 1 71 81 45 79 40 03 2991 43 05 46-55 26 94 57 18 4481 400 4471-676. 4340 634. 4131 047. 4128 211 4102 00.. 3906 49 65 2734 48 90 4522 29 98 All Lines . . Five Lines. . Three Lines . 38 11 40 20 36 49 31 16 30 52 3043 36 64 42 37 41 65 Wtd. Mean . 36 97 39 91 4110 40 21 3708 2925 35 70 39 30 38 -72 IiKl't>i:r (>F THE (7/ /AT ASTRONOMER 95 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a As previously mentioned, in order to get the probable error of the velocity determination from a single line when, as in this ease, six plates are used, it appears preferable to use the weighted residuals from the mean velocity for each plate rather than the residuals from the mean velocity of all six plates. The former method freea the determination from any chance of disturbance by systematic displacement of the star lines with respect to the comparison lines on any of the plates. Some idea of the magnitude of the latter error may be obtained by combining the residuals obtained by subtracting the velocity value of each plate from the mean of the six. But this will be affected also by the accidental errors of the separate plates and, moreover, there are not enough measures to give any definite result. However, this will also be obtained and, as will be seen, may be used in a comparative way for the different slit widths. The probable errors of setting on a single line are obtained from two or three groupings of the lines in each dispersion. In dispersion (a) 1st from all seven lines. 2nd from the three lines. Mg 4481, He 4471 and Hy 4340; in dispersion (6), 1st from the four lines 4481, 4471, 4388 and 4340. 2nd from the three 4481, 4471, 4340; in dispersion (c) 1st from, all the lines measured. 2nd from the five lines 4481, 4471, 4340, 4131, 4128. 3rd from the three lines 4481, 4471, 4340. The three lines 4481, 4471, 4340 are by far the best on the plates and their measures deserve much higher weight, not only on account of their quality, but also because they are near the position of minimum deviation A 4415, the axis of the camera lens, and the minimum focus of the colour curve of objective and corrector. Aa will be seen below, the probable errors are considerably smaller when these three lines only are used than Then some of the poorer lines are -combined with them. The probable errors obtained by these different groupings are tabulated below : — DISPERSION (a). Single Prism. —Camera 525 mm. Focus. Probable Error of Setting on a Single Line. Slit- Width in mm. Probable Error. 7 Lines, 42 Residuals. Probable Error. 3 Lines, 18 Residuals. 0 025 0 038 0 051 0 076 4- 53 km. 48 52 7 5 -1- 45 km. 24 23 4 3 Probable Error, Single Plate. Residuals from Six Plates. Slit-Width in mm. Probable Error. Velocities from 7 Lines. Probable Error. Velocities from 3 Lines. 0 025 0 038 0 051 0 076 -1- 13 km. 25 15 52 ' -+- 17 km. 27 30 77 25a— 10* 96 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 DISPERSION (o)— Continued. Mean Velocities— Reduced to Sin. Slit-Width. Velocities from 7 Lines. Velocities from 3 Lines. 0 025 0 038 0 051 0 076 + 214 + 0'5 197 + 11 182 + 0 6 20-4 + 21 +232 + 0 7 228 + 10 202 + 1-2 212 + 32 DISPERSION (6). Three Prisms — Camera 525 mm. Focus. Probable Error of Setting on a Single Line. Slit- Width in mm. Probable Error. 4 Lines, 24 Residuals. Probable Error. 3 Lines, 18 Residuals. 0 025 0 038 0 051 0 076 + 23 km. 2-8 30 3 1 + 23 km. 2 1 2-5 21 Probable Error, Single Plate. Residuals from 6 Plates. Slit-Width in mm. Probable Error. Velocities from 4 lines. Probable Error. Velocities from 3 lines. 0 025 0-038—4 plates. 0- 038 — 6 plates. 0 051 0 076 + 1-7 km. 1-2 2 1 08 1-4 + 15 km. 1-3 22 07 0-9 Mean Velocities — Reduced to Sun. Slit-Width in mm. Velocities from 4 lines. Velocities from 3 lines. Date. Mar. 20 20 21 24 24 „ 24 0 025 0 038— 4 plates. 0 038— 1 plate. 0 038—1 plate. 0 051 0 076 + 245 + 0 7 249 + 0 5 208 + 19 4 189 + 0 3 16 1 + 06 + 24 3 + 06 25-7 + o :> 21-0 199 19 6 + 0 3 18 0 + 04 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 97 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a DISPERSION (c). Three Prisms — Camera 275 mm. Foccs. Probable Error of Setting on a Single Line. Slit-Width in mm. Probable Error. 7 Lines, 42 Residuals. Probable Error. 5 Lines, 30 Residuals. Probable Error. 3 Lines, 18 Residuals. 0 025 0 051 0 076 +56 km. 48 6.4 + 28 km. 3 2 40 + 29 km. 29 3 8 Probable Error, Single Plate. Residuals from 6 plates. Slit-Width in mm. Probable Error. Velocities from 7 Lines. Probable Error. Velocities from 5 Lines. Probable Error. Velocities from 3 Lines. 0 025 0 051 0 070 + 2 4 42 50 +3 2 3 8 38 + 2 1 3 0 29 Mean Velocities — Reduced to Son. Slit- Width in mm. Velocities from 7 Lines. Velocities from 5 Lines. Velocities from 3 Lines. 025 051 076 + 162 + 10 181 + 1-7 161 + 2 1 + 210 -I- 1-3 194 + 15 16 9 + 15 + 196 + 09 198 + 1-2 161 + 12 . The above summary of the measures and probable errors shows some curious and even unexpected results. With the single prism spectrograph, the probable error of setting does not increase very markedly as the slit is increased in width from 0025 to 0-051 mm., but a further increase to 0 076 mm. makes a marked increase of about 50 per cent in the accidental errors. The systematic errors show an even more marked increase, of about 3 times, when the slit is made 0-076 mm. wide. This is, in this case, undoubtedly caused by the fact that the centre of intensity of the star image was not symmetrically situated between the slit jaws and consequently the position of the lines was similarly displaced from the centre. The experiments detailed under the heading ' New Correcting Lens ' showed that the star image had a minimum effective diameter of about 0-050 mm., which is, however, increased by increased exposure. In the present case, as the exposure was only about 30 seconds, it is probable that, during an exposure, the star image was not on the whole central causing the lines to be displaced and the measured velocity to vary. A non-central position of the image to the amount of -004 mm. would cause an error of about 10 kms. in the velocity. Undoubtedly, if the exposure had been longer, the vagaries of seeing and guiding would ensure a mean position very nearly central, and the systematic displacement or error would be considerably reduced. This is well shown in dispersion (c) and (b) 98 DEPARTMENT UF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 where the exposures were about 2 and 5 minutes respectively. In (b) especially the results show no evidence whatever of systematic error, on the contrary the probable error of a single plate is smaller for slit 0-076 mm. than for slits 0025 and 0038 mm. In this connection, it may be of interest to point out the systematic differences between the mean velocities obtained with wide and narrow slits. They show, on the whole, a smaller positive value (leaving dispersion (&) out of account for a reason to be stated later on) of about 2 kms. for the wider slit widths. This may be due to a sort of personal error in guiding, caused either by habit or by some peculiarity in the optical path from the slit to the eye, which systematically causes the image to be placed to one side of the centre of the opening. With the three prism spectrograph and the 525 mm. focus camera, the probable errors due both to systematic displacements and accidental errors of setting do not, on the whole, indicate any increase in error with increase in slit width, and so far as stars of this type are concerned one should, if these results can be depended on, get as accurate measures ami as reliable results with a slit 0-076 mm. wide a? with a slit 0-025 mm. As the exposure time required for the former width is only about one- third that for the latter, this means a very considerable increase in the output of the installation. The measures show that the residuals and probable errors from the single plates are smaller with slit 0-051 and 0-076 mm. than with slit 0-025 and 0-038 mm. I cannot assign any reason for this apparently improbable result. In the table of velocities reduced to the sun for this dispersion it will be noticed there is a large systematic difference in the mean values between slit widths 0-025, 0038 and slit widths 0051 and 0076. This difference may be partly assigned as above, but its amount seems too large, considering that each velocity given is the mean of six plates. As these plates were exposed on different dates, one explanation of the cause might be a variable radial velocity of the star, but no positive statement can be made without further proof. This explanation seems plausible when we look at the velocities for slit width 0-038 mm., which were made on three different dates. Four plates made on Mar. 20 give a mean velocity of 24-9 kms., with a total range between highest and lowest of 3-4 kms. One plate on March 21 at same slit width gave a velocity of 20-8 and one on March 24 of 19-4. These figures are for 4 lines: A 4481, 4471, 4388, 4340. For the three principal lines the respective figures are 25-7, with total range of 40, 210 and 19-9, respect ively. The mean of 10 plates on March 20 is 24-7 and 25-0 for 4 and 3 lines, respectively, and of 12 plates on March 24, 17-5 «nd 18-8 for 4 and 3 lines. The probable error of a single velocity deduced from these two means is nearly zpl-3 kms. for each set. So that, considering plates either at the same or different slit w-idths, there appears to be a change in the velocity which, if there is no systematic cause for the change, must be real. The matter, liowever, will be investigated further, using, as nearly as possible, similar conditions of exposure slit width, &c. With a dispersion of three prisms and the Eoss Homocentric Camera lens of about 275 mm. focus, the increase in probable error of setting on a single line increases with the slit width, but not to any considerable extent, as the above summary of the probable errors shows. Also the change in the probable error of a single plate is not very great, indicating no decided systematic displacement with the wider slits. However, as mentioned above, the lens has some aberration and this, with the fact that no temperature regulation could be used, diminishes the value of the results. Summarizing the whole investigation, we may conclude with confidence that a slit of at least 0051 mm. wide may be used on early type stars without appreciably increasing the errors of setting on the lines or introducing any systematic displace- ment. In the case of the higher dispersions, the slit may be widened still further to 0-076 mm. without, in the case of /J Orionis, at any rate, appreciably diminishing the accuracy of velocity determinations. This may also possibly be true in single prism work with faint stars where the exposure will be longer than a few minutes. It REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 99 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a must not, however, be forgotten, if the spectrum has faint metallic lines, as is the case with Sirius and Vega, that an increase in slit width will undoubtedly diminish the contrast, and with a slit as wide as 0-076 mm. cause the fainter lines to disappear. Some other interesting and useful points may also be obtained from these measures and from a study of the residuals from the various lines. The wave length of Eg, which had already been changed from Eowland's value of 4102-000 to 4101-890 by measures by Campbell & Wright,* was determined from the residuals obtained from 18 plates with the single prism and 12 with the three prism spectro- graph. The mean residual, using wave length 4102-000, is for single prism plates + 10-6 kms. and three prism plates with short focus camera +12-2 kms. The weighted mean of these two is +11-2 kms., which corresponds to a change in wave length of 0-152 tenth-metres, making the wave length as determined from /3 Orionis 4101-848. This, however, is not to be taken as a correction to 4101-890, but rather as an indica- tion that the wave length as given by Rowland, when used in velocity determinations wvith first type stars, will give a positive residual of about 10 kms. Another very useful point obtained from a study of the residuals of Hp in all the dispersions is that velocity values obtained from this line are not reliable and that it would be preferable to omit it in the measurement of all plates. The residuals are mostly positive, but there are also some high negative values and apparently no confidence can be placed in the results obtained from it. These discrepancies occur in all three dispersions, and a definite cause can undoubtedly be assigned for them. At H p the star image is out of focus, owing to the form of colour curve of objective and corrector, to the extent of about 4 mms. when it is in focus at A 4415, and in consequence the image is an expanded disc more than a quarter of a millimetre in diameter. Only part of the light from the objective can get through the slit, and the illumination on the collimator and camera lens is a comparatively narrow bar parallel to the slit which changes in position with change of guiding and which is rarely central. Even if it were central on the collimator, the vignetting of the pencil away from the centre of the field by the prisms would disturb this central position on the camera. Whenever the plate is not in exact focus at the region in question, a systematic shift of the star line with respect to the comparison lines whose illumina- tion is always uniformly distributed would occur. The camera lenses employed give a field almost flat but it is quite possible for a deviation from focus of 0-1 or 0-2 mm. to occur. Supposing the centre of intensities of star and comparison light were distant from one another, say 10 mm., this would cause a relative displacement of 0-2 -—x 10 =-004 mm. equivalent with the single prism instrument to about 12 kms. In the case of dispersion c the deviation from focus owing to the aberrations of the lens is much greater and so also are the residuals, while in dispersion b the residupls are least, as a given linear displacement corresponds to a kilometre value only one- third as great. In the case of lines to the violet end of the field, the residuals do not indicate any systematic difference, nor are they of a greater magnitude than is to be expected from their character. In this case, the star focus for the wave lengths in question E s to fie and K is, even in the extreme case of Ee and E, only about 2 mm. beyond the focus for A. 4415, and the illumination in consequence is so much more uniform that, when the plate is in good focus, no systematic displacement is to be feared. Furthermore, a given linear displacement in this region would, owing to the change in dispersion, correspond to only one-half the kilometre value of the Up region. RADIAL VELOCITIES. The work in determining radial velocities has been actively prosecuted during the period which this report covers. It may be of interest to give some numerical ' Astrophysical Journal IX, p. 50. 100 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 data in regard to the progress of the work. During the year ending March 11, 1908, 736 stellar spectrograms have been made on 138 nights. Of these 438 have been measured. Want of sufficient assistance is the principal cause for the non-measure- ment of the remainder, but other reasons apply in the case of some plates. Some of the spectra are too weak or otherwise unsuitable for measurement; some are of binary stars on which work has been abandoned because of too small range in velocity accompanied by poor quality of spectrum for measurement; some are experimental or test plates. Of the measured spectra upwards of three-fourths are of known spectroscopic binaries. Only about half of these have been used in the determination of the completed or provisional orbits discussed below, the remainder being measures of binaries of which sufficient observations have not yet been obtained to determine the orbits. Of the remaining measures (over 100) nearly 70 of /? Orionis have been made for the purpose of determining the relative accuracy obtained by the use of different slit-widths. Some are of suspected binaries and some of early type stars not hitherto observed. Of the suspected binaries, special mention should be made of ■q Piscium of which a number of plates made by the Brashear Spectroscope have been measured. These showed that there was some little range in the star's velocity. However, poor temperature regulation led to systematic errors in some plates made by this instrument, and there was consequently some uncertainty as to the variability of its velocity.' A number of plates made since with the new three prism spectrograph show a small change in the radial velocity, the variation so far observed being about 6 kms. from + 12 to + 18 kms. per second. Observations on this star will be continued when it has sufficiently passed conjunction to enable it to be readily observed. Spectroscopic Binaries. The spectroscopic binaries which have been under observation here during the above period are as follows : — t Tauri. xp Orionis. ■q Bootis. a Corona? Borealis. t Orionis. B. D. - 1° 1004. v Orionis. y Geminorum. a) Ursae Majoris. 93 Leonis. e Herculis. 8 Aquilae. 8 Aquilae. o Andromedae. 7i Virginis. Of the above, t Orionis and \j/ Orionis have been completed and provisional orbits have been obtained for 77 Virginis and 9 Aquilae. o Andromedae has been abandoned as the range is too small, considering the character of the spectrum, to allow its orbit to be determined. Only a few observations of ? V « \ o o » 3 - \, 8 \ s° o eV o » o "i 1 £ 8 ^ \° c B \ O o © \ o o \ lv P 0 4 «>" — r* © — *° — € \ * o » E I a k ! 25a— p. 102 3 =*&=^ or \ % \ "o o o A \ 3 3 3 g J5 g \\\ *• DUO % \\ j V * d 1 X \ o\\ \ \ o ^ \ \ j ^ s. \ -> 1 1 s^FH= :=?s ^==^ °v ^ \ s\"\ > I 25a— p. 102. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTHOXOUER 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a that two or more single or grouped observations frequently occur at nearly the same phase, and it was felt that a further combining of the observations into those of nearly the same phase, after the period had been accurately determined, might be of advantage. The 107 observations made at Ottawa with the 6 made at the Yerkes, Observatory were accordingly combined into 27 groups, with an average of slightly over 4 observations each. The effect of this grouping is shown in Fig. 5. The effect of large accidental errors in the velocity values of some of the plates is diminished and the drawing of the curve facilitated. In thus combining the observations, there are only two groups (near apastron where the change of velocity is slow) in which the difference of phase exceeds a day. The difference in the remainder is less than half a day. and in most of these (all around periastron) less than a quarter of a day. It will be preferable before proceeding to determine the elements to give the measures of the last series of 70 plates, those of the first series being given last year. The journal or record of observations containing the data as to time, temperature, focus, &c, of the plates will first be given and this will be followed by the detailed measures. Several of the plates have been measured by two and some by three observers. All of these measures are given below and a comparison will enable some idea to be obtained of the uncertainty of the measures, and the difficulty in obtaining a satisfactory orbit. A table containing a summary of these with the earlier measures here and also of those previously made at the Yerkes Observatory is next given. In this table is contained the number of the plate, the date, the Julian day, the velocity, including all measures of the same plate, the measurer, the weighted mean of all measures of all plates on the same night, the phase, and the residual obtained by .-ubtracting each measure from the value computed from the finally accepted elements. This table is followed by the one containing the observations grouped into phases, the velocity and phase of each group being the mean of the separate observations. 104 DEPARTMENT OF Tilt. INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 uaAiasqo m - o :_ — ^-'— ■—■—■—■-■— — ~--X~~- ---------- — — — 'IM.IHIVQ uojonnnoo •snoo-i aw»s ■H?P!A\ HIS s . _ - H < < a - o i! - Hi f" •pua - •Sain -niSsg = -' - -. 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J, J..i_L_L_L_L^ _ ,1 K h hhhh££h£££££££hh££££h£Mk£M rH CI '-' - ^ e5 ^ CM O *— '©©©©©©cncco— '«—cmcm— »©©©'-;cM©©r-«i-i©©©© •uomunQ S O CM 00 CM CM .— .~ T. — i* •* ~ "O X — CC © IC CC ." C 71-* C COCCC OtD c-i :i*iri- :i -f :i cm c-i :i .". .-c :: ci r. ^. r t r: -r t v; ^"f « 1-1 -f CO i-i CO o - t ^- -r C Cl M : . — X C 1 . r c ■ -3»-r^j-4C»c:cc;ir;-ocorc:^r*Tir:^CMCicc;'i'T1'— ■mco<— ■cmcocO'-h S •u-iauniQ •0Ani:^.*\' JO "O^ so c. c: - ^ i- x -. n ■/. r. Cr-ciwtccNxr.c- -1 ^ ?t 'i^ S fe ^ ■fl- IQ - [-NN u (. ~ C ; - - - - r- -- - r- . n Cl Cl C-l ?) CM TJ CM CD O O ■— CCCCCC- ^- ^- ^- ^- i— — •— ^- n«HHHHr- ^i^h^i^-^h REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a S>, 105 GO *te Pm KfflWWp-,PHfc2HHK;i4PuiiHWPHP-i Pk ^ pli Ph (1, 3h ?n a- cl, PhCm cm ph pl, pc k p* cl, p< p* a, ph p< phPhOiP-i bo ■o a " ; • ■ • -±> .- O C ^ -: X! ^ . s°'|8-a = = §=!' 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N. Tribble. Measured by W. E. Harper. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in revm Velocity. Wt Mian of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. 2 72-9168 72 7597 72 3592 53 9664 53-3351 53 0526 45 2236 2 i 2 h 2 1 2 45 2137 •2737 •nsfsn + 26 ■ 17 2 1 ■8048 •0139 —20-20 27 27 20 20 11 11 4230 2350 7647 5212 8840 ■V>16 •5095 0130 1 + 1134 1 •3834 ■8690 0159 1300 2 0068 — 7-78 2 0204 0200 + 1500 2 Weighted mean f 132 Va + 2494 V Observed by J. N. Tribble. Measured by W. E. Harper. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"5 Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp1 in rev"8 Velocity. 2 72 72 72 53 53 53 48 9007 7515 3363 9450 3275 0276 6927 H 2 2 1 2 U 2 48 45 45 27 27 20 20 2410 1981 18S0 3833 2128 7372 5069 ■3193 ■2735 •4923 ■8558 0074 0248 0042 0291 + 801 2 2 8145 0042 - 010 + 25-96 2 - 3 66 2 2 3 •3997 0095 +10-95 -21 "82 Weighted mean V„ + 505 + 2494 V-92 27 2294 •3138 •5063 2 •9196 0548 + 79 51 |>7M 0844 78 40 2 + 7326 i 4758 0735 84 6i Weighted mean +79 14 V, +1880 Vd . - -22 Curvature - 28 Radial velocity + 97 ' 4 1907. Oct. 29. G. M. T. 20h 27" . ORIONIS 1110. ?itesureeddbyy}W-E-HARPER' Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"5 Velocity. 1 73 1635 73 0125 72 5950 54 8591 1 n 2" i 53 5207 53 2281 45 3782 45 3680 •4040 0017 + 1 94 i 1 •8592 •0044 - 638 1* 2634 0247 + 2579 Weighted mean V„ V,i Curvature.. + 9 81 + 18-50 - 04 - 28 Radial velocity. + 280 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a in 1907. Oct. 29. G. M. T. 20h 27™ ORIONIS 1110. Observed by W. E. Harper. Measured by C. R. Wkstland. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"1 Velocity. Wt. 2 2 2 i 2 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"5 Velocity. 2 73 0440 72 9005 72 4737 54 736S 53 3997 53 1060 45 2563 45 2528 27 3861 27 2036 U -8677 0029 + 4-21; 2" •2701 ■4288 0314 0069 32 78 2 + 5 99 2 ■4055 0032 366 Weighted mean . . + 14 03 Va + 18-50 Vd - 04 Curvature.... - '28 "Check measurement. 1907. Oct. 29. G. M. T. 20" 56"> Rad ial velocity ■ ORIONIS 1111. + 322 Observed by \ w „ H.BP_R Measured by/ w' ^ UARPEB- Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"*. Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"'. Velocity. 73 0750 72 9210 72 5071 54 7737 53 4664 2 2 1J 4 2 53 1387 45-2877 45 2700 27 4184 27 2335 I •8565 0083 —12 04 I -2559 4319 0172 0100 + 17-96 2 + 8'6S 1 ■4387 0364 + 4160 AVeighted mean +1895 Vn +1850 Vd — 08 Curvature . . — 28 1907. Oct. 29. G. M. T. 21" 26™ Radial velocity +37 1 i ORIONIS 1112. Observed by 1 w P ti , „„„ Measured by jW- E- Harper. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in revns. Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"8. Velocity. 2 73-1037 72 968] 72 5357 54-8072 54-1866 2 2 1 2 53- 1766 45 3253 45 3078 27-4795 27-2727 M 8750 0102 + 1480 2 2 ■2561 •4534 0174 0315 18 16 + 27'34 2 ■4217 0214 24 46 Weighted mean +20 04 V, +18 50 Vd — 11 Curvature . . — '28 25a— 11J Radial velocity. +38'1 112 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR .ORIONIS 1113. 1907. Oct. 29. G. M. T. 21" 58" 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by I w j. Harper. Measured by ) wt. Mean of Settings Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. » ™ocity. 2 72 9346 72 7900 72 3691 54 6304 1 2" 9 54 3201 53 '9954 45 1399 •4357 ■2669 0334 38-17 14 2 •8651 6663 +043 2 li 0282 +29-44 1 Weighted mean Va V,! Curvature. . . + 1828 + 18-50 -16 . -28 Radial \elocitv ORIONIS 1114. + 36 3 1907. Oct. 29. ( ;. M. T. 22h 43™ S£E£g}w.*iu«-. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp1 in rev'" Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"" Velocity. 2 73 nnai 2 2 li 53 0721 24 2 72 72 54 53 8429 4376 7051 3520 8498 0150 -2176 45 45 2197 3525 1813 ■2641 •4179 0254 0040 + 2651 2 14 •3832 0191 -21-83 I 27 2" - 3 47 Weighted mean + 8 20 Va - IS 50 Vd. --19 Curvature - "28 1907. Oct. 30. <;. M. T. 18" 42" Radial velocity. i ORIONIS 1115. + 262 Observed by \w v H Measured by J W" K UARPBK- Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in revn! Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"8 Velocity. 2 54 8325 53 3746 53 2060 453567 4 2 45- 1902 27-3497 27 3137 1071 ■2826 1316 1393 137 39 14 2 2834 1189 - 124 47 120 91 o Weighted mean . V„ Vd Curvature.. + 18 18 + 10 I2S SS •28 Radial velocity - 110 9 REPORT OF TEE CBIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 113 i ORIONIS 1116. 1907. Oct. 30. G. M. T. 19h 12"' sasas}w.»H«-. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"s Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev1™ Velocity. 2 730473 72-8010 724867 54-759S 53 2903 53 1262 2 h 1 2 2 i 45 2756 i u 7654 0994 -14423 45 27 27 15 0737 2662 i'717 ■2848 1070 1371 174 35 119 00 1 ■2756 1267 1 jU 89 1 15 2765 3090 1643 -127 17 Weighted mean . . V V<; Curvature.. + 18-18 + -08 -138-09 ■28 1907. Oct. 30. G. M. T. 19l'47'» Radial velocity - 1201 ORIONIS 1117. Observed by I w t? tt , „„„„ Measured by J Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"* Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"5 Velocity. 2 73 0455 72 8085 72 4810 547548 l •j 2 2 1 53 3016 53 1274 45 2765 45 1154 •2867 •1156 132' 13 i n 2 ■7728 0920 -133 49 1125 1262 -131 75 Weighted mean - 132 • 28 Va + 1818 Vd + 08 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity . -1143 1907. Oct. 30. G. M. T. 20h26"> . ORIONIS 1118. Mbel6srur;ddbby}w.E.HABPKK. Wt, Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"* Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. • Disp' in rev"s Velocity. 1 73 0501 72 8222 72 4855 54 7657 li 2 . I 2 53 1317 45 2871 45-1339 27 2750 27 2501 1* •7818 0830 -120 43 •1204 •2715 1183 1504 12550 li -130 55 1 53 3040 2836 1187 135 67 Weighted mean -130 07 Va + 1818 Vd - 03 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity . 112 2 114 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 i ORIONIS 1119. 1907. Oct. 30. G. M. T. 21h 09™ Observed by W. E. Harper. Measured by C. R. Westland. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"" Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rtv"' Velocity. 2 73 0338 72 7618 72 4074 547416 53 2720 53 1143 2 J r 2 2 1 452576 45 0987 27-2662 27 2190 15 3557 15 2510 l| •7385 1263 -183 26 1148 •2938 ■ 21.39 1239 1281 1794 129 35 111 19 \i 1 2700 1323 15122 -138 86 Weighted mean Va.'.V .'. ', Curvature . Radial velocity + 1818 137 24 09 ■28 119 4 1907. Oct. 30. G. M. T. ilh 49™ i ORIOXIS 1120. Observed by W. E. Harper. Measured bv C. R. West-land. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in revni Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in revns Velocity. 2 73 0459 72 7938 72-4831 54 7613 53 2911 i* 2 I 1 2 531323 45 2814 451135 27 2586 27 2454 ■7568 1080 -156 71 if 1057 •2570 1330 138 S5 2 i :2709 1314 150-19 1649: -143 13 Weighted mean - 146 40 V„ +1818 Vd. - 11 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity. -128 8 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 115 1907. Oct. 31 G. M. T. 18h 47m t ORIONIS 1121. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by C. R. Westland. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"" Velocity. 2 73 0599 72 8780 72 4888 54 7706 53-3238 H 2 2 53- 1383 45 2872 45-1422 27 2519 27 2354 4 14 2 •8300 0348 - 5049 1288 ■2631 1099 1588 114 74 2972 -137 84 H 1051 120 13 Weighted mean - 110 ' 58 V« +17-87 Yd .. + -10 Curvature - "28 Radial velocity. 92.9 1907. Oct. 31 G. M. T. 19'' 45" : ORIONIS 1122. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by W. E. Harper. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp1 in rev™ Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"8 Velocity. 2 73 0509 2 2 4 2 h 2 45 2752 45-1575 27 2856 27 2360 15 3259 15 3718 2 2 2 72 8412 72-4911 54 0475 53 3297 53-1249 ■7988 0660 - 9577 1559 •2961 0829 1258 86-55 109 19 2 2 ■3118 0905 103 44 3527 1206 - 93 34 Weighted mean - 96 11 V„ +1787 V.i + '02 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity. 78 5 116 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 1907. Oct. 31. G. M. T. 20* 40™ :ORIONIS 1123. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by W. E. Harpkr. Wt, Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev1" Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev'" Velocity. 2 73 72 72 54 53 53 45 0181 8295 4510 7319 2796 0970 ?,514 - 6225 4 2 2 A 2" 4 45 27 20 20 15 15 1072 2126 4696 6023 3396 9841 1295 1092 114 00 j 8219 0429 •6525 :i2si 2 :2940 104 27 4 2 1083 123 78 -3431 1302 -100 77 2 Weighted mean -10102 V« +1787 V* - 06 Curvature - 28 Radial velocity. 83- 5 1907. Nov. 1. G. M. T. 18h 35" : ORIONIS 1124. Observed by .1. S. Plaskett. Measured by W. E. Harpkh. Wt. Mean of Settingb. Corrected Star Setting. irS ^ocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"- Velocity. 2 72 9648 72 7650 72 3991 54 6680 53 2242 53 0410 :8102 ■2958 0546 79 22 1065; 121 73 9 14 1 2" 2 A 45 1927 45 0010 20 5629 20 4177 15 2945 15 2807 1 2 2 1419 6452 0908 1354 101 06 110-21 1 2 ■3848 0885 68 50 Weighted Mean -9S31 V„ +17 56 Vd + -10 Curvature - :28 Radial Velocity SO '.I REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 117 1907. Nov. 1 K. M T. 19h20m i ORION IS 1125. Observed by J. S. Plaskbtt. Measured by W. E. Haeper. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp1 in rev"3 Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"" Velocity. 2 73-0315 72 8312 72 4647 54 7349 53 3142 53- 1026 2 2 i 2 2 1 45 2519 2 2 8100 0548 -79-51 45-1570 27-2S60 27 2102 15 3484 15 3090 ■1787 3223 0600 0996 6264 86 45 2 2 •3232 0791 90 41 2 •3592 1141 -8831 Weighted mean.. . V„ Yd Curvature.. + 17 56 + -04 Radial velocity . - 79 00 - 28 -61-7 1907. Nov. 1 G. M. T. 20" i ORIONIS 1126. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by C. R. Westland. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev1" Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"8 Velocity. 2 73 047-2 i 2 2" 2 i 45-1326 27 2330 27-2995 20 5007 20 6501 15 3751 15 3811 ■ 134!) 1038 108 37 i 72 72 54 53 53 45 Mm.; 479S 7497 3095 1200 2714 7613 1005 -145-83 2 •3132 1087 94 35 2 4 2 3015 1008 115 21 6693 1305 106 22 2 4046 0687 54 25 Weighted mean V0 Vrf Curvature., P>4 "t + 1756 00 Radial velocity. -96-8 118 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1907. Nov. 1. G. M. T. 20h i ORIONIS 1126.* 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Me^edb^-^.P-KK.T. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"* Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. 2 73 0412 1 h 2 2 i 2 45 1225 27 3050 27 2209 20 6190 20 4890 15 3200 15 3615 1346 •3300 •6500 1041 0919 108 47 i 2 72 72 54 53 53 45 8255 4711 0318 3268 1100 W15 7955 0693 -100 53 86 37 2 1 3270 0753 86 07 1306 10380 2 2 •3600 1133 -8769 * Check measurement. Weigh ted mean - 95 90 V., + 17 56 Vrf 00 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity. 88-6 1907. Nov. 1. G. M. T. 20h 23" ORIOXIS 1127. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by C. R. Westland. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp1 in rev"8 Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp* in rev"' Velocity. 2 73 0357 72 8528 72 4680 54 7377 53 3168 2 2 i 2 53 1U5 45 2561 45- 1314 27-2051 J 2 ■8278 0370 -50-54 1491 0896 -9354 2 i ■3478 .0545 6229 Weighted mean Va Vd + 17-56 - 6879 04 - 28 Radial velocity.. - 51 6 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 119 iORIONIS1136. 1907. Nov. 11. G. M. T. 18h 28"> Observed by W. K. Harper. Measured by C. R. Westland. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"" Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev1™ Velocity. 2 72 21 2245 2420 4000 - 9'29 •4979 0246 + i17 18 84 1 •4242 0219 + 2503 20 5420 2 20 8277 8060 0254 + 20 68 -14 13 V vd Curvature . . . 28 -14 17 + 01 Radial velocity +280 1907. Nov. 15. G. M. T. 18h 02'" . ORIOXIS 1141. Observed by \V. E. HakPEB. Measured by C. R. Westland. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"" Velocity. -32 36 Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"* Velocity. 2 729746 72 8089 72 4154 54 7246 53 4097 2 2 4 2 4 53 0929 45 2578 45-2413 27-2555 274851 J •8425 0223 •2569 0182 + 1900 o 4 ■4286 0263 + 30-06 4765 0546 is 42 Weighted mean + 1628 Vo +1263 V,i - 09 Curvature...- 28 Radial velocity. +28-7 REPORT OF TEE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 121 ■ OKIOXIS 1142. 1907. Nov. 15. G. M. T. 18h 19" Observed by W. E. Haupeb. Measured by C. R. WbsTLAND. Wt. Mean of Settings. •9845 8334 4253 '7302 4121 Corrected Star Setting. 8571 4230 Disp' in rev"8 Velocity. 007 -1117 0213 -24 34 Wt. Mean .if Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp< in rev'" Velocity. 53-1006 45 2669 45 2613 27.2628 27-45751 2680 I HI.". 0293 0196 + 30-59 - 17 ill Weighted mean . . V, Vd Curvature. + 1519 +12-63 . + -06 ■28 Radial Velocity + 27 6 1907. Nov. 15. G. M. T. 18h36"' .ORION IS 1143. Observed by W. E. Habpek. Measured by C. R. Westlanh. Wt. Mean of Settings. ( '. a i •-. t ... 1 Star Setting. Disp' in rev1". Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp1 in rev"a. Velocity. 2 54 7535 53 4373 53- 1247 45 2965 45 2878 2 i 2 1 27-2942 h 2 4^4S 0225 + 25 72 27-5026 4554 20 5812^ 20 8614 0335 -29 07 2 0202 -lfi-44 A ■2649 0262 + 27 35 Weighted mean +24 '64 Va +12 63 Yd + 03 Curvature. . . — '28 Radial velocity +37 0 122 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1907. Nov. 16. G. M. T. 17h 20°> iORIOXIS 1147. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by C. R. Westlaxd. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in revni Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev""' Velocity. 2 73-0063 72 8944 72 4452 54 7582 53 4526 53 1340 2 1 2 4 2 i 45 3063 45 2902 27 3171 275420 20 5989 20 8887 1 2 •8971 0323 -46S7 2575 4719 ■8095 0188 •0500 0289 19 63 2 i 43 40 4 2" 43V 0294 33 60 +2352 Weighted mean +3336 Va +1225 Vd + 12 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity. + 45- 4 1907. Nov- 16. G. M. T. 17h 40" lORIONIS 1148. Observed by J. S. Plaskett Measured by C. R. Westland. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in revn! Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"» Velocity, 2 72' 9794 0020 — 290 2 2* I 2 i 45 2697 45 2697 27 2717 27 4928 20 5574 20 8315 2730 1 2 7283221 8628 72 4137 0349 + 36-44 2 54 7290 53-4398 ■4680 0461 + 4001 1 4495 0472 ^5395 2 53 1032 7946 0140 + 11-40 Weighted mean Va Vd. Curvature.. •28 + 2713 + 1225 + 11 Radial velocity ... +39' 2 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 123 iORIONIS 1161. 1907. Nov. 28. G. M. T. 21h08m Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by C. R. West-land. wt. Mean «f Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. o 4 2 54 7524 53 2823 53-1204 45 262? 45 095? •2737 1286 - 146-99 i 2 2 i 27 2370 27 2051 15 3372 15 2620 •2785 1434 124 46 2 " 137:9i •3234 1499 - 116 02 i 1066 1321 Weighted mean - 132 80 V„ + 680 Yd - 22 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity. 126 5 1907. Nov. 28. G. M T. 21h< i ORIONIS 1161. Observed by"! T 0 ^. Measured by ] J- S. Plaskett. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"" Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. 2 i 73 72 72 54 53 53 45 0507 8140 4924 0324 3012 1158 ?56? 7720 0928 - i3465 1 2 A 2 2 A 45 1247 43 5126 27 2550 27 2021 15 3322 152784 1427 0960 100 20 2 •2990 1229 106 67 1 1 ■2977 1046 115 26 2 2 •3454 1279 - 99 03 Weighted mean. Vd'.'.'.".'.'.. Curvature . + 680 110- 17 •22 •28 ' Check measurement. Radial velocity. - 1039 124 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ORTONIS 1161. 1907. Nov. 28. G. M. T. 21* 08m. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by .1. S. 1'i.askett. Measured by \V. E. Harpkr. Wt. Mean of Setting*. 72 961' 72 7048 72 3985 53 9388 531973 53 021 1 Corrected Star Setting. 7525 287: Disp' in rev" Velocity. 1123 1146 1(12 85 130-99 Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. 451636 450212 27- 1065 27 1502 15-2349 151660 1312 2900 Disp' in rev" ■3297 • 1075 1319 1(130 Velocity, 112 -23 "il4:49 -126-63 Weighted mean -126 57 Va +6 B0 Vd. 22 Curvature.... - '28 Radial velocity 120 3 •Second check measurement. ORIONJS 1162. 1907. Nov. 28. G. M. T. 21" 30" Observed by J. S. Pi.askktt. Measured by 0. R. Wkstlaxh. Wt. . Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. 27 3308 15 3655 154527 Corrected , ■ , Star ■ ' „. Setting. ln reV" Velocity. 2 i 2 1 45 3964 45 2433 44 3798 27 3032 2 h 2 1617 1208 •2190 1179 ■2029 -123 08 176 12 3116 -12516 Weighted mean .. V V, ... . Curvature.. -150 !i + 6 80 •23 •28 Radial velocity -143'8 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 125 1907, Nov. 28. G. M. T. 21'' 30" : ORIONIS 1162/ Observed by I, g pLA8KKTT Measured by ) Mean Wt. of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev™ Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp4 in rev"' Velocity. 2 73 0700 72 8474 725033 452536 2 I 2 J 2 43 5136 27 1864 27-1888 15 2524 15-3137 o ■7874 0774 -112-32 2440 1779 154 40 2 3364 1369 —106 00 1 4R-11K9 1362 1025 106 98 ' Check measurement. Weighted mean . > ii V.i Curvature. . . Radial velocity. + 680 11500 ■23 •28 — 108-7 1907, Nov. 28. G. M. T. 21h 30" : ORIONIS 1162.* Observed by J. S. Plaskktt. Measured by W. E. Harper. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev1" Velocity. 2 73-1068 72 8884 72 5422 45-2915 451452 2 2 i 27 2115 27 2246 15 3453 15 2825 •2335 1884 163 53 i 2 •7913 07fo -i06 65 2 3358 1375 —106 42 n 1273 1114 116-30 *Second check measurement. Weighted mean. V V<( Curvature . . Radial velocity + 6 80 120-91 23 •28 1146 25a— 12 126 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1907 Nov. 29. G. M. T. 21h 41™ ORIONIS 1166. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by W. E. Harpek. Measured by C. R. Westlanii. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. Wt. Mi an of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"" Velocity. 2 73-0522 72 8498 72 4845 72-7322 53 3124 53 1018 45 2427 1 2 i 2 J 2" 45 1060 44-2251 27 2503 27 1770 15 2792 15" 2998 1374 1013 105-76 I •8084 0564 — 81-84 2 •3198 1021 88 62 2 1 2 •3225 ■0798 91 21 •3780 0953 - 73 76 2 Weighted mean. vl'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Curvature.. . Radial velocity. + 643 -9116 - 25 - 28 - 85 3 1907 Nov. 29. G. M. T. 21h 58m : ORIONIS 1167. Observed by W. E. Harper. Measured by C. R. Westlanii. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"" Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. • Dispt Velocity in rev"' v eiocuv- 'f i 2 73 72 72 54 53 53 45 0612 8198 4996 7544 2647 1224 2680 7670' " 0978' -141:fli' i i 2 i 2 45 1125 44 2489 27 2197 27 2071 15 2647 15 3281 1189 - 119S 125 07 ■2592 1627 14122 2 i 2 2541 1482 169 39 3353 1380 -10681 2 Weighted mean. V„ Vd Curvature. . . -136 57 6 43 - -28 ■28 Radial velocity. 130 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 127 1 907. Nov. 29. G. M. T. 211' 58" ( ORIONIS 1167* SESS}*-*"™ Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in revM Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev'" Velocity. , 73 0566 2 2 i i 2 53 1160 45 2635 451252 27 2835 27 2978 I 728090 '7618 72 4932 1030 - 149 45 ■' 1352 •3323 1035 0896 108-05 2 517458 53-3060 114 64 - 7777 i 3020 Weighted mean V„ Vd Curvature.. . 6 43 ll!< s>> •28 •28 Radial velocity - 111"© 'Check measurement : - 120 accepted result. 19J7. Dec. 3. >:. M. T. 15" 25™ .ORIOXIS 1168. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by C. R. Westlant>. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp* in rev1" Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. irPre^ ™o** 2 72-9936 2" i 2 2* 45 1582 44 2191 27 3302 27 1959 15 3780 15 3420 1973 0414 4322 1 72 8201 72 4358 54 7115 53 3080 53 0806 45 2346 ■8342 0306 4440 2 3808 0411 356T 2 i 0 ■3393 -0030 72 01 - 4346 03S7 - 2995 2 Weighted mean . . V« + 475 Vd. + 19 Curvature. . . . Radial velocity 43 16 385 25a— 124 128 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR lORIONIS 1169. 1907. Dec. 3. (i. M. T. 15h36» 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by J. S. Pi.askktt. Measured by C. R. Westland. Wt Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp" in rev"" Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in iv\ "' Velocity. 2 73-0222 72-8747 724596 54 7477 54 3728 53 1207 4 2 .* 1 2 45-2387 45-2750 27 4303 27 2355 15-4300 15 378." •2367 0020 2 09 4 •8617 0031 - 450 2 4413 4507 0194 + 16-84 2 * •3645 0378 - 43 20 0226 17 19 Weighted mean V„ Vd Curvature. Radial velocity .... 4 75 17 - 1388 - -28 9 2 i ORIONIS 1170. 1907. 1 )ec. 3. G. M. T. 15h 48'" ( Ibserved by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by C. R. WssTLAND. Wt, Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rpv"" Velocity. 2 73 0263 2 i 2 4 2 4 2 41 2491 4 2 72 72 54 53 53 45 45 8605 4597 7401 3781 1106 2685 1927 •8445 0203 - 2946 27 27 20 20 11 11 3948 2299 6982 5017 8440 47W •4114 0105 - 911 2 ■7165 0641 - 5218 4 ■3798 0225 - 2572 2 2 ■8785 0266 + 91 92 i 1981 0406 - 4239 Weighted mean V„ Vd Curvature. . Radial velocity ... 4 '75 16 30 64 26 0 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 129 1907. Dec. 4. CM. T. 17" 27™ i ORIONIS 1178. Observed by W. E. Haufku. Measured by C. R. Westland. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in revm Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. 2 73 0413 72 8768 72 4767 54 7452 53-3915 2 A 2' i ■2' 531177 45 2436 45 2720 27-3877 27 2340 2 ■8452 ■0196 -2844 2452 0065 + 679 2 ■4013 0206 -1788 1 3862 .0161 -1842 • Weighted mean. Va Va Curvature + 4 33 + 02 19 03 •28 Radial velocity. 15 0 1907. Dec. 21. G. M. T. 15h 46™ i ORIONIS 1188. Observed by\T „ p .„___ Measured by / J- b- ^^askeit. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"8 Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev1™ Velocity. 2 73-0552 72 9681 72 4906 540604 2* 2 i 535004 53 1390 45 2915 45 3025 •4715 .0692 79 13 t 9226; 0578 | + 83-88 •2845 0458 2 1 +4780 Weighted mean. Va Va Curvature . 3 54 •28 + 74-76 + 02 Radial velocity + 71-0 130 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1907. Dec. 21. G. M. T. 18h 10'" c ORIONIS 1189. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 SSSSS}*-**"™ Wt Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev1" Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev™ 0655 •1044 Velocity. 2 1 2 73 0774 72 9963 72 5164 536540 52 9977 52 6326 :9273 0625 + '9O:70 2 1 i 44 7824 44 8130 27-0224 3042 5263 6836 90 61 -3 83 94 2 26 7427 J 14 6664 2 1 14-4327 X '.2 •4757 0734 •6323 1593 123 35 Weighted mean +83 28 Vo -357 Vd - 13 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity -70- 2 1907. Dec. 24. G. M. T. 15h 40" .ORIONIS 1190. S&Sft}*-**— « Mean Wt. of Settings. 2 73 1 72- 2 72- 2 53 A 53- 2 53 0062 9266 4464 9920 •4803 0787 Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev" Velocity. 9285 " 0637 •5153 1130 + 92'44 1 29 22 Wt. Mean of Settings. 2830 •2192 4368 1620 ■5273 ■2920 Corrected Star Setting. Velocity. Weighted mean .• + 106 ■ 5S V„ -4-88 Vd + 04 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity +101' ."> REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 131 1907. Dec. 28 G. M. T. 131' :ORIONIS 1191. Observed by i T „ p Measured by/ J'b- *"SKKTT- Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev'" Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"1 Velocity. 2 73 0603 72 8436 72 4910 54 0477 53 3462 53- 1256 45-2714 45 1374 43 5297 2 2 i 2" i 2 30 28 27 27 20 20 15 15 8306 2" ■7946 0702; -10187 5014 2971 2070 5932 4670 3137 3987 5352 1183 •3361 103 93 81 '76 2 J 2 •3307 0716 8188 •6462 1344 109 37 2 •3846 0887 - 6868 4 2 1400 0987 103 01 Weighted mean -97'57 V, - 664 Vd + 022 Curvature - 0 28 Radial velocity -104 3 1907. Dec. 28 (J. M. T. 15h05'" ORIONIS 1192. Observed by\T s p. .___,, Measured by/J- b- "AS>KETT- Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. 3 73-0167 72 8150 72 4507 54 0001 53 2563 53-0343 3 1 i 2 i 45 2280 45-0738 27 2082 27 1771 20 5304 20 4424 1 3 •8035 0563 - 8170 1195 3492 1192 0797 124 41 63 Id 2 1 2 •2845 1178 13472 •6080 1726 -140 46 Weighted mean - 11065 V„ - 668 V iORIONIS 1193. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by\T „ p ..._' Measured byjJ' h" ' LA~KKn- Mean Wt. of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected ,. , Star i.1,,^'l. Velocity. Setting. mrev" 2 730757 2 i i 2 i 2 i 2 30 8342 28 4722 27 2457 27 1970 20 5587 20 4620 15 2884 15 3227 1 72 2 72 8526 1524 0462 3165 1258 26ft? 7862 0786 -114 06 ■5167 1368 120 19 2937 2 54 53 2" 53 3020 HhW 114 711 (1165 1641 133 54 2 45 ::: ::::::::' 3634 ■1100 So 17 1 45 U69 1555 0832 86-84 Weighted mean V„ V„.. Curvature . Radial velocity - 107 16 - 668 05 28 - 114-1 1907. Dec. 28. G. M. T. 15h 29" .ORIOXIS 1194. Observed by It „ p Measured by/J- °- rLA*kF:"- Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp1 in rev"' Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. 2 73 0740 72 8390 72-5068 54 0544 1 ■J 2 i 2 l •2 2 45 1340 27 2787 27 2266 206380 20 4900 152950 15-3542 1275 1112 116 06 1 2 7765 0883 -128- 14 2980 123!' 107 53 2 668(1 1121 91 63 1 53 3222 53 1377 45 2804 2966 1057 120 88 2 3390 ■ 134: -103 99 2 Weighted mean V„ Vd. Curvature. Radial velocity 04 -116-18 6 68 ■28 123 1 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 133 1907. Dec. 28 G. M. T. 19h 40" ORIONIS 1201. S£ESS}'-apu—* Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Sttting. Disp' in rev"8 Velocity. '-i26:83 Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"8 Velocity. 2 i 2 73 0644 72 8316 72 4984 54 0412 53 3302 53 1210 45 2625 •7774 :0874 2" i 2 i 2 45 1351 27-2532 27 2120 20-6014 20-4812 15 2994 15 3450 1465 ■2875 0922 1344 96 23 116 64 2 6402 •3530 1404 1203 114 25 J 2 •3202 0829 93 89 93 15 2 Weighted mean —106 ■ 16 Vo — 676 Yd — 25 Curvature — 28 Radial velocity. 113 4 1907. Dec. 28. G. M. T. 19" 51" i ORIONIS 1202. Observed by I T o u. „„„™ Measured by }J- S. Plaskett. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"8 Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"1 Velocity. 2 73-0405 72 8150 72 4750 54-0202 1 i 2 1 2 t 2 45 1005 1280 ■2990 1107 1229 115 53 2 7850 0798 -115-81 27 27 20 20 15 15 2350 1821 5322 4462 2402 3098 106 66 2 6055 - 1751 142 50 4 53 2996 ■3081 0942 107 73 2 2 53 1038 45 2462 •3285 1448 —112 12 Weighted Mean —11556 V« — 676 Vrf — 25 Curvature — 28 Radial velocity — 1228 134 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1907. Dec. 30. G. M. T. 19'' 27'" i (lit ION IS 1 _>« 1. 1. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by C. K. We.sti.ani>. Wt. Mean of Si ttings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"1 V. looity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp" in rev"" Velocity. 2 73 0160 i 2" 2 i 45 1414 27 3349 27 1808 20 4458 153175 15 3156 1804 4005 0583 0214 GO 80 14 2 72 72 54 53 53 45 8514 4553 7175 3183 0861 2348 ■8439 0209 -30 32 IS 5S 2 :4005 1 2 3740 0283 32 36 0728 - 56 34 2 Weighted mean . Curvature. . . Kadial velocity - 35 43 1 < ORION1S 1204. 1907. Dec. 30. G. M. T. 19h 47"' Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by C. R. Westland. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev1" Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. 2 73 0368 72 8619 72 4699 547217 53 3351 53 0885 45 2356 ! 4 i 2 2 1 2 45 1771 27 2953 27- 1727 20 4311 15 3263 15 2962 ■2151 0236 24 H4 14 2 -8351 0297 -43 09 3690 0529 45 92 2 * 1 2 •3582 0441 5041 -4287 0446 -3452 2 Weighted mean . V„ Vc Curvature . Radial velocity. 40 97 7 "65 ■28 ■28 49- REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 135 1908. Jan. 1. G. M. T. 17" 44" iORIONIS 1200. Observed by J. S. Pi.ask.ktt. Measured by C. R. Westlanp. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"8 Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev™ Velocity. 2 73 0104 "-30 04 2" 2 i 2 45' 1876 27-3378 27 1829 20 4529 15 3684 15 3246 2332 4015 0005 0204 0.52 V 72 72 54 53 53 45 8445 4450 7112 3621 0705 2?30 •8441 0207 38 11 2 1 2 •3993 0030 343 4424 0309 -5482 2 Weighted mean V„ V,i Curvature . . 2173 8-49 15 ■28 Radial velocity. 306 1908. Jan. 1. <;. M. T. 17h 54"' ■ ORIONIS 1207. Observed by J. S. Plaskktt. Measured by C. R. Westlanu. Wt. Mean. of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in revn! Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"" Velocity. 2 73 0202 72 8691 72 4644 54 7302 53 3729 53' 1016 2 J 1 i 2 45 2500 2 2 ■8559 0089 -12 92 45 1955 27-3682 •2191 •4119 0196 0100 0020 -20 46 - 8 68 9, 15 4206 4753 + 1 54 H •3835 0188 -2148 15 3439 2 Weighted mean. V„ V,, Curvature . Radial velocity. . 15 57 849 16 •28 245 136 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1908. Jan. 3. (J. XI. T. H1' 39™ i ORIOXIS 1212. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Xleasured by C. R. West-land. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp1 in rev"8 Velocity. Wt, .Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"" X'elocity. 2 72 9869 72-8550 72 4197 54 6914 2 2 1 i 2 53 0591 0103 0084 2 2 ■8784 0136 +1973 45 20S2 451630 27 3483 27- 1631 2284 4135 -i6:76 2 - 729 1 RSSS9S 4104 0081 + 9 26 Weighted mean . . . Va Yd Curvature Radial velocity. 933 62 09 •28 19 1908. Jan. 3. G. M. T. Ul'49n' ORIONIS 1213. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Xleasured by C. R, Westland. Wt. Xlean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"« Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. 2 73 0457 2 1 4 2 2* 45 2436 452000 27-3521 27-1863 20 6785 20 4519 2 2 72 9059 72 4819 54 7352 53 3953 53 0990 •8697 0049 + 7 11 •2300 •4121 0087 0098 - 9 08 - 867 2 14 2 ■4071 0048 5 49 7463 0343 -27% Weighted mean V„ V,; Curvature . Radial velocity. 9 33 + 0 39 08 ■28 9 1 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 137 1908. Jan. 10 G. M. T. 17" 28'" i ORION IS 1219. sasas}j.&p— Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"" Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"" Velocity. 2 72 9958 i k 2" I 2 I 2 48 3716 ■3676 ■2850 0669 0463 72 23 i 2 72 72 .-.4 53 53 48 8962 4327 0287 4557 1154 77 W> -9095 0447 + 64-87 45 45 27 27 20 20 2916 2802 4973 2786 8537 5617 48 32 1 ■4660 ■8140 0441 0334 38-27 i 2 2 •4537 0514 58-78 +27-18 Weighted mean +4913 V„ - 1231 Vrf 017 Curvature - 0 ■ 28 Radial velocity. + 364 1908. Jan. 22. G. M. T. 16'' 26'" : ORIONIS 1258. Observed by W. E. Habper. Measured by C. R. Westlanh. Wt. Mean Corrected of Star Settings. Setting. Disp' in rev"8 Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"* Velocity. 2 73 0539 72 9523 72 4852 54 7336 53 4666 53 0964 14 2 i 2 X 4 2 45 3004 45 2425 27 4588 27 2063 15 5545 15 3428 ■3315 0928 96 88 2 ■9089 0441 + 6399 2 •4990 0771 66 92 2 n 2 •4806 0783 8950 •6098 1365 + 105 65 Weighted mean + 81 30 Vo.. - 16-88 Vd - 16 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity + 640 138 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1908. Jan. 22. i ;. M. T. I6h 26" : ORIONIS 1258.' 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 £S&}W- E- =™ * Check measurement. Weighted mean Va Vd. Curvature Radial velocity - 110 22 -16-88 - 16 - 28 + 92 9 1908. Jan. 22. G. M. T. 17" 03" i ORION IS 1259. Observed by W. K Hakpek. Measured by C. R. Westland. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"" Velocity. 2 73 0069 2 J 2 4 2 452287 1 •> 72 72 54 53 53 9156 4385 7122 4594 0814 •9191 0543 + 7879 27 4702 27 1842 15 5499 5323 1104 95-83 2 6241 •1508 + 11672 1 2 4898 0875 ioo 66 15 3242 1 45 2886 3335 0948 98 97 Weighted mean Va Vd Curvature . .-16-88 - 19 - -28 + 96 01 Radial velocity. + 78-7 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 139 1908. Jan. 22. G. M. T. 17'' 03" : ORIONIS 12511* SSSS}*-*""— Wt, Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. i Wt, Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"" Velocity. 2 73 nnoa ■9003 2 1 2 2" 1 2 45 27 27 20 20 15 15 2795 56S0 2365 8613 5072 6030 374' ? 72 72 57 54 53 53 45 9506 4945 8563 0521 5196 1335 3277 0355 + 5152 ■5779 1560 135 39 3 ■8740 0934 7600 2 4976 0953 10898 1 2 •6270 1537 + 11900 1 •3197 0810 84 53 Weighted mean + 9386 V, —16-88 Vd — 19 Curvature... — 28 Check measurement. Radial velocity + 76 5 1908. Jan. 23. G. M. T. 13h 27" i ORIONIS 1262. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by C. R Westland. Wt, Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. 2 73 0116 72 9588 72 4416 54 7243 53 4805 53 0912 2 2 1 2 i 2 45 3203 45 2410 27-5200 27 2055 15 6007 15 3500 3329 ■5610 •0942 1391 98 34 2 2 9576 0928 + 13465 120 74 2 2 2 5005 0982 112 24 6492 1759 + 136 14 Weighted Mean +116 58 V,... —17 31 V; + 09 Curvature... — '28 Radial velocity. -99 1 140 DEPARTMENT OF TBE INTERIOR 1908. Jan. 23. (J. M. T. 13h27" i ORIONIS 1262* 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by) T s p,._„_ Measured by j J- b- ^LA--KETT- Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp1 in rev11' Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp1 ill ie\"s Velocity. 2 73-0200 72 9583 72 4585 647346 53-4966 53-1005 ;9480' 5066 ":0832' +"l20 74 1 2 i 2 4 2 45 3416 45 2522 27 5438 27-2172 20 9045 20 4866 •3630 1243 12973 1 •5730 1513 131 31 2 1043 1 2 119-27 11375 1569 - 127 68 Check measurement. Weighted mean +125-39 Va - 17 31 Vd + 09 Curvature.. .. - '28 Radial velocity +1079 1908 Jan. 23. G. M. T. 13h 39" i ORIONIS 1263. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by C. R. Westlanh. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in revns Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev'" Velocity. 2 1 2 73 0395 72 9916 72 4744 54 7377 53 4958 53 1087 •962o' "•0972 ^ iii:64" 2 2 1 2 i 2 45 3299 45 2520 27 4624 27 2027 15 5665 15 3414 '3515 1128 0841 117 76 73-00 2 2 2 •4998 0975 111 44 •6235 1502 + 116-25 Weighted mean + 11224 V„ - 1731 Vj. + 06 Curvature - 28 Radial velocity. . + 947 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 141 1908. Jan. 23. G. M. T. 13h 39™ iORIONIS 1263/ Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by W. E. Harper. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev1" Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. 2 73 0670 2 * 2 1 2 1 2 45 27 27 20 20 15 15 2795 4987 2300 9045 4930 6063 3665 1 73 72 66 54 53 53 45 0282 4990 3447 7649 5430 1311 3650 •9718 1070 + 155 26 51 47 0928 80-55 2 3016 1137 15145 ■9310 •1504 122 42 1 14 ■5232 1209 138 25 ■6383 1650 + 127 71 l 3591 1204 125 70 Weighted mean. V, Vrf Curvature . . * Check measurement. Radial velocity. 17 31 H •28 + 130 90 ■06 + 113 4 i ORIONIS 1265. 1908. Jan. 23. G. M. T. 14" 24"> Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by W. E. Harper. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev™ Velocity. H 73 0823 73 0381 72 5160 57 8679 54 0628 53-5166 1 u 2" 1 1 53 1506 45 3950 45 2910 27 5965 27 2462 1 1 2 9658 1010 + 146 55 3776 •5969 1389 ":i750 145 01 + 151 -yo 1 11 ■4795 0772 8824 ighted mean . . Vd + 12966 -1731 00 . . - 28 + 1120 25a— 13 142 DEi'Ai;rui:xr or the interior 1 108. Jan. 23. G. M. T. 14" 33™ . ORION'I.S 1266. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by J. S. Plaskbtt. Measured by C. R. Whstland. Wt. Mean of Settings. 730153 72-9310 72-4559 54*7312 53 4792 53-0992 Corrected Star Setting. I)tsp< in rev"' Velocity. Wt. Mian of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp< in rev1" 2 1 2 2* I 2" 45 3003 452515 274910 27-2200 15-5689 15 3653 3224 ■5176 •6022 0837 0957 1289 8738 U 2" 9247 0599 - 86-91 8307 >> •4904 -0S81 1 2 100 70 99 77 Weighted mean Vo Vd Curvature Radial velocity. 17 31 01 •28 91 C 73 5 1908. Jan. 23. (I. M. T. 14" 33- . ORIOXIS 1266.* Observed by ).j. s. PLASKKrr. Measured by J Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected: u; , Star : • >„, Setting. mre Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp« in rev™ Velocity. 2 73 0234 72 9542 72 4622 54 0274 53 4954 53 1065 45-3192 •> i 2 i 2 i 2 45 2602 27 5061 27 2310 20-9008 20 5012 1 5 5955 153749 1 2 ■9400 0752 + 109 13 5216 0996 86-44 I 1 ■9195 1389 113 04 1 1994 0971 111 05 2 6190 1457 + 112 82 * 3325 -093S 97 90 "Cheek measurement. Weighted mean V„ Vd Curvature.. . Radial velocity. .. . 17 31 01 ■28 103 76 86-2 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 143 OKIONIS12IK 1908. Jan. 24. O. M. T. llh 40" sssss }*■"*—» • Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"" Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. ■ Corrected .Star Setting. Disp' in rev,u Velocity. 2 73 0014 72 9668 72-4391 54 0260 53 5284 53 1103 45 3414 2 h 2 if 2 45 2700 27 5734 27-2696 20 9524 20 5518 15 6824 ID 4418 5410 ■1191 J 2 9740 1092 + 158-47 145:57 103 37 2 2 :5306 ":i273 9220 6404 1414 1671 115 07 + 129 38 i 3450 1063 110 94 Weighted mean + 124 74 Vc —17 50 Vd + 21 Curvature .. — '28 Radial velocity. •107-2 1908. Jan. 24. G. M. T. II" 40" ORIONIS 1268. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by C. R. Wkstlano. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev1'8 Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"8 Velocity. 2 72 9930 72 9194 72 4273 51 7191 53 4771 53 0879 9363 14 2 \ 2 i 2 45 3092 45 2463 27 5213 27-2227 15 6014 15 3776 3365 5452 6224 0978 102- 10 1 0715 + 103 -75 2 1233 1491 107 02 2 2 2 •5009 0986 112 70 + 11540 Weighted mean Va Vd + Curvature..— '28 17 50 + 107 55 ■20 Radial velocity.. ...+ 900 25a— 134 144 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1908. Jan. 24. G. M. T. llh 40" < ORIONIS 1268* 8-9 EDWARD VI!., A. 1909 Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by W. E. Harpeb. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp1 in rev1" Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in revn! Velocity. 11 72 9861 72 9076 72 4190 54 7041 53-4778 53 0723 45 3066 '0676' ' + 9722 2 1 2 1 45 2365 27 5394 27 2115 u ij •9318 •5749 1530 132 SO o 20 20 15 15 8613 4859 5531 3625 •8955 1149 9353 li ■5171 ■1148 131 22 ■> 2 2 ■5890 1157 + 89 55 2 3437 •1050 109 62 * Check measurement. Weighted Mean +11107 Va - 1750 Vd + -20 Curvature - 28 Radial Velocity + 935 1908. Jan. 24. G. M T. llh 50" . ORIONIS 1269. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by W. E. Harper. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp1 in rev"' Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp1 in rev"» Velocity. 2 73 0110 72 9546 72 4522 54 0341 53 4922 53 1137 45 3617 2 i 2 i 2 4 2 45 2762 H l| ■9530 0882 + 12798 27 27 20 20 15 15 5563 25110 9592 5361 6998 4152 5440 1221 105 98 2 1 2 1 4895 ■3591 •0872 1204 99 67 125 70 •9417 6834 1611 2101 131 13 + 162 61 Weighted mean + 123 44 Va — 1750 Va + 19 Curvature — 28 Radial velocity +1058 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 145 i ORIONIS 1274. 1908. Jan. 24. G. M. T. 14h 27m Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by C. R. Wbstland. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp1 in rev"' Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"8 Velocity. 2 54 7092 53 4465 53-0742 45 2736 4."i 2423 4 2 4 2 27-5182 27-2278 15 5660 15 3844 •5372 1153 100-07 1 ■4835 •3050 0812 + 9286 2 •5805 1072 + 8300 14 2 0663 69 20 Weighted mean +8234 Va -17 50 V« 00 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity .. . + 64'6 ; ORIONIS 1274.* 1908. Jan. 24. G. M. T. 14h 27m Observed by) T s pIASKFTT Measured by/J- b" -"ASKETT- Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in revD" Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev1" Velocity. 1 54 7350 53 4888 531048 45 3146 45 2675 27 5594 2 1 2 i 2 27 2528 20 9320 20 5318 15 6166 15 3862 1 1 •4958 0935 +106 92 •9200 ■6032 •1394 1300 11344 1 2 ■3208 0821 85 68 + 100 66 i ■5532 1313 11395 Check measurement. Weighted mean +101 34 Va -1750 Vd 00 Curvature - 28 Radial velocity + 84'5 146 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1908. Jan. 24. «. M. T. 14h 38'" .ORIONIS 127... 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"" Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. 2 729908 72 9240 72 4261 54 0097 53 4694 53 0920 43 3260 2 i 2 2* 2" 152533 27-5020 27 2480 20 8872 20-5297 15-6014 15 1106 1401 i 1 9429 078] + 113 33 •5620 52152 1 •8962 1156 93-85 1 ■4890 ■0867 99 14 2 •6500 1767 + 136 76 3460 1073 11201 W.-igtited mean +11202 \ -17-50 Vd 04 Curvature. . .. - '28 Radial velocity . . 94 3 1908. Jan. 25. G. M. T. 15h 12" ORIONIS 1277. SSESg}'-"*— » Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Dispt in revna Velocity. Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"- Velocity. 2 73 0765 72 9238 72 5099 2 1 2 i 2 45 2179 ■2356 •4275 0031 0050 3 23 ,* ■857S 0070 -10 16 27 27 20 20 15 15 3695 1S6S 6785 4425 425S 3079 + 480 2 54 0395 53 3982 53-1206 45 ''559 •7545 ■5038 0261 0305 -2124 2 3887 0136 15 55 + 2302 2 ' Weighted mean... V„ Yd Curvature . Kadial Velocity . . - 703 -17-89 - 09 - 28 259 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 147 1908. Jan. 25 G. M. T. 1.7' 27" ORION 18 1278. 8SE5 &}'•*»—» • Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp< in rev"- Velocity . Wt. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting. Disp' in rev"' Velocity. 2 i 1 73 72 72 54 53 53 45 0714 9068 5051 0384 45i 14 1212 2628 S45C. 4409 6is>2 •0386 27 86 1 2 I 2 i 1 15 2477 27 3824 27 1954 20-7192 2(> 1526 15 4008 15 3204 ■2585 •4330 7860 1)198 0111 0054 + 2066 - 9-63 2 i 2 • 44 15 + 439 ■ 4785 (1052 1 02 2 Weighted mean Va Yd Curvature.. K;uli:il velocity 17 90 10 12 1 - 619 PREVIOUS OBSERVATIONS OF i ORIONIS. Date, Julian Day. Velocity. Phase Residuals c— o. Sept. 5 93 . „ 25 111 " 2694 Oct. 17-97 . 23-98.. . 1903. 2,416,363-93 383 91 384 94 405-97 411 98 2,416,418-83 21 + 40- + 57- + 35- ■ 42- . 90- 1 114 21-63 22 65 14 55 20-56 27 33 - 5- + 15- + 4- -15 + 7' 30 83 o- 148 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR i ORIONIS. Si m vary of Measures. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Brashear Spectroscope. Plate Number. J )ate. 1906 Dec. 1164 .. 18 58 1907 Jan. 2 9 15 16 18 2] ■2: 28 30 *i i 6 7 12 L'l 22 6 G „ 8 „ 8 .. 11 „ 11 ., 20 .. 20 „ 20 ., 26 .. 28 „ 311 April 3 .. 3 Feb. Mar. Julian Dav. 2,417,556 64 563 58 578 585 591 592 591 597 598 604 606 606 611 613 614 619 628 629 641 641 643 643 646 646 65". 655 655 661 663 665 669 669 671 671 672 672 677 53 Velocitie 5. Weighted Mean. Phase. Residuals C— O + 116 28 91 - 14 — 22 671 - 14 + 34 2176 + 22 4- 101 28 74 + 1 - 51 564 0 - 6 664 - 30 + 6 S-65 - 25 + 21 11-64 - 17 + 10 1267 0 + 43 18 58 - 3 + + 65 48 l + 56 2059 - 16 + 1 + 66 25 51 + 11 + 77 27 64 + 16 + 106 28 51 - 6 - 82 4 37 + 7 + 9 13 43 + 5 + 22 14 49 - 1 + + 83 ■7: . l + 79' 26 44 + 1 + 9 + + 106 109 1 + 108- 28 45 - 6 - 9 - 101 122 I J - 112- 2 34 0 + 7 + 13 1 - 11 + 15 \ + 13- 11 31 - 13 + 11 1 - 9 + 33 17 27 + 1 + 40 19 27 - 3 + 62 2128 - 9 1 + + 70 61 1 f + 66- 25 30 + 5 + 14 + + 86 67 l + 76- 2728 + 4 + 13 + + 90 107 1 f + 99- 2827 + 8 - 9 - 89 414 + 9 Single-Prism Spectroscope. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a Summary of Measures— Continued. 149 Plate Number. Date. Julian Day. Velocities. Weighted Mean. Phase. Residuals C-O. 1115 Oct. -30 '78 2,417,879-78 - Ill 1 !,, - 5 1116 u 3080 879 80 - 120- 245 + 3 1117 ,i 30 82 879 82 - 114- J - 4 1118 i. 30 85 879 85 - 112- - 7 1119 ii 30-88 879-88 - 119- -124- 2 53 - 1 1120 ., 3090 879 90 - 129 + 9 1121 „ 3178 880 78 93- 1 - 7 1122 „ 31-82 880 82 78- V - 85- 346 -21 1123 „ 31 86 880 86 - 84- J - 4 1124 Nov. 1-77 88177 - 81- \ + 9 1125 „ 181 88181 - 62- -10 1126 „ 1-83 881-83 97 W ■ 89- P 52 \ n 4 45 + 2§ + 17 -18 1127 „ 185 881-85 1136 „ 1177 89177 + 17- W 1 + 3 + 16 H + 28- \ + 22- 14 43 + 4 - 8 1137 „ 1179 891 77 1141 „ 1575 895 75 + 27" 1 +10 1142 „ 15 76 895 76 + 28- + 31- 18 40 + 11 1143 ,. 1577 895-77 + 37 J + 2 1147 „ 16-73 896 73 + 45- + 42- 19'38 - 4 1148 „ 16 75 896 75 + 39 + 2 1161 i, 28-88 908 88 - 126- W + 12 908 90 - 104 P - 120- H - 144- W -115 2 40 -10 + 6 +30 1162 ii 28 90 - 109- P - 115- H - 85- 1 - 5 + 1 -15 1166 „ 2990 909 90 1167 „ 29 91 909 91 - 131 ■ W 3 40 . +31 - 114 H - 38- + 14 - 7 1168 Dec. 3 64 913-64 1169 3 65 366 913 65 913-66 - 9 26- V - 27- 7 14 + 20 + 5 1170 1178 473 914 73 15- 823 - 6 1188 1189 „ 2165 „ 2176 i, 2466 93165 93176 934 66 + 71- 79- + 104- } + 76- 25 20 28 14 + 5 - 3 + 4 1190 . 1191 ., 2854 938 54 - 104- ] +12 1192 „ 28'63 938 63 - 117 L 116' 300 - 4 1193 „ 28 64 93S 64 - 114 - 1 1194 „ 28 64 938 64 - 123- 1 + 9 1201 1202 „ 28-82 „ 28-82 938 82 938 82 - 113 - 123- -118- 318 + 5 + 15 1203 1204 „ 3081 „ 30 82 940 81 940 82 - 43- - 49- I - 46- 5 17 -14 - 8 1908. 1206.. 1207 Jan. 174 .. 1 75 942 74 942 75 - 31 - 24- 1 - 28- 7- 10 + 1 - 7 1212 „ 361 944 61 - 2- I " 6 8 98 -16 1213 „ 362 944 62 - 9. - 5 1219 „ 1073 ., 22 69 951 73 963 69 + 36 + 64- W 6 09 - 8 + 32 1258 ~| + 93 H + 79- W I + 81- 28 06 + 3 +17 1259 „ 22 -ri 963 71 + 77- H + 99- W +19 + 4 1262 ,i 23-56 964 56 + 108- P + 95- W + 113 H + 112- + 102- 2894 - 5 + 8 -10 - 9 1263 „ 2357 964 57 1265 ., 23 60 964 60 1266 ,. 23 60 964 60 + 82- J +21 1267 •• 24 49 965-49 + 107- i +101- - 6 1268 ii 24 49 965-49 + 90- W + 94 H 0 71 +12 -i- 8 1269 ii 24-50 965 50 + 106 - 4 150 DEPART \l EST OF TBS ISTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1908 Summary oi Msasdbks— Concluded. Plate Number. Date. .Tulian Daj 2,417,965 60 Velocities. - 6 W 84 H • 94 26 12 Weighted Mean. I'll.' - Residuals G-O. 1274 1908. Jan. 24(50 1 - .0 82 1-85 + 28- 9 1275 24i.O 1277.. . . „ 25 63 1278. ., 25 64 965 60 96C 53 2,417,966-64 r 6 - 8- PB \SKS AND VKLOCITIES. Pliase. Mean Velocity. No. of Plates. - Phase. Mean Velocity. Xo. of Plates. 0-65 1013 5 14 53 + 274 5 ii 82 ■ 91 0 2 16 67 + 34 7 2 1 60 - 30 8 10 is 44 + 34 -3 4 1-85 - 21 3 2 19 32 - 41 2 2 243 115 7 10 20 67 - 51 2 0 307 -118 •7 5 21 65 - 453 o 3 44 92 1 5 22 65 + 57-0 1 4 39 .:> 1 r, 25 30 + 700 5 5 33 47 8 3 211 44 + 790 2 14 n ■> 27 39 - 800 4 7 12 27 3 ;• 28 IK - 921 5 889 - 2 1 5 28 53 + 1055 4 11-39 150 4 28 93 -104-9 ■ ' 13 05 9 5 2 As previously stated, the observations corresponding to the velocities given in columns 4 and 5 and the phases in column 6 of the table containing the summary of measures, are plotted in Fig. 4, where the single circles represent single observations and the double circles the weighted means of two or more observations on the same night. The grouped results in the succeeding table of observations grouped in phases are plotted in Fig. 5. The full line curve in the latter figure is the velocity curve for an eccentricity e of 0-75, a longitude of the apse u> of 110° and a double amplitude 2K of 224 kms., which are the values chosen for the elements as best agreeing with the observations. Owing to the considerations previously mentioned, especially that relating to the possibility of a secondary disturbance, a final determination of the elements by the usual methods is out of the question. They only suffice to give preliminary values which must be corrected by a species of trial and error. For this purpose, the application of your method of obtaining elements to the construction of an ephemeris and the drawing of the velocity curve or to changing these to correspond to changes in the elements has been found very useful as the labour involved therein is reduced to a minimum. REPORT OF ran CHIEF ASTRONOMER 151 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a No simple elliptic orbit will give a velocity curve agreeing with a smooth curve drawn as closely as possible through the observed points, and we are forced to the conclusion, either that the differences are due to errors in the observations or to secondary disturbances in the orbit. The latter seems to be the most likely, for, although it is probable enough that two or three observations may be in error to the extent shown by the figure, it is hardly possible that for 10 or 12 days before apastron passage the residuals should be almost wholly negative, and for 10 or 12 days after almost wholly positive. These residuals can be considerably reduced and a curve agreeing fairly well with the observations on the ascending branch may be obtained by increasing the eccentricity to about 0-82. An eccentricity of 0-80 is shown by one of the dotted curves in Fig. 5. The use of an eccentricity of even 0-80 produces much higher residuals on the rapidly descending branch and at the points of maximum and minimum velocity, than an eccentricity of 0-75 in the ascending branch. In the descending branch any errors of observation or even any moderate secondary disturbance would have very little effect on the position or inclination of the curve. It was, therefore, considered preferable to determine the eccentricity by the inclination of the curve around periastron rather than by agreement around apastron, and it was for this purpose that observations in that phase were so long awaited. A reference to the curves of oscillation. Fig. 3, for e = 0-70, 0-75 and 0-80 shows that the eccentricity can be determined to within 0-01 by the inclination of the descending branch, and it may be stated that the same criterion may be used to determine the eccentricity whatever the value of - — r (2 + e cos v) s K8e d! { 1-e" ) K8 - (sin u + e sin «) K8u> - sin u (1 + e cos v)' (t - T) £—, (l-e')% + sin u (1 + e cos v) ,„ ^ ,.„. (l-fl)% The coefficient of Sjit was omitted as the period was considered final and an additional unknown of coefficient unity was introduced as a correction for the velocity of the system. There result the following 26 observation equations in which for homogeneity we put x = SE y = K8e = 112- 8e z = K8o> = 112- 8m u = *^ = 83-46 8T v = 8y • A. N. No. 3242. 154 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 OBSERVATION EQUATIONS FOR 1st SOLUTION. X ;/ -~ u I Wt. 717 + 648 933 - IS'.I 4-1 000 h 4 ii 7 + Osl ■ 012 1 646 + -234 ■ 1 MOM 1 I' 10 415 S26 1 692 299 - 1 000 <; 7 2 -1 228 -1 425 - '.HO 472 1 INK) - 0 1 9 1 178 • l 396 + 317 •360 +1000 + 4 i 6 1 072 +1-955 + 127 372 +1-000 4 ■1 4 _ 838 4-2074 - 109 - 270 + 1 (KM. + 3 0 5 _ 689 4-1832 197 204 + 1 000 - 8 5 3 - 511 4-1 401 + 262 - 142 +1000 -22 5 1 — 466 4-1279 4- 273 Kin ^1000 - 6 1 5 _ 323 + -868 - 293 098 +1-000 - 5 9 4 - 161 + -384 + 291 075 +1-000 -12 3 2 - 074 + 124 4- -278 067 +1-000 + 2 9 1 - 004 nst + 203 iir,2 + 1 000 - 5 b 4 + 084 338 • 235 059 +1000 - 5 1 2 + 173 •586 4- 198 058 + 1000 + 7 2 4 - 20U 685 - 180 - 058 ■^1 000 , + 2 3 3 X- 270 - 842 + -146 - -059 ^1 000 - 0 7 4 + 308 - 938 4- 121 ii '.2 +1-1 + 11 2 2 + 358 1 056 4- -084 065 1-000 + 3 9 1 + 496 1-315 - 046 - 077 - 1000 t 4 fi 3 + 567 -1-386 - 137 086 ^ rni iii + 5 2 1 + 628 1 376 - 239 - 092 + 1000 + 9 5 2 + 681 -1-259 357 - 092 + 1000 1 .; 8 4 -j- 708 1112 442 085 -1 nun - 5 7 2 + 730 -0 867 541 - 065 + 1 000 Ii 2 4 From these observation equations were obtained the following normal equations : — + 44-968* - 29-522j/ + 3-3222z + 0-327u -14 + 228-5071/ -41-899z + 65-630u +39 + 51-7242 -53-431u -33 + 76-940u +25 + 95 291» 4- 98-606 = 0 089 v -244-074 = 0 929t> - 33-442 = 0 424u - 56-373 = 0 OOOv - 15-800 = 0 Their solution gives x = -2-084 2/ = + -5827 2 = +6-0337 u = +4-2237 »=+ -6376 8Z = -2-084 km. 8e = + -0052 8> , — «■ • •>» o° <5 V V <\ >Si J i j J i ? s § S < J i 5 ! i* I J J 5 1 14 ■S I 25a— p. 154. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 155 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a Making the same substitutions for homogeneity as before we get the following observation equations. OBSKRVATION EQUATIONS FOB 2nd SOLUTION. X ii : u r / Wt. + 677 v 542 - 914 + 163 +1000 - 129 7 + 124 + 3 547 —1 599 +2 042 + 1 000 + 4 28 10 - 335 + 1-883 -1 693 + 2 901 + 1000 + 3 52 2 -1263 —1-582 - 958 + 572 + 1000 - 0 83 9 —V208 + 1-526 - -277 — 402 + 1000 + 4 45 6 -1088 + 2108 - "079 — 403 + 1000 - 3 06 4 - 833 + 2-159 + -152 — 278 + 1000 + 5 83 5 - 678 1868 + -232 — 206 + 1 000 - 5 18 3 - 495 +1-393 + -287 — 141 + l-oo » —19 11 1 - '449 • 1260 - 295 _ 128 + 1000 — 2 64 5 — -306 + -820 + -306 — 095 +1000 — 2 83 4 - 146 + -335 +■ -295 — 071 + 1000 — 9 71 2 061 + 075 + -278 — 063 + 1000 + 5 15 1 + -008 — 133 + -258 _ 059 + 1000 — 3 62 4 + 093 - 384 + 227 — 055 + 1 000 — 3 77 2 + 178 — -625 + 186 — 054 + 1-000 + 7 97 4 + 215 - -720 + -166 -- 054 + 1 000 + 2 89 3 + 268 — -866 + 130 — 055 + 1000 - 0 79 4 + -3(10 — 961 + 103 — 057 + 1-000 + 11 01 2 + 354 -1 071 + 061 — 059 + 1000 + 3 23 1 + 482 —1-306 — 068 069 + 1 000 + 2 57 3 + -547 -1 353 ■159 070 + 1000 + 2 42 1 + 602 -1-342 ■260 — 080 + 1000 + 5 73 2 + 649 -1-2J3 - 375 — 078 + 1000 + 247 4 J- 672 -1078 - 456 — 071 + 1000 —10 44 2 + -691 - 845 — 553 — 052 + 1000 — 4 98 4 Whence the normal equations + 45-058.E- 28-0472/+ 2-576z + 0-726u - 14-660t- + 266-9942/ - 45-6862! + 65-208u + 43 + 50-372z-48-247w-33 + 64-085M + 22 95 0 Their solution gives x = - -0193 y = - -1014 z = - -0674 u = -1-4430 v = - -0018 697v + 117 053v- 70 897u+ 95 000r+ 34 731 = 0 502 = 0 762 = 0 820 = 0 800 = 0 8K = - -0193 km. Se = - -00092 8o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©~©©© oooooooooooooooooooooooo D ■pua c c r- c ?; n i-t--r— • — m — oxxriMc- - — t~ © C. O C-l © © r ■DCXOCNOONnr MM 1 I I I I I M M M M M I ■Sum -uiSag lO b- i-t Ci — < i-H o -x i- o r, t: !DS^^OHHO«00HnOHHHOtDtoO«OOO l* c 1 1 c o o x c -x b i c h -- x x a t- b b « « i- i i i i i i i i i. i i i i i i i i i M e ■pna J O NC OCO» X (T X M O <-~ i iTT i i ox^rrcocoxc cccsoxeoicioooooo m> t- j: r. r. " m x t- x ^ o fi k c w « nnsn c t- i i i i i iTTj i mTTTTTTTTTTI i 0 pi •Sum -Ul^3fJ j on-rTxx (N O C4 C£ 1Q iQ i m i OOttiOKOi5 09XOOXl*COOOO»XiOOiO X N t- N T. 7. -h Jl 3V X X ih -t N f X N « X X N M X *X i i i i i m 7 i i 1 777TTTTT7T i i i o ■p«ra K C t -r * o ia I t I 1 I I — --rem CD "* V "«« tO l~ i MrtKNN. •*j"~( C-J i-H x © t>- X C CT. t- — ~ -X w N I 30 X i— t- t- X — * 0 - i* •SJaiUUQ *eAt)«8ax; jo -o^ si,oo-t»«x3it,iii-r.rtXH'ririNr.HMf ?^ M N N C-l ?) ?1 3*1 TJ rj ?1 M ?1 M n X X X X X X X CO o REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a Ph Ph Ph Oh W P-i Ph 159 8 "8 &Vs • 5 O jj O « « ej Ph Q Eg J Eh 53 Ph f -* *n ic H H M CO M « PJ 00 00 X 00 33 QO CO 00 OO 00 CO 30 00 X ppssboo *0 O iO tO "*f -tif. CO CO CO CO CO CO ■<*• OH-fflOOM + 111 + «o x ii> oco -* m OH-tflOOCO + 111 + O X o o too X iTT" i i i oeowomoto t-« — . .— II 1 1 1 I 1 CO CO CO CI ph h H N W C) CO H ^ h £h£ps£££ fJO'tOfl-H HtOHNOOS t^-t^t^ t- t- t-- t— co co co co ci ci co CO *P b- OS CO "<•• iO C5^f*tNQ0Cl CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 25a— 14J 160 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1907. Nov. 11. G. M. T. 20h04m it- ORIONIS 1138. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 8SESg}w.*H««. Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. ^ > R Velocity. + 19-59 1 2 1 1 2 2 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. hi p Velocity. 2 r. 73 0155 72-8H45 724527 54 7465 53 i:iS7 53 1201 487761 - 0057 72 8783 0135 48-3420 45 2818 -0082 48 3356 0249 26 89 a - 0078 - 0046 - 0081 - -0ii61 45-2802 274810 27-2711 15 5256 154345 - 0245 45 2720 27-4570 0333 0351 34 76 2 1? '53-4313 0290 33 15 30 47 2 15-4896 0163 + 1262 rf - -03E9 Weighted mean. ... +27 '73 Va +14 26 Vd Curvature 09 •28 Radial velocity . -416 1907. Nov. 11. G. M. T. 20»04m f ORIONIS 1138.* Observed by W. E. Harper. Measured by J. S. Plaskett. 2 2 2* 2: 2l Mean of Settings. •0062 ■8721 •4388 0186 4330 1052 7672 3138 •2631 Correction Corrected to Star Compar. Lines. + 0036 Setting. 0061 0102 :0068 0028 72 8766 53 4420 48 3166 45-2655 .SP3 0118 .0397 0059 0268 Velocity. + 17-12 45 40 6 37 27-971 Mean of Settings. 45 2712 ■9215 •8904 0220 4666 2652 -8105 5475 Correction to Compar. Lines. + 0024 ' '-' ' -0200 0186 •0275 Corrected Star Setting. 30-9020 29-0025 27-4478 20 '7840 Jo ™ > .SPS 0264 0013 0259 0034 Velocity. - 23 71 - 115 + 2248 + 2 77 Check measurement Weighted mean. . . V„ Vd + 28 00 . + 1426 Radial velocity .... . + 41 9 09 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 161 190r. Nov. 23. G. M. T. 17" 12"' * ORIONIS 1158. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by W. E. Harprr. 4-J of Settings. Correction to ( /ompar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. 0 . > y Or to B 3' Velocity . 1 2 1 2 1 J i2 Mean of Settings. Correction to ( lompar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. "3 5 Velocity. « 73 0935 72-8452 72 5259 54-7590 53 3004 - 0S37 •1026 -148-87 53 1287 - 0167 48-1378 272419 1729 1800 1 727622 "53-2837 4813571 45 25051 + 0141 271693 27 17401 07-'ii 186 73 1! 9 0810 - 0171 -156 24 li 1186 -135 56 Weighted mean Va V, Curvature .... -15426 . + 898 + 09 - 28 Radial velocity - 1455 * ORIONIS 1182. 1907. Dec. 4. G. M. T. 19" 46'° Me^dbyl^-S-P-KKTT. Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. "3 . > O D .2 tf 5'" Velocity. 2 i \ i 2 I 2 i ■2 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. 6 .fa; Q Velocity . 45 2250 0137 28 9280 0758 27-3928 0280 '•20-7630 0176 15 4145 0588 14 30 66 82 2508 14:32 -45;53 Weighted mean V.7 Vrt Curvature.. . Radial velocity 3179 8 07 00 •28 43 1 REPORT OF TEE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 163 1907. Dec. 28. G. M. T. 16h (XI'" <£ ORIONIS 1105* Observed by j T s p Measured by JJ- b' "A8KETT- Mean of Settings. Correction to Con. par. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. a £ > Q Velocity. 2 i 2 I 2 1 2 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. a 2 "3 £ > rv ® O Velocity . 9, 73 01 .« - 0037 48 7258 + 0442 48 2540 0567 1 72 72 06 54 53 53 53 8230 4482 1545 7088 0958 3452 074S 72 8195 66 1640 53 3800 0453 0239 0223 -65 74 31 84 25 50 48 45 45 20 20 15 15 2094 2185 1562 6678 4280 3196 2876 61 22 9, — 0033 4- 0551 i 2 2 45 2110 20 7578 15 4296 0277 0288 0437 28-91 + 0331 + 0330 '+ 0372' +' 0920 + 1110 18 55 -3384 Weighted mean . . . V„ V„ Curvature. Check Measurement. Radial velocity. 39 75 807 00 -28 47 9 1907. Dee. 28. G. M. T. 16h 45™ 4> ORIONIS 1196. Observed by t T 0 t, Measuredby]J-b-PlASKETr- $ Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. a <3 > O Velocity . - 25 11 1 ■2 1 3* 2* 1 2 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. S"3 J2 > a. ^ R Velocity. 2 4 2 73 72 72 53 53 53 48 48 45 0046 8427 4390 9884 2702 0700 7150 1743 + 0042 "+ 0059' + 0404 72 8475 0173 45 30 28 27 27 20 20 15 15 1257 7901 8261 2504 1577 6274 4270 2944 29(iS +0803' 45-1872 28 9110 27 3390 0515 ■0928 •0829 53 75 81 80 2 53 3117 0906 10362 71 '94 i + 0889 + 0930 + 1078 2 + 0420 20 7200 0606 49 '32 2 + 0550 + 0614 4 2 48 2305 0802 86 59 154015 0718 —55 59 Weighted mean . . . V„ Yd Curvature Radial velocity. . . . - 62 33 - 808 - 07 ■28 164 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 1908. Jan. 1. G. M. T. 20L 00"> \iORIONIS1208. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Mealed bUJ"S-P— Mean of Settings. 2 73 .'. 72 1.'. 72 1 54 A 53 2 53 2 48 1 48 1 45 0428 ■9980 4727 0354 5534 1133 ■7054 4543 '3584 Correction to Compar. Lines. - 0330 — 0278 — -0066 — 0013 + -0046 Corrected Star Setting. 72 9600 53 5494 48 4593 45 3678 J3 > .2(2 1012 1471 I486 1291 Velocity. + 146 '86 16822 160 44 134 74 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. 45 2641 30 8526 29 1834 27 6044 27-2160 209432 20 4873 15 6603 15 3578 + 0095 + 0178 + 0306 '+"■0327 '+ 0418 Corrected Star Setting. 29 2085 27 6344 20 9760 i6'7020 8 ° S > .2Ph Q 1984 ■ 2125 1954 :2287 Velocity . 174 91 184 43 159 02 + 177-08 Weighted mean . . V« ..+156-39 —999 Vj — 02 — -28 Radial velocity +145 '9 1S08. Jan. 1. G. M. T. 19'- 00"' i ORIONIS 1209. SESSSfc }*■»■*"»»* -»-» £ Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. e £ > .305 Velocity . Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. .5 si Q Velocity. a 73 0522 — 0424 2 2 i 2 i 2 i 2 1 45 2038 + 0098 + 0260 "+ 0372 29-2070 27-5708 20 9410 •2032 1489 1604 1994 \ 73-0320 72 4900 — 0441 54 0314 — 0026 535572 53 1117 — 0003 48 7632, + -0068 484613 453738! 72-9890 ■ 1242 + 180 24 30 29 27 27 20 20 15 15 8434 1760 5338 2094 8970 4760 6247 3474 179 06 '' 1531 129 23 2 53 5557 174 43 130 53 ■,' + -0440 ] 48 4690 45 3836 1683 1449 18171 151 23 15 6727 + 154 39 1 + -048S ighted mean . .. + 15846 Va -10 00 V* - 22 - 28 Radial velocity +148 0 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 165 190S. Jan. 3. G. M. T. 15h 21" $ ORIONIS 1214. Observed by \ T q pIAKKFTn. Measured by ) J- S> ™askett. $ Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. a Velocity. +3 Mean of Settings. Correction to Con i par. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. J5 > o Velocity. s 73 72 72 54 53 53 48 48 45 0580 9394 4971! 0454 4241 1257 7757 3130 ?I740 - 0482 +3512 1 2 I ! •J ! 2 i 1 45 2463 30 8538 28-9764 27-3824 27 2204 20 7356 20 4850 15 3994 15 3517 45 2460 28 9980 27 4084 0073 •0058 0135 + 7 62 i •> 72 8990 0242 + 0166 - -0527 - 0166 - 0137 - -0057 - 0004 - 511 ]', 53 40£>i •'oofis " + '7:78 + :0262 -11-72 9 20 7700 0106 - 863 - 48'3080 0027 - 292 + 0350 + 0469 t 15 4460 0273 -21 14 Weighted mean .... v„ Vd . + 415 + 02 -1086 - -28 - 7 0 1908. Jan. 3. U. M. T. 161' 01" ■■p ORIONIS 1215. Observed by 1 T „ t> „„ Measured by )J-&-Pl-ASKETT- 1$ Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. • Corrected Star Setting. §"3 .3 > Q. OJ .2P3 Q Velocity. ij 2" i 'J ! l Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. a 8 "3 .art Q Velocity. 2 73 0242 72-8754 72-4571 54-0183 53 4276 53 0957 48-7494 48 3062 45 2476 45 2154 - 0144 ""-' 0122 + 0105 30 8730 '+' '0434 30 9164 •0408 +3664 1 72 8615 0033 - 479 30 28 27 27 20 20 15 8270 9427 3824 1953 7092 4606 3.S97 •>, 28-9900 27 4330 20 7682 15 4577 013* 0111 0124 0156 -1216 ?, ' 53-4419 :0396 + 9 63 + 4526 + 0513 + 0594 I1 + 0163 + '0200 + 0260 10 09 ?, *J 48 3262 0155 + 16 74 -1207 15 3298 + 0688 1 45 2414 0027 + 2 82 Weighted mean. . . . Vo . . , + 616 -10-86 Vd - -04 - 28 Radial velocity ... . - 5 0 166 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 1906. Jan. 13 <;. M. T. 17b 26" * ORIONIS 1220. Observed by 1 j s pLASKErr. Measured by I Mian of Settings. 04(1(1 0140 •4802 0471 •4106 1214 7724 » i6i ; Correction to Com par. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. - 0362 0341 0183 Oi Hi I 0024 72 S787 '53:3980 48 3046 .2 5= 0138 0043 •0061 Veloci ty. + 20 32 402 6:59 Mean of Settings. 45 2724 45 2480 30 8588 28 9800 27 3846 27 2291 20 7507 20 5002 Correction to Conipar. Lines. + 0012 + 0116 0175 0108 Corrected Star Setting. 45 2500 28 9946 27-4016 20 7700 — S Veloci ty. .2 — 0113 IHI92 0203 11 79 "811 17 62 0106 + 8'03 Weighted mean + 10 24 V„ -1531 Vrf. - 19 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity. + ORIONIS 1221. 1908. Jan. 13. G. M. T. 18h 00" Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by C. R. Wrstlanh. Mean of Settings. 0077 8428 4437 7101 3822 11800 7314 Correction to Conipar. Lines. + 0021 0012 (1318 Corrected Star Setting. 728446 ii.;-Jii (1386 53 4142 8£ 'H. a .2tf Q (1202 i ill '.i Veloci ty. -29 31 "+13:60 Mean of Settings. 48 2640 45 2202 45 2306 27 3822 27 190U 20 6969 20 4587 Correction Correoted Compar. Lines. Setting. J2 > .2W Q Veloci ty. ■ (1 130 ' +' ' :0566 '+ :0613 48 3032 45 2632 0075! 02451 - 8 10 + 2558 27 4386 0167 +1450 20 7580 0226 -1840 Weighted mean +4'25 Va -1631 V, Clll \uture - '28 Radial velocity. 11 6 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 167 1908. Jan. 14. G. M. T. 13" 21" i ORIONIS 1227. £=>bv}.,s.PLASKET, 43 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. c — > Q Velocity. $ Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. B 8°' ■ji pi 5 Velocity 9 73-0150 72 9972 72 4545 54-0252 53-5358 53 1120 48 7702 48 4710 45 3752 - 0052 - 0096 + 0036 2 '■ 2 2 i 45 2726 31*0876 30 8775 29-1706 27-5845 27-2198 20-9600 20 5298 + -ooio - 6671 0032 - 0098 • 31 0810 2044 \\ 72 9900 1252 + 181 69 183 59 1 53 : 5360 "1337 29 1650 27 5800 20-9500 1612 1581 1694 142-07 1 152 90 137 22 9 0002 + 13785 48 4710 45 3760 1603 1373 173 08 I 143 30 Weighted mean +156 23 V.....I -15 64 Vd + 15 Curvature . . - '28 Radial velocity +1405 1908. .Tan. 14. G. M. T. 13h 21'" i> ORIONIS 1227. Observed by J. S. Plaskktt. Measured by W. E. Harpkb. 43 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. — > Q Velocity. i 2 2 2* 1 2 Mean of Settings. Correction tu Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. Velocity. 2 73 0188 - 0090 48 4800 48 ■ 4770 1663 1610 1755 179 60 ' 72 72 54 53 9643 4582 0325 5490 1170 77^4 72 9542 8894 + 12972 45 45 27 27 20 20 4040 2780 6012 2501 9720 5K11 45 3997 168 OS 2 - 0133 - 0037 -0044 2 • 27 ■ 5974 152 33 1', 53 5436 1413 lii 50 -0038 -0111 2 53 - 0050 - 0024 20 9613 1807 + 147 OS 2 4S 1 Check measurement. Weighted mean ... V„ .. +160 94 -15 64 Vd Curvature. . . + 15 -28 Radial velocity +1452 168 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1908. Jan. 16. G. M. T. 11" 55™ MORION IS 1233. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by jj g pLi8KETT. Measured by J Mean of Settings. 73 72 72 .M 53 53 48 ■is 0133 ■9294 ■4524 0273 4464 1053 ■7630 3717 Correction to Com par. Lines. - 0035 "- :007o + 0015 + Oo67 + -0070 Corrected Star Setting. Velocity. \ ■1 1 2 2 "72: 9240 0592 + 8591 53 4520 0497 5683 48 3785 0678 73 20 Mean of Settings. ■3102 •2684 ■9514 8744 0574 •4774 ■2494 Correction to Compar. Lines. + 0052 -"'OMO - 0028 Corrected Star Setting. 45 3155 30-9474 29 0510 27 4744 go R ■0768 0718 0502 0525 Velocity. 80 16 64 49 44 24 + 4556 Weighted mean . . . Vo.. .. . + 6733 - 1628 V 0551 1041 0558 Velocity. '-"79:96 "ii9:6i '60:25 Mean of Settings. •2571 1368 •8592 7522 ■2694 ■2326 6574 ■50'.lii Correction to Compar. Lines. + 0165 Corrected Star Setting. .1 45 1530 + 0112 0140 0104 30 7650 27 2824 20 66S0 So £05 0857 0906 1395 1126 Velocity. 89 44 81 38 121 07 - 91 63 Weighted mean. . Va Vri Curvature.. Radial velocity . + 012 9630 1803 - 028 ■1145 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 169 908. Jan. 20. G. M. T. 13h 53"> + ORIONIS 1239. Observed byl T „ p Measured by jJ- " ' ^LASh-ETT- $ Mean of Settings. Correction to Com par. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. it Q Velocity . ss 2 i r ', I 2 ! 1 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. it a Velocity <>, 72 9948 + 0150 + 0127 + 0148 + 0138 + 0177 "72 7972 0676 45 2593 + '0143 + 0114 451670 307775 27-3110 "20 6310 '1717 0981 1109 1496 72 72 54 53 53 48 48 7832 4322 0140 2777 ii! 18 2 7523 2301 - 9810 45 30 30 27 27 20 20 1530 S690 7664 3097 2476 6404 5297 74 83 ?, •iio3' 88 11 1 53 2920 126 13 96 25 ?, + -ooio — 0097 " —12174 I 48 2450 0657 ro 94 Weighted mean — 9904 V„ — 1788 Vd + 0 04 Curvature — 028 Radial velocity — 1172 1908. Jan. 22. G. M. T. 15h 29"» * ORIONIS 1257. Observed by\ T „ prA,KlfTT Measured by/ J- b" ^LASKETT- ±5 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. g .gP5 Q Velocity . h i 2 i 2 2 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. a Q Velocity . ?, 73 0294 — 0196 ' — '•0199 + 0042 48 3194 + 0154 + 0303 48 3320 45-2710 "27-4620 20 8210 0213 0323 oioi 0404 23 00 i ?. 72 72 54 53 53 48 9192 4648 0246 4333 1064 7577 72 8994 0346 + 50-21 45 45 27 27 20 90 2558 2582 4321 2163 7860 4850 33 71 ?, 34 SO 1 53 4383 0360 41 17 ?, + 0056 + 0123 + 32 88 ?, + 0350 Weighted mean + 3574 Va — 18-82 Vd. — 0 10 Curvature — 028 Radial velocity + 16 5 170 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 1908. Jan. 23. (i. M. T. 14»03"» 4. ORIONIS 1264. Observed by )j. S. Plaskett. Measured by ) 4a Meau of Settings. 73 0428 72 8747 72 4818 540477 53 3306 Correction Corrected Compar. „ *!'"' Lines! feett,n^ a 3"° z. -^ 3 Velocity . 2 4 2 .', I 2 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. £ > - i Q Velocity 1, — 0330 i 48 7807 48-2S61 45-2757 45 1532 27 2624 27 2330 — G107 "— 0021 '"+ 0i36 ■2764 0343 1 | 8407 — 0369 —0189 3116 0240 0907' —34 97 i037i 37 03 2 1 1510 2760 0877 1459 9194 -126-63 " 53 1312 0192 ... Weighted mean . V„ vd Curvature . Radial velocity. -77 60 -19 16 00 - -28 97 0 1908. Jan. 23. G. M. T. 14h 03" ; ORIONIS 1264'- Observed by J. S. Plaskbtt. Measured by W. E. Harper. Mean of 49 Settings. £ 2 73 0831 { 72 9085 2 72 5140 1 54 0815 2 53 3680 2 53 1634 2 48 8135 Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. 1£ 0733 . ■8361 0696 0527 0514 0135 3160 0287 0863 Velocity Mean of Settings. * -41 64 98 53 18-3130 45-3130 45-1863 27 2977 27 2674 20-7050 20 5350 Correction to Compar. Lines. I Corrected Star Setting. -2700 0394 ■0208 :6i50 1470 -2769 6900 o 0407 0917 1450 0906 Velocity . 4396 95 73 12586 -73 75 Weighted mean . . V„ V„ Curvature Radial \elocity. 1 Check measurement ; -101 2 used as the combined result. -85 19 -19 16 00 -104 6 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 171 1008. Jan. 24. &. M. T. 12" 49™ .id a Velocity. 7 2 H i I 2 i 2 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. o, ai .£BS Velocity. ?, 73 0210 - 0112 + 156-29 45 3960 45 3988 1601 167 10 t 72 72 54 53 53 48 48 98'V1 72 9725 1077 45 30 29 27 27 20 20 2708 8783 2073 6207 2547 9874 WO + Of 128 - 0079 4547 0336 6414 1158 7707 45^7 - 0098 - 0048 ""-' 0038 - 0007 ?, 29 1993 27 6127 1955 1908 172 29 i 53 5372 1349 154 20 0081 0130 165 59 2 20 9745 ' 1939 157 'SO 1 48-4520 1413 152-56 Weigh ted mean + 159 60 V„ Vd + 012 Curvature - 1951 - 0 28 Kadial velocity + 1 39 9 1908. Jan. 27. G. M. T. 11'' 42" + ORIONIS 1279. Observed by I T g p Measured by I % Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. s a > ■a a> •TflS Q Velocity. $ 2 2 I •J Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Coi rected Star Setting. .gS5 Q Velocity. 9, 73 0428 72 9974 72 4776 54 0337 53 5493 0330 - 0327 - 0049 53- 1182 48 7737 48 4300 45 3697 45 2723 - 0062 - 0037 "+ :0008 * 9645 0997 + 144 68 4265 3704 1158 1317 125 03 2 I ■5438 1415 161-80 + 137 45 Weighted mean Vd .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Curvature. . 20 53 ■28 142 24 16 Kadial velocity ^1216 172 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1008. Jan. 27. <;. M. T. llh 42™

.Stf P Velocity. Mean of «j Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. ■5 > - - P Velocity, 9 73 0561 729960 72 4S98 54 0399 53 5541 53 1258 - 0463 0440 - 0111 - 0138 3 48 7805 1 48 4267 2 45 3761 2 45 2795 1 20 93S2 2 20 5159 - 0105 - :0059 + -0041 :i063 ■ 1315 i 9 . 9500 0852 + 123 62 ■4170 ■3702 114-80 137 29 ? "■5411 I 1388 158 65 ■9422 1616 -131 54 Check measurement. Weighted mean + 134 16 Va -20-53 Vd + -16 Curvature.. — '28 Radial velocity + 113 5 1908. Jan. 27. G. M. T. 14h 21™ yfr ORIONIS 1283. SSSSg] '■*■*"•«"■ i Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. a ~ > O Velocity. +3 1 2 2 i i 2 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. J2 > .2« P Velocity. •> 73 0126 72 9151 72-4474 54-0174 53 4616 53 0943 48 7450 — -0028 - 0025 + 0114 72 9124 0477 + 69 21 45 2818 45 2470 30 8390 29 0084 27 4810 27 2136 453080 0693 7228 + 0266 + -0314 + 0330 29 0404 275135 0366 0916 •> 0757 86 53 32 87 i 53 4780 +7951 2 + 0177 + 0250 2 Weighted mean +77'41 Va —20 53 Vd — 004 Curvature — 028 Radial velocity + 566 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 173 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 1908. Jan. 29. G. M. T. llh 00m $ ORIONIS 1296. 8£S& &}'•*■*"«»■ Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. .fas O Veloci ty. i i ■2 2 i 2 4 ■i Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. g J2 > c © .2« Q Velocity. 2 * 73 72 72 64 53 53 48 48 0137 9910 4464 0268 5652 1120 7682 4478 - 0039 0015 72 9875 1227 + 178 06 45 45 30 27 27 21 20 3717 2m 8767 6107 2544 0003 5314 + C025 - -0063 - -0078 - 0114 45 3742 1355 14142 !f ?! + 0020 27-6030 iaii 167 ' 18 1 53 5665 1642 187.78 2 WOO 20 9890 •2084 169 '59 fl + -0018 1 48 4496 13.89 149 97 Weighted mean + 165 " 76 V„ -2119 Va + 021 Curvature - 028 Radial velocity + 144 ' 5 1908. Jan. 29. G. M. T. 15" 01" i ORIONIS 1301. Observed by W. E. Harper. Measured by C. R. Westland. Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. I .s §f ; Velocity. 'H. © .2« I 2 1 2 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. a 8"°' n ® .2« Q Velocity. 2 54 7317 53-5614 53-1037 48 7601 48 4K33 + 0102 45 3617 45-2612 27 6252 27 2385 45 3740 1353 141 ' 25 n 53 5703 1680 4-19202 + -0124 9, + 0083 + 0099 27 6334 •2115 + 183 58 9. + -0081 3 48 4734 1627 175 72 1 Weighted mean +17539 Va - 2125 V7l><> 1099 7711 .4455 4049 Correction to Compar. Lines. + 0033 ' + ' 002i - -0011 Corrected B Star Si? Setting. .5« 3 Velocity. 5750 4440 •4000 1727 1333 1613 -197-40 144-00 163 40 Mean Correction to Settings. ' C°mpar. 6 Lines. Corrected Star Setting. J > - -~ .am o 2785 7122 2667 0246 20 5406 0049 02U1 11206 6919 1700 0040 2234 147-56 + 181-&5 Weighted mean +17336 V.. -2127 Vrf - -22 Curvature .... - 28 Radial velocity 151 '6 1908. Feb. 3. (J. M. T. 13h21" V I IRK IMS 1312. sasasw-*"™- Mean of Settings. Correction Correctpd 2 72- 1 72 2 72 1 66 2 53 1' 53 2 53 2 4S to Compar. Lines. 9746 9598 4125 2S62 5968 5395 0783 7345 Star Setting. + 0352 0324 (1320 '1337 0355 Velocity. 9943 1295 +187-90 3192 :5727 1313 1704 174-89 194 77 Mean Oomrffcrn 18 45 45 27 27 20 20 4210 3324 2370 •5753 220", 9745 5007 0366 0261 0193 Corrected Star Setting. § g Velocity. -Q. * 4564 1 457 3690 1303 157 36 136 03 fiul9 1800 156-24 9941 •2135 +17379 Weighted mean + 16830 V. -22 77 ^"m VA + -06 Curvature .... - '28 Radial velocity +145 '3 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 175 1908. Feb. 3. G. M. T. 13'' 21m \/> ORIONIS 1312* Observed by I w. E. Hahper. Measured by J „ Correction Mean . Corrected Star Setting. it 3 Velocity . — ' is 1 1' 2 1 2 2 2 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Collected Star Setting. a go .2P5 P Velocity. 73 (uns nans 9900 ■5628 1252 1605 48 4755 4497 •3800 ■1390 1413 150 12 1 73 72 54 53 53 48 0220 ■t 18166 183 45 45 45 27 27 21 4058 2996 2837 0312 147 "52 0002 0314 5920 0260 0371 - 0457 2 r. 9 "6019 1800 156 24 1402 0282 7957 0257 ■9860 2054 + 167 20 '• 20 5C Weighted mean .... V„ Vd Curvature. . . . - 2277 ' ' :28 Radial velocity. * Accidentally renteasured without knowledge of previous work. + 164 86 + 06 + 141 9 1908. Feb. S. G. M. T. 13h t ORIONIS 1317. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by C. R. Westland. ■s Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. a Velocity. 2 ?, 2" 1 2" i •j 2 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. _g O Velocity. f, 73 Olir - 00171 .: 9749 0050, 0035 -5184 •0092! OOoli :iioi 11G1 484652 45 3524 45-2826 27 6069 27 2735 20 9957 20 5573 4598 •3435 1491 1048 161 03 1 72 72 54 53 53 4S 9768 4499 7454 .".262 1212 7751 + 159 75 13270 103 41 2 0090 2 •5803 1584 137 49 1 0269 ■ 0373 2 ? ■9591 •1785 + 145 30 Weighted mean. . V„ V,, Curvature.. - 24 16 00 -28 + 147 39 Radial velocity . + 1210 25a— 154 176 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1908. Feb. 8. G. M. T. 13h * ORIONIS 1317. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by W. E. Hakpkk. Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. g ,5 > ~S .295 Q Velocity. 1 2 •J ■2 h •J A •J" Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. c J= > .*35 Q Velocity. 2 73 0090 + 0008 - 0018 0077 45 4078 45 2787 27 6052 27 2701 20.9931 205504 15 7080 15 4362 - 0051 ■4027 •5819 1610 1600 17122 1 ?! 72 72 66 54 53 53 48 48 9720 4467 3180 0357 5385 1177 7736 4G12 ■9722 1074 + 155'84 13888 1 3142 1263 168 23 - 0235 9, •9631 1825 148-55 ? ■5316 1293 147 80 - .0304 - 0057 - 0036 •6710 1977 + 15302 71 - 0376 2 4574 1467 158 44 Check measurement. Weighted mean -t-152'98 V„ - 2416 Vd 00 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity +128 5 1908. Feb. 8. G. M. T. 16M5™ + ORIONIS 1319. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by W. E. Harper. ■*3 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. c .2 > c£ n Velocity. i u 2 i i il 2 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. .g J2 > Sottj 6 Velocity. •> 73-0146 - 0048 45 4050 0164 •3886 1500 156-60 72-9507 53 5788 54 0414 ■9458 •5674 0810 1651 +U7-55 188 70 45 31 30 27 21 20 2900 1235 9152 2975 0620 581 0 1 0790 ■2034 182 65 l| 0126 0448 0509 1| 531229 0109 48 '7802 -0102 "■0014 R ■2208 + 17975 i 48 4555 •4444 1337 i44 40 - 0610 Weighted mean. . . Vo Vd Curvature 24-16 ■22 28 + 165 20 Radial velocity -140 5 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 177 1908. Feb. 17. G. M. T. 12h 49" V- ORIONIS 1321. Observed by W. E. Mabpkk. Measured by J. S. Plaskett. $ Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. £ > Q Velocity . +3 2 I i> 2 2 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. a J3 > 3 Velocity. 2 73 0456 — 0358 '•031.2 48 2361 •2116 0991 107 00 i 72 72 66 54 53 53 48 8334 4761 1178 or,92 3260 1367 7936 ■7994 0654 -94 91 45 45 30 30 28 27 27 29*2 1077 7772 9007 8860 3020 9770 0246 1427 7472 ■8560 ■2718 0960 1284 •1478 1501 100 20 ! ■> 0878 1000 133 24 115 33 0304 0247 0236 0303 i ?, •3000 1023 116 98 130-25 —•6304 —130-27 ? Weighted mean. Va Vd Curvature. -113 97 - 26 10 01 - 28 Radial velocity — 140 4 1908. Feb. 18. G. M. T. 12h 15m ^ORIONIS 1333. Observed by 1 T „ p,AI!KI,TT Measured by/J- b' ^LASKETT- $ Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. a J2 > P Velocity . *-> 2 1 4 2 i l Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. s £ > .Stf Q Velocity . ?, 73 0358 72-9900 72 4724 66 3020 547507 53 5193 53-1247 — 0260 0276 0088 48 7752 4S-4496 45 3684 45 2798 30 9882 30 8747 0052 4440 3630 1333 1243 h ■9635 0987 + 143 23 143 92 ■' 0062 129 73 { 2830 0911 125 38 ?, •9840 1084 + 97 36 1 ■5075 1052 J20 30 — 0043 ?, 0127 Weighted mean + 13040 Va -2628 V S Velocity. 43 is i i 2 J 2" '. 2" Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. Displac. in Revol. Velocity. 8 73 0206 - 0108. 45 27 27 20 20 15 15 2014 3G5G 2309 7429 5018 3990 3738 2135 •3815 0252 04W 26 31 l 72 72 54 53 53 45 8584 4583 7360 3892 1070 flfilS .8470 0178 -25 83 35 07 ?, - 0134 r 0059 + -0050 4- 0121 + 0159 +■ 0182 " + ':024S ?, ■7610 423S 0196 ' :0495 15-95 w 2' ■? 3944 0079 9 03 '"-38:31 Weighted mean. V V„ Curvature . . Radial velocity 22 07 26 62 - 06 - 28 49 0 1908. Feb. 21. G. M. T. 16>' 07' •/ ORIONIS 1336. Observed by J. S. PlaSKETT. Measured by C. R. Westland. Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. a JS > Q Velocity. 2 I 2 ;, •_> Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. 8*3 a > 5 Velocity. 9, 54 71 S4 53-5039 53 0880 48 7411 48-4273 45 3162 + 0235 0210 0289 5278 1 255 4505J 'l458 34921 ■ 4-143-45 " i.57:46 115 36 45 2406 27 5000 27 2021 20 8572 20 4740 0330 0445 •5343 • 1224 1 106 24 2 '9031 1225 + 9972 \ + 0460 Weighted mean 4-130*67 Vo - 26'79 V O Velocity. 10-1 40 2 2 i 2 1 2 Mian of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. .5 _ J5 > °& .iSR a Velocity 2 :t ? 73-0059 72-7533 72-4403 54 7151 53 2911 53-0882 48 7404 + 0039 7894 ■0754 48-1852 45 2398 45-0852 27-2974 27 2064 20-0002 20-4766 0338 •2155 0952 102 82 0041 1191 •3376 1196 0843 124 80 2 2 0268 0238 •0296 3153 0870 99 44 0402 73 17 9 '6436 1370 -111-52 9 + •0434 Weighted mean - 109 53 Va - 2696 V,, + 03 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity. 1367 190S. Feb. 22 G. M. T. 16>> 26"' t ORIONIS 1347. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by C. R. WestlAND, Mean of Settings. 72 9771 72 7638 Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. a .293 a Velocity 43 1 ■■ i Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. a 2"° a Velocity . 2 +■0327 0687 1030 -99 68 117 73 48 1722 •2128 1345 ■3481 ■6388 0979 105 73 \ ■T'.IOI 45 45 27 27 20 20 2352 0961 3220 2211 6205 5018 0384 0255 9, 72 4141 0303 1042, 108 78 2 1 54 7032 53 2634 53 0771 48 7291 '0387 "'2987 0738, 6406 9, 0319 14181 -ii5 42 9, 0409 ' Weighted mean Vtt Va Curvature. . -107 57 - 26 96 •28 - -28 Radial velocity - 1351 180 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1908. Feb. 24. G. M. T. 12h 45™ ORIONIS 1349. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 SSSS&S}*-"*— • Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. •9994 • 0104 •9154 4374 + 0075 •7462 | — 0043 •4604 •1197 I — 0077 7840 I — 0140 •383U Corrected Star Setting. a 23 > a Velocity . 5 1 ■J 2 2" 1 2 9064 0416 + 60 37 '4544 0521 59 58 •3685 •0678 7320 Mean of Setting&. 45 3180 45 2904 30-9227 29-1100 27 5552 27 3024 20 8993 20 5928 Correction to Compar. Lines. — 0168 n.-,23 0558 0728 Corrected Star Setting. ■3015 0560 ■5000 :8280 Si ° 0628 0522 0781 0474 Velocity . 65 54 46 89 67 78 + 3857 Weighted mean + 6010 V„ - 2718 V .2P3 Q Velocity . -*3 2 n 2 1 2 1 2 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. s 23 > 0.25 Jffi O Velocity. ?, 73 0220 — 0122 0147 0355 48 3977 ■3575 3031 0468 0644 50 54 1 72 72 54 53 53 48 9433 4596 0643 4775 1442 8099 ■9305 0657 + 95 33 45 45 27 27 20 90 3455 3160 5722 3249 9237 6157 67 23 ? 0424 '•0783 J| ■5294 1075 93 31 " 4445 0422 48'23 ?, 0322 0399 ■8450 0644 + 52 42 VI — 0957 Check measurement. Weighted mean + 63 ' 46 V„ - 2718 Vi — 04 Curvature — "28 Radial velocity + 360 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 181 1908. March 4. G. M. T. 15h 26° ^ORIONLS'1370. Observed by \V. E. Harper. Measured by C. R. Westland. £ Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. c £ > Q Velocity . i Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. £ > a, » P Velocity . ? ."il 7343 5:5090 53-1001 48-7498 + ■0076 + 13430 4 •i ■i 48 4337 45 3374 45 2487 ■4541 ■3622 1434 1235 154-87 1 •5198 • + 128-93 f, 0119 + 0249 ?, 0202 Weighted mean +13877 Va -2798 V„ - -27 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity +110 2 1908. March 9. G. M. T. 15" 22" ■■p ORIONIS 1384. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by C. R. Westland. Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. it 1(2 Q Velocity . 4^ 2 2 2 4 •J Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. 0 Velocity. h 53 4557 54-7418 531086 48-7565 48-4457 •4587 0562 + 6424 45 2547 27 4936 27 1925 20 8501 20-4554 0189 2 + 0001 0034 0135 •5471 1252 IOS'67 2 0541 2 •9141 1335 + 108 67 * •4597 1490 160 92 + 0647 Weighted mean +109 79 Va -27-97 Vd - -27 Curvature - 28 Radial velocity . . . . + 813 182 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 1908. March 9. (J. M. T. 15''22m f ORIOXIS 1384* 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by | T „ p Measured by fJ- bl ^1A>hKrT- i Mean of Settings. Correction i - Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. - - .2 03 Q Veloi itj i 2 2 ■'■ 2 1 Mean of Settings. Correction to Compar. Lines. Corrected Star Setting. c i~ -■ > - -. .203 Q Velocity. ■• 54 8030 53 5455 540878 531629 48 8128 48 4992 - 0011 - 0590 - 0509 - 0428 20 8868 ■8945 1139 92 Oil i 4925 ■0902 + 103 15 20 5124 27-2518 29 1755 30-8859 31 0356 + -0076 - 0052 - 0155 •>,■ 2 2 1655 1617 14251 n 4585 1478 159 58 0200 1444 + 129 70 *Check measurement Weighted mean . •lghti Vd' Curvature.. Radial velocity. 2797 27 ■28 + 13135 102 8 1IHI8. March 16. G. M. T. 12h 15" .203 Q Velocity. 2 2 2J 1 2 •7501 1147 -116 43 ■2902 1121 128 13 ■2227 0880 95 04 Mean of Settings. 2465 1263 ■8608 ■8066 •3343 •2399 ■6681 . ■5219 correction to Compar. Lines. 0271 + 0096 + 0067 •0019 Corrected Star Setting. ■ 1533 •8161 ■3411 6661} Velocity. .203 0854 0595 0808 1143 89 16 53 43 70- 13 -93 04 Weighted mean - 106 62 V„ - 27 96 Vd - 12 Curvature - 28 Radial velocity 135 0 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a if- ORIONIS. Summary of Measures. 183 Plate No. 1 >;iti\ Julian Date. No. of Line3. Velocity. Meas- urer. Weighted Mean. Phase. Residual C-0 1138 1907. Nov. 11-83 2,417,89183 6 8 4 9 8 8 7 8 8 8 8 9 7 6 8 6 7 7 7 o 6 7 4 5 5 6 4 5 7 I 8 6 8 6 6 5 6 !i i 6 3 4 5 7 + 41 fi H P H P P P P P P P P P P W P H P P P P P H P P H P P W H H H W H H P P W W w w p H W W P w + 41- - 145 + 135 + 139 - 43 47 70 + 145 + 148 7 - 5 - 5 11 + 140 + 145 + 51 - 114 - 117 + 16 97 - 104 + 139 + 121 + 113 + 56 -r 144 + 153 + 151 + 145 + 141 4- 121 + 128 + 140 - 140 + 103 - 49 + 103 - 136 - 135 + 32 + 36 + 110 + 81 + 102 - 135 9 5 8 1 1 9 8 9 0 0 0 5 6 5 2 (I 5 2 5 0 6 9 6 5 6 5 8 6 3 9 0 5 5 4 9 ii 3 7 1 6 0 2 3 8 0 + 417 •56 2 35 •82 •85 + 24-5 1158 1182 1183 1195 Mov. 2372 Dec. 4-82 ,, 28-67 903 72 914 82 914 85 938 67 + 15 - 3 5 - 25 45 5 1-94 197 •97 100 •33 •36 ■32 ■34 115 •56 2 07 2 11 1-66 - 20-0 1196 ii 28-70 1908. Jan. 1-76 .. 1-79 3-64 i, 367 ,i 1373 „ 1375 ,i 14-56 938 -70 942 70 942 79 944 64 944 67 954 73 954 75 955 56 - 45 1208 1209 1214 + 15 + 12 - 13 1215 1220 75 - 15 0 1221 + 03 1227 143 0 + 15 i-233 1238 1239 1257 ,. 16-50 ,. 20-54 ii 20-58 „ 22-65 „ 23-58 975 50 961 54 961 58 963 65 964 58 + 150 + 68 + 05 + 190 1264 - 101 2 ■06 101 40 1271 „ 2453 „ 27-49 965 53 968 49 + 98 127'! 116-2 144 154 ■89 106 114 - 155 1283 „ 27-59 „ 29-46 „ 29-63 „ 2971 Feb. 3-56 968 59 970 46 970 63 97071 975 56 + 14-5 1296 1301 35 4 0 1304 6 0 1312 + 1436 •94 + 1-8 1317 „ 8-54 980 54 + 1260 •86 100 228 ■73 •24 136 2 19 238 + 120 1319 ,. 8-68 „ 1753 „ 1S-51 „ 20-54 „ 21-67 „ 2250 » 22-69 „ 24-53 Mar. 4'64 „ 9-64 t, 1651 980 68 989 53 990 51 992 54 99367 994 50 994 69 2,417,996 53 2,418,005 04 010 64 017 51 + 9 5 1321 + 0 5 1333 1334 + 100 - 10 1336 + 130 1344 + 4-5 1347 1349 6 0 i376' 1384 + 34 3 170 •70 - 13-5 - 0 6 1395 + 956 •65 247 0-8 + 20 In the above summary of measures the phases are obtained from a period of 2-526 days, and an initial epoch, T0, Dec. 40, 1907, or Julian Day 2,417,914-0. A plot of the observations is shown in Fig. 8. It is seen by this figure and the velocity curve there drawn, that very good agreement occurs near the points of maximum and minimum velocity but that the agreement is not so good along the ascending and descending branches. This may be partly explained, in the case of some of the observations, by their having been taken on nights partly cloudy where the middle of the observed time might easily not be the mean time of exposure, thus displacing the observation horizontally, and this displacement may be relatively large in a binary of as short a period as this. Quite large discrepancies may also be explained by the 184 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 diffuseness of the lines and the difficulty of setting. If the negative has been under- exposed, the lines are very broad and weak and the velocity resulting may easily, I should judge, be in error to the extent of 10 or 15 kilometres or even more in one or two cases. Considering the character of the spectrum, the curve is very well denned, allowing the elements of the orbit to be closely determined. The large range, about 294 kms., diminishes the relative error considerably, while the close determinations of the maximum and minimum points are also of great assistance in limiting the elements. As in t Orionis and all other spectroscopic binary stars determined here, pre- liminary values were first obtained by your method and by that of Lehmania-Filhes from a smooth curve drawn through the observations. They give e as about 0-05 and 0-03 and to less than 5°. By this method the phase of periastron passage is closely determined as 2-36 days and apastron as 1-10 days, while the remaining elements are readily determined by the usual formulae. We have given ■ U = period = 2-52509 days. A = maximum positive velocity = 150-4 km. B = maximum negative velocity = 144-0 " K = half the amplitude = 147-2 " e = eccentricity = 0-063 (a = longitude of the apse =186° T = time of periastron passage, Julian Day = 2,417,916-36 and we obtain •y = velocity of the system A-B = — — - Ke cos o) = + 12-4 km. KTT a sin i - 43200 VI e* = 5,103,000 km. A diagram showing the proportions of the orbit is given in Fig. 9. A treatment of the residuals in the last column of the summary of velocities gives the probable error of a single observation as ± 7-7 km. Vo ■- -t- - o as .^o o 1 * a: 03 | ■» Ph \ 1 1 °Tn ^S^> « o •1 o o — *- ^ o 5 Ar- So 6 3-0 "Qv ° • : ^o o o t 4? ; s 8 ? 0 ; 8 O o o 2oa— p. 184. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 185 Fig. 9— Orbit of $ Orionis. Addendum. A least squares solution has been applied to this orbit as to i Orionis and has resulted in considerable improvement in the elements. As was pointed out above the highest residuals occur in the ascending and descending branches of the curve and it was considered advisable to treat the Ottawa observations only and see if these residuals could be reduced by a change in the period. Taking as provisional elements those determined above, and reducing the 37 observations to 29 suitably weighted places by combining plates taken successively on the same nights, we obtain the observation equations below. The coefficients of the five unknowns were computed from the formula? of Lehmann-Filhes, and a sixth unknown of coefficient unity was added as a correction to the velocity of the system. 186 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 To make the observation equations homogeneous the following substitutions were made : — x = BK y = KSe = 147-28e z = KSu> = 147 -28a> u =(TT7y% 8^ = 14801.78,* K (1-e'W Sy 4 — 8r = 368-18821 1st OBSERVATION EQUATIONS ^ ORIONIS. X. V- 2- u. v. w. S. Wt. -1 050 - 976 + 1H7 + 142 1P1 -1000 - 6 99 - 978 — 740 + 410 + 454 - 453 „ J- 3 51 _ 802 - 173 + -680 + 358 - 743 ,, - 9 55 - 401 + 730 + -948 + 757 - 993 ,, + 2 41 _ 173 + 968 + 1001 + 392 -1021 ,, - 4 46 _ 135 + 988 + 1004 + 288 -1 020 ,, - 1 38 + 381 + 674 + -903 - 210 - 857 ,, + 26 81 + 3S1 + 674 + 903 + 353 - 857 ,, +17 51 + 560 + 307 + 789 + 688 - 730 „ - 0 69 1 + 647 + 081 + 711 + 580 - 650 ii - 2 57 1 + 694 — (i57 + 661 + 444 - '598 n + 10 63 1 +' 726 - 504 + 464 — 006 - 411 - 4 81 2 + 851 - 597 + '413 + 233 - 364 ,, -11 67 + 908 - 837 + 245 + 125 - '211 ,, + 2 55 1 + 927 - 927 + '148 + 033 - 124 " + 1 93 2 + 931 - 950 + 115 + 614 - 095 ,, + 9 04 + 933 _ 962 + 093 + 037 - 076 n + 10 75 + 936 - 982 + 049 + 020 - 037 ii + 0 27 + 913 - 945 - 213 — 756 + 193 ii + 3 81 + 711 _ 313 - -627 - 440 + '569 ., + 13 73 + 584 + 033 - 756 - 36-2 + 695 i, -17 83 + 392 + 478 - 884 - 434 + 830 ii + 13 59 + 124 + 877 - 976 - 448 + 947 ii + 14 18 + 028 + 955 - '989 - 779 + 972 ,, -20 53 _ 591 + :,:,'i - 842 - 200 + '896 i, -IS 42 _ 859 - 016 - 599 - 299 + '662 ii + 1 '.li _ 993 _ 644 - 360 — 320 + 409 ii + 2 98 1 055 - 938 - 114 - 100 + -136 ii - 2 52 -a 1060 -999 - 084 -011 + 087 " 4 1'94 There result the following normal equations. 4- 20-398a;- 5-2552/+ 2-618,2+ -47l»- 2-431e+ 5-297«; + 85-859 + 20-726?/ + 1-4462+ -288!/— 1-687U- 5-132w - 31-490 + 15-514z + 7-241m - 15392d + 4-702w + 55-912 + 5-291m- 7-169u+ l-401w + 13-180 + 15-337w- 4-291w- 54-156 + 37-000«> + 38-800 It will be noticed that the normals in z and v (So and 87") are practically identical, and it will be impossible to accurately determine their values separately, owing to the smallness of the coefficients in the elimination. Consequently, 8 186° 183°. 736 186° Period U 2-526 dys 2-52561 dys. 2-52563 dys T 2-36 " 2-36 " 2-3753 " y + 12-42 km. 12-517 km. 12-453 km. 187 As there is relatively less change in T than in < > ? ! 5 J i 1 M l^d I 25a— p. 188. REPORT OF TEE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 189 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a In addition, as appendices, follow the reports of Mr. Harper on the spectroscopic binaries -q Virginis and 0 Aquilae; of Mr. Motherwell on measurements of double stars and on observed occultations of the moon; of Dr. DeLury on the wave lengths of lines in the Iron-Vanadium alloy used for the comparison spark in the spectro- gTaph; and of Mr. Tobey on photometric work. In conclusion, I wish to again express my appreciation of the help and encouragement you were always so willing to give in any difficulties that arose. I have the honour to be, sir, Tour obedient servant, J. S. PLASKETT. 25a— 16 S-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a A. 1909 APPENDIX A. r, VIKGINIS. W. E. Harper. The star -q Virginis a = 12h 14-8m, 8 = - 0° 6', photographic magnitude 4-2, was announced as a spectroscopic binary in Astrophysical Journal XVII, 150, 1903, by Frost and Adams, also in L.O.B. No. 46, 1903, by Campbell and Curtiss. It has a composite spectrum, both components belonging to Vogel's type Ia2, or Miss Maury's Villa. The lines of the fainter component were, owing to their weakness, only occasionally measured in our plates and the results obtained were, therefore, derived from a consideration of the spectrum of the brighter component only. Forty-three measurable negatives of this star were obtained between February 22 and July 5, 1907. The first thirty-two negatives were made with the Universal spectroscope as adapted for radial-velocity work, the dispersion at Hy (A 4340) being 18-6 tenth-metres per mm. Some five or six were made with the new three-prism spectrograph, whose linear dispersion at A 4415 is 11-1 tenth-meters per mm. The balance were made with the new single-prism spectrograph whose linear dispersion at A 4415 is about 32-4 tenth-meters per mm. In fair seeing the exposure time required was for the single-prism spectrograph from 35 to 40 minutes; for the Universal three-prism spectrograph from 60 to 65 minutes, while for the new three- prism spectrograph a considerably longer exposure was necessary. The three-prism plates were all reduced by the aid of the Hartmann interpolation formula c A = A„ + s0 - s which method was discussed in detail in the report for the year 1905-6. I may say, however, that the constants A0, c and s0 were not always determined for each plate. When there were several plates made at or about the same temperature a uniform set of constants was adapted in their reduction. This can introduce no appreciable error in the final result as the formula is purely arbitrary and affects both star and comparison lines alike. The differences between the computed value of the comparison lines by the formula and their true values when plotted as ordinates, with the cor- responding wave-lengths as abscissae, give us a curve from which corrections can be made to the computed values of the star lines. Five of the later plates made with the single prism were reduced by the short method recently adopted here and described in the report for last year. The micro- meter settings corresponding to the wave-lengths of the comparison and star lines are determined, and when the settings for the star lines have been corrected by means of the comparison settings, the displacement is got directly in revolutions of the micro- meter head. The following tables give the settings used in these plates for the com- parison and star lines, and in the case of the latter the velocity corresponding to a revolution of the micrometer head is attached. FE. V. COMPARISON LINES. Micrometer Setting. Micrometer Setting. Wave-Length. Wave-Length. 20° 30° 20° 30° 4SG4 943 72 9636 73-0098 4482 413 64 0153 54 0288 4861 686 72 3993 72 4449 4452 180 52 2398 52 2490 4594 216 60' 1873 60 2143 4404 929 49 3658 49 3676 4586 554 69-7830 59-8092 4395 382 48 7700 48 7700 4549 642 57 7979 57-8200 4325 941 44 2724 44 2593 4528 798 E6 6488 56 6684 4260 656 39 7637 39 7361 4494 755 54 7266 54 7419 4202-195 35 4730 35 4302 191 25a— 16J 192 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 STELLAR LINES. 20° 30" Wave-Length. Velocities per Revn. Micrometer Reading. Velocities per Revn. Micrometer Reading. 4861527 1452 8 72 8187 1451 2 72 8646 4584 018 1233 0 59 6486 12305 59 6745 454lJ 766 1206 4 57 8047 1203 8 57 8268 4534 139 1194-3 56 9453 1191 6 56 9655 4501 448 1169 1 55 1091 1166 4 55 1252 4481 400 1153 7 53 9566 1150 9 53 9698 4468 663 1144 0 53 2138 1141 2 53 2253 4437 718 11203 51 1732 1117 4 513802 4404 927 1095 4 49 3057 1092 4 49 3674 4395 286 1088-1 48 7640 1085 1 48 7640 4325 939 1035 9 44 2723 1032 7 44 2592 4271 760 995 5 40 5509 992 2 40 5259 ' 4215 668 954 2 36 4836 950 8 36 4450 Of course the above star lines are only those which happen to be used in the plates reduced by the short method. The table which follows contains all the more important star lines which have been employed. For the sake of brevity those which have been used but rarely are not included, but the wave-lengths employed in such cases are given in column three of the detailed statement of the measures and reductions. The first column of the table signifies the element or elements to which the particular line is due, and for the sake of completeness the value of a displace- ment of one tenth-meter in kilometers per second for the various wave-lengths given is also included. The lines, other than the magnesium at \ 4481 and fly (A 4340), are mostly all enhanced lines of iron and titanium. In this connection the ' Tables of Wave-Lengths of Enhanced Lines ' issued in 1906 from the Solar Physics Obser- vatory, South Kensington by Sir Norman Loekyer have been of material assistance. LINES USED IN v VIRGINIS. Elements. Wave-Length. No. of km. per tenth -meter. Elements. Wave-Length. No. of km. per tenth-meter. Fe 4584 018 65 41 Fe 4404 927 68 07 Ti 4572 156 65 58 Ti. V. Zr. 4395 286 6820 Ti 4563 939 65 71 Fe 4383 720 68 41 Cr. 4558 827 65 78 Fe. Ti. Fe. 4367 840 68 66 Fe ; Ti-Co. 4549 766 65 91 Cr. Mg. 4352 006 6888 Ti-Co. 4531 139 66 13 H. 4340 634 69-07 Ti; Fe. 4522 855 66 30 Fe 4325 939 69 32 Fe? 4520 397 66 33 Fe. Ti 4315 178 69 48 _ 4515 508 66 39 Ti 4313 034 69-49 Fe? 4508 455 66 52 Fe 4308 081 69 60 Ti 4501 448 66 60 Ti 4300 211 69 73 Mg Ti 4481 400 66 91 Ti. Fe 4294 273 69 82 4468 663 67 10 Fe 4260 640 70 39 Ti 4443 976 67 48 — 4246 996 70 60 — 4416 985 67 89 Fe 4233 328 70-83 Fe 4415 293 67 90 Fe 4216 351 7110 Ti 4411205 67 96 Fe. Sr 4215 668 71 11 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 193 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a JOURNAL, OF OBSERVATIONS. The extract given below from the regular observing journal furnishes the observational data for all the plates discussed here. Most of the columns are self explanatory and need not be enlarged upon. The three cameras used were III B, three-prism, Universal spectroscope of Brashear; IH L, three-prism long focus and I L, one-prism long focus. The middle of exposure is given in eastern standard or 75th meridian time. Some confusion might arise in the case of stars observed after midnight. For instance, No. 638 is recorded as February 25th lh 50™, whereas to be strictly accurate it should be February 26th lh 50m. In future I think it would be well on making the entry in the record of spectrograms to use Greenwich Mean Time as is used in the summary of velocities. Formerly the comparison was exposed at the beginning and end of the star exposure ; lately this has been changed to four exposures of the comparison arranged so that they occur at the middle of each quarter of the exposure on the star. The slit-width is given in inches. 194 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 •jaAJBsqo ■a 3 o 3 o--a So a<^f"Xio: 2_^++ . O0)C0OINiOXH3005OOOI>33««aiOOO OC.lNartWOh-t-OJHX 'i ua'~. ^®WHnHbt-«NOHHOi-x»a3Cic:r.Hbooi,-*icHiJ),iC'. 1 1 4- -f + a)MooooNiQOOt>xi«OMOCcof oanoi'ooonowoo '^M'M" wiosaof N'OCXW5iXHONL'.xoaL'.wjL'.i'i.c:ix*MDy. Cii-Tin X ci :•- ci -r ?-..:■: M Ti :: c-, :o -* x :■". -p X x X _-r -r -r -r 1- rt 1- .-. 00 mooiocowwnoioxowoifloc'j'ox^ooaooxfxioo ^M^Jt b^NXXinNXHXNHJOL-.X^OH-ja'l'OOCMX'tXiO-t'CO ci — ci ci :•: ci x ci o f rt«i)rt«*f rtK«r*««f tTfOMi.'.^ I : " ^r; = ;: = r; = = = = = = = = = -r. = = r = = = r = :r = = O fe , j: © © © © © © © © © © © o o 10 in io o o o »o in »-:. »o o o i i *— « i 00 ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ci cj -ci cj ci ci ci ci ci ci ci © © SO © © 53 1 to 1— « so I I I I I 1 © OOOOOOCCOCSOiOl.CO O O O IQ tn 1 - i.- IQ IQ © CO CO CO CO CO CO 1 X CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CJ CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI l i>! t-1 t-- r— 1>- _>• t- b- t^- 1- t- 1— t— t— r— i^ i- i>- f t- ^~ t- *— fr- t— t- t— fc- Is- Is- 1'- _- ci CI CI CI CI •BJ9U1BQ IIIB.. •8AtC(B3ajsl jo 'onj oi»HNOoortvxH.f.oot--ocsi>oiswwi.': xaoioNcc onxi-it n « 10 io 10 55 co *ji *j !■- r- x 31 ~ 0 0 0 -h h ;i n ?i n w «■ w « m t ^"i< 10 »o © © SO © © SO © SO SO 4C © © © SO t- t- t-- t-- !>• (.•- t- t"- L- 1-- t-- l" t— b- t-- I- b- 1-- t- REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 195 ap-iWliPHPLiCLiCLiaa.;.! ■ o >> : o-o it?!.* ** & ~ ! a a * - m a*i — ■ n^ ^m ™« ooxacoxxooccooxx MQOGOcoaoaoooaoccaccG ooooooooooc aaccooio« as m to cc ci w 1 ■-■ r-< 1-" *— .-H M C< O^t'- *. imm -i m -^ ci i 1 i i i ■ i i I i i _-. — —.,- 7 ,-]-,..- .^ - , i i i i i i i i I -*• -t- -* •*• o m :i k -j zzzz ■£%%£>■?? JlONOOMHrtHMM OHoxMcr.xxcr. - _ c _ . X* I- i- 1- r- 1-- ?1 N ?I M — t— 1 M t>. r- « C«J N C. O H W O O lOaot-i^xs-Hjiccr- t>.Sl"t-.h.t-t-XXX35 196 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Detailed Measures and Reductions. The following section contains the results of measures upon the plates of this star. Each plate was measured in two positions on the microscope, red end to right and red end to left, four settings being made on each line in each position. The mean of the settings is found in column 1. The second column contains the com- puted values for the comparison lines and the values for the star lines corrected by means of the comparison lines as previously described. The normal wave-length and the displacement in tenth-meters with the corresponding velocity follows. The symbols T^ and Vd are employed in the reduction of the stars velocity to the sun, Vn denoting the correction due to the velocity of the earth in its orbit, and Vd the correction due to the earth's diurnal rotation. The corrections for the orbital velocity have been made with the use of Schlesinger's tables* of star constants, and the diurnal corrections are taken from a table constructed for the latitude of this observatory. 11107. Feb. 22. G. M. T. 17" 57"' V VIRGINIS 629. ?Sb^-"— Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. 43 c B S3 a 3 'a, 03 Q Velocity . Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. C 01 s 9 o so S Velocity. 72 sfins 45S1 4583 4571 4558 4549 4549 iW8 215 510 639 403 738 276 922 399 986 926 813 902 269 204 902 56 7667 4404 927 4383 729 4383 312 4367-407 4351611 4340 254 4325 895 4308 031 4307 573 4294 248 4293 964 4287 793 4215 386 4202 078 72 8181 8508 7572 C215 9936 25'>7 018 156 -827 •608 •517 •424 —33 12 3391 27 90 54 54 52 51 50 48 46 46 44 6233 5796 9317 2621 0402 47»i 4779 4204 9061 71 70 70 •720 •841 006 ■634 •408 •434 '396 •380 27 91 29 82 2728 69 68 •766 •490 32 29 26 26 67 66 65 65 •855 •455 •448 •456 ■469 •522 30 23 3124 34 77 4465 8133 2605 0121 5828 8473 7567 4507 4500 4494 4480 4476 4468 4414 081 •508 35 36 44 8673 44 1533 35 3121 33-6020 •286 162 •668 •322 •369 •282 22 51 64 63 •400 ■498 33 31 25 79 —20 05 62 57 •663 •293 •459 ■391 30 80 2655 = ± 3-2 = ± 08 Mean — 2940 V„ + 26-05 Vd + 06 Curvature — '50 Radial velocity. 3" 1 Astrophysical Journal, Vol. X, p. 1-13. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 197 1907. Feb. 25. G. M. T. 18h 50™ v VIRG1N1S 638. Observed by lw F H,MP„R Measured by / W" *•• UAKPER- Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. 4& c s o 00 £ Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. a s U 5 Velocity. 72-8024 4584 537 45S3-918 4573 695 4550 046 4549 465 4533 839 4534 100 4529 145 4515 309 4508-264 4501 185 4494 970 4481 094 4476 434 4416 699 4411 954 4404 968 54 6305 4383 727 4383 591 4351 853 4340 485 4325 812 4307-917 4307 744 4299-995 4299 103 4294 100 4294 116 4260 408 4260 423 4233 149 4215 466 4201 784 72 71 70 8843 2327 0535 0386 7083 7307 2783 1044 4858 8585 2810 0512 C044 9498 7780 7780 018 •899 100 ■204 - 652 1331 54 51 50 48 46 46 45 45 44 44 40 40 37 35 33 6173 2892 0651 4718 4732 4452 5514 4561 S974 8763 9302 9030 5410 2971 5730 720 006 •634 129 153 149 8-81 10 54 10 30 70 766 139 •340 ■301 •300 ■240 19-84 19 84 15 -S6 68 68 68 081 211 •410 •337 •217 •247 23 45 15 12 67 66 •508 •455 ■448 199 191 •263 13 21 12-72 17 52 17-24 65 65 '301 185 12-91 64 63 •400 •306 20 47 •640 ■328 ■668 •217 179 •202 15 28 12 67 57 57 •985 ■293 •286 339 19 42 23 02 -14 36 56 Mean - 15 36 Va + 13 37 Vd . + 02 Curvature — "50 Radial velocity. 25 1907. March 6. G. M. T. 16h 15™ V VIRGINIS 651. Observed by \ T q p, Measured by JJ- f>:tfhA Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. Displacement . Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. 720 4a a s o ei "E m S •645 Velocity. 72 72 9885 9390 8845 0296 0897 6938 3052 0851 4547 3024 0243 6163 9062 7684 7125 7180 4584 653 4584 388 4583 346 4548 930 4549 923 4533 264 4529 007 4514 797 4507 759 4494-916 4480 640 4476 356 4416 308 4404 971 4404 369 4384 727 ■018 C35 [ + 4153] 54 5475 54 6144 4383 13*3 4351 4339 4325 4312 4308 4307 4302 4293 4261 4232 4215 4201 075 756 180 784 898 444 006 493 671 580 286 844 023 919 4412 72 70 70 ■018 ■766 139 ■672 •836 •875 -43 81 5484 67-84 51 49 48 46 46 46 45 44 40 37 35 33 30 1925 9602 4362 9251 4298 3632 8138 7667 9444 4296 1568 4831 3001 ■006 634 '826 •850 56 91 5860 68 68 034 ■590 41 06 67 66 65 •508 •455 •711 •696 4721 46 34 •081 •503 •386 ■640 •594 •668 •588 ■832 •706 ■646 750 ■645 40 93 57 99 4H 93 64 63 67 56 •400 ■985 •760 •677 50 84 45 90 [ + 45-48] 53 10 45-86 56 54 927 ■548 •558 ■821 37 83 5616 4178 382 025 •643 -46- 17 Mean -49 18 Va +973 Vd + 17 Curvature - '50 Radial velocity -398 198 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1907. Mar. 6. G. M. T. 18" 58" r, VIRGINIS 652. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 S2S& &}**■*"«■«■ Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. Displacement. Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. Displacement. Velocity. 72 Q059 4584 193 4583 487 4558 194 4555 403 4548 986 4549 756 4533 435 4528 838 4494768 4480 727 4476 229 4467-888 4143 303 4417 402 4416 318 56 7622 4404 909 72 70 70 70 70 68 68 65 8801 7944 5609 0202 0756 6917 2906 2891 0204 6046 8374 5203 0040 8968 018 827 030 766 •531 633 627 •780 - 34 62 41 52 41 13 51 35 56 8363 4405 667 56 7137 1 4404 443 54-7210 j 4384 812 54 5420 4383 072 54 6087 4383 700 512192 4351 465 48-4362 , 4325 898 47 8298 1 4320 491 46 5194 1 4308 845 46 3617 4307 456 46 4329 4308 029 40'8739 426U-579 •927 •927 •548 720 740 •516 •736 ■648 [+ 6039] 35 14 5034 44 32 139 704 46 53 006 •541 3727 ■992 081 081 ■501 764 •625 34 77 64 63 •400 •673 45 02 [+ 53-17] 43 50 62 60 58 57 663 •976 038 ■985 780 •673 •636 •667 52 34 45 49 43 18 4529 40*7960 35 1987 4259 995 4215 192 610 •668 •645 •476 4541 - 3384 Mean - 4284 V„ + 967 Vd - 04 Curvature - '50 Radial velocity - 337 1907. Mar 8. G. M. T. 16» 15" t, VIRGINIS 656. Observed by \T s Pl.„..„TT Measured by J J- b- rLASKKTT. Mean of Settings. 72 72 71 7" ?ii 70 68 G8 67 65 64 64 64 63 58 57 57 •9533 •8747 ■9147 •8231 0485 0971 ■7370 •3175 ■7530 ■3137 •9741 •7682 0446 •6258 0173 •9135 7454 56 7800 56-8555 Measured Wave Length. 4584 4583 4571- 4558- 4549- 4549- 4533 4528- 4522- 4494- 4490 4488- 4480 4470 • 4417 4416 4414 4404 4405 364 049 366 233 036 815 662 950 286 842 965 692 744 259 346 295 ■593 SS7 680 Normal W. L. 018 •156 •827 ■766 139 S5.-I •621 259 •400 038 •985 ■293 927 e CD s a d CO 5 ■969 ■790 •594 ■730 ■677 :569 •656 ■567 ■656 •692 •690 ■700 753 Velocity. 63 18 51-67 39 09 4811 '4482 '37:72 43 76 37 88 43 89 4699 46 85 47 53 [+ 5128] Mean of Settings. 56 55 55 54 54 54 51 50 is 46 45 i:; 40 10 (II 37 35 33 -7196 ■8780 7356 ■7592 ■5710 •6253 ■2352 0081 ■4513 3656 ■4886 5033 9840 8233 ■8877 ■4506 2002 •5100 Measured Wave Length. 4404 4395 4394 4385 4383 4383 4351 4340 4325 4307 4299 4282 4261 4260 4260 423: 4215 4201 ■324 •982 •578 023 196 661 473 114 834 ■350 •660 447 430 100 ■492 811 • 168 924 Normal W. L. 927 •296 •286 •548 '720 00C •634 0S1 ■211 ■640 640 ■32S 668 ■603 ■696 •70S •525 ■524 ■533 •520 731 ■551 790 •540 •517 ■500 Velocity. 41 06 [+ 47-47] 4829 3591 35 84 36 73 35 93 5088 38 40 [+ 55-62] 38 02 36 60 - 3556 Mean V„ V,i Curvature. 8 73 16 -42 81 ■50 Radial velocity —34 ' 4 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 199 1907. Mar. 8. G. M. T. 19h 33'" V VIRGINIS 658. S£S3g}*""™- Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. C s a o 3 3 CO S Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. a CD a CD O OS a, CO S Velocity. 72 72 70 9310 8491 0825 0187 3025 2981 0112 6150 8675 7336 7695 7001 5250 6150 4584 4583 4519 4548 4528 4494 4480 4476 4468 4414 4404 4404 4382 4383 226 000 738 865 878 769 620 242 118 587 882 234 847 661 018 1 018 — 6637 51 49 48 46 46 46 45 44 40 40 40 37 33 2078 9833 4411 5271 3616 4396 4434 7767 9524 8062 8792 4332 5028 4351 298 4339 967 4325 842 4308 861 4307 400 4307 992 4299 365 4293 582 4261248 4260 039 4260 522 4232 720 4201970 006 •634 •708 ■667 48-78 46 09 70 68 766 901 59 10 081 081 780 ■681 [ + 53-98] 47 40 65 64 63 •400 •780 52 18 •211 •286 640 •640 •846 •704 •608 •601 58 97 49- 14 62 57 56 ■663 ■293 545 706 36 57 47 M [ + 42 70] 42 31 56 54 927 •720 ■693 •873 47 19 59 71 328 ■6C8 —43 05 54 Mean Va Vd Curvature .— 50 34 . + 866 . - 11 .— 50 Radial velocity — 42' 3 1907. March 11. G. M. T. 16h 22™ 77 VIRGINIS 663. Observed by \ T a Measured by /J- b' Plaskett. Mean Measured of Wave Settings. Length. 9560 4' 84 9015 4583 0476 4548 0966 4549 7283 4543 3248 4528 7369 4522 8590 4500 3158 4494 0407 4480 6289 4476 8520 4467 8198 4405 7688 4404 7205 4384 5417 4383 6087 43S3 034 350 •950 535 ■480 •820 024 ■774 •742 687 226 ■805 430 ■881 ■790 060 ■658 Normal W.L. 018 •766 139 •855 ■448 ■400 ■663 •927 •548 •720 •668 •816 Velocity. -4355 53 53 ■6l39 -831 •674 43 56 55 09 44 89 713 47 70 ■858 5757 ■503 (+3425) •758 51-85 •660 45 14 Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. 53 6481 49 9837 48 4276 48 3513 46 3495 46 4206 15 4650 44- 7810 . 44 3135 42 3240 42- 1426 40 9262 40 7890 40 8534 37 4050 35 1485 33 4655 4374 448 4340 0S4 4325 918 4325 251 4307 460 4308 061 4299730 4293 800 4259 780 4272 890 4271220 4261-250 4260 120' 4260 658 4232 760 4215 060 4202 164 Normal W.L. 103 ■634 939 081 ■211 ■273 ■377 ■482 •934 640 640 328 '668 •655 550 •688 621 ■481 ■473 •597 •592 ■714 ■610 ■520 Velocity. 44 93 3S 00 47 68 43 22 ■568 ■608 33 57 3302 41-73 41-38 49 91 (+42-94) 36 61 40 21 43 05 Mean -44 25 Va +7-22 V«j + 14 Curvature - 50 Radial velocity. 37 4 200 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1907. March 11. G. M. T. 19»05m t, VIRGINIS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed bv 1 T a r>. Measured by J J-S-Plaskett' Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. 43 3, 5 Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. = = o J5 «T Q •403 537 ■528 500 Velocity. 72 9515 4583 979 4571 520 4563 470 4549 265 4549 592 4513778 4528 764 4514 -S74 4501099 4494 624 4480 842 4476-224 4404 321 J404 939 56 2301 55-7459 54 7514 54 5660 54-6180 51-2308 48-4367 46 3836 464296 454915 15 0790 447972 408615 351946 33 4760 4399 532 4394 749 4385 020 4383 220 4383 745 4351 534 4326 000 4307 679 4308 143 4299 875 4296 295 4293-850 4260 725 4215 340 4202 224 •935 286 ■548 720 27 48 72 71 71 7" 9212 9285 2620 0711 101 1 74D9 3199 1052 8844 3052 0522 6294 7130 774"i 618 156 939 "766 •373 636 469 •501 24 32 41 72 3077 36 62 3601 34- 10 70 006 472 32 52 68 139 ■361 23 90 68 081 (02 27 98 67 508 448 ■634 ■349 4210 23 28 65 65 ■211 ■761 241 •336 462 •391 23 45 32 25 64 63 ■400 •558 37 40 27 29 56 56 -606 41 27 ■668 328 —23 32 1907. March 20. G. M. T. loh 43™ —3150 v„ vd - 7 17 — 09 - 60 Radial velocity —249 7j VIRGINIS 668. Sasai;}j.&pu— Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal \V. L. a o 6 a o 5 Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. m Displacement. Velocity. 72 9307 9280 9823 8415 6417 0832 0791 7612 2992 7907 2940 0849 6111 6<>76 0730 8009 7605 7651 7895 4584 4583 4572 4558 4556 4549 4549 4534 4528 4522 4494 4481 4476 4444 4418 4415 4404 4404 4395 286 996 435 7u2 316 686 799 154 937 935 823 373 299 163 083 330 881 938 54 54 51 50 48 48 46 46 45 45 45 44 44 40 40 37 35 33 33 6192 6085 2747 0492 4396 4360 4305 4307 9036 5332 1340 8508 1324 8648 8699 5322 2560 5024 4954 4383 822 4383 69S 4351 980 4340 630 4325 972 4325 896 4308 078 4308 014 4303 453 4300 216 4296 742 4294 290 4288 105 4260 600 4260 545 4233 603 4216 373 4202 250 4202 013 •720 + 698 72 018 ■156 ■827 •306 766 022 ■279 125 010 ■080 - i-43 + 1830 - 822 + 066 - 527 71 70 70 70 006 634 ■939 026 004 033 - i'79 - 027 + 229 70 081 003 - 021 68 139 015 + 6-99 68 •503 211 •761 •286 129 ■640 050 005 019 004 024 010 - 348 67 65 '855 080 + 530 + 0 35 - 1 33 64 63 •400 027 - 1-81 + 028 - 168 60 58 ■976 038 ■293 ■927 193 047 037 041 + 1305 + 3 19 + 251 + 2 79 - 282 57 56 56 •594 ■351 198 009 022 052 + 064 + 166 + 371 55 •286 024 - 1 64 Mean +100 V„ +2 64 Vrf + 12 Curvature - 50 Radial velocity +3 3 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 201 1907. March 20. G. M. T. 19h 36" ri VIRGINIS 671. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by N. B. McLean. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. -4-3 C t, VIRGIN IS I,:,,. Observed by \V. E. Harper. Measured by J. S. Plaskett. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. Displacement. Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. s "H. A'elocity. 72 9778 4584 134 567710 4404 957 73 72 71 0001 0180 3500 6728 1407 1170 8290 3370 8353 3222 1318 6320 7882 45S4 4572 4564 4556 4549 4549 4534 4528 4."i23 4494 4181 4476 4105 288 321 238 179 877 667 498 883 040 782 695 242 098 018 156 939 030 ■766 170 165 •299 149 111 + 11 08 10-82 1964 9-80 7 31 54 54 54 52 51 48 48 46 46 40 37 35 33 8227 6327 6122 9684 2952 4190 4376 4296 4120 8766 4956 2312 4357 4385 4383 4383 4367 4352 4325 4326 4308 4308 42t;o 4i33 4215 4202 770 920 760 964 230 930 079 235 081 9S8 635 870 105 -548 720 •222 ■200 15 18 1368 70 70 •841 123 845 70 939 081 •640 328 ■668 68 68 139 •359 2373 140 154 ■348 ■307 202 9 70 10 72 67 65 •855 185 12 27 2450 64 63 400 •295 19 71 2174 14 36 56 ■927 171 11 64 Mean V« vd Curvature. -1 31 050 + 14 43 L + 0-22 Radial velocity +12 8 tjVIRGINIS 689. 1907. April 3. G. M. T. 15h 10™ Observed by | j Measured by f S. Plaskett. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. -*3 c £ to i to 5 Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. 49 C 9 £ a S r. 5 Velocity. 72 9649 4584 144 54 6258 54 6128 512895 48 4234 46 4446 46 4160 45 9125 45 5570 44-8586 40 8698 40 8417 4383 844 4383 698 4352 166 4325 880 4308 335 4308 023 4303 675 4300-575 4294 511 4260 872 4260 561 720 124 827 70 1340 1159 8212 3261 3175 1263 6300 8090 7731 sn?is 4549 4549 4534 452S 4494 4481 4476 4405 4404 4395 875 764 500 836 761 608 230 284 924 3R9 766 109 + 714 70 006 160 10 70 68 139 361 2372 68 081 •503 211 ■273 640 •254 172 ■364 ■238 232 17 12 65 64 63 '400 ■208 13 71 11 63 24 64 56 56 ■927 357 23 60 1618 + 1587 55 •286 076 505 Mean . V„ v„. Cur + 14 •80 .. - 4 •51 i-ature .... . + 11 50 ... + S 1-9 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 203 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 1907. April 3. G. M. T. 16» 17m r, VIRGINIS 690. Observed by ) j g Measured by / ' Plaskett. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. s 2 u o 3, 00 5 Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. 43 a a a> o ci CD a Velocity. 72 9592 72 9960 71-0286 70-1388 70-1069 68-3186 4584 IT:1! 56 7639 4404 932 4584 4560 4550 4549 4528 4494 4481 4476 4415 4405 471 617 033 758 848 798 855 255 778 367 227 018 ■233 766 453 ■384 ■267 + 29 55 2512 17 60 55 50 48 48 47 47 46 45 44 40 40 8482 0825 4841 4215 2800 1651 4111 9200 1608 8736 8402 4395 4341 4326 4325 4315 4314 4308 4303 857 042 503 963 •286 634 •939 ■571 ■408 ■564 38 94 28 19 39 08 750 732 081 775 ■255 ! 34 44 653118 64-1427 63-6230 ■400 •455 30 43 255 523 [- 3635] ■337 129 640 ■438 •421 •276 30 53 57 8479 66-8081 56 6936 ■293 ■927 •927 ■485 440 ■700 32 93 30 24 - 47-67] 4288 550 4260 916 4260 648 29 43 + 19 01 Mean + 2965 V - 455 Yd + 03 Curvature - '50 Radial velocity + 24'6 1907 April 5. G. M. T. 15h 58">. ■n VIRGINIS 697. MbeSaesuVredby}J-S-P-8-- Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. d i 5 E 00 Q Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. c a g> o <£ S Velocity. 72 '9470 4583 993 54 6175 4383 "44 70 9202 70 1463 70 1012 4559 4550 4549 4534 4528 4494 4481 4476 4405 4404 4395 4384 402 179 590 710 784 762 880 167 284 965 709 296 •827 766 ■575 413 + 3760 2705 51 50 48 47 47 46 46 45 44 37 33 33 3312 1042 4357 2927 1937 4779 4326 5922 8984 5545 5356 4808 4352 4341 4325 4315 4314 4308 4308 4300 4294 4233 4202 4202 463 108 987 705 826 496 169 740 722 854 602 ?ai 006 •634 457 •474 3153 32 75 68 8295 68 321 7 139 ■570 37 80 •255 ■255 081 •450 ■429 ■415 31 27 [-2981] 65-3176 28 88 64 1482 •400 ■480 3211 63-6242 •211 •273 328 198 529 •449 ■626 ■404 36 92 56-8127 56 7772 •927 •643 43 79 3134 44 32 55 8460 54 ■ 6681 ■286 •720 423 •676 28 97 39 46 + 2980 Mean +3557 Va —553 Vd + 04 Curvature .... — 50 Radial velocity. + 29-6 204 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1907. Aprilo. G. M. T. 191- 25™ ijVIRGINIS 700. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by X. B. McLean. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length Normal W. L. i - 5 Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. a a> H 8 3 a 00 3 Velocity. 72 9795 4581007 47 3780 4315 199 ■178 021 1 46 70 6955 151-6 8734 2244 3385 1583 8578 8097 6545 4556 4549 4523 4515 4494 4481 4405 4404 4383 376 999 349 934 673 666 406 919 717 ■202 •766 •855 •508 174 233 494 ■426 + 11 45 1535 32-75 32 80 46 45 44 44 43 39 37 34 34 4723 6324 8952 4880 5241 2956 5965 0504 4688 4308 4300 4294 4290 4282 4247 4233 4210 4209 062 696 300 792 526 432 782 711 318 70 67 •211 ■485 3380 67 65 •432 360 25 16 64 56 56 ■400 ■927 266 479 1780 32 57 990 •328 ■494 •766 436 454 217 552 30-78 32 15 1545 54 1 +3930 50 1316 4340 992 634 •358 24 74 33 5334 4202 086 h + 24 67 -5 61 - 04 .. - 50 Radial velocity + 185 r, VIRGINIS 706. 1907. April 11. G. M. T. 17h 13"' Observed by W. E. Harper. Measured by N. B. McLean. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. Displacement. 1 Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. Displacement. Velocity. 73 0252 4584 009 54 6829 4383 697 73 70 70 0563 2033 1766 8928 3993 0257 2117 7004 8923 8424 7860 9167 4584 4549 4549 4534 4528 4501 4481 4470 4405 4404 4404 4395 400 936 650 539 874 812 744 242 417 920 357 766 018 •766 ■382 170 + 24 91 11 21 51 50 48 46 46 44 40 39 37 36 35 33 3729 1578 4969 5327 4914 5012 9230 3010 0057 7918 4373 5337 4352 4341 4325 4308 4308 4290 4260 4247 4233 4227 4216 4202 266 034 852 461 038 688 593 386 788 354 072 043 006 •634 •260 •400 17 91 27 64 68 68 139 •400 26 44 081 •380 26 45 66 64 ■448 ■400 •364 •344 2424 23 01 273 •415 28 97 63 ■996 328 ■904 •668 ■390 •460 450 •404 27 53 56 56 •927 ■490 26 52 32 57 3190 56 55 ■927 •286 570 •480 [-3876] 25 92 + 2872 Mean +2560 Va -8 51 Vd - 10 Curvature - '50 Radial velocity. +16' REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 205 1907. April 11. G. M. T. IS1' 07' .. VTRGINIS707. Observed by W. E. Hakpek. Mi-aMirt-d by N. B. McLean Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. £ S « a a 'S. 5 Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. «3 c « S 03 U «! ft 05 5 Velocity. 72 9643 4583 714 4549 274 4534 747 4528 477 4523 290 4491487 4481832 4476 -002 4404 850 4384277 51 3304 4352 509 006 •634 503 •488 34 66 7" 1047 50 48 46 44 44 40 35 33 0992 4287 4243 8994 8392 8493 2821 4581 4341 4326 4308 4294 4294 4260 4216 4202 122 034 243 832 466 sso 174 503 33 72 6S 8355 139 •608 + 40 19 68 3225 67 8441 65 3154 •974 316 2095 273 559 39- 02 64 1454 ■400 432 28-90 636286 ■668 606 + 3598 567723 54 6722 720 557 3810 Mean V„ V, Curvature. ■51 16 50 Radial velocity. - 33 94 + 248 1907. Apr. 15. G. M. T. 13h i v VIRGINIS 71". Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by N. B. McLean. Mean of M™d H**** LengtL Normal W. L. 43 C V g at •285 Velocity. Mt-an of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. 1106 634 c 0? S t O p3 'ft 00 3 •366 449 Velocity. 72 9756 4584 259 72 9562 4584 064 018 - 18 -58 54 51 50 48 47 46 40 35 33 5966 2851 0696 4016 2672 3939 8240 24S8 4250 4383 4352 4341 4325 4315 4308 4260 4216 4202 764 306 083 934 797 OSS 680 152 121 "20:67 31 02 70 1322 4550 046 70'0986 . 4549 632 ■766 ■280 1845 68-8294 1 4534-780 68-3115 i 4528 765 139 041 '•3i')i' 361 42 37 26 15 24 42 2:55 •542 37 18 64 1287 4481791 1 400 62-9515 ! 4469 024 -663 668 ■484 + 34 41 56 7555 44114 958 Mean +28 36 V —10 37 V,, , + -14 Curvature — 50 Radial velocity +17'6 35a — 17 206 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1907. April 18. G. M. T. 13'' 07" ijVIRGINIS 715. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 i ii.-. rved by W. E. Haeper. Measured by N. B. McLean. Mean of Sittings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. = to a Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measun .1 Wave Length. Normal W. L. Displacement. Velocity. 73 0413 45S3 80S 54 7087 43S3 732 4326 037 4308 221 4300 737 4294 456 4260 802 4233 929 4202 331 70 2330 4550 4549 4534 452S 4494 4481 4401 4386 099 47a 656 osu 618 871 927 040 766 333 21 94 48 46 46 44 40 37 33 5285 5245 6859 9433 9521 6396 5617 7H 1937 68 9173 68- 4144 139 517 34 17 081 •656 45 72 65 4041 64 2393 56 8673 ■400 ■471 3151 328 601 + 42 55 54 9478 •548 192 3365 Mean V Vd Curvature.. 1183 h 3492 12 •50 -Radial velocity - 22 7 1907. April 18. G. M. T. 16h 25m ^TIRCINIS 722. Observed by W. E. Harper. Measured by N. B. McLbaN. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. s 5 o "B. Q Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. 4-3 C £ S 1 o I. 5 Velocity. 72 9273 4583 916 57 9653 4417 166 4404 927 4340871 4325 989 42^2 607 4260 078 4233 651 4202 259 •985 181 1229 71 9864 4572 4549 4549 4528 4494 4481 4476 502 974 574 789 718 642 989 156 766 ■346 •208 + 22-70 13 71 56 50 48 43 40 37 33 7445 0411 4003 4360 8143 4789 4294 70 1087 70 0793 •634 •237 16-38 68-3004 65 2903 64 1017 63 0110 ■400 ■242 16 19 ■328 323 + 2287 Mean V„ V./ Curvature - 11 83 16 . . - 50 Radial velocity. . . . 17 36 4 9 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 207 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 77 VIRGINIS 722.* 1907. April 18. Observed by \w E Harpkr G. M. T. 16»25'». Measured by I w- lj- WABPKB- Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. a a. s to 0 •203 Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. 43 s E 0) 3 3 Velocity. 70 1299 70 0937 4549 969 4549 227 4534 291 4494 531 766 + 1338 56 7685 56 7614 50-0566 48-4118 48 -4:183 46 4327 4404 997 4404 950 4340 893 4326 137 4326 177 4308 320 ■927 070 477 68 7838 65-3070 139 157 1038 •634 259 14 70 64-1147 4481547 63 6260 •400 147 9S3 ■939 081 ■238 ■239 16-49; + 1670J Va Vd Curvature. . . . -11 83 16 . - 50 + 1184 Check measurement : + 2 accepted as result. Radial velocity... — 0 6 1907. April 18. G. M. T. 17h 57° V VIRGINIS 723. Observed by W. E. Harper. Measured by N. B. McLean. Mean of Settings. ■0024 ■9705 1535 1204 ■8313 •3309 •9716 1510 8119 7813 6267 '3158 Measured Wave Length . 4584 4583 4550 4549 4534 4528 4501 4481 4405 4404 4383 4352 404 •994 061 625 ■568 ■715 939 ■824 •231 •927 ■771 273 Normal W.L. s s 5 0 E. s Velocity. •018 ■386 +2524 ■766 •295 1944 139 •429 2836 •448 491 32-70 ■400 •424 2837 927 •304 20 70 006 •227 15 64 Mean of Settings. 1038 •4397 •3011 ■4301 •8928 •8485 ■4794 •8601 ■7279 ■2742 ■4616 Measured Wave Length. 4341 4326 4315 4308 4294 4294 4282 4260 4227 4216 4202 065 012 763 148 672 380 663 752 418 088 224 Normal W.L. 634 ■255 :273 021 •668 431 •508 :399 ■397 ■420 Velocity. 29-78 34 82 '27:85' 28 15 + 2986 + 26 74 Va Vd Curvature . . -11 85 - 24 - -50 Radial velocity. + 142 25a— 17J 208 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1907 April 19. G. M. T. IS" 19" i)VIK ■286 354 24 n Mean V v„ Curvature... Radial velocity. . . - 1 2 ' 22 50 34 19 17 21 6 1907. April 19. G. M. T. 15h 12" ■n VIRC1X1S 72S. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by X. B. McLean. Mean • of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. ID 00 5 Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. 43 c 0/ E Q) ji 5 Velocity. 72 ' 9499 4584 202 4550 385 4549 655 4534 638 4528 796 4523 365 4515 852 1492 S22 4481811 4469 1)20 4444 510 4405 -5S1 4404 927 54 5814 51 2893 50-0090 48-447! 48-3888 47-0170 40 3814 44 8594 44 7978 40 8055 37-5116 35 2493 33-4070 4383 690 4352 404 4341 190 4320 456 4325 892 4313 699 4308 049 4294 836 4294 267 4200 612 4234 011 4216 278 4202 093 70 1477 70 0854 •706 •619 r40'79 •006 634 939 •45S 556 •517 31 50 38-42 68-8057 68 3004 139 ■499 32 98 35 83 67-8300 67 • 1722 ■855 ■508 510 344 33 81 22-84 034 665 40 22 65 2989 273 ■563 39 30 64 1192 400 663 ■976 ■927 411 ■357 534 •654 27 50 23 95 30 04 44 54 62 9397 00 -6358 56 8096 .V, 7438 328 •668 683 610 4886 + 4338 1 Mean | 3637 V, -12 20 Vd + -02 Curvature - 50 Radial velocitv. 23 6 HKl'ORT OF THE CHIEF A.sTh'OXOilER 209 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 1907. April 19. (J. M. T. 16h02m n VIRGINXS 729. Observed by J. s. Plaskktt. Measured by X. B. McLean. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. Displacement. Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length . Normal W.L. Displacement, Velocity, 72 9587 4584 013 4572 356 4564 407 4550 179 4549 579 4534 619 68 3198 65 3089 64-1332 63 6253 56 7680 40 8339 452S 740 4494 664 4481759 4476 188 4404 927 4260 646 72 0028 15(i 939 766 200 468 413 +1312 30 75 27 22 71 3442 70- 1502 400 ■359 ^24 02 TO 1032 68-8224 139 480 3173 Mean " +2578 Va -12-29 V,, - 04 Curvature - '50 Radial velocity. j-13'0- 1907. April 19. G. M. T. 17h 50™ 77 VIRGINIS 730. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by N. B. McLean. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length . Normal W.L. Displacement. Velocity. Mean Measured of Wave Settings. Length. Normal W.L. c Q E — B 5 Velocity. 72 9837 4584 121 56 7842 i 4404 927 70 1866 70 1261 4550 350 4549 657 4528 801 4516 481 4494 747 4482 074 4476 30.3 766 •584 + 38 49 50 48 48 46 40 37 33 1312 4341364 5071 4326 623 -634 939 730 684 50 44 47 40 68 3413 4332 4325 928 4196 4308 030 8505 4260 650 5470 4233 942 4532 ' 4202 138 67 2666 •508 •973 64 61 65 3326 64 ■ 1822 6.3 6521 400 674 45 09 •328 •614 + 43 47 Mean +46 39 V„ -1231 V„ - -17 Curvatuie - 50 Radial velocity -33 4 mo DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR V VIRGIXIS 735. 1907. April 24. G. M. T. 14h03"> 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by J. S. Pj.askett. Measured by W. E. Habpkk. Mean of Set tings. Measured Wave Length. Norma) W.L. c s 55 3 CO 5 Velocity. Mean of Sittings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. 1 Msplai 1 11 'Hi. Velocity. 73 4020 4588-733 4584 430 45S4 023 4549 943 4549 608 1534 521 4528 752 4523 016 4501-836 4494 721 44S1755 4476 L54 1405170 ■381 018 •352 412 2295 26 94 56 8059 55 8631 54-6456 513431 47 9577 46-4768 46 4355 40 9017 40 8580 37 5298 35 2690 33 4569 4404 873 4395 608 4383 671 4352 412 4321563 4308 268 4307 956 4261 041 4260 561 4233 800 4216 089 4202 034 73 73 0530 0195 1890 1020 8716 3750 8740 0020 3651 1840 H714 •280 322 2190 70 70 ■760 177 11-66 006 -992 081 ■406 •571 187 27 97 39 57 12 50 68 68 139 •382 2525 67 66 ■ -855 •448 161 ■387 10 01 25 77 640 •401 2823 65 •328 ■668 172 •421 33-43 + 2997 64 63 •400 •355 23 75 56 8306 ■927 243 16-55 Mean V v„ Curvature.. Radial velocity. 14 50 21-55 09 .•hi 66 1907. Apr. 24. G. M. T. 15" 25°' v VIRGINIS 737. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by X. B. McLean. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. 43 a Z 53 J ' 9} 'S Velocity. Mean of Sit tings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. , Displacement. 73 0344 4584 252 4572 435 155H 020 4549 781 4528 904 4481940 4476 243 4404 909 4395 510 54-6567 4383 605 4352 251 4325 791 430S517 4307 923 4272 508 4271 000 4260 425 72 70 0830 2079 1753 3884 2125 6839 8200 8670 156 766 ■279 ■260 + 18-27 17 13 51 48 46 40 42 42 40 3380 4585 4978 4490 2980 1963 8687 006 ■245 16 ss 70 081 436 30 34 68 •400 ■540 30 13 64 63 ■760 •760 7IS 100 + 52 51 [- 702] 56 55 •286 ■224 15 28 Mean Va Vj Curvature . -26 65 —14-50 — 02 — 50 Radial velocity +11.6 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 211 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 1907. April 26. G. M. T. HI1' 20" V VIRGIN IS 738. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by N. B. McLean. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal \V. L. c © S ct u c3 i. £ Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Lengtli. Normal W. L. c H V m '5 Velocity 72 9932 4581 251 018 ■766 ■236 ■215 + 1539 L615 63-6407 56 8273 56-7*79 50-1028 484443 35-72SO 35-2678 33 4759 4476 L89 4405 316 4404 971 4311 021 4326 009 4219 538 4215 938 4202 199 72 9740 7u 1509 7ii 1180 4583 4550 ■1519 4531 1528 4523 4494 448] 970 Oil 552 661 721 375 765 740 -927 ■634 389 -387 36 1: 20 71 r,< 8416 139 •522 :;i 50 B8 3345 678650 05 3336 855 •520 34 48 668 ■270 + 19 20 64 1513 ■400 ■340 22 ' 75 Mean +2446 V, -15-38 Vd -11 < lurvature - '50 Radial velocity + 8-5 1907. April 27. G. M. T. 16h 10" ») VIRGINIS 740. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by N. B. McLean. Mean Measured of Wave Settings. Length. 72 9961 4584 101 72 0653 4572 679 70 1788 4550 094 68' 8587 4534 -62S 68 3549 4528 812 07 8736 4523 258 67 2342 4515 957 65 3458 4194-758 64 • 1076 4481-778 63-6566 4476 325 56-8341 4105 271 56 7958 4404 905 Normal W.L. 156 ■766 139 ■855 ■508 •400 :927 •523 ■328 489 403 •449 •378 :344 Velocity. + 34 31 21 0:2 32 32 26 72 29-81 25 29 23:39 Mean of Settings, Measured Wave Length. 513341 50 1063 48-4782 48 4440 46-4694 44 8795 44 8482 37 5356 36 7527 35 2891 33 4568 4352 4311 4326 4325 4308 4294 4294 4233 4227 4216 4201 388 1149 ■219 861 ■365 ■571 171 800 ■414 ■215 ■909 Normal W.L. ooi ; 634 081 ■273 ■328 :668' •382 •415 '280 ■284 •298 472 ;547' Velocity. 26 32 28 68 19 40 19 '77 20 80 33 42 '38;89' Mean V« V, Curvature . 15-80 10 •50 + 27 20 Radial velocity +10'8 212 DEPARTUEXT OF THE INTERIOR r.ior. May 2. G. M. T. " 13'' 22'". v VIKiilNIS 742. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by W. E Uakpek. Measured by N. B. McLean. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. Displacement. Velocity. Mean Measured of Wave Settings. Length. Normal W. L. -855 1 o 3 a. s Velocity. 72 9620 4584 009 4550 259 , 32 49 33 73 33 97 67 '8535 65 3062 64-1340 62-9622 56-7616 4523 440 4494 683 4481814 4469 109 4404 974 •585 3878 70- 1570 766 -690 139 •493 511 •514 70-1027 i 4549 570 69 4723 1 4542 201 68-825J 4534 654 ■400 663 414 446 27 70 29 93 68 3217 4528 782 Mean Va .... V,i... Curvature. -17 80 :50". -32 77 '"'i2 Kadial velocity, ^14 6 1907. May 2. (J. M. T. 13h22'" ■n VIK<:IX1S742" observed by lw F H.„p„ Measured by I " ■ K" HAIiPKR- Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. 43 c a> S 0) CJ 5 "3. GO 3 Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. 4a g s CD i ED 5 Velocity. 71-1942 71 ' 1408 69 8567 4550 274 4549 664 4534 624 4528 797 4523 325 4494 S17 766 139 •508 485 + 33 48 32 06 65 1712 639916 63 7725 46-1631 45 8302 4481 843 4469 074 4466 734 4297 293 4204 269 ■400 663 •443 411 29 64 27 58 69-3531 861 432 30 15 68-87S7 •855 ■470 31-11 66-3483 + 30 • 67 Vo V.( Curvature . -17 80 ■50 + 12 Radial velocity. Cluck measurement : the mean of the two measurements, +13'5, used. + 12 5 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTROXOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 213 1907. May 4. C. M. T. 16h 27m >) V IRC IMS 748. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by N. B. McLean. Mean of Setting.-. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. 43 a s 0) a "a 00 S Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. c a S o 3 a .Z Q Velocity. 73 0098 4584 081 4534 429 4528741 4489 419 4481603 4476 254 4405 231 4404 927 54 6824 46 4974 45 9942 45 5125 37 9108 37 5937 35 8133 35-3564 33 5589 4383 758 4308 126 4303 634 4 J! HI .Mis 4236- 170 4233 569 4219 623 4215 997 4202 259 68 8588 139 258 400 290 161 203 + 19 17 10 75 13 58 68-3712 64 8913 337 297 20 49 64 1808 63 6888 •328 241 17 06 56 8664 927 304 20 67 56-8352 •668 329 + 23 39 55 8807 4395 460 ■286 174 ■il-87 + 17 12 Va -1864 V, - 15 Curvature - 50 Radial velocity - 22 r, VIRGINIS 751. 1907. May 7. G. M. T. ' 13' 32"' Observed by W. E. Harper. Measured by N. B. McLean. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. +3 c B o 00 5 Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. I,. 43 c a> a V 3 "a 00 3 ■268 251 Velocity. 73 0992 72 9749 70 1475 4584 4584 4549 4534 4528 4523 4501 4494 4481 4476 4144 4405 4404 317 024 956 641 798 365 800 752 660 258 222 472 9?7 018 766 139 299 190 ■502 + 1949 12 52 33 18 55 54 54 50 48 46 46 45 44 42 40 35 33 8200 6325 6052 0804 4210 4297 3983 5256 8198 2118 8218 2347 4168 4395 554 43S3 '.171 4383 706 4311 094 4326 034 4308 241 4308 053 4300 440 4294 323 4272 177 4260 640 4216 038 4202 180 •286 720 18 -28 17 17 68 8403 683355 634 939 081 ■460 095 160 31 79 6 58 67 8631 65 9582 855 -448 5i6 352 33 81 2344 11 14 65 3236 211 •229 15-96 64 1351 400 ■260 17 39 63-6380 934 •243 17 in; 60 6275 ■976 927 246 545 16 60 37 06 56 8231 567683 ■668 ■370 +26 31 Mean V„ v., Curvature. Radial velocity 19 98 04 -19-72 - -50 0 2 214 DEPARTMENT OF 1 HE INTERIOR 1907. May 9. G. M. T. 13" 30" v VIRGINIS754. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 i Ibsi i ved by W. K. Hakpeh. Measured by X. B. McLean. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal w. L. a X a CD i & (5 Velocity. Mean o! Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. = B CD y ♦2 t» Q Velocity. 72 -9! 104 1584 037 627514 567613 46 3866 46 3754 44 3601 40 7874 1466 739 Hoi 981 4308 213 430S0S9 4290-622 4260 643 70 166:5 S184 3378 5761 1314 1550 4534 l.VJs 1508 4494 4481 108 337 775 699 794 614 766 332 139 '198 2] 85 13 09 68 68 081. ■ 132 9 19 66 65 ■455 i 244 1625 62 190 G4 1, in l'H 14 J V 20 IS v„ Curvature. . . - ,-.o Radial velocity. . - 62 ■14 66 1907. May 14. G. M. T. 15" 12° v VIRGIN IS 757. i observed by W. E. Harper. Measured by X. B. McLean. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. 43 c s> 6 CD % "3. V. s Velocity. Mean of S l tings. Measured Wa \ e Length. Normal W. L. Displacement. Velocity. 78 1657 4594 ■ 216 4586 476 4583947 4580 472 1528 071 4522847 4494-710 4481243 56 44112 4452 156 1 1 1 < ', 856 4415 269 4404 927 430SOS1 4294 149 4294 294 77-0834 50 50 48 29 26 26 3683 0908 2477 5592 6367 6690 ■985 129 8 76 76 7190 76-2366 018 071 -398 68 6518 67 7526 63 3913 •855 008 0 53 •273 124 -8 66 61 2339 •400 157 10 50 - 049 V Vj Cun ature •locitv -22 17 - U 50 Radial v ... - 29 3 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 215 1907. May 14. 27-6261 26-7665 26 5533 26 5828 4415 336 76 6343 9997 9497 6953 0828 3866 5673 8573 6547 42: 17 3016 7656 1506 3275 9935 6148 4395 4395 4395 4385 4384 4383 4383 4351 4325 4326 4307 4299 4295 4294 976 237 482 509 482 443 810 874 877 082 954 235 164 156 ■286 •286 ■689 049 [ + 4699] 76 - 3 34 74 ■ 156 •766 021 036 - 1 38 - 237 71 71 548 '720 •720 039 762 277 - 2-67 52 12] 09 68 •168 855 855 '455 044 + 291 -18H5 67 67 65 1 248 081 135 + [82-74] - 5 37 - 898 006 ■939 132 062 - 9 09 - 4 30 63 081 •410 ■273 ■273 127 155 •891 117 - 884 62 61 60 •570 •400 199 ■117 -1329 - 783 -11 50 [ + 62 191 - 8'17 54 54 ■976 087 + 587 4294 428 1 Check measurement. Weighted mean . V vl( Curvature . Radial velocity -28 9 - 6 00 -22-50 - 11 - 28 1907. Mav 18. G. M. T. "I6h05- V VJRG1NIS 761. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by W. E. Harper. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. a CD s w 00 a Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. a B n en P Velocity. 74-9488 74 9323 4572 070 4571940 4553 974 4549 087 4549 554 44114 706 156 086 - 562 61-1405 58-7736 49 2489 46 4223 46-3646 4481265 4466-641 4411 -068 4394 909 4395 063 400 135 9 03 72 3285 716942 -211 237 15 57 •205 137 9 29 716790 63 2955 766 212 13 97 •286 •223 -1525 Weighted mean - 11'35 V" -2340 V640 4260-455 78 '81 48 73 5214 71 1940 70 4030 766 168 069 137 4 50 - 907 006 263 is 13 ■855 397 022 178 - 1 46 -1181 119 1025 65 1443 ■761 •273 396 170 -27 65 11-87 62 9966 400 293 117 048 - 7 83 3 26 60 6345 518818 640 185 -1303 Mean -10 21 V„ -24-00 Va - 12 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity . . . -34 6 1907. May 23. <;. M. T. 13" 36" VIRGINIS 773. Observed by W. E. Harper. Measured by N. B. McLean. Mean Measured of Wave Settings. Length. Normal W.L. c s a S Velocity. •Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. C 9 s 1 DO a Velocity. 72 9936 4S64 545 4861 327 4564 749 4549 666 4528 829 4376 104 4325 892 43 0822 42-5373 42-1351 35 4807 35 4691 20 6201 430S047 4300- 114 4294 241 4202 183 4202 042 4023 563 72-8570 58 6518 •C27 200 - 12 32 •211 097 6 76 57-8328 56 6824 •766 100 6 59 198 156 11-12 47 7827 44 2879 Mean V., V.i Curvature.. Radial velocity. 9 20 2480 03 28 343 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 1907. May 24. G. M. T. 13"' 25" ■n VTRGINIS 217 Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by N. B. MoLBAK. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in revns. Velocity. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in revns. Velocity. 73 0048 i 54 7557 53:9698 51 3860 48-7747 0132 0128 nl 07 72 60 8872 2271 8224 8581 8352 6S06 72-8468 0281 + 40-82 53 51 50 48 48 44 9982 4108 5182 7955 7910 2817 1523 14 34 59 57 57 56 57 8225 0178 21-48 + 1164 Mean . . . V.. Vrf Curvature . Radial velocity. + 20 70 1907. Mav 29. G. M. T. *14h 45™ v VIEGINIS 789. Observed by J. S. PLASKETT. Measured by W. E. Habpek. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. £ "H. r. s Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. C m B s Velocity. 73 2041 4871 45? 4862 067 4586 786 4584 208 4564 299 4556 587 4550 056 4549 855 4534 529 4528 947 4501-748 4494 977 4481640 4469200 527 540 +33 32 52 6800 49 3193 48 7302 45 2385 430317 425029 42-0766 40 5180 39 7122 37 7766 36-4552 35 4233 29 6175 24-1875 4460 462 4405 014 4395 496 4341270 4308 246 4300o04 4294 384 4271 967 4260 657 4233 828 4215 948 4202 198 1128 302 4064 079 72-8070 59 7478 •286 ■210 14 32 59 62-27 018 939 202 •766 190 360 385 290 12 39 23 62 25 33 1911 58-5574 58-1392 57 7835 081 211 165 293 11 42 20 30 57 7609 760 207 14'50 56 9279 139 390 2582 56'607S ■328 •668 500 • 280 35 40 55 0829 54 6890 •448 300 19 90 19 91 53 9235 53-1959 400 ■668 240 532 16 06 3560 862 759 440 •320 31 42 22 'il Mean V„ 26 26 V, - 16 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity - 3 23 26 218 DEPARTMEST OF THE IMERIOR 1907. May 29. G. M. T. ' llh 45° nVIRGINIS ?89. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by .1. S. Pl&skbg r. Measured by X. B. McLean. Mean of Settings. Corrected St.;ir Settings. Displace- ment in Revile. Velocity. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star .Setting?. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 72 SWKW 0307 ' 53 2538 49 3755 48 7827 47 7691 45 3031 44 2755 409177 40 5689 39 7652 35 4743 532400 0262 29 97 72 72 4028 6769 8398 8117 9991 6622 1265 9787 72 8674 + 53 32 59 59(5657 57 8271 0171 0124 21 08 14 96 57 57 45-2979 40 51 '.77 0492 0168 5161 56 56 56-9847 0394 47 05 + 1672 55 55 1121 53 9651 0030 0085 3 51 9 81 53 Mean V„ -Vd Curvature. . Radial velocity . * Measured for trial of short method of reduction ; result not used. -26 26 •16 - 28 + 2755 hO-g 1907. May 31. G. M. T. 14h06" t, VIRGINIS 795. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by N. B. McLean. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocit;! Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 72 9425> 53 9722 53 9948 517785 0382 0289 44 07 72 60 8177 1767 7646 8116 9534 630S 7038 72 8370 0183 + 26 59 51 49 48 45 44 39 35 7537 3373 7461 2552 2407 7275 4363 32 51 59 57 56 56 57 8284 56-9698 0237 0245 2859 29 26 45-2876 0389 + 4072 54 Weighted Mean +34 40 Va -26 68 Vd — 11 Curvature — 28 Radial velocity. 3 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 219 1907. June 10. G. M. T. 13h35'" r, VIRGINIS 811. Observed by J. S. Pr.ASKKTT. Measured by N. B. McLean. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in revns. Velocity. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in revns. Velocity. 72 ' 9337 52 2473 72-8114 72 '3689 72 SIM 0227 +3298 4S 45 45 44 36 35 35 7827 2927 3105 2834 5500 4900 60 1912 59 7814 57 8175 56 6554 54 ' 0050 57 8130 53 9962 0083 0396 10 01 45 69 4.', 2985 36 5364 0498 0351 52 14 + 33-50 5658 Weighted mean +37 15 Va —28-31 V,j - 12 Curvature — '28 Radial velocity . 8'4 1907. June 11. G. M. T. 13" 28™ r, VIRGINIS 822. Observed by W. E. Harper. Measured by N. B. McLean. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in revns. Velocity. + 33 90 Mean of Settings. 52 2517 . 48 7796 44 3095 44 2830 Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in revns. Velocity. 60 1977 59 7904 57 8416 56 6525 57 8328 0281 44 2991 0268 +2776 54 0072 53 9972 0406 + 4684 Weighted mean +3617 Va —28 44 Vrt - 12 Curvature — 28 Radia velocity + 7'3 220 DEPART UENT OF THE INTERIOR 1907. June 12. i. M. T. 14" 35'" 7, VI KG I MS 835. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observe J by -T. S. Plaskett. M.-a-ured by W. E. Hakpeu. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. *3 - = k — X 5 Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal \V. L. 43 c e Z a X Velocity. 7 1 8486 71 7286 1550 156 4549' 267 4534 !KXI 4528 549 4515 000 766 ■690 (5 47 63 3303 61 3025 58 7945 55 1215 50 0100 44:14 7s;i 4482 094 4466 891 4444 790 4415 643 •400 694 46 43 09-5323 68 '6035 139 761 r.o ir. 976 814 + 54 94 r,.;-50io 508 •508 V„ v., Curvature Radial velocitv — -js- 4i-, — 20 — 2.S 4S 52 > 4-19- 1907. July 5. C. M. T. W02" ijVIRGINIS 915. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by N. B. McLean. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Sittings. Displace- ment in revns. Velocity. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in revns. Velocity. 60 -'351 54 7528 54 "197 52-2756 49 4425 48 8002 :,;i 8251 • 53 9941 0243 27 97 57 8818 57 8578 0310 + 37 32 56 6911 49 4125 0451 - 49 27 551902 551638 0386 1502 1 Mean V Vd Curvature. 39 89 -28 38 ■25 - 28 Radial velocitj -110 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a SUMMARY OF MEASURES OF r, V1RGINIS. u i g 5 Date. GMT. Julian Day. I'liase. "5 0 u St J5 E 3 4) Date. G.M.T. Julian 1 >ay. Phase. >. ■*» '5 c t3 s h 3 > 3 5 19(17. £ 1907. m ii 111 0*1 Feb. 22 17 2,417,629 75 0 75 - 4 728 Apr. 19 15 12 G85 G3 56-63 + 27 638 n 25 IS 50 632 78 3-78 - 3 729 ., 19 16 02 685 67 fcO 67 + 13 651 Mar. 6 IG 15 641-67 12 G7 -10 730 „ 19 17 50 085-75 56-75 + 33 65? G IK 58 641-79 12 79 -34 735 „ 24 11 03 690'59 61-59 + 1 656 8 16 15 643 67 14G7 -31 737 „ 24 15 25 690-64 6164 + 12 B58 8 19 33 G43 81 14 SI -42 738 „ 2G 16 20 692 OH 6368 + 9 663 ii 11 IG ?,?. G4G G8 17 68 -37 740 „ 27 16 10 693-67 64-67 + 11 664 ii 11 19 05 64679 1779 -25 742 May 2 13 22 698 56 69 50 + 13* 668 ii 20 15 43 655 65 26 65 + 3 748 4 16 29 700G9 7169 - 2 671 .. 20 19 36 655 82 26 82 + 12* 751 .. 7 13 22 703 56 2-66 0 675 „ 28 14 05 663 58 34 58 + 13 754 i, 9 13 30 705 56 4 66 - 6 689 Apr. 3 15 10 669 63 40 03 + 10 757 .. 14 15 12 71063 9 73 -29* 610 3 16 17 069-67 40 67 + 25 761 „ 18 16 05 714 67 1377 -35 697 ii 5 15 58 G71 66 4266 + 30 703 n 20 15 07 710 03 15 73 -35 700 19 25 67181 42 81 + 19 773 „ 23 13 30 719 57 18-67 -34 rots „ 11 17 13 48 72 + 17 777 .. 24 13 25 720 50 1966 - 5 707 11 18 07 48 75 +25 789 ii 29 13 48 725-58 24 68 - 3 710 ,. 15 13 5? 681 6S 52-68 + 18 795 ,. 31 14 00 727 59 26 69 + 7 713 •i 18 13 07 684 54 55 ' 64 + 23 811 June 10 13 35 73767 36 66 + 8 m „ IS 15 01 684-62 55-62 + 2* 822 „ 11 13 28 738 56 37-60 + 7 723 1, 18 17 57 G84 75 56 75 + 14 835 ,, 12 14 35 739 63 38 71 + 20 725 .. 19 13 19 G85 55 66-55 + 22 915 July 5 14 02 2,417,762-58 6168 + 11 Mean of two or more measurements. PREVIOUS OBSERVATIONS OF ij VIRG1NIS. i »ate. Julian Day. Phase. Velocity. Residuals C-O. Date. 1903. Feb. 6 May 17 ., 24 Julian Day. Phase. Velocity. Residuals C-O. 1903. Jan. 14 16 Feb. 4 2,416,1297 1317 149 7 10 -6 12 6 30 6 -28 —31 + 1 - 2 - 5 + 2 150 6 2517 2,416,258 7 31-5 60 7 67 7 + 3 + 17 + 4 + 1 0 + 0 In September the last of the plates was measured and approximate values of the elements were obtained from the oscillation curve. Some of the larger residuals are probably due to the low dispersion, as it does not permit of the resolution of the spectral lines of the two components unless they differ in velocity by about 70 km. per sec. In cases where there was not this difference in velocity the centre of intensity of the line would be shifted and an error would consequently be introduced in the setting. Then, too, there were certain gaps in the curve and, taking all things into consideration it was felt that more spectrograms would have to be secured before a rigid determination of the elements could be made. The appearance of Naozo Ichinohe's article in the Astrophysical Journal for November, 1907, and the marked similarity of the oscillation curve there given to that obtained here decided us to review the data already secured. Some of the plates where the velocities for the different lines were not in good agreement with one another were remeasured, and a new determination of the elements was made. Preliminary values were obtained by the methods of Russell and Lehmann-Filhes as described in the report for last year and by a series of trials the values of the elements which 25a— IS 222 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 gave a curve most in accord with the observations was finally accepted. These values differed very little from the former ones; the period of 71-9d was found to suit the previous observations better than our value of 71 -7d, and it was accepted. A table of the previous observations known to the writer prior to the publication of the above article is given after the summary of the velocities. The velocity curve (Fig. 11) computed from the following elements with the observed points is shown, as is also a graph of the orbit, Fig. 12. Fig. 12— Orbit of t) Virginis. It would be advisable, I think, to obtain a number of spectrograms of this star at selected epochs in its orbit with the new three-prism spectrograph whose dispersion is so much greater than those used before, and use these in conjunction with those already obtained to determine more accurate values of the elements, particularly the eccentricity. These spectrograms would show the spectrum of the fainter component, and it might be possible to get sufficient measurements of its velocity to get an idea of the relative masses of the components. so' Q 1 P 9 X 1 - O ^"^ OS < .J i o o ° /o O / D m / °P ® / ® o •* o ® o tO ® \© o\ \ c O — v — o ® \C ) n o V® \G CO o 4 25a— p. 222. ? REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 223 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a The elements for the brighter component, which should be regarded as provisional only, are shown in the following table. For purposes of comparison the Yerkes results are attached. ELEMENTS OF ORBIT OF 7; VIRGINIS. Elements. Ottawa. Yerkes. 719 d. 0 251 180° Elements. Ottawa. Yerkes. P e u 7111 d. 0 40 185° Velocity ofSystem T a sin i + 2. 2 km. per sec. J.D. 2,417,613.50 25,750,000 km. — 0'4 km. per sec. J.D. 2,417,644.93 25,290,000 km. 25a— 18i 224 DEPARTMEXT OF THE 1XTERI0R 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX B. 0 AQUILAK. "\V. E. Harper. The star d Aquilae, o = 20h 6-2m, 8 = - 1° T, photographic magnitude 3-6, was one of the early-type stars selected for observation when the single-prism spectrograph was ready for use, about the middle of May of last year. Owing to lack of help the early spectrograms were not measured until the latter part of August. It was then noted that there was a rapid change at the time of maximum positive velocity and that this condition repeated itself about every 17 days. Attempts were, therefore, made to secure spectrograms of the star grouped around this critical phase, but in this we were only partially successful, as cloudy weather prevented us making all the observations we required at this particular epoch. Pending the securing of these the coming summer, it is well. I think, to give the provisional elements. Where two or more spectrograms were secured on one night the weighted mean of the velocities is used. The spectrum of the star is of the type Vila, the four hydrogen lines Hj , Hy, Hz and He. along with the magnesium line A. 4481 and the K line X 3933, being well adapted for measurement. The plates were all reduced by the short method previously mentioned, the tables following giving all the required data in regard to micrometer settings and velocity per revolution. In the detailed statement of measures it would be advisable in future to have a column following ' Mean of Settings ' entitled ' Corrections to Comparison Lines,' which would show the amounts that the settings on the comparison lines differ from the standard settings according to the tables. This would show at a glance how the corrected star settings were obtained from the corresponding lines in the mean of settings. FE V COMPARISON LINES. Wave-Lengfch. Micrometer Readings. Wave Length. Micrometer Readings. 20° 30: 20° 30° 4864 943 1851686 4494 755 4482-413 4466 737 72 9636 72 3993 54 7206 54-0153 53- 1007 73-0098 724449 547419 540288 531120 4341162 4325 9 tl 40119 -921 3969 411 3930-450 45 2836 44-2724 27-3219 15-2592 11-6580 45 3736 44-2593 27 2466 15-3986 11-6072 STELLAR LINES IN 9 AQUILAE. Wave 20 30° Wave- Length. 20: 30° Length. Vel. per rev . Micr. Setting. Vel. per rev. Micr. Setting. Vel. per rev. Micr. Setting. Vel. per rev, Micr. Setting. 4801-527 4481 -4i m 434H 634 1452 8 1163-7 10469 728187 53:9566 45 2487 1451-2 1150 9 1043 7 72-8648 53-9698 452387 4102000 3970 177 3933-820 c71 6 7782 75:; ii 27-4965 15-6035 120004 867 9 774-3 7490 27-4219 15-4733 11 S514 o 0 o o 5 ~~c o o \ ^ o \ i ° o 1 \ ^ ^ ) ■> k^ o o - qi , ^i:-^:i-^^r:---r = f-rrhr-h--i:::::rr; ---,-. 3 o. "J — 3 ~r ^ B.S _ = o » 3 o 5 o 3,2 o 3 =.SP«>.2 a =.g c o 3 o = = a .2 .* = SOP=iOft.C|iiWOE=i — > - '- :_ "J - '- - —'f. S = 1 :'.= S ■wianreQ 30 00 00 00 ao oo ao ac x x a> oo ao oo n oo oo ao oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo an ■.uaiMtiixioQ aoaDacaoaoaoooaoaoaoooaoaoaoooaDaooGaooocoGOaoaoaoaoaoaoaoaoooaoac x x boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooopopp •snooj aing 'M?P!A\ HIS 90t&e««ifiOOOOOOOOOOO cooooooooooooooooo 171 — — 717171 71 71- ■ — 71 71 -. i - - r- "_ - fa - - O £'_ t>> CO GC X O -r O O IN ■ o c t ?: i- :i k cm- c o r. c c - :i :i .-: :: :i - . o © ■paa ■^ura [ - x - X I- X mo'fooNOOW'i'wax ■•TKMCKMi-irHr-r © •pa3 © © l~ ?} rt .~ M © -r X -r Ifi -r — X .." -T OOWNrit-XtDniC ;OOOWO coxboc »~ <~. — — — — — — — 71 ^ X Ti - -■:- I I S 60 C ^ ^~: i ?i — n -r -r •*■ .— .— •?■ T-i — ■-iH'f'i'^cistfC i*" t — © OO O O O OO O O O i-H '•* O f-t~*»H HOHH CI *-« O ~- •— © © © N CC O ** i-l ■uotjumd - i~ r :c c 2 OpQH3-?D»«0 ., l- O O M CM « o s C C t C ^ h ir; ?) ^ o c - :i:i:i:i:i:i M:iri:i:i:iTir .:r: x -^ -: ..- i-, -r i-. :■ :i:i:i:i-" txtriri?! NnHMfir-!,iH--?)r-iMiHr-o-XH-cc:OHr.T. x r. l- r- x © ;i-y. r. £ = - be •U.WUIBJ ■JJ 77 OSCSi r •>CP"X| s.7.y.7.?. i- :- .- -r — 71 :C ~. ~ »H C4COCQ NX X X « O 71 C3 -T 73 t-*C*!SCDO> r-1 71 c n c :i r. -r t c c r h ^ ?i :m :: r. - o i- i - t- x x x x x x r. 31 x x r. 7. 7 r. r. r. 7 : 3 3 o : : : : : 3 - : : c 3 o 3 7 7 : : REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 227 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 'S3 L o Jo sis :-H=;"-----a- a-^=n X X x oo x x x x x x x x CO b o o o«o © o o © o o o o ~CCC:'"'--^'":00000 wwxi5^:i«K?:K«w« c c t- -r o i-> -h t- --h — -© c r: lO IS O O X X X ~ ic i- t^ i • *^ OOfflNOnH i - r-OOOO iQiCC => 0C X X __ _. „ _ -1 ic -- t-b-t- c o in © • i-no CO HO OS COCO o c — -r rC ■ -T- 7" -1 -# -r 71 tNl CN ri c tr -r -r re -t> :: tz :c — ■ x — <* •* CO CN 1 7196 53 9103 53 0928 2 1 n- IS i 2 45 2775 45 1980 44 2609 30 9144 27-4088 27 2933 2 i 1 72 7*77 0310 -45 04 45 2062 IU2-". 4-1 ."-1 2 1 53 9155 0411 —47 4-2 27 4336 0629 -54 82 Weighted mean — 46 31 V„ + 22 75 V.i + 09 Curvature — 2$ 1907. -Tune 10. • J. M. T. 19h 40" 9 VQUILAE. 819 Radial velocity — 23 7 ( ll served by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by J. N. Tribble. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revolutions. Velocity. *£ 5 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revolutions. Velocity. 24 l f 72 9497 72 7530 72 3880 54-7395 53 9247 53 1164 72 7662 2 2 2 1 45 3075 452115 44 2883 30-9602 27 4324 27 3512 0525 -76 27 45 1915 0562 -58 84 53 9099 0467 -53 88 2 2 27 4620 »345 -30 07 1907. June 12. G. M. T. 20'' 05'" r) AQUILAE 841. Weighted mean — 5S 71 V„ + 2006 V,( 0 0 Cu vature — '28 Radial velocity — 38 9 Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured bv J. N. Tribble. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revolutions. Velocity. i Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting". Displace- ment in Revolutions. Velocity. li o li 1 72 9574 727739 72 3986 54 7404 53-9214 53 1075 if 2 H • 45 2946 45 2019 44 2799 30 9462 27 4O02 27 3344 72 7779 ■0408 -69-27 45 1925 0562 -5883 "63 9122 3 f, 0444 — £>i-22 27 3882 1083 —94 39 Weighted mean —57 02 V, +19 02 V.i 00 Curvature — 2S Radial velocity -383 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 1907. June 14 G. M. T. 191' 36"' ii AQUILAE 854. Observed l>y J. S. I'i.askett. Measured by J. N. Tkibble. $ Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revolutions. Velocity. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revolutions. Velocity. 2 72 9749 72 7903 72 1H93 54 7313 53 9121 53 0980 2 2 14 1 I 2 45 2778 45 1867 44 2598 30 9014 27 3800 27 2826 45 1835 2 2 72 7807- 0380 -55 20 0B52 -68-25 9 53 9109 0457 -52 72 27 3442 1523 -132 74 Weighted mean — 5S. 94 Va + 1833 Va 00 Curvature — '28 Radial velocity. 419 1907. June 20. G. M. T. 18'M0" e AQUILAE 865. Observed by W. E. Harper. Measured by J. N. Tribbi.e. £ Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revolutions. Velocity. +3 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revolutions. Velocity. •i 54 7079 53 9698 53 9874 0308 + 35 53 2 53 0799 2 Velocity +3553 V, +1612 V, + -04 Curvature — 28 Radial velocity. + 51-4 1907. June 20. G. M. T. IS" 40™ S AQl'ILAE 865» Observed by W. E. Harper. Measured by J. N. Tribble. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revolutions. Velocity. +3 2 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revolutions. Velocity. 2 54 7570 54 0117 53 1294 •i 53 9941 0243 +27 97 Ve'ocitv +27 97 Va" +16 12 V,i + 04 Curvature — -28 * Check measurement. Radial velocity . 4-43-8 230 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 1907. June 20. G. M. T. 18" 10" 9 A.QUILAE 8G5 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by I w ,, 1Iai:1.ek_ Measured by i -*-» Mean Settings. Ci rreeted Star Settings. Displace; ment in Revolutions. Velocity. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revolutions. Velocity. 9 27 0238 1 27 0055 27 0110 0221 2a 50 Velocity Va +1612 Vd + 04 Curvature ■28 - Second check measurement : Accepted result 44'7. 9 ACJUILAE 873 1907. .Tun,/:":. G. M. T. " 19'' 20"" Radial velocity 41 I i Ibsei ved by J. S. Plasi Mi asured bj .1 N. Tbibble. Mean of Settings. < lorrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revolutions. city. — S Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revolutions. Velocity. •> 73 0071 72 8333 72 4446 54 7358 53 9003 53- 1084 2 I 45 2815 45 2132 44-2586 45 2060 0327 2 2 0299 -43 39 —34 12 U 53-9107 0591 68 01 30 8942 27-3968 27 2815 27 3638 0581 -50-42 Weighted mean —47 i'l V„ 1573 v oo Curvature — '28 Radial velocity — 31 6 1907. June 21. <;. M. T. 19" 20" AQUILAE S73* Observed by J. S. 1'i.askkti. Measured bv J. X. Tribble. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. $ Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 2 ? 7.1 0948 72-9181 72 5309 57 9187 57 8835 : 2 2 548292 54 0185 53-1977 45 3701 45-3099 728328 0320 —46-43 53 9320 0378 -43-51 1 l 4 57 7848 0420 —50 56 45 2134 • 0253 -26 41 Weighted mean — 38 16 V„ +1573 V, 00 Curvature - 28 Radial Check measurement : Accepter! result — 26 0 vel" it v 22 7 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ISTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 231 a AQUtLAE 905 1807. July 2. O. M. T. IS1' 12" Observed by W. E. Hahpbr. \l. i.iired by J. N. TltlBBLE. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revn^. Velocity. Mian of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. 1 '^place- ment in Revns. Velocity. 2 72 9584 727668 723976 57-8100 57 7946 54 7359 53 H277 Ti 7706 :,7 7826 "53 918i 0481 53 1104 6 1 88 45 45 44 30 27 27 292s 2075 2ni:i 9505 4637 3353 I1, 2 2 i 2 2 i:» I'.i-:; mill 52 76 0221 0385 '—•'4 42 27;44'.« H472 4114 Weighted mean —51 17 Va 4-11-04 V,, - 04 Curvature 28 Radial velocity. Hi I 1907. July 8. G. M. T. IS1' 37" Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. 14 2 2 14 I l| l| 72 ■ 9555 728062 72 3933 57-7930 57-8051 54 7202 53 9617 72 8126 57-8095 ' 53 : 9685 Displace- ment in Revns. •0061 0048 :0119 11 AQUILAE 924. Observed by J. S. Plaskktt. Measured by J. N. TRIBBLE. Velocity. 886 + 580 -13 72 Mean Corrected of Star Settings. Settings. r,:; nsso 45 2631 45 2533 44 2544 30-8929 27-4617 27 2836 452733 27 '4993 Displace- ment in Revns. 0246 llll-.'S Velocity. 2.". 7:. 4- 2 44 Weighted mean. . . +11 21 V„ + 8 40 V* Curvature 09 ■28 Radial velocity +192 232 DEPART.UEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 1907. July 8. G. M. T. " 18" 37' " .WUILAE 924- 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by .T. S. Plaskett. Measui-ed by W. E. Harper. ? Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity, 43 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. ? 72 72 72 5-1 53 53 45 9278 7749 3660 0897 9352 0594 2334 -i I 2"' \ 2 1 2 45 29 2 J 27 27 11 11 2272 6211 5985 4500 2558 9297 5495 45 2774 30-8930 (lis- 0226 - 30 05 2 72 8100 0087 -12 114 4-2011 - 27 5161 0196 -1709 U 53 9742 0176 -20-31 2 12-0382 0378 28 35 2 Weighted mean + 15 90 V„ + 840 V,, Curvature "Check measiuement : Accepted result '*2 .">. Radial velocity -23 9 i«9 ■28 19(17. July 9. (J. M. T. 17h05m H Ai^riLAE 931. 25=3 &}*■»■»»« £ Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 43 2 2 2 1 2 i 2 Mean of Settings Correcttil Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 2 73 73 72 72 57 57 54 54 4571 0042 8455 4370 8287 7855 7475 0332 53 45 45 44 27 27 29 29 29 1141 2822 2091 2666 2910 4191 6336 6000 8200 •> 8523 0125 -IS 14 I 2 2011 0376 39 24 o i 1 ■7762 0506 60 91 3759 0560 4821 J, -5653 7857 0346 0452 30 69 2 53 9400 9356 0342 39 56 -39 09 Weighted mean — 3780 V„ + 880 Vj + -04 Curvature — '28 Radial velocity — 29' REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 233 1907. July 13. G. M. T. 16h 53'" V AQUILAE 942. SSS38)'- *■*«-«* Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. * Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. u 1 1 72 9882 72-8082 72 4244 547572 53-9366 53-1282 "72-8298' •0350 — 50:79' 1.', 2" 1 1 45 3032 45 2277 44 2829 309164 27 4847 27-3376 45 1989 0398 42 57 n If 53 9214 0484 55-70 27 3943 0276 —23-96 Weighted mean. vo Yd Curvature . Radial velocity. ■ 6 52 + 04 -47 72 ■28 -414 1907. .Inly 13. G. M. T. 16'' 53" 0 AQUILAE 942* Observed by. j N iT E Measured by J §E Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace ment in Revns. Velocity. 14 i if Mean Of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace ment in Revns. Veloci ty. 14 l| 73 4241 72-9724 72-7909 72 4062 54 7351 53-9333 53- 1067 45 2826 45 2066 44 2613 27 4545 27 3206 l i 72 8293 0355 —51-51 45 1978 27-3805 0409 42-68 H 0414 —3593 l1 58-9393 0305 35 10 Weighted mean — 41 ' S5 V„ + 652 V,i + 04 Curvature — '2S Radial velocity. 35 -6 " Check measurement : Accepted result —38.5 234 DEPARTMENT OF THE 1MKR10R 1907. .Iu!vl6. r, \1. T. 17" 07' 0 AQUILAE 946. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by W. E. Harper. Measured by J. N. Tribrle. 4J £ Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. 1 1 1. place- merit in Revns. Velocity. Mean oj Settings C' irrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 2 734087 72 9526 72 7737 72 3863 54 7003 1 2 2 I 1 :,:; 8869 53 0710 r, 2437 15 LR64 44 2312 53-92F5 0413 47 53 I4 72 8305 0343 — 4i» 77 45-1964 0423' - 44 15 Weighted mean — 1771 V 1 88 Y,r 00 Curvature — 28 Radial velocity. -43 1 1907. .Iuly20. <;. M.. T 181' 19"' 0 AQUILAK 959. i Ibserved by J. S. PLASKETT. Measured by J. N. Thibble. Mean of Setting Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. i ' '51-43' - 2 11 2 2 A 2 1 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 2 11 2 72 9119 72 7329 72 3508 54 6814 53 9721 53 8684 53 0549 •7831 0354 452369 45 1626 11 2224 27 -'722 27 3751 39-6149 29-5662 ' :2094' 4247 0393 '4114 2 n 0718 62 64 2 9132 0434 50-07 u •5502 0487 -4320 Weighted mean . Vd .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Curvature . . . + 3 26 -47 80 12 - 28 Radial velocity -45 0 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 235 1907. July 27. G. M. T. 18' l.v $ AQUILAE969. Observed by J. S. Plaskktt. Measured by J. N. Tribblk. Moan of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revus. Velocity. 2 H 1 1 2 1 Mean of Settings. 531138 152891 45 2132 44 2780 27300] 27 4208 ( lorrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. H 73 4342 72 9853 72 8185 72 4147 54 7455 539410 n 14 1 72 7985 0202 29 54 45 1980 0507 53 07 ?, 53 9250 27 442G 2 0316 3(1 -57 0539 -46 98 Weighted mean - 39 54 Vu - -38 Vd - 16 Curvature - 28 Radial velocity - 40 4 1907. August 10. < ;. M. T. 15h 50m 6 AQUILAE 1001. Observed by .1. S. Plaskett. Measured by J. N. Tribblb. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. it . Normal ! §-g Velor-itv W.L. ! &2 velocitj. S £ a Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Norma W.L. & ■r- ~ 3 Velocity. 91 0330 ' 4861 : 849 ' 48 8913 41-5033 41-4103 15 9546 159417 916041 •527 ; 322 +19-86 4481847 •400 90-5151 ■447 29 90 52 0SS3 52-1325 40 71177 4549 934 4534 650 ■642 292 139 | -511 19-23 33 79 4341 097 634 •463 +3197 Mean + 2635 V„ Vd Curvature 6'99 09 ■50 Radial velocity. -187 236 DEPARTMENT (>F THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 0 AQTTILAE 1012 1907. August 13. G. M. T. lf.» 37™ Observed by i , -,- Measured byj rBIBBLK. +5 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. M»an of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. ?, 73 3276 72 8801 72 7022 72-3198 547199 54 0128 2 53 9312 53 0999 53 9328 0238 27"46 ?, JL 72 7858 0329 17 80 •2 45 3077 u U 45 2467 l£ 27-3844 i 275058 45 2227 27 4433 0260 0532 27 22 I1 1 -46 36 Weighted in V„ Curvatu -3fl - 8 67 14 10 28 39 "2 1907. Aug. 15. G. M. T. 13h45" » AQUILAE 1013. Observed by W. E. Hakpkr. Measured by .1. N. Tiurblk. *> Mean of Si t ings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. is Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. ? 73 4 2 2 l| 24 i 53 1509 t."i 3155 45 2329 27 3231 27 4570 29 6705 29 6300 29 8453 ,* 72 72 :.7 57 51 54 53 8749 4827 8689 8453 7839 0753 9743 .S3S5 0263 —38 17 . .. . 1910 0177 49 79 1 30 60 1 9, ■7964 0304 3805 0414 35 93 2 5584 -7737 0415 0572 36 81 2 9303 0395 15 it; -50-74 Weighted mean . , — 42-88 .. — 'J <".' V,, + 02 ... — -28 Radial velocity. .. ... -52.2 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 237 1907. Aug. 15. G. M. T. 13" 45" 6 AQUILAE 1013. fc Obsened by W. E. Haki'F.h. Measured by C. R. WB8TLAND. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 2 2 2 14 2 Mean of Settings. ( lorrecte I Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 2 72 9861 72 8133 72 4265 54 7309 53 9212 53 0973 45 2600 45-1777 27 4140 27-2640 2 9 72 835S 0290 —42 08 45 1912 27 3969 ■0475 0250 49 59 —2170 53 9340 0358 40 92 Weighted mean — 3950 V„ — 909 V, + 02 Curvature — '28 *Check measurement. 1907. Aug. 15. G. M. T. 13" 45" Radial velocity. -48 8 6 AQUILAE W13.* Observed by |w. E. Harpeb. Measured by I Is Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 2 57 8190 57-7872 54 7343 53-9288 "57-7882' ■0386' '— 46;47' 2 2 1 53 1012 45 2678 45 1805 1* 45 1863 0524 —54 70 3 53 9383 0316 36 37 Weighted mean —42 '40 V„ - 909 Vrf + -02 Curvature — '28 "2nd check measurement : accepted result — 51 0. 6 AQUILAE 1023. 1907. Au>. 23. G. M. T. 16h 10™ Radial velocity. -51-7 Observed by I T *, t, ,, , . ,. Measured by I J-Is-Tli,BBLB- i Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 14 2 2 4 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. W 73-5028 73-0477 72 9054 54 7393 54 0172 53 9494 45 2485 45 1963 53 9606 452214 0092 —10 58 t 72-8689 0041 + 595 - 0173 —18 05 Weighted mean Va Vd — 907 —1254 — -11 — 28 25a— 19 Radial velocity — 22 0 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1907. Aug. 27. G. M. T. 16h04n> 6 AQUILAE 1027. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 &s3g}* *■**»«■ i Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revolutions. Velocity. *3 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 2 73 5058 2 2 i 54-0181 45 2866 45 2893 53 9796 0230 25 54 ? 73 0592 1 •> 72 9186 54 0540 72 8260 j 0083 +1206 45 2863 0376 39 36 Weighted mean + 2557 Va —14 64 V> 41m $ AQUILAE 1033. Observed by Measured " byyRN- Tribble. 4a Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. H 73 5147 73 0689 728971 54 7499 54 0455 2 2 14 i 2 53 9767 45 2635 45 2185 27 3399 27 1967 53 9465 0101 11 65 it ... : : 1} 72 7915 0272 —39-51 45 2386 27 4699 0101 0266 10 57 -23 18 2 Weighted mean — 16 ' 42 Va —16-70 Vd — -14 Curvature. — 28 Radial velocity. -33 6 1907. Sept. 6. G. M. T. 14" 41" 6 AQUILAE 1033*. Observed by J. N. Tbibble. Measured by C. R. Westland. ■iS Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. £ Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity ?, 72 9980 72 8333 72 4309 54 6784 53-9075 53-0469 2 14 2 14 2 45-1913 27 2830 27 1395 11-6990 11 3692 9, 72 8458 0190 —27 57 27 3899 0320 2778 ? 118364 0150 —11 24 14 2 53 9403 0295 3372 Weighted mean — 25 ' 08 Va —1670 Vd - 14 Curvature — 28 Radial Velocity. -42- 2 * Check measurement ; Accepted result — 37 0. $ AQUILAE 1038 1907. Sept. 12. G. M. T. 15h 15™ Observed by"! T »T „, Measured by j J- *>• Tribble. -*-> * Me in of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. * * Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 1 2 540454 53 9962 45 2659 1 if 45 2527 273854 27 2070 45 2704 27 5003 0217 0038 22 71 + 5-31 539661 0095 + 1096 25a— 19J Weighted mean + 6.58 V, —20-23 V,* _ 14 Curvature — 28 Radial velocity — 14 1 240 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1907. Sept. 12. G. M. T. 15h15"> 8 AQUILAE 1038. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 M^U^b^J-N-TB.BBLK. 4» Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. H 73 5342 73-0814 72 9261 54-0557 54 0120 2 1 2 i 45 2734 45 2544 27 2135 27-3818 l| 45 2646 0159 + 16 • 64 1 72 8091 0096 —13 95 H 27 4898 0067 5 S4 53 9720 0154 1776 Weighted mean + 1 • 90 V„ -20-23 Vd - -14 Curvatare — 28 "Check measurement : Accepted result — 164. Radial velocity. -18 e AQUILAE 1043. 1907. Sept. 14. G. M. T. 16" 10" Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by J. X. Tribble. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. *3 is Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. n 54 0505 54 0762 ' 54 : 0412 2 n 45 2726 45-2981 14 0846 + 9806 453091 0604 -r63 23 Weighted mean +80 64 V -2091 Vd 21 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity. + 59 2 1907. Sept. 14. G. M. T. 16'' 10"' 6 AQUILAE 1043.* Observed by J. S. Pi.ASKKTT. Measured by J. N. Tribble. -t-S Mean of Settings. 54-0608 54 0745 Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. i Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 91 2 1 452820 1 54 0290 0724 + 83 52 1 45 2992 45 3O0S 0521 54 54 Weighted mean +7000 V„ -2091 Vd 21 Curvature - 28 Radial velocity. 18 i. t i . rlv measuremi n* REPORT OF TEE CEIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 241 1907. Sept. 14. G. M. T. 16" 10" 8 AQITILAE 1043. % Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by W. E. Harper. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. " 73 72 72 54 54 54 53 48 46 0962 9696 5349 7793 0680 0053 1417 7925 1133 72-8923 54 0332 40-1000 Displace- ment in Revns. 0275 0634 1128 Velocity. + 4000 72 97 118-55 Mean of Settings. H 45 2 45 1 29 2 29 k 27 2 27 * 11 2 11 -3255 •2847 ■6640 •5777 ■4749 2302 •8837 •4509 Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity . 45 3144 ' 29 : 6703 0757 ■0862 27 4911 11-9493 0692 :0979' 79 03 "76:46' ' 60:6fi -'-73:42' Weighted mean. Va Vrf Curvature . . . + 78-03 20-91 •21 — -28 Radial velocity + 56 6 J Second check measurement. Accepted result + 55 '9. 6 AIJUILAE 1050. 1907. Sept, 18. G. M. T- 14h 45'" SE5SS}*- »■**—■ Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace ment in Revns. Velocity. 2 li 2 i Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. ? 73 0318 72-8699 72-4635 510294 53 9742 45 2738 45 2139 27 2441 27 3813 1 2 72 8031 0156 -22 66 45 2237 27 4591 0250 0374 —26 17 ?, —32-59 1 53-9601 0035 +403 Weighted mean — 2606 V„ — 2214 V„- - 14 Curvature — '28 Radial velocity. 486 242 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1907. Sept. 30. G. ML T. 13h02"> 6 AQTJILAE 1072. 8-9 EDWARD VT1., A. 1909 Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by W. E. Habper. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings, Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. -W * Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 2 72-9873 72-8666 72 4250 54 0275 53 9952 45 2831 n i 2 U 2 45 2684 27 4692 27 2893 11 9493 11 5641 45-2689 275017 0202 0052 21 15 2 2 72 8424 0237 +34 34 453 9 110422 0418 ■ ;1 358 2 53 9830 0264 30 46 2 1907. Sept. 30. G. M. T. 13h25"> Weighted mean + 28 • S3 V„ -25 32 Vd - 04 Curvature - 28 Radial velocity + 3'2 6 AQTJILAE 1073. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by W. E. Habper. -4-> * Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. fl 72 9938 72-8648 . 72 4273 54 0241 53 9952 2 l 2 45 2805 45 2685 11-9490 11 5750 "45-2716 12 0322 1 72 8426 0240 +34-87 0240 0318 25 13 +23-85 ft 2 53 9864 0298 34 39 Weighted mean +3003 Va -25'32 Vd - 08 Curvature - '28 1907. Sept. 30. G. M. T. 14h 08"> Radial velocity. 6 AQUILAE 1074. + 4 3 Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by W. E. Harper. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. i Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. ? 72 9713 72-8370 724130 57 8042 57 8319 54 0157 53 9683 2 1 4 2 1 2 45 2615 45 2597 27 4604 27 2730 11-9371 11 5564 2 2 2 72 8278 0091 + 13 22 45 2818 27 5093 0331 0128 34 65 11-16 1 2 57 8256 53 9680 0209 0114 25 20 13 15 12 0378 0374 + 2805 24 Weighted mean + 19 • 10 V„ -2532 Vd — 12 Curvature — '28 Radial velocity 66 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 243 1907. Oct 1. G. M. T. 12" 03ra 6 AQUILAE 1080. Observed by \V. E. Haki-er. Measured by J. N. Tribble. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 43 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 9! 54 0475 54-0344 45 3007 i 2 1 45 3006 11 5949 12 0235 45 2736 0349 36 42 54-0157 0459 + 5282 11-9358 0844 + 6326 Weigh ted mean H 53 " 56 V„ Curvature —25-51 00 •28 Radial velocity + 27 8 1907. October 1. G. M. T. 12h 32"' d AQUILAE 1081. Observed by W. E. Harper. Measured by J. N. Tribble. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. -+3 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 14 9, 72 9728 54 0051 54 0046 45 2637 452717 2 4 14 2 27 2640 27 4461 115483 11-9684 27 5040 0075 6 53 2 54-0146 0580 + 6691 ? 12 0781 0777 58 55 1 45 2917 0130 45 01 Weighted mean + 59 • 18 "v.; vd Curvature -25 51 04 •28 1907. October 1. G. M. T. 13h 09"' Radial velocity + 33 3 0 AQUILAE 1082. Observed by W. E. Harper. Measured by J. N. Tribble. -*5 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. ■4-S Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. •a 73 72 72 54 54 45 45 0048 4420 S770 0435 0466 2984 2929 2 4 2 i 2 I 27 3045 27 5159 15-4790 15-5842 11-5926 12 0295 14 i 27 5333 0368 32 07 72 8352 0165 + 2397 0, 15 6342 0307 23 89 ?, 54 0186 0620 7152 9, 11-9441 0945 + 7115 1 45 2781 0294 3078 Weighted mean , Vo . . . . + 5295 -2554 V 72 72 59 59 57 57 8630 4168 7975 6978 8638 8102 72 8922 0274 + 39-76 54-0210 0512 58 93 1 i 1 59 7095 57 8736 0350 0468 43 05 56 35 45 2864 11 9400 0477 0886 49 80 + 66 45 Weighted mean -t 56 20 Vd"""":.'.'".'.*.'"."'.".'." Curvature 2554 04 - -50 X Second check measurement; accepted result +30 5. Radial velocity + 30 1 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 245 1907. Oct. 1. G. M. T. 11M3" 6 AQUILAE 1085. v,';:;:;^!;;>-k. h.u,,e, Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace ment in Revns. Velocity. i 2 2 H 2 24 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 9 72 9545 72 8310 72 3912 57-8245 57 7764 53 9827 53 9809 53 1007 53 53 45 45 27 27 11 11 2139 0630 2322 2464 4664 2446 9660 5280 53 2514 45 2978 27 5434 0376 0191 0469 42-98 H 9, 72-8100 0213 + 3078 i 9. 57 8460 0413 49 77 51 30 40 63 1 53 0171 53-1382 0605 0381 69 81 43 55 H 1 12-0960 0956 +7125 Weighted mean +50 77 V„ -2554 Vd - -17 Curvature - 28 Radial velocity +24'8 1907. Oct 1. G. M. T. 151' 24 B AQUILAE 1086. Observed by I j ^- Measured by I " Tribble. +3 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. ?, 72 9723 72 8482 540143 54-0087 45 2742 V, 2 4 2" 2 45 3057 27 2818 27 5220 115682 11-9990 45 3151 -0664 69-51 728395 54-0097 0208 0531 + 3022 . 61 26 l| 9, 27 5620 120888 -0G55 0884 57 OS + 6661 Weighted mean +62' 17 Vo -2554 V(i - 21 Curvature - '50 Radial velocity 35 9 246 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1907. Oct. 2 G. M. T. 12h41» 0 AQUILAE 1089. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 M^b?}J"N-T»™- Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. ? 72 9608 72 8377 54 0010 53 9840 45 2537 n i l 45 2951 27 4772 27 2.J75 11-9407 11-5433 45-2961 27 5416 0464 0451 48-57 1 9 72 S405 0218 + 3167 39 31 2 53 9983 0417 48 10 12-0554 0550 + 4145 Weighted mean . . Va + 4441 -25 73 Vd Radial velocity. . . . .. + 181 - 04 - -50 1907. Oct. 2. G. M. T. 13h 40" 6 AQUILAE 1091. sssssg}'-*-™-"- Mean Corrected of Star Settings, i Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 43 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 1J 2 2 54-0710 + 67 32 1 2 2 45 3326 12-0140 11 6091 45 2808 11-9121 0421 0607 43 94 54 0705 1 54-0283 45 '3254 | 05S5 + 45-50 Weighted mean +5391 X Vd Curvature -2573 11 •28 Radial velocity + 27 8 1907. Oct. 2 S. M. T. 14'' OP"' 8 AQUILAE 1092. 85sSg}j.H.T"-ML -*3 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 9 72 9697 7-2 8425 540015 53 9898 45 2573 1 H 1 2 45 2606 27 2645 27 4768 11 9760 11-5531 45 2871 27 5342 12-0890 0384 0377 0886 40 20 i 9 72-&S65 0178 + 2586 7.1 15 32 86 2 2 54-0038 U472 +6676 Weighted mean ...... +49'04 r: V,, . . Curvature —25 73 16 •28 Radial velocity +229 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 247 1907. Oct. 2. G. M. T. 14" 36™ 0 AQUILAE 1093. Observed by fJNTE_ Measured by I Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. £ Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 9, 72 9961 72 8785 54 0407 54 0354 45-2894 2 45 3075 27 2982 27 4859 11 9606 11 5835 45 2915 0528 55 10 * 72 8920 0272 +3947 274543 11 8843 0324 0329 2812 3 54 0234 0536 6168 + 2466 Weighted mean +52 30 Va -2573 Vd - 19 Curvature — '28 Radial velocity + 26 ' 1 1907. Oct. 2. G. M. T. 14h 59m 0 AQUILAE 1094. MSbj}"'1™- Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revn3. Velocity. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. ft 53 8927 53 8621 2 i 45 1453 45 1570 1 53 9712 0280 +32 38 45 3053 0464 +48-72 Weighted mean + 37 • 82 Va -25 74 Vd - 21 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity . +11- 6 1907. Oct. 18. G. M. T. 12h 15- 0 AQUILAE 1100. Observed byl Measured byj W. E. Harper. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. .2 £ Q Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W.L. .la Velocity. 61 3792 613520 4482 246 .400 ■846 +5659 Velocity +56-59 V„ . -2800 Vrf - 18 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity +281 248 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1907. Oct. 18. G. M. T. 13M6"1 6 AQUILAK 1101. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by )w E Hakper. Measured by J Mian of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. 1 lisplace- ment. Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. Displace- ment. Velocity. 719841 718433 1550 581 ■766 •815 + 5371 61-3936 58S306 36- 1916 36 2390 4482 390 100 990 6623 63 3795 61 3974 4341-404 634 77" +5313 Weighted mean + 61 ' 46 \'a -2800 Vd - 'IS Curvature — 28 Radial Velocity. 330 8 AQUILAK 1106. L907. Oct. 25. G. M. T. 12" 52" Observed by ,T. S. Plaskett. Measured by W. E. Harper. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. .3 6 a Velocity. Mean of Settings. Measured Wave Length. Normal W. L. .3 S a Velocity. Ill 1159 613286 61 1051 60-3136 36 1414 36 0162 35 3590 1107353 109 —, 163 4861-323 •527 204 —12-59 4481 089 •400 311 20 81 71 7697 716947 71- 1525 4549 192 •642 " 450 2965 4340 548 634 086 —5 94 Weighted mean — 15 59 V„ — 2834 Va - 16 Curvature — "28 Radial velocity . 44 4 REPORT OF THE VUIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 249 1907. Nov. 4. G. M. T. 101' 28" 6 AQUILAE 1128. Observed by J. S. Pi.askkit. Measured by W. E. Harper. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 4» (5 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. h 1 57 9161 57-8551 54 7672 54 0426 53-1401 45 2990 57-8810 0542 + 65-26 24 45-2960 27 4995 27 2753 11-9303 11-5229 45 2707 27 4708 (1320 0489 35 41 42 44 2 2 14 , 2 14 2 54-0150 0452 5166 11-9146 0632 47 .">'.> 7! Weighted mean ... . +44 36 V„ -2810 Yd. 00 Curvature — '28 1907. Nov. 4. G. M. T. 10" 51" Radial velocity +16 0 6 AQUILAE 11.9. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by W. E. Harper. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 43 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 9 73 0432 72 9345 72 4820 54 7132 54 0495 53 1355 2 2 14 2 H 2 45 2935 45 3185 27-5148 27-2,'60 11-9599 11 5250 14 2 72 9,02 0354 + 5136 4V2987 27 4855 ■( 60 ' 0636 62 6 ■ 5 20 9 14 2 f 4 0265 0567 64 81 11 9419 0905 +68 15 Weighted mean +60-57 V„ Vrf Curvature -28-10 01 - '28 1907. Nov. 16. G. M. T. 12h00"< Radial velocity +32 1 AQUILAE 1146. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by C. R. Westlanti. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Setting?. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. $ 2 2 14 l 2 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocit}'. u 72 9782 72-8285 72 4148 54 7330 53 1)521 53-1068 45 2699 45 2301 27-4294 27 2705 72 8597 0051 - 7 40 14 2 45 2338 J7 4055 0050 0164 5 22 -1423 H 53 9546 0152 17 49 Weighted mean .... Vu -11-55 .. . -2609 Vd - 16 Curvature ■28 - 381 250 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1907. Nov. 18. ii. M. T. 10" 45" 6 AQUILAE 1149. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Observed by J. S. Plaskktt. Measured by \V. E. Harper. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 43 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. ?, 72 9731 72 8456 724152 54 7233 24 2 2 1* 53 9463 53-0907 45 2630 45 2r29 53 9661 •0037 - 426 i 72 8?06 0158 + 2292 ? 45 2635 0248 4-25-89 Weighted mean . Va'.'.'.'..'.'.'.'. Curvature . . 1907. Nov. 18. G. M. T. 12h 37m Radial velocity . 6 AQUILAE 1150. - 426 -26 34 - 20 - 28 -31 1 Observed by J. S. Plaskktt. Measured by W. E. Harper. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Disp'ace- ment in kevns. Velocity. ■f 72 9724 72 8351 72 4071 54 7197 53 9560 53-0919 2 14 2" 2 2 45 2649 45 2280 27 4435 27 2633 11 8985 11-5420 2 72 8726 ■0078 + 11-31 45 2367 27 4268 0020 0049 - 209 + 425 0 53 9772 0074 + 852 3 14 11-8635 0124 - 9- 07 Weighted mean + 7 ' 25 Va -26 34 Vd - 22 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity. -196 1907. Nov. 19. G. M. T. 10h41"> B AQUILAE 1154. Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by W. E. Harper. Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. i Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 2 72 9641 72 8238 72 3987 54-7009 53 9512 14 2 2 2* 53-0724 45 2360 45 2065 27 3975 27 2311 2 72 8696 0048 + 696 ? 45 2400 27 4130 0013 •0089 + 1-36 ?, - 772 14 53 9930 0232 + 2670 Weighted mean + 8 89 V, -2646 V„ - 11 Curvature - '28 Radial velocity. -18 0 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 251 1907. Nov. 19. G. M. T. 11>> 00'" B AQUILAE 1155. Observed by J. S. Pj.askett. Measured by W. E. Harpek. Mean Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. +3 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. i 73 0047 72-8657 72-4465 54-7551 24 2 2 14 53 9832 53 1303 45 2904 45 2421 53 9671 0027 — 3 11 14 4 f, 72 8691 0043 + 6 24 45 2253 0134 —13 99 Weighted mean — 3 53 V„ —2646 Vd - 14 Curvature — 28 Radial velocity — 30 ' 4 1907. Nov. 23. G. M. T. 12h 42™ 0 AQUILAE 1157 Observed by J. S. Plaskett. Measured by C. R. Westland. 43 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. ■4J 14 2 2 1 Mean of Settings. Corrected Star Settings. Displace- ment in Revns. Velocity. 9, 73 0462 72 9000 72 4785 547020 53 9209 53 0706 45 2005 45-1587 53 9616 •0082 942 n 72 8643 •0005 — 0 73 ?, 2 45 2315 0072 — 7-52 Weighted mean —569 V„ —26 94 Vd.... — 26 Curvature — -28 Radial velocity —33 2 252 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 SUMMARY OF MEASURES OF 0 AQUILAE. u J g 5 Date. G.M.T. Julian Day. Velocity. 9 -X -. - Date. G.M.T. Julian Day. Velocity. rt ~ £ 1907. fc 1907. h. m. h. m. 803 May HI 19 04 2,417,727 ?9 0 79 -24 1073 Sept. 30 13 25 2,417.849-56 2 37 t 819 June 10 19 40 737 81 10 SI -39 1074 „ 30 14 OS Sl'.rSS 2 39 - 7 Ml 12 20 05 739 S4 12 SI -38 lOSOOct. 1 12 03 S50 50 3 31 + 28 854 n 11 19 36 741 82 14 82 -42 1081 " 1 12 32 850-52 3 :;:; + 33 865 „ 20 18 40 747 78 3 61 + 45* 10S2 ., 1 13 09 850 54 3 35 -r30* s::; „ 21 19 20 7 IS 80 8 03 -32* His;. ., 1 14 43 850 01 3 42 + 25 905 July 2 18 12 759 76 15 59 -40 1080 „ 1 15 24 850-04 3 I.". + 36 024 8 18 37 76577 4 43 +22* 1089 „ 2 12 41 851 :>:i 4 34 + 18 931 9 17 05 766-71 5 37 -29 1091 ,. 2 13 40 851 57 4 38 + 28 942 ., 13 16 53 770170 9 30 -38* 1092 ,, 2 14 08 85158 4 39 + 23 946 " 16 17 07 773 71 12 37 -43 1093 „ 2 14 36 s:,l 01 4 42 + 26 959 ,. 20 18 19 777-70 16 12 -45 1094 •' 2 14 59 85162 4 43 + 12 969 ii 27 18 15 784 76 6 2.". -40 1100 „ IS 12 15 867 51 3 1.-, + 28 1001 Aug. 10 15 50 798 66 2 98 + 19 1101 .. 18 13 46 807 57 3 21 + 33 1012 „ 13 10 37 80169 0 ul -39 1106 „ 25 12 52 874 53 10 17 -44 1013 „ 15 13 45 803 57 7 89 -51* 1128 Nov. 4 10 28 SSI -44 2 91 + 16 1023 „ 23 16 10 811 67 15 99 -22 1129 „ 4 10 51 884.45 2 92 + 32 1027 ,, 27 16 04 815 67 2 82 + 11* 1140 .. 16 12 00 896-50 14 07 -38 1028 „ 27 15 07 815 63 2 78 + 10 1149 „ 18 10 45 S'.IS i:. 16 92 -31 1033 Sept. 6 14 41 825 61 12 76 -37* 1150 „ IS 12 37 SON 53 17 00 -20 1038 ,, 12 15 lb 831-63 1 61 -16* 1154 ,. 19 10 41 S99 45 0 75 -18 1043 „ 14 16 10 833-67 3 65 + 50* 1155 „ 19 11 00 89946 0 76 -30 1050 „ 18 14 45 837 61 7 59 -49 1157 „ 23 12 42 2,417,90353 483 -33 1072 „ 30 13 02 849 54 235 + 3 Mean "of two or three measurements. 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a A. 1909 APPENDIX C. MEASUREMENT OF VISUALLY DOUBLE STAES. R. M. Motherwell. The 15-inch refractor with a filar micrometer (see report of 1905) is used in this work. The micrometer is fitted with one transverse movable wire, one transverse fixed wire and one longitudinal fixed wire. The distance between the fixed and movable transverse wires is adjusted and recorded by a micrometer screw having a head graduated to hundredths of a revolution and readily estimated to thousandths. The value of a revolution of the micrometer screw is determined as follows : — The telescope is set on a star of known declination near the meridian. The micrometer is adjusted so that the star follows the longitudinal wire and the movable wire is separated M revolutions from the central fixed wire. The times of the successive transits of the star over the two wires are observed. Let / be the interval between these transits, i the true angular interval between the threads and 8 the declination of the star. Then sin i = sin I cos 8 or if the star's declination is less than + 80° i = I cos 8 Let B = value of one revolution of the micrometer screw and we have 15i_15 I cos 8 ~~M~ M~ Following this method the value of the micrometer screw here used was found to be 18".375. The zero point of the circle is always determined at the beginning of each night's work. The position angle is obtained by separating the wires a few seconds and turning them until the two stars appear to be midway between them. If the stars are very far apart, however, the angle is more accurately obtained by bisecting each star by the fixed wire. The eyes must be kept in a constant position relative to the fixed wire. I find the best position to be that in which the line joining the eyes is per- pendicular to the fixed wire. Having taken four readings of the position angle, the wires aro rotated through 180° and four readings of the angle taken here. The average of these readings plus 90° gives the direction of the wires for measuring the distance. The stars are bisected by the two wires and the micrometer reading taken. Then the movable wire is changed to the other side of the fixed wire, the stars bisected as before and the reading taken. The difference between the two readings gives the double distance which does away with the necessity of investigating tho error of runs. The measurements on a star any one night include eight measure- ments for position and at least four for distance. If the seeing is unsteady the number of measurements is increased. A full record of all stars measured is kept on a special form of index card, arranged according to the right ascension of the star. Burnham's General Catalogue of Double Stars furnishes in condensed form all the information required to enable this work to be carried on without unnecessary duplicating of measurements. 25a— 20 253 254 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 The following measurements have been made: — Date. 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 19d7 1907 190S 1908 1908 190S 19U7 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 Ml 92 92 790 814 ML' 92 92 812 Hi; 217 217 217 543 543 491 510 491 491 530 576 600 71. 584 587 543 576 697 697 697 71. 71. Star No.* 70 319 71n 758 1(102 1427 1750 2040 2043 5014 7117 72Ki 7318 7915 8003 SIIS2 8303 9167 9604 9693 10072 10305 10385 106S5 10709 10773 10910 11068 11376 12043 12345 12753 R. A. 1880. Deel. 1880. h. m. s. 0 7 11 0 29 16 1 13 54 1 20 29 1 48 17 2 40 41 3 25 37 4 0 54 4 1 7 9 11 23 14 59 10 15 12 57 15 29 5 17 9 12 17 19 33 17 30 52 17 56 33 19 11 7 19 41 3 19 47 19 20 12 31 20 26 50 20 33 14 20 56 58 20 58 13 21 3 33 21 14 51 21 29 40 21 51 11 22 48 45 23 18 14 23 59 49 26 19 11 11 13 8 44 47 28 13 18 52 11 8 14 50 17 1 37 19 -6 33 10 52 10 56 28 57 37 15 21 4 -8 11 27 15 5 52 25 33 26 0 25 24 14 35 1 4 3 3 29 43 2 37 20 52 51 58 19 42 5 23 6 12 Position Angle. 221 3 11 0 190 2 100 1 136 2 162-8 315 7 248 3 222 G 323 7 2317 305 8 170 4 184-fi 18 5 314 5 23 77 260 2 156- 15 7 5 136 9 215 0 819 1127 161 '7 160 2 307 0 106 o 320 0 27 0 350 873 161-8 Distance. Magnitude. 17 i;i 30 2 4 5 3 17 3 4 3 1 11 3 5 4 10 2 0 2 3 0 1 3 1 3 3 I 1 1 6 2 3 75 07 20 15 85 88 ('7 04 95 03 (in 88 40 90 50 00 22 09 78 96 98 73 29 38 37 35 5 59 7 85 52 37 12 A.B. & C. 8 5-10-5 85 10- A. &B. C. & D. A. B. & C. 7-3-8-2 7 5-10 6-8 5 6 1-92 4-6-5 S--9- 65-7 3-4- 8-9 5 -51 0-9 5 -5 5 65-7 8 5-10 76-76 7-9 8 2 6-2-8- -10 5 3 7- 7-8 9 6--8- 6-9 5 1-9 0 8-8 0 8-5-9-2 7-8-7 9- 95 PREDICTION AND OBSERVATION OF OCCULTATIONS. The method which I have followed in predicting occultations is a graphic one by Wm. F. Rigge, and I find it very satisfactory. It eliminates entirely all the laborious computing of the analytical method, and in central occultations the predicted and observed times seldom differ more than 30 or 40 seconds. In this method the path of the place of observation and that of the cylindrical shadow cast by the moon in the light of the star are projected orthographically on a plane perpendicular to the light of the star. The diagram for a given place of observation contains the path of that place as seen from stars at certain intervals of declination from + 30° to - 30°. The path is an ellipse with the following con- stants, where <£ is the latitude of the place, 8 the declination of the star and T its hour angle. The semi-major axis is the same for all stars, a = cos ; the semi-minor axis is b = cos <£ sin 8; the co-ordinate of the centre of each is d = sin cos 8. The co-ordinates of the points of any one are | = a sin T and -q = d - b cos T. The direction and magnitude of the hourly motion of the shadow of the moon are obtained from the Ephemeris and plotted on the x and y axes of the diagram with a paper edge. A parallel ruler is then placed against the paper edge and moved until it intersects the j/-axis at the proper point, as given by the Ephemeris. The local hour angle of conjunction, H-\, gives the time at which the path of the shadow intersects the 2/-axis, so we have the position of the place of observation and that of the shadow at known periods. A transparent disc represents the shadow * These numbers refer to Burnhara's General Catalogue of Double Stars. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 255 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a and is moved so that its centre follows the path given. When the time indicated on the path by the centre of the disc is the same as the time indicated on the path of the place of observation by the edge of the disc, we have the beginning or ending of an occultation. This time added to the Washington mean time of conjunction minus the Washington hour angle at the same moment gives the time of immersion or emersion and the position angle is read directly from the disc which is graduated clockwise to 10 degrees. A diagram has been prepared for this observatory and mounted on a drawing board for convenience in working. Not more than 10 minutes at the very outside is required to predict the times of immersion and emersion and also the position angles. The 15-inch refractor fitted with a filar micrometer is generally used in making the observations, but if more convenient the 4J-inch refractor is used. The time is taken from a sidereal dial which has recently been placed in the dome, this dial being compared with the sidereal clock of known rate in the time-room. Since September 1, 1907, fifty-seven oceultations have been predicted, but, owing to cloudy weather, only twelve have been observed. The following are the stars and dates of observation: — Date. 1907. September 14 October 15 „ 21 ,. 23 .. 23 „ 23 1908. January 8 „ 14 „ 14 „ 29 February 11 March 19 Star. t Ophiuchi . . . >) Capricorni. 85Ceti 5'Tauri o'Tauri 5 Geminorum 30 Piscium. . . Mayer 198... 107 Tauri . . . B. A. O. 6088 f Tauri... . . n Virginis. . . . Sidereal Time. 47 6 3 Immersion. h. m. s. 19 56 27 5 Sun not down. 7 56 02 7 24 108 8 31 57 9 1 24 270 1 24 300 4 30 34 9 7 11 32 9 14 17 508 2 50 11 5 16 36 300 Emersion. h. m. s. 20 35 220 19 43 18'7 Sunrise. 8 3 17 2 Sunrise. 2 16 2.3 0 Clouds. 5 45 12 7 37 185 15 19 47 0 4 9 40 0 17 45 40 25a— 20J 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a A. 1909 APPENDIX D. A DETERMINATION OF THE PROMINENT LINES FROM A. 3900 TO A 4900. IN THE SPARK- SPECTRUM OF IRON- VANADIUM ALLOT. Ralph E. DeLury. The spectrum of the spark between electrodes of an Iron-Vanadium alloy is employed in this Observatory as a comparison in the study of radial velocities. The tables of wave-lengths used are: — H. Kayser : — ' Standard Lines in the Arc-Spectrum of Iron,' Astrophysical Journal, XLII, 329-335, 1901. The portion of this table employed is from A. 3900 to the end, A 4494. H. A. Rowland: — 'A Preliminary Table of Solar Spectrum Wave-Lengths,' the University of Chicago Press, 1896. Some of the iron lines from A 4494 to A 4900 are used. H. A. Rowland and C. N. Harrison: — ' The Arc-Spectrum of Vanadium,' Astrophysical Journal, VII, 273-294, 1898. The prominent lines in the range, \ 3900 to A 4900 are used. In the latter table some of the wave-lengths given do not yield results concordant with those obtained by using the Standard Iron lines determined by Kayser. In some cases this is due to the over-lapping of Iron and Vanadium lines; or possibly some of the lines in the spark-spectrum of the alloy may differ from the corresponding lines in the arc-spectrum of pure Vanadium. In order to detect any such appreciable errors, to measure such differences and to examine the nature of the over-lappings, the following measurements of the spark-spectrum of Iron- Vanadium alloy were under- taken. The concave grating spectroscope described on page 49 of the report for the year ending June 30, 1906, was used in obtaining the spectrum. In order to secure suitable definition certain adjustments were necessary. The angle between the rails was determined by measuring the lengths from their points of intersection, of the wires stretched taut by weights along the tops of the rails and another wire (the hypothen- use) intersecting these near the ends of the rails. It was found that the hypothenuse had to be shortened 6-5 mm. to make the angle between the rails a right angle. This was done by tilting the iron-support of the rail on which the camera rested, and by the adjusting-screws. Then the position for the slit was determined by using a plumb-bob suspended from the ceiling above the point where the two wires running along the rails intersected. The jaws of the slit were improved by grinding them on plate-glass with moistened fine emery dust. The slit was placed as nearly vertical as possible, and by testing visually, the lines of the grating were made parallel to it by means of the adjusting-screw on the side of the grating-mounting. The grating was tilted, by means of the adjusting-screw at the back of the mounting until its centre of curvature coincided with the centre of the eye-piece, by using a collimating (Gauss) eye-piece. It was found that the centre of curvature shifted slightly vertically when the camera was slid along the rail and consequently the adjusting- screw at the back of the grating was provided with a pointer so that it could be set for any point along the rail to insure having the image of the spectrum placed to the best advantage. In this position the lines of the grating and the slit were 258 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 perpendicular to the plane determined by the centre of the slit, the centre of the grating and the centre of curvature of the grating. Numerous tests were made to secure these conditions and to get the best focus. A focussing-scale was placed on the plate of the camera support. The wave-lengths were marked off along the rail. The spark between electrodes of the alloy was obtained by using a potential of 5,000 to 7,000 volts from a transformer. It was placed about 6 inches from the slit and the light from it was focussed on the slit by a small lens, care being taken to have the spark, the centre of the slit and the centre of the grating as nearly as possible in a straight line in order to secure the best illumination. The spark passed at right angles to the slit. Slit-widths of 0-001 and 0-002 inches were used. The photographs, 9 to 12 inches long, were taken in the second order, Hford Monarch films being employed. The scale here is about 2-77 tenth-metres to 1 mm. Exposures of 20 to 40 minutes brought ou-t sharply the prominent lines. Several photographs were taken at different foci for the various parts of the spectrum, and the sharpest of these (focus 7-0) selected for measurement. It was noticed here that some of the photographs of the image when out of focus gave sharp doubled lines probably due to the shifting of the centre of intensity of the spark due to the alternations, since a corresponding doubling did not occur in carbon arc photographs taken at different readings on the focussing scale. It was found that these doubled lines could be measured by placing the single hair of the microscope between them with more accuracy and with less strain on the eyes than is the case in the ordinary methods, namely, by using a single hair to set on the centre of intensity of the spectrum line or by using the double hairs to set symmetrically about the spectrum line. It may be of advantage in certain cases to use a doubled spectrum for the determination of the lines. In the present case, however, the other two methods of measurement mentioned above, were employed on account of the fact that many close doubles and overlapped lines had to be measured and this would be impossible in the case of the doubled spectrum. In these measurements a Zeiss comparator having a range of 100 mm. was used. This range is rather short for the measurement of such long films, and the new 12-inch measuring machine will be useful for this purpose when it arrives. Headings of the micrometer could be made to 0001 mm. and estimations to 00001 mm. Four or more readings were taken for each line and the average calculated. The wave-lengths were calculated from the averages of the micrometer readings by interpolation and extrapolation using two prominent lines to determine the scale. These two lines were iron lines in every case and are given in black type in the tables. The calculated wave-lengths were compared with Standard Iron lines, and a curve of errors plotted for each set of measurements. From this curve the corrections given in the tables were found. Applying these corrections to the calculated wave-lengths, the corrected wave-lengths given in the tables were determined. A summary is given in the final table. The means of the corrected wave-lengths are given along with the corresponding lines from the tables of Rowland and Harrison, Rowland and Kayser mentioned above. In determining the means, those wave-lengths marked with an asterisk were omitted. In this table are also given the roughly estimated intensities of the lines and remarks as to their nature and the widths of the lines in millimetres. These widths were determined by comparison with two parallel lines 0-1 mm. apart. These measurements of intensity and width were made from photographs obtained by the use of a slit -001 inch in width. No lines of intensity less than 1 on the arbitrarily selected scale were measured; this meant that about 500 of the lines ap- pearing on the film were omitted. Figure 15 shows photographs of the range of spectrum measured. PLASKETT — ASTR0PHY8ICS. 25a— p. 258. Fl«. 15.— Spark Spectrum of Iron-Vanadium Alloy. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 259 Correc- tion. Corrected Wave-Length. Correc- tion. Corrected Wave-Length. Correc- tion. Corrected Wave-Length. Correc- tion. Corrected Wave-Length. ■ 002 sbo* sni 2 3898 100 3899 283 3899 853 3902 408 3903 097 3903 412 3906 588 3910 028 3914 469 3916 574 3920 407 3923 059 3928-072 3930 433 3933 815 2 * 2 0 •000 o 1 3 < 6 Film 412 ttL\ Fneii.;7 0 10 9 000 9»4n-4.na - 013 27 32 36 45 15 46 46 46 45 44 44 3923 054 3628 077 3930 459 3934 151 3918 920 3950 101 3952 095 16 17 3952 110 22 3956 642 3956-848 3966 754 3967 575 3968 230 2' 3956 824 21 3968 244 3968 631 39ii9 409 3973 799 3977 893 21 21 44 43 42 40 37 36 34 34 34 3969 414 3973 781 3977 899 3984 123 3990 720 3992 954 3997 274 3997 564 3998 608* 20 14 16 3990 726 14 3997 275 3997 553 3998 881 14 14 Film 265 + 007 7 a), Focus 7 0 4003 159 4005 451 12 4005 399 31 29 26 22 21 15 10 7 7 4 2 2 -001 4005 436 4009 885 4014 697 4022 044 4023 548 4035 788 4045 984 4051 130 4051499 4057 241 4061069 4062626 4063 752 6 4023 536 4035 "782 4045 978 4 2 000 .4023 581 4035 818 4045 978 002 + 002 7 4063 756 -004 4 2 0 4063 759 4065 229 4071894 4090 731 18 4071909 4090 724 + 002 4071908 4 6 5 5 4 3 + 002 0 - 002 3 5 5 6 6 5 -003 4091287 4092 853 4095-645 4099 939 4102 312 4105 319 4107 641 4109 921 4111938 4115 310 4116644 4118 710 4123 645 4128-821 4132 163 4 4092 831 4095.638 4099 943 1 1 2 3 3 4 4092-836 4095 626 4099 932 4102 300 4105 311 4107-646 3 + 001 - 001 4105 310 3 4109 919 4111934 4115 323 4116 646 4118 711 4123 651 4128 211 4132 180 5 4109-915 4 5 7 8 9 8 7 -•005 4111 939 4115 334 4116 648 4118 709 5 5 5 5 4123 657 4128 211 4132 180 5 - 004 260 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Correc- tion. Corrected Wave- Length. Correc- tion. Corrected Wave-Length. Correc- tion. Corrected Wave-Length. Correc- tion. Corrected Wave-Length. - 003 3 3 0 000 Film 412 000 4134 613 I 4134 626 4134 860 J 4143 566 4144 033 a), Focus 7 0 4144 033 - 063 •4134 104 -003 4134 655 0 4143 599 4114 033 , Focus 7'0 4143 581 4141 033 4147841 4154 117 4154 662 4156 974 4175797 4179 582 4181 926 ^-•001 + 002 4143595 4144 033 000 Film 40 000 000 005 15 16 + 005 5 3 4154 662 4156 954 4175 801 - uoi 4 13 4154 662 4156 949 4175 802 19 41 45 47 6 13 21 25 26 28 25 24 22 4181 917 4183 591 4 ISo 063 4187 221 41S7 '.17:. 4191 611 419S 472 4199 266 4202 193 5 -002 41S1 ills 4183 600 50 4 185 057 4187.210 4187967 4190(108 41 !U 625 4198 461 4199 255 4202 184 51 ^001 1 2 41S7219 4187976 *4191 534 52 53 -,4 57 57 0 000 Film 265 -•002 - 001 000 + 003 4199 256 4202 195 (a), Focus 6 5 4198463 4199 252 4202 195 4205245 57 Film 265 (a). Focus 7 5 003 000 4191T258 4 202 195 4210 512 4216 340 4219 528 ♦4222 477 4224 306 4226 866 4224 306 4226 866 4227 589 4232 620 4233- 101 4233763 4234 162 423li 0S4 4238 1(75 4-J47 587 4250 309 4250-954 4260 673 4268 801 4271 325 15 4210 525 58 57 56 55 in 8 4210-525 4222 381 16 4219 528 4222 372 54 53 54 53 6 5 5 4 4227 597 4232 621 4233 778 4236 119 19 4227 606 -066 52 49 422: 49 22 23 4233 785 4236 121 48 48 47 45 78 4236 105 39 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 •> 1 1 1 »4250 020 4260 947 4260 657 426S805 4271 334 4271 ' 721 | 4271 930 - 4271 975 1 4277 119 4282 .Mi7 4284218 4291-990 4294 .301 4296-281 27 4247 535 37 87 31 28 27 87 87 88 86 86 4250 294 28 30 31 32 425U 956 426U 649 426S 822 4271 343 4250 970 4260 668 4268-819 4271 -333 27 4271 908 33 4271 927 H6 4271911 25 4277 125 1282 ."CI 4284 226 4291 987 4294 322 4296264 4297841 4298 202 4299 41S 4306 388 4307-349 1308 086 •' 34 37 38 43 44 1177 109 42S2 .V.i 42s i 203 4291 968 4294 299 23 22 83 4282 57i ; 19 19 18 75 4294 288 17 17 17 14 + 000 I2<| 46 4299 409 69 4299 419 1 i -013 POO Film 412 000 1308 081 a-. F<>. us 7 0 4308 081 + ■048 MSI - 061 430S 068 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 261 Correc- tion. Corrected Wave- Length. Correc- tion. Corrected Wave- Length. Correc- tion. Corrected Wave-Length. Correc- tion. Corrected Wave Length. 013 4309 906 4315 258 4325 901 4330 168 4332-995' 4337 219 4341 182 4353 023 I, Focus 7 0 4337 219 43 U- 181 4353 033 4376 095 4378 861 10 5 3 -002 6 7 7 8 8 8 4315 265 4325 934 4330 194 4332 998 4337 499* 4341 171 4353 008 + 050 51 51 51 51 50 47 4315 265 4325 931 4330 194 4332 995 4337 236 4341 173 43 '3 034 - 055 48 4315 243 4325 948 -002 000 44 4332 990 + 001 + ■004 Film 40 40 35 4341 174 4353 028 •001 000 1 3 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4379 426 4383 728 4384 895 4390 155 4395 666* 4400 725 4404 946 4406 805 33 29 28 22 16 10 6 5 4379 387 4383 '702 43S4 874 4390 136 4395 392 4400 752 4404 938 4406 834 22 19 18 14 9 — 004 000 Film 265 000 — 000 1 3 4 4 5 5 4379412 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 43S3-720 4384 905 439D177 4395 428 4400 735 440 »• 937 4406 813 4383 725 4384 882 4390- 152 4395 404 4400-753 4404 929 (a), Focus 7'5 4383 724 4384 886 4390 168 4395 411 ■1400-757 4404 922 8 8 4407 79S 4408 334 4408744 4412 326 4415 319 4416 636 4420 106 4426 174 4427-473 4428 676 4429 965 4436 300 4437 706* 8 8 8 4407 si 14 4408 335 4408 716 4 3 + 003 4407 825 4408 380 4408 694 4400-818 4407 815 8 8 8 8 10 10 12 14 15 16 |4415 291 4416-730* 4421751 4426 ■ 199 000 4415 301 6 6 5 4415 300 4416 648 8 4421-775 8 8 4427 490 4428 694 8 8 22 4436 312 3 4436 323 7 21 28 4438-007 4441848 3 3 4438 02S 6 4441-842 4442 505 4444-371 4447 896 4452- 173 4459-287 4459 923 4460 493 4462 534 4441886 6 6 31 4444 ■ 369 3 4444 407 5 4 40 4452 176 2 4452-204 1 1 50 51 53 4459 922 446U455 4462 524 1 1 — 001 4459 ■ 956 1 4460 518 — 000 Film 32 •000 — 021 38 50 100 105 120 140 151 159 180 191 -201 3, Focus 7 0 4466 737 4468 192 4468 962 4469 882 4474 -22S 4474 899 4476 206 4480 "235 4482-435 4484 420 4489 101 4490 996 4494 756 4462 576 + •001 3 4466730 4469 879 58 4466 733 000 4466 737 3 4 4469 879 4474 221 4474 902 4476 209 63 4469 888 + 000 4469 919 4 69 71 4474 914 4476 215 4 5 4482 401 79 4482 434 5 4489 077 -088 Film 4( 000 44S9 150 7, Focus 70 4494 755 -r'004 4494 725 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARI ) VII., A. 1909 Correc- tion. 1 ' rrected Wave-Length. Correc- tion. Corrected Wave-Length. Correc- tion. Corrected Wave-Length. Correc- tion. Corrected Wave-Length. — ■206 •208 •216 231 •231 •226 222 ISC. 178 171 159 150 4496 237 4497 055 4502 146 1524 381 4525 322 4528 776 4531 341 4549797 4553-254 4556 847 4560-919 + •003 4502 147 4524 4C3 + •005 17 17 19 19 19 18 17 4502 160 )524 413 4.25-368 4528 809 I5JL366 4549 .^7 4553 25 1 45 0-897 + 001 000 4328 798 — 001 4545 583 456'i 9 6 2 4564 788 2 4571 98 J 4577 370 1578-930 45S0 599 15 13 13 13 4571 972 457 359 4578-907 4580 564 2 123 120 116 122 119 104 101 95 93 90 78 04 53 34 30 23 16 — -ooo 000 Film 32 000 + 007 44 42 42 41 40 39 33 28 22 22 21 4.77 390 4578 921 158] 596 4584 0115 2 .i 3 458 »• 553 4591422 4594 271 11 10 9 4686 54 i 4591 413 4594 277 4586 4591 4594 4600 4603 4606 4619 4635 4646 4666 4(70 4677 4688 47o6 548 400 287 287 13i 324 865 332 542 204 595 729 049 659 3 -003 6 § 1 4 46 13 12 4606-326 4619 8.4 4635 345 4646 558 3 4070 649 -001 •000 Film 40 4706471 4736 963 7, Focus 7 ' 0 4707 457 1, Focus 7 0 4707 457 4710 648 000 + -C03 3 4 4 4 5 5 4736 963 4775 260 4776 125 4778 239 4781 441* 4783195 4797 llll 4807 695 4736 4775 4776 4778 4781 4782 4796 4807 4820 4820 4822 4825 4827 4837 4832 4S33 4838 ■841 4851 4856 4859 4864 4871 4872 4875 4876 4877 4881 4882 4890 4891 < 4901 4904 943 276 134 256 715* 917* 826* 701 150* 954* 306* 824* 613 806 590 260 852 h04 651 965 925 S8S 495 6 4821 220 6 7 7 7 r 7 8 8 4827 616 4831-811 4832 5S6 4833 249 4838837 4841- SOS 4851 632 4856 969 20 18 18 17 16 15 12 10 9 8 6 6 5 5 4 3 3 + 001 000 — 002 2 - 003 7 7 6 6 4S64S95 4871507 4S72 344 4875 646 352 655 320 1881-732 963 720 337 948 »S3 065 733 6:7 5 + 001 000 4890 938 4891 6S3 — 002 4901 663 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 263 Correc- tion. Corrected Wave -Length. Correc- tion. Corrected Wave -Length. ( 'urivc tion. Corrected Wave Length. Correc- tion. Corrected Wave-Length. -003 4 4906 898 4911148 - 003 4 4 — 005 4906 872 4911 125 4912 140 4914 319 — 005 4914 418 'Omitted in calculating the mean. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR SUMMARY. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Mean nf Corrected 'to C V s B S .5 Remarks. Rowland and Harrison Vanadium. Rowland Solar. Kayser Wav. Lengths. Vanadium. Iron. Iron. 38115 801 3895 803 3895 '801 3893 100 3898 082 3898 151 f 3898 1 3898 3899 3899 032 231 171 850 3899 '283 38119 853 3899 '853 390" 408 3902 371 3902 399 3903 007 3903 3903 3906 3909 090 398* 628 976 3903 097 3903' 412 3906 588 3906 624 3910 1 128 3909 980 3914*469 3914 437 3914'426Fe,? 1 3910'544u 1 3916 879 3920 410 3923 054 3928075 3930 450 3934 174m 3948 925 3950 102 3916 574 3920 406 7 8 8 7 10 10 11 •10 3916 880 3920 404 3923 057 3923 059 3928 ' 075 3928 073 3930 4)6 3933 '815 3933775 3934 151 1 2 1 5 1 2 1 1 1 07 06 06 - '08 08 07 07 05 06 3948 920 3948 927 3950 101 3952 ' 103 3952 073 3956 '642 3956 603 3956 819 3966778 3967 '570 3968 114 390S'625Ca 39'« 313 3973 796 3977 891 3984 113 3956 610 3956 s36 3956 823 3966 '754 3966 219 ' 3967 675 3968 237 3968 '634 3968 '58S 3669'412 11 3 9 I 5 3 1 2 3 12 06 06 06 •07 07 07 •05 07 3969 411 3973 '790 3977'896 3977892 3984 123 3984 112 3990 7 "3 3990 693 3992 910 3990 712 3992 971V-0 3997 115 3997 547 3998 790Ti 3992 954 3997 ' 275 3997 ' 559 3998 SSI 3998 847 :;:i!'s-205 4003 159 4005 '429 8 5 1 1 2 5 5 1 12 1 1 1 1 1 11 10 09 05 05 06 • '08 OS 06 19 07 07 05 05 05 18 4005 '867 4005 838 4005 418 4009 864 4014 077 4022 01S 4009 885 4014' 697 4022044 4022 038 4023508 4o22 029 II 123 ' 555 Weak to violet. . . 4035 ' 793 4043 ' 293 4045 975 4045 978 4011 130 4051204 4051- 491 0-V 4051 '499 4051 485 4057 '200 1057 ' 244 4001 '069 4061' 081 u 4062 599 4063 759 4062 '626 4062'605 4063 756 Weak edges, line 1063-755 1065 229 406o-239Mn-Ti 4071 904 12 6 8 3 6 1 7 7 Is 08 •09 10 06 09 05 •10 19 Weak line to violet 4071 664 4090 703 4092 532! 1199-921! 4102 285 4071 '90S 1071 901 4090 728 4090728 4092 821 4099 •! 141 4102 321 1! or, 318 4092 840 409.". 938 f 4092 431 1 4092-665 41o" 306 4105 '31 3 41o; 648 4107 599 4109 906 4111-916 4107'649Ca-Fe- Zr I loll -905 4111 940 4107 040 4100 '.US 4109 953 4111 937 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a SUMMARY— Continued. 266 Mean of Corrected Wave- Lengths. 'm a at 43 c a I* Remarks. Rowland and Harrison Vanadium. Rowland Solar. 1 Vanadium. Iron. Kayser Iron. 4115 322 41 IS 646 6 5 4 5 6 8 6 6 1 2 7 12 09 07 09 •09 13 08 16 04 06 11 Weak edges 4115 311 4116-631 4118 320 4115 330 4116-634 4118 307 4123 589 4128 251 4132 100 4134 509Fe-V 4118 708 4123 907 4134 233Fe-V 4118-710 4123 651 4118 709 4128 214 4128152! 4132 123 4134 617 4132 174 4134 6131 4134 626 > 4134 860 J 4143 585 4134 840 4143 572 4144 038 4147 S36 4154071 4154 667 4156 970 4175 806 " 4181919 " 4144 033 4144 033 4147 841 4154 117 4154 662 1 1 1 •06 05 05 4154 662 4156 959 4 175 800 4175 799 4179 582 4179 542 4181 920 6 1 1 5 5 ■OS 06 05 08 08 4181 -918 4183-596 4183 071 4185 060 41 85 058 4187 204 4187 943 1 4191 ■ 595 ) (.4191-843 |" 4198 494 4199 267Zr-Fe 4202 198 4204-101 4205 545 4210 494 4216351 4219-516 4222 382 4224 337 4227-606 4233 772 423S112 4238 970 4217 591 4250 287 4250 945 4260 640 4268 915 4271-325 4187 217 4187 221 4187 973 4190 008 4190 011 4189-983 4191618 3 5 7 8 07 07 08 10 4191-611 4198 465 4199 257 4199-256 4202 192 4204 130 Faint line to red. 4202 506 4202 195 4205 245 4205 20i 4210 002 4209 985 4210 1)06 4°10 519 1 •06 4210 521 4216 340 4219 527 3 1 06 05 4219 523 4222 377 4222 387 4224 306 4226 866 4226 871 4227 612 6 1 07 06 4227 606 4232 621 4233 101 4232 604 4233 -007 J4232 618u i \ 4232 767 / 4233 086 4233 775 3 06 4233 771 4234 162 4234 149 4235 909 4234 ihCo-V 4236 107 5 08 Wt ak line to violet 4236- 118 4238 975 4238-980 4247 561 4247 604 4250 302 6 7 7 5 5 3 7 8 3 .4 2 1 5 1 5 06 10 12 •08 08 06 19 12 06 06 06 05 08 04 08 4250 299 4250 957 4250 948 4260 662 4200 656 4268812 4271 333 Weak line to red . 4268 787 4271 333 4271 721 -. 4271919 } 4271 706 4271 975 1 4271934 "4282 565' 4282 565 4271 933 4277 118 4277 101 4277 ' 147 V- 4232-573 4282 567 4284 210 4282 567 4291 982 Hazy edges 4291978 4290-266 4299 240 4291- 303 429H ■ 273 4294 301 4294 290 4299 417 4299 410Ti-Fe 4299 420 4306 388 4307 349 4307 342» 4308 081 4308-080 12 •18 4309 966 4309 949 4315 258 2 06 4315 262 4315 255 266 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 SUMMARY— Continued, Mean of Corrected Wave- Lengths "so a e g a XI — Remarks. Rowland and Harrison Vanadium. RuWLAX Vanadiuni. d Solar. Iron. Kayser Iron. 4325 941 12 2 3 1 5 5 ■is 06 07 05 07 -io{ 4325 939 4337 216 4352 908 4325 941 4330 185 4332 995 . 4330 181 4332 985 4330 189 4332 988 4337 225 4337 218 4341 176 4353 025 4367 941! Weak line to violet 4341 162 } 4253 040 4341 167 4353 044 4352 910 4367 759 4376 095 4376 107 4376 104 4378 861 4379 409 12 9 9 10 9 8 9 8 9 7 7 8 2 19 19 16 16 11 10 15 10 11 09 17 10 07 Weak edges Weak edges to red Weak edge to red Weak to red 4379 392 "' 4384 : 875" 4390 142 4395 382 4400 738 4379 396 '"4384-873 43911 149 4395 413 4400 738 4383 ■ 720 4384-888 4383-720 1383 724 4390 158 4395 407 4400744 4404935 4404-927 4404 929 4406818 4406 805 4407 801 4408 368 4408665 4412 299 4406 810 4407 810 4408 364 4108 633 4412 297 4416 636' 4420 100 4421 733 4426 201Ti 4407 811 4407 871 4408 350 4408-719 4408 582 4412 326 4415 301 4415 293 4415 301 4416646 4416 626 4420 106 1421 756 2 1 1 1 07 06 05 06 Weak edge to red. Weak line to violet 4421739 4425 594 4426184 4427 482 4427 482 4427 490 442S-685 4428676 4428-711V-Cr 4429958 4136-313 4438 006 4441- 881V— 4429 965 4136 312 2 4 4 08 08 09 4436 309 4438-004 4441847 4438 018 4441859 4442 505 4442 510 4442 522 * 4444 382 4 08 4444-380 4444385u 4447 896 4447 892 4447 907 4452 184 5 1 10 07 4452 180 4457 632 4452 171 4457 600Ti-V Zr 4457642 Wea k edge to red. 4459 287 4459 301 4459 934 3 4 3 2 •09 ■12 09 07 Hazy edge to red. 4459 918 4460 462 4462 533 4468174 4468 931 4469 871 4474 207 4474 899 4459 922 4460-462 4462 525 4468- 160u 4468-914M 4469 873 4474 -213« 4474 "91 2» 4460*489 4462'543 4466 734 4468192 4466 727 .... 4466737 4468 962 4469 890 3 07 Hazy to violet 4474 225 4474 905 2 2 1 06 07 Hazy edges 4476 210 4476 185 4476 207 4480 235 4480-200 4480308 4482 423 07 4482 438 4484 392 4489 075! 4490 942 4494 738 4484 420 4484 420 4489 109 5 09 4489 096 4490 981 4488928! 4490 975» 4490996 4494-745 3 09 4494 755 4496 237 4496 233 4497 574 4502 121 4514-357 4521 378 4525-337 4528 168 4497 055 .... 1497 023O 4502 157 u 4524 -378« 1502-151 06 Hazy 151 1 383 4514 358Fe,Co 4525 314 4528 798 4531327 4545 -568u 4548 024 1524-399 4525 344 2 1 5 2 5 08 08 13 07 10 4524-794 4531-350 4545 588 4545 566 4545-507Cr--V 4548038 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a SUMMARY— Concluded. 267 Mean of Corrected >> 'm C C 6 6 1 Width in Mm. Remarks. Rowland and Harrison Vanadium. Rowland Solar. Kavser Wave- Lengths A anadium. Iron. Iron. 4549 818 1 1 Hazy to violet... . 4549-824 4549 808Ti-Co 4549642 4553 ' 253 4556 '847 4560 ' 907 4 3 6 1 7 10 4560-893 4564 756 4571-959 4577-348 4560 892» 4564' 750» 4571976,- 4577 '356 4578 909 4580 590 4564 '788 4E71076 09 11 08 ► 13 4577 373 4578 919 4578 908 4580 562 4580 '588 4504 005 4584018 4586 '547 8 1 9 13 08 16 4586 554 4591 406 4594 216 4586552 4591 421a 4594-297 4591 '412 Hazy to violet.. . . 4594 279 4600 363- 4603 128 1 1 3 1 1 00 07 10 05 06 n;n:;-120 4606 ' 325 4606321 4619 896 4635 346 4646 571 461 9 '870 4619 852k 4635 352 4646 552» 4635 339 4646 550 4666 204 4670 '622 2 1 117 •07 4670 660 4706 357 4707 629 4710 746 4670 .Viii,, 4710-7371/ 4706 '565! 4707 ' 457 4707 457 4710 171 4736 963 4710 618 4736 943 1 3 4 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 3 1 5 07 10 10 07 08 ■10 09 ■07 •09 08 ■08 10 10 10 09 4775 '268 4776 130 4781'658' 4781514 4783-195! 4783 169» 4786 145c 4786 105 4797 • 101 ' 4786-706 4797 119 4807736 4827 638 4831-8*6 4832 617 4833 213 4807 698 4S27 637 4831 831 4832 615 4807-900 4827 '615 4831 '809 4832 588 4833 255 4838 '845 4838 837 Fe - Ni-Si.? 484 1 '806 4851' 642 4851 686 4851 689 Cr--V 4859 925 48511 928 4872 332 4864 892 4871501 4872 34S 5 7 1 7 10 Ml 07 10 4864 943 4871453 4864 919 4871512 4875 '651 4875 674 4875 671 4876'320 4877-963 4881726 4882 337 7 11 4881745 4882359 4890 265 / 4891 414 ( 4891767 4881 739 4882 336 4890 948 4890 943 1 6 10 10 4891-683 4891683 4899 065 4901'698 8 10 4904 '627 4904 575 4904 597k 4906 885 4906 '885 8 10 u. — Unidentified in Rowland's Solar Tabic. In most cases it will be observed these unidentified lines ci rrespond closely to the Vanadium lines of Rowland and Harrisons' Tables. 6-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a A. 1909 APPENDIX E. PHOTOMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. W. M. Tobey. Photometric observations are now being made at the Dominion Observatory with a new Polarizing Photometer. This method started in September of last year. Previous to that time the wedge photometer was mainly used. By that method the image of a star was intercepted by a wedge of coloured glass and finally extinguished by movement of the wedge. Thus comparisons were made by recording ' the extinguishing points ' of the star's light. This offered many difficulties to the observer, on account of the diffusion of the image at that stage, the uneven absorption of the wedge, and the fact that such observations are very trying to the eyes on account of the straining to keep in sight an object just as it is becoming invisible. To obviate these difficulties and not to make all comparisons at the critical point of the extinguishing of the star's light, resort was made to our polarizing photometer. Its essential principle is that comparisons are made with a standard artificial star, whose light is first passed through a double image prism. By rotation of an analyser, the light of the artificial star is made to be of the same intensity as that of the real star. Hence if two different stars are compared in succession with the artificial star and if $ and 6l are the respective angles of rotation of the prism from the position in which the light is extinguished, we have / . /sin2 e \ , T , T -jr— = log I . ., „ I where I and 1. are the intensities of our two stars. I, \sin- —04 05 Mean '40 ■33 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 271 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a OBSERVATIONS IN VICINITY OF NORTH POLE. Star. Reading of Circle. 0 L. sin2* T sinJ0 L°gsi„^ Difference of Magnitude. V. 81, 135, 261, 321 300 2, 84, 121, 270 270, 300, 89, 117 143, 328, 78, 258 147, 259, 327, 76 85, 125, 270, 306 330 5, 150, 76, 257 273, 121, 905, 315 5 272, 127, 89 9, 315 2 334, 73, 152, 257 256, 330, 75 5, 149 121, 89 3, 303, 269 2S 15 14 33 34 19 37 18 20 39 36 16 5 5 7 7 0 6 4 0 0 9 4 9-34320 8-85380 8-79720 9-48834 9 51066 9-04528 9-57120 8 99840 9-06810 9-59474 9-5770 8 9016 •48942 b 1 23 —19 a -69114 173 31 b a b b ■4S.-.3S •57280 1 21 1-43 -21 01 a a b ■521104 ":6554"' Mean 1-32 i-62 " 1-42 —10 :20'" Which is somewhat less than that (1-5-1) given in Harvard Annals 48. OBSERVATIONS IN FIELD OF LT ORIONIS. Star. Reading of Circle. e Log sin20 Logsin^ sin-0! Difference of Magnitude. V. a b f g h 151, 73, 258, 334 327, 260, 77, 141 300, 272, 90, 118 293, 270, 93, 112 331, 252, 71, 153 142, 81, 259, 328 259, 329, 145, 79 263, 323, 82, 141 38 32 14 12 40 32 34 30 5 4 0 0 5 9 9 8 8 9 S 9 9 5882 4572 7674 6358 6162 4604 4952 3980 1320 •33 •30 1316 •33 42 k k 1558 •39 33 1 0972 •24 33 272 DEPARTHEXr OF THE ISTEHIoR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 OBSERVATIONS OF W Urtai Majvris. This is a short period variable. Star. Circle Reading. 6' Time. Log sin'-S sin-*?! Difference of Magnitude. Var 314, 266, 85, 136 126, 90, 270. 302 301, 273, 122, 90 85, 129, 267, 312 310, 271', N7, 128 120, 89, 303, 271 273. 296, 89, 118 132, 86, 268, 320 314, 266, 84, 136 118, 89, 270, 303 301, 271, 90, 120 132, 84, 266, 315 315, 207, 83, 135 122, 90, 271, 303 305, 270, 90, 118 137, 81, 262, 317 314, 205, 83, 137 118, 90, 272, 299 2:i7, 271, 115, 90 137, 82, 265, 318 313, 248, 84, 127 118, 89, 271', 298 302, 270, 90, 118 124, 87, 268, 305 308, 268, 87, 125 117, 91, 273, 301 257 170 15 0 237 20 7 157 135 24 5 25 0 15 0 15 0 247 250 16 0 167 27 5 25 7 13 7 127 270 22 0 142 15 0 18-2 19 7 13 5 100 AM 9 2742 8 9318 8-8240 9 2084 9-0968 8-8646 8 7364 9-2354 9-2518 8 8260 8 8260 9-2420 9-2'.18 8-8806 8-9168 93288 9-2742 8 7490 8-6*42 9-3140 91472 8 7794 8-8240 9 0030 9-0556 8 7362 A 1 03 115 1 20 1 37 1 40 1-55 1-57 217 220 2-37 2 42 300 3 03 317 3 22 357 4 00 4 17 4 20 4 40 443 458 502 5 10 512 : 1 3424 •86 Var Var 3824 ■95 A A Var Var A A Var Var -2322 •58 ■4990 125 ■4258 106 4160 104 A A Val- var A A Var Var A . A Var Var •3712 ■4120 5352 •93 103 1 34 '6298 "l 57 "' ■3678 ":1770" •92 ■45 A •3194 •80 Thus approximate minima were shown at lh 36m and 5h, while at 2h it had regained its fullness of magnitude and held it till 4h 25m, when a decline set in. Other observations are, of course, necessary here to complete and refine the deter- mination of the period, &c. A word might be said in reference to some of the peculiarities and difficulties attached to photometric observations, difficulties to which the observer is almost constantly exposed. Probably the greatest is that due to difference of colour of the two stars to be compared, for it is seldom that two stars are alike in that respect. The great majority of stars are bluish or almost white like Sirius. Against this class we have those of a yellow tint like Capella, those of a red colour like Arcturus, and some even of a deeper red hue. To compare one star of a bright green or blue colour with another which may be anywhere in the scale from that colour to deep red, offers the very greatest embarrassment, because it is impossible to make a red star identical with a blue by any mere increasing or diminishing of its brightness, and because no two observers will agree in making the measurement for comparisons, as some eyes may be peculiarly sensitive to blue light and others to red light. The experience of the writer has shown that this is even intensified, when the difference of magnitude between the two stars is increased, for the greater that difference the greater the intensity of the respective colours. And it therefore seems, that to reduce the colour effect as much as possible, it is well to use stars differing not too much in magnitude, say not greater than one-half a magnitude. In case the difference of magnitude is greater, it is well to use stars of an intermediate magnitude and so arrive at the final comparison, though such intermediate stars are not always to be obtained, especially those whose magnitudes are known with accuracy. And then it is absolutely essential that the sky should be free from clouds and :if a uniform transparency. As Parkhurst, in Researches in Stellar Photometry, says: A patchy sky ' is the signal to stop work. For this reason many nights, which to an REPORT OF Till-! CHIEF ASTRONOMER 273 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a observer in other lines, would prove to be good for accurate work, must be discarded on account of presence of sheets of haze or otherwise undesirable and fluffy sky. Many is the night, with its observations which have been lost in that way. Temperature is also an important factor to be reckoned with. At low tem- peratures the proximity of the eye alone is sufficient to dim with frost the eye-piece, and as this dimming does not necessarily take place evenly over the surface, but rather unevenly, observations as such cannot be relied upon. Thus the eye-piece may be partly dimmed so as to affect the real star, and not affect the artificial one at all or to the same degree. To attain good results it is also necessary to pay strict attention to some other facts, one of which is that the star to be compared and the artificial one should always be in a constant position, i.e., they should not be sometimes in a vertical, slanting or horizontal line, but always in one same position. The horizontal position seems to be the best and it is the experience of the writer that unless this is done, serious differences in the estimation of the brightness will ensue. The work on long period variables, stars whose period may be as much as a year or a year and a half, will not be affected by the above difficulties to the same extent, for on any one night, that is favourable, a number of measurements can be taken and the mean value used, so as to eliminate those effects. But not so with some of our irregular and short period variables, some of only a few hours duration, and which necessarily demand observations of almost a continuous nature, especially near the minama where the changes are sudden. With these the most perfect of weather conditions, &c, are to be desired, so that each measurement can be taken as a standard one. Classified, the work is to determine the photometric magnitude of all such standard stars as are necessary for the determination of variables and the determina- tion, both in amount and period of duration, of the light variation of these different variables by observations. These observations, for long period variables, must necessarily be extended over a considerable lapse of time, while for irregular and short period variables they should be as continuous and frequent as is possible. It then becomes necessary to determine all those interesting variables of the type ' Algol,' a star whose light is periodically eclipsed by some dark revolving body and whose variation is, therefore, determined by photometric means; to determine the type of our long period variable whether of o Ceti or U Geminorum type; to deter- mine the nature of our short period variables, whether of type 8 Cephei or /J Lyrae, and lastly, those whose variations are of an irregular nature. In conclusion, I wish to express my thanks for the very kind assistance and suggestions given to me by Mr. J. S. Plaskett. 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a A. 1909 APPENDIX 3 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, 1908 MERIDIAN WORK AND TIME SERVICE By K- M. STEWART, M.A. 25a— 22 8-9 EDWARD VII. -SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a A. 1909 CONTENTS. Page, Time Service 276 Repairs and Alterations to Field Instruments 281 The Meridian Circle 283 Errors of Transit Observations 2S8 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. 1. Synchronization cut-out 276 2. Pendulum contact 278 3. Transit micrometer 282 4. Errors of graduated circles , 284 25a— 22J 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a A. 1909 APPENDIX 3. REPORT OF R. M. STEWART, M.A., ON MERIDIAN WORK AND TIME SERVICE Ottawa, March 31, 1908. W. F. Ejng, Esq., B.A., LL.D., Chief Astronomer, Department of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to report as follows on the work carried out under my charge during the past year. As in previous years, the time service at the Observatory and the Government Buildings in the city has been kept in operation, and extensions and improvements made. The system of synchronized clocks has been extended to the Post Office, including a six-foot tower clock which is operated electrically, and which has an automatic attachment to control its own illumination. The clocks and electrical apparatus for the Printing Bureau, the Mint and the Archives have been on hand for some time, and everything is in readiness to extend the system to these buildings also, as soon as the necessary wiring shall have been completed by the Department of Public Works. A system of automatic cut-outs has been installed in the various master-clocks, by which, in case of their getting out of step on account of any derangement of the synchronization line, they will cut themselves out of synchroniza- tion, and so obviate any danger of stoppage on that score. The usual amount of observing has been done for longitude, clock error, rating of chronometers, &c. The investigation into the errors of observation with portable transit instruments was continued and a satisfactory conclusion arrived at, so far as concerns the clas3 of errors considered. The information gained in the inquiry will be applied to the observations in the field in the coming summer, with a view to which some necessary alterations have already been made in the micrometers of the field transits. A travelling-wire micrometer for Cooke Transit No. 1 was made in the workshop during the summer of 1907; it was modelled for the most part on those already in use on Transits Nos. 2 and 3, but contained such modifications as experience had suggested; a more detailed description is given below. The meridian circle arrived about the end of October, and was mounted a short time later. Some transit observations were made under difficulties in the early part of the winter, but, owing probably to an accident in shipment, no use could be made of the vertical circles, which were accordingly returned to the makers for repairs. Later it developed that the piers on which the instrument was mounted were unstable, which will, unfortunately, necessitate their complete reconstruction. Work on the opening mechanism for the roof shutters, and the reconstruction of the vertical wall- shutters, is in progress, but it will probably be some months before the instrument can be got ready for service. I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. D. B. Nugent for assistance in preparing the tables for this report, and to Mr. C. C. Smith for preparing the drawings and for considerable assistance in checking the computations. 275 276 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 SECTION I. TIME SERVICE. Reference was made in my last report to the proposed extension of the time service to the city Post Office, the Printing Bureau, the Mint and the Archives Building. The ownership of all the dials and electrical apparatus of the time service (with the exception of that in the Observatory itself) is vested in the Department of Public Works. For the sake of convenience, however, all the apparatus is ordered by the Chief Astronomer, after approval by the Department of Public Works; the electrical work, wiring, &c, is performed by the latter. After the work of installation is completed, the clocks are taken charge of by the Observatory, which becomes responsible for the attention necessary to their correct running. The wiring in the Post Office was completed August 14, 1907, and on August 16 at noon the dials were started; the master-clock had been set up some time previously for the regulation of its rate; it was not put into synchronization until some little time later, when connection by wire with the Observatory was obtained. The move- ment of tho tower clock was started on August 15, as soon as the storage battery had been charged, but the hands were left disconnected until August 24, the interven- ing period being taken up with testing and adjustment. This Tower Clock is of the same essential type as the one at the Observatory, with a few improvements and modifications. The dial is six feet in diameter, in five sections of ground glass, retained in place by an iron frame-work in two sections, of which the hour and minute marks are an integral part. The hour marks instead of consisting as ordinarily of the Roman numerals, are single radial lines, thus taking up less space and enabling the time to be read at a greater distance. The illumination is arranged by a white enamelled reflecting-board the same size as the dial, and situated about a foot behind it ; the light is thrown upon it from six 16 c. p. incandescent lamps arranged in a circle around its edge with suitable reflectors. The movement is driven by a small motor whose circuit is closed every minute by the master-clock; when the hands have been advanced the space of a minute the motor is automatically disconnected from the movement, and at the same time the circuit driving it is broken ; the whole operation occupies perhaps half a second. The movement is connected to the hands by a driving shaft and universal joints. To make the clock complete it seemed desirable to have an automatic switch for turning on the illumination in the evening and off in the morning. Time-switches are, of course, a commercial article, but on the suggestion of Dr. King, the much better plan was adopted of having the switch controlled by the clock itself. It was made and fitted to the clock in the Observatory work-shop, and has given absolute satisfaction. The ' switch ' consists of two horizontal drop-levers operated by adjustable stops on a twenty-four-hour wheel which was added for the purpose. The upper lever is dropped in the evening by one of the stops, thereby making circuit with the lower lever through a carbon contact; in the morning the lower lever is dropped by the second stop and breaks the circuit; during the day the switch is again set by a pin on the twenty-four-hour wheel, which raises both levers simultaneously. By means of graduations on the wheel the stops can readily be set independently with considerable accuracy, so that the times at which the switch operates can be controlled within a few minutes. About the time of the starting of the dials in the Post Office a request was received from the Ottawa Electric Company for permission to connect a clock to one of the government circuits. This privilege was granted them on condition of their extending the circuit to include the two dials in the Thistle Building on Wellington street, which had formerly been operated from the Langevin Block. The wires con- necting the latter buildings consisted of too long a span for proper working, and in addition they passed over private property intermediate; consequently, it was con- Stewart— Time Service and Meridian Work. 25a — p. 27*>. Fig. 1— Synchronization Gut-out. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 277 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a sidered better to operate the dials from the Post Office. The Ottawa Electric Company acceded to the condition and had the necessary wires erected; the circuit was then connected to the time service switch-board in the Post Office. The dial, a two-foot illuminated one, is situated outside the company's offices on Sparks street, together with an illuminated sign bearing the legend 'Dominion Observatory Time.' The apparatus for the installation in the Printing Bureau, the Mint and the Archives Building was ordered in the beginning of February, 1907, and had all been received early in May. The dials in the Mint and the Archives Building were to be operated from the Printing Bureau, where the master-clock and switch-room were to be located, the former buildings being connected by wire with the latter. The wiring has, I understand, already been completed in the Mint and Archives Building. There still remains the equipment of the switch-room, the wiring in the Printing Bureau, and the placing of the clocks in position in all three buildings, as well as the erection of the connecting wires. As soon as this has been completed by the Public Works Department the system can be put in operation. As mentioned in a previous report, the wires running from the Observatory to the buildings in the city, for synchronizing the secondary master-clocks, are rented from the Bell Telephone Company. There has frequently been temporary trouble on these wires, due, no doubt, in a great measure to the fact that, running as they do in cables with many other wires, and passing through the racks in the company's exchange, they are liable to be involved in inadvertent derangement by the constant repairs and alterations inseparable from a telephone system. It has been mentioned that with the system of synchronization in use no harm can result from the opening of the controlling circuit, as the synchronized master-clocks will in that case continue to run independently, though with less accuracy; but if it be closed without due precautions, if the phase-difference between the synchronizing and the synchronized clocks is excessive, there is a risk of stoppage of the latter. Hence a temporary derangement of the synchronizing line is a more fruitful cause of trouble than a permanent one, and is one of the principal contingencies to be guarded against. In the past, eternal vigilance has been the price of safety, and in spite of all precautions the inevitable has occasionally happened. As it was not practicable to establish an independent line, the only alternative was to instal a safety cut-out in connection with each master-clock, so that if for any reason it got too far out of step with the synchronizing current, it would automatically cut itself out of connection with the latter, and run independently until the proper conditions were restored. The cut-out arrangement consists of the pendulum-contact p (Fig. 1), in series with which and the points of the synchronization relay A is included a neutrally adjusted polar relay B ; the local synchronization current passes in series through the points of the relays A and B and the synchronizing magnet M. Normally, during the alternate seconds while the synchronization current flows, the pendulum is performing that part of its swing which lies to the left of the vertical; if for any reason it gets sufficiently out of step that p and a are closed simultaneously, a circuit through B is established which opens the local synchronization circuit at b; since B is neutrally adjusted, it will remain open until closed again by hand. The auxiliary contact c, operated by the escapement, which is open for the first second of every minute, was made necessary by the fact that the synchronization current remains closed for three seconds at the even minute; otherwise the cut-out would act every minute, even when the clock was in step; the three-second interval in the synchronization current is for convenience in checking the coincidence of the master-clocks with the Mean Time Primary, and is also required for the proper operation of the check-dial at the Observatory. The contacts for the five master-clocks were made in the Observatory workshop, and they were installed, the first by Mr. Nugent and myself, the others by Mr. Nugent and Mr. Kobertson. Their working has been quite satisfactory. As in the past, the time has been supplied by telegraph every day to the Great North Western Telegraph Company, and by telephone to any parties requiring it. 278 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 A record was kept during the month of January of the number of requests for time by telephone, the accuracy desired varying from the simple hour and minute to the transmission of the actual clock-beats in the way described in my last report. The total number of calls during the month was 153, the maximum for any one day being 11. There were 8 requests for sidereal time, and 14 for the beats of the mean time clock. On one or two occasions during the year these beats have been sent over the long-distance line. In the course of the longitude operations during the summer of 1907 it became necessary to arrange a circuit for recording the beats of the old Borrel master-clock on the chronograph, which involved the installation of a suitable contact. The type of contact required was the usual one for chronographic registration — that is, it was required to break circuit every alternate second, omitting the 58th. These contacts are usually operated by the escapement, but in this case the beats of the clock were not entirely uniform throughout the minute, the escapement being of the pin-wheel type, which is particularly liable to this defect. It was necessary, therefore, to operate the contact by the pendulum; for this purpose a simple but efficient con- trivance was adopted, which may be worth describing. The contact was situated about one-quarter way down the pendulum from its point of support; a sketch showing it as viewed from behind is shown in Fig. 2. The block b and the contact ^Ua^vw j _3EL Fig. 2 — Pendulum Contact. screw s are attached to the back of the clock-case; t is a very light spring attached to b, and terminating at its free end with a slight upward bend. Attached to the pendulum rod p is a light arm a, pivoted to swing freely about a point near its upper- extremity, and resting against a stop at one side. As the pendulum swings to the left a engages with the point of t, depressing it so as to break the circuit at s; on the swing to the right a is lifted clear of its stop and does not depress t. The omission of the break at the 58th second is managed by a wheel connected to the escapement, which short-circuits the contact from the 57th to the 59th second. In order not to affect the going of the clock the whole contact, especially the spring t, must be of very light construction. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER . 279 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a After a prolonged delay, a considerable part of which was due to the fact that tho consignment went astray in shipment, the seconds-dials for use in the Observatory have at last been received. Three of them will be operated by the sidereal master- clock, one in the equatorial room, one in the transit room and one in the meridian circle room; the remaining four will be operated by the mean time signal clock, being distributed through different rooms in the building. Already two of them (one sidereal and one mean time) have been mounted in the equatorial room; only the sidereal one is as yet in operation. They are operated by a reversal of the current every second, and are very satisfactory in their working; they have a resistance of about 160 ohms each, and can be operated in parallel by a battery of four volts. During February and March a test was made of the eight-box chronometers belonging to the Observatory, which are used for the field work. No chronometer room has as yet been fitted up at the Observatory, so that the temperature could not be controlled very satisfactorily, nor could as large a range be obtained as was desired. The chronometers were placed in the pendulum room, and connected by wire with the time room, where the comparisons were made daily with the sidereal clock by chronograph. The temperatures obtainable were practically restricted to two, according as the steam coils in the room were opened or closed; in field work the temperatures experienced are very much more varied, ranging from below freezing point to sometimes 95° or 100° F, a considerable proportion of this range being occasionally covered within a single day. During the course of the test the chronometers were tested for magnetic polarity by turning through an angle of 90° ; in only one case (Dent 52865) was there a marked change in rate during this period, and even in this case the change was much less than occurred during other portions of the test. During one period of 48 hours comparisons were made every 2 hours, to determine whether there was any change of rate depending on time elapsed since winding; no such change was noticeable in any case. The running of the chronometers on a 48 hour winding was also tested in a similar way, but these rates were not used in working out the trial numbers. The trial numbers are intended as an indication of relative accuracy, the chronometer giving the smaller trial number being in general the more accurate. The particular way in which the different mean variations given by the test are combined to form the trial number is of course merely arbitrary, and if two chronometers have trial numbers nearly equal it does not necessarily follow that the trial numbers are an exact guide. They have been formed in the present instance as follows : In the column ' Mean periodic variation ' (Table I) is given the average difference (without regard to sign) between the mean rate for the whole test and that for each of the periods given; to this is added the average of the mean daily variations for the different periods, and the mean variation for two hours as given in the ninth column. This sum is taken as the trial number. 280 DEPARTUEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 7i -r -r i- ." (O i-t- — 71 3: — . J fa UO;38UBA aipouaid ueaj^ C . - ;r n c- X 9 1 — — . 7i 7! 71 -r oo ^^ .— tt-r.X T: t- iO rc NWCOMeOWO 71 71 — 77 71 < •IIUUBUKA ri *r — z. o r — t- cf -r i~ iC i-i" iC tC so 1 — c — ~ :t. — l- .- |Q r-. < - '•UBJ A[i)'[j iu:>]( N 3S --T ~ — — ." 71 MifiaOHtss: t - — 7) — — 71 71 DO SO tO =' r-i t-T O OS ?: ^ r. i^ x n ?; k 7i — ro cq i r. < •uoijeuba c — — c — — -t-x ajBj A[lUp U'MJV t -r :i o r. t h n 71 71 « 71 III 1 II x r _ i". — ir; i •UOIJBUTJA UBSJ^ 55 ST !C X ».- ~ --T — r-« r-i i — i- r r- c n as ■aj«j 71 n r7 71 — . — C IG 71 7i y. — <— 1 : 3S O CO <-- *-r *a < 7171 — f hMiCN 30000O0C •s.moq o.«^ — . w c:ikx m 7i ho«SO«Oh 1 1 1 - 71 f. %z ■- E f-H < - 1 ■OOIJBI.IKA creep} C — — — -r-r -r.i) ■^ -^ .- -I.IM A*|jBp UB9p£ 77 i- *- -X t- i- 7*. — -^r™?:^ 71 7i — :". — . I < •miijBin:; — t to -r 7i -r -r t- r-7 •— ■— 71 — C 71 .."7 X MJ K.I A"[isp treapj I- x x ic - — — .- O t- O ?i — fcs. — — 71 77 ?3 71 • T • 1 I X ~ l- 53 i. •U"i:i;uha UBaj^ GONXCNCOfX c n - - - :i c i A[n:p UBaj^ 71 71 -^ ?7 .- =: l- « Tl 71 M-N^- "-; -r io 3 B £ o :::::: :j X * — x -»r ta t- Jo « x a ? ^3 60 ^ *T3 3 CS o -a .a & o a g is » -3 - "S g ft 2 o O O I ft c .2 p S . O 03 0> W 3 - III §«g.a s a. I 2 3 *3 I. +3 t» S « o 1-1 •« a 3 ^.s 1—1 ^ Sw' s sssa^H" REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 281 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a SECTION IT. REPAIRS AND ALTERATIONS TO FIELD INSTRUMENTS. During the summer of 1907 a travelling-wire micrometer, or transit micrometer, was made in the workshop and fitted to Cooke Transit No. 1. It was modelled for the most part, with a few alterations, on the Saegmuller micrometers already in use on Transits No. 2 and No. 3. The general type of construction of transit micrometers is now becoming so well known that it is unnecessary to describe it here in detail.* The spider lines, two parallel and one perpendicular to the micrometer screw, are attached to a slide which is moved by the screw; on the head of the latter are fixed several contact strips which make contact with a spring as the screw is turned, thus furnishing the records on the chronograph. A spiral thread of a few turns which is also attached to the micrometer head operates a small graduated wheel for counting the number of revolutions ; attached to this is a flange with a notch of a length corresponding to four revolutions of the screw, which operates a cut-out lever so that only the record of those four revolutions reaches the chronograph. The adjustment for collimation is made by a dove-tailed slide supporting the whole micro- meter box; another slide at right angles to this is also provided, while the whole micrometer is arranged to turn between stops through an angle of 90° in order that it may also be used for measuring differences of zenith distance. The eye-piece is mounted on an independent slide whose motion is controlled by a separate screw. The micrometer is driven through a gear wheel by a pair of driving-heads worked by both hands, one revolution of the driving-heads corresponding to two revolutions of the micrometer. In the usual type the cut-out is so arranged that the record is made by the four turns in the centre of the field ; in this instance, however, for reasons described below (see Section IV), it was desired to record every alternate four revolutions throughout the field. It was also decided to have the eye-piece slide driven at the same speed aa the micrometer wire, so that while observing the wire would appear stationary in the middle of the field. It seemed likely that in this way there would be less danger of systematic error due to apparent motion of the star and wire across the field. An auxiliary adjustment was also provided by which the eye-piece could be moved independently by hand as before. As a matter of fact, the micrometer is yet unfinished in many details. At the time of making, it was desired for several reasons to get it into commission as soon as possible, and for this reason all non-essentials, such as polishing, lacquering, and even the careful finishing up of some of the merely auxiliary parts, such as the eye- piece slide, &c, were dispensed with, and the instrument pressed into service as soon as it was in a condition to do efficient work. It had been hoped to have it ready for work by the beginning of September, but for some reasons into which it is not necessary to enter here, it was delayed for a full month, being used for the first time on the first of October. On account of pressure of work in the machine shop it has been left in the same condition up to the present; it is hoped, however, to have it completed in the near future. The operation of the instrument will be readily understood from Fig. 3, which is reproduced from a photograph. The micrometer screw, rigidly attached to the micrometer head a, is operated by the large gear wheel mounted on the shaft of the driving heads ib; near the other end of the same shaft is a small gear-wheel meshing into the wheel c, the gear-ratios being so arranged that c makes one revolution for every eight of the micrometer screw. Extending half-way around c, near its outer edge, is a flange which engages with the lever d; the other end of this lever, on which is an insulating knob, operates the spring e, lifting it off the contact screw f (mounted • For a more detailed description see Report of the Chief Astronomer for J905. Appendix 2, by Otto J. Klotz. 282 . DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 on an ebonite block) when d engages with the flange on c. The circuit is thus closed through e f during every alternate four revolutions of the micrometer screw. One end of the observing circuit is led to f, and, providing e f is closed, it is continued thence through the wire g to the platinum-tipped contact brush h; this brush, as the screw is rotated, makes contact with five platinum strips let into the ebonite head i; these strips are connected to the body of the micrometer box and so to the telescope, which forms the return circuit. The eye-piece slide I is moved by the screw m, which is operated from the small wheel attached to c; the pitch of the screw is sixteen turns per inch, and the gear-ratios are so adjusted that the rate of motion of the eye-piece is the same as that of the carriage driven by the micrometer screw, which carries the spider lines. An independent motion of the eye-piece slide is also provided by means of a rack and pinion which moves the nut n with relation to the slide I. A screw adjustment for focussing the eye-piece was also provided ; the tube into which the eye-piece slides is made in two sections, one of which screws into the other; after adjustment of the focus has been once made the maintenance of their relative positions is insured by a lock-nut; the necessity is thus avoided of refocussing every time the diagonal eye-piece is turned from one side of the instrument to the other. In the usual type of micrometer there is a comb with five teeth in the field of view, which marks the four revolutions of the screw which correspond to the centre of the field. This was replaced by a comb in four sections, each of which was similar to the above; the four sections were set symmetrically with respect to the centre of the field, and the cut-out arrangement so adjusted that the record on the chronograph was made while the spider-thread was passing over the several sections of the comb. In other respects the micrometer is practically identical with those on Transits No. 2 and No. 3. The original cut-out (corresponding to four revolutions of the screw) was not omitted, as at that time it was a question whether the contemplated methods of observation which made the new one necessary would prove practicable, and it was not certain which would finally be used. The micrometer screw has a pitch of 120 turns to the inch ; the thread was first cut as carefully as possible in the lathe, and the periodical and other errors eliminated by prolonged grinding in suitable nut?, first with fine emery and at the last with rouge. The Y's of Cooke I, for the support of the axis, formerly consisted each of two cylindrical segments, so that each bearing surface extended through an arc of about 45° around the circumference of the pivot, and over a space of nearly an inch longi- tudinally. This form, a veiy undesirable one, was altered so as to conform to the recognized pattern. A section through the Y by a plane perpendicular to the axis now consists of two segments of straight lines perpendicular to each other, and each inclined 45° to the horizon; a section by a plane passing through the axis and perpendicular to one of the above lines is a curved line very slightly convex towards the axis. This constitutes the nearest practicable approach to the ideal ' two-point ' bearing. This transit has never been used as a zenith telescope, being always reserved as the home instrument in longitude operations. As soon, however, as the Meridian Circle is available for regular observations, Cooke I will be freed for field work, which makes necessary some further alterations for its adaptation as a zenith telescope. These are to be made in the near future, and consist of the addition of a mounting for a latitude level, and the installation of new slow-motion zenith-distance tangent screws, the ones now in place being too coarse for fine adjustments. At the same time it is proposed to raise the standards so that the instrument may be transited eye-end down, which is at present impossible. After a thorough test of the new micrometer it was recommended to Dr. King, for reasons given in Section IV of this report, and approved by him, that the cut-outs on the micrometers of the two other transits should be altered so as to conform to the principle embodied in the new one. In these micrometers no provision is made for Stewart— Time Service and Meridian Work. 25a— p. 282. Fig. 3.— Transit Micrometer. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 283 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a the motion of the eye-piece with the spider-line carriage, only the independent move- ment being provided; consequently, the wheel c is lacking. As the introduction of this wheel would have necessitated further alterations which were rather inconvenient, it was decided to dispense with the driving of the eye-piece slide, and to attempt to provide for the increased number of records on the chronograph by a simple alteration of the existing arrangement. The flange attached to the small counter-wheel (p. Fig. 3) was removed, and a new one containing four notches made to replace it. It was feared at first that owing to the smallness of the flange and the necessity for having the notches exactly the correct width and at the correct interval, this might be difficult to accomplish; however, after several attempts it was successfully done. The number of notches was limited to four, because it had been found that a larger number of records would never be required. New combs were also made, similar to the one in Transit No. 1. These combs being extremely minute (the distances between contiguous teeth being in one case ^o-inch, in the other %30-inch) were difficult to make without special appliances, and a very neat method was suggested by Mr. Mackey, our ingenious mechanician. The thin strip of brass from which the comb was to be made was inserted in a slot in a cylindrical rod and the whole hammered well together; it was then inserted in the lathe, turned down till the whole was an apparently homogeneous piece, and a thread of the proper pitch cut; to cut out the spaces between the sections of the comb the lathe-carriage was moved along the ways by the driving screw to the proper position, disconnected from the latter and a cut of the proper depth taken; it was then connected again to the driving screw, moved along the proper distance (eight revolutions) and another cut taken, this process being repeated the required number of times. On releasing the brass strip from the slot in which it had been held, the finished comb dropped out. The chronographs used in the field operations are of the small Fauth (now Bausch and Lomb) type. The governors are driven by a spiral gear, consisting of a thread of low pitch cut on the shaft of the governors, which engages with a gear wheel in the train. This has always proved more or less unsatisfactory, and last summer one in particular of the chronographs absolutely refused to work. The spiral gear was taken out, an extra wheel inserted in the train, and a bevel gear introduced to drive the governor-shaft. This has worked so well that it has been decided to make the same alteration in the other chronographs; work on this is now in progress. section m. THE MERIDIAN CIRCLE. The Meridian Circle, for which an order had been placed some years ago with Messrs. Troughton and Simms, was received on October 28 last, and the work of setting up and adjusting was immediately proceeded with. The telescope is of six inches aperture and about seven feet focal length ; the field contains six fixed vertical threads and two horizontal ones, in addition to the movable micrometer threads; the right ascension micrometer is supplied with the Eepsold automatic registering device. The field illumination is provided for by an annular reflector in the axis; bright wire illumination is effected by four small electric lamps inside the tube near the eye-end. There are two circles, each graduated to every five minutes, one being fixed in position on the axis, the other movable. They are read by four microscopes each, two pointer-microscopes (one for each circle) being also provided for reading to the nearest five-minute division. There is an end-thrust bearing at each end of the axis, one being fixed, while the other is tightened by two nuts pressing against coil springs ; this ensures the constancy of the position of the telescope with respect to the standards, so that the division marks may always be in focus in the reading-microscopes. There are two collimating telescopes, each of four inches aperture and about four and a half feet focal length. For reversing the telescope a reversing carriage is provided, which runs on rails laid between the piers. The level is read by nadir observations 284 DEPARTMEXT OF TEE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 on a circular mercury trough with the usual type of colliruating eye-piece; there is also another mercury trough mounted on wheels, for observation of stars by reflection. In addition, the usual complement is provided of extra eye-pieces, apparatus for testing pivot errors, &c. The piers for the support of the instrument and collimators had been built previously ; they all rise from the level of the foundation walls of the building. The two instrument piers are supported by a single base which terminates about 18 inches below the level of the floor. On attempting to mount the instrument it was found that owing to the height of the reversing carriage the piers were considerably too low. After this had been remedied the instrument was mounted and got in approximate adjustment about the beginning of December. After the adjustment it was discovered that the piers were not altogether free from the concrete floor, a certain amount of soft concrete having apparently become lodged in the spaces and hardened there; after this had been cut away it was found that the level error had changed from about 3 seconds of arc to about 12 seconds. Further adjustment, however, was postponed until later, and the level error remained about this value for some time. On putting the reading microscopes into position and attempting to adjust them it was immediately apparent that there was some defect in the circles, as the micro- scopes when foeussed for one zenith distance did not remain in focus as the telescope was revolved. This might have been due to any one of three causes : (1) a lack of trueness in the fixed end-thrust bearing, causing a slight motion east and west of the telescope as a whole when revolved; (2) a lack of perpendicularity between the plane of the circles and the axis of the telescope; (3) a deviation of the circles themselves from the true plane form. To test the first hypothesis, which, however, seemed unlikely in itself, one of the microscopes was mounted so as to view longitudinally the centre of one end of the axis, and the telescope was revolved. As the stationary point in the axis remained truly in focus during the whole revolution, the possibility of the first cause was eliminated. The next step was to determine the deviation of the graduation bands of the circles, around their whole circumference, from a true plane at right angles to the axis of rotation. For this purpose one of the western microscopes was removed from its mounting, and replaced by two cylindrical brass bearings; in these a steel rod was arranged to slide so that one end could readily and surely be brought into contact with the silver strip on which the graduations were ruled. The microscope which had been removed was mounted with its line of sight perpendicular to the steel rod. upon which was engraved a mark to be viewed by it. To test the circles, each required point was brought opposite the rod, which was then brought into contact with the circle, and the micrometer of the microscope set on the engraved mark. This was first done for every 20° around the fixed circle; the telescope was then reversed and the same process repeated with the movable circle. A microscope was then dismounted from the eastern pier and similar measurements taken from that point on both circles, the division marks set on in this instance being intermediate to those tested previously. Finally the value of one turn of the micrometer was determined (about -134 mm.), and the displacements from the mean plane reduced to millimetres. These displacements are shown in tabular form in Table II, and graphically in Fig. 4, in which the ordinates, representing the displacements, are magnified 25 times. The smoothness of these curves, as well as the interagreement of the series of readings in Clamp West and Clamp East for both circles, indicate the delicacy of this method of measurement. It was now evident that the trouble lay in a distortion of both circles, and, from the existence of two maxima and two minima and their relative positions, that tho distortion consisted in a simple bend along a line passing nearly, but not quite, through the centre of each .circle. As the relative position of the two circles in the packing box had not been noted at the time of unpacking, it was not known whether these lines had coincided at that time; it appeared likely, however, that the damage had been caused by rough handling in shipment. w : :::;;:" o 4] --ff+ I 25a— p. 284. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 285 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a The above facts were communicated to Messrs. Troughton and Simms, who decided that it would be necessary only to return them the circles, together with a pair of microscopes for testing. They were accordingly shipped on January 16, and are still in the makers' hands. The weather during December and the early part of January was very poor astronomically, but as often as possible observations were taken for the purpose of testing the instrument; as the circles were useless the observations were, of course, mainly confined to transits. The right ascension micrometer was found not to work very satisfactorily, but was improved by cleaning and by the insertion of a stronger spring; some minor adjustments were also found necessary. Such observations as were made were carried on under considerable difficulty, as the electric wiring for the meridian circle room has not yet been done. A pair of wires was strung temporarily from the time room to afford connection with the chronograph; another pair led to a single electric light; this, together with an oil lantern, furnished the only means of illumination for telescope field, collimators, nadir eye-piece, setting circles, &c. The specifications for the wiring have been in the hands of the Public Works Department for about a year, but nothing has been done as yet. It was necessary also to open and close the roof-shutters by hand, as the opening mechanism had not been provided. Work on the latter was begun early in January, and as the necessary scaffolding interfered with the sky-view, the use of the instrument had then to be discontinued. The roof -shutters in the meridian circle room consist of nine sections; the two openings in the transit room are closed by shutters of six sections each. When the opening mechanism was being planned it was considered best to join these sections in groups of three, giving three independent shutters in the meridian circle room, and two for each opening in the transit room. The shutters will be controlled by counterpoised levers which can be operated by a winch on the wall. The mechanism for the middle shutter in the meridian circle room has been installed, and works satisfactorily. The original iron wall-shutters, six in all, have proved to be entirely useless, both because they do not exclude the snow and rain, and because they have become in some cases so warped that they will not open and close. One of them has been experimentally replaced by a wooden shutter which gives promise of satisfactory working. There are also many other details in the building which require alterations and repairs ; it is hoped that work will be pushed on them during the coming summer. When the scaffolding had been removed from the meridian circle room after the erection of the shutter mechanism, the instrument was overhauled and got ready for work. It was speedily discovered, however, that a decided shifting of the piers had taken place; the level error, which had previously been about 12 seconds of arc, had now increased to over three minutes; on examination the shifting was apparent to the eye in the uneven spacing between the piers and the floor on opposite sides, which had before been fairly uniform. The collimation axes of the collimators were also out of line by several minutes of arc, both in altitude and azimuth, showing a relative displacement of their piers. The main instrument piers had been tilted towards the west, that of the north collimator towards the north, while the shifting of the south collimator was not so evident, though no doubt considerable. It had been discovered a day or two previously that the two instrument piers and the two collimator piers in the transit room had been fractured in the basement; this was evidently due to upheaval of the bases, resulting in a lateral pressure against the concrete floor above; the latter, being reinforced by steel girders, had withstood the strain, and the piers had given way. The cause of the upheaval was traced to the action of frost; the meridian circle piers had apparently been saved from absolute fracture by the fact that they were surrounded to a certain height by loose earth ; the floor of the basement of the transit room was, on the other hand, of concrete. It will be necessary to reconstruct all seven piers, sinking their bases several feet further into the earth, to guard against a repetition of the upheaval. The approximate level error of the meridian circle is shown in Table III for a number of dates throughout the winter. 286 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 It is proposed during the coming summer to erect piers for azimuth marks north and south of the meridian circle. The primary marks will be fixed underground for stability, while on the piers will be movable marks, which can be set vertically over the underground ones by a process similar to that used at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. This, it is hoped, will furnish marks whose absolute stability can be relied on for considerable intervals, if not permanently. The collimating lenses for these marks, situated within the building, will also be movable, for adjust- ment over similar marks. An observing coueh has been designed, and the order has been placed for its con- struction. It will run on the same rails as the reversing carriage, and will comprise mechanism for quick setting in any desired position, combined with a slow motion for the final adjustment. A detailed description of the meridian circle, with all its accessories, is reserved until the equipment is completed, as a considerable part of the apparatus is as yet not installed, and in some cases indeed not yet definitely planned. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 287 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26a TABLE II. -ERRORS OF GRADUATED CIRCLES. Displacement. " Division Mark. Movable Circle. Fixed Circle. Clamp W. Clamp E. Clamp W. Clamp E. '01mm. '17 mm. '15 mm. 15 02 mm. 06 mm. 07 mm. 06 mm. 03 mm. 17 mm. 25 • 05 mm. 35 12 mm. 45 08 mm. 07 ram. ' — '06 mm. 55 01mm. 65 07 mm. 75 . — '12 mm. 85 ' 05 mm. — 18 mm. 95 — '22 mm. 105 ' 01 mm. — ■ 23 mm. 115 "01mm. 02 mm. ' 04 mm. — '23 mm. 125 01mm. — 16 mm. 135 — '10 mm. 145 155 02 mm. — 05 mm. 04 mm. 00 mm. 165 06 mm. 08 mm. 175 07 mm. ' 07 mm. 09 mm. 185 12 mm. 195 " 14 in in. 205 06 mm. '14 mm. 10 mm. — 02 mm. — 17 mm. 215 04 mm. 00 mm. -13 nun. 225 235 03 mm. 05 mm. 245 — 02 mm. 255 — 05 ram. — 09 mm. 265 — 08mm. 276 — 11mm. — 12 mm. — '20mm. 285 — 14 mm. — "18 mm. 295 — 10 mm. 305 — '15 mm. — 02 mm. 315 — 12 mm. — 07 mm. — 01mm. 04 mm. 325 — 10 mm. 09 mm. 335 '14 mm. 345 . — 04 mm. •16 mm. 355 TABLE III.-LEVEL ERROR OF MERIDIAN CIRCLE. Date. Level Error. Date. Level Error. December 12 13 — 3'6" — 3 4" — 26" —12-4" —10-4" —11 6" —11-3" January 5 „ 9 —11-3" — 9 0" 19 February 22 —3' 19" 21 March 8 —5' 17" 26 14 —5' 39" 28 ,. 22 „ 30 —5' 41" —5' 50" 25a— 23 288 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 SECTION IV. ERRORS OF TRANSIT OBSERVATIONS. An account was given in my last report of a series of observations undertaken as a comparison of the relative accuracy of transits with the key and with the transit micrometer. The comparison was based on an investigation of the discrepancies occurring between successive time determinations made on the same night by the same observer with the same instrument; it showed that after allowing for the systematic personal equation of the key observations, there was, as regards accuracy, very little to choose between the two methods of observation, and that consequently the ordinary explanation of these discrepancies (by the assumption of rapid fluctua- tions of personal equation) is probably in error, since presumably these fluctuations, if existent at all in micrometer observations, would be very much reduced, as is the personal equation itself. These conclusions were supported by the examination of such other micrometer observations at the Observatory as were available. It was added that this could not be taken as invalidating the claim of superiority for the transit micrometer, since it has never been disputed that personal equation, perhaps the greatest bugbear of transit observations, is at least very materially reduced by the use of the micrometer. It was pointed out, however, that the discrepancies common to both kinds of observations were much larger in comparison with the nominal probable errors obtained in the usual way, than should be the case. From an examination of nearly a hundred nights' work, the average discrepancy between two sets taken on the same night was found to be -039 sec, a value which was shown to be equivalent to a probable error of about -025 sec, while the average probable error as obtained from the residuals of the separate stars was -Oil sec This showed that, in addition to the irregular errors which show themselves as residuals, there must be some other source of error, systematic with respect to any one set, but varying from one set to another. It was suggested that this might be due to defective determinations of azimuth arising from ordinary accidental errors of observation of polars ; ' since only two polars were observed in each set, it would likely not infrequently happen that the errors in both these might be fairly large and of the same sign; this granted, the observed effect would follow. From the few suitable observations which were available at that time, it was shown that by observing several polars in a set, and selecting them in separate pairs for combination with the south stars, the results could be varied by quantities ranging up to -07 sec; this was taken as a provisional confirmation of the hypothesis. It may be stated here that this result has been fully confirmed by later and more extensive observations. If, then, the cause at which wc have arrived be the correct one, and assuming also that the portable instruments are fairly stable during the course of a single evening, we should expect that on those nights when the discrepancies are large they would be reduced if we could increase the precision of the azimuth determinations. This test has been applied in the following way: From all the observations examined previously, the ten nights were selected which showed the largest discrepancies. All the observations on each night were reduced together for a single value of azimuth and collimation; this value of the azimuth should evidently be better (if the instrument were stable) than either of the values previously applied in the reduction of the sets separately. Finally, a value of the clock correction was found from the south stars of each set separately, by applying this value of azimuth and collimation to all. The effect of this method of reduction is shown in Table IV. The second and third columns show the clock corrections as originally determined, and the discrepancies between the different determinations on the same night ; the fourth and fifth columns show the same quantities after employing the reduction mentioned. The discrepancies are materially reduced in every case, the reduction varying from 40 per cent to 86 per cent • the average of all is reduced to one-third of its former value. No more REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 289 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a unequivceal proof could, I imagine be found, that these discrepancies are for the most part due to defective determinations of azimuth, and that any method of observing- that can be devised to strengthen the azimuth will materially increase the average accuracy of time observations. As will be seen below, theory also supports the conclusion that the ordinary distribution of stars in a time set will not give the most satisfactory results. The simplest way to strengthen the azimuth determination would, of course, be to increase the proportion of polars observed, but unfortunately the number of polars in the standard catalogues is rather scant; it was thought possible, however, that by increasing the number of observations on each star a similar effect might be gained. It was for the purpose of experiments along this line that the special cut-out was attached to the micrometer made for Cooke Transit No. 1. Four revolutions of the. micrometer correspond to an equatorial interval of about 13 seconds; the time required for an observation of a star of 75° declination would thus be nearly a minute. There i- no doubt that any great extension of this time would result in undue fatigue of the eye, and tend to lessen the accuracy of at least the latter part of the observation; if, however, several observations of this duration are made, separated by about the same interval, this fatigue does not result, as was evident from some preliminary experiments. In addition, observations so taken would be inde- pendent in another way. since ample time would be allowed between observations for re-focussing, adjustment of illumination, &c. Also, the instrument could be reversed during the observation of each star, involving an elimination of collimation error, as well as a simplification of the computation. It was decided to make the observations in the following way: For polars, the observation began at 14 rev. from the centre of the field, continuing to 10 rev.; then after an interval of 4 rev. it was repeated from 6 rev. to 2 rev.; the instrument was then reversed and the observation completed over the same parts of the screw as before. For south stars, on account of their swifter motion, it was possible to observe only from 14 rev. to 10 rev., in order to allow sufficient time for reversal. The new micrometer was used for the first time on October 1, 1907. During the month of October, in connection with the longitude operations then in progress, two time-sets were taken on every clear night, each set consisting usually of three or four polars and from six to eight south star*. Throughout the winter it has been used whenever necessary for the determination of clock-error. On October 8, October 15 and October 30, observations of as many polar stars as possible (at either upper or lower culmination) were made in addition, in order to determine whether the probable error was materially reduced by the new process. Denoting the times of the four observations of any star (in the order made) by T„ T„, Ta and Tt, it is evident that any one of these is the equivalent of (or indeed is) an ordinary observation without reversal, affected bv errors both of azimuth and collimation ; also, the quantities r, + Tt T2 + T„ „ , . T, + T. + T, + Tt , — and— as well as their mean, ' (observations during a A 4 which the instrument rs, reversed), are unaffected by collimation error. Hence, from the same series of observations (thus eliminating uncertainties arising from differences of seeing- or other variations of conditions) we can obtain the required comparison of simple and reversed observations, as well as of the advantage gained by increasing the number of observations in each position of the instrument. The computations were made in the following way: In the first place, the mean of the four observations on each star was taken as the time of transit of that star; after applying corrections for level, pivot inequalities. &c., the observations were combined by least squares in the usual way for azimuth and clock error. The residuals were formed and examined for progressive change, denoting change of azimuth during the night; the most probable value of the rate of change (assumed constant) was com- puted by least squares, and applied as a correction to the original azimuth. This quantity (now a function of the time) was adopted as the definitive azimuth for the 25a— 23i 290 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 night, and the residuals were reformed (see column i\, Tables V, VI and VII). Next. T + T T + T the observations were grouped in the sense — 5— '• — *— — -' and these quantities were considered as distinct observations. The residuals were formed as before, using the same value of azimuth (column t'2). Finally, the observations were grouped in rp i rp rp , rp the sense ' - — 2, — — 5 — -■ In this case there are two values of collimation, the one to be used for any particular star depending on the direction of motion of the star and on the position of the instrument at the beginning of the observation — that is, on the particular half of the screw used for the observation of that star. A pre- liminary collimation correction of 25"-850 sec. 8 was applied to all the observations; here the exact value of S for the particular day in question was required, since the coefficient of sec. 8 was large; when the collimation is small an approximate value is sufficient. In the case of only one or two stars was a correction for curvature of path required; in those cases it was incorporated in the preliminary collimation correction. It was necessary also to apply the separate values of pivot inequality for Clamp West and Clamp East. It may be mentioned here that, the pivots of Cooke Transit No. 1 being somewhat irregular, a special series of observations was conducted to determine the irregularities at different zenith distances; a curve was plotted and the proper correction applied throughout to each star, depending on its zenith distance. After the preliminary collimation correction and the azimuth and clock corrections had been applied, the resulting equations were solved for the two values of collimation and the residuals were formed. As in the case of azimuth, the rate of change of collimation was computed from the residuals and applied; the residuals were then reformed (column «,). The results of this computation are shown in Tables V, VI and VII. The quantities denoted by the symbols are as follows : — lx = a -+ ' * T' + T'— Bb - -01 sec. 8- AT- aberration. T + T I. = a - * '-Bb- -01 sec. 8 - AT - aberration. T + T and a- — ^ — '- Bb - -01 sec. 8 - AT - aberration. 25-850 sec. 8 - Bb' - -01 sec. 8 - AT - aberration. and a - "' I ^'±z 25-850 sec. 8 - Bb' - -01 sec. 8 - AT - aberration. 2 vl = lt - Aa v, = I, - Aa v, = 1, - Aa - Cc 2 T, + T, '2 ~*~ T, + *., A = sin - 8 sec. 8 B = cos (f> - 8 sec. 8 C = ± sec. 8 AT = clock correction. a = azimuth error. b = level error. c = collimation error. r »-i fi = — = square of ' mean square ' error of a single observation. The correc- 11 — y tion -01 sec. 8 is for the width of the contact strips on the micrometer head; the chronograph is actuated as soon as the edge of the brush touches the edge of the contact strip, that is, slightly before the position of symmetry is reached; the result REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 291 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a is a collimation effect, which, however, does not change sign when the instrument is reversed. If /x„ fi.,, /is represent the mean square errors corresponding to the sets of residuals vu v„, vz, and if p,, p2, p, denote respectively the weights of a simple observa- tion, an observation by reversal, and an observation combined from four simple 'O it P it observations as above, we have evidently — =-^i, — —— a; these ratios are measures Pi Mi P* Mi respectively of the advantage to be gained by simple reversal and of the additional advantage to be gained by doubling the number of observations in each position of the instrument. The values of p', fi', &c., with their means, are collected in Table VIII. The weight of an observation is increased by two-thirds by reversal, while the additional advantage gained by increasing observations in the same position is only 16 per cent. We may conclude that the principle of reversal is well worth adopting, but that in general one observation in each position of the instrument is sufficient. p v For October 15 the values of — and — are considerably larger than for the other Pi P> dates ; as the weather on that night was hazy and the seeing poor this may be taken as an indication that under such conditions it might be worth while to take the full four observations if convenient. The above values apply strictly, of course, only to stars of about the declination considered (about 70° to 80°) ; we might expect, however, that reversal would be of about equal benefit for all stars. We may test this hypothesis, though in a less rigorous way, by examining the mean square error shown for south stars during the observations in October, and comparing it with that shown in observations taken in the ordinary way. From the nineteen sets taken during that time the average value of fx1 is -00187; the separate values vary very considerably, as is to be expected from the small number of stars in a set (usually six to eight) ; the average value of the same quantity during the observations in December, 1906, and January, 1907, (practically the only other observations made by the writer with the transit micro- P meter) is -00324. The ratio of these two quantities, corresponding to — - , is 1-73, P, practically the same value as obtained above for polar stars. We may take it, then, as established that there is a gain of roughly two-thirds for all stars in making observations by reversal, and there will be a corresponding gain in the accuracy of the azimuth determination.* It may be of interest now to inquire into the proper theoretical grouping of the component stars of a set, to see what influence changes in the grouping will have on the magnitude of errors. From each simple observation we obtain an observation equation of the form Cc+Aa+AT=l where I is the clock error uncorrected for azimuth and collimation. Combining the observation equations we get the three normal equations [pCa] -c + [pAC-\.a + [p 01 ■ AT = [p O I]] [pACI-c + [p A2] -a + [pA]- AT = [PAm (1) [pC] -C +[pA] -a + [p] ■AT=[plll J where p is the weight of any observation equation (p being considered unity for an equatorial star). So far as the value of A T is concerned, these reduce to •The method of observation by reversal has been practised for some years by the Prussian Geodetic Institute. 292 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 W. AT = L (2) /r„ 41 _ [PJC] [pg]\' WherC " = [P] " [^] - " - IfACf (3) / biCHpC]\/ [MC] [pci\ , r n [PC] ip en V ' fr^-X[giiq"" "FQT-; ... L = [p']^ "T^cT „,., [pAcr <4) If r0 be the probable error of an observation on an equatorial star, and rL that of L, it may be shown that r, = \/JF- r„.* Hence r Am - — — • r0 (5) that is, W is the weight of the computed clock correction. The problem then reduces to that of finding the distribution of stars which will make TV a maximum. If, without altering the values of [p], [pi] and [pi1], we can make [pC] = o and [p A C\ = o, the value of W will be increased. For in (3), [p] will be unaltered, while / _ [PAP} [pC]V [pcy VLP J [pc-] ) ... , t [p4]' Mn + rp ,, [P^or wlU reduce t0 PT ■ which is a smaller quantity, as may be shown by direct subtraction, remembering that [p A'] - - — * ; is positive, which may be easily proved. [P C ] In order to prove that it is always possible to satisfy this ' collimation condition ' without altering the values of [p], [pi] and [p.4:]. it becomes necessary to make some assumption as to the relation between p and the declination. Assuming that the accidental error of an observation arises from two independent sources, one being the error of setting on a motionless star, the other that due to the star's motion, and proportional to its velocity, we shall have, if r is the probable error in time r2 = « + m=2 cos' 8) sec1 8 = (1 + a tan* 8) r0* (6) If p be taken as unity for an equatorial star, this gives _ __£ (i) P ~ 1 + a2 tan2 8 > Sine A = sin - cos tan 8. we have [p A] = sin [p] - cos 0 [p tan 8] (8) [p A2] = sin2 $ [p] - 2 sin <£ cos [p tan 8] + cos2 <£ [p tan' 8] or, from (7) and (8) [pi2] = 2 sin* [pi] +^S/ (»P- M) (9) a -* where n is the number of stars, and P the value of p for a zenith star. Hence if [p] and [p 4] are constant, [p A2] is also constant. Now for any combination of four stars, we may fulfil the collimation condition by pairing them, the stars in either pair being of the same declination, but in opposite clamps. In order that [p] and [p A], and, therefore, [p.l3]. may remain unchanged, we must also have, if 8X and 8y be the new declinations, P* + P>- = i [P] px Ax + p, Ay = i [pA] • See Johnson— Theory of Errors and Method of Least Squares. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 293 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a or, transforming with the help of (7) and (8) Px + Py = i [p] "l ,— — ,- — : a r . „A (10) VPx - Px + Vpy - Py =-=- [P tan o] j The necessary condition that such a re-arrangement is possible, is that the values of pK and py obtained from (10) shall be real and positive. It is fulfilled provided 4 [P] > [P]3 + a [p tan BY, the truth of which follows from the fact that [P] = [Ps (1 + a' tan' 8)] = [p!] + a' [p' tan' 8] and the general principle that n (a,1 + a' + + aa') > (a1 + a. + . . . . + a„)'. By repeating the above operation with the remaining stars, four at a time (using, if necessary, one of the pairs a second time to complete the last group of four), we arrive at the result that for any set containing an even number of stars, whatever the original distribution, we may so change that distribution as to make [p C~\ = o and [p A C\ = o, without altering [p], [p A] or [pi1]. As has been shown above, this condition will increase the value of W. If it be fulfilled, (3) reduces to "-M-g^ / that is, IPAJ =o... „ (12) or [Pi] = , p°S. * ([P] ~nP) '.(13) a r sm according as [p] ^ n P. This amounts to saying that [p A] must be zero if con- sistent with the condition that [p] i-emain unchanged; otherwise it must have the value given by (13). It may be remarked, in passing, that this is not its smallest possible value; the latter would involve p, = p, = ps = &c. > P; that is, all the stars would be of the same declination, and all south of the zenith, a condition which, of course, would not be permissible. If [p] < n P, (11) reduces to W = [p], and now finally proceeding to vary [p], yet still observing the condition (12), we may increase W by increasing [p] up to the value n P. If [p] > n P, by applying (13), (9), and the relation 1 + 1 P a tan' 4> = — , (11) becomes If = (n - [p] ) . Evidently in this case W increases as [p] decreases till the latter reaches the value n P, in which case it is again equal to n P, while (13) now coincides with (12). Hence, finally, the conditions for maximum efficiency are [PC] = o [pAC\ = o [p A] =o [P] = n P j They correspond to the case in which all stars are observed exactly in the zenith, an equal number in the two positions of the instrument. Now this is a condition which it is obviously impossible to fulfil exactly in actual practice, and it becomes a question of experience whether, on account of the physical inconvenience of observing zenith stars, it can be even approximately fulfilled except • (14) 294 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 with a transit of the ' broken ' type. Consequently, dismissing the collimation condition as indicating that the two ' clamps ' should be roughly coincident, or, better still, that all observations should be made by reversal, it becomes of interest to inquire how much deviations from the other condition will affect the accuracy of the result. This is a problem which does not by any means yield readily to general treatment, but by imagining the set broken up into two groups, one north and the other south of the zenith, the stars of each group being all of the same declination, the problem is somewhat simplified. This will not involve any great departure from the actual conditions, since though the groups are usually spread over a considerable interval in declination, the distance between the groups is in general considerably greater. If we have n south stars at declination 8 and ri north stars at declination X, and if we suppose the collimation condition to have been fulfilled, (11) will reduce to w _ nn^ p p' (A - A'Y (15) n p A' + ri p' A'2 Supposing the whole number of stars in the set, n + ri = N, to be fixed, and supposing 8 and S7 also fixed, we may find the best distribution, i.e., the best values of n and ri, by differentiating (15) with respect to n and ri and introducing the condition dn + dri = o. This gives the condition ripA2 = ri2 p' A" (16) Introducing this condition in (15) and eliminating n and ri we cet W = PP (A - A'y . N • (17) WpA2 + y/p'A'r the surd quantities being taken with the positive sign. This value of W is the maximum that can be obtained from N stars grouped at declinations 8 and 8'. If new we differentiate (17) with respect to 8, and substitute the values of p, p', A and A' in terms of 8 and S', we get i 1_ cLW 2 p' p' (A - A') ( (1 + a2 tan8 tan 8') \/An + \ dA N dS ~ (y/p~T' + y/riA^Y \ V(l + a tan3 8) (1 + a tan2 SO ■ A' j d 8 Now p, p' and A are positive, while'''- is negative; also it may be easily shown that a 8 the quantity in the large brackets is of the same sign as A' (that is, negative when 8' d W is less than 90°, positive when greater). Hence -=-— is positive. In like manner, u o d W differentiating (17) with respect to 8', it may be shown that j-;- is negative. Hence W is increased either by increasing 8 or decreasing S7, that is, by diminishing the zenith distance of either north or south stars, or both, provided the ratio — be at the n same time so varied as to satisfy (16). This conclusion includes the case of north stars at lower culmination. The best set, then, can be obtained by the use of stars, both north and south, as near to the zenith as they can comfortably be observed. We have yet to consider, however, whether there are any practical considerations, such as the number of stars obtainable at different declinations, which will interfere with the adoption of this principle. To get a clearer idea of the amount of variation in precision corresponding to variations in declination, we may compute W and also n and ri, for special values of 8 and 8'. To do this we must, however, make an assumption as to the value of a* in (7), whiph can be obtained only by observation. It has been computed from the results of several years' observations by the Prussian Geodetic Institute,* com- • See ' Test of a Transit Micrometer,' U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Report, 1904. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 295 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a prising the work of several observers; the values for different years and for different observers vary from -11 to -44, the mean value being .21. Some data from which its value may be computed are also given by a test of the transit-micrometer of the Meridian Circle at Munich ;\ the approximate value in this case is -26. From some tests made by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, they came to the con- clusion that ' the total error for a star is nearly the same for stars of all declinations, if expressed in angular measure. This is what should be expected if the errors concerned are of the same nature as if the object pointed upon were stationary instead of being a moving star.'* This would correspond to the value unity for a- It may be remarked that the value of a probably varies considerably with the instrumental conditions, such as speed of driving heads, magnifying power, definition of image, &c. Eegarding the first point the matter is put very well in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey report* as follows : ' If the speed of the driving heads is made very great, the observer will have difficulty in making the moving line keep up with the moving star-image, and this difficulty will be greater for the fast-moving equatorial stars than for others. The errors of bisection expressed in angular measure should be considerably greater for equatorial stars than for slow-moving stars under these conditions. If the speed of the driving heads is made very small, there will be no difficulty in keeping up with any star. A given error in the position of the driving heads at any instant will produce, however, a much larger displacement of the movable line in the field of view than when the driving heads are geared to move much more rapidly. The consequent difficulty in placing the movable line in a desired position will tend to produce errors of bisection of about the same magnitude expressed in angular measure for all declinations, and the size of the errors will tend to increase as the speed of the driving heads is made slower.' These changes in conditions would correspond to a change in the value of a. Again, in obtaining the formula for p, no account was taken of the magnification employed. An increase in the magnification (up to certain limits) might be expected to diminish m, in (6), that is, to increase the accuracy of setting on a stationary point; on the other hand, the tendency would be for m2, the error depending on the star's motion, to be relatively unaffected; for while from one cause it would tend to be reduced in the same ratio as mv the increase in magnification would increase the star's apparent velocity, and so by hypothesis increase m„; these two tendencies would more or less balance each other, and we should have m„ nearly constant, while m, m' would vary inversely as the magnification. As a2 = — =—5 j, a would decrease with m* + m' increase of magnification. From these considerations it would seem best to adopt for the present purpose the value of a given by observations with the same type of instrument which we are considering, namely, the Cooke transit. From the values of ^ given in Table VllI, together with the value jx = -00187 for stars about declination 22°, we obtain for a the values -56, .44 and -40, the mean being -47, or roughly one-half. This value has been used in the computations below. We, of course, have no definite proof that the variations of p follow the law we have assumed (that :s, that o is constant for all declinations), but at least this assumption can not lead us far astray if the declinations we consider do not depart too far from those from which our value of a was deduced. In Table IX are shown the maximum weights, as computed from (17), of sets of twelve stars observed at the latitude of Ottawa (45° 24'), for different values of 8 and 8 '; also the values of n as computed from (16). The unit of weight has in this case been taken as an observation on a single zenith star. The values for 90° t Astronomische Nachrichten, No. 3942-3, Band 165. • See ' Test of a Transit Micrometer,' U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Report, 1904. 296 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 have been added simply to show the tendency as 8" is increased beyond 80°. The desideratum is to so choose S and 8' that the value of TV may be as high as possible without unduly increasing ri, since stars are relatively much scarcer north than south of the zenith. By increasing 8. ri is markedly decreased, while IF is increased; hence for both reasons, but more especially the former, the south stars should be observed as near the zenith as practicable. It is probably unwise to observe any stars of less zenith distance than seven or eight degrees, because the free use of the micrometer heads is interfered with by the standards of the telescope. In actual practice, in order to get a sufficient number of stars in a reasonable time, this will involve a mean value of zenith distance not less than 20°. In the case of north stars (see Table IX) a decrease in 8', while it increases T7, also increases ri in a much greater ratio; on the other hand, the number of stars available in the Berliner Jahrbuch is about the same between declinations 70° and 80° as between 60° and 70°. Hence, instead of choosing 65° (a zenith distance of 20°) as the mean declination of polars, it will be better to choose 75°, as this will not involve a great decrease in W, while it will permit us to observe nearly the proper ratio of polars in the set. For 8= 25° and 8' = 75° we get ri = 4-2; that is, the best results for these declinations are got by observing in the ratio of about one north star to two south stars, instead of one to five or six as has been usually done. We might still further lower ri with- out very materially decreasing W by increasing 8' beyond 75°, but, in addition to the fact that the difficulties of observing with the micrometer are greatly increased for stars much beyond 80° declination, the number of stars available decreases more rapidly than ri ; consequently, the best declination for polars is probably from 70° to 82° or 83°. Tables X and XI show the weights, computed by formula (15), of sets of twelve stars for the same declinations as above, the numbers of polars being respectively two and four. An inspection of the corresponding weights in both tables shows that the advantage gained by increasing the number of polars is very considerable. Tables XII, XIII and XIV are the same as the three preceding ones, except that they are computed for latitude 35°. Tables XV, XVI and XVII are computed for latitude 55°. The similarity in the weights (for equal zenith distances) in all three sets of tables shows that the same general conclusions hold also for those latitudes and for intermediate ones. In Table XVIII are collected the weights for a few typical sets, showing the advantages to be gained by decreasing the zenith distance of the south stars, by increasing the relative number of polars, and by reversing during each observation. In the case of the sets observed by reversal the weights obtained by formula (15) have been increased by two-thirds, iu accordance with the results arrived at above. In all cases the weights given by the formula have been multiplied by (1 + a tan* <£), in order to make the unit a zenith star. It is, of course, to be remembered that in all that precedes, the only errors taken account of have been those inherent in the actual observation; it has been tacitly assumed, for instance, that the adopted correction for level, as applied to any one set taken as a whole, does not differ appreciably from its true value, that the collima- tion of the instrument does not change with variations in position, that anomalous changes in refraction do not affect the result, that the residual pivot errors are negligible, &c. Though none of these assumptions is strictly true, the actual evidence shows that these errors are overbalanced by the errors arising from defective azimuth determinations, i.e., by relatively insufficient observations of northern stars; con- sequently, the introduction of the consideration of relatively insignificant errors would tend to alter merely the relative and absolute values of the theoretical weights, but not their sequence. We must not expect, then, to gain the whole advantage shown by the differences in the weights in Table XVIII, but of some advantage, and probably a very considerable one, we may be assured. REPORT OP 'I III-: CHIEF ASTRONOMER 297 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a There is a method of taking time observations which has not been considered. We might obtain a strong azimuth determination by observing north stars, some at upper and some at lower culmination; this value of the azimuth applied to the south stars would give trie clock error. In some observations taken to test this method there was, however, an indication of a systematic difference between azimuths so determined and those derived from a combination of north and south stars. Even if this were the case, it would make little difference, provided the same method were always adhered to; however, in a set containing polars at upper and at lower culmina- tion it is necessary to observe in three distinct parts of the sky, and to any one who has struggled with clouds on a broken night it will be readily apparent that this might not always be feasible. There is still another matter to be considered. We have considered as mutually exclusive the two alternatives of observing polars between declinations 60° and 70°, or between 70° and 80°. We might, however, distribute the polars between 60° and 80° ; this would involve (for the best results) an additional increase in the number of polars observed, but this would be more than compensated for (so far as scarcity of polars is concerned) by the additional number available. In making the computa- tions it has always been the custom here to give all observations equal weights, and so far as the value of AT is concerned this is perfectly legitimate, provided the pilars are not spread over a wide range of declination; if this condition is fulfilled the value obtained for AT will be practically the same whatever system of weights be employed, but if not, we can not get a correct result without weighting the observa- tions for different declinations. Whether the advantage to be gained by opening a wider range of declination for polars is more than sufficient to compensate for the increased labour of computation involved by weighting the observations, is a matter t:i be decided by experience. The question is whether under actual working condi- tions it will be possible always to obtain a sufficient percentage of stars between 70° and 80°; if not we may have recourse to the other expedient. So far as concerns actual results of observation, on which to base an estimate of the improvement attainable, they are as yet naturally rather meagre. No time ha- been available for a test along these lines, further than that furnished by the regular observations, nor was it considered advisable to make special observations for that purpose, as a thorough test will be available from the longitude work during the coming summer. Enough knowledge has been gained, however, to show that the method of observation is perfectly feasible, and so far as the possibility of a com- parison goes, the improvement in accuracy seems decided. On nine nights during October last, two time sets were taken in connection with the longitude work then in progress. The average discordance between two sets on the same night was -019 see. ; the largest being 042 sec. ; the average discordance obtained previously (as mentioned above) was just double this. Theoretically these quantities should be proportional to the probable errors; it is hardly likely, however, that the average from a larger number of nights would be so small as -019 sec, since this would mean a four-fold increase in the weight of a set. Contrary to what might be expected, there is very little additional labour involved in the observation of a set by the new method. The scaling is considerably increased, but the computation is very much simplified; even if a system of weighting should have to be adopted the computation would still be on the whole rather simpler. It may be added that the observers here are all in accordance with the writer as to the necessity for an improvement in the methods of observation, and as to the efficiency of the remedy proposed. Conclusions. A time set should consist of a certain number of south stars, combined with a suitable number of polars at upper culmination (except in high latitudes, when it would be necessary to use stars culminating below the pole, which should be at 298 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 declinations as high as feasible). The south stars should be selected as near the zenith as they can comfortably be observed; the north stars, provided a suitable number can be obtained, should lie between declinations 70° and 82° or 83°; otherwise the southern limit may be extended to perhaps 60°. The distribution of north and south stars, provided the north stars be above 70°, should be roughly one north star to two south stars; if north stars be observed at lower declinations their number should be increased. This is on the assumption that the mean zenith distance of the south stars is about 20°. If the instrument used is such that this zenith distance can be materially lessened the above ratio of north stars may be somewhat decreased; an approximation to its value can be obtained from Table IX. The instrument should be reversed during the observation of all stars. When the declinations of the polars are above 70°, it is permissible in the com- putation to give all observations equal weight ; if, however, the north stars are spread over a greater interval in declination, it will be necessary to weight the observations according to the declinations. TABLE IV.-REDUCTIOX BY SEPARATE AND BY MEAN AZIMUTHS. Date. Aug. 17. 1905 Aug. 25, 190~> Sept. 8, l'"'~ Apr. 2, 1900 Junf 19, 1906 July 6, 1906 . July 9, 1906.. July 19, 1906 . Dec. 17, 1906 Dec. 19, 1906 Mean Discordance. 3 589 3486 3 501 3 403 3437 3 433 3352 -14 217 -14 1<>!) -28S71 -28 654 - 0 240 - 0 353 - 0 471 - 0 567 - 1-228 - 1-329 - 2 704 - 2601 - 3- 182 - 3 053 103 09S 081 108 083 113 •096 101 103 129 102 3 527 3 480 3 478 3-429 3:425 3 405 3 376 -14 1S3 -14156 -28 591 -28 628 - 0 298 - 0 314 - 0 512 - 0 526 - 1 254 - 1268 - 2 635 - 2 659 - 3 154 - 3077 047 053 029 027 037 016 014 014 024 077 034 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 299 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a TABLE V. -TRANSIT OBSERVATIONS, OCTOBER 8, 1907. Star. a h. m. S 1 I, ', Aa Cc v i >■". V 3 502* 20 12 77 26 1 40 137 2 46 1 31 93 09 06 22 1 43 35 1 31 — 93 12 — 03 510* 21 07 77 45 1 43 1 39 2 30 1 34 !Hi 09 05 00 1 47 55 1 34 — 96 13 17 516 21 41 70 53 63 55 71 1 03 29 69 69 — 74 74 | 06 -• 14 02 — 02 14 521 22 08 71 53 71 74 68 1 07 36 75 75 — 80 - 80 i 04 — 01 07 - 12 19 525* 22 34 73 10 87 89 85 1 69 06 SI 84 73 ! 73 03 05 1 01 — 12 05 529 23 05 74 53 1 23 1 1 18 28 2 08 38 98 98 — 96 96 25 20 30 06 44 334 23 36 77 07 1 46 1 50 43 1 21 -1 13 25 29 35 1 42 2 50 1 21 1 13 21 16 440* 12 00 77 25 —1 87 —1 88 — 99 —1 98 1 00 11 10 - 01 —1 86 2 75 —1 98 —1 00 12 23 338* 0 11 76 26 96 97 1 99 1 13 92 - 17 - 16 — 06 95 — 07 1 13 _ 92 — 18 — 28 171 12 29 70 18 -1 32 —1 -1 28 36 —2 04 61 —1 —1 36 36 — 76 76 04 08 IK) 08 01 340 0 40 74 29 72 68 76 1 26 70 92 92 — 96 — 96 20 — 24 — 16 — 22 18 345 1 04 79 11 1 41 1 41 03 1 49 — 1 38 — 08 — 08 — 08 1 41 2 80 1 49 1 38 — 08 — 07 452 13 24 72 52 -I 52 —1 53 -2 38 —1 50 — 8S — 02 - 03 00 —1 51 — 67 —1 50 88 — 01 — 05 347 1 31 72 34 70 68 72 1 27 67 76 76 — 87 - 87 06 - 08 — 04 16 04 31* 1 56 71 58 69 66 72 1 52 14 72 72 73 — 73 03 06 00 — 07 13 459* 14 09 77 59 -196 —1 89 — 92 -1 99 1 08 03 10 — 01 —2 03 -3 00 —1 9:1 -1 08 — 04 07 38 2 29 72 25 •87 92 82 1 02 75 74 71 — 87 87 13 18 08 11 14 198, 14 51 74 32 -1 76 —1 83 —2 64 -1 61 — 99 — 15 — 22 — 04 —1 69 — 83 -1 61 99 — 08 — 26 360 3 09 77 24 1 16 1 19 — 11 1 19 -1 22 i — 03 00 — 08 1 13 2 43 1 19 1 22 — 06 02 203 15 21 72 10 — 1 48 -1 48 -2 40 —1 42 — 87 - 06 - 06 — 11 -1 48 — 56 —1 42 87 — 06 — 01 472* 16 13 76 07 —1 70 -1 72 — 77 —1 72 97 02 00 — 02 — I 68 -2 63 -1 72 — 97 04 06 474 16 20 75 58 -175 —1 80 —2 83 —1 70 -1 12 — 05 — 10 — 01 — 170 -67 -1 70 1 12 00 — 09 m -2f 189 « >26 9i 58 0i 155 M2 01 44 0 !46 a = — ■508' c = — 219' c = — ■257" + 00623 (T — 0'7k). — 00392 (7" — 0'7h) for stars marked (*). — ■ 00392 ( T — 0 7h) for other stars. 300 DBPAItTUEXT <>1 THE IXTERIUR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TABLE VI. -TRANSIT OBSERVATIONS, OCT. 15, 1907. Star. a. S I, I* U 4 a Cc !' '■ » i h. m. 510 21 07 77 45 1 46 1 42 •59 139 94 07 03 14 I 50 2 33 1 39 94 11 00 308 21 28 70 10 73 67 79 1 08 39 •67 ■67 60 60 06 00 12 01 12 516 21 41 70 53 70 64 76 1 01 38 71 •71 02 - 62 01 07 - 05 08 05 521* 22 08 71 53 74 77 71 1 40 09 ■75 7:. 60 — 00 ri 02 04 — 05 06 525* 22 34 73 10 •86 78 91 1 51 21 84 84 05 65 02 06 10 02 02 529* 23 05 74 53 1 12 1 1 11 13 1 84 40 97 97 72 72 15 14 16 15 15 334* 23 36 77 07 127 1 1 30 24 2 15 40 1 19 119 85 85 08 11 05 11 06 440 12 00 77 25 —2 00 2 00 —2 84 1 91 95 08 09 02 —2 00 ■% 16 - 1 91 95 — 09 20 171* 12 29 70 18 -137 -1 37 — 94 -1 30 56 — 07 07 - 2n -1 37 1 81 -1 30 56 — 07 05 340* 0 40 74 29 •93 96 90 1 71 15 89 89 71 71 04 07 il 03 345* I 04 79 11 161 1 1 69 53 2 60 55 1 41 | 1 T41 ! — 1 92 02 20 28 12 23 16 452 13 24 72 52 — 1 41 —1 47 —2 10 -141 71 00 — 06 02 —1 35 — 72 — 1 41 71 06 02 347 1 31 72 34 ■67 68 — 12 72 70 05 04 it 66 1 47 72 70 — 06 05 31* 1 56 71 58 •55 54 1 26 - 67 62 12 13 03 56 — 16 67 62 — 11 - 21 459* 14 09 77 59 -197 —1 86 —1 10 -184 93 13 — 02 19 -2 08 -2 84 — 1 84 93 — 24 07 38 2 29 72 25 71 71 71 1 07 49 68 68 70 70 03 03 03 05 11 198 14 51 74 32 —1-78 —1 79 _2 49 -146 79 32 — 33 24 —1 77 -I 06 -1 46 79 — 31 39 360* 3 09 77 24 105 1 05 2 11 1 07 S9 02 02 15 1 05 — 01 107 89 — 02 19 203* 15 21 72 10 -127 -1 30 — 75 -1 27 04 00 03 12 —1 24 —1 80 -1 27 01 03 11 364 3 41 71 03 •59 GO 58 1 15 34 ■58 ■58 65 65 01 02 — 00 'IS 11 217 15 47 78 05 -171 — 1 69 -2 60 —174 — 1 03 03 05 17 —1 73 — 82 -174 1 03 01 11 472* 16 13 76 07 -150 —1 42 — 76 — 1 50 82 00 08 08 -1 58 —2 24 -150 82 — 08 08 474 16 20 75 58 -157 —1 57 -2 37 —148 S8 - 09 09 01 —1 57 — 77 —1-48 88 — 09 - 17 369 4 36 75 40 86 93 — 16 •86 87 00 07 15 79 1 88 ■86 87 — 07 15 235 16 55 82 12 -2 35 -2 14 —3 82 -2 44 -1 58 09 30 20 —2 56 — 88 -2 44 1 58 — 12 - 02 373 5 07 79 07 1'27 1 37 • 02 121 — 1 14 00 16 05 1 17 2 52 1 21 1 14 >09 7 04 02 • 9 17 f"2] 21 ~1 >14 V? 105 0 43 0 92 < = - 471 • 4- -01726 ( r-i-51'). < = - 193 • - 00175 ( r-i-w-jfo r stars marked (' | t = - '209 ■ -001 75 ( T 1-5 '! fo r other stars. REPORT OF Till-: CHIEF ASTRONOMER 301 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a TABLE VH. -TRANSIT OBSERVATIONS, OCT. 30, 1907. Star. a 5 I, /, 1, An ( V v '' i '• 3 h. m. ' ■ 308* 21 27 70 10 2 66 2 62 1-83 271 — .84 05 — 09 - 04 2 70 3 49 2 71 84 — 01 - 06 516 21 41 70 53 2 90 2 94 3 79 2 89 82 01 05 08 2 86 2 01 2 89 — 82 — 03 - 06 521* 22 08 71 53 329 3 27 2 33 3 15 — 91 14 12 09 3 31 4 25 3 15 91 16 19 525* 22 34 73 10 352 3 50 2 58 3 54 — 98 — 02 — 04 02 3 54 4 46 3 54 98 00 — 06 529 23 05 74 54 4 22 1 17 5 17 4 15 1 04 07 02 — 02 4 27 3 28 4 15 -1 04 12 17 334* 23 36 77 07 5 44 5 48 4 20 5 18 —I 28 26 30 30 5 Hi 6 68 5 18 1 28 22 22 338* 0 11 76 26 4-87 4 si 3 64 4 80 -1 23 07 04 07 4 00 fi 11 4 80 1 23 10 08 171 12 29 70 18 -5 91 -5 9S -5 11 —5 82 81 — 09 — 14 - in —5 86 -6 72 —5 82 — 81 — 04 — 09 340 0 40 74 29 3 81 3 si; 4 85 3 98 1 02 17 — 12 — 15 3 76 2 78 3 98 —1 02 — 22 — is 345* 1 04 79 11 652 6 47 5 06 6 47 —1 .-.) 05 00 13 6 57 7 98 6 47 1 54 10 — 03 452 13 24 72 52 —6 53 —6 53 —5 58 -6 51 94 - 02 — 02 — 01 _6 53 — 7 43. -6 51 — 94 — 02 — 03 347 1 31 72 34 323 3 21 4 13 3 32 92 — 09 — 11 11 3 25 2 33 3 32 — 92 — 07 - 07 31* 1 56 71 58 313 3 15 2 35 3 16 — 94 03 — 01 13 3 11 3 90 3 16 94 — 05 — 2U 459* 14 09 77 59 —8 80 _8 7S — 10 20 -8 72 —1 39 — 08 — 06 — Oil -8 82 -7 40 —8 72 1 39 — 10 — 07 38 2 29 72 25 336 3 39 4 23 3 26 91 10 13 06 3 33 2 49 3 26 — 91 07 14 198 14 51 74 32 -7 14 -7 20 —6 02 -7 05 1 05 — 09 — 15 — 02 —7 us —8 27 -7 05 -1 05 — 03 — 17 360 3 09 j 7 24 521 5 17 6 37 5 28 1 27 - 07 - 11 18 5 25 4 06 5 28 —1 27 — 03 05 203 15 21 72 10 —6 31 —6 30 —5 37 —6 25 91 06 — 05 03 —6 32 —7 25 —6 25 91 — 07 — Oil 364* 3 11 71 03 2 95 2 ill 2 15 2 89 — 90 06 02 16 2 99 3 75 2 89 90 10 — 04 217* 15 47 78 05 —8 84 —8 80 —10 39 —8 74 —1 41 — 10 — 06 24 —8 88 —7 28 -8 74 1 41 — 14 05 .472 16 13 76 07 —T 64 —7 66 —6 36 -7 67 1 17 03 01 14 — 7 62 -8 93 — 7 67 —1 17 05 — 09 474* 16 20 75 58 —765 — 7 60 -8 95 —7 61 —1 21 — 04 01 — 13 -7 To —6 34 —7 61 1 21 — 09 06 369* 4 36 75 46 4'32 4 36 3 21 4 45 -1 20 — 13 - 09 — 04 4 28 5 43 4 45 1 20 — 17 22 235* 16 55 82 12 —12 62 —12 69 —14 87 -12 81 2 17 19 12 11 -12 55 —10 38 —12 81 2 17 26 26 373* 5 07 79 07 6 37 6 34 4 86 6 38 —1 57 - 01 — 04 05 6 40 7 ss 6 38 1 57 02 — 07 92* 5 27 74 59 4 31 4 34 3 in 4 13 —1 14 18 211 20 428 543 413 1 14 15 16 («2) -2i 35 '6< 36 81 29 -01 57 /*» 01 18 01 78 a — -2 182" + 00591 c = •290> - 00169 c = •276' - 00169 (r-i-8h) (Z*- l-8h) for stars marked (*). (T— l'8h) for other stars. 302 DBPARTXEST OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TABLE VIII.-RELATIVE WEIGHTS OF SIMPLE AND REVERSED OBSERVATIONS. Date. »1 4 "* Pi Pi P« October 8 0144 0105 0118 0158 0143 0129 0246 0192 0178 1 71 183 151 1 10 1 36 1 09 October 30 Means 0123 0143 0205 1 67 116 TABLE IX.-MAXIMUM WEIGHTS OF SETS OF 12 STARS FOR LATITUDE 45° 24' S=0° «=10° S =20° 5=30° W n W n W n Ti- n' «'-G0° 10 1 8-8 75 6 2 83 67 57 5 0 10 5 94 82 71 7-8 61 51 4 4 109 100 91 82 70 53 43 37 ll -3 107 10- 1 9 4 57 41 32 27 5'-70° S'-80° «'-90° TABLE X -WEIGHTS OF SETS OF 10 SOUTH AND 2 NORTH STARS FOR LATITUDE 45° 24' — 5 = 0° 5 = 10° 8=20° a=3o° 5'=60° 6"=70° 3 4 41 4 4 4 2 3 9 51 56 55 4 9 65 72 7-1 6 8 8 8 S'=80° 9 5 «'=90° 92 TABLE XI.— WEIGHTS OF SETS OF 8 SOUTH AND 4 NORTH STARS FOR LATITUDE 45° 24' — «=0D « = 10° 5=20° 5=30° *'=60° 6 4 71 69 60 73 8 2 8 0 71 85 95 91 81 10 4 4"=70° . 107 «'=80° 99 «'-90° 89 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 303 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a TABLE XII. -MAXIMUM WEIGHTS OF SETS OF 12 STARS FOR LATITUDE 35< 5=— in- 5=0° S = W « = 20° W n' W n' W 111 104 96 88 W n ' S'=50° 5'=60° o' = 70" 5'-80° 10 4 9 2 8-1 6 9 8-5 6-8 58 5 0 107 98 8-8 7'8 7'8 6 2 51 4 4 70 5 3 43 36 11 4 11 0 105 9-9 56 4 0 3-1 26 TABLE XIII.— WEIGHTS OF SETS OF 10 SOUTH AND 2 NORTH STARS FOR LATITUDE 35" — 5 =—10° 5 = 0° « = 10° « = 20° 5'-50° 5'-60° o'-70° 34 4 3 4 7 47 4 0 5 2 60 6 0 5 0 6 7 76 77 7 0 9 2 99 5'-80° 9 7 TABLE XIV. -WEIGHTS OF SETS OF 8 SOUTH AND 4 NORTH STARS FOR LATITUDE 35° — 5= -10° 5=0° o = 10" * J =20° 5' -50 o'-60° o"-70° i"-80° *. . 6'5 74 7 3 66 7 4 86 85 7 7 8 7 98 9 6 8-7 106 110 10 2 93 25a— 24 304 DEP.IRTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TABLE XV.- MAXIMUM WEIGHTS OF SETS OF 12 STARS FOR LATITUDE 55°. 5=10 • 5=20 " 8=3t ° 5=4C IT ° W i\ W n' W n' n' 5'-70° 97 82 68 8 1 66 56 101 89 76 76 6 0 5 1 IOC 9 6 86 6 8 52 43 11 1 10 4 9 7 55 5' -80".. 40 5=90° 3 2 TABLE XVI.— WEIGHTS OF SETS OF 10 SOUTH AND 2 NORTH STARS FOR LATITUDE 55°. — 5 = 10° 5=20° 5=30° 5 = 40= 5' -70' 3 4 4 0 4 1 4 0 4 9 5 2 49 6 3 6-8 69 5-80° 5-90° 87 9 1 TABLE XVII.-WEIGHTS OF SETS OF 8 SOUTH AND 4 NORTH STARS FOR LATITUDE 55°. — 5 = 10° 5=20° 5=30° 8 = 40° 5-70° 6 4 6 7 6 3 7 3 79 7 4 8o 92 8-5 104 5'-80° 10 4 5-90° 95 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 305 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a TABLE XVIII. -COMPARATIVE WEIGHTS OF TIME SETS. No. of polars. V No. of south stars. S Method of observation. Weight. *2 76° 45' 78° 19' 83° 30' 75° 10 10 10 10 12 4 6 6 8 8 14" 14" 14° 25° 6 6 6 8 8 8 10 12 14 16 0 +2 +2 2 1 2 0 2 2 2 6 3 5 3 5 3 8 4 6 past. * Values of <3 and <>' actual means from a large number of sets observed in the f Condition [A]=Q fulfilled. J If '5= 1 4°, n=10, m'=2, IF is a maximum when iS QOVION I- Ol *M CO 0-1 n CO CO CO CO CO ,_» r- --I r-i i-l ^ CO .— 1 CO IC <^- Si CO CO CO CO CO 01 *J c CO CO CO CO CO 5 be Wa: B X nnacc %>£ 01 CI CO 0-1 W * ? CO CO CO CO X ^«2 g QC M X O ~ -f in h in in h — . -r o ci o* ,r. oi oi t-c: CO -t* iO iO in I I Hf t- r: OS ;c iO oi — i- 71 z:0wf co X '. X CO in 1Q t- — ri oo os os os os so i-t •** *n oi t* m t- to cr. X OS OS OS OS Ol-^Mrf £5 s^ < - I I M 310 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 eg x p a z o ►J &. o H o H b 0 ~ i W ffl — — c-i x ce r-- c <~. ^ r» re w re 53 ■ e ..e »e ^ o s 2 5 5b cO .- ." U3 .- re re ce re re = ^ 8 i C f i2 K t » :i x x n ^ ?) co C^ N CO C iC o o o re co cc co co 0 1 = a o O Q 5 ; - r- c :i * I- HOOOOC r; O O ■* * X O © C O © — re co re ce re E i i i i i 0) o ■S-Z x co c re — r-.XCHC. XOXCN XmMKt re t -r tt -?* + + + + + 6 § o C - H = a 5 Hd5 ^ x — ti -,r T- .-i -^ iC X -* ri w ri ei ri S*e3 fcsia ■* i- « i;e> w « Le * x « , ,_ -f -r 1- «r .— CO CO i— — ■ C^ S-1 CI N M a 2 £ o at enr' ei ?i ? - 52 QS s < c -s fs j ; REPORT OF THE CIlli:F \HTItOXOMKK SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 311 h 3.1 5 3 Z o Sq 0 Q Z H P 5 5» ... - in. 8. 17 32 351 32 366. 32 320 32235 O a S Si Sin t~ X *t> :o ■<~. :^. n n £ 5 x> CC CC Cl M n :n cm cn = H z o B w 3 o H o c .J O - 2 Is, Has 8. -48 854 —47 699 -46 625 -47 549 Ed ■_ C mr. Or- N -.- N o x* XMfn r: ?i « io tn o o o + 5 r*~~ Difference of Chrono- QBAFR. CD <3 III. 8. 19 21 056 22 357 20 443 26 111 cs tc 111. 8. 19 21 000 22 312 20 387 26 058 i a 5 1907. .luly-29 ., 30 „ 31 x -.r oc rH OS I- S>3 :• — < a "■A I I 312 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 I l- C ." - «_ l-f ."^X o X = = =: © 4/ S ■i. H eg H l-CO© i-H © ro © CC © © © © 09 " x - © -r Ci 5o © ^ J3 M ■* 8 o cc t CO ?S B .- X X © CO C 1^ ~ "t ,y conccio O £.2 5 * *f « Q B ,5 S^oa- 2 < Pas .a 0 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 313 X s"3 Trans- mission. Q 3 K O o a o is a a m b. &. 5 s> a 03 CD Ol CO uri ■S* CO CO bob S & 5,3 . t^ to HHOH 53 <- - c: t- os co g,3 r- » OD b- b- s ~ Jf OX r c i? £ lO O CO CO £ * £02 Woo I 5: >7. ■-; - ;. ' I o N '- cs - : * s 5 ■ *<« J sUoS a 3 ops 0 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 315 o iJ 5.2 WOD o O o o x O £53 CO 05 e * /. Q k.5 £ 2 T. B 0) be -j" i* .- in i- t-0 £35 = © n-OOn ? B* irt^.SOH O CC C N » S5 o S. t- • Eh rl * Si 5 5 o •<*■ CO t-ioco bd C ,; CI CO -f" t- Z2> o C e -os o s 0) o X COCO -f 00 t— o Wes Stat 6 N N (N M CO »T5 .-< •*> OS ■* 6 Ejs *^NNC:co a a; r- i-t -*• © r- o % a .-I CJ CO X © n S © o © ©r-l c:-: !£;/: 6 CO O 3= 55 c X b-l^-i-H ^ ca B • l-NNOO OS CO © CO © 5 E-2 jj a xi B H CI «■ CO N C O © © i-i Q ^Sa C CJ CO U 1-1 t- § t- ci T r 9$ CN as o < > as a r. a; 55 3 § O Q as a an o as S5 & sa a Q S C5 Z o ►J a o a o a as a a a 1 1 £.1 S i. C3 y. uJ k. 0 U z a w Q ~ C ?1 -r o » - '" t- I- z -9 i.g — f. in. 8. 13 57 719 57*64!) « 5 ce C T' — EC iC Clock Corrkctiok. f.1 acc C4 CC + i »'■§ ^00 coco t-© c 'A o X c 0 s- | £.3 a a O M c* © r~:c C CO "f ^ — x C A. tX CC 3D ~ COT 2 t-t .-» j © en i— • cn ii l" O S'-S 5^ s - »f < > ,5 w CO ^. s «j fin 1 c 318 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 £*AM 6J 3 5 y. o o K O =: H fc. fc. Q ?>* 9 « r V* - O io m -r -f -*■ £ 2 i &c WOT y t-Xt- S 2 » Re OCX v ^r i— — - m *° "f 9 -r *r -* c e3 o « PS 0 O 5 o — i .2 H43 X I- re r~-i— to CO JS cs t- to w x r- rj eo < i l s . 8 | S3 0:0 cc CO ?1 = CS l-fr- y; US ^ tC + + + 6 o « 33 o %i £ Hz I -- 1- X -r ■- x K X -r o; i-i « He C eO Ti IC i". X ^ X N N 3D X ~# © -- N < l-l 1 - - •' — a <-.-; is x3 lis REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 319 I l« t>- - is as lO -P O CO -, 5 § o © o © G «*- .5 o g'i «=■ NOCiO coo© ~ te 1 1 a ." X — t- 30 X OC t - e- ~ GO a: :r. © o e9 XXT.C! eS +3 — qo oo as as 3 %% HHT-r- 3 'A-f: Tf< C ~ GJNO- c • CO CO T — « si 01 6£ ©©^~ as as as as HrlHH &CC f " 1—1 CO 00 t^ CO -§.2 si MOfflH CO-*-^ iO o a iO LT ifl 1£5 W ts 0 HQOLlt- us o o "* Ci 1Q CO 1- - X o OS ""** t>-C3 43 .« as i- co © W -f O *Q a 6 ^ 55 oo cs a: c tK sownc -*OOi-i Wm S *r lO i- iO t- a i— IrH r-« i— i 5 a S - N.C1Q0C c ™? iTj CI CS t- &a X CO rHCO -f w CO i-i IS-© ai So *tf OOl-H * £* • tj" in m ta ^- *" ,-1 ,_«,_, ,_| : [ O ~ 1-1 a* X - WrH?l 43 _ .- _ o - - O n i - a: co as s>i . ©t-QC o o a fr.3 §|o OK i I 25a— 26 32J DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 0 > o Eh > si H D3 M r o I— I i— i o Q z «! K as 03 H < PS K 1-4 > M CS fc W H & H H m o & E- w e o j o K U t5 S PS K S5 O o O O o z g 5 o a « 55 X os *-• 5 s 6 S3 s bo I bo I t. C ' 3.2 SS3 -Si 3 & « CI 5 ~- p NN = e B.2 a- 5.2 S.& OjS s^ So If PS REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTROyOHER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 321 nxe N .— — S> si oo o en 2| ^5 X 1--T-I 00 f o f ooo £ DC* 1 H ■N » t- a X CO X 3 a s X ooo 2 § O a t*t-t-» ►J h 0 H ©oot- D z £j= 00 ant- as 3g no r" H tj SO s fc »« £ t-t-t- Q -r -r t- © <-o b-. £» :£ So 00 x t- -o ocio £S5 5 t- CO ;0 .-< CO -h 'V £ s ©?D X z o B «.2 Wit * ■i »i a 3 PC o D © 35 en D O 2 'J X O ED *2 i-*2*<7-) t-— o 6 z £.» X 833 o H sis a O s X i. S O - g 5 »-t t-iO z w fl -: —■ OS O s — — MM'T 05 V -i H Ce. 1 t£ © © «-h ts. q £a £ X e | e cs ~ 7-1 CO CO ^j o = = O » Q r* C-l o o ■* £ o : «- c- a o < z * fate 9« is a 322 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 ^ — • ' ^ S3 t~ X l~ c ~ c: O c; C: l~ t « w c u- — ^ ^ t^ x t^ o xc o t^- bo s o 60 C o da o x i~ i.:c:ucM««n xx>Ot.'?x<0'H--i-;£cN*-xr>-io :Oito*jr;^0'?"rCTO o Eh s = = * - 3 :l = H -s = c rt c 2GQ S -4-. g-a 1-H i-H X _ _ , - — » - la 5 *3 ■ — TJ'-S.S eg S •S -r ^? ••« J5 " >>w a-n Q « o-t eg s REPORT OF TEE CHIEF AUTROSOMEll 323 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a LOCAL POSITIONS OF ASTRONOMICAL STATIONS. Dawson. — The pier is 168-3 feet east and 7-1 feet north of the southeast comer of the Administration Building. Selkirk. — The pier is 32 feet east and 22-5 feet south of the northeast corner of the Government Telegraph Office. Tantalus. — The pier is 150-8 feet north and 32 feet west of the northwest corner of the Northwest Mounted Police Barracks. Whitehorse. — The pier is just behind the Government Telegraph Office, and is 336-1 feet north and 379-7 feet west of the middle point of crossing of Main street and the White Pass and Yukon Railway. Pembroke. — The pier is 98-2 feet north and 167-5 feet east of the intersection of the easterly limit of John street with the southerly limit of Wellington street. White Pass. — The pier is 111-1 feet north and 45-9 feet west of the bronze monument on the Canada-Alaska boundary line at summit of White Pass. Mattawa. — The pier is 419-6 feet west and 56-2 feet south of the southwest corner of the Canadian Pacific Railway station house. Labette. — The pier is 1,685 feet east and 82 feet south of the middle point of crossing of the Canadian Pacific Railway and Berthiaume road. This crossing is about 470 feet east of the Canadian Pacific Railway station house. Chapleau. — The pier is 174-7 feet west and 432-3 feet south of the railway crossing sign board of the Canadian Pacific Railway. This crossing is about 300 feet west of the Canadian Pacific Railway station house. Roberval. — The pier is 138-2 feet north and 47-1 feet west of the middle point of crossing of the Quebec and Lake St. John Railway and the Roberval road. Lake Edward. — The pier is 332-4 feet east and 40-6 feet north of the northeast corner of the Quebec and Lake St. John Railway station house. Scotia Junction. — The pier is about one-half mile east of the Grand Trunk Rail- way station house and is 249-4 feet north and 7-5 feet east of the sign post at the Grand Trunk Railway crossing. Riviere a Pierre. — The pier is 120-2 feet west and 39-3 feet north of the north- west corner of the Quebec and Lake St. John Railway station house. Barry Bay. — The pier is about 200 feet south of the Grand Trunk Railway station house and is 106-9 feet south and 11 feet east of the northeast corner of the Balmoral Hotel. Michipicoten Harbour. — The pier is 45 feet north and 104 feet west of the north- west corner of the Algoma Inn. Dominion Observatory. — The reference point of the longitudes observed in 1907 is a temporary transit house, the meridian of which is 0S-12 east of the centre of the dome of the observatory. 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a A. 1909 APPENDIX 5. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, 1908. STATEMENT OF WORK PERFORMED IN THE PHOTOGRAPHIC DIVISION BY J. D. WALLIS. 25a— 27 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a A. 1909 APPENDIX 5. STATEMENT OF WOIIK DONE IN THE PHOTOGRAPHIC DIVISION. — Si /.e of p] ates ai d prints. Total. Plate negatives 3|x4{ 4x5 170 4£x6J 821 5x7 Sv 10 117 10x14 11x14 63 16x20 84 24 x 36 8x36 30x40 41 13 1,085 170 Black and . white and Platinum prints. . Rfi 103 41 60 1,821 3115 60 2S4 476 1,542 2,976 113 2,208 Transparencies 135 135 365 365 244 244 Total 135 4.54 1,21)7 1,881 756 1,542 176 485 36 468 54, 7,284 J. D. WALLIS, Photographer. 25a— 27* 327 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a A. 1909 APPENDIX 6. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER, 1908. DETERMINATION OF THE ORBITS OF SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES BY W. F. KING, LL.D. 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a A. 1909 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. 1. Hodograph 334 2. Hodograph 335 3. Graph for e = 0-75, and K 339 13. Aid for change of A' 339 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a A. 1909 APPENDIX 6. (Reprinted from the Astrophysical Journal, Vol. XXVII, No. 2.) DETERMINATION OF THE ORBITS OF SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES. By W. F. King, LL.D. On the assumption that the orbit of the star is an ellipse described about a centre of force in one focus, the graph formed by taking the velocities in the line of sight as ordinates and the corresponding times as abscissas will be a periodic curve, from which can be determined the elements of the orbit, viz., the periodic time, the eccentricity, the longitude of the periastron from the ascending node, the projection of the major axis upon the line of sight, and the velocity of the system as a whole, that is, of the center of gravity of the system or of the focus of the elliptic orbit. Various methods of determining these elements have been given, either geometrical, like that of Lehmann-Filhes, depending upon the comparison of areas of certain parts of the curve; or analytical, like that of Russell, using a Fourier series. The curve of observed line-of-sight velocities differs from the true curve, by reason of errors of observation. The. method of least squares may be employed to correct the first values of the elements, and to give the most probable values. Spectra of certain types, however, are difficult to measure with accuracy, with the result that the graph of observed velocities may present differences from the theoretical curve which bear a considerable ratio to the velocity, so that the method is not to be depended upon unless successive approximations are made, entailing much labour. In such cases correction of the graph may be resorted to. A free-hand curve is drawn, as nearly as possible of the form which the velocity curve should have, and as nearly as possible representing the observations. This curve may be adjusted so as to fulfil certain theoretical conditions, as to equality of areas, &c. (Lehmann-Filhes method). From this curve the elements are determined and from them an ' ephemeris ' is computed and a new graph representing these elements is drawn. Comparison of this with the former curve indicates correction to the elements, whereby a better accordance with observations may be secured. A new ephemeris with corrected values of the elements is then made, followed by a comparison with the observations. By successive trials in this way, the values of the elements most nearly according with the observations are finally determined. This is the method which has been followed here in obtaining the elements of the orbits of early type stars, and I notice by some orbits recently published by the Lick Observatory, that the same procedure has been adopted there. The object of the present paper is to present -a method whereby as much as possible of the work of testing the accuracy of the successive graphs and of preparing the ephemerides may be done graphically. 333 334 UEl'Ainui:\T OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Let tin- ellipse ABAt 5, in Fig. 1 represenl the orbit of the star, S the centre of force at the focus, .1.-1, the major axis. _Y the ascending node, 2V, the descending node. Lei /' be the position of the star in its orbit at any time. We will suppose tin- motion of P to be clockwise. Draw ST perpendicular to the tangent at /'. The Fig. 1. point }* will, by a property of the ellipse, fall on the circle AZZ: Alt described on the major axis as diameter. If h is twice the area described in the unit time, v the velocity of the body in its orbit (with reference to S considered fixed). And if we produce VS to meet the circle again in Z. SY ■ 8Z = SA1 ■ SA = a' (1 - e)°. 1 fence »-(l - e') SZ therefore is proportional to the velocity at P. It is perpendicular to its direction. Therefore the circle AZZt A, is the hodograph of the orbit, changed in scale in the ratio 1: = and turned through a right angle. h Draw 7?>7i, through S, and DCD, through the centre 0, perpendicular to the line of nodes. Draw ZMK perpendicular to these two lines and cutting them in .V REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 335 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a and K. Then ZK is proportional to that component of the velocity relative to .s'. which is perpendicular to the line of nodes and in the plane of the orbit. If the plane of the orbit is inclined to the line of sight at an angle 00° - i. ZK sin i is proportional to the velocity in the line of sight. Multiplying all the ordinate*, as ZK. of the circle by sin i. we evidently find for the hodograph of velocities in the line of sight an ellipse, of which the semi-major axis is proportional to CD or a, and the semi-minor axis to a sin i. It is to be observed that, by a property of the ellipse and tin- circle on its major axis CZ is parallel to SP. When, therefore. /' proceeding from the ascending node has turned an angle u about the focus, the corresponding point of the elliptic hodo- graph has the eccentric angle u (counted from the minor axis). The velocity in the line of sight (still considering S at rest) i- therefore (ZM + 31 K) sin i = a -in i cos it + MK sin i. This consists of a constant part ME sin i which i> equal to SM sin i cos (,> (<•> denoting the longitude of the apse counted from the ascending node) or ae sin i cos to; and a variable part a sin i cos }i. Let us now conceive the scale of the figure to have been changed by multiplying all lines in it by — ; Ss ; then the circle AZZ, A, becomes the hodograph in the n-(l-p-) 336 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 orbit, and the ellipse produced by multiplying the ordinate? perpendicular to ESR, by sin i becomes the hodograph of observed velocities. Comparing this ellipse with the graph of observed velocities in the line of sight, we see (assuming that the observations are without error) that the two curves have the same ordinates but different abscissas; those of the graph being proportional to the time, those of the ellipse being proportional to the sine of the eccentric angle counted from the minor axis, that is, to the sine of the longitude («) counted from the periastron. Fig. 2 shows by the circle AZZX Al the orbital hodograph, and by the ellipse A WW, .4, the hodograph of the line of sight, having the ordinates MW, if, IT,. &c, equal to MZ sin i, M1 Z, sin i, &c. Reduce all the abscissas of the ellipse in the same ratio, multiplying by sin t. Then the ellipse becomes the circle TJTJX TJ2 described on the minor axis as diameter. By consideration of the similar triangles ZMC, UMC, &c, it is seen that the now positions U, U1 . . . . of the points W, Wv W, fall on the straight lines joining C with Z, Z,, Z .. &c. Therefore the longitudes are unchanged, and the circle U, Uv U„ may be used as the equivalent of the hodograph of observed velocities. The problem is reduced to comparison of a circle with a curve in which the abscissas are pro- portional to the time. The radius of this circle may be denoted by K. In terms of the elements of the ellipse h . . ft sin i A = a .. „, --in Vil-e2) " a(l-e*) /( is found from the periodic time U, for U SttG V VI - e2 A" is equal to one-half the difference between the maximum and minimum velocities in the line of sight. When this and e have been found with the desired precision, the value of a sin"! follows from the above formula. Figs. 3 and 4 will serve to illustrate the application in practice of the foregoing principles. First of all, the observed velocities having been plotted as ordinates with the times as abscissas, a free-hand curve is drawn approximately of the peculiar form of the theoretical e irve, and passing through or near to the points representing the individual observati m?. The curves in the figures may be taken as representing more or less closely such a graph of observations. In the figures the curves have been drawn with exactness for two eccentricities, 0-75 and 0-10. A circle is drawn having for diameter the difference between the maximum and minimum ordinates. and having its centre o~\ the line midway between the maximum and minimum points. This line, parallel to the axis of abscissas, may be called the central line of the curve. The periodic time having been determined in the usual way, the abscissa-length corresponding to it is divided into any convenient number of equal parts, say 40; it should be an even number. The ordinates for these abscissas are placed in the circle, and the points so found in the circumference of the latter are marked. If the curve is of correct form, the points marked on the circumference will be found to lie at unequal distances from one another (except when the eccentricity of the orbit is zero), but these unequal distances will be found to vary uniformly. The points will be close together in the vicinity of one point of the circle, and will gradually separate as we proceed in either direction therefrom, until at the diametrically opposite point they reach their maximum distance apart. It i- evident that the former point will correspond to aspastron, and that of widest separation to periastron. 25a— p. 33ti. *e" '-^r 1 S\ /' 1 \ j \, II ^v. \-~"'^ ~~4~-- . >*.-^ '^i i ■\ "*-■ H/ >' !\ -^ fv /^ 4 v ^ ix )k. v '^v y / \ '■ ' """"V . I 1 f 1 \ 4 ! v ' ^t \' i / ' • \ 1 1 11: 1 V Vl ■I \ \ \ \ '■ "\ \ ■ 1 i \ • V \ 1 / : \ ! !: \ 1- \ III: ' Nl -. 1 1 1 i ~f\ j | V--- |h j ? -: — ; — -_4 . sr- j- — M-h ' F I \ ' ' 1 ! '■ ' A\ \ '■ \ t ! i ' ^ "i~ \ ! ; ' \ r ''" / > - ^ \ -r"'^ V i P*"T 1 i * J< ; £ --H V V 1 -"" x ■ ■< Is ' '"" "'" f\l i v (Ei^--^ \ (^ - - ><^ . , A ^ _ /^ v< Jk>"^' /' ■ " "-/-L l— -V-" -) rrr ■ • ■ ■- [i V \ 1 sj ill! KJ \i "** v ^ v ^v t 1 1 ^^ ill ! i4J Vt .^.^,, ! (llll .„„,._„,,.,,„„. Ill 1 "'kl 25a . !3(i REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER 337 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a If it chances that one of the points of division of the line of abscissas cor- responds to an apse, the divisions of the circumference will be equal at equal distances from the apsidal diameter. If not, they will not be equal on the two sides of this diameter, and the periastron will not coincide exactly with a division, but will lie within the greatest division of the circumference. Apastron similarly lies within the least division. We may, if we please, use the approximate positions of the apses thus found to set off our fortieths of the period along the line of abscissas from a new origin, whereby two of the points of the circle will more closely coincide with the apsidal points. In this manner, given a graph sufficiently near to the theo- retical form, the position of the apsidal diameter may be determined and the angle which it makes with the axis of y measured with a protractor. This angle i-; the longitude (w) of the apse. It will be observed that this process furnishes a more thorough test of the accuracy of the graph than the method of equality of areas. If it is imperfect, the points on the circumference of the circle will not be distributed according to the regular order of increase or decrease of the included arcs. If an ordinate of the graph is too long or too short, the corresponding point on the circumference will be too near or too far from the vertical diameter. If the points of maximum and minimum velocity have not been well determined, the diameter of the circle will be too long or too short. In the former case all the points on the circumference will be crowded away from the vertical diameter; in the latter, toward it. Since the arcs of the circle represent differences of longitude d a corresponding to the given intervals of time, and -=- varies inverselv as the square at of the distance from the focus, we have by measuring the lengths d and d1 of the arcs at points whose longitudes from the periastron are 9 and 0„ d _ (1 + e cos BY 1, ~ (1 + e cos 0,)2 ' whence the eccentricity may be found, when the position of periastron is known. If we measure the arcs at periastron and apastron, we have d /l + eV In applying this method, it is usually sufficient to measure the chords instead of the arcs, as only an approximation is needed at this stage. If the eccentricity is so large as to so greatly increase the arcs near periastron that they may not be considered equal to their chords, additional points may be interpolated near periastron. It is not advisable, however, to spend too much time on these preliminary pro- cesses, as it is hardly possible that the first graph should be drawn with sufficient accuracy to give a good final result. The approximate value of the longitude of the apse and the eccentricity is, however, needed for the construction of a better graph, or ' ephemeris.' The process in use here of approximate determination of the elements and con- structing an ephemeris is as follows : Using the analytical formulae, the true anomalies corresponding to aliquot parts of the period of the binary are computed for any assumed eccentricity, and set off on the circumference of a circle, to be used as a protractor. A division of the period into 40 equal parts is in general convenient, though for high eccentricities a further subdivision must be made for the neighbour- hood of periastron. The need for this is shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 7, which show protractors drawn for eccentricities 0-70, 0-75, and 0-80, respectively. The anomaly corresponding to one-fortieth of the period (or 9° of mean anomaly) is seen in Fig. 7 to be almost 90°. Intermediate lines near periastron have therefore been interpolated (shown dotted in the figures), dividing the one-fortieth next to periastron into 6 equal parts, each corresponding to l°-5 of mean anomaly (this is found convenient 338 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 with the tables we use. which give the solution of Kepler's equation for every half- degree). The second interval from periastron has been divided into 3 equal pails (3 of mean anomaly ). In Figs. 8, 9. and 10. drawn for small eccentricities. 0-05. Old. and 0-15, respectively, the parts of the circumference are nearly equal throughout. A number of these protractors, on transparent celluloid, have been made here. After the ordinates of the curve have been transferred to the circle, and the circumference marked off, a choice among the protractors will show which one agrees most closely with the marked points, and thereby the values of the longitude of the apse and the eccentricity of the orbit are obtained. Tests here have shown that the eccentricity can thus be determined within 0-01 when the velocity-curve i- accurately drawn. If not accurately drawn, no such el. se approximation is necessary. To construct an ephemeris given eccentricity e, apse longitude ,.>. range of velocity 2K, and period U, proceed as follows: Draw a circle of radius A". Draw its ' vertical ' and ' horizontal * diameters, producing the latter to the length necessary for the period U, according to the time- scale adopted. Set the protractor, made for eccentricity e, with its centre over that of the circle, and its apsidal diameter making an angle « with the vertical diameter. Pint the radial lines representing the anomalies corresponding to the divisions of the period upon the paper, noting their intersections with the circumference. Having divided the line representing the period into a number of parts cor- responding to the protractor, ei t perpendiculars at these points of length- equal to the corresponding ordinates of the circle. A free-hand curve drawn through the extremities of the ordinate- give- the required curve or 'ephemeris.' If. as will usually happen, the observations are plotted and the graph drawn on cross-section paper, the procedure will be considerably shorter. Draw the circle of radius A on the same or a similar sheet,' place centrally on it the transparent protractor with the periastron point at the proper longitude i„ from the vertical diameter, and note the ordinates of the points of intersection of the circumference of the circle with the radial lines of the protractor. These ordinates can be at once placed on their cor- responding abscissas without either drawing or measuring. If a set of protractor-, such as in lise here for value- of e differing by 0-05, is not available, an alternative procedure i- to use an ordinary protractor to set off ares of 10°. say, and then the abscissas of the time velocity curve may be made equal to the mean anomalies corresponding to true anomalies of every 10° around the orbit. This can easily \«- done with a set of tables, such as have been computed here, giving the parts of the period corresponding to true anomalies of every 10° for all values of e from 0 to 1, at intervals of 0-05. When the ephemeris has been drawn, it may be redrawn to a different apsidal longitude in the manner following. In Fig. 11, draw CA and CB equal to the radius K of the generating- circle, and including an angle (/?) equal to that by which it is desired to change the apse-longitude. It is evident that if the point C be placed on thi' central line of the curve, and .1 "ii any point of the curve, the point D where the ordinate of .1 meets a line through B parallel to the axis of abscissas will be a point on the curve corresponding to an orbit, of the same eccentricity p. and apse- longitude co + /?• For if the ordinate of A is A sin (6 + o>), 6 being the true anomaly. that of D will be K sin (0 + 348 58 347 42 340. 16 344 35 342 36 360 360 00 360 00 36o no 360 00 300 (XI 30(1 00 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a TRUE ANOMALY v. 341 M e 35 •40 •45 50 •55 •60 3 o 7 15 22 38 10 36 8 17 26 49 32 00 D 10 20 30 20 30 13 12 24 35 17 14 26 14 29 41 52 6 2 9 19 46 59 12 29 36 43 46 42 22 34 41 49 8 50 10 39 47 55 24 58 52 45 55 63 48 10 35 53 63 72 31 15 35 18 38 23 23 21 55 62 68 58 22 18 63 69 75 6 46 50 71 77 83 8 55 59 80 86 92 1 24 42 27 55 10 61 24 36 36 69 54 76 37 83 46 91 14 98 55 106 44 45 82 43 89 28 96 22 103 22 111 35 117 16 54 93 53 100 20 106 48 113 11 119 28 125 32 63 103 41 109 43 115 38 121 25 126 59 132 22 72 112 23 117 56 123 18 128 28 133 24 138 8 81 120 12 125 14 130 4 134 40 139 1 143 12 HO 127 18 131 49 136 7 140 11 144 1 147 41 m 133 50 137 52 141 38 145 12 148 35 151 46 108 139 54 143 26 146 46 149 50 152 46 155 31 117 145 36 148 40 151 30 154 10 156 40 159 2 126 151 00 153 35 155 59 158 14 160 22 162 20 135 156 10 158 18 160 17 162 7 163 52 165 30 144 161 8 162 50 164 24 165 52 167 14 168 31 153 165 59 167 14 168 24 169 30 170 30 171 29 162 170 42 171 32 172 19 173 2 173 43 174 20 171 175 22 175 47 176 10 176 32 176 53 177 11 180 180 00 180 00 180 00 180 00 180 00 180 00 189 184 38 184 13 183 50 183 28 183 7 182 49 198 189 18 188 28 187 41 186 58 186 17 185 40 207 194 1 192 46 191 36 190 30 189 30 188 31 216 198 52 197 10 195 36 194 8 192 46 191 29 225 203 50 201 42 199 43 197 53 196 8 194 30 234 209 00 206 25 204 1 201 46 199 38 197 40 243 214 24 211 20 208 30 205 50 203 20 200 58 252 220 6 216 34 213 14 210 10 207 14 204 29 261 226 10 222 8 218 22 214 48 211 25 208 11 270 232 42 228 11 223 53 219 49 215 59 212 19 279 239 48 234 46 229 56 225 20 220 59 216 48 288 247 37 242 4 236 42 231 32 226 36 221 52 297 256 19 250 17 244 22 238 35 233 1 227 38 306 266 7 259 40 253 12 246 49 240 32 234 28 315 277 17 270 32 263 38 256 38 248 25 242 44 324 290 6 283 23 276 14 268 46 261 5 253 16 333 304 50 298 36 291 42 284 10 276 1 2C7 24 336 297 304 310 38 2 50 290 296 304 14 54 8 282 288 296 5 52 25 273 279 287 18 339 59 342 321 37 316 38 37 345 323 330 337 18 14 24 318 325 334 10 52 00 312 320 329 2 36 47 304 314 324 50 12 34 296 306 318 25 348 29 351 340 14 1 354 344 50 342 28 339 30 335 46 330 58 357 352 360 22 00 351 360 11 00 349 360 40 00 347 360 43 00 345 360 g 360 360 00 00 25a— 28 342 DEPARTUEXT OF THE 1XTERI0R TRUE ANOMALY v. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 M r ■65 '"i 0 ■75 ■80 •85 !X1 •95 0 15 = 11 23 49 16 15 30 4! 29 22 41 1 31 33 58 19 53 55 85 37 17 98 120 31 3 18 23 18 45 33 43 58 49 43 55 40 7 57 70 26 8 76 89 37 4 101 111 18 19 130 136 10 fi 35 22 10 7'5 52 60 38 34 64 73 53 12 9 50 13 88 16 105 12 123 30 143 28 12 62 48 73 49 86 25 100 25 115 20 130 68 147 59 15 73 20 84 20 96 23 109 11 122 26 136 10 151 11 18 82 11 92 50 104 8 115 50 127 46 140 6 153 38 27 101 34 110 44 119 56 129 10 138 25 147 59 158 40 36 114 34 122 19 130 00 137 35 145 11 153 4 161 56 45 124 4 130 43 137 12 143 38 150 4 156 46 164 23 54 131 29 137 13 142 49 148 20 153 54 159 41 166 18 63 137 32 142 34 147 25 152 13 157 4 162 7 167 65 72 142 42 147 4 151 20 155 31 159 46 164 12 169 19 81 147 11 151 1 154 46 158 25 162 8 166 2 170 32 90 151 11 154 32 157 48 161 1 164 16 167 42 171 40 99 154 48 157 44 160 35 163 23 166 13 169 13 172 41 108 158 10 160 41 163 8 165 35 168 2 170 37 173 38 117 161 17 163 26 165 34 167 37 169 43 171 58 174 32 "126 164 14 166 4 167 49 169 34 171 20 173 12 176 23 135 167 2 168 32 169 59 171 25 172 63 174 25 176 12 144 169 46 170 56 172 5 173 13 174 22 175 35 177 00 153 172 23 173 16 174 7 174 56 175 48 176 42 177 46 162 174 58 175 31 176 6 176 40 177 13 177 49 178 31 171 177 29 177 47 178 4 178 20 178 37 178 55 179 16 180 180 00 180 00 180 00 ISO 00 180 00 180 00 180 00 189 182 31 182 13 181 56 181 40 181 23 181 5 180 44 198 185 2 184 29 183 54 183 20 182 47 182 11 181 29 207 187 37 186 44 " 185 53 185 4 184 12 183 18 182 14 216 190 14 189 4 187 55 186 47 185 38 184 25 183 00 226 192 58 191 28 190 1 188 35 187 7 185 35 183 48 234 195 46 193 56 192 11 190 26 188 40 186 48 184 37 243 198 43 196 34 194 26 192 23 190 17 188 2 185 28 252 201 50 199 19 196 52 194 25 191 58 189 23 186 22 261 205 12 202 16 199 25 196 37 193 47 190 47 187 19 270 208 49 205 28 202 12 198 59 195 44 192 18 188 20 279 212 49 208 59 206 14 201 35 197 52 193 68 189 28 288 217 18 212 56 208 40 204 29 200 14 195 48 190 41 297 222 28 217 26 212 36 207 47 202 56 197 63 192 5 306 228 31 222 47 217 11 211 40 206 6 200 19 193 42 315 235 56 229 17 222 48 216 22 209 56 203 14 195 37 324 245 26 237 41 230 00 222 25 214 49 206 56 198 4 333 258 26 249 16 240 4 230 50 221 36 212 1 201 20 342 277 49 267 10 255 62 244 10 232 14 219 54 206 22 346 286 40 275 40 263 37 250 49 237 34 223 50 208 49 348 297 12 286 11 273 35 259 35 244 40 229 2 212 1 351 309 47 299 26 286 48 271 44 264 48 236 30 216 32 352 6 307 316 22 11 295 304 7 53 354 324 38 289 52 270 56 248 41 223 50 356 6 326 336 2 44 316 329 20 31 302 318 34 29 283 301 23 7 258 274 42 43 229 239 50 357 341 37 42 3686 348 360 11 00 344 360 19 00 337 360 59 00 326 360 41 00 304 360 23 00 261 360 29 360' 0 360 00 00 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26a 343 Formula : — / IN TERMS OF 8. j N l+e $ .,'l-«-Sini tan — f- 2 l + e Cos 6 8 < = '00 < = 05 i = 10 < = 16 e = 20 10° 02778 02611 02263 02033 01818 20° 05555 05030 04539 04081 03653 30° 08333 07562 06840 06162 05528 40° 11111 10117 09178 08293 07457 50° 13889 12699 11539 10488 09461 60° 16667 15314 14014 12765 11566 70° 19444 17963 16532 15139 13789 80° 22222 20662 19132 17627 16151 90° 25000 23409 21822 20243 18677 100° 27778 26200 24507 23000 21380 110° 30556 29039 27490 25905 24290 120° 33334 31929 30473 28966 27407 130° 36111 31862 33552 32180 30740 140° 38889 37836 36720 35538 34285 150° 41667 40861 39965 39027 38030 160° 44445 43881 43274 42621 41916 170° 47222 46936 46626 46291 45927 180° 50000 50000 50000 50000 50000 190° 52778 53064 53374 53709 54073 200° 55555 56119 56726 57379 58084 210° 58334 59156 60035 60973 61970 220° 61112 62164 63280 64462 65715 230° 63890 65138 66448 67820 69260 240° 66668 68071 69527 71034 72593 250° 69445 70961 72510 74095 75710 260° 72223 73800 75393 77000 78620 270° 75000 76591 78178 79767 81323 280° 77777 79338 80868 82373 S3849 290° 80555 82032 83468 84861 86211 300° 83334 84686 85986 87235 88434 310° 86112 87300 88461 89512 90539 320° 88890 89883 90822 91707 92543 330° 91667 92438 93160 93838 94472 340° 94446 94970 95461 95919 96347 350° 97222 97489 97737 97967 98182 360° 1 00000 1 00000 1 00000 1 00000 1 00000 344 DEI'AIfl 1//-.AT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 e e = 25 € = 30 t = 35 e = 40 e = 45 10° 01616 01430 01256 01094 00944 20° 03254 028^1 02.532 02208 01905 30° 04931 04372 03849 03360 02905 40° 06669 05926 05229 04575 03962 50° 08489 07569 06698 05875 05101 60° 10420 09323 08283 07291 06353 70° 12484 11226 10017 08858 07752 80° 14710 13305 11910 10816 09340 90° 17127 15596 14092 12616 11175 100° 19762 18140 16522 14915 13322 110° 22645 20975 19285 17578 15860 120° 25800 24140 22432 20678 18880 130° 29235 27655 26008 24282 22478 140° 32955 31544 30040 28441 26735 150° 36940 35780 34523 33170 31697 160° 41154 40324 39420 38433 37333 170° 45532 45500 44624 44098 43513 180° 50000 50000 50000 50000 50000 190° 54468 54900 55376 55902 56487 200° 58846 59676 60580 61567 62667 210° 63060 64220 65477 66830 68303 220° 67045 68456 69960 71559 73265 230° 70765 72345 73992 75718 77522 240° 74200 75860 77568 79322 81120 250° 77355 79025 80715 82422 S4140 260° 80238 81860 83478 85085 8667S 270° 82873 84404 85908 89384 88825 280° 85290 86695 S8060 89384 •90660 290° 87516 88774 89983 91142 92248 300° 89580 90677 91717 92309 93647 310° 91511 92431 93302 94125 94899 320° 93331 94074 94771 95425 96038 330° 95069 95628 96151 96640 97095 340° 96746 97119 97468 97792 98095 350° 98384 98570 98744 98906 99056 360° 1 00000 1 00000 1 00000 1 00000 1 00000 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 345 « e = 50 e = ■55 t = 60 t = '65 e = •70 10° 00805 00676 00557 00449 00351 20° 01626 01367 01128 00938 00712 30° 02480 02088 01727 01393 01091 40° 03392 02858 02367 01913 01501 50° 04376 03698 03067 02480 01954 60° 05467 04635 03856 03134 1 02470 70° 06699 05701 04763 03885 03074 80° 08115 06944 05833 04782 03801 90° 09775 . 0842L 07118 05877 04703 100° 11751 10210 08708 07252 05855 110° 14137 12415 10706 09020 07371 120° 17042 15170 13267 11347 09422 130° 20593 18630 16583 14458 12260 140° 24915 22968 20887 18647 16246 150° 30091 28330 26389 24234 21825 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463 120 356 1102 250 159 540 23 360 71 138 253 672 680 409 605 291 110 61 223 1994 43 51 291 90 173 404 303 73 213 115 174 450 704 31 26 360 764 hi, 39 ■64 no 92 76 20 90 45 m; 00 ■53 mi 38 43 92 33 •60 •40 11 10 •00 ■91 •53 •95 -50 •56 •90 ■35 66 00 10 94 •66 71 1L> 42 94 •75 •42 ■86 •84 III! •83 77 (in ■54 .Mi ■26 00 00 64 00 92 28 ■47 •34 93 •93 21494 63 $ cts. 7,6*4 31 21.72E 50 4,078 98 s.477 68 1,898 59 8,299 (10 1.3611 71 6,604 49 7.814 5s 14,102 17 10,578 94 15,998 60 9,554 30 :,,6l'7 5:; 3,028 77 5,471 81 7,959 81 5,700 62 7,690 89 6,719 35 12,454 53 16,750 00 7,854 88 27.197 S3 10,178 SO 10,855 73 16,145 31 974 40 10,520 16 7,280 38 992 28 9,388 19 20,664 31 20,497 64 10,831 61 18,048 36 7,581 61 10,935 56 7,071 98 6,104 47 i5,424 52 221 25 7,920 00 4,303 89 13,275 34, S.224 52 9,893 90 17,100 00 10,876 21 10,100 00 8,254 24 5,573 63 7,729 84 6,766 4(1 19,915 81 2,602 24 9,818 68 9,265 29 20.4S0 62 5S3.451 04 Day. Contract . Day. Contract . Day. Contract. Day. Contract. Day. S cts. 35 41 28 84 10 00 '7619 18 52 30 66 8 26 21 98 29 13 78 95 29 49 15 24 16 06 20 68 8 19 9 40 22 65 14 58 49 00 26 89 Contract. 139 58 Day. 22 00 Contract. 24 66 Day. 68 05 ,, 29 86 Contract. 40 77 Day. 29 19 Contract. Day. 7 19 Contract. ... Day. 30 70 Contract. 30 11 26 43 29 82 26 01 Day. 114 52 27 32Contract. 7 73 5 05 155 29 14 74 146 25 47 54 24 45 217 83 35 S3 138 36 38 75 is 19 44 42 15 00 28 24 8 19 372 76 25 67 26 78 Day. Contract. Day. Contract. Day. Contract. * Inspecting contract surveys a portion of the season. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 3. List of lots in the Yukon Territory surveys of which have been received from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908. GROUP No. 1. d O Area in Acres. Surveyor. Year of Survey. Date of A pproval. Claimant. Remarks. 40 100 C. S. W. Barwell 1907.. Oct. 11,1907.. GROUP No. 2. 40 00 129 91 14 94 114 87 99 51 38 37 47 29 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 11 11 11 11 T. D. Green.. . C. W' MacPher son C. S. W. Barwell C. W. MacPher- son C. S. W. Barwell 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1907. 1904. May 29,1907.. 29, 1907.. Oct. 11, 1907.. 11, 1907.. 11, 1907.. 11, 1907.. 11, 1907.. 7, 19117. . 7, 1907.. 7, 1907 . . 7, 1907 . 7, 1907 . . 7, 1907 . . 7, 1907.. 7, 1907.. 7, 1907.. 7, 1907.. 7, 1907. 7, 1907.. 30, 1907.. 30, 1907.. 30, 1907.. 30, 1907. . Chris. H. Authier it i, .... H. H. Norwood Co. . . II II . . Wm. Elliott etui O. R. Brenner / White channel Gold LHillHyd'c. Co. Ltd Surface. Mineral claim. Surface. GROUP No. 5. 32 3H 26 93 51 39 50 10 42 88 40 34 48 17 31 73 42 35 24 60 25 411 49 95 40 08 50 82 17 82 51 65 51 65 49 06 44 80 49 16 49 15 H. G. Dickson.. 1905.. „ 1905.. ,, 1905.. ,, 1905. . ,, 1907 . . ,, 1907.. „ 1907.. „ 1907.. „ 1907 . . ,, 1907 . . ,, 1907.. „ 1906. . ,, 1906.. ,, 1906. ,, 1906.. „ 1906.. „ 1906.. ,, 1907.. II . . 1907 . . |, 1907.. " 1907.. June Oct. June 22, 22, 22, 22, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 22, 22, 22, 22 22,' 22, 1907 . . 1907 . . 1907.. 1907.. 1907 . . 1907 . . 1907.. 1907 . . 1907 . . 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907 . . 1907. . 1907.. 1907.. J. P. Whitney et al. Bryson N. White. C. H. Johnston et al Mineral claim. * Not yet approved. DEPARTMENT OF TBE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 3. List of Lots in the Yukon Territory surveys of which have been received from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908.— Concluded. Area in Acres. 88 51 89 51 90 18- 91 45- 92 51- 93 61- 94 51- 95 51- 96 49- 97 27' 98 122- 99 145 100 144 101 159 102 158' 103 32' 104 24' 105 44' 106 46- 107 11- 108 51- 109 28- 142 33- H2 62 ■08 VI ■65 65 ■66 64 si 17 4L> 01 •35 03 •35 ■80 •63 OS 62 ■78 66 ■66 61 Surveyor. N. A. Burwash. Year of Survey. Date of Approval. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1908.. Jan. ii it * Jan. it Feb. Feb. Jan. 23, 1908. 23, 1908. 23, 1908. 23, 1908. 23, 1908. 23, 1908. 23, 1908. 26, 1908. 26, 1908.. 23, 1908.. 22, 1908.. 22, 1908.. 22, 1908 . 23, 1908.. 22, 1908. . Claimant. A. C. Robertson cl al . J . Williams & A. La Rose . J. P. Whitney W. 8. Thomas J. Williams & A. La Rose . W. S. Thomas.. . Clara L. Walters B. J. McGee. . . W. J. Elmendorf C. P. Sea'le Florence Young . A. B. Palmer.... Remarks. Mineral Claim. GROUP No. 6. 23 80 5165 36 55 H. G. Dickson . 1907.. 1907.. R. H. Chadwick. Mineral"claim. GROUP No. 10. m 10 00 160 00 160 00 4000 12000 C. S. W. Barwell 1907.. 1907.. 1907.. 1907. 1907.. Sept. 13,1907.. 13,1907.. 13,1907.. ■i 13,1907.. Oct. 11,1907.. 9.3 C. E. Miller etal 24 25 26 A. B. Palmer ti Not yet approved. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b 29 APPENDIX No. 4. List of Miscellaneous surveys in the Yukon Territory, returns of which have been received from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908. Year. Surveyor. Description of Survey. 1907 1907 T. D. Green.... H. G. Dickson.. Base Line on Dago Gulch, a tributary of Hunker creek, it Burwash creek, a tributary of Kluane river. 30 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 5. Statement of work executed in the office of the chief draughtsman. Letters of instruction to surveyors 177 Progress sketches received and filed 1,002 Declarations of settlers received and filed 473 Plans received from surveyors 334 Field books received from surveyors 577 Timber reports received 56 Preliminary township plans prepared 369 Sketches made 1,352 Maps made 22 Tracings and miscellaneous plans made 154 Plans of Yukon lots received 76 Plans of miscellaneous Yukon surveys received 2 Tracings of Yukon survey plans made 87 Yukon lots reduced to 40 chains to 1 inch and plotted on group plans 96 Yukon traverses reduced to 40 chains to 1 inch and plotted on group plans 2 Returns of surveys examined — Township subdivision 362 Township outline 157 Road plans 233 Railway plans 112 Mineral claims 32 Timber berths 60 Correction and other miscellaneous surveys 55 Township plans compiled 604 Proofs of plans examined 539 Township plans printed 518 Townsites and settlements printed 5 Descriptions written 7 Pages of field notes copied 244 Traverse reductions made 28 Applications for various information dealt with 1,S69 Fyles received and returned 1,980 Letters drafted 4,993 Books received from record office and used in connection with office work 4,870 Books returned to record office 5,254 Plans other than township plans received from record office and used in connection with office work 552 Plans returned to record office 572 Volumes of plans received from record office and used in con- nection with office work 78 Volumes of plans returned to record office 74 Books sent to record office to be placed on record 494 Plans other than township plans sent to record office to be placed on record 476 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 5— Continued. Sectional maps (3 miles to 1 inch) — Revised £ Reprinted 2° New sheets compiled New sheets printed. . . New drawings of old worn out sheets 2 New tracings of old worn out sheets " Sectional maps (6 miles to 1 inch) — Reprinted ""j" New sheets printed ** Proofs of sectional sheets examined 110 32 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 6. List of new editions of sectional maps issued from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908. Scale 3 miles to an inch. No. Name. No. Port Moody . Yale Leth bridge. . . Milk River.. . Cypress Willowbunch. Lytton Medicine Hat Name. No. 67 Maple Creek. .. 08 Swift Current. . Ill Kamloops 164 Morley 165 Rosebud 168 The Elbow 171 Duck Mountain 172|Fairford Name. 215RedDeer 216 Sullivan Lake. . '263 Jasper 264 Brazeau 265 Peace Hills 266iRibstone Creek . 267 Battleford 268,Carlton No. Name. 269 Pr. Alberts. *313 Brule. 314 St. Ann. 319JPr. Albert N. *320 Carrot River. 365jVictoria. 366;Saddle Lake. *416 La Biche. SCALE 6 MILES TO AN INCH. Port Moody . Yale Lethbridge.. . Milk River.. Cypress Willowbunch Lytton 66 Medicine Hat 67 Maple Creek 68 Swift Current 69 Moosejaw 71 Brandon 72 Portage La Prairie . . Ill 165 171 172 '263 268 269 Kamloops Rosebud Duck Mountain.. Fairf ord Jasper Carlton Prince Albert S . 313'Brule 314 317 318 319 '320 365 St. Ann. Fort Pitt. Shell River. Pr. Albert N. Carrot River. Victoria. ' First edition. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 7 Statement of work executed in the Survey Records Office from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908. Files received and dealt with 10,466 Letters drafted 4,405 t 'laiis, tracings, &c, copied or compiled 369 Statutory declarations copied or mailed 506 Plans sent to agents, registrars. &c 28,545 Pages of field notes copied 2,348 Prints of plans received and stored 110,785 Original plans received and recorded 1,068 Original field note-; received and recorded 433 Letters written to agents 1,300 Registered parcels mailed. 1,741 Work done for Topographical Surveys Branch. Books searched for 8,018 Rooks sent 5,396 Books returned 6,250 Plans searched for 2.223 Plans sent 1,820 Plans returned 532 Volumes searched for 134 Volumes sent 77 Volumes returned 75 Work done for Patents Branch. Plans searched for 812 Plans sent 1,427 Plans returned 924 Field notes searched for 226 Field books sent 57 Field books returned 63 Work done for other Branches. Plans searched for 1,453 Plans sent 1.427 Clans returned.. 924 Field notes searched for 266 Field notes sent 240 Field notes returned 244 25b— 3 34 DEPARTMEyT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 8. Stathment of work executed in the Photographic Office from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908. FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. - 3}x3J 4x5 5x7 8x10 10x12 11 xl4 16x1813x20 24 x 30 30x36 36x42 I2x B Total . 133 "583 234 435 2^673 732 38 2 2 27 4 758 17 38 82 36 49 SI IS 8 12 1,607 1% 3.258 Vandyke prints Silver prints.. . . Lantern trans- Dry plate neg- 8G 39 51 7 15 86 966 Wet plate neg- 89 5 703 185 1,068 819 .. .. 814 Total .. . . 86 950 3,840 131 31 871 7S0' 1,132 85 41 33 20 8,000 FOR THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. - 3^x31 4x5 5x7 8x10 10 x 12 11 x 14 16 x 18 18x20 24x30 30x36 36x42 42 x 48 Total. Bromide prints. Silver prints... . ' ' 52 4 33 37 52 Total ... 52 4 33 89 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b 35 APPENDIX No. 9. Statement of work executed in the Lithographic Office from April 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908. M until. April May June July August September. October. . November. December.. 1907. 1908. January.. February . March Total . Maps. No. of Jobs. 6 9 4 19 2 6 in in 1 89 No. of Copies. 12,400 8,500 025 40,650 650 2,050 2,175 3,025 7,550 3,000 350 81,275 Townships. No. of Jobs. 50 4u 39 32 58 23 63 42 45 50 53 7S 573 No. of Copies. 10,000 8,000 7,800 6,400 11,600 4,600 12,600 8,400 9,000 10,000 10,600 15,600 114,600 FOBMS. No. of Jobs. 5 5 4 3 12 6 3 10 14 12 88 No. of Copies. 3,450 9,000 2,025 12,550 1,600 350 9,490 2,825 600 3,525 6,750 6,890 59,055 Summary of work for the year. Maps Townships Forms, &c Total No. of Jobs. 89 573 88 750 No. of Copies. No. of Impressions. 81,275 114,000 59,055 254,930 185,035 250,820 63,555 499,410 Cost. $ cts. 2,363 63 4,361 57 1,270 80 7,996 00 Cost per map or'form. $ cts. 26 55 7 60 14 45 25b— 3J DEPAKTUE\T OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 10. Names and duties of employees of the Topographical Surveys Branch at Ottawa. (Metcalfe street, corner of Slater street). Deville, E., D.T.S., LL.D., Surveyor General. CORSESPONDF.K( E AND ACCOUNTS. Brady. M., secretary. Hunter, K. H., accountant. Wilkinson, Percy, assistant accountant. Percival, Miss M. F., stenographer and typewriter. Cullen, M. J., stenographer and typewriter. Moran, J. F., stenographer and typewriter. Lynch, F., stenographer and typewriter. Williams, E. R., clerk. Pegg, A., massenger. Paquetle, Albert, messenger. OFFICE OF CHIEF DRAUGHTSMAN. Symes, P. B., chief draughtsman. Shanks, T., B.A.Sc, D.L.S., assistant to chief draughtsman. First Division — Instructions and General Information Brown, T. E., B.A., in charge of division. Weekes, M. B., B.A.Sc, D.L.S.. O.L.S. Umbach, J. E., Grad. S.P.S., D.L.S. Barber, H. G., Grad. S.P.S., D.L.S. Green, W. T., B.A., D.L.S. Rice, F. W., Grad. School of Mining. McRae, A. D., B.A., B.Sc. Carroll, M. J., Grad. S.P.S. Stewart, A. G., Grad. School of Mining. Grant, A. W., B.A. Belleau, J. A., D.L.S. Dodge, G. B. Sylvain, J. Oram, A. Rochon, E. C. Burkholder, E. L. McLaughlin, M. J. Gaudry, G. A. Grey, G. A. Second Division — Examination of Surveyors' Returns. Nash, T. S., Grad. S.P.S., D.L.S., in charge of division. Henderson, F. D., Grad. S.P.S.. D.L.S. Burgess, E L, Grad. S.P.S.. D.L.S., O.L.S. TOPOGRAPHICAL SUT.VEYS BRANCH 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b Dennis, E. M., B.Sc. Akins, J. E., B.Sc. dimming, A. L., B.Sc. Elder, A. J., Grad. S.P.S., D.L.S. Hill, S. N., Grad. S.P.S. Elwell, W., Grad. S.P.S. Maynard, F.H., Grad. R.M.C. Day, H. S., B.Sc. Sutherland, H. E., B.Sc. Morrier, J. E., D.L.S. Davies, T. A., D.L.S. Kitto, F. H., D.L.S. McClennan, W. D. Roger, A. Clunn, T. H. G. Robertson, D. F. Spreckley, R. O. Goodday, Leonard Williamson, F. II. H. Webb, G. C. Wilding, 0. H. Bray, R. P. Harrison, E. W. Ault, H. W. Macdonald, J. A. Third Division — Drawing Plans for Printing. Engler, Carl, B.A., D.L.S1., in charge of division. May, J. E. O'Connell, J. R. Moule, W. J. Villeneuve, E. J. Helmer, J. D. Archambault, E. Tremblay, A. Hutton, J. B. Brown. A. Bints, C. B. Dawson, R. J. Holbrook, C. H. Watters, James. Fourth Division — British Columbia Surveys. Rowan-Legg, E. L., in charge of division. Carson, P. A., B.A., D.L.S. Macllquham, W. L., B.Sc. Gillmore, E. T. B., Grad. R.M.C. Lawe, H., D.L.S. Morley, R. W. Weld, W. E. Wilson, E. D. 38 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Fifth Division — Imperial building, Queen street — Mapping. Smith, Jacob, in charge of division. Begin, P. A. Lepage, J. B. Blanchet, A. E. Davies, T. E. S. Taggart, C. H. Perrin, V. Genest, P. F. X. Bergin, W. Davy, Eugene. OFFICE OF THE GEOGRAPHER. (Woods building, Slater street.) White, J., geographer. Baine, H. E. Chalifour, J. E. Dumouchel, G. E Tache, H. Darrach, M. Wilson, H. W. Akerlindh, A. Anderson, W. Blatchley, H. M. Bennie, J. Wood, C. G. Craig, R. W. Chandler, S. Groulx, A. Gagnon, A. S. Inkster, F. B. Blue, W. Beveridge, James. MacElligot, J. P. Martin, Miss M. Perley. Pigeon, Jules. Waine, Mrs. D. E. Merrifield, J. R. SURVEY RECORDS OFFICE. (Canadian building, Slater street.) Steers, C. J., clerk in charge. Currie, P. W., B.A., B.Sc, D.L.S., assistant clerk in charge. Surtees, W. S., draughtsman. Sowter, T. W. E., draughtsman. Smith, F. W., draughtsman. Routh, C. F., draughtsman. Ashton, A. W., draughtsman. Lecourt, Eugene, draughtsman. Moore, R. T., draughtsman. Lambart, O. H., draughtsman and typewriter. Belleau, Eugene, draughtsman. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b Yeilding, Miss A., typewriter. Mudie, J. M., draughtsman. Gillis, W. C, draughtsman. Landry, Narcisse, messenger. LITHOGRAPHIC OFFICE. (Metcalfe street, corner of Slater street.) Moody, A., foreman. Thicke, C, engraver and lithographer. Thicke, H., power press printer. Bergin, J., power press printer. Deslauriers, J. H., transferrer. Boyle, S., stone polisher. Gagnon, J., press feeder. PHOTOGRAPHIC OFFICE. (Metcalfe street, corner of Slater street.) Topley, H. N., photographer in charge. Carruthers, H. K., photo-lithographer and photo-engraver. Woodruff, J., photographer. Whitcomb, H. E., photographer. Morgan, W. E., photographer. Kilmartin, A., photographer. Devlin, A., photographer. Ouimet, Geo., photographer. . GEOGRAPHIC BOARD. (Woods building, Slater street.) Whitcher, A. H., D.L.S., secretary. 40 DEPARTUEST OF THE lyTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 11. List of Dominion Land Surveyors who have been supplied with Standard Measures. Name. Address. Austin, G. F Aylen, 3 Aylsworth, C. F. . Biker, J. C Harwell, C. S. W Bayne, G. A Beatty, D . ."i, J. a. Bigger, C. A Bolton, L Boswell, E. J . Bourgeault, A Bourgault, C. K . . Bourget, C. A an, H. J.. . . Brabazon, A. J... . Brady, J Brav, S Bray, E Bray, L. T Bridgland, M. P. Brownlee. J. H. Burke, W Burnet, U Burwash, N. A. . Burwell, H. M.. . Carbert, J. A . . . Carpenter, II. S. Carroll, C. . .. Carson. P, A. Cautley, R, H Cautley, K. W Cavana, \. I r. Charlesworth, L. C. . Chilver, ('.A. ... Christie, W Coates, P. C Cleveland. E. A Cdte, J. A C6te, J. L Cotton, A. F Craig, J. D. .. Date of Appointment. Dewdney, Alta April Ayliner, Que May, Madoc, Ont Vermilion, Alta Dawson, Yukon Territory Aug. Winnipeg, Man April Parry Sound, Ont ■• Beatty, \Y Delta, Ont Belanger, P. R. A Ottawa, Ont.. . May Dalton, ig-s. Davies, ')'. A. Deans, \V. .1 . Dennis, J. S. . 1872 1885 lssi; 1906 1894 1872 1872 1872 1880 Remarks. Listowell, Ont Winnipeg, Man St. .Iran Port Jo i. Que. Levis. Que. Berlin. Ont Ottawa. Ont May Victoria, B.C Minnedosa, Manitoba Victoria, B.C Whitehorse, Yukon Terrifr ry Vancouver, B.C Medicine Hat, Alta Regina, Sask Prince Albert, Sask Ottawa, Ont Mar. April Feb. Mar. Feb. May Feb. Inspect) r of Surveys, Topograp- hical Surveys Branch, Dept. of Interior. 15, 1883 Topographical Surveys Branch, Dept. of Interior. Astronomer, Dept. of Interior. Golden, B.C. i Ittawa, Ont. Oakville, Ont Amherstburg, Ont. Calgary, Alta Edmonton, Alta. Orillia, Ont Edmonton, Alta Walkerville, Ont Chesley, eei\ Alta . . Niagara Falls, Ont. Gravenhurst, Ont. . Levis, Que Toronto, Ont Garden, C Garner, A. C Gauvreau, L. P Gibbon, J Gordon, M. L Gordon, R. J.. ..... Gore, T. S Green, T. D Green, W. T Grover, G. A . . . . Harris, J. W Winnipeg, Man Harvey.C. . Indian Head, Sas Mar. April Feb. Mar. Nov. Feb. Auj?. April June May April Winnipeg, Man South Qu'Appelle, Sa^k May Riviere du Loup. Que April Dawson, Yukon Territory Feb. Vancouver, B.C Stirling, Alta Mar. Victoria, B. C April Daw on, Yukon Territory. . . May Ottawa, Ont Feb. Norwood, Ont Feb. April Feb. Hawkins, A. H Listowel, Ont Mar. Heatbcott, B. V Edmonton, Alta May Henderson, W Chilliwack, B.C Nov. Holcroft, H. S Toronto, Ont Feb. Hopkins, M. W Edmonton, Alta Hubbell, E. W Ottawa, Ont May Irwin, J. M .' (Kenora, Ont James, S 'Toronto, Ont . . . JephRon, R. J Winnipeg, Man . Johnson, A. W Kamloops, B.C. King, W. F Ottawa, Ont. . . . April April May Mar. Nov. Kimpe, M Edmonton, Alta May Kirk, J. A Revelstoke, B.C May Klotz, O. J Ottawa, Ont Nov. Knight, R. H Edmonton. Alta. Latimer, F. H Detroit, Micb Laurie, R. C Battleford, Sask Lawe, H jOttawa, Ont . . . . Lemoine, C. E jQuebec, Que Lendrum, R. W Strathcona, Alta. Feb. April Mar. May 1, 19, 14, 22, 14. 6, 14, 23, 24, 30, 29, 14, 22, 23, 20, 12, IS, 22, 13, 14, 17, 13, 14, 14, '-'7. 14, 12, IS, 12, 19, 19, •-'!'. IS, 14, 17, 0. 13, 17, IS. 20, 19, 1*2 1SS9 1S72 1906 1S72 1888 1SS3 1SS7 1878 Remarks. Dept. of Public Works for Sas- katchewan. Asst. Land Commissioner, C. P.R. Dominion Topographical Sur- veyor. Swamp Land Commissioner. L883 1SS2 1 872 1899 1905 1901 1902 1876 Dominion Topographical Surv. 1893, 1892 1S72 1875 18S0 1872 1872 1907 1872 1891 1904 1902 1879 1884 1907 1904 1872 I itv Surveyor, Winnipeg. 1904 1906 190; 1883 1903 1901 1884 . 1872 1872 1S.SO 1902 1876 190; 1880 1877 1904 1885 1883 1872 1SSL' 1880 Topographical Surveys Branch Dept. of Interior, President of D.L.S. Association. Dominion Topographical Sur- veyor, Chief Astronomer, Dept. of Interior. Dominion Topographical Sur- veyor, Astronomer, Dept. of the Interior. 42 DEPARTMEST OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 11. List of Dominion Land Surveyors who have been supplied with Standard Measures. — Continued. Name. Address. Lonergan, G. J. . Buckingham, Que Lumsden, H. D Ottawa, Out MacPherson, C. W Dawson, Yukon Territory Magrath, C. A Lethbridge, Alta Malcolm, L Blenheim, Ont . . . Meadows, W, W. . Maple Creek, Sask Miles, C. F Toronto, Ont Moberly, H. K Innisfail, Alta Molloy, J Winnipeg, Man Montgomery, R. H Prince Albert, Sask . Moore, H. H Calgary, Alta Mc Arthur, J. J Ottawa, Ont McColl, G. B Winnipeg, Man. Date of Appointment. Feb. 28, 1901 April 14, Mar. 7, Nov. 16, April 14, Feb. 23, 1872 I '.inn 1881 1872 1905 Remarks. April 14. 1S72 McFadden, M Neepawa, Man Feb. McFarlane, W. G McFee, A McGrandle, H . . . McKenna, J. J McKenzie, J Toronto, Out .May Innisfail, Alta Feb. Wetaskiwin, Alta May Dublin, Ont April 14, New Westminster, B.C Nov. 18, Feb. 27, April 14, Feb. 23, Feb. 17, 17. H 19, 19, 30, Mar. McLean, J. K Ottawa, Ont. . MacLennan, A. L Toronto, Ont. McMillan, G Ottawa, Ont . . McPherson, A. J. McPhillips, G .. McVittie, A. W. Nash, T. S Ogilvie, W O'Hara, W. F..". Ord, L. R Parsons, J. L. R. Patrick, A. P.... Pearce, W Phillips, E. H. April 1, Feb. 23, ,i 22, 1903 1872 1905 1904 1879 1907 1872 1905 1879 1883 1872 1S88 1882 1905 1906 Inspector of Surveys, ToiXJgrap- hical Surveys Branch, Dept. of Interior. Chief Engineer Trans. Ry. Director of Surveys, Y.T. Dominion Topographical Sur- veyor, Land Commissioner, Alberta Railway and Coal Co. District Surveyor and Town Engineer. Inspector of Surveys, Topo- graphical Surveys Branch, Dept. of Interior. Dawson, Yukon Territory. . . . I u 21, Windsor, Ont June 17, Blairmore, Alta Mar. 30, Ottawa, Ont Feb. 18, Ottawa, Ont April 14, Ottawa, Ont Feb. 19, Winnipeg, Man April 1, Regina, Sask . Feb. 23, Calgary, Alta Nov. 19, 1901 1875 1882 1904 Calgary, Alta . . . Saskatoon, Sask . May Feb. 1". 24, Ponton, A. W Macleod, Alta May 18, Proudfoot, H. B Saskatoon, Sask Mar. 28, Rainboth, E. J . Rainboth, G. C. Reid, J. L Reilly, W. R Richard, J. F.. . Rinfret, E Ritchie, J. F... Rol>ertson, H. H . Roberts, S. A Roberts, V. M... Robinson, F. J . . . Rombough, M. I'... Ottawa, Ont May 19, Aylmer, Que ... April 14, Ottawa, Ont 14, Regina, Sask Nov. 17, Ste Anne de la Pocatiere, Que.. May 13, Montreal, Que Feb. 20, Nelson, B.C I.Jan. 7, Monttnagny, Que April 14, Victoria, B.C May 16, Sturgeon Falls, Ont „ 17, Regina, Sask I Feb. 22, 1S72 1895 1882 1905 1877 1880 1902 1881 1SSL' 1881 is:- 1872 1881 1882 1900 1889 1872 1885 1886 1906 Topographical Surveys Branch, Dept. of Interior, secretary- treasurer of the D.L.S. Assn. Morden, Man April 14, 1872 Dominion Lands Agent, New Westminster. Dept. of Indian Affairs. Inspector of Surveys, Topo- graphical Surveys Branch, Dept. of Interior. Dominion Topographical Sur- veyor. Dept. of Public Works for Sas- katchewan. Boundary Surveys, Dept. Interior. Dept. of Indian Affairs. Dept <>f Public Works for Sas- katchewan. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 11. 43 List of Dominion Land Surveyors who have been supplied with Standard Measu res. — Concluded. Name. Rorke, L. V ... Ross, G Ross, J. E Roy, G. P Saint Cyr, J. B. Saint Cyr, A Saunders, B. J. . Seager, E Selby, H. W... Seymour, H. L . Sewell, H. deQ. Shaw, C. A. E. . Shepley, J. D. . . Smith, C. C Speight, Thos . . Stacey, A. G Starkey, S. M... Stewart, G. A . . Stewart, L. B . . . Stewart, E Stewart, W. M.. . Talbot, A. C . Taylor, A Teasdale, CM... Thompson, \V. T. Tracy, T. H.... Tremblay, A. J Towle, C E ... Turnbull, T Tyrrell, J. W . . . Vaughan, J. W Vicars, J Waddell, W. H. . Waldron, J Walker, E. W.. Wallace, J. N. . . Warren, J Watt, G. H Weekes, A. S .. Weekes, M. B... Wheeler, A. 0.. White-Fraser, G. W. R. Wiggins, T. H. Wilkins, F. W. Wilkinson, W. D. Woods, J. E Young, W. B Young, W. H.. .. Address. Toronto, Ont Welland, Ont ,.. Kamloops. B.C Quebec, Que Ste. Anne de la Perade, Que Ottawa, Ont Edmonton, Alta Kenora, Ont Toronto, Ont Edmonton, Alta Toronto, Ont Victoria, B.C Leamington, Ont Brampton, Ont Toronto, Ont Ottawa, Ont Starkey's P.O., N.S Calgary, Alta Toronto, Ont Ottawa, Ont . Hamilton, Ont Calgary, Alta Winnipeg, Man Concord, Ont Fort Qn'Appelle, Sask. Vancouver, B.C Les Eboulements, Que Magog, Que Winnipeg, Man Hamilton, Ont Vancouver, B.C Kamloops, B.C Hamilton, Ont Moosejaw, Sask Regina, Sask Calgary, Alta.. . . Walkerton, Ont . . Ottawa, Ont Clinton, Ont Ottawa, Ont Calgary, Alta Ottawa, Ont . . . Regina, Sask. . Norwood, Ont. Toronto, Ont . . Frank, Alta Winnipeg, Man.. Lethbridge, Alta Date of Appointment. Nov. Feb. Nov. Feb. Nov. April Nov. Feb. May Mar. Feb. Nov. Feb. April ii Nov. April June May June Mar. Nov. April Feb. April Mar. Feb. June May Mar. April Mar. Feb. April Feb. Nov. 13, 21, 12, 17, 17, 17, 16, 14, 15, TJ, 16, 10, 12, 22, Hi. 22, 14, 14, 22, 1891 1882 1901 1881 1887 1887 1884 1872 1882 11106 iaso 1880 1906 1906 1882 1906 1872 1872 1882 1872 1907 18S0 1904 1906 1877 1872 1890 1872 1882 1887 1878 1886 1907 1907 1907 1900 1872 1902 1892 1903 1882 Feb. 21, 1888 May Feb. Nov. Mar. May 18, IS 22, 14, 25, Hi, 1886 1881 1893 1885 1905 1907 Remarks. Dominion Topographical Sur- veyor, Professor of Surveying, School of Practical Science. Dominion Topographical Sur- veyor. City Engineer, Vancouver. Dept. of Public Works for Sa katchewan. Topographer of the Depart ment of the Interior. Dominion Topographical Sur- veyor. Dominion Topographical Sur- veyor. 44 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 12. Examination Papers of the Board of Examiners for Dominion Land Surveyors. EXAMINATION FOR ADMISSION AS ARTICLED PUPIL — FULL PRELIMINARY. XXXI. February 11 to H, 1908. PENMANSHIP AND OKTHOGKAPHY. Write out correctly the following: The proputty witch sault posesses of preszerving annimle substainses from pewtrifacshun is reezolved by Liebig into too more jennerel lause, the strong atracshun of sault for watter, and the nessessity of the presents of watter as a condishon of pewtrefashun. The mtermeadiet fennomennon v. itch is interpellated betwean the remoat caws and the efekt can hear be not mearly infered but sean ; for it is a fammilyer fakt that flesh uppon witch sault has bin throne is speadely fownd swiming in bryne. Wun has, two a sertin exstent, a powwer to awlter his karaktar. Its being in the ultimmet ressort, fourmd for him, is not inkoncistent with its bceing, in part, fourmd by him as wun of the intermeadget ajence. His karektar is fourmd buy his serkumstanses (inklewding amung theas his partikuller orgenisashun), but bis owen desyer to mold it in a partikkeller weigh, is one of thows sercumstanzes. ami buy no menes the leest inflewenshel. We kannut, indede dirrektlie wil to bee difcrnnt from wot wee arr. But neether did thows hoo arr supowsd to have fourmd ower knraktres, dyrrektlie wil that we shood bee wot wee arr. There wil hadd no dyrekt powwer exept ovar there owen axions. They maid us wot they did maike us, buy nott the end. butt the rekwisit menes; and wo. wen ower habbits are not two invetteret, can. by simmillarly wiling the rekwisit menes, maike owerselfs diferant. If they cood plaice us under the inflewents of sertin serkumstanzes, we, in lyke manor, can plaice ower- selfs under the inflewents of other serkumstanzes. Wee arr exaktlie as kaipabel of maiking ower owen karraktcr, if ire wil, as othars arr of maiking it four uss. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b ARITHMETIC AND LOGARITHMS. Marks. (Time, S hours.) 1. Find the H.C.F. of 126025 and 40115; and of 12321 and 54345. 12 2. Find the Least Common Multiple of 50, 338, 675. 702 and 9.75. 12 3. How long would a column of men, extending 3420 feet in length, take to march through a street a mile long at the rate of 58 paces a minute, each pace being 30 inches ? 12 4. Find the square root of 3 to seven places of decimals ; and the cube root of 27054-036008. 16 6. If log sin a = 9-2873493 log tan b = 1-7854321 n log cos c = 8-9583428 Find a, b, and c and the angle whose tangem is tan b cos c. If, further, log tan d = 1-7854321, find b + d. 16 6. Find from the Tables, log 23-487, log -023487, log sec 97° 23' 54" log sin 118° 23' 37"-3 16 7. Find by logarithms the value of (93-285)? X (0-85M X (0035)4 -^- (107-34)| 16 ALGEBRA. (Time, S hours.) Marks. 1. Reduce to its lowest terms 2 a4 -I- 3 a2x— 9 a2x2 6 o4x — 17 a3x2 + 14 a-ar* — Sax* 12 2. Find the least common multiple of 6 (a2 — o2) (a — b)3, 9 (a4 — V) (a — b)2 and 12 (a2 — Z>2)3. 13 3. Simplify : v+y x — y j x2+y2 x2-xf- \ _ \x- I x2 — y2 x2-\-y2 ) I .r- x+y ) 15 4. A party were to divide their expenses equally. Had there been three persons more and each paid 5 cents more, the bill would have been $3.75 more; but if there had been 10 persons less, and each had paid 7 cents less, it would have been $9.56 less. How many persons were there and how much did each pay ? 15 46 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Marks. 5. Solve the simultaneous equations : x+y+ z = a + b + c bx -\- cy -f- az = ex -f- ay + bz = ab 4- be -f- ca 6. Solve the equations: 2 ( ,V+ x-h\ = 5 (z2 + o) (x + &)=«& 7. Divide 40 into two such parts that the sum of their squares shall he 818. 15 15 15 PLANE GEOMETRY. First Paper. (Time, S hours.) Marks. 1. What is the difference between an axiom and a postulate? What is meant by ' reductio ad absurdum ' ? 12 2. If two triangles have two sides of the one equal to two sides of the other, each to each, and also the angles included by the equal sides equal, the triangles are equal in all respects. 12 3. In what cases does equality of three of the six parts (three sides, three angles) each to each in two triangles, involve equality of the tri- angles ? 12 4. All the exterior angles of any rectilinear figure, made by producing the sides successively in the same direction, are together equal to four right angles? 12 5. The sum of the angles of a square is equal to four right angles. Is the converse true? If not, why not? 13 C. If a straight line be bisected and produced to any point, the square on the whole line thus produced, and the square on the part of it pro- duced, are together double of the square on half the line bisected, and of the square on the line made up of the half and the part pro- duced. 13 7. What algebraic proposition corresponds to the proposition in Question 6? State the geometric proposition corresponding to the algebraic one: (a + b) (a — bj + fo2 = rt2. 13 8. Wherein is a geometrical proof of the properties of squares or rectangles with relation to their areas, more complete than an algebraic one? 13 TOPOGRAPHICAL SVRVEYS BRANCH 47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b PLANE GEOMETRY. Second Paper. Marks. (Time, 8 hours.) 9. Describe a square that shall be equal to a given rectilineal figure. 12 10. If in a circle two straight lines cut one another, which do not both pass through the centre, they do not bisect each other. 12 11. The opposite angles of any quadrilateral figure inscribed in a circle, are together equal to two right angles. 12 12. From a given circle cut off a segment which shall contain an angle equal to a given rectilineal angle. 12 13. To describe a circle about a given triangle. 13 14. What is meant by incommensurable magnitudes? Give a geometrical instance of incommensurability. • 13 15. If an angle of a triangle be bisected by a straight line which cuts the opposite side, the segments into which this side is divided are in the same ratio as the other sides of the triangle; and conversely. 13 16. In equal circles, angles, whether at the centres or circumferences have the same ratio which the arcs on which they stand have to one another; so also have the sectors. 13 PLANE TRIGONOMETRY. Marks. (Time, 8 hours.) 1. Deduce the expression for the area of a triangle in terms of its sides. 16 2. Prove that sin (A+B) sin {A — B) = sin2 A — sin2 B, and that cos (A + B) cos (A — B) = cos2 A — sin2 B. 16 8. Given a = 35 -3, 6 = 54-7, 4=33° 25' solve the triangle. 17 4. Given 6 = 17-34, c = 29-85, A = 125° 43,' find a. (Do not solve by natural trigonometric functions.) 17 5. Given A =25° 33', 5 = 117° 08'; a = 125-33, find C jit 6. Given a = 23-5, 6 = 37-7, c = 31-2, find the angles. jit 48 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 Marks. SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY. (Time, 3 hours.) 1. State Napier's rules for the solution of right-angled spherical triangles. 20 Deduce similar rules for the solution of triangles in which one side is a quadrant. 2. Given c = 145°, a = 25°, C — 90° ; solve the triangle. 20 3. Given 6 = 123° 15', c = 135°10', A =15° 27'; find a. 20 4. Given B = 140° 10', C = 55° 42', a = 63° 26'; find A. 20 5. Given A = 125°, B = 135°, C = 85°; find a. 20 Note. — Do not u*e natural trigonometric functions in the solution of triangles. MENSURATION. Marks. (Time, g Jtours.) 1. The sides of a triangular field are 3-54, 12-62 and 11 -33 chains. Find the area in acres. 14 2. The perimeter of a field which has the form of a triangle similar to that in question 1 is 41 -31 chains. What is its area '< 14 3. What fraction of the earth's surface lies between latitudes 50° and 60°, and between longitudes 90° and 120° ? 14 4. On a certain map it is found that an area of 16,000 acres is represented by an area of 6 -25 square inches. Determine the scale of the map in miles to the inch. 14 5. A right circular cylinder and a right circular cone stand on equal bases and are of the same altitude, the altitude being equal to the length of a diameter of either base. Find the ratio (a) of the curved sur- faces; (b) of the whole surfaces of the cone and cylinder. 15 6. A cylindric tube 8 feet long and 2 feet 6 inches in diameter is closed at each end by a hemisphere. Find the area of the whole external sur- face. 15 7. The area of a field determined by chain measurement is afterwards found to be greater than it should be by one-fortieth part. What was the true length of the chain with which the first measurement was made? 14 Examination for Admission as Articled Pupil — Limited Preliminary. NIX. February 11, 190S. First Paper. Marks. (Time, S hours.) 1. Penmanship and Orthography. (Same as in the Full Preliminary Ex-j 50 animation.) / 200 TOPOGRAPHICAL SVRTETS BRAXCH 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b Marks. 2. Given log 1 -944 = 0 -28869627 and log 1-728 = 0-23754373 find the logarithms of 45 and 75. 50 3. Two travellers A and B set out at the same time from two places, P and Q, and travel so as to meet. When they meet it is found that A has travelled 30 miles more than B, and that it will take A and B 4 days and 9 days respectively to complete their journeys. Find the dis- tance between P and Q. 50 4. Find the value of Vo -\-bx-\- y/a — bx lac — — when x = 50 V«+ to" — V°— bx 6 (1 -f c2) 5. If a quadrilateral figure is bisected by one diagonal, the second diagonal is bisected by the first. 50 6. From the formula c2 = a2 -f- b2 — 2ab cos G, and the analogous formula? for the squares on the other sides, prove that a b c 50 Sin A Sin B Sin C. 7. Prove that (cos A + cos B)2 + (sin A + sin B)2 = 4 cos2 £ (A — B). 50 8. Similar triangles are to one another as the squares on their homologous sides. 50 Second Paper. (Time, $ hours.) Marks. 9. Two chimneys are of equal height. A person standing between them in the straight line joining their bases observes the elevation of the nearer one to him to be 60°. After walking 80 feet in a direction at right angles to the straight line joining their bases, he observes the elevations of the two to be 45° and 30°. Find their height, and the distance between them. 50 10. If the surface areas of a sphere, a cube and a regular tetrahedron are equal to one another, find the ratios of the diameter of the sphere, to the side of the cube and the edge of the tetrahedron. 50 11. Prove that the straight line bisecting an angle of a triangle, either internally or externally, divides the opposite side into parts which are in the same ratio as the other sides of the triangle. 50 12. Apply the preceding proposition to find the locus of a point whose distances from two given points are in a given ratio. 50 13. Given b => 99° 41'; c = 100° 50'; A = 65° 33', find a. (Do not use natural trigonometric functions.) 50 14. Given c = 75° 31'; a = 90° ; B = 30° 53', find the other parts. 50 15. Find the value of '28\A (S)f+(ir+C-)KS)' 50 25b— 4 50 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Final Examination for Dominion Land Surveyor. XXXIX. (February 11 to 18, 1908.) PENMANSHIP AND ORTHOGRAPHY. Marks. (Time, 8 hours.) The same paper is used as in the full preliminary examination. ( 50 \ 200 ALGEBRA. Marks. (Time, 8 hours.) 1. Find the G. C. M. of 2x5 —11x2 _ 9 and 4a.5 + llx* _j_ si; and the L. C. M. of x3 — 6s2 4- lis — 6, x3 — 9s2 4- 26s — 24, and x3 — 8x2 4- 19x — 12. 10 2. Simplify mz + n* n —m /rn? — n2 \ 1 ~ 1 \w? + n3) ' m a and o + 3. Solv f 10 — a\3 t — 2a — & \x + bj x + o-H26 * •72x — -05 and 4 -8x = 1 -6x 4- 8 -9 10 4. Two persons, A and B, could finish a work in m days; they worked to- gether n days when A was called off and B finished it in p days. In what time could each do it? 10 5. Solve the simultaneous equations: x-\-y-\-z = a+b-\-c, bx -\- cy -\- az =.• ex 4- ay -\- bz = ab -\- be + ca. 10 6. Show that the G. C. M. of two quantities is the G. C. M. of their common measures. 10 7. Solve x-1+x-j=6, and x + V (5* + 10) =8. 10 8. Find that number wh^se square added to its cube is nine times the next highest number. 10 9. What are eggs a dozen when two more in 24 cents worth lowers the price two cents per dozen? 10 10. Divide a given line into two parts such that twice the square on one part may be equal to the rectangle contained by the whole line and the other part. 10 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b PLANE GEOMETRY. Marks, (Time, S hours.) 1. Describe a circle about a given triangle. 18 2. Prove that the perimeter of a triangle is less than the perimeter of any triangle which is drawn completely surrounding it. 18 S. Construct a rectangle equal to the sum of two given triangles. 19 ■i. In a triangle, BAG is the greatest angle. Prove that if a point D be taken in AB and a point E in AC, BE is less than BO. 19 5. Construct geometrically a (a — x) := .r2 where a represents the length of a line. 19 C. If two chords of a circle when produced intersect at a point without the circle, the rectangle contained by the segments of one chord is equal to the rectangle contained by the segments of the other chord. 19 7. If one pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle inter- sect at a fixed point, the other pair of opposite sides intersect on a fixed straight line. 19 8. If an angle of a triangle be bisected internally or externally by a straight line which cuts the opposite side, or that side produced, the ratio of the segments of that side is equal to the ratio of the other sides of the triangle. 19 SOLLD GEOMETRY. Marks. (Time, S hours.) 1. Name the regular solids and give for each the number of faces, corners and edges. 8 2. The sum of any two plane angles of a trihedral angle is greater than the third angle. 8 3. If two intersecting planes be at right angles to the same plane, their com- mon section is at right angles to it. 8 4. Polygons formed by cutting the faces of a polyhedral angle by parallel planes are similar to one another. 8 5. If the edge of a tetrahedron is 10 inches, what is the radius in inches of the sphere of equal volume? 11 6. If the edge of a tetrahedron is 10 inches, what is the radius in inches of a, sphere of equal surface? 11 7. If the annual rainfall in the Khasi Hills is 610 inches, what is the weight of water yearly received by an acre, a cubic foot of water weighing 62 -5 lbs. ? 10 8. A cylinder 10 inches in diameter and 20 inches high is half full of water; into it is placed vertically a wooden cone, base 8 inches in diameter, height 10 inches, specific gravity of the wood -5; how high will the water rise in the cylinder? 11 25b— 4J 52 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY. (Time, S hours.) cos a — cos b cos c Marks. 1. Prove cos A- sin b sin c 13 2. Deduce tan i (A +B)= C0S * j° , ^ cot A C. 14 cos J (a + o) „ _ , , | cos 8 cos (S — 4) 3. Deduce tan i a= - — — — — 14 •O cos (S — B) cos (iS — V) 4. Prove Napier's rules 14 5. Given a = 68° 20', 6 = 52° 18'; C = 117° 12', find c. 14 6. The sides of a triangle are 105°, 90° and 75° respectively, find the sines of all the angles. 14 7. Given B = 70° , O = 100°, a = 40°, find A. 14 8. Given a = 32° 12', I) = 30° 15', c = 28° 18', find C. 14 9. Taking the radius of the earth as 4,000 miles, what is the approximate area of the triangle in square miles, whose spherical excess is 1"? 14 MEASUREMENT OF AREAS AND SUBDIVISION OF LAND. First Paper. Marks. (Time, S hours.) 1. In a triangular field, AB = 10 eh., BC = 14 ch., CA = 12 ch.; through the point within the field distant 8 chs. from A, and 6 chs. from B, a line is drawn bisecting the field; find the length of the dividing line. 17 2. Divide a quadrilateral in a given ratio by a straight line starting from a given point in one of the sides. 17 3. If the diameter of the sun is 800,000 miles, that of the earth 8,000, and their distance apart 92,000,000 miles, what is the limiting value in lati- tude of the circle of illumination at the time of the equinoxes, and what proportion of the earth's surface is directly illuminated, neglecting refraction. 17 4. Through the northerly part of Sec. 3, Tp. 33, R. 5, W. of 3rd M., runs a railway, width of right-of-way 100 ft. ; the centre line crosses the western boundary of the section 10 :20 ch. from the N.W. corner, and continues on a course N. 60° E. The part of the section lying south of the railway is to be divided into equal parts by a straight line running from the quarter section post on the southern boundary. What is the azimuth and length of the dividing line? 17 5. A kite-shaped race track is 50 ft. wide. The centre-line, half a mile long, is composed of two tangents, including an angle of 60°, and a circular arc connecting them. What is the length of the tangents, and what is the area of the track? 16 6. What is the Tatio of the perimeters enclosing an area of n acres, by a circle, equilateral triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon and octagon? If! TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAXCH 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b MEASUREMENT OF AREAS AND SUBDIVISION OF LAND. Second Paper. (Time, S hours.) 7. The following are the notes of a survey: chains. Marks. 1. S. 69° 15' E. 706 2. N. 37° 15' E. 5-93 3. N. 39° 30' W. 6 00 4. S. 57° 45' W. 4-65 5. S. 30° 00' W. 4-98 Find the area by the method of Latitudes and Departures, first ' balancing ' the survey. 40 8. Express the conditions necessary for a closed survey by two equations. (a) From these show what missing data in a survey can be supplied. (6) Show when ambiguity may arise, and how the supplying of missing data affects balancing the survey. 20 9. Explain by diagram fully the rule: ' Twice the area of the figure is equal to the algebraic sum of the products of the double meridian distances of the several courses into the corresponding latitudes.' 20 What is the method of balancing a survey: (a) On the assumption that the error of closure is as much due to erroneous bearings as to erroneous chaining? (fc) On the assumption of erroneous chaining alone? What is the true area of the above field if the chain was one link too short? 20 10. DESCRIPTIONS. (Time, 3 hours.) Marks. FOURTH ST. A'. 75" E. k 75' 75' 75' S 12 S 11 10g 3 . 1 2 3'S 75' 75' 75' THIRD ST. N. 75- E. 60 The above is part of the registered plan of the town of Holly in the County of Tweed and Province of Alberta. A sells to B a part of lot No. 1, and adjoining John and Third streets. The part sold is to have a front- age of forty feet on Third street to extend to the rear of the lot and the dividing line to be parallel to John street. Make a description for a deed. 25 54 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Marks. -2. Using the plan of question 1. Supposing A to own lots Nos. 1 and 2, he sells lot No. 2 to B, and gives the right of ingress and egress to B by a ■lane, 16 feet wide, running along the whole of the rear limit of lot No. 1. Make the necessary description for the conveyance. 25 3. Moose Creek flows across the N. E. \ S. 12, T. 13, R. 15 W. in an easterly direction. B desires to buy the northerly part of the quarter section lying north of the creek, together with the creek. From measurement the southerly bank of the creek intersects the eastern and western quarter section lines respectively at 22ch 12 and 20011 18 from the northern quarter section line. The whole area to be conveyed is supposed to contain 85 acres. Make a description for a deed. 25 4. Make a description for the remaining part of the quarter section given in question 3. 25 ASTRONOMY. First Papei!. Marks. (Time, S hours.) 1. Explain fully the equation of time, why it varies and when it is a maxi- mum. A diagram is desirable. 14 2. The longitude of Ottawa is 5h. 02m. 52s. What kind of time is this? Why? 14 3. In latitude 45° 25', longitude 75° 43', what is the standard time of eastern elongation of Polaris, on May 27, 1004 \ 14 4. Without tables or computation give the approximate local mean time of eastern elongation of Polaris for any place in Ontario on the 20th of each month in the year. 14 •5. For the same place and time as question 3, what was the azimuth of 8 Urs. Min. at western elongation? 8 = 86° 36' 46"; a = 18h. 02m. 36s. 14 ■6. On the same date the observed altitude of Arcturus when on the prime vertical was 45° 38'. What is the latitude of the place? 15 "7. What is the standard time of sunrise for the place and time of question 3? 15 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b 55 ASTRONOMY. Second Paper. (Time, S hours.) Maries. 8. On the 4th Base Line, R, V-VI, W. of 3rd M. on May 27, 1904, in the forenoon the mean of the observed altitudes of the upper and lower limb of the sun was 42° 13' 30" when a watch showed 9h. 02m. 14s. What was the azimuth of the sun, and what was the error of the watch on standard time? 17 9. In question 8, what was I he true local sidereal time of observation? 17 10. What is the longitude of the place for which the time shown by the watch in question 8, was at that instant the local sidereal time? 17 11. On the 20th June, 1904, the altitude of the sun's centre a,t its lower or northern culmination was 10° 32'. What was the latitude of the place of observation? 17 12. What is the standard time of rising for Arcturus for the time and place in question 8? 13 13. What is the right ascension of a star that crosses the meridian of place and date of question 8 at 10 p.m. local mean time? 16 MANUAL OF SURVEY. First Paper. (Time, S hours.) 1. Where are the Initial Meridians now in use? 2. Between what townships is the 73rd correction line? 3. How is the deficiency or surplus on the meridians between two base lines Marks. 3 3 4 11 II disposed of? 4. Define a bearing and an azimuth. p 5. To what meridian is a bearing referred in subdividing a township, and how is it deduced from an observed azimuth? 6. What is to be done when the road allowance on a correction line is less than 80 links wide? 5 1. In closing a correction line on an initial meridian, what is to be done when the meridian intersects the jog? 7 8. Give the rules to be observed in measuring a distance by means of a tri- angle. 5 9. When is a quarter section considered as sufficiently surveyed for disposal? 5 10. What are the limits of error in a, township subdivision survey? 8 11. Describe the different kinds of posts, mounds, pits and trenches used in the present system of surve.y ; show how and where they are placed. 20 12. How is a settlement surveyed? 11 13. How is a group lot surveyed ? 7 56 DEPARTMEyT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 MANUAL OF SURVEY. Second Paper. .Maiks. (Time, S hours.) 14. By what considerations is a surveyor to be guided in deciding whether a road allowance shall or shall not be left along the boundary of an Indian reserve when subdividing a township? 4 15. What connections have to be made in a township subdivision survey? 4 1G. For what purposes are traverses made in connection with surveys of Dominion lands? 5 17. Define the bank, the shore and the bed of a body of water. 8 18. What are the rights of the owner of a piece of land fronting on a lake or river? 11 19. What are the bodies of water to be surveyed in subdividing a township, and what are those which are not to be surveyed? 9 20. In what cases is the area of the bed of a river to be deducted from the area of a quarter section crossed by it? 6 21. When are both banks of a river to be traversed? 4 22. What is to be done when the edge of a marsh varies ten chains or more according to the height of water? 8 23. How are the following posts to be marked? (a) At the corner between sections 19, 20, 29 and 30, township 59, range 19, east of the principal meridian. (&) At the southerly corner between sections 4 and 5, township 67, range 22. west of the 3rd meridian. (c) At the southerly corner between sections 15 and 16, township 31, range 14, west of the 2nd meridian. (On the north side of the road allowance between two different systems of survey.) (d) At the southerly corner of township 103, between ranges 13 and 14, west of the 4th meridian. (e) At the witness mound placed 9 chains north of the S.E. corner of section 12, township 47, range 9, west of the 5th meridian. 20 24. Define a resurvey, a retracement, a restoration survey, an obliterated corner, and a lost corner. 8 25. Give the rules governing resurveys, retracements and restoration sur- veys. m 8 26. Under what circumstances is a subdivider justified in resurveying or re- tracing a township outline without instructions from the head office? 5 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b Examination for Certificate as Dominion Topographical Surveyor. February 11 to 18, 1908. XI. ALGEBKA. Marks. (Time, S hours.) 1. Show that /l /3 /5 /2n— 1> (/n)' 6 2. Find the number of ways in which (1) a selection, (2) an arrangement of four letters can be made from the letters of the word ' proportion.' 6 3. Find the sum of the products, two at a time, of the co-efficients in the expression of (1 + x)n, when n is a positive integer. 6 4. Prove that 1+JL + |± + ^^+ a = 2 6 5. Express J (eix + e"te) in ascending powers of x when i = \/-l. 5 (;. The integral part of — j— (\/3-f- \/5)2n + 1 and the integer next greater V 3 than (V3 + V5)2" are each divisible by 2" + i 6 7. A certain stake is to be won by the first person who throws an ace with an octahedral die. If there are 4 persons, what is the chance of the last? 5 S. Find the sum of the fifth powers of the roots of the equation: X4 _ 7x2 + 4» — 3 = 0 . 5 9. Calculate the value of the determinant : 3 2 1 4 15 29 2 14 16 19 3 17 33 39 8 38 PLANE AND SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY. (Time, S hours.) 1. Sum to n terms the series : Sin 3 6 sin 0 + sin 6 6 sin 2 $ + sin 12 6 sin 4 6 + Marks. 2. If x be the circular measure of a positive angle less than a right angle, 3 sin x is greater than x — 6 3. Compute the ratio (=7r) of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. 4. Solve the equations (1) sin 9 x + sin 5 x + 2 sin ix = \ (2) cos 3a sin 3a + — = 1 cos x sm x 5. (a) Explain the principle and derivation of addition and subtraction logarithms. (b) Give illustrations of applicability. 58 DEPARTitEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Marks. 6. Given the equation tan z = - — to express z in a series of multiples of a. 8 1 + to cos a r 7. (a) Give the three fundamental equations for the general spherical triangle. (6) Give the solution of oblique spherical triangles by means of a perpen- dicular, applying same to Case I, given b, c, and A; Case H, given A, C, and 6. 8 8. Adapt the expression a cos A + b cos B + c cos 0 to logarithmic compu- tation, the letters denoting the sides and the angles of a triangle. 8 9. If k is the area of a spherical triangle, show that tan i h = \| tan J s tan I (s — a) tan i (s — b) tan £ (s — c) ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY— TWO DIMENSIONS. (Time, S hours.) Marks. 1. Find the equation of a straight line in terms of its intercepts on the axes of coordinates. 8 2. Define 'anharmonic ratio,' illustrating by a diagram. S 3. Deduce the equation to the tangent to the circle x-2 + y- = a2 at the point x, y. 8 4. Define ' radical axis,' and prove analytically that the radical axes of three circles meet in a point. 8 5. Write down the equation to the ellipse referred to its centre and axes. Prove that the sum of the two focal distances of a point on the curve is equal to the major axis and that the perpendicular to the directrix is in a constant ratio to the focal distance. 8 6. Find the equation to the normal to the ellipse at a given point on the curve. How many normals may be drawn to the ellipse from a point not on the curve? 10 Three Dimensions. 7. Write down the equation to a straight line given the coordinates of two points upon it, and find the angles which it makes with the axes of coordinates. 10 8. Give formulae for the transformation of coordinates, without changing the origin, in terms of the direction cosines of the new axes as referred to the old. 12 9. Find the condition that the plane Ix + my -f nz + p = o may touch the conicoid ax2 -\- by2 -I- r~- -i- d — o. 12 10. Prove that the sections of an ellipsoid by parallel planes are similar ellipses. Hence deduce the relation between the radii of curvature of the sections of an ellipsoid made by different pianos containing the nnnn:il ;it a given point. 16 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY AND PROJECTIONS. Marks. (Time, 8 hours.) 1. Two intersecting straight lines being given by their projections, find the angle of the lines. 8 2. Two straight lines which do not intersect being given their projections, find the shortest line joining them. 9 .*?. Given the declination and hour angle of a star and the latitude of the place, find the azimuth of the star. 9 4. Give the definition of the picture plane, principal point, horizon line, dis- tance points and vanishing points in a perspective. Given the altitude of a point above the ground plane and its horizontal projection, find its perspective. 9 5. It is desired to construct a map of Canada comprised between latitudes 42° and 60° north and longitudes 56° and 141° W. of Greenwich. Com- paring the polyconic and the secant conical projections, what are the maximum errors of representation in each case? 15 6. In a perspective projection, explain how you find where the point of vision must be placed in order that the total misrepresentation over a given area be a minimum. 15 7. Define the conical Orthomorphic projection (Gauss' or Lambert's second). What are its properties and for what kind of maps is it best adapted? 10 DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL CALCULUS. Marks. (Time. 8 hours.) - 1. Differentiate with respect to x log | 2x — 1 + 2 J*2 — x — 1 | x ex tan-1 x (13 + 5 cos x ) cos"1 — I 10 ( 5 + 3 cos x J 2. If A be the chord of any circular arc, B that of half the arc, prove that the length of the arc is equal to 2 B + i (2 B—A). with an error which, for an arc equal to the radius, is less than 1 in 7680. 10 8. From Taylor's series derive John Bernouilli's series. 10 4. If u is a homogeneous function of x and y of the nth degree, prove that du du Xlx-+Vi;j==mi 10 ! 5. Find the maximum value of xx, also its limiting value when i = ooro. 10 60 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Marks. 6. Find the radius of curvature of an ellipse at the point where the normal makes an angle of cj> with the major axis. 10 7. Sum the series P, + i Pj + i P,+ — V n n ,1 n r where = — + p r r 11 when n is indefinitely increased. 10 S. Obtain a formula of reduction for the integral cos nx dx 10 /' 9. State Simpson's Eule and apply it to determining the area of an ellipse included between two ordinates to the major axis. 10 10. Find the volume and moment of inertia about its axis of a section of a paraboloid formed by revolving the parabola y7 = 20x about the axis of x, the section being bounded by the planes x=o and x = 10. 10 PROBABILITY AND LEAST SQUARES. (Time, S hours.) 1. Two independent witnesses, A and B, whose probabilities of speaking the truth are p and q, respectively, agree in a statement of which the a priori probability of truth is P. What is the probability that the statement is true? 15 2. A phenomenon of which the causes are unknown has been observed to recur at regular intervals. If it has thus happened n times, what is the probability that it will occur m times more? 15 3. Write down the equation to the curve of probability of error of observa- tion. Indicate its form in a general way, and show the relation to the curve of the mean square error, the probable error and the average error. 20 4. Two sets of measurements are made with results a and b, with probable errors r and r, respectively. Find the most probable value got by com- bining them, and its probable error, when (a> a and b are measured lengths of the same rod. ;'<) When a is a zenith distance, and b is a declination from which the latitude is required (b±a) (c) When a and b are latitudes determined by moon culminations observed on the east and west limbs of the rnoon respectively. 25 5. In indirect measurements, when n observations have been made and there are m unknown quantities, describe briefly the process of finding the most probable value of each quantity and its probable error. 25 0. In direct measurements of quantities which are not independent of one another, show how the most probable values are found. Explain the method of elimination, also that of correlates. 25 7. Indicate how the method of least squares is used in finding values for the constants of formulae, also in the formation of empirical formula?. 25 Marks. 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b A. 1909 REPORTS OF SURVEYORS 61 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b A. 1909 GENERAL REPORTS OF SURVEYORS 1907-1908 APPENDIX No. 13. REPOKT OF C. F. AYLSWORTH, Jr., D.L.S. RESURVEYS IN EASTERN MANITOBA. Madoc, February 26, 1908. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir — I have the honour to inform you that in accordance with your instructions dated April 9, 1907, to make a resurvey of townships 16 and 17, range 8, and the incomplete portions of townships 14, 15 and 16, range 7, and township 15, range 8, I left Madoo on April 22 and arrived in Winnipeg on the 24th. I proceeded at once to organize a party and complete the necessary camp alid transport equipment, as well as to secure provisions. On May 2 I arrived at Beausejour with my party, and on the 4th sent for the horses and wagons, which were ten miles from this place. The horses had been well taken care of but hay was getting rather scarce as the winter had been an unusually long and severe one. Though great quantities of hay were harvested there last fall, the price per ton rose from three to ten dollars and farmers were compelled to turn their stock out grazing early in the spring. Vegetation was very backward, till warm weather and rain began on June 10. The rain flooded the sloughs, limiting the grazing area for the cattle to the uplands, so that grazing conditions did not improve as the season advanced, and the stock went into winter quarters in poor condition. The flooding of the hay-sloughs rendered it difficult for the farmers to secure hay for their stock for the following winter, as they were compelled to cut their hay in water up to their knees and haul it to the uplands to dry. This condition of affairs existed more particularly in township 15, range 7. It is asserted by the settlers in this township that with a strong west wind the waters of lake Winnipeg are forced np over these flats. On May 9 we moved from Beausejour to section 21, township 14, range 7. The bush roads were very difficult to travel as the snow was still about a foot deep, and as the ground was frozen it made mounding very difficult. In order to perform this work satisfactorily, I decided to postpone it until the frost had entirely disappeared. In township 16, range 8, very few traces of the original survey could be found, the corners along the west of the township boundary, and along the east boundaries of sections 31, 30, 19, 18, 7 and 6 being entirely obliterated. Except in the west half of township 16, range 8, and the west side of township 15, range 7, settlement was very scattered on account of the unproductive quality of the soil. Large areas of it are rolling jackpine, sand and gravel ridges, tamarack, 63 64 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 muskeg and large tracts of stony ground. Some of the settlers obtained sufficient stone to assist very materially in building fences. The crops developed rapidly after favourable weather set in on June 10, and there were fine prospects of a good harvest, but after threshing the yield was only twenty- five bushels per acre, or half of what was expected, while the quality was inferior. In township 15, range 8, there is a ditch along the south boundary, another running easterly along the north side of sections 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, another running along the north boundary of sections 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24, and one partially across the north boundary of section 30. The west boundary of the town- ship is also ditched. The remaining road allowances running east and west and the road allowance along the east boundary have been cleared out, measured and levelled, but no ditches are yet constructed along these roads. The excavations of the pits which mark the road allowances along which the ditches were constructed immediately filled with water, and as the whole township was practically covered with water it would be impossible for us to move our outfit into the township except when the ground was frozen. Game was very scarce in this township owing no doubt to the land being so badly flooded. I have the honour to be, sir, Tour obedient servant, C. F. AYLSWOETH, D.L.S. APPENDIX No. 14. REPORT OF DAVID BEATTT, D.L.S. MISCELLANEOUS SURVEYS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA. Parry Sound, April 4, 1908. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir — I have the honour to submit the following report of my surveys of 1907. Under your instructions to make restoration survey of several townships in the vicinity of Lloydminster I went to Prince Albert where I had wintered my horses and stored my outfit in 1906, and after collecting and repairing my outfit, I shipped it to Lloydminster. Here I found further instructions to investigate the necessity of making a restoration survey of township 50, range 27, west of the third meridian. I also found a telegram directing me to go south to township 28, range 6, west of the fourth meridian, and survey seven townships in that vicinity. While waiting for definite instructons and sketches, I investigated the necessity of a resurvey of township 50, range 27, by driving over the township and interviewing nearly all the settlers in it. The only missing monuments were the quarter-section corners on the east and west sides of section 34. These I established, as they had not been built in the original survey. I then returned to Lloydminster and waited a few days for final instructions for the survey south of Sounding lake. After receiving these I moved south over a fairly good graded road along the fourth meridian for about thirty-two miles, crossing Battle river about thirty miles south of Lloydminster, then by trail to the east side of TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRIANCH 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b Sounding lake, where there is a small detachment of mounted police, thence to township 32, range 6, where I traversed a lake. I then moved into township 31, range 6, which I subdivided, or rather retraced, finding only a few monuments missing. I resurveyed townships 30, 29 ,28 and 2Y, range 6 and townships 27 and 28, range 7. In townships 27 and 28, ranges 6 and 7, the greater number of the monuments were not built, although the iron posts were nearly all planted and marked and many of the quarter-section corners were marked with a wooden stake about two inches square. The description of one of these townships practically covers them all as to suitability for agricultural purposes. The soil is mostly clay, without any black soil on top, and the face of the country is rolling prairie, except township 27, range 6, which is more hilly with gravel and stones on the hills. There is a scarcity of good water in all that part of the country. In township 30, range 6, the only water in the dry season is Sounding creek, which crosses the township from west to east. In township 29, I found one small slough which served for watering the horses, but I had to draw water from Sounding creek for camp use. In township 28, range 6, I drew water from Sounding creek for both the horses and camp use, although there was some water in holes in a large slough or lake, but the horses could not reach it without miring. In township 27, range 6, I found a spring iii the northwest corner of section 2, which was the only water fit for use in the township. In township 27, range 7, I found a spring on the east side of section 9. I found no water in township 28, range 7. There is no wood for fuel in any of the townships surveyed. I have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, DAVID BEATTY, D.L.S. APPENDIX No. 15. REPORT OF P. R. A. BELANGER, D.L.S. INSPECTION OF CONTRACTS, AND MISCELLANEOUS SURVEYS IN NORTHERN ALBERTA. Ottawa, March 16, 1908. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir — I have the honour to submit the following general report on my operations during the past season in connection with the verification and rectification of some survey marks in the Yorkton district and the inspection of contract surveys in that part of the Edmonton district west of the fifth meridian. I received your instructions on April 15, and at once made the necessary prepar- ations for an eight months' expedition, securing also from the office all the necessary plans and sketches in reference to my work, but it was April 21 before I could leave for the West. On my arrival at Prince Albert, I organized my party and sent part of it via Birch hills to Domremy to secure my transport outfit, which I had left the year before in car? of C. B. Duval, and to drive down to Humboldt, while myself and two other members of the party met them at the latter place on May 2, by rail from Prince Albert via Warman. 25b— 5 66 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 On the 4th my assistant, Mr. A.L. Cumming, joined the party at Humboldt, and after making my final preparations at that place I proceeded to Englefeld, in township 37, range 19, west of the second meridian, for my initial work which consisted of the traverse of Luse lake, which had been omitted in the original survey. This work occupied me only one day, after which I started for ' Round Plains.' From Humboldt to Englefeld I followed the road along the Canadian Northern rail- way and from the latter village I travelled south to Prairie Rose. All along the way I passed through colonies of German Catholic settlers, who, though newly arrived in the country, are all very prosperous and highly satisfied with the location. Villages with stores, hotels and churches are erected at every railway station, attesting the progress of these enterprising settlers. From Prairie Rose I travelled across the prairie on the west side of Quill lake till I reached the old Touchwood trail, which I followed to ' Round Plains,' which locality I reached on May 13. Here, my work consisted of the retracement of the east boundary of township 29, range 15, together with the resurvey of the north boundary of the adjoining sections in ranges 14 and 15. This resurvey was accomplished without any difficulty, the land being vacant, and the original marks for quarter sections on section chords entirely obliterated. As already mentioned in previous reports there are not many settlers at ' Round Plains ' ; the land is the best that can be desired, but as it is owned by a private firm who hold it at a high price, it may be some time before it becomes thickly settled. From ' Round Plains ' I proceeded to township 23, range 11, via Touchwood Hills mission, and Lipton, a thriving little town on the Pheasant Hills branch of the Canadian Pacific railway, where I stopped for a few hours to buy supplies before going on to my destination. In this township my work consisted of the correction of an error of ten chains which had been made in the original subdivision along the west boundary of the Indian reserve. I also resurveyed the section chords affected by the error. This correction was made without trouble, the northeast corner of the defective homesteaded section being entirely obliterated, and the settlers having been made aware of the error when I discovered it in 1904, had made their improvements so as not to encroach on the adjoining land. My next work consisted in removing and replacing to proper places witness mounds in townships 25, ranges 9 and 10, which had been placed on the road allowance, after which I proceeded to investigate the discrepancies shown in the description of survey monuments restored by me in 1902 in numerous townships in the Yorkton district, as compared with their description in the notes of the original surveys. The rectification of all these discrepancies extending over twenty townships kept me busy till June 28, without interruption, and though I limited my work to the loca- tion and rectification of the erroneously described marks, avoiding as much as possible making any changes which might cause disturbance among the settlers, though I detected numerous large errors which I would have corrected had the land been vacant. The large tract of land just referred to which only a few years ago was mostly vacant is .uw thickly settled; it is crossed by the Pheasant Hills branch of the C-nadian Pacific railway, along which thriving towns have been started at every station. On June 29 I started for Kamsack, where I arrived on July 2. A few miles south of this town I passed through a Doukhobor village where I saw the finest fields of wheat in the whole country I had travelled over, but I was greatly shocked to see a large herd of cattle grazing in it, and as near by several women were gardening or digging snake roots, I tried to make them understand that it was a crime to allow the cattle to destroy their crop, and offered them help to chase the herd from their field, but they only laughed at me and shook their heads in sign of refusal, convincing TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b me that they were premeditating another pilgrimage in the fall in search of the Messiah, who would provide for them. These people are to be pitied for their monomaniac affliction; they are a very moral and industrious people and would make a desirable class of settlers if they could do away with their foolish practices. On July 3, I shipped my outfit by rail to Edmonton, and boarded the train with my party on the next day for the same place. On my arrival there, I reorganized the party and completed my outfit for the inspection of contract surveys west, north and northwest of lake St. Ann. This work for the most part lasted for the remainder of the season, and involved much loss of time in travelling from one contract to another, owing to the character of the country, which is mostly timbered and much broken by tamarack swamps, principally in Mr. Baker's contract west of lake St. Ann. Here th^ country is low and was flooded by the heavy rainfall of last season which rendered the roads almost impassable for vehicles. To enter the country north and northwest of lake St. Ann from this place, I had to make a circuit via Riviere-qui-barre and Belvedere crossing on Pembina river. From here the Chalmers road leads towards the north to a ferry at Arthabaska river, crossing in township 61, range 5, west of the fifth meridian, in R. H. Knight's contract, while the ' Peavine prairie ' road branches westerly across the renowned valleys of Pembina and Paddle rivers, and runs across the contracts of R. H. Cautley, Thos. Drummond, H. MeGrandle and M. Kimpe. This road can be followed with wagons to within six miles of the mouth of McLeod river, where the country becomes so rough and hilly that a pack train has to be used to reach the river, where there is a small Hudson's Bay Company's post. Separate detailed reports on the eight contracts I examined have already been supplied giving my appreciation of the work inspected in every contract, and I do not think it necessary to enter into further details as to the merit of the work, which in general was found satisfactory. The country covered by Mr. Knight's contract comprises township 60, range 2, and townships 61, ranges 1 to 5, west of the fifth meridian and is reached from Edmonton via Riviere-qui-barre, Belvedere and Chalmers road which runs across township 61, range 5, and by roads branching from the Chalmers road and running along Pembina and Paddle rivers. It has been greatly overrun by fires in the past, and now the dry land is overgrown with shrub and vetches, affording considerable good land ready for homesteading. The low land is covered with spruce and tamarack, good for all building purposes. A few squatters were found in township 61, range 3, and in the valley of Atha- baska river in range 5 at a short distance from the ferry. From Belvedere the ' Peavine prairie ' road leads to township 59, range 5, in Mr. R. H. Cautley's contract, which covers townships 58 to 60 inclusive of the same range. Several settlers were found in townships 58 and 59, where large tracts of scrubby brule are found, but township 60 is heavily timbered with large spruce which I believe is included in a timber berth that will prove very valuable some day, if it is not destroyed by fires. Mr. Thos. Drummond's contract covers townships 57 to 60, range 6, and as far as could be judged by the three townships inspected, the soil is good but it is mostly timbered, though patches of brule are found here and there, but they are overgrown by a heavy second growth. Township 60 is entirely covered by large spruce alternating with tamarack swamps. A few large hay-meadows are found along creeks and lakelets in townships 58 and 59 and settlers were already searching for them. From range 6 we inspected Mr. H. McGrandle's contract, covering townships 57 to 59, range 7, where the country becomes much more open, and the soil improves to first class. The land is covered with light scrub and a fine growth of vetches which affords very good pasturage for horses and cattle. This brule appears to extend over township 58 and the southeast part of township 59, while the northwest part of the latter is heavily timbered with large spruce, which appears to be the continuation 25b — 5J 68 DEPART1IEXT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 of that belt of heavy timber referred to in ranges 5 and 6. and appears to extend northerly to Athabaska liver. The wagon road enters on section 1 of township 59, and turns south and south- westerly across township 58, leaving it on section 18 to enter ' Peavine prairie ' country in range 8, which forms part of the contract of Mr. M. Kimpe, which extends westerly to the mouth of McLeod river. This little prairie is ' the promised land ' of settlers looking for a homestead, it is nothing but a burnt tract of country, covered with a high growth of vetches, climbing in short scrub, which at a distance gives it the appearance from which it derives its name. In range 9 the country is also much opened, and squatters are scattered here and there along Paddle river, and all speak highly of the country of their adoption. The large tract of land just above described, extending from range 5 to range 9, is well watered by Pembina river, Paddle river and numerous small streams and lakes in which fish abound. The soil is rich and very suitable for farming purposes. Numerous settlers with their families were met on the way back, going into that country to make a home. Eeturning from township 58, range 9, to lake St. Ann I followed a wagon road which has been lately opened by different surveyors and settlers. This road, though very bad in summer time, was found fairly good in the fall, and as it is the most direct and shortest route to the ' Peavine prairie ' and Paddle river valley, the local government of Alberta, which has at heart the development of that country, hns already expended large sums of money during last season on the part east of lake St. Ann and northwest via ' the narrows ' to about two miles west of that point, where 1 met the first gang of workers. These improvements consist in cutting a road one chain wide through the bush and grading all soft places, or making corduroys over tamarack swamps. This road will prove a blessing to the settlers, one of whom was so discouraged by his hardships over this road last summer that he left his homestead never to return. It will greatly help to develop the ' Peavine prairie ' country as well as Pembina and Paddle river valleys, and will most probably in the future be extended into Peace river valley via the mouth of McLeod river and Sturgeon lake by following the pack trail already existing. The thing now most needed is a good ferry at ' the narrows ' at lake St. Ann, where there is only a small raft manned by the Indian chief of the reserve at that place, who charges what he likes for the poor accommodation he furnishes. The contracts I inspected west of lake St. Ann comprise townships 54, 55 and 56, range 5, surveyed by the late A. Michaud under contract No. 19 of 1906, townships 54 and 55, range 7 in contract No. 21 of 1906, by E. H. Knight, and contract No. 2 of 1907, comprising township 54, range 9, and townships 53 and 54, range 10, together with part of contract No. 24, extending westerly from contract No. 2, both made by J. C. Baker. Two roads lead to contract No. 19, one the Government road from ' the narrows ' runs across township 55, while the other follows the old Jasper House trail as far as Sandy McDonald's place on section 24, township 54, range 5, from which place A. Michaud cut a road northwesterly across townships 54 and 55 meeting the Govern- ment road in the latter township. I did not meet with any settlers in contract No. 19, but the land is good and I have no doubt it will be taken up soon. For the present it is mostly heavily timbered with spruce which is very suitable for lumbering as well as building purposes. Contract No. 21 is reached by following the Jasper House trail as far as Pierre Gray's place in township 53, range 6, and then by branching from there northwesterly over Yak's trail which is followed to a point two miles past the crossing of Pembina river where Mr. Pi. II. Knight cut a road northerly across township 54 as far as the centre of township 55, in range 7. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b No actual settlers were found in these townships, but the land being first class I have no doubt the northern part of township 54, and the southern row of sections in township 55, will soon be taken as they are partly open, but the remainder of this con- tract is rather heavily timbered with poplar, and consequently not ready for home- steading. About nine miles west of Pierre Gray's place, by following the Jasper House trail, we crossed Pembina river, and about five or six miles farther the road runs by the houses of two settlers, Asselin, and Lambert, and from the latter's it is opened for wagons as far as the east end of Chip lake, still commonly named Lobstick lake. At Lambert's I left my vehicles and part of my camp equipage, and proceeded from there to Mr. J. C. Baker's contract with a pack-train. At the start I crossed Lobstick river, a tributary of Pembina river, and the outlet of Chip lake, and a short distance farther passed by the two last settlers to be met with on this trail before entering Mr. Baker's survey, which is only a few miles farther west. The whole of this contract extends over a low country badly broken by tamarack swamps. Fires have destroyed the first growth of timber, and there are many scrubby openings to be found but the land does not appear very favourable for farming, the grass is extremely scarce, and can be found only near creeks; however, I remarked a couple of places at the east end of Chip lake where there is a good quantity of hay which would permit the establishing of small ranches by letting the cattle run through the brules. The timber, in general, is good for building purposes, aud in ranges 11 and 12 spruce may be found suitable for lumbering. Blueberries are found in such large quantities all over the country extending westerly from lake St. Ann to McLeod river, that I believe a canning industry placed somewhere in the vicinity of Chip lake for the packing of that fruit, would prove a paying enterprise. The country above described, though poor in appearance for fanning purposes, is bound to be developed some day and bring its share of revenue from its mineral resources, and its proximity to the Grand Trunk Pacific railway, whose location runs through it, will afford transportation for fire-wood as well as coal, which is found in abundance in that district along this railway, construction of which is now under con- tract and will be in full swing by next summer. An American company had a party last summer locating the extent of a coal mine which they claim is the best discovered up to the present time, and propose to work it on a large scale as soon as the railway will be built. It is situated on the east side of Pembina river, somewhere near the crossing of the Jasper House trail, and to judge by the samples of drifted large lumps I have seen in the river I do not hesitate to say that it is the best coal I have yet seen in the Edmonton district. I do not know of any other mineral in this vicinity, but the lumbering industry can be carried on to a large extent in the places above referred to, principally in townships 60, ranges 5, 6 and 7, where lumbering will prove a very remunerative business. In the road allowance, on the north boundary of section 9, of township 54, range 9, I came across a spring of good clear water situated on a small knoll, which spring was surrounded by a border of petrified moss two or three inches thick, which excited my curiosity, and I have brought back a sample which appears to indicate the presence of sulphur or lime, though hardly appreciable in the water, and I believe if the latter were analyzed it might perhaps prove of value. While on the subject of curiosities, I might mention that I found in the bed of Athabaska river a curiously shaped stone resembling in colour and shape a petrified human heart, which if not really such is wonderful as a specimen of the action of water on pebbles. During the season I saw only two deer, and I believe that they as well as all fur bearing animals have to remove farther north across Athabaska river to flee before the settler intruding on their breeding ground. 70 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Small game, such as geese, duck and partridge is very scarce, even hares could hardly be found last season, but I believe the scarcity of the latter is only due to the periodical disease which kills them off, although they become even more numerous after a while. From November 16, to 19, 1 made some retracement surveys in township 53, range 3, west of the fifth meridian, as required by your instructions dated September 3, 1907, after which I intended to continue the inspection of the additional part of con- tract No. 24, but the contractor not having yet finished his survey and being unable to secure anybody to freight oats for my horses, I was advised not to undertake the journey to McLeod river at such a late season of the year when no feed could be obtained for horses in that bush country. I therefore decided to postpone the in- spection till next spring, and after storing my outfit with Mr. Angus McDonell, of Ray, I returned to Edmonton where I discharged my party and took the train for Ottawa, where I arrived on December 8. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, P. R. A. BELANGER, D.L.S. APPENDIX 16. REPORT OF LEWIS BOLTON, D.L.S. MISCELLANEOUS SURVEYS IX THE VICINITY OF THE PAS, SASKATCHEWAN. Listowel, November 15, 1907. E. Devtlle, Esq., LL.D. Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to report that in accordance with your instructions dated June 10, 1907, I left Listowel on July 1, for The Pas, to make certain surveys in that vicinity. I arrived in Winnipeg on July 4, purchased my supplies, had my transit overhauled and engaged one man to accompany me on the work. I left Winnipeg on July 10 for Winnipegosis, where I arrived on Thursday, July 11. I found the steamer Lottie S., owned by the Northwest Fish company, was the only boat moving on the lake, and that she would not connect with the steamer Cumberland on Cedar lake for The Pas until Wednesday, July 24. I arrived at The Pas on the evening of the 24th. Next day I took a "look over the survey made by Mr. Richard, D.L.S. , between blocks 'A' and ' B,' Indian reserves, for Louison Marcellais, Isaiah Buck and others. I was told by these parties that they had sold this land to Mr. Finger, for a site for a sawmill. Mr. Finger's agent told me that Mr. Finger had gone to Ottawa for the purpose of having the title transferred to him and would be back in about two weeks. I concluded to leave this survey until he returned. I engaged four Indians to assist in the surveys, three of them at $1.50 per day, and the other at $2.00 per day, the latter to act as interpreter besides performing other duties. These wages included board, and was the current rate for such work in that district. Friday and Saturday being wet, we were not able to commence work until Monday, when we moved camp to Big Eddy and commenced the survey of that settlement, including the hay-lands along the south side of the Saskatchewan river. Most of the parties interested in this survey were away from home at the time, but TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b the Indian agent, and Dr. LaRose, had consulted with them about the matter and ad- vised me to proceed with the work. I surveyed the hay-lands, according to their wishes, into lots to correspond with the lots in the settlement survey. I may say that there is no more land in the rear of the Indian reserve fit for lots, other than those surveyed. The soil is not fit for gardens even on the lots surveyed, there being little or no mould on the surface, which is pure gravel and sand. Part of the hay-lands in a dry season might be cultivated for gardens, the soil being sandy loam. Mr. Henry Cook, who acted as spokesman for the Indians in this settlement, told me that they (the Indians) would like a timber reserve up Saskatchewan river. The timber on these lots is not large enough for building houses with. I told him that they would require to submit an application to the Department giving the location and extent of the reserve they wished. The hay-lands in connection with this settlement are very suitable for growing hay, and are close to their lots. I returned to The Pas and revised the survey of lots, now known as the Finger property, between blocks ' A ' and ' B,' Indian reserves. Mr. Finger stated that he had purchased the rights of the Indians, and asked me what my instructions were as to the survey of the lots. I read them over to him, and he seemed quite satisfied with them. I asked him where he would like the road allowance laid out, and he told me to lay it out eight chains back from the bank of the river, across the lots and parallel with the river, and a road along each side from this road to the river. Mr. Finger stated that the Minister of the Interior had told him that he intended to have these lots of the Indians extend back a mile from the river, but he never asked me to lay out the lots to that depth. I inquired of the Indians how far they expected their lots to go back from the river, and they said to the back line run by Mr. Richard. I asked them how they were satisfied as to the depth and they signified that they were well satisfied. I therefore resurveyed the lots in accordance with your instructions, and those of Mr. Finger as to the position of the road. I then surveyed a piece of ground on Pas river west of The Pas Indian reserve, for J. H. Gordon, merchant at The Pas. This land is low and flat, and subject to overflow from Pas river. The soil is sandy loam, and in a dry season would raise considerable grain and vegetables. This year being very wet scarcely anything matured. I received a letter from Dr. Cash, M. P., the member for that district, asking me to make a survey up on Cormorant lake at ' the narrows ', about fifty miles north of The Pas, for George Cowan and others. After finishing the survey of the Finger property, I went up to Cormorant lake and made three surveys, one for Mr. Cowan, one for the Hudson's Bay company and one for Mr. Presonias. These parties had made considerable improvements and had occupied this land for about eight years. The land had the best soil (a clay loam) but was underlaid with stones and gravel. The finest crop of potatoes and other garden produce that I saw during the summer grew there. The timber was chiefly spruce and poplar, some quite large, from twelve to eighteen inches in diameter, and fit for lumbering purposes. I then returned to The Pas and made a survey on the north side of Saskatche- wan river, adjoining The Pas Indian reserve, of a group of lots claimed by Zaccheus Umfreville and five others. Mr. Umfreville has been occupying his lot since June last. The others had not occupied the land, but had cut down some underbrush, &c. The Umfreville settlement lots cover all the land there fit for building upon. The land down stream is very low and wet, and in the rear, very swampy. The soil is shallow and stony. What the Indians seem to desire is a spot along the river to build a house and enough land to grow a few vegetables. They make no inquiries about roads to their lands. They consider that where they can launch their bark canoes on the water of the great Saskatchewan at their door, that they can travel wherever they please. I then made a survey on the south side of Saskatchewan river 72 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 adjoining block ' B,' down stream. This is a group of lots claimed by Matthew Buck and five others. They had not occupied the land, but had lately cut down some under- brush. The lot is mostly swamp; a narrow fringe along the river is high enough to build dwellings on, but a short distance back it is wet, having about two feet of moss, with nothing but gravel beneath. Here and there, there may be little knolls of higher land, but of small extent. The timber is small, not fit for anything but firewood. There is very little more land on this side of the river fit for building upon. I next made a survey of ' Birch Point ' settlement, a group lot adjoining The Pas Indian reserve on the west, which had been occupied by Isaiah Young and four others, each of whom has a dwelling house erected thereon, and some clearing done. The land is somewhat higher and more rolling, with more clay and loam on the sur- face, but only in small areas, the main portion being stony and gravel subsoil. This high land runs some distance farther southwesterly along the Canadian Northern railway, and there is room for other settlements. The strip of high land is narrow between the railway and the marshy lake. I also made a survey adjoining ' Birch Point ' settlement for a group lot intended to be applied for by Louison Marcellais and others who had sold their land along the Saskatchewan to Mr. Finger. I also made a survey of a piece of land adjoining The Pas townsite lying along Pas river for Louis Bacon, who had built a house and resided thereon for some time. It is mostly marsh, there being a narrow strip along the bank of Pas river, fit for cultivation, but scarcely high enough to build upon with safety from floods. Game was plentiful, such as moose and other kinds of deer, bear, wolves and smaller animals. Pish in abundance is found in all the lakes and rivers and is of the best quality, such as whitefish, lake trout, sturgeon, jackfish and smaller varieties. In the Pas district, game such as deer, bear, &c., are very scarce, but ducks, geese and all kinds of waterfowl are numerous. The season, from the time I arrived at The Pas, was very wet, with frequent heavy thunderstorms. The lakes, rivers and swamps were flooded, making the work in the low lands very disagreeable and somewhat dangerous. The first frost of the season occurred about the end of August, but was so slight that it did not affect the potatoes. During the first half of September there were occasional frosts, but not heavy; quite a number of gardens had not been atrected very seriously, considering the wet season. The temperature was much milder than you would expect in that latitude. As the season had been very wet and cold and showed prospects of an early winter, I concluded to leave for home at the first opportunity, having no other work in view. On the morning of Monday, September 16, the steamer Marjorie sailed for ' high portage ' and my man and I took passage on her, arriving at Winnipeg on Monday, September 22, and at home on September 30., I have the honour to be.sir, Your obedient servant, LEWIS BOLTON, D.L.S. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAXCH 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX 17. KEPOKT OF C. E. BOUEGAULT, D.L.S. RESURVEYS IN THE PROVINCE OF MANITOBA. St. Jean Port Joli, March 6, 1908. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on resurveys made during the past season in the province of Manitoba. In accordance with your instructions of January 10, 1907, to survey a fringe of marsh on the shores of lake Manitoba, I left home on January 17, arriving in Portage la Prairie on the 24th, having been delayed two days at Fort William by a snow- storm. The greatest difficulty was organizing a party and procuring the transport outfit, as the horses were at Gladstone and the sleighs at Oak Point, one hundred and fifty miles apart. I bought supplies and shipped them to Poplar point, where I hired two teams to take them to St. Marks in township 15, range 5. The soil in this township may be ranked as third class, being composed of sand and gravel, but hay is plentiful and of first class quality. The settlers depend for their living on fishing in lake Manitoba in winter and on stock raising. As they earn good wages I had some difficulty in getting good men to work on the survey for the wages paid by the Department. The season was not suitable for this kind of work as there was too much snow and cold weather. I was in the field from January 17 to November 11, during which we experienced weather ranging from. 45° below zero to 75° above. We suffered from cold during the winter as we were surveying in open country. During the summer we worked nearly all season in water from six inches to three feet deep, so that it is not to be wondered at if I was compelled to be con- tinually hiring men. I have never seen such a severe winter and late spring; the ice was solid on lake Manitoba till June 10, and the summer was so wet that the men could not stand work more than a month. These marshes are covered with long reeds from eight to twelve feet high. These had to be cut with scythes which made the work slow and tedious. After opening and chaining the lines I was compelled to haul on sledges posts about eight feet long and six inches square to mark the section corners in accordance with your instructions, often having to cut through four feet of ice before reaching the ground. Settlers cut timber along parts of the sandy beach of lake Manitoba. This seem- ingly renders the shores lower at these parts, allowing the water to inundate good land on sections south of the lake. About the end of March water covered the ice so that it was impossible to survey township 15, range 4. I accordingly moved my camp to township 18, range 4. The township is suitable for stock raising. There is a creamery here and cream is shipped twice a week to Winnipeg where it commands a high price. Most of the settlers are Icelanders, who appear to neglect farming except raising vegetables and potatoes. On May 17, I left this township for Sewell where I retraced the north boundary or Spruce Woods forest reserve. The surface of this reserve is composed of sandy hills and muskeg and is unfit for farm land. The timber has been completely cut or swept by fire. 74 DEPART3IEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 From Sewell I returned to Deer Horn on June 6, to make a retracement and restoration survey of township 21, range 5, and finding an error of five chains on the west side of section 6, I made a new survey of the whole township. Poplar and scat- tered spruce were found on every section. During a dry season hay is plentiful and of good quality, but irrigation is necessary to ensure a good crop. There is no cul- tivated land in the township. The soil is black loam with sand and gravel subsoil. The township is about one-third hay marsh, the remaining two-thirds being covered with poplar, spruce and willow. From here I moved camp to township 22, range 6, and completed the retrace- ment of this township on September 4. The settlers here are almost all of Swiss origin. The west part of the township is covered with thick bush consisting of poplar, eight to eighteen inches in diameter and scattered spruce twenty inches in diameter, while the east part is coverd with young poplar, hay marsh, muskeg and lakes. There are no streams and the surface is so level that in wet seasons settlers are compelled to cut hay in the water. The soil is a black loam with sand and gravel subsoil. I made retracements of townships 22, ranges 4 and 5, which were almost covered with water, and then retraced the Colonization road northwest to Teulon, which occu- pied us till October 31. On November 1, I returned to Teulon, stored the outfit with Mr. W. McKinnell, paid off my party and started for home, arriving there on November 11. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, C. E. BOTJKGATJLT, D.L.S. APPENDIX 18. REPOKT OF P. A. CARSON, D.L.S. TRLVNQULATIOX SURVEYS IX THE RAILWAY BELT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. Ottawa, March 1, 1908. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit for your consideration the following report of my field operations for the triangulation survey in British Columbia, in connection with the Trigonometrical Section of the Topographical Survey of Canada, for the season of 1907. This report is accompanied by a topographical map, on a scale of six miles to an inch, showing the whole triangulation in the Rocky and Selkirk moun- tains as it stands at present. The map shows also the topography of that part of the railway belt, British Columbia, which lies north of the Canadian Pacific railway, and west of Blaeberry river, that is, the districts drained by Blackwater creek, Bush river, Gold creek and Sixmile creek. The topography and the positions of the important features have been determined by means of triangulation, track surveys, photo- graphs, and miscellaneous information, and names have been given to the principal mountains and streams. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRASCH 75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b I left Ottawa on June 7, for Golden, British Columbia, where my outfit had been stored at the close of the previous season. My horses I found in excellent condition after a very severe winter in the Columbia valley, twenty-nine miles south of Golden. The horses had managed to forage very well in the sloughs along Columbia river, until the approach of spring, when the heavy crust on the snow prevented them from reach- ing the grass, and it was therefore necessary to give them chopped feed for several weeks. Considering the severity of the winter, which seems to have prevailed through- out Canada, and from some of the reports of the death of horses and cattle on the ranges in other districts, I was well satisfied with this vicinity as a winter range. I purchased two more horses in the Columbia valley at fifty-five dollars each, bring- ing the number of my horses up to eight. It was found impossible to obtain skilled packers at the standard wage of two •dollars per diem, so I was obliged to pay seventy-five dollars per month in order to secure a good man. The remainder of my party was engaged in Golden, only two of last year's quota being available. BASE LINE. I first visited the base line which was established during the season of 1906 in the Columbia valley, twenty-one miles south of Golden. The whole extent of the line was this year cleared out and prepared for final measurement, and the ends of the base were marked in a permanent manner, as described in your instructions. At 'A,' the southerly end of the base line, which is situated in the northeast quarter of section 16, township 24, range 19, west of the fifth meridian, the end was marked as follows : The true end of the base line is an underground mark, being the intersection of a pair of fine lines in the upper end of a brass bolt, such as is used for marking the triangulation stations. This brass bolt is six inches long and three- quarters of an inch in diameter. It has a flat head one and one-half inches square and one-half inch thick. The bolt was firmly set in concrete, three feet below the surface of the ground (i. e. below the frost line). The head of the bolt was also marked with the letter 'A', and the words 'End of Base, Canada.' The underground mark was covered with loose earth level with the original surface of the ground. A set of four witnesses was securely placed in concrete, being iron reference bolts, each sixteen inches long, and three-quarters of an inch in diameter. A cross was marked on the head of each bolt, the centre of the cross in each case being three feet distant horizontally from the geodetic end of the base. These reference bolts bear respectively north, south, east and west from the geodetic point. At 'B,' the northerly end of the base line, which is situated in the northeast quarter of section 35, township 24, range 20, west of the fifth meridian, the end was marked as at 'A,' except that the head of the bolt bears the letter ' B.' A set of four witnesses were also placed in a similar manner to that at 'A.' It was deemed undesirable to place a permanent surface mark or monument over the ends of the base, as is generally done in geodetic surveys; but a temporary signal for observing upon was erected at each end of the base, being a triangular wooden pyramid three feet wide at the base, and three feet six inches high. The signals were covered with white cotton to assist in clearness of vision. Each end of the base was accurately tied to the neighbouring survey posts of the Dominion system of survey, and a plot of ground, one chain square, is to be reserved at each en 1 of the base for the purposes of the triangulation. PROJECTION OF BASE LINE. In order to project the base line of five and one-quarter miles extent, to the main triangulation, in which the sides of the triangles are from fifteen to twenty miles long, a set of three secondary stations was established, viz. : station ' C,' on Beaver- 76 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 foot range, opposite the base line, station ' D,' on a wooded ridge on the west side of Columbia valley, opposite the base line and station ' E,' on the summit of Kap- risto Mt. near the northerly end of Beaverfoot range. By means of these three sta- tions the base line is connected with station ' 17 ' (Mt. King), station ' 20' (Beaver- foot) and station ' 21 ' (Spillimacheen) of the primary system. station c. Station ' C for the projection of the base line, is on the summit of the Beaverfoot range, at an altitude of about 8,000 feet. The mountain is easily reached by means of a pony trail running from Columbia valley wagon road, at a point near Biebernitz's ranch. This trail leads up the side of the mountain, and horses lightly packed may be easily taken to timber line. The station is marked with the usual brass bolt securely cemented in a hole drilled in the rock. The top of the bolt is stamped with the letter ' C,' followed by a triangle. The apex of the triangle is at the centre of the bolt, faces north, and is the geodetic point. Three reference bolts were also firmly cemented in the rock, each being six feet horizontally from the geo- detic point, and bearing respectively north, south and west from it. Directly over the brass bolt a conical stone cairn was erected, four feet in diameter at the base, and six feet high. The cairn tapers to a point at the top, which is vertically over the geodetic point. White cotton was wound around the cairn to serve as a signal. STATION D. Station ' D,' for the projection of the base line was established on a wooded ridge on the west side of the Columbia valley, opposite the base line. The station is just south of the pass leading from Carbonate Landing to Spillimacheen valley. A spot on the ridge was cleared of timber so as to give unobstructed vision towards both ends of the base, and towards stations 'C,' 'E' and '21.' The station was marked by means of the usual brass bolt, cemented in a hole drilled in solid rock, twelve inches below the surface of the ground. The head of the bolt was stamped with the letter ' D,' followed by a triangle. The apex of the triangle which is at the centre of the top of the bolt, faces north and is the geodetic point. Directly over the geodetic point was erected a wooden signal, in the shape of a tetrahedron, five feet high. The signal was cov- ered with white cotton to assist in clearness of vision. STATION E (KAPRISTO MT.). Station ' E,' the third station for the projection of the base line to the main tri- angulation, was established on July 10, on the summit of Kapristo Mt. (altitude 8,900 feet), one of the most northerly and highest peaks of the Beaverfoot range. The station was reached via an old smugglers' trail leading from Carbonate Landing to a high pass over the Beaverfoot mountains. At one time the trail led down into the Beaverfoot valley, but has fallen into disuse since the building of the Canadian Pacific railway and is impracticable for horses. From this pass above timber line the summit of the range was followed northerly until Kapristo Mt. was reached, over- looking the town of Palliser, on the Canadian Pacific railway. Angles were read towards station '17' (Mt. King), station '20' (Beaverfoot), station '21' (Spilli- macheen), and stations ' C,' and ' D.' The station was marked in a permanent man- ner with the usual brass bolt firmly cemented in a hole drilled in the rock. The flat head of the bolt was stamped with the letter ' E,' followed by a triangle, with its apex at the centre of the top of the bolt. The apes of the triangle faces north and is the TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRUNCH 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b geodetic point. Directly over the geodetic point a conical stone cairn was erected five feet in diameter at the base, one foot at the top and six feet high. The top of the cairn is vertically above the geodetic point. Four reference bolts were also securely cemented in the rock, each being six feet horizontally from the geodetic point, and bearing respectively north, south, east and west from it. White cotton was wound around the cairn to act as a signal. While we were on the summit of Kapristo Mt. establishing triangulation station ' E,' an electrical storm came from the northwest and we were soon enveloped in heavy dark clouds. A strange buzzing sound was heard, which seemed to proceed from our alpenstocks which we had placed in an erect position in the rocks. Then our faces commenced to tingle, as though swept by innumerable cobwebs, and our hair rose and fell from our scalps. A most peculiar tingling sensation pervaded our whole bodies and we looked at each other with half fear, half laughter on our faces, not knowing what to make of the situation. However, I decided to go ahead as though nothing strange were occurring and laid my hand on the metal of the theodolite. A sudden shock almost knocked me off my feet, and the smothered exclamation from my lips finished the oozing remnants of bravery which the others were displaying. In less time than it takes to tell it, all three were seeking shelter beneath some over- hanging rocks fifty feet below the summit, and each one, I am sure 'searching his soul for sounds to tell how scared he was.' The storm, however, passed as quickly as it came and we resumed work at the station. STATION 20 (BEAVERFOOT.) On June 26, I visited station ' 20 ' in order to learn whether I could move it a little farther north and still see station ' 14' (Storm Mt.), and also to locate a suitable position for station ' E.' Even at this late day in June the snow of the past winter lay far below the timber line, while the peaks were so deep in snow that the cairns on Storm Mt. and Mt. King were completely invisible. I destroyed the markings for station ' 20 ' and subsequently erected a new station on the mountain immediately north of the old one. The markings for the new station are the same as before, except that only three reference bolts were placed. Each witness is distant six feet horizontally from the geodetic point and they bear north, south and west from it. The cairn is five feet in diameter at the base and eight feet high. STATION 21 (SPILLIMACHEEN.) Station ' 21 ' was established in 1906 on the peak where Mr. W. S. Drewry, D.L.S, had placed a cairn fifteen years before. It was afterwards discovered that the loca- tion was unsuitable for a triangulation station, as the cairn is invisible from any of the peaks in the vicinity of Battle Creek. Consequently in 1907 this station '21' was removed to a higher and more commanding peak a couple of miles westerly, in the same range of mountains. From the new station also a location for station '24' was determined upon, to take the place of the cairn called 'Battle Creek' and the magnificent mass of Mt. Sugarloaf was picked out. The mountain on which station '21' is situated may be reached either from the north or middle forks of Spillimacheen tiver, although probably the easier ascent may be made from the latter. If however it is desired to visit station '22' (north fork) directly afterwards, a saving of time is made by travelling via the north fork trail. station 19 (mt. laussedat). 1 The station established by Mr. W. S. Drewry, D.L.S. on the westerly side of Blaeberry river was afterwards discovered to be unsuitable for the continuation of the triangulation westward. Consequently in 1907 I destroyed station '19' (Blae- berry) as situated, and placed the station on Mt. Laussedat, altitude 10,000 feet), 78 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 about three miles in a northeasterly direction from the old station. Mt. Laussedat is a high and prominent mountain commanding the Blaeberry and Waitabit valleys. The mountain may be reached from either of these although perhaps the more easily from the former. The ascent of Mt. Laussedat is by no means an easy one, for in the upper heights are several reaches of almost sheer rock. Our camp was placed en the left or east side of Blaeberry river, about fifteen miles from Moberly, and several miles above Blaeberry canyon and falls. Here we built a foot-bridge over a narrow part of the river, and with packs on our backs ascended a ridge leading north- west towards Mt. Laussedat. We bivouacked at timber line, and the following morn- ing commenced the ascent of the main mountain. After some difficult rock climbing, and an ascent up an almost precipitous snow couloir occupying five hours from tim- ber line, the summit of Mt. Laussedat was reached. Station '19' is marked in the usual way with a brass bolt set in cement in a hole drilled in the rock. The top of the bolt is stamped with the Roman numerals XIX, followed by a triangle having its apex at the centre of the head of the bolt and point- ing north. The apex of the triangle is the geodetic point. As reference marks there were drilled in the solid rock two holes, one due south of the geodetic point and dis- tant six feet horizontally from it and the other due west of the geodetic point and four feet six inches horizontally from it. Over a brass bolt a conical stone cairn was built, four feet in diameter at the base, one foot at the top and six feet high. The top of the cairn is vertically above the geodetic point. While on the summit a snowstorm set in which made it exceedingly disagreeable and cold during the enforced stay at the top. The descent to timber line was made in four hours, being rather hazardous on account of the falling snow. Our trip up the Blaeberry occupied eight days, from July 15 to July 22 and five of these were Tainy. STATION 28 (BLACKWATER.) Station '28' (Blackwater) is reached from the old town of Donald, on the Cana- dian Pacific railway by way of the Government pack trail from Donald to the Big Bend of Columbia river, and Tete Jaune Cache, near the Tellowhead pass. The trail crosses Waitabit creek by means of a bridge about a mile north of Donald, then fol- lows a northwesterly course for four and one-half miles to a point on Bluewater creek about three miles from its mouth. A bridge crosses the Bluewater just where Blackwater creek falls into it, and the trail ascends Blackwater valley. The first three miles of trail are on the left or east side of the stream when the trail crosses and follows up the right bank for seven miles to a point opposite Blackwater lake. Here we descended on a branch trail to the level of the lake and camped at its 'southerly end. The lake is about one mile in length north and south, about three hundred yards wide and empties into Blackwater creek. Its elevation is 3150 feet. It teems with fine rainbow or mountain trout from six to eighteen inches in length. From Blackwater lake an old miners' trail leads northeasterly up Blackwater creek, coming from between the two most southerly mountains of Blackwater range. At timber line an old deserted rnine is reached, from where the ascent to Blackwater Mt. Is easily made in three hours (altitude 9000 feet.) This mountain is one of the highest peaks of Blackwater range and indeed of the district drained by Waitabit, Bluewater and Blackwater creeks. It commands an unobstructed view easterly to- wards Mts. Laussedat, Mummery and Preshfield, and northerly, across the Bush valley towards the lofty Lyell, Bryce and Columbia groups. To the south and west lies Columbia river, with the monnrchs of the Selkirks beyond. Station ' 28 ' is marked in the usual manner for primary triangulation stations ■with a brass bolt securely cemented in a hole drilled in the rock at the summit, of the mountain. The head of the bolt is stamped with the Roman numerals XXVIII, TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRUNCH 79 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b followed by a triangle with its apex at the centre of the head. The apex of the tri- angle faces north, and is the geodetic point. As witnesses there were set in cement three iron bolts, each six feet horizontally from the geodetic point, and bearing respectively east, south and west from it. A conical stone cairn was built with the centre of its base directly over the geodetic point. Its dimensions are six feet in diameter at the base, one foot at the top and seven feet six inches high. White cotton was wound around and securely wired to the cairn to serve as a signal. Mosquitoes were very troublesome at Donald and all through Bluewater and Blackwater valleys, although at the lake we had a short respite from their onslaughts on account of the light breeze which generally blows down the lake. There is some excellent timber in Bluewater, Blackwater and Waitabit valleys, most of which is under license ; there is also a quantity of low grade galena and copper ores. STATION 29 (BUSH RIVER.) From Blackwater lake the main trail continues for two and one-half miles to a low swampy pass (altitude 3,150 feet) and there swings to the easterly side of several small beaver lakes which form the headwaters of Succotir creek, flowing northwesterly. For eleven miles the trail follows the right bank of Succour creek, finally striking Bush river crossing about a mile and a half in a straight line from the mouth of that river. This point may also be conveniently reached in canoes by descending Columbia river from Beavermouth. Bush river empties into the Columbia from the east, about twenty-two miles below Beavermouth railway station. It is a glacial stream some two hundred feet wide near its mouth, flowing at the rate of three and a half miles an hour. During the months of July and August the river carries an immense quantity of water being fed by the large glaciers of Freshfield, Lyell, and Bryce groups. For a distance of three miles from its mouth the river flows in a westerly direction through low flat lands, which are mostly inundated during July and August by the high waters of Columbia and Bush rivers. Higher up, Bush river runs from the northeast with num- erous side-channels flowing through shingle flats ; the valley is about half a mile wide and the slopes of the mountain on each side are covered with dense spruce and fir timber. Bush river is navigable with canoes and small boats for a distance of thirty miles, although during the upper twenty miles poling must be resorted to, as the cur- rent from the mouth of Chatter creek (locally called Callahan creek) to the forks of Bush river is nearly five miles an hour. The whole of Bush river almost to the forks lies within the railway belt. Owing to the low inundated lands of Columbia valley near the mouth of Bush river, and the numerous hay meadows and lakes up Bush valley, this vicinity is scourged with mosquitoes and black flies during the greater part of the summer. Messrs. Collie and Stutfield, who explored this district during 1900 thus describe it in their book ' Climbs and Explorations in the Canadian Rockies ' : ' The weather was now very hot and sultry and that evening swarms of the most voracious mosquitoes we ever encountered drove us nearly crazy. The men said they had occasionally seen them more numerous on the prairie, but that never in their lives had they known them any- thing so vicious or venomous. They lost no time in buzzing or fooling around, but went straight to business with their beaks until our faces and hands were one mass of bites . . . The night was a night of unending torment for at this lower eleva- tion (about 2,500 feet) the insects do not go to sleep after sundown, as in the higher regions of the eastern Rockies.' On the north aide of Bush river near the crossing are two lakes, each about half a mile long, which I have named Cygnus lakes from the white swans that are gener- ally to be seen upon them. These lakes are also the haunts of wild duck and geese in the autumn and besides teem with magnificent salmon trout, which are easily 80 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 caught. In the river itself charr, ling and squaw fish are found. Black bears, are plentiful along Bush river, and goat on the mountains; a few marten, wolverine, coyote, lynx, caribou and white-tailed deer may also be found. There is no mineral of any account in this vicinity. It would be desirable to establish the limit of the railway belt up Bush river, on account of the valuable timber in the valley, and along the tributaries of the river, for at present there is great uncertainty amongst timber cruisers as to the exact position of the belt boundary. Station ' 29 ' (Bush Biver) was established near the north limit of the railway belt on the summit of a mountain distant about four miles north of Bush river cross- ing. We placed our camp on the south side of the river at the crossing, where we found an old galvanized iron boat, which had been placed there by the provincial government for the convenience of travellers on trail. Crossing the river we set out with instruments and packs up a hog's back between the two Cygnus lakes. ' At timber line we set a fly-camp, and the next morning (September 24) we finished the ascent to the desired peak. The station was marked in the usual manner with a brass bolt cemented in a hole drilled in the rock. The flat head of the bolt was stamped with the Roman numerals XXIX, followed by a triangle with its apex at the centre of the head of the bolt. The apex of the triangle faces north and is the geodetic point. Four reference bolts were also securely cemented in the rock, each being distant six feet horizontally from the geodetic point, and bearing respectively north, south, east and west from it. Directly over the brass bolt a conical stone cairn was erected six feet in diameter at the base, one foot at the top, and nine feet high. The top of the cairn is vertically above the geodetic point. White cotton was wound around and securely wired to the cairn to assist as a signal. From station ' 29 ' a magnificent view is obtained to the north and east of those grand mountains of the main range, Mts. Columbia, Bryce, Alexandra, Lyell, Bush peak, Forbes, Freshfield and Mummery. station 24. During the season of 1906 a visit was made up Battle creek, a confluent of In- comappleux river, to establish station ' 24,' near where Mr. W. S. Drewry had set his ' Battle Creek ' cairn in 1892 ; but it was found that no suitable location could be obtained to connect with station ' 21 ' (Spillimacheen) and station ' 22 ' (North Fork). I decided therefore that any attempt to extend the system of triangles across the summit of the Selkirks by sighting through a gap or gaps between the mountains would be futile and that it would be necessary to fix station '24' on one of the summit peaks of the Selkirk range, Sugarloaf Mt., was accordingly picked out as a desirable location, and a trip was made up the valley of Beaver river in order to ascend that mountain. The horses and outfit were shipped from Donald to Bear Creek by rail, as there is no trail between these points, the railway here crossing many streams and rivers by some of the highest arches along the line. Bear Creek railway station is a flag station at an elevation of 3,670 feet, clinging to the side of the Hermit mountains along which the railway winds as it approaches Rogers pass. Some pickings of grass may be foraged along the railway track, but it is a dangerous spot for horses, it being necessary to herd the animals carefully in the daytime and tie them up at night to prevent accidents from passing trains. Consequently an immediate start was made from Bear Creek station (August 2) down the pack trail which leads to Beaver river, 800 feet below. About a mile and a half from the railway the trail crosses Beaver river by a bridge, then follows up the right (or east) bank of the river for a couple of miles, where it makes a turn up the north side of Grizzly creek. Here the trail branches, one fork assending Grizzly creek to connect with the north fork of the Spillimacheen river, while the right hand trail crosses Grizzly creek by means of a bridge and ascends Beaver valley. The trail runs in a southeasterly direction along the east side of the river for about twenty-three miles to the head of the river. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRUNCH 81 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b and crosses a low pass (altitude 4,700 feet) into the valley of the Duncan. Beaver trail is now in bad condition, being littered with windfall, necessitating the constant use of axes in order to make it passable for the pack horses. About six miles from the Grizzly bridge the first swamp or meadow is reached, where feed may be obtained for horses, then during the remainder of the distance there are many swamps and meadows, which however at high water make the trail very disagreeable for travelling, and it is an open question which is the worst, the swamps or the windfall. As progress is made along the Beaver valley, openings in the dense forest allow occasional glimpses of the black and white precipitous mountains which line the west ern side of the valley. These rise to a height of over 10,000 feet, and their sheer dark masses form the easterly confines of the extensive Illecillewat and Deville neves ; and I may add that this view of Mt. Sir Donald and the other majestic peaks of the Selkirks is much grander than that seen from the Canadian Pacific railway on the western slope. On the left or easterly side of Beaver valley Bald mountain lifts its long undulating height scarcely above timber line. Beaver river, which rages and races through canyons and rapids in its lower reaches, soon becomes much smaller as its many glacial feeders are passed, until at the summit between Mt. Beaver and Mt. Duncan, the river commences its flow from the broad Beaver glacier, which extends its tongue into the very valley. Here, too, from the Duncan glacier only a short distance beyond, Duncan river takes its rise, flowing southward. About three miles from the pass or about twenty-three miles from Bear Creek railway station, one of the largest confluents of Beaver river, enters from the west, being a stream about fifteen feet wide, and only a mile long coming from the enormous Grand glaciers, which lie in the cold bosoms of Sugarloaf and Grand moun- tains. Although Sugarloaf mountain seems to lie quite close to the pass, it is more easily reached via Grand glacier. Consequently we pitched our main camp on the bank of Beaver river, and taking instruments and packs ascended the south branch of Grand glacier to an altitude of 6,800 feet, where we bivouacked on a small tim- bered slope beside the glacier. The following morning we ascended the glacier to an altitude of 9,000 feet, making only slow progress over its rough icy surface and around its many wide crevasses. After climbing steadily for several hours the morn- ing turned cloudy and fine rain and sleet commenced to fall. We soon realized that further advance would be but a waste of time so returned disheartened to our fly- camp. Then followed five days of steady rain, during which time the whole vicinity was shrouded with dense clouds, and we were never able to discern objects more than a hundred yards away. On August 19, it began to clear so the following morning before daybreak we once more attempted Sugarloaf. This time, however, instead of ascending the glacier we stuck to the rocky cliffs leading directly to the desired peak. After a steady but by no means difficult climb of six hours, almost entirely over ice and snow, we reached the summit (altitude 10,700 feet). A temporary cairn was erected for station ' 24,' but we could not set the permanent brass bolt on account of the depth of the snow. The descent to our fly-camp was made in four hours with many exciting glissades down almost precipitous snow fields. The next day we returned to our main camp in the Beaver valley. Although the geographical position of Sugarloaf mountain is a good one for a triangulation station, it is not a perfect location by any means. Owing to the heavy precipitation in this locality, and the consequent enormous areas of ice and snow, glaciers and neves, it is only on rare occasions that a perfectly clear day can be obtained for observing and reading the angles necessary for triangulation work ; while signals set on peaks in this district are also but rarely visible from adjacent stations. From our camp near Grand glacier we returned to Bear Creek station in two days, although the trip in had taken over four days. The whole trip occupied twenty-two days, of which eighteen were rainy. 25b— 6 82 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 There is some very fine timber up the Beaver arid Duncan valleys, fir, spruce, cedar and hemlock. Large deposits of iron pyrites exist in the mountains on the west side; also some copper and traces of gold on the eastern side towards the head of Beaver valley. Game is somewhat plentiful, consisting of caribou, deer, marten, wolverine, and bear, while goats are numerous on the mountains to the west. station 30. That portion of the railway belt which lies north of Beavermouth and west of Columbia river had never up to this time been explored or mapped, so a visit was made into this district to establish triangulation stations and at the same time to pre- pare a topographical map of the country by means of triangulation, photography and track surveys. Start was made from the Sixmile Creek railway siding, where the united north and south branches of Sixmile creek enter Beaver river from the west, about four miles from the mouth of the latter. Both valleys of Sixmile creek flow rapidly through narrow valleys between the mountains, and a route up either stream is im- practicable for horses. Several years ago a prospector made a trail up the north branch for several miles, in order to tap some rich mica deposits which he had located and staked there, but nearly all traces of the trail have been obliterated by slides and fallen timber. Between Columbia river and the north branch of Sixmile creek, a long ridge extends from the northwest, its southerly hog's back reaching in a point to the siding at Sixmile creek (altitude, 2,600 feet.) This ridge was swept by fire several years ago, and it now stands grey and black with the burnt remnants of once valuable timber. Up this long hog's back we cut our way through debris and hrule, the horses with light packs following slowly up the steep incline. After advancing in a northerly direction for about three miles an elevation of 6,000 feet was attained, and here the going was comparatively easy through the sparse timber and undergrowth of this altitude. Camp was pitched on a pleasant spot where the first water was found, the horses, finding plenty of grass in these high lands. We continued our advance in a northeasterly direction through narrow passes at timber line, then along the level ridge termed ' The Esplanade,' on the westerly slope of the Esplanade range, lying between Sixmile creek and Columbia river. On our left the north branch of Sixmile creek lay several thousand feet below, while beyond rose some of the highest peaks of the Selkirks, ' Iconoclast,' ' Sorcerer,' ' Seraph,' 'Cherub,' 'Ventego' and 'Pearce.' A secondary station No. ' 30A ' was established on a peak of the Esplanade range, Cupola mountain, so called on account of the shape of its rocky summit. Angles were read, photographs were taken, and other information derived for topo- graphical purposes. Advance was continued along the easterly slope of the north branch of Sixmile creek, and a gradual descent made to the head waters of that stream where we crossed a narrow snow pass, and reached the head of Spinster creek flowing northerly into Gold creek. From the pass we advanced for about a mile, dropping down several hundred feet, and pitched camp beside a small alpine lake, (Sunbeam lake). Secondary station ' 30 B ' was established on Sentry mountain (altitude, 7,500 feet), which is the most 'northerly mountain of the Esplanade range, and overlooks the mouth of Gold creek and Bush river valley. From station ' 28 ' (Blackwater) and subsequently from Sentry and Cupola mountains, a high mountain since named Mt. Sandford, has been picked out as an excellent position for primary station ' 30.' This mountain lies near the north limit of the railway belt, in township 31, range 28, west of the fifth meridian, and is situ- ated between Gold creek and Novelist creek. To reach this mountain, we therefore took packs on our backs (horses being of no further use), and crossed over a range TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 83 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b of mountains to the west of our camp. We then descended some 4,000 feet into the valley of Bachelor brook or south branch of Gold creek, a rapid mountain stream about thirty feet wide. This creek flows through a n arrow valley from the southwest and obtains its water from snow and ice in the very heart of the Selkirks, and emp- ties into the main branch of Gold creek, about fifteen miles from the mouth of the latter. We made a difficult crossing over the swiftly flowing Bachelor brook, by means of an improvised foot bridge, and finding that progess was extremely slow through the dense timber along the banks of the creek, we ascended to timber line of Sonata mountain, the mountain lying between Bachelor brook and Gold creek. From Sonata mountain we soon discovered that we were still a long way from Mt. Sandf ord, and that that mountain, alas, was covered with fresh snow. We established a secondary station, ' 30 C,' on Sonata mountain (9,000 feet) then returned to our main cam)., :i fxe-r an absence of five days, during three of which it had rained. A heavy snow storm now set in, which covered the whole district with nearly a foot of snow, so we returned to the railway at Sixmile Creek siding. A topographical map of that part of the railway belt in the vicinity of Gold creek and Sixmile creek has been prepared, with names for the important mountains and streams. Gold creek enters Columbia river from the west, near the mouth of Bush river and is a rapid glacial stream, which during the months of July, August and Septem- ber, carries an immense volume of water. Although a reconnaissance was made up Gold creek at the time of the preliminary surveys for the Canadian Pacific railway, no trail exists up the valley, which is at present impracicable for horses. There is much valuable timber up Gold creek, and its many confluents which has not yet been taken up. There is very little mineral of value in the vicinity despite the sug- gestive name of the stream. Rich deposits of amber and white mica exist all through the Selkirks from Sixmile creek to the 'big bend,' and although some claims have been staked and recorded, the mines have not been developed. NOTES ON THE WEATHER. The winter of 1906-7 which was such a severe one all over Canada was none the less so in the Rocky and Selkirk mountains, and the sonwfall was especially heavy. 'The spring too was late and even in the last week of June, the snow still lingered below timber line. It was not until after the first week in July that the higher peaks became at all free from their many feet of snow, so that the cairns and signals of the triangulation survey were visible. After such a winter it was of course expected by all that the summer would make amends but in this we were greatly disappointed. Some very warm weather was experienced it is true, but on the whole the summer was the wettest for many years, the only compensation being the lack of forest fires which are generally such a curse, especially during the month of August. The mosquito pest was worse than usual, and we were troubled with that scourge from June until the end of September. Of course it must be realized that weather condi- tions are often judged from different view points, and that many days which are term- ed 'cloudy^ by a mountain surveyor, are called 'fair' by residents of the valleys, for the clouds which obscure the mountain peaks and the surveyor's signals serve to muke the days more pleasant to the sojourners in the valley. During the latter half of June in Columbia valley there were nine fair days (all of which were very warm and sultry,) one cloudy day, and five days of rain. In the month of July, in Columbia, Blaeberry and Blackwater valleys we had fifteen fair, two cloudy and fourteen rainy days. In August in Beaver valley it rained on twenty- one days (with snow on the peaks) and of the remaining days six were fair and four cloudy. During September in the valley of Gold creek, and the vicinity of Bush river, thirteen days were fair, three cloudy and fourteen rainy, with some heavy snow- falls even at the low altitude of 5000 feet. The month of October was exceptionally 25b— 6* 84 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 fine in Columbia valley, being free from severe storms, and very little snowfall on the mountains. Although the reports on the weather give only four rainy and five cloudy days, the conditions were not suited to triangulation work. A heavy mist obscured the whole valley and the neighboring mountains every morning and it was unaffected hy the rays of the sun until nearly eleven o'clock at which hour the banks of fog lifted only to cling tenaciously to the cold mountains. Then at four in the afternoon as the sun settled below the western hills the mist descended once more in a dense mass. The water in Columbia river during the summer months was lower than usual, which goes to show that the amount of extreme heat especially in the early summer was less than in other years. GENERAL NOTES. The west boundary of Yoho Park reserve has recently been altered by Order-in- Council, and instead of following the meridian between ranges 19 and 20, west of the fifth meridian, from the summit of the Beaverfoot range to the south limit of the railway belt, it now runs southeasterly along the summit of the said range of moun- tains to the limit of the belt. This change throws open to settlers a goodly portion of fruit and farming lands, and already advantage has been taken of it by homesteaders and purchasers. At present only the bottom-lands in the Columbia valley are at all under cultivation, and but few attempts have been made to thoroughly test the possi- bilities of this district for producing the hardy and small fruits, although the results of most endeavors have been eminently satisfactory. Besides the bottom-lands, how- ever, there is a large area of excellent bench-lands suitable for fruit farms extending back to the main mountains, but these lands will need considerable clearing, a task, however, which seems to require more energy than the easy going ranchers of the valley have at their disposal. A great portion of the said bench-lands is comprised Within timber-berths, which have been stripped of their best timber, except that suit- able only for railway ties. Should these lands be desired at any time for farming purpose they could be expropriated from the timber-berths without any serious loss to the lumber companies. However, until the much delayed Kootenay Central •branch of the Canadian Pacific railway is constructed there will be very little acti- vity in this district, either in agriculture or mining. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, P. A. CARSON, D.L.S. APPENDIX NO. 19. REPORT OF WILLIAM CHRISTIE, D.L.S. SURVEYS OF BASE LINES IX THE PROVINCE OF MANITOBA. Chf.sley, Ont., March 27, 1908. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of my surveys during the season of 1907. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRIAN CH 85 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b On April 17 I received your instructions dated April 15, to survey the eighth base line across ranges 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, and the ninth base line across ranges 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and part of 19 all west of the principal meridian. I was delayed in starting for the work owing to the fact that the six-inch transit which I had ordered from the Department did not arrive until May 27. On May 29, I left Chesley and on June 1, arrived in Winnipeg, where I was to organize. On June 6, I went to Winnipegosis and purchased a sail boat as instructed. I also purchased five pack horses. On June 8, I returned to Winnipeg and on the 10th went to Teulon, where I disposed of the wagon, buckboard and harness belonging to the outfit used by me last year. The rest of the outfit, together with two additional horses purchased at Teulon, I shipped by rail to Winnipegosis in charge of a member of my party. Returning to Winnipeg I completed the organization of my party and left on the 13th for Winnipegosis, where we pitched camp on the 14th. We were delayed here until the 21st waiting for the boat to be rigged and for supplies to arrive from Winnipeg. We would scarcely have been able to start earlier even had we been prepared, as the lake was not clear of ice until about that date. On that date,' however, having sent five men across country with the pack horses, we loaded the outfit and supplies on the boat and proceeded across lake Winnipegosis, down Waterhen river to Waterhen lake, and thence continued down Waterhen river to lake Manitoba. We met the pack horses at a ranch on the west shore of lake Manitoba on section 16, township 29, range 15. Here we left the boat and most of the supplies, and moved with pack horses to the northeast corner of township 28, range 15. From this point the line was run easterly across ranges 14, 13 and part of 12 to the western shore of lake Manitoba. This portion of the line was completed on July 8. As I had no further need of the horses on this line, I sent two men to take them down to The Narrows in anticipa- tion of having them taken by steamer to Oypsumville, which was the most convenient point to the northeast corner of township 32, range 10, at which point the survey of the ninth base line was to be commenced. On July 9, having had the boat brought around to the line, we crossed the lake and camped on the east shore in township 29, range 10. I found that the portion of this line across range 10 as far as the east shore of the lake had already been surveyed. On July 10, I went to Gypsumville and arranged with the Manitoba Gypsum company to have the horses taken across the lake to Gypsumville by one of the company's steamers. I began the survey of this portion of the eighth base at the northeast corner of section 33, township 28, range 10. By July 24, the line was com- pleted across ranges 10 and 11 and connection made with the portion of the line on the west side of the lake. On July 25, I started for Gypsumville with the outfit. Arriving there on the 26th I found that the horses had not yet arrived. They reached there on the 29th and on the 30th we left Gypsumville. On August 2, we camped on section 1, township 33, range 10, and began the survey of the ninth base line at the northeast corner of township 32, range 10. I used pack horses to move across ranges 10, 11, 12 and 13, as far as Boggy creek, which crosses the line in section 35, township 32, range 13. From here to the end of the line I used the boat exclusively for transporting the outfit and supplies, the country through which the line passes being so swampy as to be almost impassable for horses. At some time it was with difficulty that the horses, without loads of any kind, were kept up with the camp. The horses also suffered greatly from swamp fever and foot-rot; so much so that up to the time of completing this line, five of them died. Considerable time was lost in moving camp, cutting roundabout trails to avoid swamps while moving with horses, and on account of the roundabout route to be taken when moving by boat on the lakes and rivers. When I reached the east shore of lake 86 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Winnipegosis I left the horses in the care of Mr. Adam, rancher and fisherman, until the completion of the line on September 25. I then crossed the lake and ran the line ea^t from the northeast corner of section 32, township 32, range 19. On October 8, I completed this line by connecting the two portions across lake Winnipegosis. The error in longitude of closing across the lake was 17.82 chains. On October 9, I returned to Winnipegosis and received your instructions to survey the tenth base line easterly across lake Winnipegosis to the east boundary of range 15, the principal meridian across townships 26, 27 and 28 and the eighth base line across ranges 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. I made inquiries regarding the time at which navigation usually closed on the lake, and the nature of the country adjacent to the lake ,through which the tenth base line would pass. From the information received I concluded that it would not be advisable to attempt to make the survey of the tenth base line at that time. I telegraphed you accordingly, and in reply was instructed to proceed with the survey of the principal meridian and the eighth base line. I accordingly shipped the outfit by rail to Teulon. Here I purchased three wagons, three sets of harness and another horse, with which to move the outfit and supplies out to the starting point, a distance of about seventy miles by the route taken. This route followed the colonization road from Teulon to Icelandic river. The trail crosses Icelandic river in township 23, range 1, east of the principal meridian. From here a trail leads north across townships 23, range 1, east of the principal meridian, and 24 and 25, range 1, west of the principal meridian, to Fisher river, where some set- tlers have located in township 25, range 1, west of the principal meridian. The roads were in such condition, owing to the unusually wet summer, as to be almost impassable. And I found that the loads were altogether too heavy for the horses I had. Having got as far as township 21, I hired a team of horses and two teams of oxen, thus reducing the loads for each team by one-half. On October 31, we reached the settlement men- tioned above and the freighters returned home. From here we cut a road to the meridian and camped on section 12, township 26, range 1, west of the principal meridian. In cutting this piece of road we had to make a wide detour to avoid swamps. On November 5, I began the survey of the principal meridian at the northeast corner of township 25. When I reached Fisher river with the survey, the horses were in such a condition that I saw clearly that they would not be able to endure the remainder of the survey, as it was impossible to provide proper food in sufficient quantities along the lines. Two of them had already died since commencing this line. I therefore decided to resort to man packing for the remainder of the survey. I left the horses and as much of the outfit as possible in care of Mr. E. Rogers, who has a ranch on Fisher river, in township 28, range 1, west of the principal meridian. I then began the survey of the eighth base line, which I completed on December 28. I had previously arranged to have some Indians come in with dog trains to move the outfit back to Fisher river. They arrived at the camp with five dog trains on the 29th and on the 30th we started for Fisher river, where we arrived on the 31st. As there was now about a foot of snow on the ground, I thought we would be able to travel much faster with sleighs than with wagons. I therefore exchanged one of the wagons for two sets of bobsleighs. I also hired another team to help move the outfit back to Teulon, where we arrived on January 9, 1908. I stored the outfit with W. C. McKinnell, of Teulon, who also contracted to winter the remaining six horses. On the following day I returned to Winnipeg, discharged my party, and arrived in Chesley on January 14. Throughout the whole of the region traversed during the season's operations good water was found in abundance, much of the country surveyed being under water at the time of the survey. Practically the whole of the region traversed is too low and wet for farming purposes without considerable draining Big game, parti- TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAXCH 87 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b cularly moose, is plentiful throughout the whole of the region traversed. Some jumping deer were also seen on the east shore of lake Manitoba on the eighth base line. No minerals of any kind were noticed along the lines surveyed, but gypsum is mined quite extensively in township 32, range 9, west of the principal meridian. I have the honour to be, sir, Tour obedient servant, WM. CHEISTIE, D.L.8. APPENDIX No. 20. REPORT OF T. A. DA VIES, D.L.S. surveys in central alberta. Ottawa, February, 28, 1908. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D. Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report concerning the survey work done in the Edmonton and Lloydminster districts during the season of 1907 in accordance with instructions issued to me on April 16 and September 17, 1907. On April 17, I left Ottawa for Edmonton and having arrived there proceeded to organize a party for the season's work. This done we left Edmonton and drove to •Wetaskiwin; thence we followed the Wetaskiwin and Hardisty branch of the Cana- dian Pacific railway to a short distance east of Gwynne, where the trail left the rail- way going in a southeasterly direction through Rosenroll; thence following Battle river and passing through Heather Brae we arrived in township 44, range 19 west of the fourth meridian on May 5. At this time snow lay on the ground from one to two feet deep and during the first week owing to snow storms work was considerably delayed. After that the snow began to disappear rapidly and weather conditions became favourable for work. This section of the Edmonton district is well settled and opened up with well travell- ed trails and surveyed roads. Along many of the section lines grading has been done and small bridges built by the settlers. In each township sehoolhouses have been built and -are well attended. On Su j- days church services are held in them. There is a weekly postal service, the post offices being conveniently placed throughout the district. In connection with the post office there is in most cases a general store to supply the settlers with their several wants. The country is broken by Battle river valley averaging three-quarters of a mile in breadth, with slopes from one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet in height. The river itself, generally, is two chains wide, varying from two to ten feet deep during the summer season, with a current of approximately two miles per hour. It flows in a southerly direction through this section of the country. On each side of the valley the country is a first class farming district having an undulating surface with clumps of poplar and willow bush. The clumps of poplar and those of spruce, tamarack and some birch which are thickest in Battle river valley and in Meeting creek and Willow creek valleys, make a sufficient supply for fuel, fencing and building purposes, but are not of large enough extent for lumbering. 88 DEPARTMENT UF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 The soil is generally a sandy loam with a clay subsoil, and in some parts a rich black loam. Coal, which is deposited in pockets along the slopes of Battle river valley is used to a small extent for fuel by the settlers, but it is not in sufficient quantities for mining purposes. Other minerals were not seen. The water is pure and the iupply plentiful. In section 18 of township 41, range 16, west of the fourth meridian there is a 6mall fall of about ten feet on Battle river and this is the only water-power in the district. Good wild hay is obtainable throughout this country and grows luxuriantly in many parts of Battle river, Meeting creek and Willow creek valleys. Good crops of wheat, oats and flax are harvested and these are the chief products, blthough potatoes and all vegetables ordinarily used, are grown successfully. Cattle ranching, owing to the large number of settlers, is carried on in very few parts and in a small degree. The settlers are composed largely of men from the United States and eastern Canada with a considerable number of Norwegians and Swedes and a comparatively 'few Englishmen. Frost came for the first time during the season about the middle of August, but T understood from the settlers that this was unusually early. The chief game in the district is duck. There are a few prairie chicken, coyotes and lynx. Having completed the work in this district on October 1 we drove to Bawlf on the Wetaskiwin branch of the Canadian Pacific railway and from there shipped the outfit to Edmonton and thence by the Canadian Northern railway to Lloydminster. From this place we drove along the mail trail northeasterly to Hewitt Landing post office on the south bank of Saskatchewan river. Here we were ferried across the river and proceeded about five miles down stream to a suitable camping place in township 53, range 26, west of the third meridian, where we were to do retracement and restor- ation work in accordance with the instructions of September 17. That part of the country in township 53, range 26, west of the third meridian and north of Saskatchewan river is rough and sandy and broken with small lakes, sloughs, marshes and muskegs. Pipestone creek, which flows southerly along the east boundaries of sections 33 and 28 and here enters Saskatchewan river, divides the north part of the township into two parts by the rough and wooded coulee through which it flows. To the west of this creek large clumps of poplar, spruce and tamarack from two to ten inches in diameter almost cover the country. To the east is rollincr with scattered clumps of popular and willow bush. Farther to the east in ranges 25 and 24, the country becomes higher, and i* covered with willow bush and poplar from two to twelve inches in diameter. The soil is a light sandy loam with a clay and sand subsoil. The wa'er in the creeks is good and pure, but in most of the sloughs and lakes alkaline. Good wild hay grows abundantly, especially along the valley slopes. Settlement had not crossed the Saskatchewan, but settlers were scattered along the southern slope of the valley. They had grown wheat and oats in small quantities, and owned some few head of cattle. As far south as Big Gully creek which crosses the northeast corner of township 50, range 27, and the southwest corner of township 50, range 26, settlement is in an early stage. The settlers had apparently been in (he country but a short time, houses and shelter for cattle were being built, pieces of land ploughed and small crops of grain harvested. Most of the settlors .ire English. The country is hilly with scattered clumps of second growth poplar and willow brush. The small lakes and sloughs which are numerous are very often alkaline. The soil is a sandy loam with a clay subsoil. Game consists principally of duck and prairie chicken. There are also s >nie coyotes and muskrats. There was no indication of miner >'s. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 89 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b Fuel can be obtained in small quantities from the scattered clumps of poplar. The larger poplar timber lies mostly along the banks of Saskatchewan river. About November 1 the sloughs and small lakes began to freeze over and by the middle of the month the frost began to settle in the ground, so that by th" end of the month the digging of pits became a slow and difficult part of the work. Consequently having received instructions to close the season's operations when these conditions came about, we stopped work on December 2, drove to Lloydminster and shipped the outfit to Edmonton where having made satisfactory arrangements with Mr. Angus McDonell, of Ray, Alberta, for wintering the outfit, I placed the same in his charge and left Edmonton for Ottawa, where I arrived on December 11. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. T. A. DAVIES. D.L.S. APPENDIX No. 21. REPORT OF W. J. DEANS, D.L.S. SURVEYS IX SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN. Brandon, February 24, 1908. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on my surveys in Saskatch- ewan during the season of 1907. On May 12, I received your instructions directing me to make a retracement and restoration survey of township 21, range 1 west of the second meridian, and township 24, range 30, west of the principal meridian. I also received instructions on the same date to sell a horse which had been left at Oak Point. I tried to dispose of the horse by corresponding with some parties, with whom I had some acquaintance, but failed. It was, therefore, necessary for me to visit Oak Point. I found the horse in a very poor condition, but after a great deal of effort I succeeded in selling him at what seemed to be a good price. On my return to Brandon I expected that a letter containing the iisual advance would be awaiting me, as the instructions stated that such would be mailed in a few days. It was June 8, when the advance reached the Bank of Montreal. On June 12, I left Brandon for Saskatoon to take over an outfit which had been left at this place by Mr. W. R. Reilly. I found the light horses, which had been wintered by Mr. J. McNeil, in splendid condition, although the winter had been most severe and hay exceptionally scarce. It was a source of great pleasure to me to meet a man who had carried out his agreement in such a satisfactory manner. A large portion of the outfit which was stored with Mr. J. F. Cairns, Saskatoon, was destroyed by fire. It was consequently necessary for me to rep'ace the parts required before leaving Saska- toon. This unforeseen occurrence delayed me two days. On June 17, I obtained a car from the Canadian Northern Railway company and shipped the outfit to Canora at which place it arrived on June 21. Owing to the sever- ity of the winter and the great snowfall, the roadbed of this railway was in a bad con- 90 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 dition in many places and derailments were quite frequent. I was much relieved when the car arrived containing the outfit and man without any serious mishap. From Canora I went by road to Yorkton arriving there on June 22. My instruc- tions were to organize the party at this place. I had not been in Yorkton since 1899, and my recollections associated it with a collection of shacks. I was surprised to find it a place of such size and importance and began to realize the possibilities of this western country. Two days were required to organize the party and get supplies so that it was not until June 25, that I got started for township 21, range 1, west of the second meridian, the scene of my first work. The country between Yorkton and this township is well settled in places and con- tains many fine cultivated farms, and buildings equipped with all appliances for suc- cessfully carrying on farming operations. The houses contain conveniences which one would hardly expect to find in such a new country. The original survey of township 21, was made in 1880 and many of the corners were marked with wooden posts and bearing trees which in most cases had disappeared and now that the township had become well settled it was necessary to retrace the lines and restore the monuments so that roads could be constructed and fences placed on the correct lines. Most of settlers signed the necessary petition enabling me to do this work and appeared pleased when it was completed. The Polar Star Ranching company own a number of sections in this township and had quite a large force of men engaged in cleaning the land and placing it in a state fit for cultivation. The old settlers have waited long and patiently for a railroad and are elated over the prospects of their expectations being realized. The Canadian Pacific have surveyed a line which runs from Esterhazy to Bredenbury and passes through the centre of the township. It is thought that this line will be constructed at once. The Grand Trunk Pacific have also constructed their main line about two miles south of this township so that the settlers will have railway facilities which will enable them to market their produce to great advantage. I completed the survey of township 21 on August 2, and next day started for Salt- coats. While in this vicinity I investigated a claim in reference to a lake located on the northeast quarter of section 11, township 24, range 2, west of the second meridian. I found that the lake was one the area of which should be deducted according to the provisions of the Manual of Survey and accordingly traversed it. On August 6, I started for township 24, range 30, west of the principal meridian, arriving at the northwest corner the same day. We erected our tents and made prepar- ations to start to work next day. This township was subdivided in 1882 and in 1902 a restoration survey was made, the surveyors reporting serious errors in the original survey. My instructions were to correct these errors if possible, and retrace all lines. I found it impossible to make any corrections owing to the numerous complications, but retraced all the lines and restored the monuments. The plan of this township fur- nished me showed a lake having an area of about 160 acres, located on sections 25 and 26. I was much surprised to find that no such lake existed, the site being mostly high and dry prairie. There are quite a number of Galicians settled in the northwest comer of this township, where the most serious mistakes occur, but I found that Galicians were much like other nationalities, the desire to have the errors of survey corrected extending only to the man with the small homestead. The work was seriously retarded in this towcship by the extraordinary wet weather which prevailed throughout August. The want of railway is greatly felt by the settlers in this part. I intended to go south after finishing my work in township 24 to carry out your instructions contained in a letter dated July 4, but a telegram received on August 29, stated that surveys were required of Doukhobor villages near Buchanan and that I was to communicate at once with Michael White, Doukhobor interpreter. I tele- graphed Mr. White that I would try to be at Buchanan on September 5, but owing to the wet weather and the impassable condition of the roads, I did not reach Buchanan until September 10, at which place I was further delayed two days so that it was TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRIAXCH 91 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b September 12, before I arrived at the Doukhobor village of New Gorilloe, in township 32, range 6, west of the second meridian. My instructions in reference to the survey of the Doukhobor villages stated that I was to be guided by information contained in a letter of the secretary of the Department, dated August 15, and the suggestions of Michael White, Doukhobor interpreter. The villages were to contain twenty acres and where not on sectional road allowances were to be connected by roads from the village site. I first surveyed the village of New Gorilloe, giving it an area of twenty acres including a road. I also surveyed a road one chan wide, starting from the northeast corner of section 5 and running easterly in a straight line to the northeast corner of section 4. Over this road the Doukhobors and public living to the west will be enabled to reach Buchanan by a short and good route. My next work was to survey the village of Kyrillovo, situated on section 7, township 32, range 6, west of the second meridian. This village has an area of 20 acres, including a road connection. I next surveyed the village of Moirayovo, situated on the west half of section 21, township 31, range 6, west of the second meridian. The village has an area of 20 acres. This village being near the centre of the section, it was necessary to give them an outlet, and accordingly I surveyed a road a chain wide, starting at the quarter- section post in the east boundary of section 20 and running easterly to Spirit creek, where I made a diversion in order to get the best and most economical site for a bridge. Shortly after crossing the creek the road again assumes its original course and eunnects with a road which I surveyed through the Doukhobor village of Resbe- hileovo, thence on to the meridian road allowance east of section 23. This road will allow the Doukhobors living to the west, south and east an outlet to Buchanan which can be travelled at any season of the year, made possible by the construction of a bridge across Spirit creek. The settlers and people of Buchanan greatly appreciate this road. My next work was to survey the village of Ootishennie, situated on the southwest quarter of section 31, township 30, range 5, west of the second meridian. This village has an area of twenty acres and is situated near Patterson lake. On September 28, I started to survey the village of Kalmakova, situated on the southeast quarter of section 31, township 30, range 5, west of the second meridian. I surveyed a road southerly from this village to the sectional road to the south. The area of this village, including a road running through the centre, is twenty acres. I next surveyed the village of Old Gorilloe, situated on the northeast quarter of section 17, township 30, range 5, west of the second meridian. The area of this village, including roads, is twenty acres. The inhabitants of this place are all independent Doukhobors and are divided into two bitter factions so that Mr. Michael White and myself found it impossible to reconsile the dicordant elements. We accodingly laid out the village and roads in a way by which we considered all parties would be equally benefitted. There is a public school in this village. We surveyed two acres as a site for the school. The Doukhobors do not take advantage of the facilities offered to obtain an education, there being only one Doukhobor present on the two occasions when 1 visited the school. On October 9, in company with Mr. Michael White, I left Buchanan for the Doukhobor village of Novoe. It was reported by the Doukhobors that the houses in this village were on the road allowance and on this account they wished a roaj diver- sion. I ran the east boundary of section 14 and found that the houses were not on the meridian road allowance, and that to divert the road as the Doukhobors wished would close up the only ford on Whitesand river for a considerable distance and would doubtless inconvenience the public who might have occasion to use this road. We therefore refused to make any diversion. On Saturday, October 12, I arrived at the Doukhobor village of Pakrofka, situated on the northeast quarter of section 28, township 30, range 1, west of the second meridian. I surveyed this village, giving it an area of twenty acres, including iwo connecting roads. One of these roads is a chain wide and is taken off the southerly 92 DEPARTMENT Of1 THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 part of the northeast quarter of section 28, township 30, range 1, west of the second meridian, and runs the whole width of the quarter section and in an easterly direction, connecting the village with the road allowance to the east; the other road is fifty links wide and runs from the road allowance north of section 28 southerly through the village. While surveying the Doukhobor villages I noticed the supreme authority Peter Veregin had over the community and the use he made of his power. I know little about the religion or creed of the Doukhobors, but it appears to me that they do not observe very strictly that code of morality common to all Christian sects. My work was greatly retarded by rain in September. I found Mr. White thoroughly conversant in all matters pertaining to the Doukhobors and deeply inter- ested in all that concerned them. It was a great pleasure for me to be assisted by him in this work. On October 16, I left Pakrofka for Frame lake, having received instructions in September to traverse that portion of the lake which extended into township 34, range 3, west of the second meridian. I arrived at the lake on October 19, and com- pleted the traverse the same day. From Frame lake I started for Invermay by way of Buchanan to investigate the necessity of traversing two lakes situated in town- sihp 32, range 8, township 32, range 9, and township 33, range 9, west of tho second meridian. I retraced some of the lines in townships 32 and 33, range 9, placing traverse points on the lake shore. I extended the east boundaries of sections 28 and 33 to Saline lake. I decided it would be better to wait until these lakes were frozen before attempting to traverse them, as there was a thick growth of poplar and a peculiar stone wall around the lake in many places. On October 28, I started for Kamsack to retrace the boundaries of a parcel of land situated in the northeast corner of Cote Indian reserve No. 64, and to make a traverse of Whitesand river from the second meridian to its junction with the Assiniboine river, also to retrace the west boundary of Cote Indian reserve No. 64, and subdivide any unsubdivided land east of the reserve. I arrived at township 30, range 31, west of the principal meridian on November 2, and started to retrace the boundaries of a parcel of land referred to in your instructions as being in the north- east corner of the Cote Indian reserve, No. 64. I found that the subdivision within the ri 'I've did not agree with the work which had been done previously to the east, there being a jog of nearly 10 chain in the roads running east and west. I traversed the easterly boundary of the reserve and found that there was a deflection to the west but not as much as that which appears on the township plan. I found a small piece of land east of the reserve which had not been subdivided. I extended the lines through this to the reserve. In township 29, range 31, west of tie principal meridian I retraced the east boundaries of sections 33 and 28 and the north boundaries of sections 21 and 28 re-establishing the corners. I also retraced the south boundary of Cote Indian reserve, No. 64, and connected this with the subdivision to the south. On November 16, I started to retrace the lines in township 30, range 32, which crossed Whitesand river, placing traverse points in the centre of the river. I com- pleted the traverse of the Whitesand on November 29. On December 2, I with the party, took the train at Kamsack for Ivermay to traverse Saline and Stonewall lakes. I completed the survey of these lakes on December 7, and on the 9th returned to Kamsack where I found your instructions in reference to retracing the south bound- dary of Cote Indian reserve, No. 64, and connecting it with the subdivision to the south. I completed this last work on December 11, and on the 12th I paid off the party, stored the outfit and made arrangements to winter the horses. I arrived back in Brandon on December 14. Not having any assistant I thought it better for me to do the larger pieces of work as I found moving a large party slow and cumbersome, taking up too much of my time. The weather in June, July, August and part of September was very wet making travel slow and unpleasant, also seriously interfering with the work. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b The wheat crop throughout the part of Saskatchewan in which I was working turned out poor, but oats and barley did very well. I noticed a great deal of new breaking throughout the part in which I was engaged, the crop conditions not affect- ing adversely the spirits of the settlers. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, W. J. DEANS. D.L.8. APPENDIX No. 22. REPORT OF L. E. FONTAINE, D.L.S. TRAVERSE OF MILK RIVER IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA. Levis, Que., March 23, 1908. "E. Deville, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of my field operations, during last season, on the course of Milk river, in southern Alberta, performed in accordance with your instructions dated April 10, and those of subsequent date relat- ing t© subdivision of part of township 4 range 6 west of the fourth meridian. On receipt of your instructions, I proceeded to Ottawa, where I remained two days, in order to procure additional information for the carrying out of the survey operations during the summer, I then left for Edmonton, Alberta, where I arrived on April 29. My object in going to that point was to forward south the outfit stored there during the previous winter, and to secure the services of my men of last year who would be willing to hire for a second season, and also, if possible, engage the full complement of labourers required, as I was well aware from past experience that I would not be able to engage the required number in the district where I was to operate. I was fully sucessful in this, and on May 3, I left for Calgary. On May 6, the men arrived from Edmonton and on the 8th, they left for Leth- bridge by way of the Calgary and Macleod trail, and on the 14th arrived at their desti- nation. I had preceded them by train, and occupied the few days at my disposal completing the organization. On their arrival, everthing being in readiness, we pro- ceeded on our journey to the international boundary by way of Cardston and Taylor- ville, and on May 27, camped on the southeast quarter of section 3, township 1, range 23, west of the fourth meridian. For a few days following my arrival at the starting point, on account of the high winds and prevailing rains, I was obliged to postpone operations; eventually, conditions becoming favourable, the work was proceeded with and carried out suc- cessfully and uninterruptedly. In order to act in accordance with your instructions and carry out effectively the two distinct survey operations called for therein, I proceeded to traverse the river, using the stadia method during two successive days, and on the third day, while a squad of men would be moving camp, I gave my attention to the line of levels. This mode of procedure, in my estimation, was, the only way that these two operations could be carried out simultaneously, without any loss of time, and the result achieved is an evident proof in this respect. 94 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 The course of the river meandering across ranges 5 to 23, was considered too great a distance in longitude to refer all bearings to the same meridian ; therefore, the following division was made: — 1. From station 1 to station 322 all bearirgs are referred to the central meridian of range 23. 2. From station 322 to station 68S, all bearings a e referred to the central meri- dian of range 17. 3. From station 688 to station 919, all bearings are referred to the central meri- dian of range 11. 4. From station 919 to station 1101, all bearings are referred to the central meridian of range 7. With reference to the line of levels, it may be noted that from the starting point, following the north branch of the river and proceeding easterly to the forks, a differ- ence of six hundred and twenty feet in elevation was observed over a distance of sixty miles, or an average fall of a fraction over ten feet to the mile. On the south branch from the forks in a southwesterly direction to the inter- national boundary a difference of two hundred and ninety-six feet in a distance of twenty-five miles was observed, or an average fall of nearly twelve feet to the mile. From the forks easterly to the international boundary in range 5, a fall of eight hundred and fifty-four feet in a distance of one hundred and fifty-five miles was noted, or a drop of five and a half feet to the mile. The line of levels was carried on throughout the entire traverse, and at every half mile, when practicable, the elevation of the river bank above the water line was noted. The elevation used at the starting point is that given for bench mark No. 53, mentioned in the report, ' Irrigation in the Northwest Territories of Canada, 1902,' by J. S. Dennis, Deputy Commissioner of Public Works. Connection was also made with permanent bench marks Nos. 288 and 290. of the above-mentioned survey. As requested, section iron posts marked T. H. (traverse hub) on one side, a; id B. M. (bench mark), with a crow's foot ( 1 features, except that it carries a greater volume of water and has a swift, r current. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRiAXCH 95 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b Except in ranges 5 to 8, where a few poplar, cottonwood and willow are to be found on some of the benches, the remainder of this valley is absolutely void of timber. On the other hand, any quantity of building stone can be obtain d through- out almost its entire course. ******* * On the completion of the operations on Milk river, I attended, as requested, to the subdivision of part of township 4, range 6, west of the fourth meridian, and when this was carried out, I left for Calgary, where I discharged the party. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedi nt servant, LOUIS E. FONTAINE. D.L.8. APPENDIX No. 23. EEPORT OF W. T. GREEN, D.L.S. MISCELLANEOUS SURVEYS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA. Ottawa, March 1, 1908 E. Deville, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following general report on my survey operations in southern Alberta during the season of 1907. In accordance with your instructions of April 22, I left Ottawa for Calgary on April 29, and arrived there on May 3. All through the west the season was very late, and the settlers were anxiously awaiting the advent of warmer weather. Little or no seeding had been done up to this time and grave fears were being entertained as to the safety of the crop for 1907. I organized my party in Calgary, where I found that men were fairly plentiful. With the exception of cook, the positions on the party were easily filled. It was difficult to secure a good cook for the wages paid by the Depart- ment. On May 9 I left with the party by train for Claresholm, a nourishing town on the Calgary and Edmonton extension of the Canadian Pacific railway. Like so many towns in the west, the growth of this place has been phenomenal. Four or five years ago there was nothing but the station house, a mere dot on the prairie, while to-day it is a thriving centre of industry with a population approaching the thousand mark. The country to the north and east which has so long been the undisputed territory of the ranchers is now being converted into farms. All around could be seen the smoke of 'the steam ploughs turning over the virgin soil. I understand that hundreds of these outfits have been brought into southern Alberta within the last year and as, under favourable circumstances, they can turn over twenty or thirty acres per day, one can readily see what a factor they are becoming in the development of the country. Fall wheat can be grown quite successfully in southern Alberta, and will, in a few years, I think, be an important asset to this portion of our great West. On May 10 I hired a livery and with three of my party drove to Lyndon to the home of Mr. Erwin, with whom Mr. Hawkins stored his outfit when he closed opera- tions the fall before. This drive proved to be particularly interesting and instructive. 96 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 leading as it did through the Canyon ranch and the ' Forty-four.' The latter with an area of about 17,000 acres is one of the largest ranches in this neighbourhood. On all sides were to be seen the ghastly relics of the most severe winter Alberta has experi- enced for over twenty years. Dotting the hillsides, in the ravines, lying in the creeks, and sometimes on the trail were seen the carcasses of last winter's victims. I found the transport outfit in very fair condition, with the exception of the buck- board which would have lasted scarcely a month on our work. Accordingly I sold it to Mr. Erwin and purchased instead a ' democrat ' from the agent of Gray's Carriage works, in Claresholm. I spent two days in Claresholm, having the horses shod, wagons and harness repaired and purchasing supplies. On May 15 we moved to the northeast quarter of section 35, township 13, range 24. west of the fourth meridian. The country between Claresholm and Little Bow river is rapidly becoming settled and but little land available for settlement is vacant. Gen- erally speaking the trails are good. The Blackfoot trail has been fenced up across many of the sections, but the road allowances are rapidly being graded into shape and before long will be as good as any in the west. The surface of this district is open and undulating, becoming more decidedly rolling as one approaches the Little Bow. Close to the river the soil is of a light sandy nature, becoming heavier farther back. Mr. A. C. Nash, for whom the survey was performed, has a comfortable home on the edge of the river. He is engaged entirely in ranching. High cut banks are to be found along the Little Bow with outcropping of rock in several places. No evidence of coal was found though there is a good coal mine within reasonable distance where the settlers obtain their fuel. I completed the work in this township on May 21, and on the 22nd moved to Clares- holm again. The afternoon was spent replenishing supplies and on the morning of the 23rd we left for our next work in township 13, range 1, west of the fifth meridian. There is a surveyed trail from Claresholm to Lyndon postoffice, a distance of about twenty-two miles. This road is good in dry weather, but in a rainy season becomes very heavy. There is a much shorter route across the Canyon ranch, but several steep hills make the road impracticable, except for a saddle horse or a light load. From Lyndon to Lyndon mill, a distance of seven or eight miles, the Lyndon Lumber com- pany have graded a road for the convenience of settlers drawing lumber from their mill in section 11, township 13, range 30, west of the fourth meridian. This road like the one from Claresholm to Lyndon is very heavy in rainy weather, although excellent fin a dry season. We reached Lyndon mill at noon on May 25, and as we could get no farther with wagons, we camped on Lyndon creek near the mill. Lyndon mill has a capacity of 12,000 feet per day and supplies the settlers for miles around. They have been operating now for over two years and have enough timber in sight for two or three years without being compelled to move their mill. Lyndon creek is about eight or ten feet wide and two to three feet deep. Its water was unques- tionably the choicest I found all season, clear as crystal and cold as ice. The district is eminently a ranching country, though the settlers between the mill and Claresholm make some attempts at cultivation. Early frosts coupled with the hilly and broken nature of the country make agriculture to any great extent impos- sible. On June 5, having completed the work in township 13, range 1, we started for township 14, range 1, and although our next camping place was distant only about eight miles in a straight line from Lyndon mill, we did not reach our destination until noon of June 6. In that time we travelled nearly twenty miles, making long detours around the higher hills and frequently doubling for miles over the smaller. We camped in section 30, township 14, range 1, on Willow creek, and from there with one or two flying camps I was able to complete the work in this vicinity. This township can scarcely be equalled as a grazing and ranching country. A luxuriant growth of grass, a plentiful and permanent supply of water in Willow creek TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 97 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b and its numerous tributaries and plenty of open land for cutting hay, all help to make an ideal stockman's home. Much of the land in the northern and eastern portions would be suitable for grain growing if it were not for the danger of early frosts. In this connection a peculiar phenomenon was noted. Willows postoffice, situated in section 12, seems to be the line of demarcation for the ravages of the summer frosts. Below there, along Willow creek, vegetables and grain will mature well; above that point a crop is never sure. Several ranchers have quite large holdings — the Macin- toshes, McDiarmid^s and Biley and Thompson's being the largest stockholders. There is a fair road from Willows to Nanton, a thriving town on the Calgary and Edmonton extension of the Canadian Pacific railway. This trail crosses over a high hiil in the northeast of township 14, range 1, and I believe the provincial government intend sur- veying a new road to circumvent this hill. On July 26, we left for the forks of Highwood river in the southwest of township 18, range 1. With the exception of about fo.ir miles through Cochrane's ranch we found an excellent trail from the ' C.-C ranch in township 14, range 2, to the forks. On the way we passed through a portion of the ' Bar U ' ranch, one of the largest in the whole of the west. Travelling north the country changed from the roughly rolling and hilly character of the Willow creek district to the gently rolling and open farming country along the Highwood. Some excellent crops were noticed. The country along the river is very picturesque, on the one side high almost cut banks with a growth of poplar and willow, on the other a gently undulating flat with just a fringe of trees along the edge. A bridge is badly needed here, as the river is a dangerous ford at low >water and in high water is particularly dangerous. One of the settlers informed us on our arrival that there was an excellent ford, and trusting to his superior knowledge of the country, we attempted to cross with our loaded wagons. Suffice to say that we •were thankful to get our horses and dunnage back safely, and were content to remain on the high side of the river. After two days survey here, we left for our next work in township 20, range 4, west of the fifth meridian on July 30, going by way of High river and Okotoks, two pros- perous towns on the railway. On August 3, we reached section 21, township 20, range 4, finding an excellent trail the entire distance of sixty-five miles. Like Willow creek district, this is a ranching country though there is less open country. Some excellent hay flats are to be found along Ware creek or as it is locally known Sinnot creek. I believe there is good timber in the west of this township, and it is expected that a mill will be operated there in the near future. After completing the work here, we left for Calgary en route for Banff to perform certain surveys there pursuant to your instructions of July 25. We reached Calgary on August 15, and having secured a car, we loaded our outfit the same night. Owing to the irregularity of the train schedules at this time, we did not reach Banff until the morning of the 17th and we were forced to unload and move out to camp in a regular downpour of rain. This turned to snow during the night, and on the morning of the 20th, I received my first impressions of the mountains. So much has been written of the gorgeous splendour of the scenery here that anything I could say would seem of little value. But the grandeur of the view that met my gaze that morning will not soon be forgotten. Mt. Bundle, Sulphur mountain, Cascade mountain, Mt. Edith, the Vermilion and Sawback ranges and Tunnel mountain glistening in the sun with their new garments of snow, and rearing their lofty peaks until lost to view in the clouds above, made a memorable picture indeed. The popularity of Banff as a summer resort is so widespread that the numerous hotels, both tourist and commercial, are taxed to their fullest capacity during the summer season. It is the centre from which so many expeditions, of a nature interest- ing to the mountain climbing enthusiast, can be made and is an ideal spot for such to enjoy their summer vacations. Cascade mountain and Mts. Edith and Bundle challenge 25b— 7 S8 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 the more daring of the climbers, while Sulphur and Tunnel mountains provide an interesting climb for the less adventurous. Too much credit cannot be given to the superintendent and officials of the Rocky Mountains park for their excellent work in making possible many of these expedi- tions. Pack trails have been cut and blazed, roads which have not their equal in Canada have been graded along the valley of the Bow and everything possible is done to make the transient guest remember his stay in Banff as one of the bright spots in his travels. And yet much more could be done to enhance the natural beauty of the place. With the power right at hand, in the Bow River falls, the part of the valley known as ' The Loop ' could be transformed into a veritable fairy land. As the editor of one of the western weeklies remarked, ' it could be made to rival the world-famed Coney Island.' At present there is little or no entertainment provided during the summer evenings for the hundreds of guests and tourists and this lack must be very noticeable to the large percentage of Americans among them. The game regulations are rigidly enforced and the result is becoming noticeable, The park is a city of refuge for all kinds of game and this fact is doing much to preserve many of the animals peculiar to our Bocky mountains. A great many sheep and goats were seen on the Sawback range and they seemed but little afraid of man. On September 2, having performed as much of the traverse of Bow river as was convenient from our camp in ' The Loop,' I moved to the ' Brewster Leasehold,' the resurvey of which occupied three weeks. In the second week of September we had a heavy fall of snow lasting for three days and delaying the work considerably. One of my greatest difficulties while work- ing in the vicinity of Banff was the procuring of hay for the horses. Even at twenty dollars per ton, only hay of the poorest variety imaginable could be secured, one bale at a time. Those who had any for sale were very independent and it needed a deal of persuasion and pleading to get them to part with any. Oats at two dollars per sack were somewhat prohibitive. All the hay is brought by train from Calgary though the park authorities manage to cure a little each year for the use of the buffalo through the winter. It is no uncommon sight to see men wading up to their knees around Vermilion lake, carrying out grass forkful after forkful to some high spot where it could dry. The present holder of the Brewster lease has a large herd of dairy cows during the tourist season. Through the summer months he has upwards of fifty milch cows with which he supplies the larger hotels. In the fall he ships all but twelve or fifteen to some ranch farther east, wintering them there until the opening of the next season. With those he keeps he can provide for the winter population of Banff. The survey of the Brewster leasehold proved particularly difficult and arduous. With the exception of the portions of the northwest limit of the old park, the work could have been accomplished much more easily and expeditiously in winter. Forty- mile creek, a rushing mountain stream, had to be forded again and again in the tra- verse of that portion of the boundary of the lease. One of the party more daring than the rest would manage to make the first crossing and then by means of a rope the rest could be steadied across to safety. It was with many misgivings, I watched the transitman make the trips across with the instrument on his back. One mis- step and both might have been washed away. We would probably have managed to save the former but the loss of the latter would have tied up the survey for days. However the work was completed and the entire boundary resurveyed with no very serious mishaps. The length and bearing of the easterly half of the northwest limit were obtained by traverse saving us at least some of what appeared to be almost impossible chaining. On September 26, we moved camp to section 4, township 26, range 11, following the carriage road which the park authorities have put in such splendid shape. On our way we passed through the deserted village of Anthracite. Churches, hotels, stores and dwelling houses all bear testimony of the sometime presence of man. Good TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 99 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b coal was obtained here but after the mine was worked out the miners drifted away some to the new Pacific Coal company's holdings at Bankhead and others farther west. There is another mine at Anthracite which will probably be operated in the near future and the town will again become an inhabited centre. From this camp wo traversed Cascade river through township 25, range 11, and the left bank of Bow river as far as the east boundary of section 28. The want of a boat handicapped us very much in the traverse of Bow river. If it had not been for the railway bridges across the river I would have been compelled to purchase a punt or canoe. As it was we had many a long weary walk on account of being unable to cross the river. On October 2, we moved camp to section 27, township 25, range 11, and from there completed our work in this vicinity. The traverse of both banks of Bow riv^r through this township necessitated more or less cutting throughout the entire dis- tance. The right bank, especially in the western part of the township, was heavily wooded with large spruce and jackpine down to the water's edge. We completed the work on October 9, and on my return to camp that day I received your telegram instructing me to proceed at once to subdivide a portion of township 27, range 17, west of the fourth meridian. On the morning of the 10th we left by trail for Calgary. Considering the nature of the country through which it passes the road from Banff to Calgary is in splendid condition. If the portion between Canmore and Exshaw were properly fixed, it would equal any carriage road in Canada. From Calgary to the boundary of the Rocky Mountains park the pro- vincial government graded and are still grading their share of the road, and the park authorities are to be credited fcr the excellent work they have done on their portion from there to Banff. In a few years this should make a very popular driveway whe- ther for horse or motor carriage. On the evening of the 10th we reached Exshaw, where we remained until the next day to have the horses shod. Exshaw is a new town and its chief industry, the cement works, was not yet in running shape. The immense factory with its gigantic frame of steel, gave promise, however, of a thriving business. It was estimated that employ- ment would be given to fully three hundred and fifty men in the night and day shifts. The town is owned by the cement company, and it was refreshing to see a place where real estate offices did not crowd out everything else. On the night of the 11th we reached Morley, the Indian agency. Here I tried to secure the services of two Indians for the remainder of the season, but the wages did not seem sufficiently good to tempt the better class. From Morley we made the remainder of the distance to Calgary in a day and a half, reaching there at noon on Sunday. The entire journey was made in three days of actual travelling, a fact which speaks well for the character of the road. No more enjoyable drive could be taken in the west than that from Calgary to Banff. I was detained in Calgary from October 13, to 22, awaiting instructions from the Department which, unfortunately, had gone astray in the mails. The most regrettable feature, however, was the loss of the splendid weather at this time. On the morning of October 23, we left for township 22, range 4, west of the fifth meridian. On our way we passed through the Sarcee Indian reserve, about half of "which is composed of some of the finest land around Calgary. The surveyed trail from Calgary to Priddis is in splendid condition. West of there, the road is only fair and in several places in a wet season would be very bad. In one bog we broke the reach of one of our wagons, delaying us several hours. On the 24th we reached camp in section 35, township 22, range 4. This township is more wooded than the Willow creek country, but is still well suited for ranching. Most of the valleys are open and while much of the land, upon which hay could be cut, is somewhat swampy, there is plenty sufficiently high and dry to provide winter fodder. 25b— 7J 100 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 As yet there are only four settlers in the township and their holdings are com- paratively small. An attempt has been made at agriculture, although not to any great extent. Last year the crops were entirely ruined by the early snow and frosts, and the oats could only be used as green feed. In time, however, I believe that farming will be carried on all through this district as the land becomes cleared and drained. There is quite a large amount of fair timber in the southern and western portions, of the township, and plenty of standing fire-killed jackpine and poplar for fuel. On November 4, we moved to section 18. The trail across the township is impass- able in a wet season and even when we used it, was very soft in several places. The road ends at the northeast corner of section 18, and we made an attempt to open out a road into the next township west. We succeeded in reaching the southeast corner of section 18, but found that beyond that point wagons were useless. Fallen timber combined with the mountainous nature of the country to the west made pack horses the only practicable means of transport. Although we made an effort to do the work in township 22, range 5, I decided, after three days of heart-breaking walks, that this part of the work would have to be abandoned. As the season was so far advanced and as there were no settlers in the township, I did not think it advisable to incur the extra expense of purchasing a pack outfit. Accordingly on November 11, we moved back to section 17 to complete the work in township 22, range 4, This was accomplished on the 13th, and on the 14th we moved to section 25 of the same township. The return trip across this trail was, if anything, worse than the first. The ice on Fish creek was from one-half to one inch thick, and wherever the trail led across we had to cut a way through. Mr. Cummings, who is homesteading the northwest quarter of section 24, having purchased the southwest quarter of section 25 from the Canadian Pacific railway, asked us to locate his cor- ners for him before leaving the district. Accordingly we spent the 15th running the west half of the north boundary of section 24 and the east boundary of section 26, township 22, range 4. The lines were completely grown up, not a trace of cutting- being visible. Evidently when the original survey had been made, there was either open country or small scrub, while now. there is poplar up to six or eight inches in diameter. I found the mounds easily enough after cutting out the lines, much to the surprise of Mr. Cummings, who declared that no monuments had ever been erected. I renewed the mounds at the quarter section on the north boundary of 24, also the pits at the northeast of section 26. On November 16, we left for section 35, township 22, range 2, where I had made arrangements for wintering the horses and storing the outfit. We reached there that evening. On the 18th I sent in to Calgary, a distance of some twelve miles for any mail or telegrams which might have arrived in regard to further work. I received none though I presume that your wire in reference to the traverse of Willow creek must have arrived just after my men had called. I might say, en passard, that this tele- gram reached me in February of 1908. I decided not to delay the discharge of my party any longer and on the 19th I packed the outfit away and made out the articles of agreement with Mr. Stobo. As the horses and transport outfit were all in good condition for another year I presumed that it was not your intention to sell any part of them. Your letter of instructions ■which arrived later was in accord with what I had done. On November 20, I discharged my party although I had to remain a day or two in Calgary making arrangements with the bank for the payment of the cheques. I found the Bank of Montreal very courteous and I had no difficulty in getting the party paid. On November 22, I left Calgary arriving in Ottawa on the 29th. 1 I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, W. T. GREEN, D.L.S. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b 101 APPENDIX No. 24. REPORT OF ERNEST W. HTTBBELL, D.L.S. RESURVEYS AND INSPECTION OF CONTRACTS IN THE PROVINCE OF SASKATCHEWAN. Ottawa., Oxt., March 7, 1908. E. Deyille, Esq.^ LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following general report of my survey operations in the province of Saskatchewan, during the past season. In compliance with your letter of instructions dated April 10, 1907, I left for Winnipeg on April 23, arrived there on the 25th and remained over one day in order to inspect five thousand iron section posts, at the Manitoba Iron Works. Accom- panied by Mr. Miles, D.L.S. , I visited the said works and tested several iron bars, picked at random by driving them into partly frozen ground, the regulation depth. None were broken or defective. I then telegraphed you that the inspection was satis- factory. The next day I left for Moosejaw, my organizing station, and arrived there on the 28th, where I found my camp pitched and several of my men awaiting me, as previously arranged. The following week we were engaged in overhauling and repairing the survey outfit, bringing in horses from their winter quarters, purchasing supplies, training chainmen and attending to the numerous essentials for the equipment of a survey party. On May 4, we were ready to start, but owing to inclement weather, and as there was no grass for the horses, we decided to wait for a few days. On the 6th one of my horses was injured and although a veterinary surgeon was called at once and an operation performed, it was of no avail; the poor animal died in great agony. On the 7th we shipped 1,600 pounds of supplies by rail to Caron, distant eighteen miles, and the following morning left Moosejaw, making but ten miles as the trails were soft and muddy, besides a heavy snowstorm about two o'clock compelled us to pitch camp. The nest day we reached the initial point of our survey, section 6, township 17, Tange 29, west of the second meridian, and pitched camp, during a severe snowstorm. The whole country was covered with snow ten feet deep in the ravines and the weather like what we would expect in November. We commenced our season's work by running the east boundary of section 6, township 17, range 29, and proceeded northward along the meridian between ranges 29 and 30, renewing obliterated corners and re-establishing lost ones. There being no township monument at the northeast corner of section 36, towship 17, range 30, the fact was reported to you, this monument was destroyed in the construction of the Canadian Pacific railway grade (now abandoned) and is not the only instance to my knowledge, where survey monuments have been destroyed in construction of rail- way grades. It appears to me that some provision should be made by the engineer in charge of construction to perpetuate a mark showing the position of these monuments and not heedlessly ride roughshod over government land marks, which are essential to the eettlers and others for establishing the boundaries of their homesteads or claims. 102 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 In the triangulation of Pelican lake, township 18, range 30, we found an error of 10 chains, this accounts for the excess in the quarter section adjoining the cor- rection line. After considerable trouble with some of the settlers, owners of these sections, I was able to procure in writing their consent to the rectification of the erroneous monuments, thus adjusting a longstanding dispute and giving to each settler his theoretical area. The excessive width of 1J chains existing on the correction line between townships 18 and 19, range 29, I am afraid, cannot be adjusted without many complications and much expense, as the settlers all have accepted the original monu- ments and built their houses and fences accordingly, nor do I anticipate further com- plaints, all now appearing satisfied with the existing state of affairs. I therefore, recommend that the department take no further action in this matter. We now proceeded to survey a meridian through townships 19, 20, 21 and 22, in range 29, which had been omitted in the original survey of these townships some twenty years ago. The survey of this line did not meet with the approval of all the settlers concerned, many being under the impression that the strip of land eight chains wide, was part of the sections they had bought or homesteaded. On May 24, we arrived at Craik. The weather up to this time had been cold and raw with considerable frost in the ground. The country passed over is all prairie, fairly level, soil generally sandy loam, and worth from eight to fifteen dollars per acre. A fair portion is under cultivation and many new arrivals were employed building houses, fences and tilling the soil. Firewood and coal is procured at Caron and Mortlach, two small but thriving towns on the main line of he Canadian Pacific railway. The price of lumber varies from twenty-five to thirty-five dollars per thousand. The Canadian Pacific railway is extending a branch line from Moosejaw to The Elbow on the south branch of the Saskatchewan river, graders were hard at work on this extension and a townsite was being surveyed in township 20. This railway will be of great advantage to the settlers in this district, who find it a rather long distance to the towns previously mentioned. I understand that this line is now in operation. We next proceeded to township 25, range 25, and traversed an arm of Last Moun- tain lake, which passes through sections 25 and 36 and had been omitted in the origi- nal survey. My next work consisted of the retracement of section lines and eight miles of traverse of khe west shore of Last Mountain lake in township 27, range 24, which was finished on May 31. The weather continued cold and raw and the ice on this large body of water remained unbroken, something unprecedented. However, the frost was out of the ground and most of the settlers in this vicinity had completed their ploughing and seeding. I now proceeded to township 35, range 1, west of the third meridian, to make a resurvey of the township, which, upon examination, was found to have been carelessly purveyed. There were no iron posts, and the few wooden ones found were almost rotted away. The positions of the survey monuments, more especially the quarter section corners, were most irregular; however, the greatest error was on the east bound- aries of sections 3, 10, 15 and 22. The remainder, after considerable trouble were recti- fied, apparently to the satisfaction of most of the settlers. My experience in resurveys taught me that it is impossible to satisfy all the occupants or owners of land, someone is bound to raise an objection on principle, notwithstanding the fact that in some cases they gain considerable acreage and have their boundaries made straight. The Cana- dian Pacific railway has a line across this township, and the townsite of Elstar is surveyed and comprises portions of sections 3 and 10. I traversed a lake of about eighty acres in section 23, which had been omitted in the original survey. A detailed report of the resurvey of this township was sent you on June 17. The country in this vicinity and for miles around is prairie, surface level to rolling, soil generally TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRiiNCH 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b sandy loam, suitable for the production of wheat, oats, barley, flax and vegetables, in fact some of the finest crops in Saskatchewan are raised here, and land is worth from twenty or thirty dollars per acre. Plenty of good water of a permanent nature is obtained from the many large lakes. A limited amount of firewood is procured from around Manitou lake, distant twenty miles, a supply which' before very long will be closed to the settlers, as this timbered land is very rapidly homesteaded. It would be of inestimable value to the settler could a tract be reserved as a fuel supply. Grain and other farm produce is taken to Saskatoon, twenty to thirty-sis miles distant. Our next work was in the vicinity of Prince Albert (St. Louis settlement), distant by trail one hundred and thirty miles, where we arrived on July 3. During this trip we passed over a beautiful stretch of agricultural country, in fact the most productive of that great wheat-growing province of Saskatchewan. It is superfluous to dwell on the resources of this well known portion of our great West, suffice it to say, that there are few, if any, vacant homesteads. Land varies from eight to twenty-five dollars per acre. The wooded country commences about township 42, extending northwards. On July 4, we commenced the resurvey of township 46. range 25, west of the second meridian and finished the same on the 12th. This frac- tional township comprised of river lots is all settled with considerable land under culti- vation. The surface is fairly level and mostly covered with small poplar and willow, the soil generally being sandy loam. Very few of the original posts were found and great confusion existed among the settlers as to the boundaries of their claims. A surveyed trail runs through this township which was tied to our work when practicable. A lake of about seventy acres not shown on the original plan, in lots 14, 13, 12 and 11 was traversed upon request of several of the settlers. Whilst at work in this township and vicinity, we were troubled very much with flies, commonly known as ' bulldogs.' They are most vicious in their attacks upon animals, but fortunately disperse when the sun goes down and are not ' in evidence ' during wet or damp weather. My next work was the resurvey of township 44, range 22, where we arrived on July 17. A great portion of the township is muskeg or swamp, and with the exception of a few open spaces, all covered with timber, principally poplar and willow, the former averaging six inches in diameter. There are few settlers in this township ,it being too wet for cultivation. Not many of the original wooden posts were found, and these ■were far from their correct positions A surveyed trail across this township was connected with the new monuments of survey. Owing to the immense areas of impassable muskegs and swamps, it was impossible to survey all the section lines, although several attempts were made, the remainder if necessary will have to be done late in 'the fall or winter when everything is frozen over. Whilst engaged in the survey of this township the mosquitoes were almost unbear- able. Only once before have I experienced such a siege. Most of the time the weather was dull, cloudy and very hot, this combined with the wet surface of the country produced an unequalled climate for the propagation of mosquitoes. It was only by perpetual smudges that temporary relief was obtained for man and beast. For the information of the uninitiated and especially those who picture camp life as all sunshine, a few days spent in our camp at this particular time would effectively disabuse their minds as to the many pleasures one has on a survey. According to your instructions of July 13, we returned to Saskatoon in order to effect, if possible, adjustments of certain disputes, between several settlers in town- ships 32 and 34 ranges 1 and 2, west of the third meridian and recently resurveyed. After ten days continuous travel we reached our objective point and proceeded at once to investigate the various claims or grievances of the disaffected settlers, in which we were partially successful. A detailed report of proceedings on this occasion was forwarded you August 14. 104 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 My next work was the resurvey of township 49, range 26, where we arrived on August 23, after six days of continuous travel, during which we averaged twenty- four miles a day. The country passed over has already been reported on and I can only add that at this season of the year, the crops were at their best and looking remarkably well, but owing to the exceptionally late spring, all crops were two or three weeks later than usual. Township 49, range 26, is heavily timbered, principally with jackpine, spruce and some clumps of poplar, from which all the mercantile timber has been taken. About ninety per cent of the soil is sand totally unfit for cultivation. [Except a few half-breeds, who have shacks along the river, there is but one settler, the owner of a tannery and manager of the ferry at the crossing. The traffic across the river at this point is something wonderful, no matter the hour of the day, teams are always on the ferry, the rate charged is five cents per team. Considerable sand and firewood is hauled from this township to Prince Albert. Little Red river meanders through this township and averages about one chain in width and from four to eight feet in depth, has a current varying from four to six miles per hour and is spanned by a fine iron bridge in section 14. Great quantities of sawlogs are brought down this stream by the Prince Albert Lumber company. A timber reserve comprising nine sections in the southwest corner of the town- ship, I understand, is to be abandoned and thrown open for settlement. 'Owing to want of time all the section lines were not retraced. On September 7, we moved camp to section 23, township 50, range 25, and from here I re-inspected township 50, ranges 24 and 25, according to your letter of instruc- tions. Owing to unprecedented weather conditions, we had great difficulty in taking a flying camp into township 50, range 24. Practically all this portion of the country, except the sand ridges was under water, even where mounds had been built last year. ■We had great difficulty in getting part of our outfit across Garden river owing to the unusual depth of water, and the bad muskeg approaches, in so doing, three of our horses were nearly drowned. We next proceeded to Kinistino, about seventy-five miles distant, a prosperous town of three hundred inhabitants, on the Canadian Northern railway, and made some corrections and resurveys in townships 46, ranges 21 and 22. Township 46, range 22 is nearly all covered with small bush. Owing to the fact that there are no survey monuments to be found, a resurvey is being peti- tioned for by the settlers. Our next work was the resurvey of township 46, range 23, which was commenced on October 3, and finished on the 26th. This township is partly covered with poplar and willow. The surface is undulating to rolling and the soil generally first class. A surveyed trail to Prince Albert, closed in places, by some of the settlers, runs across this township. It was tied to several of the new. monuments. The Canadian Northern railway is constructed across the northern part of the township and the etation of Brancepeth is situated in section 20. All the homesteads are taken and considerable land is under cultivation. There are several rather large lakes, one of which we traversed upon request of the occupant of section 10. Great quantities of grain and vegetables are grown in this township and vi- cinity. In accordance with your telegraphic instructions, dated October 8 I pro- ceeded to Saskatoon on the 19th. On November 4, I started on my tour of inspection of survey contracts. From Prince Albert we travelled to Carlton where we crossed Saskatchewan river on a ferry, thence along a well beaten trail to township 47, range 11, west of the third meri- dian. We now commenced the inspection of certain survey contracts north of Battle- ford On November 26, we left Battleford and proceeded to Shellbrook, inspecting a contract in that vicinity. From here we went to Prince Albert where we arrived December 15, in the midst of our first real heavy snowstorm. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRIAXCB 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b My next and last work of the season was the inspection of a contract north of Prince Albert in the vicinity of Egg lake. The survey work of contractors now required by the Department is of such pre- cision that contract surveys of to-day must be unusually well done and the rigid inspection upon completion of a contract has a strong influence upon tbe work, it being the exception now for a contract or portion to be condemned. During the period of field operations, in which I was engaged last season, extend- ing from May 4, to January 8, we made ninety-two camps and travelled by trail alone eighteen hundred miles (as far as Moosejaw is from Ottawa.) This does not include the everyday use of horses on the usual survey work, nor the freighting of supplies and firewood from various points, which frequently involved on one trip alone a journey of seventy to one hundred miles. This proves conclusively the necessity of having good horses on a survey outfit having unusually long journeys, and in order to keep them in condition for these long trips plenty of oats must be at hand. In the performance of my allotments of work expending over a large area of north- ern Saskatchewan I had ample opportunity to gather knowledge of the resources of this country. Settlement is progressing even more rapidly than was anticipated. In every direc- tion the land is being cultivated and the ever increasing magnificent fields of grain are sufficient guarantee and advertisement of the prosperity of this fast growing country, which as yet is in its infancy. Last season was exceptionally backward; it was not until June 10, that the buds began to sprout, and the ice was in the larger bodies of watefr until June 1. The summer was wet, cold and raw; in fact, in places a slight frost was apparent every month, consequently the crops were from two to three weeks later in maturing; how- ever, as compensation, the months of October and November were all that could be desired and the weather perfect. On November 11, most of the smaller lakes were sufficiently frozen to walk on. Eailways are gradually extending through this vast country, greatly facilitating transportation, and many iron railway and traffic bridges have been constructed over the larger rivers. Good trails extend in every direction, even in the partially settled districts, and it is an easy matter now for the settler or land seeker to travel in any desired direction. Game of the feathered variety is to be had in great quantities, in fact in certain localities the supply appears inexhaustible. Eabbits are very scarce; it would appear as if every few years they disappear almost entirely. Wolves were numerous and bold, so much so lhat they would in daylight enter a corral to kill and carry away sheep. North of Prince Albert moose and other deer were quite plentiful, and we came across many of their yards. It might be well to record here that we found some recently constructed mounds trampled flat by these animals. The price of a team of good horses varies from three hundred dollars to three hundred and fifty dollars, oxen about one hundred dollars per yoke, and cows from forty dollars to fifty dollars each. Farm produce commands a high price, potatoes when procurable one dollar per bag, new potatoes seventy-five cents to eighty cents per bushel, butter thirty cents to forty cents per pound, milk seven to ten cents per quart, eggs twenty cents to thirty- five cents per dozen. Of course, these prices vary during different periods of the year. Great progress is perceptible in all towns and villages. There are many handsome buildings and industries, as well as a number of splendid schools throughuot the province. The country in which new surveys are being projected north of Saskatchewan river is covered for the greater part by bush, principally poplar, spruce and jackpine, suitable for building purposes and fencing, but not in sufficient or paying quantities for lumbering. 106 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 The soil is generally sandy loam suitable for the production of wheat, oats, flax and vegetables. Numerous streams and lakes afford a permanent supply of excellent water. We did not perceive any indication of minerals of economic value, stone quarries, coal or lignite veins, although it is the prevailing opinion that there exist vast quan- tities of coal, as yet undiscovered. In the province of Saskatchewan north of Sas- katchewan river the only town of any importance or having railway connection is North Battleford, which has a population of three hundred, and numerous fine build- ings, with good hotel accommodation. The Dominion Government has a combined land and immigration office here. North and east of Battleford there are numbers of vacant homesteads, which offer to the new settler unequalled advantages, and it may be worthy of note that the climate in this northern latitude is unsurpassed, in my opinion superior in every way to that of two hundred miles farther south. Large quantities of whitefish and other varieties are obtained from many of the larger lakes. Good trails extend in every direction except north of Prince Albert, where it is still unsettled. However, as- the Canadian Northern are extending their railway into this country and are now at work constructing an iron railway and traffic bridge across the Saskatchewan at Prince Albert it is only a matter of a short time before this portion of our great country will be the objective point for the new settler. In conclusion, I wish to record my appreciation of the services rendered by my assistant. Mr. Ear'e M. Dennis. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, E. W. HtTBBELL. D.L.S. APPENDIX No. 25. EEPORT OF A. W. JOHNSON. D.L.S. SURVEYS IN THE WESTERN PORTION OF THE RAILWAY BELT. Kamloops, B. 0, February 8, 1908. K. Deville, Esq. LL.D., Surveyor General, Otjfiawa. j Sir,— I began the season's work at Agassiz on February 15, by resurveying lots 536 and 39, group 1, and the adjacent land. As usual many of the original posts were missing, and I had to reconstruct these lots from what data was to be found on the ground. There is good hill land in section 6, township 4, range 28, west of the sixth meridian and in the section immediately south of that, which, though on a hill, is very easily cleared, there being only a comparatively recent growth of alder and birch. We were so much hampered by three feet of compact snow that I ordered snowshoes for the party. There is no prettier place on the Canadian Pacific railway than the Agassiz valley, with its soft, moist climate. Fruit, hay and hops grow very well and the last named is being cultivated to a large extent. To a northwest farmer, who wants a softer climate and a beautiful home this land should appeal. I had received instructions to survey some dyking lands on Pitt meadows as soon as possible, and judging that the snow would have gone I moved to Sturgeon slough TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BR\ANCH 107 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b on March 5, in township 40, east of the coast meridian. The whole of the undyked, part of Pitt meadows is a swamp, cut up by many sloughs. I got rubber boots for the men, otherwise it would have been killing work breaking through ice and wading in cold water up to your middle for weeks. This swamp was evidently at one time part of Pitt lake, and the sloughs which cut it up are affected by the tide as is the lake itself. We had more luck finding old posts than I expected, and I have no doubt that the survey we made very nearly coincides with the original. In some cases we put long cedar posts as well as iron ones to mark corners, for the latter were some- times below the water at high-tide. There is undoubtedly splendid land on these meadows. The main difficulty in dyking here is, I should judge, to keep the water from seeping under the dyke. As to whether it is feasible from a business point of view I am not expert enough to give an opinion. There is someone intending to do this particular piece of work and he is probably not doing it for fun. The lake is so shallow at the south end that if dyking turns out a success I believe it can be ex- tended in to the lake itself. As you paddle up, even in the middle, you can touch bot- tom with your paddle for two miles. We were troubled a great deal by wet weather at the end of March and the beginning of April. For two weeks it hardly ever stopped raining and we were thankful not to be in the bush. In the middle of April I went on with the traverse of Pitt lake itself. The west shore is very precipitous, the rock dropping into the water in perpendicular bluffs in many places and giving us endless trouble with the chaining and especially when planting posts at section corners or witness posts. It was not an uncommon thing to spend three hours getting a correct measurement to a point where a post could stand without the men being in imminent danger of falling off. When men are think- ing more of their foothold and the rocks a hundred feet below, than of the stones they are painfully picking out of the cliff for a mound the work is not done quickly. And the fact that the chief is wondering whether the transit, already much battered, will slip over that particular edge or not, does not help matters out. While this traverse and others on the meadows were being cut I ran a tri- angulation up to the head of the lake from a base on the long tangent on the Cana- dian Pacific railway, immediately east of Pitt river bridge. This was done with considerable accuracy, though I was bothered by funny trippers from Vancouver throwing away the large red and white signals that were conspicuous on rocks close to the water. At any rate I have no doubt that the section corners laid out around the lake and the belt limit are much more accurately placed than would have been the case had the work been carried up from the south end of Pitt meadows by traverse. There is one way on the west side at the mouth of the small valley that offers a splendid landing for picnic parties and there is good timber up that valley. In township 6, on the west shore are some benches with good timber which are being worked and on the east shore in the same township are similar benches, also being worked. The east shore is generally not so rough as the west, though there are two or three inaccessible cliffs that I had to climb around or work across by triangu- lation. Other work was pressing so I did not traverse rmich more than half the lake, but went on to the north end, laid out my second base, and ran a mile or two of the actual belt limit on both sides of the water, so that timber cruisers would have no difficulty in finding it. The mountains around the lake are not particularly high as mountains go in British Columbia, not more than five or six thousand feet, but they are very preci- pitous, one bare precipice piled on another as far as you can see. But at every creek mouth and on benches at other places there is good timber and a large number of logs have already been taken out to New Westminster. 108 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTE11IOR g-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 On my way to Keefers in the upper country I did two days' work at the quarry on Pitt river about which there is some dispute, and on May 27, began work at Keefers. Here I laid out as accurate a base as I could with the appliances I had, on the Canadian Pacific railway track and connected this with the nearest section corner. While I was doing this my picketman was putting up signals on both eides of the Fraser, for it was impracticable to get out of the canyon without crossing the river. Then as soon as I began to read angles I sent this man with a small party •up the Nahatlatch river to plant signals on convenient peaks and to put his last two ,as nearly twenty miles back from the railway as he could. , It is all to his credit, and saved me much time that the actual railway belt pass- ed about midway between his last stations which I made my second base. A sur- veyor will appreciate a feat of this sort. He had to canoe and pack on his back through forest without the vestige of a trail and pick out his peaks as he could catch glimpses of them through the trees or from the water and it is no exaggeration to say that had he been a couple of miles out it would have meant four or five days' extra work. The weather went to pieces in June just as I began reading angles and on 'Two Squares' mountain I was held for ten days without a tent and with very little food, waiting on timber line for the clouds to lift. Every day we climbed the two hundred feet between camp and the signal and shivered around a poor fire in a gale of wind as the snow fell. After this however I luckily got all my other angles without diffi- culty, and was glad to make a close tie on my second base. Nahatlatch valley has very little if any agricultural land, but there is timber in small quantities, east of the lake and on the lake itself. West of the lake the valley is wider, up to nearly a mile, but though there is timber there, it is not in large quantities nor of good quality. From the lake to the Fraser the river is just a roaring rapid, large enougli at the lowest water to develop tremendous power, for the drop is several hundred feet. The lake is not one sheet of water, but three, joined together by strips of quiet river and very beautiful. I expect that some day there will be a flourishing summer hotel on its shores and some enterprising man will build pack trails up to the basin on mount Whiskepig where one of the finest falls I have ever seen takes its rise. These valleys on the edge of the timber must be seen to be fully appreciated and in spite of the punishment they get climbing through dense huckleberry or young balsam and windfall, there are few men, however unromantic, who do not forget their troubles when camp is pitched in the park country under the ice. After tying on to my second base I ran the belt down to Mt.' Douglas near Harrison lake where I had planted a post in 1903. This was not more than fifteen miles in a straight line from the Nahatlatch, but it was not advisable to spend weeks making a horse-trail and we carried everything on our backs. To those who have packed steadily for a month over high mountains any description is superfluous and to those who have not, no words of mine could make them realize what it is like. I believe some of the men had a change of socks, but there was little other changing done, in most cases none at all, and one man left because I would not let him carry as many blankets as he wanted. The line zigzagged over mount Whiskepig and finally ran straight for six miles to Mt. Douglas crossing three deep canyons on the way. As soon as we had packed with great tribulation up one three thousand foot preci- pice we found a three thousand foot hole beckoning us insistently. But at last in a thunderstorm under the ice of Mt. Douglas glaciers, a thunderstorm so strenuous that we fled into the snow and threw away anything that had iron on it, we tied on. There is good timber on Silver creek which rises near Mt. Whiskepig, and keeps a distance of from one to three miles east of the belt along its entire course to Harrison lake : and though this creek is very rough and has two or three big falls, the timber will no doubt be taken out before long. It is all in the belt. I did not post every section corner of this last six miles. Putting lines up those precipices is very slow work even when it is possible and it was not by any means al- TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b ways so in this case Putting posts in on a very steep slope of rock is slower work still. So I put witness iron posts and also large wooden ones on the ridges and by the sides of streams in the canyons. As it is not likely that anybody but timber cruisers and prospectors, except surveyors furnished with the necessary data, will want to find the belt here, the above method will be sufficient, for prospectors will travel on the ridges, and cruisers in the valleys. There is the usual wilderness of peaks with glaciers here here and there. Mt. Whiskepig is about seven thousand feet high, but the Snowy Group to the west and southwest is higher. On my way back I ran the belt across the Nahatlatch valley. At the western end of this valley adjoining the belt, the land is very low and swampy. There are three hay swamps which are solid enough to carry a horse and were the saving of our train, but they would not grow crops because both in the summer when the snowwater comes, and more particularly in a winter rainstorm, they are flooded. When I had posted the belt in the Nahatlatch valley I put most of my men to work making a pack trail up Bear creek, which is just outside the belt, while with three men I went north to Mt. Kythe to see what could be done about getting horses through. I found an unbroken range of high mountains, the lowest pass filled with glaciers, and I determined that should it be found impracticable to take horses over this ice that I would send them around by a hunting trail above Lytton, that I had used the previous winter on a trip partly for hunting and partly to find out the best way to get horses into the belt in that part of the country. I took care to impress on the men with me exactly which of the distant mountains were approximately on the belt and then came back to camp after a rough trip indeed. I gave instructions to push the trail to the foot of the ice and to try to get the horses over; but this proved hopeless so they built a cache and left a lot of food and other things there. ■ Meanwhile I had taken a few men down to Chilliwak and did some work in town- ship 2, range 29, west of the sixth meridian. This finished, I met the mountain party at Keefers and paid everybody off. This was on August 24. Next morning I started seven men off with the train and told them to go up the trail mentioned above and cut a pack trail clear through Mt. Kythe on the north side of the range. This was done sucessfully and I now have a trail ready along the whole length of the unsur- veyed belt from the Nahatlatch to the Fraser. The party came in for the winter on October 15. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. ALFRED W. JOHNSON, D.L.S. APPENDIX No. 26. REPORT OF G. J. LONERGAN, D.L.S. INSPECTOR OF CONTRACTS AND MISCELLANEOUS SURVEYS IN CENTRAL ALBERTA. Buckingham, Que., Mar. 16, 1908. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to submit the following report of my surveying operations for the season of 190Y. I left Buckingham on April 15, and on my arrival at Edmonton, where I had my outfit of the previous season to meet me, I engaged a few men, 110 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 bought a small quantity of supplies and started for township 51, range 21, where I had to complete the subdivision of the township. It consisted of a few. miles of sec- tion line and a traverse of part of Cooking and Sisba lakes. The soil in this vicinity is a few inches of black loam with a clay subsoil and is more suitable for ranching, as great quantities of hay can be cut along the lakes and marshes. Cook- ing lake is very largely patronized by the Edmonton people, as a summer resort, and they have a number of tasty cottages on the south side of the lake. The wild rice in the bays is the natural feeding ground for ducks, geese and swans, and the lake is well stocked with fish. Having completed this work I returned to Edmonton and made preparations for a trip to Lac la Biche to inspect Mr. Binfret's contract. At Fort Saskatchewan a heavy fall of snow prevented us from moving for a few days. After the storm we continued our journey by way of Star, Wostok, Andrew, crossing Saskatchewan river at Desjarlais, then to Sacred Heart and Saddle Lake. From Bruderheim to Desjarlais is settled almost entirely by Galicians. They appear pros- perous as they each have a few cattle, a team of horses, and the necessary farming implements. However, I regret to say that I was told on reliable authority that a number of them had mortgaged their farms and invested the proceeds in town lots. From Saddle Lake north the trail wind.; around ponds and sloughs and undoubtedly was laid out by Indians. The country is very rolling and is covered with poplar and willow scrub and a few scattered spruce. The soil generally is a few inches of black loam with a clay subsoil. All along Lac la Biche and Beaver lake are located the Indian and half-breed settlers of the district. At Lac la Biche mission, which is one of the oldest in the west, is the Hudson's Bay company's trading post. Having inspected the part completed of Mr. Rinfret's contract I moved south- easterly to Mr. M. W. Hopkins' work, examining townships 63, ranges 11 and 12 and on my arrival at Saddle Lake I received your instructions to make a few correction surveys both north and south of the Indian reservation. This I did and then moved to townships 59 and 60, ranges 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. I found the contractor at work and five townships surveyed ; these I inspected and returned to Edmonton. While at Moose lake I saw a number of settlers and was told there were about thirty squatted on un- surveyed land and a few of them on the Indian hay reserve. This information I com- municated to you and noticed that on my second trip you had given instructions to have it surveyed. From Moose lake to Coal lake and for about twenty miles south of Coal lake I consider the best unsettled part of Alberta. I might state that I have worked six years in the northern part of the province and never more than six weeks in the same place and therefore there is very little left of the district that I have not been over. The soil is from six to twenty inches of black loam with a clay subsoil with good water and enough prairie that a settler can get a start on, and an abun- dance of hay to be cut on either the highlands or sloughs. On my arrival at Edmon- ton I received orders to repost two other townships (51, ranges 25 and 26). When about half through this work I received your instructions for the inspection of several other contracts. It being then August 6, I made a timetable and after due allowance for bad weather to drive 1.260 miles, inspect seventy-one townships and to make two other traverse surveys, I found that in order to do the work this season it was necessary to start at once. This I did and am pleased to state that I arrived at Edmonton four days late of schedule time on four and a half months' work. I found I could get from Edmonton to Mr. Magrath's contract, townships 7 and 8, ranges 12 and 13, wit., horses quicker than by train, consequently I drove. It was difficult to realize the changes in my old territory, southern Alberta, that I had left six years ago. What used to be a post office and country store on the corner of a cross- road had developed into a town of, in many places, a few thousand people, with well graded streets and good substantial buildings, and the older towns have spread them- selves out on the prairie to such an extent that it was almost impossible to conceive that it was the same place that I left a few years ago. Often our old camping TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRUNCH 111 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b ground that was from a quarter to half a mile from town is now the residential part of the city. But it is the 'West' where people move and move quickly. The irrigated crops are wonderful, firstly their productiveness and secondly the perfect control that farmers have over them. The principal reasons why the grains were frozen in the northern part of the province was that in the wet season the grain kept growing and did not ripen, while in the irrigated districts they have no rain and if a farmer wants his crops to ripen all he has to do is to close his head-gate or cut off his water supply and ripening commences, and at cutting time the ground is dry and the working of machinery is much easier. Having inspected Mr. Magrath's con- tract I moved northwesterly, passing through Taher, a new coal mining town. I did not have time to visit the mine but the geological features of the country are the same as at Lethbridge and undoubtedly it is the same seam they are working as the Lethbridge people. I crossed Belly river a few miles north of the town and then struck across the prairie about sixty miles, I came to the home ranch of the Circle outfit, and from there we had a trail to the Blackfoot Indian crossing of Bow river and to Gleichen, thence to McBeth's crossing on Red Deer river in township 27, range 17, west of the fourth meridian. This is about the centre of the south end of Messrs. Edwards', Fairchild's and Cautley's contracts. The country is very rolling except that part around the south end of Sullivan lake. Cattle ranchers say it is too rough a country for farming but on closer inspection I do not hesitate to say that at least sixty per cent is suitable for farming. The hills are long and gradual and not too abrupt to successfully and conveniently work farming machinery, except how- ever, the centre of the west part of Mr. Cautley's work, which is extremely rolling. It consists of small round hills fifteen to forty feet high and from one hundred to two hundred yards apart. I never saw such a rolling country, in fact I did not attempt to drive across but went about fifteen miles around it. Having completed the inspection of these three contracts I moved straight north to Vegreville, passing about fifty miles east of the Calgary and Edmonton railway. All the land along this route is taken up but it has been homesteaded within the last few years and there- fore farming is not advanced to any great extent. A young man wanting to pick up a homestead in a promising district would do well to go there and work out with other farmers and watch for abandoned claims. Often men make entry on land intending to farm and for various reasons, such as not having sufficient capital or getting home- sick, they leave their quarter section and never return to it. Their entry can be can- celled and a new entry made. From Vegreville I moved northeasterly crossing Sas- katchewan river at Brousseau thence to St. Paul de Metis, and from there to Mr. Hop- kins' contract. I found the contractor still at work. I inspected the surveyed part and then moved to Mr. Einfret's work at Lac la Biche, which I found had been completed during the summer. My next inspection was at Athabaska Landing where I had two contracts. From Lac la Biche to the Landing is forty-eight miles by straight line or a little over three hundred to go by way of Saddle lake and Fort Saskatchewan. Upon inquiry I found that the Indians have a wagon trail on the short route and on fur- ther inquiry was told that only one wagon had been over it. I therefore engaged an Indian guide and started, arriving at Mr. Cote's contract on the third day, seventeen miles east of the Landing. There is no doubt that it is the worst trail in Alberta and during warm weather it would be utterly impossible to make use of it. After in- specting Mr. Cote's contract I went to Mr. McGrandle's work which was about twenty miles west of the Landing. The country south of Athabaska river and in the vicinity of the Landing is suit- able for mixed farming. It is very level and covered in most places with light scrub. A man with a little capital to start farming here can in five years be independent. Oats are worth seventy-five cents per bushel and hay twelve dollars per ton. Every- thing elseis about in that proportion and the prices will remain high until a railroad is constructed. It is the prictacle headquarters for all freighting to the north. A farmer keeping a stopping place along the road from Edmonton said he had kept a 112 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 record of teams freighting and estimated that there were about 70,000 tons of freight carted per year to the north country. This would average about seventy teams per day. Having completed the inspection of all contracts, I returned to Edmonton where I discharged my men and went to the hospital to recover from a bad cold. On Decem- ber 16, I received your telegram to complete the survey of township 52, range 21. I engaged a few men and did this work. On its completion I returned to Ottawa, arriving there on December 24. I have the honour to be, sir, Tour obedient servant, G. J. LONERGAN, D.L.S. APPENDIX No. 27. REPORT OF A. L. MACLENNAN, D.L.S. SURVEYS IX SOUTHERN ALBERTA. Saskatoox, Sask., May 21, 1907. E. Deville, Esq., L.L.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the surveys made by me last season in southern Alberta, in accordance with your instructions dated Sept. 11, 1906: The district surveyed, along Livingstone river, was mountainous except a narrow strip of plateau abutting the banks of the river. The soil in certain parts of this prea is suitable for the growth of cereals, but the early frosts would prohibit the maturing of the same. The water is of the very best. In nearly all the streams flowing into Livingstone river there are the choicest salmon and bull-trout. Deposits of coal are to be seen under the conglomerate peaks of the mountains on both sides of the river. There is considerable black pine, Banksian pine and poplar. The short coulees of the mountain slopes afford excellent grazing for cattle and horses. The entrance to Livingstone valley is through the gap made by Oldman river in Livingstone mountain, and except at high water, entrance through this gap is easily made up the bed of the stream. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, A. L. MACLENNAN, D.L.S. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRIANCH 113 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 28. REPORT OF GEO. McMILLAN, D.L.S. INSPECTION OF SURVEYS IN THE PROVINCE OF MANITOBA. Ottawa, March 23, 1908. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D.. Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on my past season's work in the province of Manitoba. I left Ottawa on April 26 and arrived in Winnipeg on April 29. After making some preparations in Winnipeg I left for Piney to get the outfit and transport used the previous season by Mr. G rover. The horses were so thin that they could not stand hard feed and on reaching Winnipeg I was obliged to secure the services of a veter- inary. I was delayed over a week there till the horses got better. I completed my outfit on May 14 and on the next day reached Lac du Bonnet via Canadian Pacific railway. The ice had not then left Winnipeg river and I was delayed till May 24, when the ferry made the first trip across the river, and pro- ceeded to inspect contract number two of 1906, where I arrived on the same day. This contract includes township 14, range 12, east of the principal meridian and is traversed by Pinawa channel. This contract is densely timbered with large poplar and small spruce, the larger spruce having been cut off. In section 32 of 'this town- ship there is erected a large electric power-house, the property of the Winnipeg Elec- tric Street railway. The company has constructed a good corduroy road from Lac du Bonnet crossing as far as section 2. The soil is largely swamp except the strip bordering on Pinawa channel, which is of excellent quality. There are no people living in this township except the employees of the Winnipeg Electric Street rail- way. Moose and deer are abundant. From this work I proceeded by boat up Winnipeg river to contract number three of 1907. This contract includes townships 15 and 16, ranges 14 and 15 east of the prin- cipal meridian. There are five portages including Pointe du Bois rapids on all of which fine water-power is available. Pointe du Bois appeared to me to have the best location for the development of power on Winnipeg river and it is the rapids selected by the city of Winnipeg for the erection of a power plant, and a railway is being built from Lac du Bonnet to connect therewith. The soil in these townships is, with the exception of the strip bordering on the river, swamp or rock and timbered with scrub jackpine and spruce. There is also much floating muskeg. Moose and deer are plentiful and the river swarms with fish especially sturgeon. I completed tho examination of this contract and on June 29 reached the corduroy road on my return. From there I travelled to Lac du Bonnet and then by Canadian Pacific railway and Canadian Northern railway to Dauphin to examine contract number nine of 1906. The townships of this contract were so wet that I had to abandon the work after examin- ing township 26, range 14, west of the principal meridian. I next proceeded to Gimli arriving there on July 18 and completed the addition to the townsite in eight days. Gimli is an attractive spot and at present is the terminus of the branch of the Canadian Pacific railway. There are many fishermen resident there and the abundance of whitefish in lake Winnipeg affords them ample employment. 25b— 8 114 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 I next proceeded to make a resurvey of township 18, range 10, east of the principal meridian. I shipped by the Canadian Pacific railway to Selkirk and thence by boat to Fort Alexander arriving there on July 30. This township is densely timbered except the parts improved by the farmers, and it is traversed by Winnipeg river. On both sides of the river there is a strip of excellent land, while farther back it is swampy and in some instances floating (muskeg. It is not at all settled except on the lots fronting on the river. Farming is the chief industry but lumbering is carried on considerably and there are two saw- mil'.s in the vicinity. There are several water-powers, although none have yet been developed. In section 1 is the famous Silver falls rivalling the Pointe du Bois rapids. There is an abundance of wild fruit including plums, cranberries, blueberries and other wild fruit. Moose and deer are abundant. I completed the survey of this township on October 7, and proceeded to Manitoba House settlement. This settlement borders on lake Manitoba and is in township 22, range 11, west of the principal meridian. It extends for about one mile in an easterly and westerly direction and six miles in a northerly and southerly direction. The lots are not uni- form in size. Along the lake it is open and marshy and more remote from the lake it is densely timbered with poplar and willow scrub. The chief industries are stock raising and fishing and much hay can be pro- cured. The provincial government has expended considerable money on the trail through the settlement recently. I made a traverse of this trail and next proceeded to township 21, range 10 west of the principal meridian. I made a resurvey of the sections affected by the lake lots in this township. The same conditions prevail as in township 22, range 11, except that it is more thinly settled. I completed this work on December 16, 1907. I next proceeded to the examination of contract number nine of 1906. This con- tract comprises township 25, range 11, and townships 26, ranges 11, 12, 13 and 14, all west of the principal meridian. They are largely made up of swamps and sloughs separated by poplar ridges. The soil is largely of third quality and quite inaccessible in the summer season. Game consists of moose, deer, elk, wolves and coyotes. There are but six families resident in these townships. They are engaged in stock raising and live along lake Manitoba. I completed this examination on January 7 and pro- ceeded to contract number twenty-seven of 1906. This contract comprises townships 16 and 17 ranges 9 and 10 east of the princi- pal meridian. The soil is of third quality being composed of large muskegs separated occasionally by sand ridges. It is densely timbered and contains some patches of ■valuable spruce and tamarack. It is quite inaccessible in summer. I completed the examination of this contract on January 25, 1908 and proceeded to Mr. Watt's con- tract. I examined five townships of this contract, townships 13, 14, 15, 16, range 13 ,and township 14 range 14, all east of the principal meridian. These townships are densely timbered, there are some valuable spruce in all of them. The soil is of third ,quality and consists entirely of muskegs, swamps and rocks. Township 15, range 13 is traversed by a railway being constructed from Lac du Bonnet to Pointe du Bois. Winnipeg river traverses townships 14, ranges 13 and 14, and at some meridian crossings is very wide. Game consists of moose, deer, foxes and coyotes. As this •completed my work for the season, I stored the cAitfit at Lac du Bonnet on February 18, 1908 and returned to Ottawa. I wish to express my entire satisfaction with the service rendered by my assis- tant Mr. W. L. Maellquham. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, geo. McMillan, d.l.s. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 29. REPORT OF C. F. MILES, D.L.S. INSPECTION OF CONTRACTS AND MISCELLANEOUS SURVEYS IN SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN. Toronto, March 17, 1908. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following general report on my field operations during the past season in the province of Saskatchewan, comprising in- spection of subdivision contracts, surveying of townsites, resurvey of townships, and investigating and correcting some differences between settlers undar instructions, bearing date respectively April 5, April 24, July 17, August 21, September 6, Septem- ber 18, October 1 and November 6. Owing to my outfit being wintered about thirty miles southwest of Calgary, I engaged a man to go to Calgary. He left Toronto on April 16, arriving at Calgary on the 20th. Here he hired another man to assist him in bringing in my outfit to be shipped to Moosejaw. They loaded it on a car on the 23rd and arrived in Moosejaw on the 28th, the same day I arrived there from Toronto. We got under canvas tha following day, had the horses (which were in very pcor condition after one of the most severe winters that had been experienced for some years), shod, fed up, and repairs made to my wagons, harness, &c, &c. In the meantime, I sent out some men to bring in the horses and outfit used by Mr. Warren, D.L.S., last season from Mr. Nicolle's, Buffalo lake. They returned on the following day, accompanied by Mr. Nicolle, who had the wintering of the outfit, but one mare was missing. According to your instructions, I turned the horses and outfit over to Mr. C. C. Smith, D.L.S., together with three pack saddles of mine, that he could make use of in his mountain work. On account of the mare being missing I did not pay Mr. Nicolle's charges for wintering. I informed him that I would have to submit the matter to the Department, more particularly, as it appeared to me his charges were excessive. I had several communications from him since but as he could neither produce the missing mare, nor prove her death, I did not feel justified in satisfying his demands. The trails, all the time, were in very bad condition for travelling, the prairie being flooded for miles in the lower places. However, we broke up camp at Moosejaw on May 8, and made a start for Chaplin to lay out a townsite ,having ascertained that the trails to the south were almost impassable. Snowstorms were of daily occur- rence on the trail to Chaplin, where we arrived on May 10, going through numerous drifts of snow, necessitating our taking to the hills most of the way. Up to Parkbeg from Moosejaw, about forty miles by trail, the country is pretty well settled, beyond this point it becomes very sandy with but few settlers' houses visible from the trail, which runs parallel to the Canadian Pacific railway. Chaplin is a small railway settlement with probably little more than fifty inhabi- tants, most of whom are connected with or dependent on the railway. There is a tank here, the water of which is brought by gravitation from springs in the hills, about one mile to the north. This is also a coaling station; the old sheds were being replaced in the fall by coal chutes. To the south, lake Chaplin approaches within half a mile 25b— Si 116 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII. A., 1909 of the village and between the village and the lake there are. no settlers. To the north for about sixteen miles it is rather sparsely settled beyond that the soil is much im- proved, and settlers are plentiful, a number of new ones coming in while we were camped there. While making a preliminary survey of the outlines of section 29, township 17, range 5, west of the third meridian I ascertained that the pipe carrying the water from the springs to the tank at the station was not on the water-right of the Canadian Pacific railway in the westerly half of parts of sections 29 and 32, but on the easterly half, whereupon I communicated with the Department on the sub- ject ar>d also about crossings which had not been located by the Canadian Pacific railway. Receiving a reply from the Department not to delay on that account, I broke up camp at Chaplin on June 4, and took the trail for Moosejaw, arriving there on the following Monday. Here we laid in a fresh lot of supplies, oats, fuel, and lath for pickets, and left for the south on June 5. There is a fairly good trail to the south leading to Wood mountain. Northwest Mounted Police post. About sixteen miles out a trail branches off leading to Willow- bunch, this being the regular mail trail, the mail being carried twice a month from Moosejaw to Willowbunch, and thence to Wood Mountain outpost. A government telegraph line runs parallel to the trail as far as the outposts, thence to Willow- bunch, its terminus. We arrived at section 11, township 10, in range 30, west of the second meridian on the following day, where we camped beside a snowbank in a ravine, water being rather scarce in that immediate vicinity. We examined the work in several townships of contract No. 25, of 1906, and found that this contract was unfinished, many of the monuments not having been completed. From here I also ascertained that the pits had not been dug in contract No. 13, in range 1. From here we moved south and examined the townships in contract No. 10, of 1906, lying west of ' Lake of the Rivers.' There are extensive alkali flats to the south of this lake, traversed by a small creek, without any current at that time. The lake lies between banks from seventy-five to one hundred feet high, and this depression continues beyond the lake for many miles, in a southerly and easterly direction, the bottom being more or less alkaline, averaging over half a mile in width. I have followed this valley myself for nearly sixty miles to township 3 in range 23, and am told that it continues beyond. I had to take my outfit around by the southerly tier of sections in township 7 to avoid this flat, and the ravines running into it. Although the land in these townships was opened for settlement only a few months ago the majority of the homesteads are entered for. After examining the remaining townships east of ' Lake of the Rivers ' in this contract, and ascertaining that in township 9, range 28. the monuments had not been completed, I started north on the Willowbunch and Moosejaw trail on June 22. This trail traverses a very hilly country up to within about ton miles of Moosejaw. My outfit arrived in Moosejaw on the 24th and the following afternoon, after laying in some new supplies and having repairs made, we left on the trail running north to Tuxford, the present terminus, of the northwestern extension of the Canadian Pacific railway from Moosejaw. Tuxford, of very recent origin, is quite a thriving village, with several elevators, stores, &c. Another village called Brownlee is situated about the northwest corner of township 19, range 29, west of the second meridian. It started only the past year, and has already a number of stores, hotel, and other buildings. The homesteads along here are all taken up, and also most of the company lands are occupied. I completed the resurvey of township 21, range 1, west of the third meridian, and on July 9, moved camp from section 16, township 21, range 1. to section 9, town- ship 23, range 3. Here I reran the lines south of Sana lake and the Qu'Appelle which is a very small stream in this township. Between the lake, the river, and the adja- cent banks this township is pretty well cut up. The soil is light and only the south- erly tier of sections settled upon. Finding more than one monument at many of the corners, I abandoned this work for the present, until I could communicate with the TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAXCB 117 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b Department, and on July 15 moved camp to section 9, township 24, range 1, west of the third meridian. This township is fairly well settled, most of the homesteads being occupied. From this township there is a good graded road that leads into Craik, a village of probably five hundred inhabitants, on the Canadian Northern railway, about seventy-two miles northwest of Regina. There are several elevators, stores, hotels, and a bank here, and settlers come from quite a distance to trade. I finished the resurvey of township 24, range 1, on July 24, and moved camp the following morning to sec- tion 21, township 24, range 2. I worked but a few days in this township when your telegram was received instructing me to proceed at once to contract No. 13, of 1906. We started on July 29, and arrived at Swift Current on August 2, but owing to heavy rains, only reached township 11, in range 12, west of the third meridian on the 5th. Between Swift Current and this place we passed through a well settled country, there being quite a large settlement of Mennonites, who occupy about half a dozen villages (some not more than a couple of miles apart) in that district. Most of them came from Manitoba, and being frugal and industrious, they appear to prosper wherever they settle. In the westerly portion of this contract No. 13, of 1906, I examined the remain- ing four townships, viz., 11 and 12 in range 12, and 10 and 11 in range 13 ; the surface is high, rolling and well adapted for ranching; a fine creek runs through the northerly part of township 11, range 12 fed by springs in the adjoining township to the west. There are but two or three settlers in these four townships ; one of them in township 11, range 12, is a rancher; he has both horses and cattle. This section of the country appears well adapted for this business. The other settler was a more recent arrival and had but a small outfit; but all appear sanguine of success. Having lost a horse while in township 24, range 2, I purchased one from Mr. Alfred Russell, the rancher above mentioned. We broke up camp again on August 10 and started for the easterly portion of contract No. 13. We crossed Mosquito creek during the morning, and some time in the afternoon made the ' Turkey Track,' ' Brand Bull ' and ' Hay Camp,' the 'Home ranch' being about twelve miles to the north. It was this ranch which met such very heavy losses during the past severe winter. They were supposed to have by book-account, some 18,000 cattle, but, I am informed, they rounded up last spring not more than one-third of that number. The losses by the ranches in this district all through were very heavy. After crossing Notukeu creek at the ' Hay Camp ' we struck the old Fort Walsh to Begina trail, pretty well obliterated, and followed this for a couple of days, which brought us to the French Canadian settlement on Wood river. The country we passed through is mostly rolling prairie, and south from the creek appears very dry. There were no settlers met with until we neared Wood river. On account of the water being scarce, and not knowing whether we would meet with any more, we camped here, and the following afternoon reached section 2, town- ship 10, range 1. I succeeded in taking an observation the same evening. While camped here near the Wood mountain trail we were often visited by homestead seek- ers, who were anxious for information on many different subjects, as to trails, home- steads, soil, water, fuel, etc., etc. Townships 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, in range 1, in this con- tract are more or less rolling prairie, township 10 being somewhat hilly, interpersed with ponds. The nearest wood for fuel may be obtained about forty miles to the south, and the nearest coal in township 7, range 27, west of the second meridian, probably a distance of fifty miles by trail, it being situated at the east of 'Lake of the Rivers.' From here I sent a team to Moosejaw for supplies, including also some wood for fuel. I finished the examination of this contract (No. 13) on Aug- ust 23, and on the following day moved camp to section 7, in township 6, range 29. to contract No. 17 of 1907. The outer edge of Wood mountain extends to this place and the surface is comparatively rough and hilly, ravines are frequently enc- ountered containing timber, mostly poplar of not very large size, but set- tlers from a considerable distance come here for their fuel, and also for fence poles. The soil is principally a sandy loam. There are a few settlers in the 118 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 valley, most of whom are French half-breeds, who possess small herds of cattle and a number of horses, not much land being cultivated. I completed the examination of this portion of contract No. 17, on September 6, and moved camp to Willowbunch village on the following day. Here we got additional supplies, oats, etc., etc., and left again for the east on the 8th. At Holliss' on the 'Big Muddy* about sixteen mikis south- east of Willowbunch, I split up my party and sent my assistant with six nrm down the trail along the Big Muddy to the international boundary, thence to township? 1 and 2 in ranges 17 and 18 west of the second meridian, where they arrived on the 10th. On the creek near where it crosses the boundary there is an outpost cf the Royal Northwest Mounted police; their camp is close to a seam of coal from where they draw their supply of fuel. All this country is well adapted for ranching, water and feed being in abundance. These four townships are more or less hilly and stony, the soil consisting principally of a sandy loam. Leaving Holliss' on September 8, we travelled east along the big valley before mentioned for about fifteen miles to a house on the south side of the valley. As we had come across no monuments we visited it and found it occupied by a family from one of the provinces in eastern France. They had been there less than a year, and not having any near neighbours had not acquired the English language. They have a comfortable house shingled and painted, a good stable, and a large quantity of hay. They own five or six horses, and quite a number of cattle. The next morning one of the men took us to some pits which were on the south boundary of section 3, township 4, range 24. A good deal of hay has been cut along the edges of the valley, but out towards the centre it is mostly hardpan, with but little vegetation. I examined townships 4 ranges 23 and 24. The surface is rolling prairie and the soil black loam with, in many instances, a gravelly clay subsoil. A number of horses were seen here at large, grazing in the marshes, but, as there are no settlers in these townships, they may be owned by some ranchers to the southwest. We moved camp on September 12, to Willowbunch about twenty-five miles westerly. It was a cold day and showery, varied by hail, and a slight flurry of snow, the first of the season. On the 18th, when my assistant and party joined me we left Willowbunch for townships 9, ranges 26, 27 and 28. About seventeen miles distant the Moosejaw trail crosses that alkaline valley before alluded to. It runs from ' Lake of the Rivers ' to Willowbunch lake, and I was gratified to see a gang of men employed fixing up the trail across the flat. It used to be a bad place, so many teams getting mired in it. When I first crossed it in June, a wagon was still standing there, where out of a team pi four horses, two had been drowned. Now there is a bridge and the approaches are considerably raised. As there is a good deal of freighting on this trail it will be a boon to freighters and travellers. We camped at a place called ' Bickner's,' a de- serted house, where a man by that name had homesteaded on a wrong (an odd) sec- tion. Here we split up again, my assistant, with cook and five men, going to town- ships 9 ranges 25 and 26, while I followed up the Moosejaw trail, as far as townships 9 ranges 27 and 28. It passes through pretty good country, there being a few set- tlers between it and ' Lake of the Rivers.' In ranges 25 and 26 there are some alkali lakes, the soil in the sections surrounding them generally being sandy and gravelly. In township 9, range 27,, also part of contract No. 17, the surface is rolling and the soil a black loam with a clay subsoil. Township 9, range 28, is a part of contract No. 25 of 1906. The land is similar to that in range 27. On September 22 I was joined by my assistant anVl party at 'Bickner's' and then we camped at a spring on section 35, township 7, range 28. This spring is situated on the north side of the alkali flat before alluded to, and is somewhat strongly alkaline. I sent a man along the flat south of 'Lake of the Rivers' and he reported that with teams it would not be possible to pass around the lake. So, on the following morning we went back to the Moose- jaw trail, and struck south along the new road constructed across the flat. It was a long detour, but we managed to make camp the same evening on the southeastern quarter of section 5, township 10. range 29, this being in contract No. 25 of 1906. On the TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRUNCH 119 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b •way we passed quite a number of empty shacks, holding claims of homesteads some of which had been blown down, and completely demolished. We also passed a settler who had come there only in the spring; in the meantime he had built a house and stables, put up a large quantity of hay and had harvested a good crop of oats, besides breaking up a good many acres. This is on section 18, township 8, range 30. After examining of this contract (No. 25 of 1906) we moved west on the 25th to examine the extension of the same contract on Wood river, where there were four townships to in- spect. Here there is quite a large colony of French Canadians. There is a priest domiciled amongst them, but they were still worshipping in a large tent on the east side of the river, which is now spanned by a bridge on the third correction line. Much of the material for the church, which is to be erected on the west side of the river, was already on the spot, and the building by now is probably in course of erection. There is also a post office established under the name ' Gravelburg ' not far from the church site. A number of comfortable houses had been put up and large piles of wood for fuel which had drifted down the stream from the hills were observed beside the dwelling houses. Considerable areas of breaking also had been done, and was in progress of being done. After examining this contract we continued the inspection of the extension of Mr. Parson's contract (No. 17). There were ten townships lying on both sides of Notukeu creek. They are good town- ships and well adapted for settlement. They are mostly undulating prairie, the soil being black and sandy loam, with a clay subsoil. We moved Camp on October 1 to section 18, township 12, range 6. My assistant, with part of the party moved across to the north side of Notukeu creek, while I moved west. We completed our examination here as far as the subdivision had progressed, and on October 5 we all set out together for Mortlach, on the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway, where we arrived on the 7th. After crossing Notukeu creek at the French settlement, on a bridge recently constructed, there is a good trail; we followed north along Wood river for some distance and then turned north on a trail leading through the hills. Here we passed several settlers who are interested in cattle rais- ing. There is good pasture and also good springs, and it is therefore well adapted for cattle raising, hay also being plentiful. When we reached the northerly edge of the hills a very fine view presented itself, a flat extending up to Mortlach dotted with homesteads and stubble fields, over which thousands of wild geese were hovering. Descending into the valley, and passing the stubble fields, flocks of geese arose, alight- ing again in some more distant fields. At Mortlach I had the horses shod, and then moved on to Chaplin, where I changed the Canadian Pacific railway water-right from the westerly half of the north half of section 29 to the easterly half, and also made a change in the survey of legal subdivision 11 of section 29. Having finished the work at Chaplin on the 14th we proceeded to Ernfold to lay out a townsite of that part of section 21, township 17, range 7, west of the third meridian, lying south of the Canadian Pacific railway right-of-way. From here, on the 16th, my assistant with cook and four men returned south to range 2, to examine townships 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, being an extension of Mr. Parson's contract (No. 17), which work was not ready for inspection when we left that vicinity on October 5. Completing the survey of Ernfold townsite, we started again for the south on the 21st, passing through another flourishing Mennonite settlement, and camping on their premises one night. Heavy fire had passed through here a few days before consuming nearly all the pas- ture. At this point, however, this settler had saved the pastures on two sections by very hard work. The next night we reached a ranch where there was any quantity of hay at our disposal. There were probably between four and five hundred tons, much of it the former season's bay. The following morning after crossing a bleak and black range of hills we reached the home ranch of the 'Turkey Track Brand,' where we were also entertained, and got accommodation for the horses. That even- ing we reached their hay camp, about twelve miles south. From here I inspected the four townships 11 and 12, in ranges 9 and 10. They are mostly undulating prairie 120 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 ■with sandy and clay loam soil. We completed our inspection here on the 26th, and left again for the 'Home ranch.' From here we went north across hill and dale and burnt prairie direct for the nearest point on the Canadian Pacific railway. We arrived at Herbert on the 28th, and thence followed the trail along the railway to Morse, a comparatively new town, with stores, hotel, livery stables, etc., etc. The whole party on the 30th went north again from Chaplin, for township 24, range 1, west of the third meridian. I took ithe train for Regina, thence to Craik, where two of my teams were to meet me. These arrived there on November 2. With three men I left Craik for Mr. Dennis' place on section 20, township 23, range 25, west of the second meridian. We passed through a small town, Aylsworth, on the Canadian Northern railroad, where there are two elevators, and there were probably over fifty teams waiting to turn their wheat into these. I have already reported to you on my work on the east boundary of town- ship 23, range 26. We finished this work and returned to Craik on November 7. reaching the main camp on section 9, township 24, range 2, on the following day. From here we completed the resurvey of this township and of the adjoining one, township 23, range 2. The former township is well settled, except those homestead sections bordering on the west boundary of the townships where the land is very sandy and bushy. On November 15 being in Craik, I received your instructions to inspect D.L.S. Waldron's contract (No. 25) of 1907, and on the 19th started four men with part of .the outfit for Gull Lake, where I with my assistant, would overtake them by rail. We, in the meantime, completed resurvey of township as indicated above. We overtook the outfit at Gull Lake on the Canadian Pacific railway on the 26th but owing to the non-arrival of our camp outfit, we could not leave for our destination until the following afternoon. There are a number of settlers along the trail south to township 8. On section 36, township 8, range 20, west of the third meridian, there is located one French family recently arrived from France. There were seven in the family, and none of them could speak a word of English. South of these no settlers were met with. We camped that night on a lake at the southeast corner of section 2, township 8, range 20, the only water then in sight from this camp. We inspected townships 8, ranges 19 and 20 and the following day moved camp east to section 14 township 8, range 18 on a fine little creek, where a patch of probably one hundred acres had escaped the fire. From here I examined several sections in townships 8, ranges 17 and 18. There being no feed for the horses I did not proceed any farther east, but moved west to Steam's ranch on the south- west quarter of section 20, township 8, range 20. The westerly half of this township is somewhat rough, broken by creeks from the hills as is also township 8, range 21. There are a number of settlers ranching on a small scale, along the eastern slope of Cypress hills it being well adapted for cattle or horse raising. There is abundance of good water, good pasture, both at the base and on the top of the hills, and shelter in the ravines which are more or less timbered. The easterly halves of township 8, range 19, and township 8, range 20, are undulating, rolling prairie, and are well adapt- ed for mixed farming, the soil being sandy loam and black loam, in many places eighteen inches deep. Townships 8, ranges 17 and 18 are hilly and fairly well water- ed, the soil consisting of both black and sandy loam. We completed the inspection of this contract (No. 25 of 1907) on December 4 and the next morning started on our return to Gull Lake. The trail was good both going and coming; but at the crossing of Swiftcurrent creek there are bound to be difficulties at that time of the year. The stream there is not more than about two rods wide. It was frozen over and the ice in midstream was covered with a foot of water. The troublesome part was getting the horses, whose shoes had worn smooth, across the ice. After that we could mani- pulate the wagons with ropes and long chains. *We arrived at Gull Lake the same evening. I may mention here that although! the station on the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway is named Gull Lake, the lake itself is a few miles to the TOPOGRAPHICAL SURTEYS BRANCH 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b south. I may here also mention that while on our way to the railway on December 5 we saw two men on mowers cutting hay. It was a very fine day so that it did not appear so much out of season. From here I took train for Swiftcurrent station where I was obliged to remain for the night, and thence to Chaplin, where I awaited the arrival of my outfit which got there on December 8. Some of my men were paid off, an'd on the following day with only a small party I started by train for Weyburn, where we arrived late on the evening of the 10th. Here I hired a conveyance, and we drove out to the southwest quarter of section 34, township 6, range 14 west of the second meridian, where we camped in a vacant house. Here I retraced the east boundaries of sections 28 and 38, and in measuring north from the northeast corner of section 21, I found the error in the first mile. We returned to Moosejaw and Chaplin on the 13th, where I found your telegram instructing me to return south to re-examine contract No. 10 of 1906. Up to the pres- sent the weather had been fine, and what little snow had fallen had disappeared again, so I had no hesitation in going south with wagons. My outfit left Chaplin on the 14th, and after having the horses sharp-shod at Moosejaw, I left there on December 17 by the Willowbunch trail, with three teams and five men. Proceeding south, the snow became deeper, and travelling heavier. At the head of ' Lake of the Rivers ' we took to the ice and travelled along the lake for about twelve or fourteen miles, reach- ing Bickner's on the northeast quarter of section 1, in township 8, range 28. There I re-examined four townships. We then drove west along the alkali flat south of ' Lake of the Rivers,' which was impassable during the summer, to section 24, town-, ship 8, range 30, there being about a foot of snow, and no feed for the horses, I stabled them at Mr. Lee's on section 18, township 8, range 29, as he had a good supply of hay. From here we moved to township 7, range 30, where we arrived on Christ- mas day. There we completed the re-examination of this contract. Although there are not many settlers in these townships just now, yet most of the sections available for homesteads are entered for and many small shacks were erected during the sum- mer, which probably will be occupied by next spring. Another reason why an im- petus will be given to the early and rapid settlement of these townships is the fact of the proposed railway between Weyburn and Lethbridge having been located .all along township 8, nearly as far as the eastern slope of Cypress hills, where the line diverges to the south. I would have gladly re-examined part of contract No. 13, but for the difficulties of moving about with wagons in the snow and the scarcity of fuel. I have examined five contracts, comprising seventy-two townships and have re- ported on sixty-nine of the same, besides which I made a restoration survey of three townships, surveyed two townsites on the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway and made some minor correction surveys. In order to reach these various places, the distance travelled by my outfit was about 2,200 miles, which does not include the mileage from the various camps to work and return, day by day. I finally returned to Moosejaw on December 30, stored part of my oufit there, and sent the horses with the remaining part to Chaplin, thence taking the horses to a homestead in township 21, range 5, west of the third meridian, where one of my men had made preparations to receive and winter them. After paying off the last of my men I arrived home in Toronto, on January 10. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, C. F. MILES, D.L.S. 122 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 30. REPORT OF W. F. OHARA, D.L.S. SURVEYS DT SOUTHERN ALBERTA. Ottawa. Ont., January 1, 1908. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I Lave the honour to submit the following general report upon my work for the season of 1907 : — I left Ottawa in April for Pincher creek, Alberta, where I organized a party. My work generally was greatly retarded by incessant storms and heavy rains. The roads were almost impassable from the town to the foothills of the Rocky mountains where my work was. It was necessary to resort to the use of pulley, block and tackle, using great mechanical power, to move my outfit in many places. The work consisted of the production of the second base line across ranges one and two, west of the fifth meridian, and the subdivision of the adjoining townships. The country generally in this region is very rough and mountainous, there being very little land suitable for agriculture. The chief industries consist of lumberine. mining and drilling for both gas and oil. There is evidence of an oil field on the east slope of the Rockies containing an area of about 1,800 square miles. Already several companies, which have been operating there, have met with much encouragement, but it may require several years to properly develop the industry. Their progress will be watched with great interest, because I understand from tests which have been made that the petroleum found is of the highest grade. It will be necessary to drill at least 3,000 feet, before large supplies can be obtained. If the early operators meet with anything approaching the success they have reason to expect, there will be a rush of speculators into that part which will greatly boom southwestern Alberta and the production of high grade petroleum may become one of the chief industries of the province. Coal also exists in large quantities but the fields have not yet been developed to any extent in that part of the country, although small quantities are being mined for local use. Townships 4, ranges 2, 3 and 4, west of the fifth meridian consist almost en- tirely of lofty and rugged mountains, and great difficulty will be experienced in sub- dividing them. The townships are included in the petroleum field. Oil-rock out- croppings were observed on Southfork river, Gladson and Mill creeks, and no doubt this evidence will be followed later on by sinking wells in likely places on these streams, in the above mentioned townships, which are now in unsurvpyed territory. It will be scarcely possible to follow the provisions of the 'Manual of Survey' here. In the first place. Toad allowances surveyed in the regular way, are useless. This applies to large parts of townships 5. ranges 2 and 3. where a system of reserving1 about two and one-half per cent of the land for roads would be much more suitable for the locality. The best method of surveying the townships above mentioned, would be to lay out roads in the valleys following the best natural grades. The lines should be well opened out, carefully traversed and measured, planting hubs or posts TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b at every deflection. These then could be used as base lines, in conjunction with a system of triangulation for the purpose of determining distances throughout the town- ships. Owing to the broken and mountainous character of the country, it will be found a physical impossibility to chain the lines of the sub-division work, although they can all be transited. The work generally would be within the sphere of a tope- graphical survey rather than treated and surveyed under the third system of survey. The work of surveying roads where they can be travelled seems to be left to the local government.and in the meantime there is no end of trouble among the settlers, who close up wagon trails which pass through their respective farms, and which have been broken in best places and travelled for some years. The public, therefore, under these arrangements are obliged to turn into some swamp or ravine, where they find great difficulty in travelling. Whereas if a settler or homesteader obtained a title to only 97i per cent of the area within his quarter section limits the rest being re- served for a highway, he would have no voice in the matter if his land happened to be situated in a valley through which the public had established a highway. Hay, oats and hardy vegetables can be successfully grown in the valleys where the soil consists of a rich black loam and clay, but at prefent the crops are rather Tisky. After a large area is opened and broken, the climate is likely to become mora moderate and wheat can then be more successfully grown. But at present summer frosts injure all tender crops. Agriculturists will therefore do better by confining their attention to the more hardy crops for a few years, before going extensively into wheat growing. The hog and dairy industries are greatly neglected in southern Alberta. Both pork and butter are selling too high every year. Vegetables are also in great demand, large quantities of which are shipped there in cans, and no person seems to supply the demand. Prices of potatoes, carrots,, onions, cauliflower, cabbage, turnips, parsnips and celery are three or four times higher than those in Ontario, and all these vegetables will do well in southern Alberta. Nearly every settler who takes up land grows hay and oats, and raises a few cattle or horses, never thinking of how well a crop of celery or cauliflower would sell; whereas if farmers properly farmed or gardened a smaller area as they do in Ontario, there would be much more prosperity in the coun- try, in the event of a crop failure, than at present when everyone is depending upon the success of one crop. The season was unusually wet during the summer which greatly retarded our progress. The bad weather culminated with the most severe storm of snow I ever experienced. We were camping in township 5, range 2, at an altitude of 6,000 feet during the storm, which began on the morning of the 10th of September, and lasted until the evening of the 13th. During the night of the 10th the greatest precipita- tion occurred, there being about two and one-half feet of snow in the morning of the 11th. After the storm subsided the depth of snow averaged from three and one-half to five feet. The wind was from northeast and the barometer was unusually high. On the night of the 10th the storm was accompanied by flashes of lightning which occurred at remarkably equal intervals of about fifteen seconds, and judging from the time elasping between the flashes and the thunder, the electrical disturbance must have been about two miles away. I made a great many inquiries and no one in the neighbourhood experienced a flash any closer. Therefore the storm must have been at an altitude of about 16,500 feet, which accounts for the extreme height of the barometer. Were it not that the atmospheric pressure was so great clouds could not have been supported at so great a height. The great depth of the snow falling in so ' short a time is also evidence that a strata of the atmosphere of very unusual thick- ness was discharging moisture. The crops of wheat and oats which were very late and remained uncut were com- pletely buried. Not a head could be seen and it looked at one time like a total loss. 124 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 However, after a few days 'the snow melted and some ingenious men came to the rescue by devising some specially long lifters, attachments placed in front of the (knives of the binders and mowers, which lifted the straw, so that the crops could be cut. The final outcome of the agricultural pursuits were on the whole satisfactory, on account of the prevailing high prices, due to crop damage in other parts of the world. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, W. F. O'HARA, D.L.S. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 125 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 31 REPORT OF W. R. REILLY, D.L.S. RETRACEMENT AND RESTORATION SURVEYS IN NORTHERN SASKATCHEWAN. Regina, February 25, 1907. E. Deville, Esq., L.L.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following general report concerning my operations in the field from August 5 to December 9, 1907, pursuant to your instruc- tions of July 15 and subsequent dates: — Your instructions were to organize at Saskatoon and apply to R. H. Hall, Esq.. manager, Hudson's Bay Company, Prince Albert, for surveyor Wallace's horses. I (Communicated with Mr. Hall at once and received a reply. I left Regina on August 5 and expected the horses would be in Saskatoon by *the time I arrived there. Owing to the fact that a letter to Mr. Campbell who had care of the horses was addressed to the wrong post office the horses were not delivered /to me until the 8th. In the meantime I had everything in readiness except the rigs. I experienced some difficulty in procuring a cook. I was at a disadvantage in procuring this help, as both the Canadian Pacific railway and the Grand Trunk Pacific railway were paying much higher wages for the same work on their construc- tion survey parties than my instructions allowed. On the arrival of 'the five horses, which turned out to be small ponies not in the best condition, I purchased another pony, the only one available at a reasonable figure, and three democrats. To have purchased lumber wagons would have been a great mistake, as a wagon alone would have been load enough for these small ponies. When working on contract work I used democrats. I found that I could trans- port with ease loads that I could not have handled on wagons with the same horses. These ponies had been used to packing and required breaking in to harness. I started them out with light loads and soon had them going all right. We left Saskatoon on August 9 to mound townships 41 and 42, range 27, west of the second meridian. We crossed the river at Saskatoon and proceeded by trail north- easterly to Aberdeen on the Canadian Northern, along the railway to iVonda and northeasterly from Vonda into township 41, range 27, which was mounded first, then into township 42, range 27. The trail from Saskatoon passes through a good country for grain growing and mixed farming. Some very fine growing wheat and oat crops were seen along the route. The best were within a short radius of Aberdeen and Vonda. Like the majority of crops in the province they were damaged by frost later on. The mounding in township 41, range 27, was completed on the 20th and in town- ship 42, range 27, on August 26. These townships are similar in character. The surface is rolling to hilly with numerous sloughs and small lakes "and is more or less dotted or covered with poplar bluffs and willow brush. The soil is mostly a good sand loam. Some homesteads are very much broken by lakes and hills. A large majority of the homesteads are settled on by Galicians. These people are farming bo as to produce the most of their living direct from the farm. They started with small means and are gradually making comfortable homes for themselves accord- 126 DEPARTMEXT OF THE 1XTERWR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 ing to their way of living. Scarcely any of the odd sections are settled on and these people are not likely to purchase odd sections for some time. After completing the work in this district on August 27, we started for township 34, range 6, west of the third meridian, to complete the survey and mounding of that township. The trip as far as Saskatoon was made over the same trail we came up on over two weeks previous. The change in the crops in that short time was remark- able. They bid fair to produce a good yield but were frosted later on. The weather during the growing season was ideal. The damage by frost was not on account of an early autumn, but rather attributable to the very late season. In ordinary seasons grain would have been cut at the time of the most damaging frosts. Wheat sown very late is almost certain to be frosted in any season. The lines surveyed during the season were nearly all retracements and we ran random lines, being the most practical and expeditious way of carrying on the work. We arrived in township 34, range 6, on August 29. We completed the lines and mounds on the east side of the river, then moved to the west side crossing the river at Saskatoon. On September 12 it snowed to the depth of two inches during the night; this made it disagreeable for a couple of days, after which we had ideal weather. South Saskatchewan river runs northerly through this township from section 2 to section 33. There is a very wide valley or river flats skirted on the west by a range of hills through the centre of sections 5 to 32, on the east by hills northwesterly from section 1 to 27, and northeasterly through section 35. A large portion of the land in the flats is good farming land, while that on the hills is light sand, fit only for grazing. I completed the survey and mounding of this township on September 18, and started on the following day for township 38, range 13, to make a retracement in that township according to instructions dated July 27. From township 34 I took the direct trail from Saskatoon to Asquith on the Can- adian Pacific railway and northwesterly from there until I struck the old Hudson'3 Bay company's trail which runs through township 38, range 13. I finished the retracement on September 24; a sketch and report of the work was sent in later. I started the next day for township 51, range 27. We were in the north part of township 38, range 13, which was pretty rough. I experienced some difficulty in getting west to strike the north trail, the most direct route to Battleford. I passed through Battleford, where I procured some necessary supplies. After making some inquiry I purposed taking the old Hudson's Bay company's trail to Fort Pitt, the most direct route to the work. At present the trail for a long way out of Battleford is destroyed or fenced in and I had to take a trail leading from one station to another on the Canadian Northern railway until after I had passed Paynton, where I crossed country and got on the Pitt trail which is very little used now. I arrived in township 51, range 27, on September 3. I went up this trail to the same township in 1884. Apart from settlement the general features of the country have not changed much since that time. Fire has destroyed many bluffs, and while others have grown up they are not so heavy. The most noticeable feature is the change in water areas. In 1884 all sloughs, ponds, lakes and creeks seemed to be at high water mark. These are now much lower and some have entirely disappeared. In accordance with instructions dated August 8, I made a retracement and res- toration survey of the outlines, interior meridians and crosslines of townships 51 and 52, range 27, and of township 53, range 27, with the exception of the west and north outlines, which were retraced by G. J. Lonergan, D.L.S., in 1906. , Township 51 is cut by Big Gully creek. The surface is from rolling to hilly. It has many small sloughs and lakes and numerous bluffs of poplar scattered all over the township. Township 52 is very similar to 51 but not quite so rough. These town- ships contain a good deal of fair farming land and a number of settlers have taken up TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 127 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b homesteads and are doing fairly well. This district is not a grain district but rather a mixed farming or cattle country. A large part of township 53 is rough and hilly. It is cut by Saskatchewan river from section 19 to section 1. All south of the river is hilly and north of the river rolling to hilly. Sloughs and lakes are scattered all over the township with scattered bluffs of poplar south of the river, and large stretches of spruce, tamarack and poplar north. According to instructions dated September 4, a portion of two lakes, one in sec- tion 1, the other in sections 12 and 13, township 52, range 1, west of the fourth meridian were traversed and fractional townships 54, ranges 27 and 28 west of the third meridian subdivided. This survey which completed all our work in this dis- trict was finished on November 28. On the following day I started for Lloydmins,ter. On the way in I made ar- rangements with Mr. Chas. Hayes, section 20, township 51, range 27 for the storing of the transport goods and the wintering of the horses. On arriving at Lloydminster four of the men wished to go to Edmonton ; these I paid off. The other six I took to Saskatoon by rail. Two of them were paid off on arrival. Instructions dated October 26 were to revisit township 38, range 13, west of the third meridian for further retracements. The intention was to go by rail to Asquith and hire a rig there for a trip to the township. As the Canadian Pacific railway had not started their train service I hired a first-class team at a low rate from Saskatoon, took three men and a cook with me, made the trip, did the work and returned to Saskatoon on December 8. I paid off the men on the following day. The weather was exceptionally fine during the season's work (from August 5 to December 9), which took me over a district of 175 miles east and west, 125 miles north and south, in the heart of the fertile belt of northern Saskatchewan. A flurry of snow on September 12 was the only snowfall until December 7. Saskatchewan river did not freeze over for safe crossing until November 25. Looking back over a period of twenty-five years, it is safe to say we never had a season when stock (especially horses and cattle) would not do well on the open run. On the other hand we have had many failures of grain crops. To raise wheat for market seems to be the all absorbing ambition of the majority of farmers. Large tracts of open plains are well adapted for exclusive grain growing, but this class of farming is more or less an uncertainty as either frost, hail, hot winds or drouth have time and again spoiled the promise of a good harvest. On the other hand stock raising and mixed farming is to a large extent free from these damaging elements, and present a surety of success which exclusive grain raising does not warrant. I have the honour, &c, WM. K. EEILLY, D.L.S. 128 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 32. KEPOKT OF GEO. ROSS, D.L.S. SURVEY OF A PART OF THE FOURTEENTH BASE LINE BETWEEN THE FIFTH AND SIXTH MERIDIANS. Welland, Ont., March 6, 1908. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report on the survey of the fourteenth base line westerly from the east boundary of range 13, west of the fifth meridian, to the sixth meridian. In accordance with the suggestion made by you in a letter dated January 12, 1907, that it would be advisable for me to make a preliminary trip to Edmonton, in order to arrange for the forwarding of supplies to a suitable depot, towards the western end of the line to be run by me, as they could be freighted much easier and cheaper by sleighs in winter, than by packhorses, over soft trails in summer and in order aiso to purchase packhorses, as these animals would in all probability be hard to procure during the following spring, I left Welland, on January 31, 1907, for Edmonton While there I purchased the greater portion of the supplies required by me during the following season, and arranged to have them forwarded to Big Eddy on McLeod river, and I also arranged for the purchase of twenty packhorses. I returned home to Welland on February 25. On May 27, I again left for Edmonton, and arrived there on the 31st of that month I organized my party in that city, purchased the balance of my outfit and supplies and took the trail for Lac Ste. Anne on June 10, where we arrived on the evening of the 13th. From Edmonton to Lac Ste. Anne there is a fair wagon road, and I engaged a freighter to assist us by taking two wagon loads as far as Lac Ste. Anne, from which point we proceeded west with the aid of our packhorses alone, leaving at Lac Ste. Anne, to be forwarded to us, in about ten days, such portion of the outfit and supplies as could not be taken along without overloading the horses. On the night of June 12 and during the greater portion of June 13 and 14 there was n heavy and steady rain, and the trail was becoming wet and sloppy. About noon on June 15 we left Lac Ste Anne by the Yellowhead Pass trail and arrived at the crossing of Pembina river on the evening of the 18th, and found it to be in flood and not fordable. I had left the folding canvas boat with which I had been supplied behind at Lac Ste. Anne, but fortunately Mr. A. H. Hawkins, D.L.S. , who was on his way out to continue the extension of the thirteenth base line, was camped on the other side of the river and he very kindly placed his boat at our disposal. We were thus enabled to get part of our outfit and supplies across the river that evening and succeeded in getting the balance over by nine o'clock next morning. Having the horses all loaded shortly before noon, we again proceeded west and arrived at the ford on Lobstick river tha^t evening during a heavy rain. The Yellowhead Pass trail is open as a wagon road from Lac Ste. Anne to a point about two miles beyond the crossing of Lobstick river, near the west side of range 8, and the land traversed by this portion of the trail is mainly high and rolling. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b covered wi'th poplar woods and intermingling stretches of partially open prairie, on which there is a good growth of grass and some scrub. On these open stretches are to be seen the houses and outbuildings of new settlers, and apparently this country will become the home of a thriving and prosperous community at an early date. On June 20, after the packs were loaded on the horses, we forded the Lobstick, and proceeding westerly about two miles came to the point where the wagon road dwindles down to a mere pack trail or bridle path, winding through the woods, and marked by an occasional blazed tree. About six miles farther on the trail crosses tamarack swamps and stretches of it are very soft and sloppy. A rainstorm began •at 4 p.m. and at 5.30 we camped on an open piece of high ground after crossing a swamp, in which there was good pasture for the horses. The next day we remained in camp owing to the heavy steady rain which continued till evening. The following day proved to be very fine and we continued our journey westerly; the trail passes through the southern part of township 53, range 10, west of the fifth meridian, and was in very good condition in spite of the recent rainy weather; the country traversed was wooded with poplar or mixed poplar and spruce. Several small creeks were crossed where care had to be taken in order to prevent the pack horses from getting mired. In range 11 the trail was in good condition except about two miles near the west side of the range. In range 12, which we crossed on June 25, the trail winds through woods of spruce and poplar mixed with jackpine and brule, and about thirty per cent of it is through soft, boggy, swampy lands. In this range also several creeks Were crossed, some of which were quite miry. On June 26 I commenced work by retracing the north boundary of section 31, township 52, range 12, and began the extension of the fourteenth base line across range 13, by turning off the line from the north boundary of section 31. It was cloudy in the evening and I was unable to take an observation for azimuth, and next day continued the production of the line, till a heavy rain set in early in the after- noon. During June 28, 29 and 30 this rain continued with but little interruption and caused abnormally high water in the creeks and streams. On July 1 we were able to proceed with the production of the base line along the north boundary of township 52, range 13, and on the evening of July 2 I obtained my first observation on Polaris. Next day we corrected the portion of the line pre- viously run and continued it on its true bearing. Yellowhead Pass trail runs through range 13, about three-quarters of a mile north of the fourteenth base line and we were able to camp along this trail and avoid the necessity of cutting a trail for our own use. Although the country about half a mile north of our own line was fairly light brule, the line had to be opened through com- paratively heavy woods and consequently our progress was rather slow, but we reached Carrot creek near the west side of range 13 on July 9, the camp having been moved along the trail to this creek the previous day. On the evening of the 9th a pack train came in with a load of the supplies we had left behind at Lac Ste. Anne, and also brought up our folding canvas boat, which the packer in charge of the train found to be of the greatest value in crossing Pembina river and some of the larger creeks ■which were very much swollen by the recent heavy rains and were not fordable. On July 12 one of my men, while carrying an axe, spade and mattock, slipped off a log and fell on the point of the mattock, which penetrated his back above the hip and rendered him unable to resume work on the line for about six weeks. Being thus short-handed, and the line continuing in heavy timber, I was unable to attend to the work of exploring the country, as required by my instructions. In ranges 13 and 14 and the east half of range 15, a distance of fifteen miles, 'we did not run across a swamp of any size, and the first one met with was on July 24. when the line entered a tamarack swamp, occupying the southwest part of section 4 and the southeast part of section 5, township 53, range 15. On the following day 25b— 9 130 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 the line crossed the Yellowhead Pass trail, and for the first time entered compara- tively open brule. Intermingled with the brule were areas of low wooded land with medium sized spruce, together with many spruce and tamarack swamps. We reached Wolfe creek with our line and moved camp there, on July 25, finding in the valley of that creek, along the trail a fine open hay meadow dotted in places with patches of scrub and groves of poplar. The pasture found in the valley of Wolfe creek, was superior to any we had yet come across, since leaving Lac Ste. Anne, al- though we had found fairly good feed for the horses at all our camping grounds along the trail. In the comparatively open brule we found a crop of fine large strawberries. On August 2 we reached Moose creek, in the eastern part of range 17, with our line, the camp having been moved there on July 30. By the end of July we had com- pleted in all twenty-two miles of the base line, the greater part of which was opened through heavy timber. During the months of June and July, a great amount of rain had fallen and the trail was almost in an impassable condition, however it was not till the latter part of July that our supplies needed replenishing, when we had no difficulties in bringing in all we required, from our depot at Big Eddy, which proved to be very centrally located. Between Wolfe creek and Moose creek our line ran through a great many swamps, but the trail kept mainly along the ridges or higher lands, though in passing from one ridge to another, many low swampy and boggy places were crossed by it. The worst of these boggy places on the trail have been corduroyed but the greater portion of the corduroy is now in a bad state of repair. Our first crossing of McLeod river with the line was made at the northeast corner of section 34, township 52, range 17, west of the fifth meridian on August 3, and camp was moved over on the 5th when the horses loaded with their usual packs were able to ford the river in safety. We reached the second crossing of McLeod river with the line in section 35, township 52, range 18 on August 8, and that day our camp was moved to Big Eddy, where our supplies had been stored the previous winter with Mr. B. Berthoux, the general merchant there. A short distance east of Big»Eddy Mr. A. Sinclair, a squatter, had erected a good loghouse and barn in the flats on the north side of McLeod river, and had also a very fine garden. We continued our line and on August 13 moved camp from Big Eddy about three miles up Sundance creek, still using the Yellowhead Pass trail. On the 15th camp was moved to the crossing at Sundance creek, where there was good pasture for the horses and on the following day we continued our line and also moved camp to Whitemud, where there is a good open hay meadow and a fine stream of pure water. During the night of August 16 there was a heavy downpour of rain and the following day we were detained in camp by a steady fall of wet snow, sometimes turn- ing to rain, which continued till about ten o'colck in the forenoon of the 18th; how- ever, the snow melted as it fell and after the storm was over the weather turned fine and bright. Previous to this storm the rainfall had been rather excessive but now the weather turned drier. At Whitemud we were again in the valley of McLeod river, but from this place to Big Eddy the river makes a big loop to the south, away from the base line, while west of Whitemud to The Leavings, a distance of ten or twelve miles, the river runs nearly parallel with and only a short distance south of the base line. We moved camp to The Leavings on August 30 and on the following day com- pleted the survey of the base line to the west side of range 21, a distance of fifty- four miles in all, our record for August being 32 miles. At The Leavings there is a fine open hay meadow about forty chains long and thirty chains wide, where we found excellent feed for our horses. At this place the Yellowhead Pass trail leaves the valley of McLeod river and continues westerly to Athabaska river, approaching it at Sandstone creek, while another loop of this trail TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 131 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b turns northwesterly from The Leavings and crosses to the north side of the base line about the centre of range 22 and after continuing northwesterly for some distance turns southwesterly and crosses the base line about the centre of the north boundary of section 34, township 52, range 23, and in our survey of the base line from the east boundary of range 13 we were able to use the old trail and camp alongside of it with- out the necessity of making any new trails till we crossed it for the last time near the centre of range 23. On September 2, we moved camp from The Leavings by the northerly loop of the trail to a point on the high ridge or divide between McLeod and Athabaska rivers, which was about half a mile south of the base line. On this divide, feed for the horses is so scarce, that they had to be taken back and pastured at The Leavings. About 10 o'clock on the night of September 9 a heavy snow storm set in, and con- tinued till the morning of the 11th, when the ground was covered with snow to a depth of five inches. The weather continued cold during the 11th and the snow did not begin to thaw until the afternoon of the 12th. During the 13th there was a drizzling rain the greater part of the day, and on the 14th, 15th and forenoon of the 16th there was a continuous storm of wet snow. After this storm the weather turned milder and in two or three days the snow was all gone and the temperature ranged about sixty degrees Fahrenheit through the day until the middle of October, during which time no rain fell except for one-half day. We left Tellowhead Pass trail, after crossing it for the last time with the base line about a mile and a quarter east of Athabaska river, and from this point it was necessary for us to make a new trail for our own use, while we continued westerly in the vicinity of the base line until we struck the Smoky river trail in the westerly part of range 26. On September 23 we moved camp across Athabaska river. Here our folding canvas boat proved to be most useful, as by its aid, we were able to move our outfit and the supplies we had on hand across the river, in a very short time. Before swim- ming the horses across, I had the packer bring up the balance of the supplies from our depot at Big Eddy, except a small quantity left for our return journey. Fot the safe keeping of our supplies and outfit, that were not required for immediate use, I had a log hut or storehouse built on the westerly side of the river, and in order to take care of some additional supplies which would be required during the latter part of the season, together with oats for the horses, I had also a small log house or shack built on the easterly side of the river, so that the goods could be placed in this store- house and left in safety, at any time, by anyone bringing them up. I had previously ordered the supplies likely to be required and oats for the horses, and had given instructions that they should be forwarded from Lac Ste. Anne, as early as possible. Owing to unusual frosts, the oat crop was a partial failure and slow to ripen, thus delaying the threshing season, and it was therefore very late in the fall before a sup- ply of oats could be secured and forwarded. Owing to the late date at which oats could be obtained and shipped, the charges for freighting them up by pack-train, were much higher than they would have been earlier in the season. To avoid the extra charge for packing, I asked that old oats be obtained and forwarded but it was found impossible to secure old oats as they were being saved for seed, because the germinating power of last season's crop had been injured by frost. In continuing our line westerly from Athabaska river it was necessary to take with us supplies for about ten days or two weeks only, as the packer could readily make a trip back to our storehouse on the westerly side of the river when further supplies were required, and while there he could, with the aid of our canvas boat, easily cross the river to look after any supplies or mail that might have been brought up and left at the cache on the easterly side. On the westerly side of the river, in the vicinity of the base line, there was, for- tunately, a large area on which we found fine feed for the horses. We still had the 25b— 91 132 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 original number of horses with which we had set out from Edmonton, nearly all of them being in very fine condition. On the high ridge or divide between McLeod and Athabaska rivers our line had to. be opened out through several miles of heavy spruce and jackpine woods, and also through brule with dry standing spruce and jackpine trees from six to twenty-two inches in diameter. Through this our progress was rather slow, but after crossing the Athabaska the land was more open, mainly light brule with second growth poplar and small scattered areas of spruce, through which the line was opened out quite rapidly. After getting over about seven miles of this comparatively open country, we again ran into a stretch of very heavy woodland on the high plateau in range 25, and the western part of range 24, making our progress again rather slow. On November 11 we completed all work to be done as far as the easterly side of Whitefish lake, which is crossed by the base line in the westerly part of range 26. On the following day we moved camp to the west side of the lake. The easterly bank of the valley of Whitefish lake rises to the height of about a thousand feet above it, and along this bank is a cliff formed by an outcrop of sand- stone, about one hundred and twenty-five feet high. It was necessary for us to make a detour around the south end of this lake in order to reach the Smoky river trail, which runs northwesterly from Prairie creek to Smoky river and passes along the southerly end of the westerly side of Whitefish lake. We struck this trail where it crosses the creek running northerly into the southerly end of this lake, being at a point about two miles south of the lake. We were then able to proceed northerly by the Smoky river trail to the point where it turned northwesterly away from the lake and thence northerly by an old trail running near the westerly side of the lake, to a point a short distance north of the base line, where we found a good camping ground by the lake and close to a good hay meadow in which there was splendid feed for the horses. When I got around to the west side of the lake, I had the pleasure of meeting Mr. A. Saint Cyr, D.L.S., who was engaged on the survey of the sixth meridian as far south as the fourteenth base. It was his intention to run south from this base line along the east boundary of range 27 instead of producing the sixth meridian farther. On November 13, we continued our line west from Whitefish lake. The distance across this lake not having been previously measured, the chainmen were now able to measure it on the ice, the lake being covered (except the deep central portion of it south of the line) by a sheet of perfectly smooth and clear ice, somewhat over an inch in thickness. Great numbers of whitefish, jackfish, etc., could be seen swimming around in the water beneath the ice. West of the lake the country was comparatively open for the distance of about a mile; then our line entered a thick wood of small sized spruce, through which it passed for the further distance of about a mile, and entered a brule, which with a few scattered areas of spruce and jackpine, extended to the sixth meridian. About two miles east of the sixth meridian we crossed Hay river, a beautiful stream of pure water, about fifty or sixty feet wide and from two to five feet deep, running north- easterly, in a wide and deep valley, in which there are some good hay flats with ex- cellent pasture. From the westerly side of Whitefish lake we moved camp on November 18, to Hay river, going round by Smoky river trail. At this time the ground was free from snow, none having fallen since September 16, but the morning after camp was moved to Hay river, about three and a half inches of snow fell between 7 and 9 o'clock, and in the forenoon of November 22 there was a further fall of snow. In McLeod and Athabaska rivers there are great numbers of jackfish, graylings, whitefish and a large species of trout. In Hay river, in range 27, there are great TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 133 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b quantities of bull trout and Carrot creek in range 13 is teeming with speckled trout. Whitefish lake in range 26 abounds with whitefish, jackfish, trout, &c. In Whitefish lake there are also several families of beaver" as can be readily seen by the large amount of poplar freshly cut by them. Considerable numbers of bear, moose, and black-tailed deer are to be found in the above-named townships, and there are also a few wolves, foxes, mink, weasel, &c. Buffed grouse, or partridge are quite plentiful and a few prairie chicken were occasionally seen. The climate is very similar to that of Edmonton. The rainfall is abundant, and grain growing and gardening can apparently be carried on without injury from summer frosts. High or cold winds rarely prevail, and last season, when the wind attained any considerable velocity it appeared to be a warm ehinook. We completed the survey of the base line to the sixth meridian on November 26, and as it was so late in the season I decided to return home instead of going north to begin the work of extending the fifteenth base line, west from its present terminus in range 20, west of the fifth meridian. I began my return journey on the morning of November 27, and proceeding by the Smoky river trail I arrived with my party and outfit on the northwesterly side of Athabaska river, opposite Prairie creek, in the evening of the following day, and next day by the aid of a raft left there for my use by Mr. A. Saint Cyr, D.L.S., I crossed my outfit and supplies to the southeasterly side of the river. The river had begun to freeze over, the ice extending out from the sid^s with an open channel in the centre and a good deal of drift ice running, so that I was unable %o get my horse3 across, either on November 29 or 30. However, on the evening of the 30th the weather tinned milder and a considerable amount of rain fell during the night. Next morning I found the ice had loosened from the sides of the river and floated down, whi'e about a mile above Prairie creek there was an ice bridge which held back the drift ice from beyond. Taking advantage of this opportunity. I swam my horses across the river, at Prairie creek in safety on December 1 and the following day with my party took the Yellowhead Pass trail for Lac Ste. Anne. When at Prairie creek I engaged Isidore Findlay to assist me with twelve pack horses, while returning to Lac Ste. Anne, in order that I might be able to get over the trail more rapidly than I otherwise could and thus avoid °the necessity of making double trips. He was to join me at my cache on the Athabaska river at the four- teenth base line when I stopped to secure supplies, oats for the horses, &c, stored there for my return journey. I secured these supplies on December 4. but Mr. Findlay did not overtake me till some days after, and we arrived at Lac Ste. Anne on the evening of December 20. I started out from Edmonton on June 10 with twenty pack horses, and fortun- ately, after a season's hard and faithful service, I was able to take them back to Lac Ste. Anne fit for work, strong, and in good condition, and in justice to my packer, Mr. Thomas J. Thompson, I must add that he deserves a large amount of credit for his faithful services and untiring exertions in always looking after the horses, day or night, in seeing that they got the best possible pasture and did not stray away. By his care in loading and packing the animals, they were kept free from the usual trouble of sore backs, and he was able to look after them, and have them on hand when required, without using hobbles, or tethering ropes. On December 21, I completed arrangements with Mr. Gunn, chief officer of the Hudson's Bay company at Lac Ste. Anne, to store the outfit and winter the horses belonging to my party and in company with Mr. A. Saint Cyr, D.L.S., who was also returning with his party, engaged teams to take both parties to Edmonton, where we arrived on the evening of December 23. 134 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 At Edmonton I paid off the men belonging to my party and after closing up all business requiring my attention there, I returned home to Welland, Ont., arriving there on December 31. 1907. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, GEO. ROSS, D.L.S. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b 135 APPENDIX No. 33. EEPORT OF JOS. E. ROSS, D.L.S. Surveys in the Railway Belt, Kamloops District, British Columbia. Kamloops, B.C., February 24, 1908. E. Deville, LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — In accordance with instructions I beg to submit the following report on my survey operations in the railway belt in British Columbia during the season of 1907:— Having instructions to make a traverse of Columbia river from a point on the Canadian Pacific railway to the north limit of the railway belt at the most suitable time during the winter, I proceeded to this work on January 17 before completing my returns of the previous season. On arriving at Beavermouth, the starting point, I found that, although there had been extremely cold weather, the river was partly open and the ice weak in places, and that there was considerable slush. The condi- tions indeed were not nearly so favourable as I had anticipated. There were frequent heavy snowfalls and this, together with the slush, not only made travelling difficult but also prevented us from moving our outfit on sleds or toboggans. We were com- pelled to resort to the primitive way of packing on our backs. In consequence some of the party quit in disgust. However, I secured more men without much trouble and continued the work. For several weeks our progress was slow, but on February ti a slight thaw set in, the snow settled, and, on again freezing, a crust formed which made travelling good and allowed us to walk on the weakest ice. From this until March 10, when I finished the work, the conditions could not have been more favour- able. Although the main object was to define the limit of the belt line I also planted witness corners at the intersections of all the east and west section lines with the river, which corners, in case of future surveys anywhere along the river, can be used as starting points. While the Columbia is winding and in places loops and islands have been formed as well as numerous back channels, the general direction is nearly northwest. At the railway the river averages five chains in width, but it gradually widens until at the head of Surprise rapids, near the boundary, it is about a quarter of a mile wide. The channel is navigable, having a depth of from six to ten feet. As the river forms the boundary between the Rockies and the Selkirks it is needless to say that the country is generally mountainous. There are several large flats along the river, one below ■the mouth of Beaver river and the others at the mouths of Gold and Bush creeks, which flow into the Columbia from opposite sides. So far as seen the middle of the flats is marshy. The timber is mostly spruce of from ten to twenty inches in diam- eter. On the high land the timber is fir. From the indications I would say that a (considerable part of the low land is flooded in the spring and during high water in the river. There is suitable land here for a few settlers, but I do not think there is any prospect of agricultural development until conditions become more favourable in regard to transportation facilities. Possibly as timbering operations proceed and in ponsequence roads are made and the timber partially cleared off all the available land will be taken up. 136 DEPARTMENT OF TBE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 On returning to Kamloops I finished all my returns of surveys to date, and on May 10 I commenced the general work of the season. In Salmon river and Spilli- macheen valleys, which are the most important centres of the district, small surveys had been accumulating for the last four years so I decided to confine my operations to these parts until the work was entirely completed. This occupied the greater part of the season. The greater portion of the farming land has been surveyed and taken up, but extensions are continually being made on the hills and outlying parts. In Salmon river valley the surveys were small and scattered and were at elevations of from a few hundred to four thousand feet. While the soil is fairly good the declivi- ties and broken surface of the country render much of it unfit for anything in the nature of farming except stock raising. The first land of any extent suitable for settlement I found in township 17, range 10, west of the sixth meridian, situated on a low mountain about five miles long by three miles in width and at an elevation of from five hundred to fifteen hundred feet above the surrounding valley. A part of the westerly side has been taken up by an Indian reserve and provincial lots. The top is thickly wooded with a rolling surface but the sides are mostly open with a steep slope. There is considerable araole land with fairly good soil, but the water is alka- line and scarce. There is a wagon road built by one of the settlers to the main road from the town of Armstrong, situated about four miles to the east on the Shuswap end Okanagan railway. In township 18, range 9, at an elevation of three hundred to four hundred feet above the main valley there is some land suitable for settlement. It has good water and the timber has been mostly all burnt off. There is at present a thick growth of brush. A good road leads to the town of Enderby three miles distant. Both this township and the one previously mentioned had been partly surveyed and I completed the surveys. There are also a few sections of fairly good land in township 19 of this range. Here the surface is rolling, the soil rather light but the water is good. This land lies about midway between Salmon Arm and Enderby. The main road con- necting these places runs through the middle of the survey. I completed the survey of the easterly half of this township. I next made some surveys along Shuswap river, consisting mainly of river traverse. The sections had been mostly run out on a former survey to establish the belt boundary at Mabel lake. Some four or five squatters have gone in here recently. Besides completing the surveys needed for them I surveyed all the land that would likely be taken up. The only land that appears suitable for settlement is in the quarter sections along the river, as farther back the land is hilly and heavily timbered. There is not sufficient timber on the lands squatted on to warrant it being included in a timber berth. 'The greatest drawback to settlement has been the want of a good road. We had to cut our way around the worst places. The lumber companies operating on Mabel lake had been hauling in supplies for several months and in consequence the road had been cut up in the worst possible way. The provincial Government has expended about $5,000.00 a year on this road for the last two years. Another season's work at the same rate should put it in good condition. The rest of the surveys were small and scattered. At 'Grande prairie' I spent several weeks making retracements and connections with provincial lots. As I was on the point of closing for the season I received instructions from you to make a number of connections between my last year's surveys and those of 1886 and 1887. I was engaged1 on a partial survey of these until the end of the year when I closed field operations. As to minerals I may say that the country covered by me has been well pro- spected as is shown by the numerous location posts and prospect holes found nearly everywhere. So far the prospects are not very promising. The only mineral in quantity noticed was a deposit of gypsum in township 18, range 12, west of the sixth meridian. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 137 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b Surveying the railway belt differs in some respects from the ordinary sub-divi- sion work. The country is more mountainous and broken. This is especially the case where the limit of the belt has to be defined. The sectional work is gradually becoming rougher since the main body of the agricultural lands is already surveyed. The lines have to be carried over ridges to the smaller valleys. The surveyor now is usually obliged to begin where the first surveyor considered it advisable to leave off. The starting point is often in some out of the way place at which it is incon- venient to take observations for azimuth or perhaps it is a witness corner put in at the foot of a steep rocky bluff. The extent of country covered is great, usually ex- tending from one hundred to two hundred miles along the railway and involving work in as many as thirty townships. Much time is also taken up in making con- nections with Indian reserves and provincial lots as well as retracements and closing of Dominion section lines. While making these connections especially when in open country, the chief is by far the hardest worked man on the party. If complete surveys of the best agricultural townships had been made at the outset it would have proved much more economical and satisfactory but this of course could not be foreseen. This plan could not now be adopted without putting on a large force of surveyors otherwise the work would fall behind and urgent cases could not receive attention. Your present plan of having a township, or part of one, completed when it doe6 not entail much extra labour is a move in the right direction and possibly the best that can be done under the circumstances. It will be seen from what has already been stated that the railway belt cannot accomodate any large influx of immigrants. The land seeker here, at present, needs to be to some extent a prospector also. If the land lies on a bench he must use his judgment and experience as to what crops can be grown successfully without irri- gating; possibly he may have to locate a road, and this also requires experience as quite often a roundabout way has to be taken to obtain a suitable grade; sometimes a switchback or loop has to be put in the road. If the land needs to be irrigated it will be necessary to investigate as to whether water can be obtained from a stream by damming or putting in a reservoir. As the bulk of the farming lands in this district have been surveyed for some years it was generally expected that the survey list would soon reach the vanishing point. This however does not appear to be the case. On the contrary the list of surveys needed is yearly growing larger. Lands that were once considered unfit for farming are now eagerly sought after and people are gradually settling in the more remote isolated parts. Much depends on irrigation. The provincial government have had this matter under consideration and it is expected that legislation will soon be passed which will have a beneficial effect on all future irrigation works. The climate is perhaps one of the greatest inducements to settlement in this district. • The setback in business which prevailed throughout the country during the latter part of the year was marked by the closing down of the lumber camps and a few of the mines, causing many labourers to be thrown out of work with a consequent fall in wages. It is expected that this will be only temporary and that the usual in- dustrial activity will be resumed in the spring. A descriptive account of the land in the townships surveyed is attached hereto. My assistant. Mr. Geo. H. McCallum gave complete satisfaction. I have the honoui; to be, Sir, Tour obedient servant, JOS. E. ROSS, D.L.S. 138 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 34. EEPOET OF A. SAINT-CYE, D.L.S. SURVEY OF THE SIXTH MERIDIAN BETWEEN THE THIRTEENTH AND SIXTEENTH BASE LINES. Ottawa, February 17, 1908 K. Deville, Esq. LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sut, — I have the honour to transmit to you the general report on my surveys dur- ing the past season. These consist of the survey of the sixth initial meridian in a continuous line from the sixteenth base line as far south as the northeast comer of township 52, and also in locating its position beyond the Bullrush mountains which rise over 8,000 feet above sea level. This last work was accomplished by surveying from the fourteenth base line the east outlines of township 52 and 51, range 27, west of the fifth meridian. Then from the temporary post left at the southeast corner of township 51, a traverse survey of eighteen miles was made around the eastern slope of the above mentioned mountains in order to define the position of the sixth meridian. This having been determined by calculations, the south half of the east boundary of section 1, township 49, range 1, west of the sixth meridian was surveyed south to the northeast corner of township 48. Here I planted an iron post and built a mound. This monument falls near the foot of the mountains west of Athabaska river and the pack trail between Jasper House and Big Smoky river crosses the line on which it is erected. As this line was well opened and blazed it will be an easy matter at any time to find this monument should it be required for future surveys. On receipt of your instructions I immediately set about completing the returns of my previous season's surveys in the Peace river country from which I had just returned, and when it was convenient I attended to the final arrangements of the coming survey such as making inquiries for a few more pack-animals to be deliv- ered to me at Edmonton, ordering a new camp outfit and having more supplies for- warded to Sturgeon lake which was to be my base of supplies for the first part of my work. I had previously been informed in Edmonton that some packers going to • big eddy ' on McLeod river had just returned to Lake St. Anne without reaching their destination, owing to the deep snow and scanty feed along the trail usually fol- lowed by the pack-trains, and that no one would undertake to freight in that direction till conditions should have improved. As a matter of fact part of my supplies which had been brought as far west as Lake Ste. Ann in February, were not delivered at ' Jocks house,' on Prairie creek, till the end of August. But in that district the con- ditions were such during the early summer that I presume such delays in transporta- tion could not have been entirely avoided. On the strength of the information re- ceived in Edmonton, I decided to reach the country where my surveys were by way of Lesser Slave lake and East Prairie river settlement, where my pack outfit was stored and where the ponies which I was to use again on my present work had win- tered. On March 28, 1 left Ottawa for Edmonton where I arrived five days later. Some time was spent here in hiring men and in trying to enlist the services of freighters willing to transport my party and outfit to Lesser Slave lake. This proved to be a TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 139 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b difficult task at the time because daily reports were being circulated in town by in- coming freighters from the lake, that the ice had already broken over the rapids of Athabaska river. Finally through the untiring efforts of Messrs. Revillon Bros., Mr. Remi Baert and his brother consented to undertake the journey and finally signed the contract, having beforehand provided against loss by possible accident by insuring their horses for the trip. On April 7 my party and the freighters left for the north with three heavily loaded sleds. In the meantime the ponies ordered had arrived. The pack-saddles etc., needed for these horses were soon ready, and on April 10 I started on my journey overtaking my party at Short's stopping place. Near St. Emile, where there is a homestead, the freighters found it impossible to travel any farther with sleds and had therefore transferred the loads to wagons, continuing their journey with an extra team of horses and an extra wagon loaded with three sets of sleds which would have to be used again between Athabaska Landing and Stony point, at the head of Lesser Slave lake. On April 12 we arrived at the Landing. The state of the ice on the Athabaska was far from inviting; so every precaution that experience could suggest was taken and two days later we reached without any serious mishap ' Dumont's place,' at the mouth of Lesser Slave river. Here were camped a party of colonists who were pre- vented for the present from proceeding any farther, on account of the unsafe con- dition of the ice on the river. They advised us not to attempt to travel any farther on the ice, greatly weakened by recent rains, so we took again the overland route cut by Mr. Selby's party and mine three years ago. As this road passes through the woods there was still at the time enough snow left on the ground to permit the use of the sleds. On April 17 we camped at the foot of Lesser Slave lake. One of my freighters who had not been well for some time became very sick, and wished to return home. However, I pursuaded his brother that it would be preferable for all concerned to use all possible diligence to reach the end of the lake where the invalid would have the services of Dr. West of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police and those of the Roman Catholic mission. So we left the next morning and three days later camped at Stony point, Mr. Baert, being removed to the hospital where for several weeks he was very ill with typhoid fever. At Stony point I found the narrows between Buffalo lake and Lesser Slave lake only partly free of ice and though the water is shallow at this point still the bottom of the lake is such as to make it dangerous if not impossible to cross with heavily loaded wagons. So I decided to go by way of the English mission, a rather long detour, but the only practicable road then. We left Stony point on April 26, and reached ' Jobin's place ' the same night. The next day we had to ford South Heart river which took considerable time as the water was very high. The scow which in previous years had done service as a ferry had been carried away by ice a short time before, so that in order to prevent our baggage or supplies from getting wet or spoiled they had to be placed on the top of the wagon boxes out of the reach of the water. This necessitated many trips across this stream. The next day we reached Frank Mirault's ranch. Here I was able to hire two more freighters with their teams to carry to Sturgeon lake my suppl'es. outfit and also grain for my pack ponies. The difficulties incidental to the trip between Edmonton and the head of Lesser Slave lake recur every spring. To travel this distance with any degree of certainty one must always provide two modes of transportation, i.e. he must have in his train both sleds and wagons to be interchanged as occasion requires it. These drawbacks may partly disappear in the future as the country becomes better settled, when casual help may possibly be obtained from the people living on the road. I have noticed 140 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 already quite an improvement in some matters along this route, stopping places, such as they are, have been built and more are being erected at convenient interme- diate points along the rivers, while in my previous travels over this northern country the top of the loads afforded us the only resting place for the night. Another source of inconvenience was that three yrars ago no hors^-feed of any description could be had along this route; consequently extra teams ha 1 to hnul suffi- cient bales of hay to last also for the return trip, a total distance of 300 miles. Now, hay can be procured at nearly all the stopping places. In regard to oats, it is still cheaper to carry a supply. If this is not done one may be compelled to buy them at Lesser Slave like where they cost one dollar per bushel. I have myself often had to give one dollnr ard fifty cents per bu-hel for oats and even pay this exorbitant price for large quantities. The treacherous condition of the ice on Lesser Slave river is a constant and unavoidable source of danger. Besides twenty miles of had rapids there are spots, such as, at the confluence of Saulteux river and Slave river, where the ice even dur- ing the coldest weather is honeycombed by air holes. Every winter valuable teams of horses are drowned and whole loads of supplies which cannot be duplicated are lost to the traders. Such mishaps occur too often and could only be prevented by the opening of an overland route between Ath;ibaska landing and the head of Lesser Slave lake, one hundred and fifty miles apart. On April 30, Mr. O. D. Hill delivered to me the government horses (16) and the pack outfit which I had left in his care two months before and I started for Sturgeon lake trading post on the winter road which passes by Snipe lake. On May 3 we came to Little Smoky river which had to be crossed on rafts; we continued our journey towards Sturgeon lake where we arrived on May 8. Here the freighters were paid off and preparations begun for our next trip to the starting point of my surveys. At Sturgeon lake trading post I was surprised to see the lake still frozen over and no signs of spring yet perceptible. None of the bustle always attending at this season the exchange of furs for the commodities required by the native trappers could be noticed at the fort, and I was told that owing to the severest winter ever experienced in this district the natives were unable to return for the trading season and the Hudson's Bay company people were preparing to send them relief. The fall of snow had been so great that all their ponies perished, the little feed which they obtained during the. winter months by pawing through the snow down to th3 grass being insufficient to keep them alive. One Indian, who had worked for me when I was surveying in that district dur- ing the winter 1904-5, had just returned to the post from his winter hunt by follow- ing the trail which I intended to take in going to my work. He informed me that Simonette river and Moose river had overflowed their banks and that in the forest the snow was still in many places several feet deep and that feed along the trail was scanty and poor as no new grass had yet started to grow. So I decided to hold my band of horses a little longer at the lake wishing for heavy rains, the only thing that would draw the frost from the ground and start vegetation. On May 13 we left the post and pitched our camp near a creek one mile and a half south of the eighteenth base line. The next day we started to move camp but we had not travelled very far in the forest before we got into the deep snow and had to return to our last camp. The packers with part of the horses were then sent back to Sturgeon lake with orders to bring camp supplies and some of the men's baggage which could not be carried on our previous trip. During the following days it rained continuously. When the weather was settled again we resumed our journey and on May 21 camped on the right bank of Simonette river"which two days Inter we ha 1 to cross on rafts loaded with our effects, whilst the horses swam across. TOl'OURARUWAL SURVEYS BRANCH 141 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b At this point there is a ford which I had often used in previous years but which could not be utilized now that the river swollen by the recent heavy rains and the melting snow in the hills had become a raging torrent which would have swept our loaded ponies off their feet. Beyond the Simonette our progress was often checked by bad roads blocked by fallen timber and in the many days which elapsed before we came to the last crossing of the river at the north boundary of township 61, delays were constantly occurring at the crossings of overflowing creeks which had to be bridged over, and at the pas- sages of extensive swamps which had to be corduroyed. Add to this frequent rains followed by snowstorms and a pretty good idea can be formed of the unfavourable conditions under which we had to travel. The whole country is very hilly and in many places the land is also covered with dead trees lying in every direction and piled up several feet high. There are. also large tracts covered with thick willow or scrubby young pine. On June 13 we arrived at the last crossing of Simonette river, which was forded without difficulty though the current is very swift at this spot, and we camped on a low point at the confluence of the river with one of its southern tributaries. On June 27 I reached the northeast corner of township 60, range 1, west of the sixth meridian which was the initial point of my surveys. The position of the monu- ment to mark that corner having been established according to your instructions, I proceeded south with my surveys. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY ADJOINING THE SIXTH MERIDIAN, FROM THE NORTH- EAST CORNER OF TOWNSHIP 60), TO THE NORTHEAST CORNER OF TOWNSHIP 52. Beginning at the northeast corner of township 60, ths sixth meridian runs south one mile through spruce and pine woods. In section 25 it enters an extensive tract of brule, at the present time thickly covered with deadfall. This land is poor and deeply cut up by the valleys of tributaries to Simonette river. By a gradual ascent the line rise9 in section 13 to 4,450 feet where it crosses the watershed between Si- monette river to the north, and Little Smoky river to the south. The divide here consists of several ranges of hills and nearly parallel to the north boundary of town- ship 59. ;,The ramifications of the outer ranges extend far into the township south of this line and in the intervening depressions are many spruce swamps, muskegs and lakes. One of these lakes, over one mile long and one-third mile wide crosses the line at the northeast corner of section 1. Those found on the northern slope of these hills drain towards the Simonette, whilst the streams which rise on the opposite slope empty into Little Smoky river which flows from west to east through the middle of township 59. These hills whose tops and northern slopes are timbered mostly with jackpine extend far to the west where they appear to connect with the foothills of the Bocky mountains. From the divide, (altitude 4,450 feet) one gets a comprehensive view of the general direction of the valley of Little Smoky river and of the intricate windings of this stream so that the course of the river can be traced to the foothills. There it bifurcates and seems to emerge from two principal gaps, the widest one coming from a southwesterly direction. A southern tributary joins also the Little Smoky at half a mile west of the cor- ner of section 13, where the river leaves township 59. At its crossings (altitude 3,925 feet) on the line, the river is a chain and a half wide and flows at the rate of three or four miles an hour over a stony bottom. At the time of survey (July) this stream was easily forded with horses. The valley of the Little Smoky is three and one-half miles wide between the edges of the hills which bound it on its north and south sides and is 350 feet deep. Except the narrow belt of merchantable timber above mentioned as contiguous to the 142 DEPART1IEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 river, the forest which years ago covered the bottom land in this valley and the slopes f the hills on either sides has been overrun by fires and the road which followed at some distance the left bank of the Little Smoky is so obstructed by fallen timber as to be impracticable for travel. Some Indians from Sturgeon lake informed me that this road led to the headwaters of the Little Smoky and that from that point one could cross the divide and reach Big Smoky river in half a day. A lake surrounded by hay meadows which cover part of sections 26 and 27 drains into Little Smoky river. It lies in a secondary valley parallel to that of the river from which it is separated by low gravel ridges. Between the river and the hills which rise south of it some prairie land with good soil was noticed along the right bank of the river through township 51, range 1. With this exception the rest of this township is hilly and the soil in the northern half is a clay mixed with gravel and stones; in the southern half, the surface soil is clay mixed with sand and it overlies a subsoil of gravel. Little Smoky river does not take its rise in the Bocky mountains but judging from the dark brownish color of its water it must head from swamps and lakes in the hills at the divide of Big Smoky river. Continuing southwards along the east boundary of township 5S we passed through a rolling country where the soil is sand mixed with clay and which supports a second growth of small poplar and jackpine. Gravel ridges separated by large spruce swamps recur constantly. In the middle of section 13 the line crosses a large creek, the last of several unim- portant ones all flowing northeasterly towards Little Smoky river. Along each side of this creek runs an Indian pack trail. Half a mile farther, after crossing a low divide we came to a northern branch of Baptiste river which flows in the next im- portant valley intersected by the sixth meridian. The aspect of the country remains unchanged in township 57, whose principal feature is Baptiste river, a swift flowing stream which must take its rise in glaciers in the Eocky mountains. Its origin is easily inferred from the greenish appearance of the water so different in colour from that of all the streams met so far. At the northeast corner of section 12, where it intersects the line, Baptiste river is forty-five yards wide. At about one mile east of that point it receives from the north an important tributary, the same in fact which crosses the line at the north- east corner of section 1, township 58. Small patches of prairie land are found near their confluence. Where the sixth meridian intersects the river its banks are low and wooded. Along the left bank the wooded flat extends half a mile back to a sandstone bluff one hundred feet high. On this flat grow spruce trees six to eighteen inches in diameter. On the opposite side the sandstone ledges, though not more than sixty- five feet high, drop abruptly to the water's edge. Thus through this sandstone bed the river has cut a valley half a mile wide where rocky bluffs and wooded flats alter- nate along its course. Baptiste river is an important tributary of Athabaska river and has always been recognized by the natives as the territorial division between the northern tribes inhabiting the Sturgeon lake country and those living in the vicinity of Jasper House near the foot of the Rockies. In the centre of section 36 runs a belt, one-half mile wide, of balsam fir and spruce six to thirty inches in diameter and at different places in this township are patches of green timber of small size. The soil is sand mixed with clay; the sub- soil, clay and gravel. South of Baptiste river the soil is a coarse yellow sand so thinly distributed on the top of the sandstone ledges that it made it difficult at cer- tain corners to drive in the iron post to the proper depth. A creek flowing through some prairie land crosses this line a quarter of a mile north of the corner of township 56. It flows northeasterly towards Baptiste river. From the northeast corner of section 36, township 56, the sixth meridian ascends gradually to the summit (4,400 feet) of wooded hills which cover the southern half of this township and cross the line at the north boundary of section 1. Here also stands TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 143 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b another range resembling a terrace or table-land wooded ■with jackpine and for six miles, bearing a little east of north. This table-land bounds on the east the valley of a stream which rises in a large muskeg covering the north half of section 12. This creek flows between high cutbanks of sandstone and receives several tributaries which drain the swamp lands west of the line. In sections 12, 13 and part of sections 14, 23 and 24, grow spruce and jackpine from four to eight inches in diameter. The other sections are covered with burnt timber and deadfall overgrown with a second growth of pine or scrub and willow. The land is also stony in many places. In the swamps, which are numerous, grow. Small spruce trees up to six inches in diameter. In the southern half of this town- ship the soil is clay mixed with sand and a clay subsoil, which changes to gravel and stones in the other half. A quarter of mile west of the corner of section 36 there is some open prairie land. In the northern part of township 56, there are many isolated groups of hills which are separated by marshes and have sandy and gravelly slopes supporting a light growth of scrubby poplar and jackpine. From the top (4,625 feet) of one of these hills six chains east of section 24 a good view of the Rocky mountains was ob- tained and measurements were taken on all the prominent peaks in order to deter- mine their positions and altitudes. In the southern half, which is high rolling, mean- ders, a large creek which crosses the line in section 13. At one mile east of this point it receives from the north a tributary as large as itself. With a volume of water thus doubled the main stream now takes a northeasterly direction towards Baptiste river into which it empties. One mile north of the junction of these two creeks the width of the valley of the northern tributary is considerably reduced by escarpments of sandstone forty to fifty feet high, which reach down to the water's edge, thus causing a gorge. This spot would be an ideal one for developing water-power should the necessity arise in the future. In the expansion of the valley above the gorge there is quite a stretch of prairie land and partly open country. These remarks apply also to the valley of the main stream which flows along the north boundary of section 12. The only live timber (spruce and pine, six to ten inches in diameter) to be found in this township grows in a narrow belt along the left bank of the last mentioned stream. The soil is generally a sandy clay overlying a subsoil of clay. Approaching the mountains the elevation of each successive ridge increases till in township 54 there is a prominent landmark called Jarvis ridge (altitude 5,050 feet). It is a remarkably straight but narrow terrace which extends across the centre of this township from east to west and continues on the same bearing far into range 2, where it terminates in an abrupt descent of several hundred feet to the general level of the country. This table-land is the watershed between the valley of Endurance creek (4,400 feet), which drains the southern half of this township and another large stream which flows along its northern boundary. Sections 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 24, are wooded with spruce and pine, six to twelve inches in diameter. The other sections are covered with deadfall over- grown with willow or a second growth of jackpine. Large tracts of land in this town- ship are swampy and marshy. The soil, which is of clay mixed with sand, varies in depth from four to eight inches. The subsoil is generally clay. The surface of this township is very hilly and it has a general downward slope towards the east. The next stream of any size is a branch of Hay river. It runs diagonally across township 53, entering at its northwest corner and crossing its east boundary in sec- tion 1. From that point (altitude 4,600 feet) it flows eastward and three miles far- 144 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 ther joins Hay river (altitude 4,050 feet) iu section 51, township 53, range 27, west of the fifth meridian. The foothills of the Rocky mountains, which in this vicinity trend northwesterly, cover one-half of this township. They rise to an altitude of 6,000 feet above sea and at their tops frequently appear escarpments of brown coloured sandstone. In the numerous narrow valleys which divide each range of hills are found strips of open and grassy land with good soil. These low lands, however, are liable to be flooded. Along the hillsides the soil is generally gravel mixed with clay, and near the top the land is often very stony. Tears ago a destructive fire overran this country, which is now covered with deadfall. The pack trail from Jasper House to Big Smoky river intersects the east boun- dary of section 24. From that point it appears to follow the valley of the tributary to Hay river above mentioned. Owing to the proximity of the Bullrush mountains (altitude over 8,000 feet), which at that late season might have proved a formidable obstacle to the production of the line farther south, the survey of the sixth meridian was discontinued at the northeast corner of township 52. On November 14, I moved my camp to the northeast corner of township 52, range 27, west of the fifth meridian, and on the following days I surveyed south twelve miles more to the thirteenth cor- rection line. DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY ADJOINING THE EAST BOUNDARY OF TOWNSHIPS 52 AND 51, RANGES 26 AND 27, WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Beginning at the fourteenth base line the east boundary of township 52, range 27, west of the fifth meridian, passes through three-quarters of a mile of rolling and wooded land, having a loamy soil resting on a clay subsoil. Beyond this the line enters a burnt forest and ascends gradually to the eastern slope of a range of hills which divide the basin of Hay river, west of the line, from a troughlike depression running parallel with the line at an average distance of one mile and a half east of it. The surface of the southern part of this township is broken by hills rising to an altitude of 6,000 feet and whose tops and slopes are covered with burnt timber, most of which is still standing, whilst lower down where the ground is often marshy, some small areas support live spruce. The central part is high rolling country merging into a series of benches of decreasing altitudes as one approaches Hay river, a mountain stream fifty yards wide and with a swift current flowing over a stony bottom. In the bottom lands, adjacent to the river the soil is good, on the benches, it is sandy clay overlying gravel. The pack trail from Jasper House to Big Smoky river intersects the east boun- dary of this township in section 36. It then runs west two miles farther and after crossing a deep gulch with a creek which drains an extensive spruce swamp this trail continues northwesterly across the north boundary of section 34 towards the ford on Hay river about one mile farther on. At this point (altitude 4,050 feet) in the) month of September the water was three feet deep in the channel. Some prairie land exists along the left bank of the river and this spot used to be a favourite camping ground for the Indian hunters as there is an abundance of good feed for their ponies. Above the ford the general course (south 20° west) of the river leads into the moun- tains, here the river flows between high cutbanks of gravel. Below the ford, where the river turns to the northeast the banks are lower. Through repeated fires the spruce forest which once covered this valley has disap- peared and to-day patches of cleared land are found in many places lalong this stream. The general elevation of the valley of Hay river, near the ford is 4,050 feet. It enters the north boundary of this township in section 32. and from that point it con- tinues for several miles in a southerly direction towards the Rocky mountains. TOPOGRAPHICAL SUHVEYS BRANCH 145 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b A narrow, but deep valley, bounded to the east by hills rising 1,400 feet above its level, runs across the whole length of township 52, range 26, from section 32 to section 5. In this depression are many lakes; the two largest ones, three miles and a half apart are named Jarvis lake (altitude 3,875 feet) and Gregg lake. The upper lake is the larger and is studded with islands, all wooded; the other one is very shallow; both are teeming with whitefish, pike and ling. These lakes are all connected and by the outlet of Gregg lake drain into Hay river, which flows into Baptistie river, itself an important western tributary to the Athabaska. Jarvis lake covers nearly three-fourths of section 32, and Gregg lake the greatest part of section 5 and the half of section 8. In these lakes and all the streams which empty into them, the water is fresh. What constitutes the only level land in this township would be included in sec- tion 17, the soil being wet and swampy, and sections 20 and 29, which contain some good prairie land, well drained. This strip of arable soil is bounded on the west by Gregg creek and on the east by a succession of hills culminating in a terrace or table land (1,400 feet above the valley). The west slope of this high land drops abruptly to the eastern shore of Gregg lake, it has no vegetation thus exposing to view many ledges of sandstone. The southern slope, however, is densely wooded, not so abrupt and terminates at the edge of two other lakes (4,200 feet) draining towards the valley of Jarvis lake. The pack trail between Jasper House and Big Smoky river passes from south to north through this township, which it enters in section 6. Here it follows the pine ridges along the west shore of Jarvis lake. In sections 17 and 29 it crosses Gregg creek. From the last crossing it goes to the west shore of the lower lake, where a branch of this trail follows close to its shore and eventually leads also to Hay river. The main trail, however, takes a westerly direction and intersects the east boundary of township 52, range 27, in section 36. In section 17 another well travelled pack trail starts from the Jasper House and Big Smoky river main trail and passing at a short distance south of two small lakes enters a pass (4,350 feet) opening into the valley of Athabaska river, whence it leads in a southeast direction to a point on the river opposite the mouth of Prairie creek. At this point Athabaska river is not fordable, and the crossing is usually effected on rafts. Here also to the south very high perpendicular cliffs extend some distance along the west bank of the river. The opposite bank is low and close to it is an island wooded with spruce and cottonwood. From the landing on the right bank of the river start two trails, one leading south follows the valley of the Athabaska, whilst the other one after winding up the steep side of high hills leads to Jock's ranch, three miles farther in the valley of Prairie creek. Jock's ranch is the first inhabited place we come to on the road to the Yellowhead pass, after leaving the ' big eddy ' settlement, on Macleod river. In sections 6, 12 and 13, of township 52, range 26, the timber is mostly jackpine from six to ten inches in diameter, spruce and poplar. The soil is a yellow clay mixed with gravel; in the hills the land is stony. From the northeast corner of township 51, range 27, the line descends gradually to the level of the depression in which are Jarvis and Gregg lakes. In section 1, it passes over Solomon mountain (altitude 5,200 feet) a sandstone bluff with precipi- tous sides to the west, while north and east its foothills spread far into the interior of the next range. The surface of this township is also very hilly and deeply furrowed by the valley of Solomon creek and the gulches of its tributaries. 25b— 10 146 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 The soil is sandy, but the subsoil is gravel or stones mixed with clay; nearly all the timber has been destroyed by fire, a few scattered small patches of green bush appearing, however, here and there on the slopes of the highest hills. The pack trail from Jasper House to ' Grande prairie ' crosses the line in sec- tion 13. It winds through some open land, which slopes down to the southwest and extends to the valley of Solomon creek. Beyond this stream, a stretch of partly open country, one mile or so in width, continues for six miles farther south to the foot of the Bullrush mountains (altitude 8,000 feet). Towards the east, this prairie land ends at a narrow strip of green timber grow- ing along the west shore of Brule lake, (altitude 3,200 feet) an enlargement of Atha- baska river. The depression which crosses from north to south in township 52 continues also on the same bearing and with the same features through township 51. The open land begins at the southern extremity of Jarvis lake (altitude 3,875 feet) in the middle of section 32. It forms a strip less than a mile wide and which extends through sec- tions 29, 30, 19 and 18, where, owing to the vicinity of Solomon mountain (altitude 5,200 feet) it turns to the southwest. This prairie land has soil of sandy loam twelve inches deep overlying a subsoil of gravel mixed with clay. Where its edge merges into the foothills the surface is covered with much scrub poplar and willow brush while the top soil is also shallow. In the middle of section 18 there is a hay meadow. The pack trail between Jasper House and Big Smoky river crosses the west boundary of this township in section 18, whence it turns north and winds two miles and a half across well drained and open land. In section 30 it enters the open pine woods along the west shore of Jarvis lake. Spruce and jackpine grow in sections 19, 30 and 31, but on the high hills which cover the rest of this township all the timber is burnt. My next work was a traverse survey eighteen and one-quarter miles long. Its initial point was the temporary post planted at the southeast corner of township 51, range 27, west of the fifth meridian on the north side of the road allowance along the thirteenth correction line. By that traverse the distance between this line and the mouth of Solomon creek is two and one-quarter miles. This creek is a western tributary of Athabaska river which it joins at the point where the river flows out of Brule lake. Thence the sur- vey continues for seven miles along the western shore of this lake which, at the time of survey (November 26) was nearly dry, the subsiding waters being confined to a single channel winding amongst the quicksands and banks of fine silt which form the bottom of the lake. At the southern end of Brule lake it was necessary to carry the survey over a high rocky ridge which projects eastward from the mountains and ends abruptly at the water's edge of Athabaska river. The pack trail ascends also nearly 1,000 feet along the mountain side. Beyond this ridge instead of following the river whose banks are heavily wooded, the survey was continued westwards along the foothills and in close proximity to the pack trail which passes through the more open sections of the coun- try. In section 18, township 49, range 27, it descends to a large flat and after cross- ing Moose creek, which rises from a lake in the mountains, it leads through level prairie land which covers parts of sections 18 and 7. On leaving this prairie the sur- vey passes over high and partly timbered hills overlooking AthaBaska river whose left side it follows up to the east boundary line of section 1, township 49, range 1, west of the sixth meridian. This line was surveyed south from the quarter section post to the northeast corner of township 48, where the thirteenth base line should intersect the sixth meridian. REMARKS ON THE COUNTRY ADJOINING ATHABASKA RIVER, ABOVE AND BELOW BRULE LAKE. Brule lake is a shallow expansion of Athabaska river. It is about one mile and a quarter wide and six miles and a half long, with its longer axis in the direction TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 147 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b of the meridian. On its eastern shore are sandy dunes denuded of vegetation. Dunes were also noticed along the right bank of the river a few miles above the lake and especially near the mouth of Fiddle creek where standing live trees at the edge of the woods, which here extends to the water's edge, are buried to the depth of fifteen or twenty feet in this fine sand which is constantly being driven in that direction by the prevailing southern winds. These dunes also apparently supply part of the material which is gradually filling Brule lake. Very different is the country along the west shore which is low and bordered with green timber next to which comes level prairie land gently rising towards the escarpment of Bullrush mountains, forming an impassable barrier one mile west of the lake. The strip of prairie land is six miles long by one mile wide, is well watered by numerous small mountain streams and its altitude above the sea is prac- tically the same as the place twenty-five miles farther south where Messrs. Swift and Moberly Bros, and others raise grain and root crops. This land should be just as fit for farming as any of the other places. This prairie land is easily accessible from two directions. After the Athabaska has been crossed one road starting from Athabaska Landing opposite the mouth of Prairie creek, leads to it by following a southwesterly direction over the grassy ben- ches along the left bank of the river. On this road at about three miles above the landing we passed some good prairie land and extensive hay meadows at the upper end of which Mr. Smith has built a house. One mile beyond Smith's ranch the trail crosses a large creek flowing in a very deep gulch with high precipitous hanks and ascends to a plateau several hundred feet above the river level. A mile farther the trail bifurcates. The left branch keeps along the eastern edge of the plateau which overlooks Athabaska river and continues across prairie for three miles farther, when it enters open woods of pine and scattered spruce averaging eight inches. This forest extends easterly to the river which runs within half a mile of the edge of the plateau. South and west it extends to the valley of Solomon creek and the foothills of Solomon mountain. In crossing this forest the trail keeps at the same altitude descending at last to the level of Athabaska river, where it receives Solomon creek. After crossing the creek near its mouth, the trail follows for a quarter of a mile close to the shore of Brule lake and ascends to the top of some timbered ridges which shut off the valley of Solomon creek from the south. Shortly after it debouches in the prairie lands previously referred to. The right branch of this trail turns more to the southwest and skirts the western edge of the forest at the foot of Solomon moun- tain, crossing Solomon creek three or four miles above its confluence with the Atha- baska, whence it leads also to the prairie lands adjacent to the west shore of Brule lake. These lands could also be reached from the south by a road which leaves the main Yellowhead pass road close to Stony river but in my opinion the others are shorter and easier to travel. Above Brule lake, Athabaska river divides into innumerable channels, separated sometimes by wooded islands but more frequently by large gravel bars covered with large quantities of drift wood through which grow thick willows. Where it issues from the lake the river is confined to a single channel and a quarter of a mile below the lake it turns to the northeast. Here its channel is ob- structed by large boulders. With this exception its course is remarkably free from obstacles and continues in one channel, only an occasional wooded island being en- countered, till at Trail creek, one of its eastern tributaries, another rapid occurs in a sharp bend of the river. A bad canyon, however, is reported to exist somewhere near the confluence of this river with Baptiste river. On December 5, having completed the survey of the sixth meridian as far as instructed, I started for Athabaska river, crossing on the way Stony river near the place where it leaves the mountains. The river which here runs in a single channel is quite deep and very swift, but I found a better ford half a mile farther down 25b— 10J 148 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 where it divides into several shallow channels spreading through a wide stony flat. After crossing this river the trail which we had followed thus far, connects with the Yi llowhead pass trail. From the junction of these trails, we travelled through an extensive prairie as far as the left bank of the Athabaska, which we forded without difficulty, as it was still free of ice at that late date. This is the place where all pack trains bound for Yellowhead Pass cross the Athabaska. It is a long and intricate ford, and its crossing should not be attempted at high water by parties unacquainted with the location of the different gravel bars which have to be partly followed. There are many channels to cross, some of them quite deep and swift. This network of channels is a feature of the river in this vicinity. Below the crossing they extend to tie head of Brule lake, where years ago there used to be another ford just where Drystone creek enters the river from the east ; but the gravel bars here having been partly washed away, the ford is not practicable to-day except at very low water. On December 6 I continued my journey along the right bank of the river and camped that night on Fiddle creek, one of its eastern tributaries. The approach to Fiddle creek from the north may be prop3rly called the gate- way to the Rocky mountains in the neighbourhood. Their massive escarpments of grey limestone rising in successive tiers to seven and eight thousand feet above the sea add much to the landscape on both sides of Athabaska river, and the scenery compares favourably with that of other sections of the Rockies. In the angle formed by the valleys of Fiddle creek and Athabaska river stands ' Roche a Miette,' a prominent landmark, visible from a long distance. It is the abrupt western termination of the high range of mountains which divide the valleys of Drystone and Fiddle creeks. This last stream flows from east to west through a deep narrow gorge, cut through rugged and high peaks. At about three mile up one of its southern affluents are several hot springs; two of them are reported to have a very high temperature. From the junction of these streams it is about twelve miles to the valley of Athabaska river. At present it is difficult to reach these hot springs, for the only path which leads to them is very faint in many plices, and winds high up the precipitous sides of the mountains south of the creek. On December 7, we left Fiddle creek and two and one-half miles farther forded Drystone creek, another mountain stream. One mile north of the ford we came to pine and spruce woods on the divide between Drystone creek and Prairie creek. The forest gradually disappears as one travels northward and within four miles of Jock's house the country which has been burnt over repeatedly has a generally open appear- ance. Through this flows Prairie creek and three miles above its confluence with Athabaska river stands Jock's house. Here Jock and his partner J. J. Gregg, settled eighteen years ago and for a long while theirs was the only habitation between the new settlements at the eastern extremity of Chip lake and Moberly's ranch at the foot of the mountains. Lately it became the distributing point for several parties of engineers sent by the Grand Trunk Pacific company to explore the passes for their railway. Though the land along Prairie creek is fertile, very little cultivation has been done by these men who divide their spare time between trading with the natives and ranching for which this country is well adapted. As a result of the warm Chinook winds which frequently blow down the valley, the winters here are not severe and the fall of snow is so light that hay is never put up for cattle or horses, nor shelter provided for them. On a small tributary which springs from the hills east of Prairie creek into which it flows, beds of coal have been discovered and coal claims were staked during last summer. A pack trail seldom travelled by whites, starts from Jock's ranch and proceeds eastwards along the valley of Coal creek which it follows to the divide, it continues in the same direction till near McLeod river it meets another trail running at right TUl'OGRAPHWAL SURVEYS BRL1XCH 149 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b angles to the former and which connects 'The Leavings' on McLeod river with the head waters of McLeod, Pembina and Brazeau rivers. At first I intended to reach the big eddy of the McLeod by following this trail and thus examine this new section- of country so as to be able to report on it but, being informed that the grain ordered for the return trip to Edmonton had not yet been delivered, I reluctantly gave up my project and had to take the old yellowhead pass trail, which follows the right bank of Athabaska river to its intersection with the fourteenth base line where I knew oats had been cached by Mr. Geo. Ross, D.L.S. The country adjacent to the trail connecting Athabaska river with the big eddy of McLeod river is so minutely described by Mr. Geo. Ross who surveyed the four- teenth base line which runs through it that I need not further refer to it. To sum up, the larger portion of the country visited last summer, if we except some scattered areas of arable land which have proved productive, will be more suited to stock-raising than to fanning, after the land which is quite rough and has a light soil, has been cleared of the windfall which at present covers the greater part of it. In many places along the valleys of the largest streams will be found bluffs of spruce and poplar, and clumps of thick willow which make fine shelter for cattle. In the intervals are patches of prairie land and hay meadows, some of them quite large. During the summer while engaged in the survey of the sixth meridian, I never missed an opportunity of taking measurements from proper elevations along the line to all the most prominent peaks of the Rockies which came into view. With these data I have worked out their altitude above the sea and also the position of these mountains relatively to the sixth meridian, but, owing to the greater elevation of the country west of the sixth meridian and sometimes also to thick bush near my stations no outlook to peaks farther west than thirty-five miles could be obtained. Beginning at the valley of the Athabaska and proceeding westward we have the Bullrush mountains which extend eastwards beyond the sixth meridian, northeasterly they extend to toolomon creek and southwesterly to stony river. To the northwest they are separated from the main range of the Rocky Mountains by Hay river, which flows out of Rocky lake fed by mountain streams. Extensive prairies surround this lake which is much frequented by the natives during the sum- mer as its vicinity affords ideal camping grounds. South of the lake is a low divide between the valleys of Hay and Stony rivers which approach within half a mile of each other. Northwest of Bullrush Mountains from which they are separated by the valley of Hay river are other mountains presenting a fairly regular outline bearing north 70° west and apparently terminating twenty miles farther at a conical shaped peak (altitude 8,850 feet). From that point the mountains seem to recede towards the southwest. Returning to the valley of the Athabaska and looking southwards from the middle of the east boundary of section 1, township 49, on the sixth meridian, one cannot help noticing an isolated high peak (altitude 9,100 feet) of pyramidal shape and standing apparently in the middle of the valley. In reality it occupies the angle formed at the entrance to Yellowhead pass by Athabaska and Miette rivers. Near the base of this peak stood the old ' Henry House,' a trading post long ago abandoned. On Capt. Palliser's map this peak is called Pyramid Mountain. Of the mountains east of Athabaska river the most prominent summits of the range separating Drystone creek from Fiddle creek were determined as far east as the sources of McLeod and Pembina rivers. As for the next range rising north of Rocky river, only these mountains at its western extremity and a few peaks near the head waters of this river were located, as the intermediate peaks are hidden from view by the first range above mentioned. Regarding the climatic conditions in this country, I may state that up to the middle of August we suffered great discomfort and experienced vexatious delays due to continuous heavy rains, often followed by ten or twelve inches of snow, which. 150 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 however, would melt away in a few days. I may also add that in midsummer, ice half an inch or more in thickness frequently formed during the night on water left in receptacles in my tent. Such unusual occurrences could, however, be accounted for by keeping in mind the great elevation (4,400 feet) of the country. These daily outpours which had prevailed in the district where I was surveying so long as we remained thirty or forty miles away from the mountains, gradually decreased in frequency and intensity the nearer we got to them. The reason for this change is apparent. Western storms originate in the mountains, as on any bright day we could plainly see the clouds forming around the highest peaks. In the interval a vacuum is caused in the superheated air on the plains to the east. Hence the rush of the colder air from the higher altitude towards the lower level of the plans, carrying before it the storm clouds; precipitation from those would begin only when at already some distance from the origin. However, these may be only local conditions. To compensate for the disagreeable weather of the early part of the season we were favoured with the finest fall weather it has ever been my luck to experience in the northern country, and up to November the days were balmy; as there was very little snow on the ground the survey work could be carried on without interruption. Large game is plentiful in this country and consists of moose, along the valleys of Baptiste and Hay rivers; black, cinnamon and silver-tip bears are numerous throughout. Mountain sheep and goats live in the foothills and appear in great num- bers west of Brule lake. Beavers were noticed at work on the headwaters of Simon- ette river and on some tributaries of Baptiste and Hay rivers. Small game, such as grouse, rabbits and waterfowl are scarce, but the lakes are teeming with whitefish and pike; and in the running streams trout of many species were caught. On December 1, I returned with my outfit to Gregg's ranch, near Prairie creek, and arranged with him for the transport to Lake St. Ann of part of my outfit, some of my pack horses being so poor as to render them unfit to carry heavy loads on such a trip at that season. On December 9 we left for Lake St. Ann, which we reached on the 20th. Three days later I was in Edmonton. On the 26th, having received the necessary funds, I paid off the party and on the 29th left for Ottawa, where I arrived on January 2. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, A. SAINT CYK, D.L.S. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 151 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 35. REPORT OF J. B. SAINT OTR, D.L.S. SETTLEMENT SURVEYS IN PEACE RIVER DISTRICT. Montreal, February 24, 1908. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D.. Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following general report on my field opera- tions during the past season in Peace River district. In accordance with your instructions, dated March 1, 8 and 15, 1907, I left St. Anne de la Perade on March 22 for the west. I arrived in Edmonton on the 29th of the same month. I began making the necessary arrangements and hired the men, and on April 10, I left Edmonton with three teams. On the 13th we arrived at Athabaska Landing and on the night of the 17th, we reached the lower end of Lesser Slave lake. On the evening of the 25th we arrived at Peace River landing, where the ice had broken two days before. The banks and shores of the river were regular walls of blocks of ice and a place for landing could not be seen on either side of the river. In order not to stay idle waiting for a more favourable chance to cross, we commenced the subdivision of Peace River Landing settlement and worked at it until May 6, when we could take my outfit across the river. On May 8, we left Peace River landing on our way to Dunvegan, where we arrived on the 11th. On the 14th and 15th the teamsters which I sent for, came to Dunvegan and took my outfit to Spirit river, and on the 17th of the same month we started the survey of Spirit River settlement. Before giving any description of this Spirit River country, I will mention 'Little prairie,' about twenty miles southeast of Peace River landing on Lesser Slave lake trail as a good location for some future survey. There are a few squatters there and each one of them is very anxious to have a surveyor locate him and to make some subdivision. There is quite a long stretch of good country, prairie and bluffs at ' Little prairie ' along the wagon trail. North Heart river drains that country, furnishing a permanent supply of good water. Timber for building purposes is also plentiful in the vicinity of 'Little prairie,' and in fact all along the trail. Peace River landing is a very small flat, surrounded by hills ranging from six hundred to eight hundred feet above Peace river. The flat itself is about fifteen feet above the river at low water. The greater portion of that level land was surveyed by me in the spring, as above stated. Eight miles above Peace River landing and on the west side of the river begins Shaftsbury settlement, occupying a narrow but very long flat of the best soil. The crop raised this year in that settlement was magnificent, the oats and wheat being of the highest grade. Squatters are scattered from this settlement to Peace River landing along the river waiting for the survey of this tract of land. The country there is undulating and gently rolling, but the soil is comparatively good. From Shaftsbury settlement two trails, one southwest and the other west, diverge for a certain distance to meet again east of Burnt river, forming there the Dunvegan wagon trail. The more southerly trail crosses, a very good farming country. The soil is richer and contains more moisture than on the upper trail. A spring creek 152 DEPA.RT1IEXT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 flowing through township 81, range 25, west of the fifth meridian, runs both in winter and summer, supplying the best of water. Hundreds of settlers could locate with those already established there. The subdivision of a few townships in that vicinity is urgent. On the other trail the country is mostly prairie with the exception of the land bordering on Burnt river, where it is prairie and bluffs. Later on townships 82, 83 and 84, range 1, west of the sixth meridian, might be subdivided and afford a good location for newcomers. Burnt river runs until late in the summer and timber for building purposes is plentiful along its banks. The country has a very fine aspect and is nearly level. Dunvegan as well as Peace River landing is another navigation point. The flat on the north side of Peace river is all taken up ; it is surrounded by hills varying from 400 to 600 feet high. The 6urvey of that settlement will probably be com- pleted next summer. A belt of timber six miles wide borders Peace river on the south side along Spirit river road. South of that timber the country is prairie and bluffs. The land is gently rolling from the timber towards the south for about four miles, where it begins to be level as far as Spirit river, a distance of about nine miles. The open country around Spirit river extends about ten miles to the north, eight miles to the southeast, four miles to the south and about fifteen miles to the northwest. All this land is well adapted for farming and ranching purposes. Spirit river with a few lakes here and there furnishes a good supply of water nearly all the year around. Timber for building purposes and wood for fuel are plentiful. The climate is very good in all that district and early summer frosts are not frequent. There are a few squatters on the Dunvegan road, north of Spirit river, asking for subdivision survey in that direction next summer. The grain and vegetables raised there last summe* were exceedingly good. The people of that country are satisfied so far. Settlers will certainly before long join those pioneers of the country. The survey of Spirit river settlement was commenced on May 17 and was com- pleted on June 22, 1907. The settlement lies on both sides of Spirit river with two rows of lots. It measures about four and a half miles from east to west by about two and a quarter miles in depth and contains fifty-nine lots of different sizes all of the best farming land. The people of that settlement are well encouraged and expect to have a saw-mill in operation next summer and to have threshing machines and a boring outfit, as they intend to bore wells in different parts of the district. Following out my instructions, we left Spirit river on June 23 on our way to ' Grande prairie, where we arrived on the 26th of the same month. We first surveyed the north, east and west boundaries of townships 72 and 71, range 6, west of the sixth meridian and subdivided a portion in each township, also Flyingshot Lake settlement, in township 71, range 6. These surveys commenced on June 24, and were completed on August 20. 'Grande prairie' had a very fine appearance this summer and no better grazing land and hay land can be seen anywhere. The surface is prairie and bluffs, gently undulating. The soil is a deep black loam and deep black sandy loam overlying a clay or sandy clay subsoil. That open country may extend from east to west about forty miles and nearly twenty-four miles from north to south. Streams cross the (country in all directions and there are also a few good sized lakes of soft water. Timber for building purposes is plentiful and can be procured almost everywhere. The land is suitable for farming and ranching purposes. The climate is very good and early summer frosts are not frequent. Vegetables and grain are successfully raised there. The few scattered squatters of 'Grand prairie' appear to be satisfied and have great faith in the future of that country, which is large enough to make a province by itself. The means of communication for reaching that district are improving every year and people can travel with more comfort and in less time to that northwestern country than before. I never witnessed such fine weather anywhere as last fall in that district. Having completed the above mentioned surveys in 'Grande prairie' we came to Spirit river to outfit for further surveys north of Birch hills and across Brule river, Spirit and Peace river as far as the twenty-first base line. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BR]ANCH 153 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b On August 27, we left Spirit river for Grizzly Bear prairie where we arrived two days later. That prairie is nothing but a narrow strip of prairie following a wagon trail, as far as township 77, range 2, west of the sixth meridian, a distance of about twenty miles from Spirit river. According to additional instructions received in August we began the survey of the east boundaries of townships 77, 78, 79 and 80, ranges 3 and 4 and made the subdivision of township 78, range 3, west of the sixth meridian. These surveys were commenced on Aiigust 30 and were completed on December 24. The country surveyed is mostly thick bush with the exception of that portion of township 77, range 3, situated north of Birch hills, which is prairie and bluffs. The remaining portion of that township, viz. : four miles by six miles on Birch hills, is thickly timbered with spruce, poplar, birch and large willow with patches of jaekpine here and there. The spruce timber is of good quality and suitable for lum- bering purposes. The average height of Birch hills above the prairie is about two hundred and twenty-five feet. In township 78, range 3, half way between Brule river and the wagon road, there is another belt of fine spruce timber suitable for making lumber extending nearly five miles from west to east with an average width of about 'a mile. The soil is fairly good from the foot of Birch hills to a mile north of the trail, but in the remaining portion of township 78 and all township 79, the soil is of inferior quality and thickly timbered with poplar, spruce and large willow with windfall here and there. The hills bordering Brule river in townships 78 and 79, range 3, west of the sixth meridian vary in height from three hundred to four hundred feet. Those of Spirit river in township 79, range 3, average two hundred feet in height, while the hills of Peace river in township 80, range 3, are from four to six hundred feet high. In this last township the surface is prairie and bluffs, viz. : for that portion situated on the north side of Peace river. The soil is very good and well adapted for farming and ranching purposes. There is a narrow flat on the river bank in that township, called ' Green Island ' flat ; it is about two miles long and is all occupied by squatters out- side of the Indian reserve. Prom the top of Peace river hills as far as the view extends the country is level. While travelling on Spirit river and in making the traverse of Brule river, I noticed in the cutbanks oxide of iron here and there. Pieces of coal were also found in the cutbanks of Spirit river, in township 79, range 3. I am sending to the department some specimens gathered on the above mentioned rivers. On December 27 we went to Dunvegan to survey a portion of township 80f range 4 west of the sixth meridian, and to make some measurements in Dunveg n settle- ment. On January 7, 1908, we left for Peace River Landing, where we made a tra- verse from the twenty-second base line to the northwest corner of Peace River Land- ing settlement. It took two days to perform this work, and I started afterwards for Edmonton, where I arrived on January 23, and at Ottawa on the 29th. From what I have seen these last two years and also from reliable information from the residents of Peace river district, I must say that regarding the climate, the quality of the soil, the hay, the water supply, the timber, &c, this northwestern country has more advantges than the other parts of the west. The days are much longer in summer and the grain and vegetables grow more rapidly than farther south. The fall is much nicer and not so cold as in many parts of the west, and also the spring is comparatively early. Means of communication are getting better every year, so that there is nothing to prevent settlers from going into that country, where they can make a success of mixed farming. When the district is more settled that will certainly induce the railway companies to build a line to that country. I believe that in the near future it will prove to be exceedingly good as a farming and ranching country. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. J. B. SAINT CYR. D.L.S. 154 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 36. REPORT OF B. J. SAUNDERS, D.L.S. SURVEY OF PARTS OF THE FOURTH AND FIFTH BASE LINES EAST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN Edmonton, Alta., August 3, 1907. E. Devillb, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the survey of the fourth base line through ranges 13, 14 and part of 15, and the fifth base line through ranges 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17, east of the principal meridian, in the province of Manitoba, surveyed under your instructions, dated May 25, 1906. Having undertaken some private surveys before receiving your instructions, I was unable to proceed with this base line work until early in the autumn of last year. In any case, from knowledge gained of the conditions of the country, I con- sidered it advisable to defer the work until the swamps and muskegs had partly dried up. I shipped my horses and outfit from Edmonton to Winnipeg on September 21, via the Canadian Northern railway, and they arrived in Winnipeg on the 28th. On the following- day I went to Lac du Bonnet and Whitemouth to look the ground over before deciding which base line to start first, and from what I learned, made up my mind to proceed with the fourth base line and leave the fifth base line until winter time, when the ice had formed on the lakes and rivers. Having found out that no men were available at Whitemouth, I organized my party in Winnipeg and returned to Whitemouth on October 9, where my assistant had been engaged for the previous week examining the country east of Whitemouth to find a convenient route into the northeast corner of township 12, range 12. Two or three days were spent in getting the camp in shape, road-making and building a temporary bridge across Bog river, as well as forwarding supplies. On October 13 we moved camp from Whitemouth to the east side of Bog river, on section 2, township 12, range 12, to within six or seven miles of our starting point, and by the end of the following week got the camp to within three-quarters of a mile of that point by making use of an old timber road. On Saturday, October 20, the production of the base line was started from the northeast corner of township 12, range 12, and the work was carried on until Decem- ber 15, by which time we had reached the northeast corner of section 34, township 12, range 15. Work was discontinued at this time in compliance with your letter of December 4, instructing me to proceed at once with the survey of the fifth base, so that the subdivision of the townships adjacent thereto could be undertaken at an early date. As embodied in the reports of the several ranges through which this (fourth) base line passes, the country consists chiefly of rocky land and muskeg, and has been more or less burned over. In my opinion, very little of it is adapted for agri- cultural pursuits. At the present time there is practically no timber left that would be of use for lumber. In ranges 13 and 14 there is a fair amount of standing dead timber that could be utilized for firewood, and in favourable seasons could be hauled to Darwin TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRUNCH 155 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b station on the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway. The wood industry east of Winnipeg has become quite important, and large quantities are shipped to that city during the winter months from Molson, Whitemouth and Darwin, on the main line of the railway, and from all the stations along the Lac du Bonnet branch north of Molson. Around Whitemouth mixed farming operations are carried on to a large extent, hay being one of the chief commodities grown. Timothy and clover grow luxuriantly and are easily marketed. At the present time extensive operations are going on in railway construction in double-tracking the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway and in the construction of the new Transcontinental line which passes only a few miles south of Whitemouth. The fourth base line crosses Whiteshell river near the east side of range 14 and again in range 15 at the point where the survey was discontinued. This river forms the drainage channel of Whiteshell and Cross lakes, and of other lakes in that neigh- bourhood. It widens out a number of times into lakes between which there is usually a small fall or rapids. No economic minerals were met with. On Sunday, December 16, camp was struck and a start made back to Whitemouth where we arrived on the following day. Two or three days were employed in pur- chasing hay and oats and shipping them by rail to Lac du Bonnet. On the following Saturday we started across country with the camp, over a fairly good winter road for Lac du Bonnet station, reaching that point the next day. Our car having arrived it was unloaded on the 26th, and the greater part of our supplies stored. Early the next morning a part of the camp pulled out for the fifth base line and camped that night at the mouth of Oiseau river near the northeast corner of Lac du Bonnet proper. The few days following were spent in taking up the line in range 12 and waiting for an observation for azimuth. Having been at length successful in getting a satisfactory observation, the survey of this base was commenced on January 6, and on March 12 it was completed to the east side of range 17. The survey of this base line was found to be a very difficult and trying piece of work owing to the great depth of snow which prevailed last winter, combined with the intense cold. The country along this base line consists chiefly of rocky formation broken by muskegs. Lac du Bonnet extends about a mile and a half into range 13. Adjacent to the north boundary of township 16, range 15, there is a lake about two and one- half miles in length. In range 16 there are three lakes adjacent to and intersected by the line, while in range 17 as many as five lakes are so situated. The end of the line established falls in a lake some three or four miles in width. The shores of these lakes generally speaking are rocky but owing to the quantity of snow on the ground we were unable to judge of the probability of their carrying minerals of economic value. I do not consider any section of this country adapted to agricultural pursuits. In range 13, adjacent to Lac du Bonnet, there is some fair sized timber consisting of spruce and poplar, while in the other four ranges the timber is very small and of no merchantable value. It consists chiefly of second growth, pitchpine, poplar and spruce. At the present time that portion of Winnipeg river lying to the south of this base is attracting considerable attention in connection with the development of water- power for the transmission of electrical energy to Winnipeg. At Point du Bois falls in township 15, range 14 and 15, the city of Winnipeg has called for tenders for the work in connection with the installation of a power plant to develop about twenty thousand horse-power. On Pinawa channel of Winnipeg river the Winnipeg Electric company have a large power plant in operation and for over a year have been trans- mitting electrical energy to Winnipeg, a distance of 3ome sixty or seventy miles. 156 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 During the past winter they have been improving their water supply by the construc- tion of a wing dam to divert a greater flow of water from the main stream into this channel. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, B. J. SAUNDERS, D.L.S. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 157 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 37. REPORT OF B. J. SAUNDERS. SURVEY IX THE PROVINCE OF MANITOBA. Edmonton, April 29, 1903. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour, in accordance with my instructions, dated August 23. 1907, to submit the following report on the survey of block outlines east of the prin- cipal meridian in the province of Manitoba, made the past fall and winter. Having engaged a packer, I shipped my horses and outfit from Edmonton to Winnipeg on September 26, via Canadian Northern railway; they arrived in Win- nipeg in due course and were transhipped via Canadian Pacific railway to Selkirk. Having organized my party in Winnipeg and purchased my supplies, I chartered the steamer Mikado to take the whole outfit from Selkirk to Fort Alexander, near the mouth of Winnipeg river, where we arrived on October 16. After obtaining permis- sion from the officer in charge of the Hudson Bay Company's post at Fort Alex- ander, camp was pitched on the company's reserve. The following day I began looking for the starting point of my survey at the northeast corner of township 18, range 8, east of the principal meridian, by going in almost directly west of the fort, but was unsuccessful in finding the objective point on account of the great difficulty in getting about in the deep water which covered the whole of the muskeg lying in that direction. Finally. I decided to go around by boat to Catfish creek, and follow that stream up to the Indian reserve boundary, and then go along this boundary and run a trial line into where I com- puted the northeast corner of township 18, range 8, should be found. This method proved successful, and the remains of the post marking this corner iwere duly located, also the bearing tree which witnessed the position of the post. Having obtained observations for time and azimuth, the work of running a meridian north was com- menced for the purpose of locating the northeast corner of township 19A, range 8, in accordance with your supplementary instructions of October 11. This line runs through fractional township 19, ranae 8. Fort Alexander Indian reserve, and across Traverse bay, at the mouth of Winnip?g river. By the time I got the triangulation made across Traverse bay, the weather had become very stormy, with prevailing high winds, alternating between southeast and northwest, but we were able to get some of our supplies moved down the east side of Lake Winnipeg as far as Black river Indian reserve, taking them down by sail- boat. From November 15 until near the end of the month we were practically tied up on account of climatic conditions. During this time, ice formed across Winnipeg river at Fort Alexander three times, and was broken twice by the winds and spells of mild weather. This interval was employed in building a stable for the use of our horses when coming to the fort for supplies during the winter, and in getting flat sleighs made, and generally preparing for the winter's work. On November 30, the ice in the river having become sufficiently strong to carry a man, work was resumed on the line, and on December 4. with two men, three horses and flat sleighs, I moved some supplies dwwn the lake about twelve miles from Fort 158 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Alexander, and on the following day moved camp to Spruce point, a little further down the lake shore. From this time on, the work progressed quite satisfactorily. The meridian outline was run between ranges 8 and 9, from township 19A to where this outline strikes the east shore of Lake Winnipeg, in township 26, also the sixth base was run east from this outline across range 9 east and west about half a mile to the shore of Lake Winnipeg in range 8. Similarly the seventh base was run across range 9, and west a little over four and three-quarters miles to the shore of Lake Winnipeg, in range 8. All the country traversed by these lines is practically flat, with the exception of that along the north half of the line through township 25. A few rocky ridges are met with on both base lines in range 8. These rocks belong to the Laurentian forma- tion and their general direction is northeast and southwest. The timber met with is mixed in variety and consists of spruce, tamarack, balsam, poplar, and birch with pitchpine on rocky ridges. Some elm and ash were noted at different points along the shore of the lake. The land is of rather poor quality, and is very wet on account of its being so flat and only about eight or twelve feet above the level of lake Winni- peg. It is not adapted to agricultural pursuits in its present condition. Fort Alexander is an old and important post of the Hudson's Bay company, having been established in the early days of the company. It is situated on the southwesterly or left bank of Winnipeg river about three miles up from its mouth. The company's reserve consists of some six hundred and fifty acres and is situated within the Fort Alexander Indian reserve. This Indian reserve extends along both sides of Winnipeg river, a distance of nearly ten miles from its mouth. There are two Church of England schools, and one Roman Catholic school on the reserve. The latter is a large and modern structure having accommodation for about one hundred and fifty children for both residence and tuition. Above Fort Alexander there is a farming settlement known as St. George settle- ment stretching along the river a distance of ten miles or more and as far up as Silver falls on Winnipeg river. At this falls it is proposed to develop water-power for generating electricity. There are also two sawmills near Fort Alexander and St. George, the surplus lumber manufactured being shipped to Selkirk by water during the period of navigation. In township 21 and 22, ranges 8 and 9, is situated Black River Indian reserve at the mouth of Black river. There is a Church of England mission school here. The Indians of this reserve, like those at Fort Alexander, find employment in fishing, cutting cord wood and railway ties and similar work. In township 25 the meridian outline between ranges 8 and 9 crosses the mouth of the Manigotagan or, as it is locally known, Bad Throat river. On this river there is a settlement also, but agricultural pursuits are not followed to any extent worthy of note. There is a large sawmill at Manigotagan belonging to the Lake Winnipeg Lumber company but nothing was being done last winter towards getting out logs for this summer's cut. The country around Manigotagan has been lumbered over quite extensively for some years. The meridian outline between ranges 8 and 9 crosses a number of small bays of Lake Winnipeg in townships 20, 21, 22 and 25, and intersects the lake shore again in township 26, where the line was discontinued as instructed. The production of this line will cross the northeast end of Black island, one of the largest in Lake Winnipeg. Opposite the end of the line, to the east, lies the mouth of Wanipigow, or as it is locally known, Hole river. Hole River Indian reserve is situated at the mouth of this river and the Hudson's Bay company has a trading post there. About half a mile east of the line at this point, there is a gold prospect which has been worked for some years, but on account of lack of capital not much progress has TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 159 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b been made. I have noticed recently from press reports that a company has been formed to thoroughly exploit this prospect. On Black island during the past winter work was being carried on in opening up an iron ore location. On Saturday March 15 we started back for Fort Alexander, arriving there the next afternoon. A halt was made for two days to straighten up business matters and to wait for the incoming mail, before proceeding to the fourth base line northeast of Whitemouth, where work was discontinued in December, 1906. We proceeded to Whitemouth by way of Lac du Bonnet station which was reached in two days by the winter road through St. George and up along Winnipeg river and Lac du Bonnet. From the latter point a timber road was taken across what is known as ' The Island ' lying between the two branches of Winnipeg river. We struck the main river again above the seven portages and having crossed over were able with some difficulty and danger to pick our way down along the shore ice to where we found a settler's trail a short distance above Whitemouth river. Whitemouth was reached on Saturday, February 22. A few days were spent here in getting supplies down from Winnipeg and in purchasing horse feed. On the following Friday the whole outfit was shipped by rail to Dagero station on the Cana- dian Pacific railway. From this station I took a contractor's road in to the Trans- continental railway line for a distance of five miles, and then followed down a small lake to the Cross lake waters. Proceeding down these waters a temporary camp was made near their junction with the waters coming from Whiteshell lake to the north. On March 4 the end of the fourth base line was located at the northeast corner of section 34, township 12, range 15 where its survey was discontinued in December, 1906. Having taken up the line it was produced east to the east boundary of Mani- toba, which it intersects just south of the forty-fifth mile post on that boundary as located by the Ontario and Manitoba boundary commission of 1897. Tbis intersec- tion is near the east side of range 17. The portion of the line surveyed in March is similar to that described in my former report on this line with the exception that more lakes are met with. As a matter of fact the whole country from range 15 to the Ontario-Manitoba boundary is a network of lakes. Moose and caribou are found in large numbers and in their season duck are very plentiful on account of the large fields of wild rice on and along the lakes. It has frequently struck me that a large portion of eastern Manitoba should be set aside as a park, forest and game preserve, for which purpose it is almost ideal, besides it is not adapted to agricultural pursuits. After the completion of the new Transcontinental railway it will be still more easily accessible and should become of great interest to people desiring to get away from the cares of business life for a holiday season. On March 29 we returned to Dagero, and having arranged for a car I shipped my horses and outfit to Winnipeg the next day. I had them transferred to the Canadian Northern railway at Winnipeg on March 31. On the whole, last winter was a favourable one for field work, and although we had a number of cold dips they were not of long duration. In conclusion I desire to express my thanks to the commissioner and officers of the Hudson's Bay company at Winnipeg and Fort Alexander for the assistance they gave me in every possible way, and I also must express the same feeling towards my assist- ant, Mr. G. W. MacLeod and several members of the party for their unflagging interest in the prosecution of the work. I have the honour to be, sir, Tour obedient servant, B. J. SAUNDEES, D.L.S. 160 DEPARTHEXT OF THE IXTERWR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 38. REPORT OF HENRY W. SELBY, D.L.S. SURVEYS IX NORTHERN ALBERTA. Toronto. January 31, 1908. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the survey of township outlines, and the subdivision of lands situated at the west end of Lesser Slave lake, which has been done in accordance with your instructions, dated February 26, 1907. Upon receipt of these, the necessary supplies were ordered by telegraph and sent in on the ice. On April 25 I left for Edmonton, where my party was organized. We arrived at Athabaska Landing on May 14 in time to take the first York boat on Atha- baska river for Lesser Slave lake. We arrived at the lake on May 22, but could not cross it as the ice had not yet broken up. The boat was unloaded there, and went back to Athabaska Landing for another load. Teams and wagons were engaged to trans- port the party and baggage around the north shore of the lake, rather than await the return of the York boat. This, owing to the low stage of the water, is not at all diffi- cult to do, as the beach is wide, and with the exception of about ten miles of boulders is good for travelling with waggons, but it is bad for that ten miles and it cannot be avoided, until a road is cut through the woods along the shore. This, it is expected, "will be done during the next year by the provincial authorities. It may be stated here that prospective settlers and others may, during the time of high water in the rivers (usually about two to three months) take passage by steamer at Athabska Landing to the mouth of Lesser Slave river, thence by wagon road to the head of the rapids, about twenty miles, where another steamer can be taken to the west end of Lesser Slave lake, by this means making the trip in three days, which ordinarily takes from eight to ten days. Contractors are now putting in wing-dams on Lesser Slave river. A dredge was at work all fall until ice formed, and it is expected it will continue next spring, to deepen the channel where necessary, so that steamers may go up the rapids, and, without breaking bulk, deliver their load at its destination. If this can be done, it will be a great convenience to those who are obliged to make this journey. Ths 6eason for surveying being considerably longer than for navigation renders this means of transportation of little value to the surveyor. A ferry has been put in across the Athabaska river at Athabaska Landing, and a wagon road cut out from the ferry landing to Moose portage, where it connects with the road cut by me in the spring of 1904 to Lesser Slave lake, and from the east end of the lake, a proposed road has been blazed around the north shore, to avoid the boulder strewn beach. This follows the beach, when the travelling is good to Lesser Slake lake, and the Peace river road, so that it will be quite possible to travel by wagon from Edmonton to Dunvegan, without encountering insurmountable difficulties. Those of us who have seen this gradual development look upon the task of getting into the Peace river country now as quite an easy one for light loads. The building of the railroad from Edmonton to the Pacific coast via Sturgeon lake and Grande prairie, the contract for which is reported to have been awarded, will make some difference in the cost of freighting supplies. At present freight costs $3.25 per 100 lbs. from Edmonton to the west end of Lesser Slave lake, and at the season when roads are bad TOPOGRAPHICAL, SURVEYS BRANCH 161 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b from Sturgeon lake to Lesser Slave lake it costs $3 per 100 lbs. and the same from Lesser Slave lake to Peace river landing, a distance of about 90 miles over a road on which, many thousands of dollars have been spent. The traffic over those roads is largely composed of heavily loaded wagons, which cut into the newly made road of clay from large portions of which the sun's rays are excluded by the dense growth of timber on each side. It is noticed that upon such portions of the road where the sun's influence Is felt, the clay hardens, and it is not so easily cut up, once it gets dried out in the spring. Freight rates are regulated by the quantity hauled per team and the time occupied in making the trip; consequently the condition of the road is the prime factor in fixing freight rates, on a dry season the rate being little more than half that on a wet or rainy season. Last summer it took me two and a half days to move my outfit over a road, which when dry can be travelled easily in one day, and both man and beast are in better heart at the end of the shorter period. Arriving on May 27 at the warehouse near the Hudson's Bay company's post, where my supplies had been cached, I delayed only long enough to check over and re-pile these, get the outfit in order, axes hung and ground, and other needed repairs made, and on the 29th moved into township 75, range 14 west of the fifth meridian. The timber is in belts of quite heavy spruce and poplar, but this is being cut every year and made into lumber, and fire has over run these cut-over areas, leaving them much easier to clear. There is no reason why this land should not be soon occupied, adjoining as it does a large settlement where the timber is required for building purposes, a wagon road cutting across it to shorten the distance around Shaw's point, and the soil being excellent for farming purposes and lying with a gradual descent towards the lake. Although there are no hay lands, except on the west boundary, still hay is found in townships 75 and 76, range 15, which is sufficient for a large population for many years. Portions of townships 77, ranges 15 and 16, were subdivided because the Peace river road furnishes access to them, and when cleared of the light timber they will make beautiful farms. These sections are well supplied with good water, and the prairie spots seen furnish abundance of hay and vegetation. Townships 74 and 75, range 15, have large areas of prairie, and several settlers have made small improvements. Wheat, oats, barley, potatoes and other vegetables were grown this year, and although there had been a great deal of injury from frost throughout the Northwest, still very little harm had been done here. The main roads from Lesser Slave lake to Sturgeon lake pass through these townships, and the timber being small when found alongside of them, they are gener- ally good. No public money has been used to open these roads, but when a little can be obtained for culverts, bridges and draining water holes, settlers will have little difficulty in reaching the objective points, Lesser Slave La&e post office and the half dozen stores, blacksmith shops, churches, &c. The large number of cattle and horses seen throughout this country, invariably in good condition, goes to prove that, with foresight enough to provide for a severe winter, should it come, stock-raising should be profitable. Township 74, range 14, is composed mainly of timbered land, the trees generally being of small size and not standing very thick. The soil is black loam on clay, and evidences its fertility by the thick growth of grass among the trees and willow bunches. A slight descent towards the north and the climatic influence of a large body of water alongside of it should make this, when cultivated, a fine agricultural area. A wagon road from Lesser Slave Lake post office crosses the lake at a ford* near Willow point. This ford permits of a wagon being drawn across empty, a canoe or boat being used to convey the load over. I was informed before leaving this work that the provincial authori- ties contemplate building a bridge across the lake at this point, which will be a great convenience, and which has now become a necessity. After' leaving the ford the 25b— 11 162 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 road follows the beach easterly and southerly, crossing a creek near its mouth, where the water is 75 feet wide and from one to two feet deep, and a smaller creek about a mile farther on, where the water is about a chain wide and nine inches deep, the bottom being- good in both cases. Neither of these creeks has much water in it over a mile up from the shore, where in the event of the water of the lake rising and covering the beach a rond could be easily made. The width of the creeks being so much less, only small bridges need be built. The road follows the beach, except at a few points where the shore is rough with boulders, easterly to Driftpile Indian reserve, where it runs inland and still easterly to Swan river. Several settlers who have located near the nineteenth base line in range 10 use this road to get to the post office and stores. There is also a wagon road running southerly through town- ship 74. range 14, leaving the lake shore in section 14, which I travelled to the nine- teenth base line, and found fairly good that far. It is cut through to Edmonton. At least I was told so by a settler named Beaudry. who drove to that place in Octo- ber, but on account of having cattle to bring back in November, came around by Athabaska Landing and Lesser Slave river, where he could get hay to feed his cattle. Several parties came into the lake by this road, but all agree that it is very hilly and requires a good deal of fixing, numbers of trees having to be cut out of the way, and it has the further disadvantage of scarcity of feeding grounds for stock. My operations in the field were concluded on November 8, when the outfit was stored with the Hudson's Bay company, at Lesser Slave lake. Two teams and wagons were engaged to take the party and baggage to Edmonton, going by the north shore of the lake and by the new road to Athabaska Landing, where we arrived on the 21st. The ferry had been taken out of the river to avoid, the running ice, so we had to have a York boat put in to cross the teams and wagons. A few days later we arrived in Edmonton, where the party was paid off. I then left for Toronto, where I arrived on December 4. From the foregoing remarks it will be noted that the country surveyed under your instructions is all suitable for present occupation by the farmer and stockraiser. The settlers will find very little difficulty in reaching any part of it, and the climatic conditions are such that mixed farming can be profitably engaged in provided the seed is grown in the country and is planted as early as it is possible to get it in the ground. The past season was very cold, a great deal of rain fell, and frosty nights occurred every month; still, very little damage to crops was spoken of. The only farmer who had threshed before I left the lake told me his oats weighed 44 pounds to the bushel, and seven acres yielded 600 bushels, and the potatoes on less than an acre returned over $200. Drift coal is found in many places on the lake shore and in the main streams, indicating the presence of seams underlying the district, but the quality can scarcely be judged from samples seen. Rolling stone is found in township 75, range 14, but no rock in place, such as would make a quarry. Many intending settlers have visited the country, some locat- ing and others going out, intending to return when the facilities for getting in are improved, and with the prospect of a railway to carry their produce to market. I met two settlers, who have located at Swan river who told me there were eleven in their party ready to locate now and that in the spring as many more would come to take up land. The scarcity of game within the territory in which my surveys were made is no doubt caused by the constant movement of the Indians and half-breeds who, with their horses and cattle, are moving about for food, and if a moose or deer happens to stray into the vicinity, it is at once hunted down. Lesser Slave lake whitefish make excel- lent food. Two years ago they were shipped to the Atlantic coast for the hotel trade and because of their good quality they were called Lake Superior whitefish. Indians catch tons of them for their own use and for dog food in the winter. This was more TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 163 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b particularly so the past year as the rabbit, the Indian's daily food, is practically extinct. Ducks and geese are plentiful on the lake in the late fall, but there are no feeding grounds about the lake so that only a few remain through the summer. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, HENRY W. SELBY, D.L.S. 25b— 11$ 164 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 39. REPORT OF C. C. SMITH, D.L.S. SURVEYS IN SOUTHWESTERN ALBERTA. Brampton, Ont., March 9, 1908. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honoiir to submit the following report on the surveys performed by me during the past season in southwestern Alberta. In accordance with your instructions, I proceeded, on May 1, to Moosejaw, where C. F. Miles, D.L.S. , was to deliver over to me the survey outfit used the previous season by Mr. Warren. My outfit arrived in Moosejaw on May 6, and the following day I loaded a car and started to Macleod. On May 10 I arrived in Maeleod and proceeded to engage men and complete my outfit. I found very great difficulty in getting good men. However I got a sufficient number of men to begin work with and started on May 13, for township 10, range 29. west of the fourth meridian. The trail from Macleod to Porcupine hills passes through a splendid ranching country, but along all the coulees were scattered the cattle which had perished during the winter and spring. It was a 6evere blow to the old method of ranching. The inrush of settlers and the consequent fencing of the ranges is fast driving the ranchers from the prairies. The ranges are becoming small. Twenty years ago, so I was told by the manager of the Walrond, cattle ranged from the Gap in the Livingstone mountains to Macleod, a distance of fifty miles; now they are confined to the land owned by the New Walrond company around Callum creek and Oldman river. The country will in a few years, probably raise more cattle on the farms than were raised on the large ranches, for the cowboy romance and the great spring and fall roundups of the oldtime ranchers, are fast being replaced by the more prosaic but more econo- mical methods of the farmers. In August when I came back over this trail I was astonished at the rapidity of the transformation; many houses had been built, and in many places I had to leave the trail where a wire fence cut it off and follow the fence to the proper road allowance. Having camped on Five Mile creek I began the subdivision of township 10, range 29, at the northeast corner of section 3. I found that the meridian through this corner had been run so I proceeded to the survey of the remainder of the township. The old surveys in many of the townships in this hilly country seem to be rather irregular. This is due I think to the fact that the surveyors tried to chain accurately by breaking chain. In a very hilly country this is impossible for the ordinary chainman. While at the Crowsnest I lost my clinometer, and while awaiting another, chainmen chained three miles with the utmost care, using a short chain. When my clinometer arrived I chained the three miles (which I had not yet mounded) and found half miles chained with the short chain to be short from 10 to 40 links. Porcupine hills, an exceedinly rough range, run through the southwesterly part of township 10, range 29. The northerly and easterly parts of the township are well adapted to farming and ranching. Almost every quarter section is well watered by fine spring creeks. The valleys have a fine fertile soil, and grain, roots and vegetables grow and ripen well. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 165 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b On June 17, I finished the subdivision of township 10, range 29, and moved over a very rough trail into township 9, range 30. The southerly part of this township is [Covered by an Indian reserve. I ran the meridians south from the north boundary of the township and ran a random line along the north boundary of the reserve to locate, if possible, the monuments placed in the survey of that boundary. Some of these monuments I could not find and some I found were so far from the places shown in -the notes of the survey that I decided to defer the completion of the subdivision until I got further instructions from you. While at these surveys and at subsequent surveys, I investigated the necessity of subdividing the remaining portions of townships 10 and 11, range 1, west of the fifth meridian. These portions are in Porcupine hills, are generally heavily wooded and at 1ihat time there was no urgent necessity for immediate survey of all the remaining por- tions. However, there are some good coulees running into the hills, and it would seem well to complete the subdivision of the townships when the quarters affected by these coulees are being surveyed. Many excellent homesteads in this district await suit- able settlers. There is much good building timber in Porcupine hills, springs of beau- tiful water are plentiful, the valleys have a deep rich loam that is easily worked and the good creeks in the valleys would furnish easy and inexpensive means of irri- gation if that were necessary or desirable. It is very necessary, however, that the government should take some means of preserving the timber. My next work was in township 10, range 2, west of the fifth meridian. The rougher parts of this township had been left and it was these that I was completing. However, most of it was good grazing and farming land. Much of township 11, range 2, is cut by very high hills, but along the coulees there is some land well adapted to farming and grazing. On July 16 I began the survey of the south boundary of township 11, range 3. This line afforded sufficient difficulties to satisfy a surveyor for a whole season. The line crossed Oldman river five times within three miles. The velocity of the current, swollen by the late spring thaw and by summer rains, was such as to prevent our cross- ing otherwise than by horses. At the Gap, the south boundary of this township crosses the Livingstone moun- tains, where it is impossible to climb so we had to run a traverse along the foot of the cliff forming the side of the Gap. On joining the traverse to the southeast boundary of section 6, I found a considerable discrepancy between my distance and the theoretic distance, so in re-running the line I made another traverse through the Gap. This confirmed my previous measurements. While at these surveys we saw a number of seams of good coal. No doubt a railway will soon be constructed to this place, and the country will become very productive. Frequent showers were the only phase of the climate that was at all disagreeable, and these happened almost daily. At your suggestion I arranged to proceed to the surveys at Crowsnest before the season was too far advanced. We found a good wagon road along the valley of the middle fork through Frank, Blairmore and Coleman as far as the easterly end of Crowsnest lake. From here we had to take an old construction road, which many told us was impassable, to the westerly end of the lake. In townships 7 and 8, ranges 5 and 6, we were engaged in subdivision work, and in running a connecting traverse to the Crowsnest coal area. My experience in the Gap had confirmed my opinion that wherever a man can possibly climb it saves time and is more satisfactory to run the line straight than to traverse; hence, except the east boundary of section 6, township 8, range 5, I ran all the lines straight over the mountains, though it necessitated some very difficult work. In connection with this subdivision, it was necessary to traverse the height of land forming the boundary between British Columbia and Alberta. This was an easy matter where the watershed was narrow, and well defined as was generally the case. In one place we found a spring forming a pool from which a stream flowed from the western side down to Michel creek and on to the Pacific, while another little stream flowed from the easterly side down to Crowsnest lake and thence on to the 166 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Arctic. But in many places the watershed develops into heavily wooded plateaus. In the northerly part of township 8, range 6, there was a basin-shaped area at the water- shed. To determine the position of the watershed we had to run many lines of levels. There seems to be a necessity for having the boundary permanently marked. This boundary had evidently been traversed before, and while, so far as I can tell, my tra- verse agreed with the previous one as to the position of the watershed, there were apparently some small differences and it would be impossible in many places for a settler or prospector to tell upon which side of the boundary he was. While engaged at this work we had a three days' snowstorm which delayed work somewhat. The snow melted off the trees very slowly and for several days we were drenched to the skin from morning until night with ice cold water. However, after- wards we had ideal weather. On receiving your telegram instructing me to proceed to the survey of Grassy Lake townsite, I loaded the outfit on a car at Crowsnest and arrived at Grassy Lake on October 19. Grassy Lake is most inappropriately named as there is no lake within miles and at the time we were there very little grass was to be seen. There is, how- ever, plenty of good farming land around, settled for the most part by industrious and progressive Americans from Utah, and there is coal in abundance, so that Grassy Lake seems destined to become a good town. To the north of the Canadian Pacific right-of-way, Messrs. Cherry and Driggs had already opened a large store and were engaged in mining operations. On receipt of your instructions I proceeded to inves- tigate and correct an error in the position of a quarter section post in township 10, range 22, west of the fourth meridian. The season being now too far advanced to permit my returning to the mountains to complete the work there I arranged for wintering the horses and storing the outfit and paid off my party in Lethbridge. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, C. C. SMITH, D.L.S. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 167 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 40. REPORT OF A. G. STACET, D.L.S. SURVEYS IN" THE RAILWAY BELT, KAMLOOPS DISTRICT, BRITISH COLUMBIA. Little Britain, Ont., March 10, 1908. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following general report on my survey operations in the Kamloops district. British Columbia, during the season of 1907. On April 26, I left Ottawa for Kamloops, British Columbia, where I met Mr. J. E. Ross, D.L.S. , with whom I arranged a division of the work lying within the Kam- loops district. It was decided that Mr. Ross would undertake the surveys to the east of Kamloops, while I devoted my attention to those townships lying to the west of the city. A week was spent at Kamloops in organizing the party and outfitting for the season's operations. In this task I was most generously assisted by Mr. Ross, who had had considerable experience in the work, and was thoroughly acquainted with local conditions. It was considered advisable not to purchase any transport outfit, but to hire such services as they were required. On May 13, we left Kamloops, a party of seven, for our first camp on the left bank of Thompson river in township 20, range 18, west of the sixth meridian. Selecting what appeared to be a desirable location, we pitched camp on what after- wards proved to be an island separated from the mainland durirg high water by a narrow channel which, at that time, was perfectly dry. The water rose so rapidly that in four days' time we were forced to wade the channel through two feet of water and transfer our camp outfit to higher and safer quarters. The work in this town- ship consisted, for the most part, in attempting to locate the boundaries of old pro- vincial lots, and to connect them with the section lines of the Dominion lands system. The results of such work are likely to prove unsatisfactory both to the department and to the surveyor in charge. Where the corners of lots were originally marked with wooden posts and stone monuments they can usually be located with little difficulty; but where the positions were defined only by wooden posts driven a few inches into the ground, it is often impossible to locate the original corners. This is particularly true in the case of lot corners situated within or near the right-of-way of the Canadian Pacific railway. The company seems to have exercised no care whatever in the preservation of survey marks, almost every monument placed in the immediate vicinity of its premises being utterly destroyed, either during the con- struction days or by fires kindled by the company's employees at various times since then. A most thorough search for the different corners of the various lots mentioned in the instructions was made, and while in several cases the search proved futile, I believe a sufficient number of points have been located to enable the draughtsman to place the lots in their correct positions with reference to the section lines. In any event, the best information that can be gained by a careful survey of the ground has been obtained. Some of the old section line surveys in the southern part of the township seem to have been very carelessly performed. More retracing of lines affecting the closing of blocks in which we worked could have been made to advantage, though it is diffi- 168 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 cult to estimate where tills retracement would cease if satisfactory results are to be obtained. Owing to the number and urgency of other surveys demanding attention, 1 decided to leave further retracements for some later date. The work being located near Kamloops can easily be attended to by Mr. Ross at his convenience. Quarterseetion monuments were found on the east boundaries of sections 8 and 9, though the department seems to have no record of such. These may have been located from a traverse of the boundaries of lot 443. They were left undisturbed, the lines joining them with the section corners to the south being retraced in both cases. We were fortunate in securing the use of a small gasolene launch for crossing and re-crossing the river while at work on the north side. On the forenoon of May 30 the party, with. the addition of another member, moved by launch to Savonas, a small town at the mouth of Kamloops lake. From Savonas a good wagon road leads southward up Threemile creek valley to the divide between Thompson and Nicola rivers, thence, following Guichon creek, leads into Nicola valley. A thirteen mile drive up this road brought us to the crossing of Threemile creek, where we encamped for subdivision work in township 19, range 21. In this township some heavy timber was encountered, especially in the eastern tier of sections, where the progress of the work suffered for want of additional axemen. I endeavoured, my mail, to secure temporarily the services of two more men, but the effort was unavailing. In consequence, the survey of 26 miles of section lines and four miles of traverse kept us employed continuously from May 31 to July 17. The eleva- tion here is about 4,000 feet above sea level; the nights were invariably cool, and the not too excessive heat of the day was relieved by frequent thunderstorms. The location is, in many respects, ideal for the prosecution of survey work during mid- summer months. From this plateau we moved to the southern shore of Kamloops lake about three miles west of Cherry Creek station in township 20, range 20. After running a few miles of section lines and locating such corners of lots 407 and 417 as could be found, we proceeded to make certain cheek and triangulation surveys in the vicinity of Kam- loops lake, in accordance with instructions under date of June 3, 1907. The disagree- ment between the surveys on the opposite shores of the lake was pretty thoroughly checked by means of five distinct triangulations and a number of connecting traverses joining together the different surveys made along the northern shore. Through these ranges telegraph poles were used almost exclusively as reference marks for Canadian Pacific traverse stations, and as the original poles have long since been replaced by new ones the stations are lost. Fnding it impossible to tie the surveys to Canadian Pacific traverse stations, connection was made with section and quarter section monu- ments near the railway, many of which were doubtless established directly from Canadian Pacific traverse stations. Near the township line between ranges 20 and 21 a pine tree used as a reference mark, for a Canadian Pacific traverse station, was noted and the survey tied thereto. The results of this work indicate that throughout range 19 and the eastern half of range 20 the monuments on the north side of the lake are approximately 3 chains too far south, while those in the western half of range 20 are approximately 6 chains too far north. An error was found in the position of the monument marking the northeast corner of section 27 in township 20, range 19. It is 1 -71 chains too far north to agree with the positions of the monuments immediately to the west and was found by Mr. Ross to be about 2-50 chains too far north to correspond with the positions of the monuments to the east. Another error was located in retracing the survey lines about the southeast quarter of section 14 in township 21, range 21. The west boundary of this quarter section was found to be one chain short and the north boundary 2 -73 chains short of the theoretical lengths. These errors were corrected, new monuments erected and section lines run connecting this survey with that in range TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 169 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b 20. With the exception of these errors, the old survey lines on the northern shore of the lake would seem, from the retracement, to have been surveyed with unusual accuracy both as to alignment and measurement. Unfortunately the opposite seems to have been the case with many of the early surveys made along the southern shore. For this work we hired the use of a fairly good skiff, which proved a great con- venience in travelling to and from camp while working along the northern shore, where the surface of the country is extremely rough. For crossing the lake a boat of some kind was a necessity. Though we shifted camp no less than three times we were frequently obliged to work at considerable distance from headquarters, entailing much loss of time and energy. This, however, seemed unavoidable owing to the scattered and irregular nature of the surveys. The members of the party seemed less con- cerned with the hardships and inconvenience of the situation than with the danger constantly occasioned by the presence of the deadly rattlesnake. Fortunately none of the party were bitten though a number of these reptiles were encountered. In making the survey of section 36, township 20, range 22 a quarter section monument of which the department had apparently no record, was discovered on the east boundary of section 35. It was presumably established from the Canadian Pacific traverse survey. The monument was renewed and the section line extended therefrom. The old witness monument on the east boundary of section 36 being lost, a new one was erected. On August 27 we made our first move by rail, from Savonas to Semlin, a railway siding in township 21, range 23. There being no trail on the south side of the river it was impossible to secure a conveyance for transferring the outfit and supplies to the nearest camping ground on the bank of the river about one-third of a mile dis- tant. It was therefore necessary to resort to the laborious process of packing the entire outfit on our backs; an interesting experience repeated some eleven days later when again breaking camp. In this township an old witness post and cairn were found near the northeast corner of section 11 on the left bank of Thompson river. The post had no distance marked on it. As this corner was also witnessed by a monu- ment on the right bank of the river it seemed a case of duplicate marking for the same corner. Some subdivision surveys having been made on the north side I decided to destroy the witness monument placed on the south side and leave the corner as located from the north in agreement with these surveys. There is no cross- ing of the river in this vicinity, so a member of the party was sent around by way of Asheroft to locate this witness monument, but failed to find any traoe of it. The corner was consequently re-established from the witness monument marking the quarter section corner on the east boundary of section 14. Upon producing south- ward the section line thus defined another monument was found for the quarter sec- tion corner on the east boundary of section 11. This I also destroyed and erected a new one in agreement with the monuments established on the section line farther north. The northeast corner of section 6 was also re-established from the north, the original monument having been destroyed. A wooden post and stone mound was found marking the northeast corner of township 20, range 24. Though its position does not agree with the surveys in township 21, range 23, the monument was left undisturbed, and the line joining it to the quarter section monument to the north was retraced. The lands affected by this disagreement are not very valuable and hence there is no urgent need for readjustment. From the various cases cited above, it would seem that a consierable number of section and quarter section corners, convenient to the railway, were established some years ago, probably from Canadian Pacific traverse stations, but that no record of such monuments was furnished the department. When in the extension of the subdivision surveys, these unrecorded monuments are met with, the surveyor must either recognize them and leave all the discrepancies of the survey in the closing or destroy the monu- ments and erect new ones in accordance with his own survey. The surveyor must, in each case, after carefully considering local conditions, depend upon his own judgment 170 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 in deciding which course he is to pursue. Complications are apt to arise in the case of witness monuments for corners falling within the bed of the river, as the surveyor making the subdivision on the north side of the river is not likely to discover witness monuments placed on the south side, and hence duplicate markings result. After travelling by train to Ashcroft and making the surveys required in town- ship 20, range 24, we moved to township 29, range 23, and made sufficient subdivision surveys to cover all the desirable land in that township. The road leading from Ash- croft to this plateau is very winding with an exceedingly heavy grade. Despite the fact that the roadbed was hard and smooth, four good horses found difficulty in haul- ing up the outfit, the outfit weighing probably less than a ton. On September 26 we moved into Ashcroft, purchased additional supplies and the same day drove seventeen miles up the Cariboo trail to the correction line between townships 22 and 23, in range 25. In performing the surveys required in these town- ships, we were careful to connect with the corners of all lots and surveyed mineral claims affecting the lands being surveyed. It is possible that in one or two cases con- necting traverses were made which were not absolutely necessary, but in the absence of positive information that such work had previously been performed by another sur- veyor, it was deemed advisable to make the connections. In most cases, where section lines intersected the boundaries of lots and surveyed mining locations, monuments were placed at the intersections. The work in township 23 brought us within one mile of the limit of the railway belt. We produced the section line another mile and placed a monument on the limit which is not surveyed through this township. The work in township 22, range 26, was attended to next. While camped there three of the party made a flying camp to township 20, range 26, up the Hat creek road and connected lot 1072 with the Dominion lands system. In order to furnish the agent of Dominion lands with some additional information concerning this lot, I retraced all the boundaries thereof and made complete topographical notes of the adja- cent lands and improvements. On October 31 we moved by wagon into Ashcroft and secured transportation to Spcnce bridge on the first local freight passing southward. The same evening we moved across the river and some three miles up country, where we were generously accorded the use of a vacant house while working in township 17, range 25. The branch line of the Canadian Pacific railway up the Nicola valley afforded easy means of transportation to township 15, range 23. The wooden post placed at the southeast corner of lot 566 in this township has been washed away by Nicola river, which at that point has encroached considerably upon the lands situated on the right bank. Connection was made with bearing trees at the northeast corner of this lot, with other lots previously connected with lot 566 and with the northeast corner of the Lower Nicola Indian reserve, number 10. In order to reach the Skuhun creek valley we ran east across the north boundary of section 10, thence due north three miles over the divide between Nicola river and Skuhun creek valleys. At this point the divide reaches an altitude of 2,500 feet above Nicola river and the ascent from either valley is steep and difficult, though fortunately no inaccessible barriers were encountered. A squatter in section 26 has constructed a wagon road from the mouth of Skuhun creek to within two miles of his cabin. By travelling down the Nicola valley to the Indian village at the mouth of the creek and following this newly constructed road up the valley, the outfit was brought by wagon to our new camping ground in section 27. In this valley section lines were run west as far as the Indian reserve and north and east to the limit of the railway belt effect- ing a closing at the northeast corner of section 1, in township 16, range 22. For the completion of this work one more camp shift was necessary, and for the first time dur- ing the season's operations pack-horses were employed. It was intended, while in this valley, to extend the surveys so as to include some meadows lying approximately in sections 34 and 35, township 15, range 22, but owing to the scarcity of provisions in steck, the severity of the weather, the depth of the snow and the difficulty experienced TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAXCB 171 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b in securing pack-horses under such unfavourable conditions, we were unable to do so. The elevation here is about 7,000 feet, above sea level, the snow was already fifteen inches deep and the weather decidedly cold. In the entire valley there are but two 6ettlers located, neither of whom has made improvements of much value. It would seem, therefore, that further surveys are not particularly urgent, especially as the land best suited for settlement lies sis miles beyond the upper termination of the wagon road, the only means of access being an Indian pack trail. From the section lines established subdivision lines can be projected as required to meet future demands. On December 19, an Indian packing outfit brought the party down the Skuhun Creek valley to Clapperton, a station on the Nicola branch of the Canadian Pacific railway where we boarded the local train for Spenoe Bridge the same evening. Here the party was discharged with the exception of the assistant who accompanied me to Lytton on the following day, where I met the agent of Dominion lands and discussed with him the surveys to be made at that point. The work in Lytton was completed on the evening of December 25. The next morning we reached Kamloops, where the assistant was released, the outfit stored and all necessary arrangements completed for the closing of the season's field operations. In the performance of the season's work every reasonable precaution to secure accuracy was observed. The alignment was checked by frequent astronomical obser- vations and the measurements carefully rechained except in a few cases of closed surveys where no further check was considered necessary. In the early part of the season solar observations were used exclusively. During the long days in June satis- factory stellar observations, with a glass diaphragm, could not be obtained until late in the afternoon, and as camp was usually some miles distant the solar observations were more convenient. During the latter part of the season observations were made on polaris. A sidereal watch, corrected by observing the transit of time stars, was used for noting the time. As a rule, at least two observations were taken at each observation station to guard against possible errors in recording vernier readings. The measurements were made with a five-chain steel tape and a clinometer. The surveys were scattered and irregular, constantly necessitating the starting of new lines. Old surveys had to be connected or retraced, doubtful monuments investi- gated, fresh obstacles due to the mountainous character of the country almost daily surmounted, in all of which the closest personal supervision of the surveyor was re- quired. The valley lands, being the most valuable, were surveyed many years ago and the lines gradually extended up the hillsides, with the result that the surveyor has now to climb to an elevation varying from 500 to 2,000 feet above the camp in the valley in order to reach the lines be is projecting. The devotee of the strenuous life need seek no more congenial field than that enjoyed by the surveyor in charge of a party performing miscellaneous surveys in the Kamloops district. All necessary supplies can be secured at any of the small towns along the railway, though the cost of provisions and camp equipage is much greater here than at either Vancouver or Winnipeg. This financial disadvantage to the surveyor is, to a certain extent, compensated for in the enjoyment of a fairly good mail service and other con- veniences consequent upon the proximity of the railway, so often denied other mem- bers of the fraternity in the pursuit of their profession. The city of Kamloops with a population of about 2,500 is the most important centre in this district. It is a progressive little city operating its own water works and electric lighting systems. As a divisional point of the Canadian Pacific railway and a distributing centre for the north Thompson valley and the ranching country to the south it is the scene of considerable commercial activity. A court house, provin- cial asylum and hospital are located here. Ashcroft, a town of five hundred inhabi- tants, is the gateway of the Cariboo country to the north. From here great freight wagons drawn by eight and ten-horse teams and laden with tons of supplies leave for 172 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 their tedious journey of two hundred and fifty miles into the interior. A splendid stage service with headquarters at Ashcroft forwards the mail and provides accom- modation for the travelling public. This busy little town is supported partly by the forwarding industry, though there is also a considerable local trade. Savonas and Spence Bridge are small railway towns forming supply stations for sparsely settled ranching districts. This district boasts of a delightful climate. After traversing nearly one thou- sand miles of bleak, frozen prairie with scarcely a green blade to give promise of the approaching spring we were ushered through the gate of the Rocky mountains, past the magnificent scenery of the Selkirk range and down the western slope into the smiling valleys of the interior, already richly clothed in nature's verdant garb. Vege- tation here is several weeks in advance of that in either Ontario or the prairie pro- vinces. The long summer season is usually very dry and the air clear and invigor- ating especially in the Thompson river valley, which is becoming a favourite health re- sort for sufferers from pulmonary trouble. The autumn weather is ideal, warm, bright and cool, cloudless nights following each other with almost monotonous regularity throughout the greater part of the season. The winters are short and cold with a light snowfall in the valleys. Peach orchards, vineyards, &c, rarely suffer from the severity of the climate. Leaving the river valleys and ascending the hills a gradual yet very preceptible change in climate is experienced. As the elevation increases, the temperature lowers, summer frosts become frequent, rendering the cultivation of vege- tables and cereals impossible, the precipitation increases and the winters lengthen. In the valleys of the Thompson river and of its larger tributaries, Bonaparte and Nicola rivers, the country is largely prairie dotted with small scattered pine and fir. The nutritious bunch grass, which at one time covered these ranges, furnishing ideal pasturage, has disappeared and in its stead flourishes, in many places, the worthless and unsightly sage brush. The sparse growth of other grasses gives the country a somewhat barren appearance, though herds feeding on these grounds look remarkably well. Where irrigation is employed, the soil proves very productive. Back from the valleys the hills furnish good grazing lands for the summer months. Though there are open patches on some of the plateaus, the country is mostly covered with a forest of bullpine and fir. The former makes very good lumber for ordinary uses. The latter is largely manufactured into square timber, being strong and durable, though it does not produce a good quality of lumber. Many of these forests would be valuable lumber- ing centres, were it not for the difficulty of getting the logs to some navigable stream. Sawmills are at present in operation at both Kamloops and Savonas, though the lum- bering industry has not assumed very large proportions in this district, Some of the plateaus are covered with banksian pine which is of little value, except for fuel. These forests support a luxuriant growth of grass and are usually free from under- brush. The cattle, however, much prefer the shorter grass of the more open patches and resort to the timber pastures only when the other fails or the weather proves too severe in the open. The lakes on these plateaus are almost invariably alkaline, though fresh water of excellent quality is found in almost every stream. Cattle ranching has been, and still is, the chief industry. Such rich bottom lands as could be easily irrigated were secured by early settlers engaged in this industry. These holdings yield two crops of hay during a season, furnishing winter provender for herds which, during the summer months, roam at will over the neighbouring hills. Another industry of some promise, attracting increasing interest during recent -. is the cultivation of fruits and vegetables. In various places throughout the valley of Thompson river small areas have already been given over to the cultivation of these products, with most gratifying results. The character of the climate, combined with the richness of the soil, when properly irrigated, furnishes a product absolutely unexcelled in quality. Exhibitors from this valley have carried off the highest awards at international exhibitions on both sides of the Atlantic. An excellent home market TOPOGRAPHIC Ah SURVEYS BRANCH 173 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b for these products helps to make the industry a very profitable one. The returns from this kind of farming are so great in comparison with the returns being at pesent real- ized that the early abandonment of cattle ranching in favour of the cultivation of fruits and vegetables seems inevitable. This would provide accommodation for a much greater population than the valley now supports, and would undoubtedly have the effect of directing more immigration to these parts. Promoters of this industry are already securing possession of some of the most valuable holdings. Meadows in higher alti- tudes could be utilized by those engaged in cattle ranching, so that this industry need suffer little more than the inconvenience of being driven farther from the railway. This district is undoubtedly rich in minerals, though the mines have been little developed as yet. Low grade ores predominate. Capital is required both for the work- ing of the mines and the erection of smelters for treating the ores. Copper is the min- eral most in evidence. Good government roads have been constructed through the valleys of the different tributaries of Thompson river. Heavy grades are often unavoidable, but the roadbed is usually solid and kept in good repair. In early summer, many of these highways, following the innumerable windings of the picturesque mountain streams as they noisily tumble from their dizzy sources to the stately river below, through valleys rich in scenic grandeur and heavy with the prefume of wild roses blooming in gorgeous profusion on every hand, are beautiful beyond description. One of the noticeable features of the Pacific province is the cosmopolitan char- acter of its inhabitants. Chinese, Japanese, Hindoos, native Siwashes, English immi- grants and Canadian bred citizens, constitute the chief elements in this confusion of races. Institutions sacredly guarded in eastern Canada receive little consideration from many of these people. The problem of the unassimilative elements is everywhere confronted and has already become the peculiar possession of the western statesmen. In conclusion I wish to express my appreciation of the splendid services rendered the party by my assistant, Orville Eolfson, B.A.Sc, of "Walkerville, Ontario, and by W. G. McElhannc,), B.A., of Vancouver, B.C., who served in the capacity of articled pupil. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, A. G. STACEY, D.L.8. 174 DEPARTilEST OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 APPENDIX No. 41. REPORT OF W. THIBAUDEAU, C.E. INVESTIGATION- OF WATER POWER OX WINNIPEG RIVER. Ottawa, March 24, 1908. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D., Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — In accordance with your instructions, dated JuJy 29, 1907, re preliminary investigation of the water-powers on Winnipeg river, Manitoba, from lake Winnipeg to the western boundary of Ontario, I have the honour to submit my report thereon, including the first falls of English river in Keewatin and the first rapid on Winnipeg river across the eastern boundary of Manitoba. The extent of watershed, the area drained by this river, and the extent and description of the natural resources tributary thereto, are also included. DESCRIPTION OF RIVER. Winnipeg river has its source in the lake of the Woods, Ontario, a distance of about fifty miles along the ri er from the western boundary of the province of Ontario. The lake has an area of over 1,200 square miles, and is controlled at Kenora by a dam twenty feet high. The river has a drainage basin of 52,050 square miles, of which 21.650 square miles is contributed by English river. Its length is about one hundred and fifty miles and it has a descent of about three hundred and fifteen feet. From its mouth to the east boundary of Manitoba, a distance of about one hundred miles, the descent is two hundred and sixty-four feet or about 2 -64 feet per mile. This descent is concen- trated at many places, producing a large number of valuable water-powers. From the east boundary of Manitoba, the river flows northwesterly to Lamprey falls, where it turns abruptly in a southeasterly direction to Sturgeon falls. From this point it runs ■westerly to Whitemouth river, thence northerly to Whitemud falls, and from this last point northwesterly to lake Winnipeg. From Kenora, at the point where the lake of the Woods joins Winnipeg river, to lake Winnipeg, the river flows through a forma- tion of bare granite gneiss of a red colour, well polished by glacial action. The river is practically a succession of inland lakes varying in width from one-third of a mile to one and one-half miles. The average depth is thirty to forty feet. In no place did I find bottom at less than fourteen feet. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b 175 o H < D m ft. J < a S3 fa fa O to ►a - o " c e HI — , (y «>« * => is « 176 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 In the wider parts of the river, or lake portions, there are numerous small islands having abundant verdure. The principal growth along the river banks is poplar and spruce, while the same growth is found on the flats. Where the shore is rocky the growth consists of jaekpine and some white birch. At Fourmile Portage island is a Bmall grove of white pine. From a few miles above Islington to Lake Winnipeg there are a few oak, elm and white birch. The forest on both sides of the river has an under- growth of thick hazel and willow underbrush, while the country on both sides as far as Sturgeon Falls is rough; rocky knolls and ridges are numerous, averaging from fifty to one hundred feet high, interspersed with swamps and small lakes. From there to the head of Seven rapids the roughness of the country gives place to a plateau-like country overlaid with yellow loam, which extends to lake Winnipeg. The water at Winnipeg river is of a clear, dark colour, although it drains a terri boxy a great part of which is muskeg and swamp. The water contains no perceptible i I able matter in suspension. The clearness of the water, I think, is due to the fact that it passes through so many lakes which operate as settling basins. In very few places are grass and weeds seen growing along the shore, or in the water. The river in places is well stocked with fish; pike, sturgeon and whitefish abound, and there are some salmon trout. In December tracks of moose, caribou, otter, mink and marten were seen, and in the upper part of the river wolves and foxes were heard. About six miles down the river from the Ontario boundary, the Hudson's Bay company have a post on the west bank, which they use during a portion of the year for trading purposes. At Pointe du Bois falls on the west side, the Winnipeg City Power company have (cleared a space for a power house site and erected several log buildings for the use of their men. At the head of Pinawa channel, and at the diversion weir, the Winnipeg Street Electric Railway company have large oamps. The first farm seen from the boundary is at the mouth of Whitemouth river on the west side. From there, beginning at a point three or four miles farther down, small farms are scattered along the river on both sides to the south of Lac du Bonnet. Lac du Bonnet station is the Canadian Pacific terminal of the Lac du Bonnet branch; the population of this place is about two hundred, mostly employed cutting cordwood in winter, and in summer working in the brick-yards and sawmills. There is an Anglican and a Boman Catholic church and a public school. At the Grand du Bonnet falls some clearing has been done and a large log building has been erected as a camp. The next settlement is at the foot of Silver falls and extends on both sides of the river to Fort Alexander at lake Winnipeg; considerable farming is done in this settlement. FARMING LAND. From the Ontario boundary to Sturgeon falls farming land is found only in spots and from there to Seven rapids, there is slightly more of it ; from there to Lake Winnipeg along the river, the land is fair farming land overlaid with yellow loam. MINERALS. About five miles down the river from the Ontario boundary to Pointe du Bois I found in several places white mica with cleavage two or three inches square, but no other mineral. The red granite referred to makes a fine building stone and in many places blocks of large size could be quarried. MERCHANTABLE TIMBER. Very little timber was seen. Tt consists of spiruce, balsam and tamarack and is suitable only for pulpwood. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 111 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b PULPWOOD. The drainage basin of Winnipeg river in Manitoba, exclusive of ten miles on both sides of the Canadian Pacific railway right-of-way, and exclusive of the farming lands, has an area of about 1,840 square miles, which, added to the drainage basin of English river, in Keewatin, wbich joins Winnipeg river east of the boundary and covers an area of 9,500 square miles, forms a total of 11,340 square miles. Assum- ing about half this area to be covered by rivers, lakes and swamps, the balance 5,670 square miles or 3,628,800 acres is forest, averaging twenty cords to the acre, this equals 72,576,000 cords of pulpwood, which is a conservative estimate. Assuming this to be equal to a supply for twenty years, it would allow a consumption of 3,628,800 cords per year or about 3,000,000 tons of pulp, or 9,615 tons per day, which would require about 500,000 horsepower to convert it into pulp. Within the area alluded to the proportion of pulpwood from my own observations and information gathered from many sources is about as follows : poplar, 55 per cent spruce; balsam and tamarack, 25 per cent; jackpine and a few white birch, 20 per cent. Poplar is found mostly along the rivers and lakes on the flats. As one goes inland spruce, balsam and tamarack, take the place of poplar. Jackpine is found on rocky ridges. The present size of the timber is a growth of about twenty years. Outside the pulp area already described, but tributary to Winnipeg and English rivers in Ontario, there are 12,000 to 15,000 square miles of the same kind of wood, existing under the same conditions, and which would average about the same per acre. To preserve the pulpwood industry it is imperative that stringent regulations should be adopted and enforced prohibiting the cutting of trees under a certain size, say three inches in diameter. The owner of the timber berth should not be allowed to cut over the same area twice in twenty years, except in special cases. I saw only two places where the timber had been destroyed by fire. Although the country is rough it would be easy to construct a railway logging road at a reasonable cost. Logging with teams would have to be done in winter owing to the swampy character of a portion of the ground. WATER-POWER. By controlling the water-power at Kenora, the minimum efficiency of the water- power of Winnipeg river would be increased fro.ii 2,200 horsepower per foot fall to 4,080 horsepower per foot fall. Lake of the Woods has a storage area of over 1,200 square miles by twenty feet deep or 21,172 foot-seconds the year round, or 2,340 horsepower per foot fall per day the year round. The lake is controlled at Kenora by a dam. The average run-off of Lake of the Woods, Rainy river and lake drainage basin is about 22,000 foot seconds. The storage of the Lake of the Woods would contain about 70 per cent of the yearly run-off, taking the year 1902 as the lowest for the last eleven years, or nearly double the minimum flow of Winnipeg river, 36,000 foot-seconds, 4,080 horsepower the year around per foot fall. This demonstrates the immense importance of control- ling the water at Kenora dam for the future development of the water-powers of Winnpeg river. THE IMPORTANCE OF WINNIPEG WATER-POWERS COMPARED WITH NIAGARA FALLS. Winnipeg river has 264 feet descent from the Ontario boundary ,to lake Winnipeg ; with the control dam at Kenora 247 feet descent is available for water-power, yield- ing 903,300 minimum horsepower which could be utilized, and without the control dam at Kenora, 486,800 minimum horsepower which could be utilized. Compared 25b— 12 178 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 with Niagara falls which has a minimum of 2,600,000 horsepower, of which 80 per cent 19 on the Canadian side, the water-powers of Winnipeg river would be as follows : with the control dam at Kenora, forty-three per cent of Niagara falls on the Cana- dian side, and without the control dam twenty-three per cent. WATER-POWER AND COAL. A coal consumption per indicated horsepower for condensing engine would be one and one-half pounds per hour as minimum consumption, under test conditions, with the most efficient machinery under favourable conditions. On this basis the consump- tion of coal per horsepower per day would be thirty-six pounds or six and oue-half tons per year. Winnipeg river water-power with the control of Kenora dam is the equivalent of coal consumption of 5,871,450 tons a year which would be required to generate the same power, without the control of the Kenora dam, the water-power \vould be the equivalent of a coal consumption of 3,564,200 tons a year. The quantity of coal required to produce power equal to the water-power of Win- nipeg river, with and without control of Kenora dam conveys an idea, not only of the value of the water-powers of Winnipeg river, but also the desirability of controlling Kenora dam. WINNIPEG POWER PLANT. Upon Winnipeg river at Pointe du Bois falls the City of Winnipeg Power depart- ment are about to construct a large power plant. They have cleared a portion of the site and built some workmen's log houses. To assist in the installation of the plant they are building a railway from Lac du Bonnet station to Pointe du Bois. The rails are already laid from the Canadian Pacific railway station to the crossing about two and one-half miles, and that part of the line has been ballasted. From Winnipeg river to Pinawa channel the grading is nearly completed, except for a couple of small rock cuts. Prom Pinawa channel to Pointe du Bois, about half the clearing, grading and rock cutting has been done. In December they were building crib piers filled with stone for their bridge over Winnipeg river. PINAWA CHANNEL. The Winnipeg Street Railway and Power company have accomplished a large amount of rock cutting from the head of Pinawa channel for a distance of about four miles, their diversion weir raised the water about six feet. On the north channel the weir is a crib dam and on the south channel a loose rock dam. The spillway and con- trol dam are substantially constructed of cement masonry. The generating station (20,000 H.P.) has a foundation of cement masonry, the upper part being of brick. It is solidly built and is of a permanent character. The dam is also a solid structure of cement masonry. Half a dozen good brick houses, each with stone foundations, have been built. All the stone used is pink coloured granite, and was quarried in the vicin- ity, while the brick was obtained from the Lac du Bonnet brickyard. At the Winnipeg City Power tramway crossing, there have been two big rock cuts to improve the channel to dispose of the tail-race water. The trouble with tail-race arises, I think, in consequence of the channel being of rock and not overlaid so deep with sediment as expected. It was contemplated at first that the great quantity of water passing out would scour the channel, but for the reasons given this was not the case. The dam has since been raised 30 inches with square timber, and this should greatly facilitate the passing off of the tail-race water. The quantity of water passing through Pinawa channel at the power house at the different times I have been there was about 7,500 to 8,000 foot- TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAXCB 179 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b seconds, which is about equal to twenty-seven per cent of the minimum flow of Winni- peg river. The transmission line from the power plant at Winnipeg is carried on steel towers of first class workmanship. WATER-POWER OF FALLS. The first fall on English river has a descent of 8-74 feet. The minimum flow is estimated at 8,310 foot-seconds or 1,012 horsepower per foot fall. It is practical to build a dam ten to twelve feet high. I do not know whether it would flood the Indian reserve on Loneman lake. Minimum horsepower, 8,845. The first fall or rapids on Winnipeg river is about two and one-half miles east of the boundary of Manitoba. It has a 404 foot descent and is of no commercial import- ance. A dam built eight to ten feet high would flood the best grazing and hay (land of Islington Indian reserve. The river is divided in three channels, one of them would have to be dammed about three miles from the main channel. Minimum flow estimated at 19,400 feet per second; minimum horsepower, 8,888 LAMPREY FALLS. This falls is situated on section 24, township 16, range 15, east of principal meri- dian. It has a descent of 14-26 feet. The water could not be raised higher than six feet without flooding the Islington Indian reserve. The length of dam is 1,350 feet on rock bottom abutment. Minimum horsepower, 31,372. POINTE DU BOIS FALLS. This falls situated on section 36. township 15, range 14, has a descent of 31 :63 feet. A dam could not be built without destroying a part of Lamprey falls. I would suggest building a dam to raise the water 23 -28 feet. This would obliterate Lamprey and Boundary falls. Minimum horsepower, 69,586. EIGHT-FOOT FALLS. This falls situated on section 25, township 15, range 14 and section 30, township 15, range 15, has a descent of 8-30 feet. Minimum horsepower, 18,260. The water could not be raised without interfering with Pointe du Bois falls. As is stands it could be utilized cheaply. SLAVE FALLS. Slave falls is situated on sections 1, 2, 11 and 12 township 15, range 14. It has a descent of 17-39 feet, minimum horsepower 40,018. In building- a dam the water could be easily diverted on the west side where there is a fine millsite. STURGEON FALLS. Sturgeon falls is situated on section 8, township 14, range 4. It has a descent of 4-35 feet, minimum horsepower 9,570. The water could not be raised without in- terfering with Slave fall. OTTER FALL. This fall situated on section 7, township 14, range 13, has a descent of 1 -10 feet, minimum horsepower, 2,420. This fall used to be five or six feet high, but has been reduced to he present height owing to the diversion weir built below Pinawa channel. 25b— 12J 180 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 DIVERSION WEIR. The diversion weir is situated below Pinawa channel has a descent of 6-10 feet. It is built in two channels, on the north channel cribwork, on the south channel loose rock work, of no commercial value to generate power. UPPER SEVEN RAPIDS FALLS. This fall is situated on section 36, township 13, range 11 and section 31, township 13, range 12 at the bay, descent 23-13 feet; minimum horsepower 50,SS6. It is prac- ticable to build a dam to divert the water on the east side, where on the bay there is an ideal millsite. NO. 1 MCARTHUR FALL. No. 1 McArthur fall is situated at the outlet of Lac du Bonnet, on sections 27 and 35, township 16, range 11. It has a descent of 6-95 feet minimum horsepower, 15,312. NO. 2 MCARTHUR FALL. No. 2 McArthur fall is situated on sections 34 and 35 township 16, range 11. It has a descent of 6-81 feet, minimum horsepower, 14,982. On the two channels it is practicable to build dams to raise the water to the ordinary level of Lac du Bonnet GRAND DU BONNET FALLS. This fall situated on sections 14, 15 and 22 township 17, range 11 has a descent of 34-09 feet, minimum horsepower 74998. It is practicable to build a dam on the two channels about 730 feet long to divert the water on the northwest side where there is a good millsite. FALL. This fall situated on section 27, township 17, range 11, has a descent of 8-86 feet, minimum horsepower, 19,492. It is not practicable to raise the water without inter- fering with Grand du Bonnet fall, but it could be economically used in its present condition. WHITEMUD FALLS. Whitemud falls situated on sections 29, 30, 31 and 32, township 17, range 11 has a descent of 12-19 feet, minimum horsepower 26,818. It is practicable to build a dam and divert the water on the east side where there is a good millsite. SILVER FALLS. Silver falls is situated on section 1, township IS, range 10. It has a descent of 22-72 feet. Minimum horsepower, 49,984. It is practicable to build a dam to divert water on both sides. ' PINE FALL. This fall, situated on section 29, township 18, range 10, has a descent of 7-79 feet, minimum horsepower 17,138. It is practicable to build a dam and divert the water through the old mill race. Inasmuch as the water-powers in some cases occur within a short distance of each other, I suggest that the power should be concentrated as much as possible, which can TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 181 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b be accomplished without any loss of power. The distance between any two water- - powers would be navigable for vessels drawing ten feet of water. The horsepower given below is based on an assumed minimum flow of 19,400 feet of water per second. 1. Pointe du Bois falls are situated on section 36, township 15, range 14. A dam should be built to raise the water 23-28 feet. This would give a descent of 54-91 feet, minimum horsepower, 120,802. This dam should be about seven hundred and twenty feet long, and would be intersected by two rocky islands the bottom and abut- ment would be on solid granite foundation. The water should be diverted on the west side where there is a good millsite. Very little rock excavation would be required but some filling on the east side of the channel might be necessary. SLAVE FALLS. 2. Slave falls is situated on sections 1, 2, 11 and 12, township 15, range 14. A dam should be built to raise the water 8-19 feet. This would give a descent of 25 58 feet. Minimum horsepower, 56,276. This dam should be about three hundred and fifty feet long. The bottom and abutment would be on bare solid granite foundation. This dam would obliterate the eight foot fall. The water should be diverted on the west side, where there is a good millsite. juittle rock excavation would be required on the canal. UPPER SEVEN RAPIDS FALLS. 3. This falls is situated on section 31, township 13, range 12 and section 36, town- ship 13, range 11. The dam should be built to raise the water 15-57 feet, which would give a descent of 39-40 feet. Minimum horsepower at the bay, 50,039. On the upper and lower Seven Eapids falls the amount of water going through Pinawa channel, or 8,000-foot seconds, has been deducted. This dam should be about four hundred feet long, the bottom and abutment being on bare solid granite formation. This dam would obliterate Otter and Sturgeon falls. The water should be diverted on the southeastern side to the bay where there is an ideal millsite. Little or no rock cut- ting would be required on the channel. LOWER SEVEN RAPIDS FALLS. 4. This fall is situated on sections 26, 27, 33, 34 and 35, township 13, range 11; from the head of Second falls below the bay at Upper Seven rapids a dam should be built to raise the water seven feet. This would give a descent of 24-60 feet, minimum horse-power 31,807. This dam should be about 930 feet long and would be intersected by two rocky islands. The bottom and abutment would be on solid bare granite for- mation. There is a good millsite on the northeastern side, which I think would be the best side to divert the water. GRAND DU BONNET FALLS 5. Grand du Bonnet falls is situated on sections 14, 15, 22 and 23, township 17, range 11. A dam should be built to raise the water fourteen feet. This would give a descent of 48-09 feet, minimum horsepower, 105798. The dam would require to be about 795 feet long, and would be intersected by one island. The bottom and abut- ments would be on solid bare granite. The water should be diverted on the north- westerly side where there is a good millsite. A considerable amount of rock cutting would be required on the channel. This dam would obliterate McArthur 1 and 2 falls and would raise the water to the general level of Lac du Bonnet. SILVER FALLS. 6. Silver falls is situated on sections 1, 2, 11 and 12, township 18, range 10. A dam should be built to raise the water 20-90 feet. This would give a descent of 182 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 43-62 feet, — minimum horsepower, 95,964. The dam would require to he about 800 feet long and would be intersected by one rocky island. The bottom and abutment would be on solid granite formation. This dam would obliterate Whitemtid fall and the fall below Grand du Bonnet falls. The water could be diverted on either side. PINE FALLS. 7. Pine falls is situated on section 29, township 18, range 10. A dam should be built to raise the water 4-08 feet. This would give a descent of 11-87 feet, mini- mum horse-power 26,114. This dam would require to be about 860 feet long. The bottom and abutment would be on solid bare granite formation. The water should be diverted on the southern side along the old mill-race, where there is a good mill- site. FIRST FALL ON ENGLISH RIVER. 8. The first fall on English river is situated about ten miles up from its junction •with Winnipeg river. It has a descent of 8-6 feet. It would be safe to raise the water by a dam about 6 feet which would give a descent of 14-6 feet — minimum horsepower, 14,168. This dam would require to he about 530 feet long. The bottom and abutments would be on solid bare granite. The water should be diverted on the west side. WATER-POWER AT THE FALLS. I would suggest that the water-powers be concentrated in as few places as pos- sible; this would make it cheaper to develop the power per horsepower. No dam should be built at any of the water-power falls without the sanction of the govern- ment. The dams should be water-tight, and so constructed as not to interfere with other water-power; however, water not used at a lower plant, millsite or generating station should be at the disposal of the government as should any portion of millsite not used. If a large quantity of power were used at any of the proposed water-powers to be developed, it might be found necessary to have some legislation enacted to prevent the owners of the Kenora dam flooding unnecessarily the power people on Winnipeg river, or to reduce for weeks the minimum flow of the river to one-half or less than ■what it would naturally he, if not interfered with by the unnecessary closing or open- ing of their dam. I have measured the flow of English river at ' the Narrows,' about one mile below the first fall and found the depth of water to be from fifty to eighty feet. In determin- ing the velocity at this point, I could not arrive at any satisfactory conclusion without using a current metre. The results obtained were certainly in excess of the correct figures. I have deducted the minimum flojsv of English river from its drainage basin. HIGH WATER MARK. There is a well defined high water mark about five and one-half feet to six and one- half feet above ordinary water. I am informed by old Indians that the water has not reached that height for years past. If the range beween high and low water is not more, it is probably due to the greater number of lakes in the Rainy lake and Lake of the Woods district. I transmit herewith the following plans: — 1. The general plan of the country from Kenora to north of lake Winnipeg and west of the city of Winnipeg, showing general location of water-powers, and location of generating station of Winnipeg City Electric railway, their transmission line, the proposed location of tlie Winnipeg City Power generating station at Pointe du Bois, their tramway under c instruction, and their proposed trancmissicn line. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRiANCB 183 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b 2. Diagram showing discharge mean velocity and area, cross section, &c, &c. These rating curves were determined by two cross-sections, one made by the Winnipeg City Power company on March 7, 1906, at Pointe du Bois falls, and the other by my- self September 12, 1907, about a mile above Lamprey falls, both connected with the gauge height at Pointe du Bois falls. The quantities were deduced by Kutter's formulae after many trials and compared with the snow and rain fall of the past eleven years. The great variation shown at the gauge height beween April 10 and 20, 1907, are not natural; they are due to the opening or closing of the control dam at Kenora. Loss by the average yearly run off is about twenty-one per cent. 3. The gauge height for three hundred and twelve days in 1907 was furnished to me by the Winnipeg City Power company, also the cross-section above Pointe du Bois falls. The velocity of the water was taken by a current metre at every four feet in depth, and at distances about twenty feet apart. 4. The profile showing all the bench marks, height of falls, &c. 5. Detailed plans of all the water-powers on a scale of six chains to one inch. 6. Table showing upper and lower gauge reading at Pointe du Bois falls from January 23, 1907, to March 31, 1908. By means of the diagram and table, the quantity of water and horsepower for every day from January 1, 1907, to March 31, 1908, may be fully ascertained by using •the upper gauge reading. 7. Table showing the ground required for millsites. 8. Table of land that might be flooded by proposed millsite, &c. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, W. THrBATJDEAU, C.E. 184 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Gauge reading at Pointe du Bois Falls, taken by the City of Winnipeg Power De- partment, January 23, 1907 to March 31, 1908. Date. Upper Gauge Lower Gauge [ Date. Upper Gauge Lower Gauge Reading. Reading. leading. Reading. January 23 ... 0 6 05 March 25 0 5 1 0 24 . - 26... 0 4 1 1 25.... 27 ... 0 4 1 1 26.... 0 3 06 28 . 0 5 1 1 27.... 29.... 0 5 0 9 28.... 30.... 0 5 29.... 0 2 o:6 April 1.... 0 5 0 9 30.... 2.... 0 5 1 0 31... 0 •j i:o 3.... 0 6 1 2 February 1 0 2 0 ".1 4 ... 0 6 1 2 2.... 0 2 07 5... 0 6 1 3 3 ... 6. . . . 0 6 1 2 4 ... 6 i i:o 7.... 0 6 5.... 0 l ii s ... 0 6 1 3 6 0 i ii 9.... 0 6 1 3 : 0 3 10 10.... 0 7 1 3 8.... 0 3 08 11.... 0 9 1 3 'J 0 3 03 12.... 1 X 1 3 10.... 0 3 13... 1 3 1 3 11 ... 0 3 0:3 14... 1 2 12 ... 0 3 0-2 15 1 1 i 3 13.... 0 3 0 3 16... 0 9 i 3 14. .. 0 3 00 17 .. 0 8 i 3 15... 0 3 0 5 IS.... 0 7 l 3 16. . 0 3 05 19.... 0 7 i 3 17.... 0 4 2U.... 0 6 l 3 18.... 0 4 0:6 21 ... . 0 6 l!i .. 0 4 04 22... 0 6 i 3 20.... 0 4 0'4 23.... 0 6 l 3 21. . . . 0 4 03 24.... 0 7 l 3 22 ... 04 05 25.... 0 7 l 2 23.... 0 4 0 5 26.... 0 7 l 3 24 ... 27.... 0 6 l 3 25 ... 0:4 0 3 28.... 0 6 26 ... 04 01 29... 0 6 i 3 27.... 05 01 30.... 0 6 l 3 28.... 0 5 03 May 1 . . . 0 6 l 3 March 1 . 0 5 0 5 3.... 0 6 l 2 2 . . . 0 4 05 3... 0 6 l 2 3... 0 4 4.... 0 6 l 3 4... 0 4 o;7 5.... 0 6 5.... 0 4 0 6 6 ... 0 6 i 2 6.... 0 4 05 7.... 0 6 1 2 7 .. 0 4 0 6 8.... 0 6 i 1 8 ... 0 4 06 9.... 0 6 l 1 '.i ... 0 4 0 7 10.... 0 6 l 2 10 0 4 11.... 0 5 l 2 11.... 0 4 0:9 12.... 0 5 12 .. 0 4 08 13.... 0 5 i 2 13.... 0 5 0 7 14.... 0 5 l 2 14... 0 6 08 15... 0 5 l 2 15. .. 0 5 07 16... 0 5 l 1 16 .. 0 :. 08 17.... 0 4 l 1 17. . 0 ."> 18.... 0 4 l 0 18 0 6 0:8 19... 0 4 19.... 0 6 II X 20.... 0 4 0 9 20.... 0 6 08 21 ... . 0 4 0 8 21 , . . (1 6 0 !) 22 0 4 0 8 22... 0 6 10 23.... 0 3 0 7 23.... V .". 10 24.... (1 3 II 1 24 . . . 0 •5 25 1) 3 II 7 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b Gauge reading at Pointe du Bois Falls — Continued. 185 Date. Upper Gauge Reading. Lower Gauge Reading. 07 Date. Upper Gauge Reading. Lower Gauge Reading. May 26 11 2 August 3 . . . 14 1-4 27.... 02 0 6 4... 14 1-4 28.... 01 0-5 5... 1.4 IS 29.... 01 04 (i .. . 14 1-3 30.... 00 03 7 . . . . 14 1-3 31... 0 1 0 3 8.... 14 13 June 1. . . . 01 0.3 9.... 13 13 2 0 2 02 10 ... 14 1-3 a!;!! 0 3 01 11... 14 1-3 4.... 0 4 00 12 ... 14 1'3 5.... 0 4 0 1 13 .. 1-4 13 6.... 0 5 02 14... 1-4 13 7.... 05 03 15.... 1-4 13 8.... 0'5 03 16.... 1-4 1-3 9.... 05 03 17.... 14 13 10 ... 06 04 18.... 15 13 11... 0.8 06 1!).. 1-6 IS 12.... 09 0-8 20.. . 1 6 1-6 13.-... 10 0'9 21 ... . 1-7 16 14... 1.0 0.9 22... 17 17 15.... 11 10 23.... 1-7 17 16.... 11 11 24.... 17 17 17.... 12 11 25... 17 17 18.... 1-8 1-2 26.... 19 1-7 19 ... 13 1-3 27... 19 2 0 20.... 13 13 28.... 19 20 2] .... 14 14 29.... 1-9 20 22.... 1-5 15 30 ... 20 2 0 23.... 15 1-6 31.... 20 20 24 .... 15 1'6 September 1 . . . . 19 21 25.... 1-5 2.... 1-9 2 1 26... 15 1:7 3.... 20 2'2 27.... 1-5 1-8 4.... 2 0 2'2 28.... 16 1-8 5.... 20 2-2 29 .... 1-6 18 <;.... 20 22 30. . . . 1-6 IS 7 . . . 20 2 3 July 1. . 1-6 19 s... 20 2 3 2 1-6 19 9... 20 23 3..'. 1 li 1-9 HI.... 20 2 3 4. .. 111 19 11 ... 2 0 23 5.... 15 19 12. . . . 2 0 2 3 6 ... 1 :'. 19 13.... 20 2 3 7. . . . 15 1-9 14... 21 2 5 8 . . . . 1-8 1-8 15. .. 21 25 '.1 . . . . 15 17 16.... 21 25 Id ... 15 16 17.... 21 2-5 11... 1-5 1-6 18.. . 21 2 5 . 12.... 15 16 19.. . 21 25 13 ... . 1-5 15 20 ... . 21 25 14 ... IB 15 21.... 21 25 15 . . . 15 1-5 22... 21 25 16... 15 15 23.... 2-2 25 17.... 1-6 15 24.... 22 2 5 is.... 15 15 25. . . . 22 25 19.... 15 15 26.... 22 25 20.... 15 15 27 ... 23 27 21.... 15 15 28.... 23 2 7 22 ... 1 ; 1'5 29.... 23 27 23.... 15 15 30 ... . 23 2 7 24 ... . 1-5 15 October 1 . . . . 23 28 25.. 1-5 15 2 24 29 26.... 14 14 3.'... 24 2 9 27... 14 14 4... 2 4 2'9 28... 14 14 5 . . 25 33 29... 14 14 V,.... 25 3 3 30... 14 14 7.... 2 5 3 3 31 . . . 14 14 8.... 25 3 3 August 1 . . . 14 1 4 !l . .. 2 5 3 3 2... 14 14 10... 25 3 3 186 DEPA.RTUEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Gauge reading at Pointe du Bois Falls — Continued. Date. Upper Gauge Lower Gauge Date. Upper (lauge Lower Gauge Reading. Reading. Reading. 25 Reading. October 11 26 3-3 iibtr 18.... 2 7 12 2 7 3 4 19.... 2 5 27 13.... 2.7 3 4 20.. . 25 2 6 14.... 2.7 3 4 21.... 2 5 2 5 15.... 2.7 3 4 22 2o 25 16.... 2 7 3 4 23... 25 2 5 17 ... 27 3 4 24 ... . 2 5 2 5 18 .. 27 3 4 2 5 2 5 19 2 7 :; i 20.... 2 :• 2 5 20.. . 2 7 3 4 27.... 2 :. 2 4 21 ... . 2 7 3 4 28 . 2 :. 2 3 22 2 7 3 4 29.... 2 5 2 3 23 ... 2 7 34 30... 25 2'4 •a ... 2 7 3 4 31.... 2 5 2 :< 2 7 3 4 January 1 . . . 2 5 2 3 26 ... 2 7 ■A 1 2.... 24 2 3 27.... 2'7 3 4 3.... 24 2 4 28.... 2 7 34 4 ... 2 4 . 2 3 27 34 5.... 2 4 2 :-; 30.... 25 33 6.... 2 4 2 3 31..... 25 3 3 7 24 2 4 N ■ • ember 1 . . . . 33 8.... 24 2 4 2. .. 2 5 3 3 :>.... 2 4 23 3... 2 5 33 hi... 2 4 2 4 4 ... 25 33 11.... 2 4 2 3 5.... 2 5 3 3 12 ... 2 3 2 3 6.... 25 3 3 13.... 24 23 7.... 25 3 3 14 ... 2 t 2 3 8.... 25 3 3 15.. . 2 4 2 4 9 2 5 3 3 16.... 2 4 23 M ... 2 5 33 17... 2 4 2 3 11.... 2 :. 3 3 18 ... 23 12... 2 5 3 3 19.... 2 5 23 13.... 2 5 3 3 20 ... 2 3 14 ... 25 3 3 21.... 25 23 15.... 25 3 3 22... 25 23 16.... 2 5 3 3 23 2 5 23 17 ... 2 5 3 3 24 ... . 2 5 2 0 18 ... 2o 33 2:. . , 20 2 0 19.... 25 3 3 26 ... 25 21 20.. 2o 33 27 ... . 2 5 2 2 21... 2 5 3 3 28.... 2 5 2 5 22 2 5 3 3 2(1... 2 6 27 23.... 2 5 3 3 30 . . . 26 2 9 24.... 3 3 31.... 26 29 25... 2 5 3 3 February 1 . . . . 26 29 2K.... 2-5 3 3 2.... 2 7 2 11 27 2 5 3 3 3... 2 7 3 0 28 2 5 3 3 4.... 2 7 2 7 29.... 2 5 3 3 5 .. 28 2 9 30... 2 5 3 3 C, ... 28 2 9 December 1 . . . 2 5 3 3 7.... 2-8 2 9 •> 2 5 3 3 8.... 28 80 3... 25 3 3 9.... 28 2 8 4 ... 2 5 3 3 10 ... 28 2 6 5... 2o 3 3 11.... 2 :i 2 3 6 .. 25 3 2 12.... 2 'J 2 2 7... 2 5 3 1 13 ... 2 •< 2 0 8 ... 2 B 3 1 14 ... 2 S 2 0 '.).... 25 3 0 15.... 28 20 10... 25 3 0 16.... 2-8 2 0 11 ... 2 5 3 0 17... 2 8 2 0 12.... 2 ' 5 2 !) is .. 28 19 1.-! . 25 2 9 1" 28 20 14 2 5 2 8 20 2-8 19 15 2 5 2 8 21 ... . 27 1 !> 16 2 5 2 * 22.... 2-8 1-8 17 ... 2 5 2 7 23 ... 2-8 1-8 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRUNCH 187 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b Gauge reading at Pointe du Bois Falls — Continued. Date. Upper Gauge Reading. Lower Gauge Reading. Date. Upper Gauge Reading. Lower Gauge Reading. February 24.. . 2-7 23 March 16.... 2 8 15 25... 26 2 5 17 . . . 2 8 1-7 26 ... 2 6 2 5 18.... 2 7 15 27.... 2 7 25 19... 2 7 15 28.... 2 7 2 5 20 ... 2 7 1 5 29.. . 2 7 111 21.... 2 8 14 March 1 2 7 1-8 22 2 7 1-5 o 28 17 23... 2 8 13 3.... 2'8 1-7 24 ... . 2 s 1-3 4 ... 28 1-6 25.... 2 8 13 5 ■J B 16 26 ... . 2 7 1-3 6.... 2"7 16 27.... 2 7 12 7.... 2 7 1 6 28. . 2 7 12 8 .. 27 17 29... 2 7 11 9.... 2-7 1-8 30.... 2 7 10 10 ... 27 1-8 31... 2 7 1.0 11.... 27 2'8 16 15 12 13 ... 28 1-6 N.B. C .P.R. levels. 14.... 2-S 15 962 69 15 .. 2-8 15 Lower gauge 930 95 Discharge and Horsepower Table for Winnipeg River, Manitoba — Pointe du Bois, Upper Gauge, 1907-1908. Upper gauge reading. Discharge foot-second. Theoretical Horsepower per fout fall. Upper gauge reading. Discharge foot-second. Theoretical Horsepower per foot fall. 300.... 72000 S180 080 33500 3624 2 90 C'.iMliI 7700 0 70 32420 3512 2 80 67100 ■^oo 0 60 .... 31300 3386 2 70 ... 64500 6855 0 50 30350 3285 2 60 .. 62025 6710 0 40 29450 3186 2 50 ... 59K00 6448 0 30 28450 3078 2 40 57350 6205 0 20 27500 2976 2 30 552S0 5978 0 10 26550 2880 2 20 53200 5791 0 00 25600 2770 2 10 .... 51250 5545 —0 10 .... 24700 2672 2 00 49550 5356 —0 20.. . 23950 2592 1 90 4SU-J.-I 5196 —0 30 23123 2500 1 80 46600 5042 -0 40 22300 2413 1 70 45150 4886 —0 50 2i.V.O 2331 1 60 43700 4728 —0 60 20800 2250 1 50 42300 4560 —0 70 ..... . 20050 2169 1 40 41000 4435 —0 80 19400 2100 1 30 39100 4278 -0 90 18750 2018 1 20 38420 4156 —1 00 18100 1978 1 10 37150 4020 —1 10 17450 1888 1 00 36000 3900 -1 20 ... 16800 1816 090 34600 3747 — 1 30 16150 1740 Approximate list of parcels of land that are liable to be flooded if dams are built as suggested. Generally, any land where the water is not to be raised more than twelve feet is not likely to be flooded. SILVER PALLS TO WHITEMUD FALLS. Section 1, east half section 2, township 18, range 10 east of the principal meri- dian, section 36, north half and southeast quarter section 25, and northeast quarter 188 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 section 24, township 17, range 10, southwest quarter section 6, township 18, range 11, north half section 30, section 31 and west half section 32, township 17, range 11. GRAND DU BONNET FALLS. Sections 2, 3, 10, 11, 14, 22, east helf section 15, southeast quarter and west half section 23, township 17, range 11. LOWER SEVEN RAPIDS FALLS. North half section 27, northeast quarter section 28, east half section 33, section 34 and west half section 35, townships 13, range 11. UPPER SEVEN RAPIDS FALLS. Sections 31, 32, 35 and 36, northeast quarter section 34, north half section 33, township 13, range 12, south half section 5, sections 1, 2, 3 and 4, south half sections 10 and 11, township 14, range 12. POINTE DU BOIS FALLS. East half section 35, section 36, township 15 range 14, west half section 31, town- ship 15, range 15, section 1 east half section 2, south half and northeast quarter sec- tion 12, township 16, range 14, northwest quarter section 3, north half and southwest quarter section 4, sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16 and 23, north half and southwest quarter section 10, north half section 11, east half and southwest quarter section 17, south half sections 21 and 22, township 16, range 15. LAND RESERVED FOR MTLLSITE. POLNTE DU BOIS. Section 36, township 15, range 14 east of principal meridian. SLAVE FALLS. Southeast quarter section 11, southwest quarter section 12, northwest quarter section 1 and northeast quarter section 2, township 15, range 14. UPPER SEVEN RAPIDS FALLS. West half section 31, township 13, range 12, section 36 and north half section 25, township 13, range 11. LOWER SEVEN RAPIDS FALLS. West half section 35, section 34, north half section 27, east half section 33 and northeast quarter section 28, township 13, range 11. GRAND DU BONNET FALLS. Sections 14, 22, 23, north half section 15, township 17, range 11. SILVER FALLS. North half section 1, south half section 12, northeast quarter section 2 and south- east quarter section 11, township 18, range 10. prNE FALLS. Northwest quarter section 18, west half section 28, north half section 19 and section 29, township 18, range 10. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 189 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 42. REPORT OF J. N. WALLACE, D.L.S. SURVEY OF THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN BRITISH COLUMBIA AND THE YUKON TERRITORY ACROSS THE DALTON TRAIL. Calgary, Alta., January 6, 1908. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D., . Surveyor General, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of the survey of part of the boundary between British Columbia and the Yukon Territory, undertaken in accordance with your instructions of May 13, 1907 : — I left Calgary on May 27 and reached Vancouver on the 30th, having stopped over for two days at Kamloops, B.C., where I purchased thirteen pack horses. The party was organized and the outfit completed at Vancouver. We left there on June 7 by the Canadian Pacific steamer Princess Beatrice, and reached Skagway on the evening of June 11. My instructions were to offset the monuments on the Yukon boundary between lake Bennett and Windy arm, and then to proceed with the survey across the Dalton trail. I, therefore, divided the party at Skagway; the head packer and three men were sent with all the horses and the bulk of the outfit across to Pyramid harbour, which is about three hours run southwest from Skagway, and is on the west side of Chilkat inlet. This portion of the party immediately set to work to get the outfit "up Chilkat river and then up the Dalton trail as far as possible. The boundary between British Columbia and the Yukon crosses this trail about one hundred and five miles northerly from Pyramid harbour. I myself, with my assistant, Mr. Blanchard Dodge, and the remainder of the party left Skagway by the White Pass and Yukon railway on June 13 and reached Pen- nington, B.C., fifty-two miles north, the same afternoon. Next day the outfit was moved up to the boundary and work commenced on the part east of lake Bennett. The boundary monument known as 'H' stands about fifty yards east of the White Pass and Yukon railway track, which here runs along the east edge of lake Bennett. It is plainly visible to anyone passing on the train, and is about one mile and a quarter north of Pennington. There is only a residence for an operator and two parties of railway sectionmen at Pennington, but all trains stop there, and it is possible for a person to stop there over night. The boundary crosses a long steady incline as it goes easterly from monument 'H.' At a distance of a mile and a quarter it reaches the summit of the first moun- tain east of lake Bennett, at an altitude of about two thousand feet above the lake. As the line nears this summit it goes through a good deal of spruce timber, and a (person standing on the shore of lake Bennett can clearly see three lines cut out against the sky at the summit. The most northerly of the three lines is the boundary between British Columbia and the Yukon. Between lake Bennett and the summit just referred to there is a monument on a local shoulder about seven-eighths of a mile east of the lake. After reaching the summit the remainder of the boundary to Windy Arm is across a rough mountainous •country. While it is unfit for pack horses, and we had to pack our outfit across our- 190 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 selves, there is no difficulty in reaching any of the boundary monuments, and, except the eastern slope from mount Eacine down to Windy Arm, there are no precipitous areas near the line. This section has already been described in detail in the depart- mental report for the year 1901. The total horizontal distance from lake Bennett to Windy Arm is a little over eight miles. There are monuments on the shores of both lakes and ten intermediate ones. The monument on the west shore of Windy Arm is known as 'G.' The next one west is three-quarters of a mile from Windy Arm. and stands in dense timber on the top of the westerly bank of a small stream flowing north and about one hundred feet up from its junction with Eacine creek, which latter flows easterly around the north slope of mount Eacine and empties into Windy Arm about half a mile south of the boundary. The next monument west is on the summit of mount Eacine. Windy Arm is a little over a mile wide along the bound- ary. The most easterly post offsetted was that standing on its east shore. The town of Wynton is situated just south of the boundary on the west shore of Windy Arm. Conrad is about six miles to the north. Much valuable ore has been found in this locality and a large amount of development work has been done, and several miles of aerial tramways have been constructed on the west shore north of the boundary. Some small work has also been done south of the boundary on the east shore. There is a kind of pass by which one may easily cross the mountains from Wynton to Pennington, keeping near the boundary line. The route lies up the valley of Eacine creek, keeping on the north side high up above the stream, until nearing its sharp turn to the south. Here the creek should be crossed and the southeasterly bank fol- lowed, which leads to a grassy open valley containing a small elongated lake through which Eacine creek flows north . A boundary monument may be seen here, standing about 30 feet up the westerly slope of the valley, and about 100 feet northwest of the north end of the lake. After proceeding a quarter of a mile south of the lake, a wide, rough trough-shaped valley may be seen extending to the south of west. By following it westerly a stream flowing west is ultimately found. This should be fol- lowed down until about two and a half miles from the lake where it should be left, and a route taken a good deal higher up along the lower slopes of some mountains forming the southerly side of the wide valley. By proceeding along these slopes, the summit overlooking lake Bennett is reached with nothing worse than some deep ravines which run at right angles across the route. The descent to White Pass rail- way is easy, if ->ne keeps a little north of the boundary. The work near Windy Arm was completed on July 3 and next day we went by the steamer Gleaner to Cariboo on the White Pass railway and from there to Skag- way. This steamer runs from June 1 to November 1 and connects Cariboo, Atlin, Conrad and Wynton. There are also smaller steamers on Windy Arm. We left Skagway for Haines on July 6 and reached there after an adventurous voyage of two hours in the little mail steamer Hegg against a very rough sea Haines is about eighteen miles southwest of Skagway. From Haines we proceeded up the Chilkat and Dalton trail to the Yukon boundary. As the route taken is that usually followed, it is here described in some detail as far as Dalton Post which is seventy miles north of the international boundary. Haines is the best seaport from which to proceed up the Dalton trail, provided no horses are taken. A long tongue of land runs down to the sea, between Chilkoot and Chilkat inlets. Haines is on tie Chilkoot or east side; ' Hindistuckie,' five miles from Haines, is the name given to the point of embarkation for proceeding by water up the Chilkat, and is on the west side of the tongue of land. It is merely a name, and uncertain at that as I could not find anyone who would assume the responsibility of spelling it. If horses are taken, there is only one trail for them at present up the Chilkat, and that is on the far side from Haines and TIindi6tuckie.' In order to avoid cross- TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAXCH 191 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b ing them over the dangerous quicksands of the Chilkat, they should he landed, in the first instance, on the west side of this inlet at Pyramid harbour. This is a fine harbour and the Alaska Packers Association have a wharf there, but it is not a regular calling place for steamers. From either 'Hindistuckie' or Pyramid harbour, canoes carrying two tons of freight each travel up the Chilkat as far as Wells, about twenty-seven miles up stream. They depend upon a prevailing south wind to take them against the currents. If this wind is not on hand when wanted, there is no redress. It is necessary to wait for it, as no headway can be made by any other means. We had to wait a day and then had such an apology for a wind that, after eleven hours on the water, we had to camp near midnight at Klukwan, a mile short of Wells. With a good wind which is fairly frequent, the distance to Wells is covered in six hours. When coming down in October we had a small gale blowing up stream against us. Wells is on the west side of the Chilkat, at its junction with Klehini river, and is the head of navigation so far as freight is concerned. Prom here to Porcupine is thirteen miles. The United States authorities are building a first class wagon road between Wells and Porcupine, already sufficiently far advanced to save two dangerous crossings of the Klehini. The intention, I believe, is to extend the road northerly to Pleasant Camp to connect with the Canadian road from there, and also to build a road along the east side of the Chilkat from Tlindistuekie' to Wells. When this is completed, Haines will be the best landing place for all outfits, with or without horses. At Porcupine there is a postoffice and extensive mining works, and a trading store of the Porcupine Gold Mining company. It is seven miles over a good wagon road from here to 'Pleasant Camp,' but Klehini river must be crossed on the way. ' Pleasant Camp ' is, in summer at least, a beautiful spot just within Canadian terri- tory. Beyond 'Pleasant Camp' only pack horses can at present be used, but a wagon road is now being constructed to 'Rainy Hollow,' which is fourteen miles farther. Some excellent copper ore has been found near 'Rainy Hollow' and a good deal of work is now in progress. The mining district is all in Canadian territory and, if reports are justified, it should become famous. Two routes can be followed at present from 'Pleasant Camp' to 'Rainy Hollow ;' one follows the valley of the Klehini, keeps low down in the timber, and is very bad; the other strikes high up in the mountains a couple of miles out from ' Pleasant Camp.' This upper trail crosses a kind of summit pass and is difficult to follow in bad weather. Most summit passes have no definite land marks. Their topography is open and rolling and there is often danger in a fog or snowstorm, that one may get down over the wrong watershed. The elevation of 'Rainy Hollow' is stated to be 2,700 feet. The next stage to 'Glacier Camp' is about twenty-two miles, with no possible in- termediate camping ground and no shelter of any kind if bad weather comes on. Timber is left at ' Rainy Hollow ' and the trail gradually rises to an elevataion of 3,800 feet. Just before the crossing of Clear creek, and about half way, the trail begins to descend and at ' Glacier Camp ' is about 3,200 feet elevation. When nearing this camp the trail follows down the gravel bed of a large stream flowing northerly called Nadahini river (a branch of the Chilkat.) As soon as it leaves this river and turns up on the westerly bank, some spruce timber may be seen to the west, and it is better to camp here than to go on to the 'Cabin' where there is no firewood. This would be about a mile before reaching the 'Cabin.' Horses will surely go back to 'Mosquito Flats,' a kind of little prairie about four miles south of the 'Cabin,' but they will go back in any case. The 'Cabin' is about a quarter of a mile back from Nadahini river and visible in the high willows only when it is very close. From 'Glacier' to 'Bear Camp' is fourteen miles. About nine miles from 'Glacier' the trail passes around the east side of a lake and then down a little canyon in which 192 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VTt., A. 1909 flows Mansfield creek, the trail following the edge of the stream. It then enters an ex- tensive open dry area with willow bushes. The boundary between British Columbia and the Yukon can now be easily identified, although still about six miles to the north. The valley of the Tatshenshini stretches away a little west of north, with a group of mountains standing out in the far dist* ance, which are north of Dalton post. To the west of north and about seven miles away may be seen a high sharp ridge, running east and west. At the extreme east end of this ridge there is a dome-shaped prominence with a small terrace a little below its summit. The dome is the most easterly prominence on the sky line west of the Tatshenshini valley. On the summit of this dome there is a boundary monument. The ridge referred to is plainly visible from a point about a mile south of 'Glacier Camp,' and at intervals thereafter along the Dalton trail. On the east of the Tatshenshini valley is a high even-topped mountain range, running almost north. The boundary crosses about a quarter of a mile down the shoulder at the extreme southerly end of this range, and then passes east up the valley at its foot, which is the valley of Blan- chard river. After travelling across the above mentioned open area the old ford across Tatshenshini river is reached, about seventy yards below the junction of a large stream coming in from the east. The ford is partly washed out and a better one may be obtained about a mile higher up the Tatshenshini. 'Bear Cabin,' a former stopping place of the Boyal Northwest Mounted Police, stands apart from any river and about two miles northeast of the old ford. The best camping ground is obtained by leaving the Dalton trail shortly after entering the open area and going about a mile northeast to the large stream just mentioned. From 'Bear Camp' to Dalton post is about twenty miles, with, however, several possible intermediate camping grounds. Two junctions of streams are crossed in deep valleys, called Sheep canyon and Horse canyon, and distant five and eight miles from the old ford. Either of these forms a good camping ground if the canyon is followed down a quarter of a mile from the trail. It is stated that a good pass is obtained across the mountain range west of the Tatshenshini by following up the most northerly of the two streams uniting in Sheep canyon. This pass leads to the head waters of a stream flowing w terly into the Tatshenshini, about two miles north of the boundary. I believe the dalton trail reaches its highest elevation between Sheep canyon and the old ford. The trail enters timber about six miles north of Horse canyon and keeps in timber to Dalton pi ot. The Tatshenshini can be forded opposite the ' post ' if the water is very low, but the best ford is obtained a mile lower down. The ' post ' is on the farther side. From Dalton post it is seventy-three miles to ' Champagne Landing,' and from there sixty miles by stage to Whitehorse. A branch trail runs southwest from Dalton post for forty miles along the west side of Tatshenshini river, which flows southerly after leaving Dalton post. We left Haines on July 9 and reached Wells next day, where I found all the pack horses and the four men sent on from Skagway on June 12. They had transported all the outfit as far as 'Pleasant Camp,' and about three-quarters of a ton to 'Glacier Camp,' eighty miles from Haines. We all reached the boundary line in Horse canyon on July 23, having been delayed by high water in all the rivers and having to double trip part of the journey. Cloudy weather prevented observations for latitude being taken until the nights of July 29 and 30, when a point w.as established from the obser- vations of twenty-four pairs of stars with the zenith telescope, with a probable error of 0.23 of a second. The point of observation was ou the west bank of the Tatshenshini, about three-eighths of a mile south of the monument known as ' M.' By August 7 a trial line had been run west from ' M ' for a distance of nearly five miles to the summit of the mountain range west of the Tatshenshini. This range extends many miles southerly and northerly as far as Dalton post, where the Tatshenshini flows around the north end. It caused us delays aggregating at least two weeks during the season, and I refer to it below as the Barrier range. It was hard enough to get the TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRASCH 193 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b line across, but out of the question to get the camp over, so we had to travel around by Dalton post, necessitating two crossings of Tatshenshini river in order to get at the end of the line west of the range. I may say that both the Tatshenshini and Klehini rivers were constant sources of trouble and danger all season. Their current is so swift that a man on foot cannot ford them if the water is even up to his knees. Fords exist one day and are washed out the next, and added to all is the fact that the muddiness of the water prevent? its depth from being known and the presence of huge boulders makes footing very insecure. Horses new to such rivers at first allow themselves to drift off a ford and pay no attention to their responsibilities, but after a time they learn to maintain their ground against the current to a remarkable degree. The average rate of the Tatshenshini is six miles an hour and the Klehini is swifter. Having found the end of the line, it was continued on the Tatshenshini near station ' N,' where a long hunt for the former post ensued. It was subsequently ascer- tained that this post had been washed away in a flood on the river. Observations for latitude were taken again here on the east bank of the Tatshenshini on the nights of August 24 and 25, when a point was established from the results of the observation of twenty-one pairs of stars, with a probable error of 2.24 of a second. In the matter of taking observations for latitude Mr. Blanehard Dodge gave the most valuable assistance and I think will make a name for himself as an observer. The final boundary line was then run back easterly, the posts being offsetted to the true line and a new line cut out in the timber, and the whole completed to the summit of the Barrier range. Camp was then moved back easterly around by Dalton post, and the remainder of the bound- ary completed to the Tatshenshini at station ' M.' On September 21 a trial line running east from 'M' was commenced and con- tinued for five and three-quarter miles, where we ended operations for the season. We started back for the coast on September 30. On the night of October 1, we were camped at ' Glacier ' at an elevation of 3,200 feet, and four inches of snow fell. We crossed the summit next day in a snowstorm, which turned to fog and rain within a few miles of 'Rainy Hollow.' Next day the journey was continued to Porcupine in pouring rain, while no doubt heavy snow was falling on the summit we had just left, for on October 8 there was a depth of over three feet of snow there. We reached Haines on October 6, and in the early morning of the 8th we crossed over to Skagway in the steamer Georgia, which plys beween Juneau, Skagway and Haines. On the evening of the same day I paid off all the men, except one, allowing them their time to the date of their arrival at Vancouver, October 13. I then proceeded with one man to Windy Arm where I corrected the position of a post on the boundary and returned to Skagway on October 14. Skagway was left on the 17th by Canadian Pacific steamer and I reached Vancouver on the 20th and Calgary October 23. BOUNDARY LINE FROM STATION 'm' TO STATION 'n.' Monument ' M ' is situated in a dense growth of spruce on the east bank of Tat- shenshini river about one hundred and thirty yards from the river, and twenty-two feet above its level. It is about half a mile above the junction of the stream coming down from Horse canyon. It can be reached from the Dalton trail by following down the north side of the streams in either Sheep canyon, which is best, or in Horse canyon, but the Tatshenshini has then to be forded in a bad place. I believe a trail could be cut north from ' Bear Camp,' keeping back some distance east of the Tatshenshini and striking the boundary where it crosses Blanehard river, when it is only a short distance west across a hill to ' M.' The Tatshenshini is about one hundred and twenty feet wide and varies much in depth. As a rule it cannot be forded on the boundary line. Immediately after leaving the Tatshenshini the land rises rapidly to the first monument west of ' M,' which is 25b— 13 194 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 distant five-eights of a mile and is S00 feet above it. It stands on a rough plateau over- looking the valley of Horse canyon to its northwest. The next monument is in the valley of Horse canyon, a little over half a mile west. It is one hundred and eighty yards west of where the Dalton trail crosses the northerly of the two streams which unite here, and is in poplar timber, about thirty feet above the level of the stream. The dome shaped mountain previously referred to can be seen here west of Dalton trail. It lias apparently a double top with a small depression in which will probably be seen a wedge shaped snow patch. This mountain is referred to as Mount Kona. The monument on its summit is a mile and a quarter from the one near Dalton trail and 2,270 feet above it. Between these two there is another one on a rough turfy plateau of the kind known as a 'tundra.' It is nearly half a mile west of Dalton trail. West of Mount Kona, on which is monument XIII at an elevation of 5,600 feet, the boundary crosses a very mountainous region for two miles and a quarter to the summit of the Barrier range. This portion contains two large snow fields and gla- ciers. There are two monuments, XII and XI, at altitudes of 6,140 feet, on spurs whose surface is a mass of boulders. About half a mile northwest of Xn is a small lake at an altitude of 5,600 feet, whose border is a mass of ice. The next monument, number X, is on the summit of the Barrier range and is at 6,520 feet altitude. From this point the huge mass of Mount St Elias can be clearly seen on the far western horizon, about one hundred miles away. About half a mile to the northwest of number X is Mount Beaton (6,900 feet), the highest peak in this neighbourhood. From the summit of this range there is a space of one and three- quarter miles, and a fall of 1,800 feet to the next monument farther west, the various spurs in the intervening area being composed of loose rocks, liable to slide at any moment, and not affording any stable position for a monument. This next monu- ment is on the summit of a round topped mountain, altitude 4,728 feet. Number VIII is on a rough turfy plateau between the foot of the round-topped mountain and a small stream flowing south across the boundary. Number VII is three-eighths of a mile farther west and sixty feet west of top of the valley of the same stream. The elevations of these last two are 3,720 and 3,600 feet. The boundary now enters timber and continues in it more or less all the way to the Tatshenshini. Monument VI is a little over a hundred yards east of the crossing of a large stream flowing northwest and is in thick spruce timber. I believe some valu- able mineral will be found up this stream. It is the stream previously referred to as having its head waters connected by a pass with the stream flowing east through Sheep canyon on the Dalton trail. The remaining four monuments to Station 'N' are in a rolling country. Monu- ment ' N ' is east of the Tatshenshini on a plateau 160 feet above the river and 132 feet back from the edge of the top of the bank. The elevation of the river is here 1,600 feet, a fall of 1,100 feet occurring in the river during its course of thirty-five miles from ' M.' The distance between monuments ' M ' and ' N ' along the boundary is a little less than eleven and one-half miles. Any person looking for post 'N' should proceed southwest along the pack trail from Dalton post. After about thirteen miles a large stream, called Whitestone river, joins the Tatshenshini from the west ; the trail crosses this river close to its junction with the Tatshenshini. About a mile below Whitestone river is Bridge creek, also on the west side, which flows in a small canyon. The boundary is between five and six hundred yards below the mouth of Bridge creek. The production of the line was cut out across a small timbered island and for a short distance into the timber on the west bank. The island is being rapidly washed away. It is difficult to ford the Tatshenshini near ' N,' and it is too swift for a raft. We forded it between Bridge creek and Whitestone river, but the horses had frequently to swim. West of the Tatshenshini, the country contains rolling spruce covered hills for possibly fifteen miles when it reaches the foot of a lofty snow covered range running northwest, which attains an altitude of about 8,500 feet and holds many glaciers. Near TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BK&KCB 195 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b the boundary there is a good deal of timber around Bear camp, where an extensive belt of spruce runs around the lower slopes of the hills which stand on the east side of the Tatshenshini valley between Mansfield creek and Blanchard river. On the west side of the valley there are also small areas of spruce. Along Tatshenshini river itself timber commences about two miles below the old ford near ' Bear camp,' and continues there- after down the whole course of the river. Spruce follows up the Blanchard for about fifteen miles from its junction with the Tatshenshini. Small poplar occurs up the sides of nearly all the small streams. The limit of spruce appears to be about three thou- sand two hundred feet altitude. Poplar exists at a higher elevation than spruce in small sheltered valleys, and may be found up to three thousand four hundred feet, but on the open mountain sides and wide valleys it cannot live even as high as spruce. The nature of the soil may, of course, have something to do with this difference. Willow occurs as high as three thousand eight hundred feet if good soil happens to exist so high. The last of vegetation is reached, as a rule, about four thousand three hundred feet. The limit of poplar is almost reached on the boundary at the monu- ment in Horse canyon which is at an elevation of three thousand three hundred and thirty feet. West of this there is no timber until monument VII is reached. The monument, at an elevation of two thousand eight hundred feet, is in thick tim- ber and thereafter westerly the whole country is timbered. South of Dalton post a good deal of spruce occurs. There is no pine of any kind in the country. With regard to any elevations given in the neighbourhood of the boundary, it may be stated that the elevations of points on the boundary were connected by tri- gonometrical processes and may be relied upon relatively. If any correction should be applied to the whole, such correction could he most easily found by a reference to the boundary monument in Horse canyon. This monument is close to the Dalton trail and therefore easily accessible to any person who believes he can ascertain its true elevation above sea level. The season as a whole was fine. When we first reached lake Bennett on June 15 there was no snow even at altitudes of six thousand feet, except a few patches. I believe, however, that the country along the boundary near the White Pass railway has a milder climate than that near Dalton trail. June and July were fine with spells of heavy rain, but August had many fogs in the higher altitudes. The weather does not appear to change suddenly but oscillates back and forth from fine to bad weather. A storm may generally be expected to culminate four or five days after the first ap- pearance of clouds following a spell of fine weather. The weather then slowly re- covers. When preparing to take observations it is well to bear this in mind. On September 3, snow fell to an altitude of 5,900 feet, but four days afterwards a heavy rainstorm occurred and washed all the snow off up to 6,600 feet. 1' am inclined to think this storm would have been snow in most seasons. On September 18 four inches of snow fell as low as 3,000 feet, but this was obliterated by rain subsequently up to 4700 feet, which was the snow line when we started homeward on September 30. On October 1 snow began to fall at 3,800 feet, and at this altitude there was a depth of three feet of snow on October 8. As regards the valleys, though both latitude and altitude are high, while the season lasts there is no very great dif- ference from the season in the prairie provinces, but it ends suddenly and months earlier than in the provinces. To show that the climate is milder near lake Bennett and Windy Arm than farther west near Dalton post, I may say that when I was at Windy Arm on October 14, there was no snow at all along the boundary line, and even on the neighbouring higher peaks there was less snow than in the early summer. Along the Dalton trail there is good grass nearly everywhere up to 3,500 feet, and horses do well during the season. I believe the country north of Dalton post opens earlier in spring than to the south, but people who have been to Dalton post both by the Whitehorse and by the Chilkat recommend the latter as the best route. The season for the passage of horses across the summits of the Dalton trail between 25b— 13J 196 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 'Pleasant Camp' and Dalton post would appear to be from June 5 to October 5. I would rather try to begin earlier than make any attempt to stay later. We were very fortunate, but I saw enough to be able to appreciate the dangers of these sum- mits in bad weather. Throughout the season I met with the utmost courtesy from all United States officials and others, while passing through Alaska, and wish to express my acknowledg- ment of the same. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, J. N. WALLACE, D.L.S. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 197 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b APPENDIX No. 43. REPORT OF ARTHUR 0. WHEELER, D.L.S. PHOTO-TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS. Calgary, Alta., November 28, 1907. E. Deville, Esq., LL.D.. Surveyor General, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the past season's opera- tions : — Work in the field was commenced on June 21, and a party sent to Paradise valley, near lake Louise, where it was required to obtain some missing photographic data. Here also the party, under instructions from the deputy minister, assisted the Alpine Club of Canada in the organization and effectiveness of its second annual camp. Without such assistance the camp would have been impossible, for there are as yet few trained mountaineers in Canada, and the members of my climbing parties acted as guides upon this occasion. These, through long experience, are the equals and in some respects the superiors of Swiss guides. A word concerning the Alpine Club may not be amiss. It was organized on March 27, 1906, with a membership of 79, which has in less than two years increased to over 300. Members are scattered through the length and breadth of Canada, from Halifax to Vancouver. The membership is not confined to Canada, but extends to Australia, South Africa, France, England, Ireland and the United States of America, where it has representative* in ten states of the union. Three members of the Alpine Club of England, the oldest and most exclusive of all the Alpine clubs of the world, and three Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society, are among the Canadian club's members. The result of the organization is the springing up of a most enthusiastic appre- ciation-of Canada's mountain regions by Canadians, especially noticeable during the past summer, when more real mountaineering was done in the Canadian Rockies [than for three years previous, not only by our own people but by people from other countries. The value of the club was immediately recognized by the Canadian Pacific Rail- way company, and this powerful corporation has given it all possible assistance since its inception, quickly foreseeing that the thousands of which its membership will ulti- mately consist will be the best possible medium for converting the splendid Alpine tracts of Canada into a revenue producing centre, such as the European Alps, from the inflow of tourists. On July 15 the survey party was sent to Golden, B.C., in charge of M. P. Bridge- land, D.L.S. , my chief assistant, and climbing and photography for mapping purposes was immediately begun. Accompanied by two assistants and a packer I made a flying trip up the Yoho valley to the Yoho glacier, where metal plates had been set out the previous year for the purpose of ascertaining the rate of movement of the great ice tongue here out- flowing from the Wapta ice field. Too little attention has been bestowed upon this branch of science by the government surveyors in the mountains, and, though pos- sessing the best opportunities owing to the vast areas of ice and snow distributed 198 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 along the higher portions of the several mountain ranges, most of the observations made so far have been by scientists from other countries. Having checked the movements of the plates for the year, and made a quick photographic survey of the icefall and surrounding valley, I proceeded to Golden and, organizing two parties, crossed Columbia river. One party under Mr. Bridgeland was put to work in the Dogtooth mountains on the headwaters of Grizzly and Quartz creeks. With the other I carried the work southward along the west side of Columbia river. On August 25 Mr. Bridgeland's party recrossed Columbia river and commenced a survey of the Beaverfoot range southward along Columbia river valley. At the same time I pushed into the Spillimacheen mountains with the intention of paralleling the work of the party on the east side of the Columbia. Much delay and hindrance was caused to the work by the exceptionally stormy wet weather encountered during the months of August and September. It was in- tended that Mr. Bridgeland's party should work southward to the junction of Kootenay and Columbia rivers, but it was found impossible to get farther than thirty rniles from Golden. On the other side of the Columbia the dense forests extending many miles back from the stream forced us to keep to the heads of the tributary streams and to work from these sources to the peaks overlooking the valley of the main waterway. Between the north arid south branches of Spillimacheen river and southward there- from lies a magnificent tract of truly Alpine country, with wide icefields reaching in every direction, from which rise sharp peaks, snow-clad domes and rocky precipices in the wildest confusion, many of the peaks attaining an altitude of little less than 11,000 feet above sea level. Icefalls are everywhere and waterfalls leap from sheer heights many hundreds of feet, to the beautiful Alpiue valleys below. This tract is practically unknown and unmapped ; the peaks are unnamed, and, except in so far as it has been visited by the mining prospector, it is a new region and yet remains to be explored. It is the home of the caribou and wild goat, and would furnish a paradise for the tourist and lover of nature if properly brought to notice. Moreover, Col- umbia river as a navigable waterway, and pony trails made by prospectors up the main valleys to numerous mining prospects, render it comparatively easy of access. On S« ptember 19, owing to the continued wet weather, and the necessity of doing some work up Blaeberry river, and along the Columbia below Golden, I crossed the river and called in Mr. Bridgeland's party. This party was now sent up the Blaeberry to obtain sufficient data to enable the work carried northward from Tvick- ing Horse valley to be mapped along the Blaeberry. With my own party, I made a flying trip up Bluewater river and occupied several peaks in that vicinity. I then, with Donald as a base, occupi d three of the outlying peaks of Dogtooth range as far as Quartz creek near Beavermouth, thus completing the work which Mr. Bridgeland had been unable to finish owing to bad weather. The last two weeks of October were oeupied by Mr. Bridgeland's party in mak- ing a traverse up Blaeberry river to tie in the camera stations he had previously occupied. With my own party I made a traverse along the railway from Donald to Beavermouth, using the railway as a base to tie in the camera stations occupied on both sides of the Columbia valley. October was an exceptionally fine month and good work was accomplished, thus saving an otherwise disastrous season. The survey was closed upon that previously made of the Selkirk range and information is now at hand to furnish topographical maps of the mountain area lying along both sides of the Canadian Pacific railway between The Gap at the eastern escarpment and Revelstoke at the second crossing of Columbia river. This belt of topographically surveyed country extends largely to the limits of the railway belt. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 199 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b During the season forty peaks were climbed and seventy-seven samera stations occupied thereon. In addition twenty-four camera stations were occupied along the railway at various points of vantage. Four hundred and thirty-one plates were ex- posed and data completed to enable the mapping of more than one thousand square miles of mountain country, which work will be performed during the coming winter and spring. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, ARTHUR O. WHEELER, D.L.S., Topographer of the Department of the Interior, 3-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b A. 1909 DESCRIPTIONS OF TOWNSHIPS 201 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b A. 1909 DESCRIPTIONS SURVEYED TOWNSHIPS Submitted by Dominion Land Surveyors during the Season of 1907-1903 APPENDIX No. 44. LIST OF TOWNSHIPS DESCRIBED. East on Principal Meridian. Township. Range. 14 15 L6 16, 17 12, 7,8 12, 7 1R 17 8 15, 17. .. 9 16 10 fi, 6, 1, 13, 14, 12, 13 15,16 15, 16, 17 15, 16 13 14 15 16 16 lfi 17 West of Principal Meridian. 26, 27,28 28 28 18, 22, 28 14, 15, 21, 22,28.... 14, 22 22 22 21,' 25, 26, 28, 29, 32. 25, 26, 28, 32 26, 28, 32 26, 28, 32 23, 26, 28,32 10, 32 10, 32, 51 32 32 32 41. 41, 42, 43, 44 44 44 44 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 25 26 27 28 29 West of Principal Meridian— Con. Township. 24, 44.... 44 30, 44. 45 West of Second Meridian. Range. 30 31 32 37, 38, 45 37, 45 37, 38, 45 38, 39, 40, 45.... 38, 39,40, 45... 37, 38, 39, 40, 45 39, 40, 45 45 45 38, 40, 45 38, 39, 40, 45.... 41, 42, 43 30, 31, 50, 51, 52 30, 31, 50, 51, 52 1, 2, 30, 51, 52 . 1, 2, 51, 52 49, 51, 52 50, 51, 52 50, 52 44, 51, 52 4, 46, 50, 52 . . . 4,51,52 9, 51, 52 9, 45, 49, 52 9, 41, 12 41,42 0, 20, 21, 22.... 4, 5, 6, 17 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 203 204 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 List of Townships Described — Continued. West of Third Meridian. West of Fifth Meridian. Township. Range. Township. Range. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 21, 22, 24, 33, 34, 35. 37, 38, 52 .' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 , 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 27 28 13, 14 10, 11 1 2 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 21, 22, 23, 24, 33, 34, 38, 52 5, 11, 12, 51 11, 12, 50, 51... 10. 11, 12 11 20, 21, 22, 44, 47 48, 49, 54, 55, 56 49 54, 55, 57 3 4 5 6 7 11. 12, 34, 35, 48 54 53, 54, 55, 56 9 l], 12, 48, 49 10 11,12 11, 12 11, 12 53. 54 53, 54 52, 53, 54 11 12 13 47 11, 12, 49 10, 11, 49 49, 50, 51, 52 52, 53, 54, 73, 75 52, 53, 54, 73, 74, 75, 77 52, 53, 54, 77 51, 52, 53 52, 53, 54 52, 53 14 15 16 17 49, 50, 51, 52 8, 52 18 19 8 8 52, 53 52, 53, 84 20 21 8 52, 53 22 8 52, 53... 23 8 51, 52, 53 30, 31, 51, 52, 53 31, 32, 52, 53 24 51, 52, 53, 54 54 25 26 52, 53 27 West of Fourth Meridian. West of Sixth Meridian. 23 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 29 2 4, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 77, 78, 79, 80 80 3 27, 28 4 1, 2, 3, 4 19, 71, 72, 78 6 1, 2, 3, 4, 60 1 1 19 18 17, 18, 19 7 8 9 1, 7, 8 17, 18, 19 10 2, 8, 65, 66 17, 18 11 1, 2, 33, 34, 67, 68 18 18, 19 12 29, 30, 33, 34, 66, 67, 68 14 29, 30, 33, 34 33, 34 20 20 20, 21 19, 21 15 18 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 19 29, 30, 31, 33, 34. 66, 67, 68 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 65, 66, 67, 68 20 21 29, 30, 31, 65, 67, 68 16, 20... 22 10, 11, 24, 66, 67, 68 15, 16, 20, 21 23 60, 67, 68 20 24 10, 13, 65, 66, 67, 68 17, 22, 23 25 65 19, 20, 21 22 26 10 2 29 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAXCH 205 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b DESCRIPTIONS OF TOWNSHIPS. Note. — Numbers of townships are placed in heavy type on the left margin of the pages in the des criptions of townships. TOWNSHIPS EAST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range 7. 14. The greater portion of the west part of this township is rolling red sand and jaekpine ridges while the remainder is poplar bush, tamarack swamp and sloughs. The soil in the tamarack swamps is generally of a quicksand nature. Most of the merchantable timber has been removed to market via Tyndale on the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway. Many old lumber roads are to be found also the almost decomposed remains of the old lumber camps. An old lumber trail was found throughout the length of the west boundary of the township. These are only winter roads impassable in the summer time. — 0. F. Ayhivorth, D.L.S., 1907. 15. — The greater portion of this township for two miles south of the Indian reserve is a floating tamarack muskeg, and the greater portion of the balance of this township is rolling jaekpine, sand and gravel ridges. -C. F. Aylsworih, D.L.S., 1907. Range 8. 15, 16 and 17. — My route of approach to the east boundary or townships 17 and 16, range 8, and north boundary of township 15, range 9, was from the east by way of Lac du Bonnet, branch of the Canadian Pacific railway. I believe, however, that these lines may be more easily approached from the Brokenhead settlement on the west. The whole of the east boundary of townships 16 and 17, range 8 passes through an extensive marsh, containing a few scattered tamarack, willow scrub, rushes and long grass. The northern boundary of township 15, range 9 passes through a wooded district, except north of section 31, and the west half of 32 where tli Idie is situated in the marsh. This district is therefore very flat and wet, the only dry portion being the north boundary of sections 33, 34, 35 and 36, township 15. range 9, where the surface is slightly undulating. The only timber occurring upon the above mentioned lines is found on the north boundary of sections 33, 34, 35 and 36, township 15, range 9, where spruce, tamarack and poplar are found, though not in sufficiently large quantities or dimensions to be of great value for lumbering pur- poses. There is a large amount of hay land extending along the eastern boundary of townships 17 and 16, range 8, and along the north boundary of sections 31 and 32, township 15, range 9, but because of the extremely soft nature of the ground upon which it grows the district is very difficult of access, although it is possible that it may be reached from the Brokenhead settlement. No bodies or streams of fresh water occur along the above mentioned lines, although abundance of surface water is found everywhere throughout the marshy sections. No water-power occurs along these lines. As the city of Winnipeg is only a short distance from this township the climate is very similar in both localities, being comparatively dry with occasional extremes of both heat and cold. It is, however, suitable for the successful growing of all the ordinary Canadian cereals. An abundant supply of fuel can be obtained from the surrounding forest. Coal is not known to exist in the locality. No stone quarres nor minerals of economic value are known to occur. Several species of large game are very plentiful in this district, particularly moose, many fine specimens of which were observed during our survey. A smaller variety of deer, commonly known as jumping deer are also numerous, and black bear are occasionally met with. Ruffed grouse and spruce partridge are comparatively common but few other birds ■of any description were observed. — •/. W. Tyrrell, B.L.8., 1906. 206 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VI!.. A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS EAST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range 9. 15. This township is situated about twelve miles south of Fort Alexander and about the same distance northwest of Lac du Bonnet, the terminal point of a short branch of the Canadian Pacific railway, from which point it is most easily accessible. On account of extensive marshes and swamps in the neighbourhood the township is very difficult of access, at any time of the year, except when the swamps are solidly frozen, which does not always occur even in winter, when a great depth of snow falls early in the season. There is nothing in the shape of a travelled highway, or even a well opened bush road into this township, the only means of access being over a winter road cut by the party during my survey. This road leads in a northwesterly direction from Lac du Bonnet into the centre of township 16, range 10, thence directly west to the centre of this township, and from this point in a northerly direction to town- ship 17, range 9. The soil of this township varies from black muck in the western part to clay in the more central districts and sand and boulders in the east. Many central sections when cleared of timber appear to be well suited for general farming purposes, the eastern sections being more hilly and strewn with great boulders render- ing the soil less fit for cultivation, but quite suitable for grazing purposes. As above suited, the eastern portion of this township is somewhat hilly. The end of a long gravel ridge, which reaches several miles to the east extends over portions of sections 13, 24 and 25. The summit of this ridge crosses the eastern boundary near the northeast corner of section 13, and is about one hnudred feet above the surrounding country. A large portion of this ridge is covered by jackpine timber. The central portion of the township to the west of the above mentioned ridge is covered chiefly by poplar, birch and spruce timber, little of which was found to be of large size. The most westerly tier of sections is composed almost entirely of marshy land, overgrown in part with small tamarack, willow and alder scrub. This marsh even at the date of my survey (February) was still so soft as to barely carry our party, and was quite too soft to carry the teams. Although the greater portion of this township is covered with timber, little was found to be of sufficient size or quality to be of value for milling purposes. A few spruce occur in various places sufficiently large to be sawn into lumber. The same may be said 'of the jackpine covering the central portion of the eastern tier of sections, but the quantity is too limited to make the township of value as a timber berth. There is one large hay meadow in this township, occupying a portion of sections 22, 23 and 27 in the centre of which is a small open slough. Hay is also found on the most westerly tier of sections in the township, but because of the soft marshy nature of the country on which it grows access to it is very difficult and it will probably be of little value until a system of drainage is established. The only open water occurring in this township is found in a small slough situated upon the northeast quarter of section 22, although an abundance of surface water is found everywhere upon the marshy sections in the western portion of the township. It might be mentioned that some fresh water springs were observed on the northern slope of the centre ridge in sections 25, 24 and 13. No water-power exists in this township. As this township is close to the city of Winnipeg, the climate is very simi- lar in both localities, being comparatively dry with occasional extremes both of heat and cold. It is however not such as to prevent the successful growing of all the or- dinary Canadian cereals. The township is abundantly supplied with fuel from the forest. Coal is not known to exist in the locality, but there is an abundance of wood in all parts of the township. No rock exposures are known to occur in this township from which building stone might he quarried. No minerals of economic value are known to occur. Several species of large game are very common in this township and surrounding district, particularly moose, many fine specimens of which were observed, during our survey. A smaller variety of deer, commonly known as jumping TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 207 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS EAST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range 9 — Continued. deer, are also numerous, while black bear are occasionally met with. Ruffed grouse and spruce partridge are comparatively common, but few other birds of any kind were observed.^/. W. Tyrrell, D.L.S., 1906. 15. — There is no summer road at present reaching this township but a good win- ter road crosses from Milner siding on the east to Brokenhead river country on the west passing across the southern part of the township. On May 24 this road was frozen solid where it crossed the muskegs. The only good land there is exists in iso- lated sections. The township is mostly swampy except some very stony ridges of sand. Most of the surface is covered with timber ranging from scrub and deadfall to large poplar and spruce. There are some hay meadows in the northeast corner of the township and also near the west boundary along the edges of marshes existing there. The water is all fresh. There are some small creeks but they were not located or noticed in the winter as the snow was deep. They flow from the muskegs westerly into the marshes. No stone, minerals, coal or water-powers were observed. Moose, deer, chicken, wolves and small game are found. — Geo. H. Watt, D.L.S., 1906. 15, 16 and 17. — My route of approach to the east boundary of townships 17 and 16, range 8 and north boundary of township 15, range 9, was from the east by way of Lac du Bonnet, branch of the Canadian Pacific railway. I believe, however, that these lines may be more easily approached from the Brokenhead settlement on the west. The whole of the east boundary of townships 16 and 17, range 8, passes through an extensive marsh, containing a few scattered tamrack, willow scrub, rushes and long grass. The northern boundary of township 15, range 9 passes through a wooded district, except north of section 31, and the west half of 32 where the line is situated in the marsh. This district is therefore very flat and wet, the only dry portion being the north boundary of sections 33, 34 35 and 36, township 15, range 9, where the surface is slightly undulating. The only timber occurring upon the above mentioned lines is found on the north boundary of se -tions 33, 34, 35 and 36, town- ship 15, range 9, where spruce, tamarack and poplar are found, though not in suffi- ciently large quantities or dimensions to be of great value for lumbering purposes. There is a large amount of hay land extending along the eastern boundary of town- ships 17 and 16, range 8, and along the north boundary of sections 31 and 32, town- ship 15, range 9, but because of the extremely soft nature of the ground upon which it grows the district is very difficult of access, although it is possible that it may be reached from the Brokenhead settlement. No bodies or streams of fresh water occur along the above mentioned lines, although abundance of surface water is found everywhere throughout the marshy sections. No water-power occurs along these lines. As the city of Winnipeg is only a short distance from this township the climate is very similar in both localities, being comparatively dry iwith occasional extremes of both heat and cold. It is, however, suitable for the successful growing of all the ordinary Canadian cereals. An abundant supply of fuel can be obtained from the surrounding forest. Coal is not known to exist in the locality. No stone quarries nor minerals of economic value are known to occur. Several species of large game are very plentiful in this district, particularly moose, many fine speci- mens of which were observed during the survey. A smaller variety of deer, com- monly known as jumping deer are also numerous and black bear are occasionally met with. Ruffed grouse and spruce partridge are comparatively common, but few other birds of any description were observed. — J. W. Tyrrell, D.L.S., 1906. 17. — Because of extensive swamps and muskegs, situated both to the east and west access to the township is very difficult except during the winter season, 208 DEPARTMEST OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS EAST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range 9 — Continued. when the swamps are solidly frozen. During the past winter while I was engaged in the survey of this township I found that the frost did not penetrate these swamps, owing to the deep snow occurring early in the season and they were but slightly frozen throughout the entire winter. Consequently it was with the greatest difficulty that I was able to gain access to the various parts of the township having to make roads by tramping the snow with snowshoes and allowing it to freeze solidly for some days previous to our passing over it. The toiwnship is situated about six miles directly south of Fort Alexander and when the swamps are frozen it is very easily reached from that place. The soil of the eastern portion of this township is composed chiefly of heavy clay, while the western part consists almost entirely of soft muskeg or marsh, which in some places is grown up with small scrub, tamarack and willow, while other parts are more open, containing only tall rushes and long bluejoint grass, which in some places was observed to be eight feet high. There is a considerable area of land in the eastern sections of the township well situated for general agricul- tural purposes, after being cleared of timber, but the whole western portion of the township is utterly unfit, in its present state, for occupation in any capacity. It seems quite probable, however, that even this marshy section of country can be drained as it is situated comparatively near Winnipeg river and at considerable height above it, and the construction of a drainage system, therefore, might change this marsh area into very valuable land. The surface of the eastern portion of this township is more or dess rolling and hilly in some places, but the western portion comprises one vast flat, marsh grown up, as already stated with tamarack, willow and rushes. The distribution of timber corresponds practically to that of the dry land, and thus occurs upon the eastern sections of the township. The chief variety is white poplar, although a few spruce and tamarack, large enough for lumber occur scattered throughout the various sections of the township. As a whole, the township may be said to contain a comparatively small amount of valu- able timber, by far the greater portion being covered with small tamarack and black spruce. A large quantity of bluejoint and other varities of grass occur upon the western half of this township, but under present conditons it is of little or no value, as during the ordinary seasons access to it is quite impossible. On the west part of section 22 I discovered a small stack of hay, which had been cut several years pre- viously but could not be removed owing to the land being too soft to admit of the passage of horses or wagons. No lakes or fresh water streams of any importance occur upon this township, but almost the entire surface is abundantly supplied with marsh or swamp water. No water-power occurs in this township. As the city of Winnipeg is only a short distance from this township the climate is very similar in both localities, being comparatively dry with occasional extremes both of heat and cold. It does not however prevent the successful growing of all the ordinary Cana- dian cereals. The township is abundantly supplied with fuel from the forest. Coal is not know to exist in the locality but there is an abundance of wood in all parts of the township. Few rock exposures occur in this township, as the greater part of the surface is composed of swamp or marsh. A few bluffs of granite however, were noticed in some of the eastern sections, and it is possible that from these good build- ing stone might be obtained. No minerals of economic value are known to occur. Several species of large game are very abudant in this township and surrounding district, particularly moose, many fine specimens of which were observed during our survey. A smaller variety of deer commonly known as jumping deer is also very common and black deer are occasionally met with. Ruffed grouse and spruce part- ridge are comparatively common, but few other birds of any description were ob- served.^. W. Tyrrell, D.L.S., 1906. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 209 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS EAST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range 10. 16. — This township is situated about five miles northwest of Lae du Bonnet, the terminal point of a short branch of the Canadian Pacific railway and it is most easily approached by means of a winter road, from that place. On account of more extensive marshes and swamps in the neighbourhood, the township is more or less difficult of access, at any time of the year, except when the swamps are solidly frozen, which does not always occur even in winter, when a great depth of snow falls early in the season. There is nothing in the shape of a travelled highway or even a well opened bush road into this township, the only means of access being over a winter road cut by the party during my survey. This road leads in a northerly direction from Lac du Bonnet into the centre of the township. The soil varies from black muck and peat in the east to sand and boulders in the west and central sections, most of the latter being traversed by a high sandy ridge covered chiefly by jackpine timber. Ine greater portion of this township is entirely too wet in its present con- dition to render it suitable for settlement, although when a system of drainage is introduced the greater portion of it will doubtless be found quite suitable for culti- vation and the raising of all ordinary farm produce. The central and western sec- tions of this township are occupied by a high gravel ridge, the surface of which is strewn with huge boulders, and is otherwise covered with jackpine forest. The eastern and southern portions are chiefly flat and marshy and too wet in their present con- dition for cultivation. There is a very considerable amount of jackpine, spruce and tamarack timber occurring upon the sandy ridge occupying the west central sections of the township but the remainder is wooded with small poplar and tamarack scrub. A considerable amount of marsh hay occurs in the swampy sections of the eastern part of the township, although on account of the extremely wet, soft character of the ground upon which it grows it is of little value because access to it is very difficult. No bodies or streams of open water were observed in this township, although large quantities of surface water occur everywhere upon the marshy lands to the east and south. No water-power exists in the township. As the city of Winnipeg is only a short distance from the township the climate is very similar in both localities, being comparatively dry with occasional extremes of heat and cold. This does not, however, prevent the successful growing of all the ordinary Canadian cereals. The township is abundantly supplied with fuel from the forest. Coal is not known to exist in the locality, but there is abundance of wood in all parts of the township. Several ex- posures of granite occur upon sections 2 and 3 of this township and from these, as well as from enormous boulders scattered over the sandy ridge occupying the central and western sections of the township it is quite probable that a good quality of building stone may be obtained. No minerals of economic value are known to occur. Several species of large game are very numerous in this township and surrounding district, particularly moose, many fine specimens of which were observed during our survey. A smaller variety of deer, commonly known as jumping deer, is also plenti- ful while black bear are occasionally met with. Buffed grouse and spruce partridge are comparatively common, but few other birds of any description were observed. — J. W. Tyrrell, D.L.S., 1906. 17. — This township is situated about eighteen miles east of the south end of lake Winnipeg, thirty miles north of the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway and twelve miles northwest of Lac du Bonnet, th» tevminus of a short branch of that railway. Access to this township is by no means easv, not on account of its remote- ness, but on account of it being almost completely hemmed in by wide expanses of muskeg, too soft, unless frozen, to admit of being crossed by wagons or pack horses. It can be reached from Fort Alexander, twelve miles northwest by what is known as 25b— 14 210 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII. A., 1909 TOWNSHIPS EAST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range 10 — Continued. Fort Alexander trail, which traverses sections 35, 36, 25, 24 and 13, but I found it more convenient to reach the township from Lac du Bonnet, and in doing so had to cut a bush road along the bank of Winnipeg river as far as section 9, township 17, range 11„ where we struck the winter road to Fort Alexander and followed it to the east boundary of the township, though this road had also to be recut to admit of the passage of the wagons. Although two weeks were spent in cutting this road, there is still no through summer highway from Lac du Bonnet, ss in many plices we fol- lowed the shore of the river or lake, which would be under water during: the earlier part of the summer. The south and west sections of this township may be described generally as swampy, and the soil varying from a half decomposed moss to a rich black muck. The northeast portion of this township, however, is somewhat higher and the soil is composed chiefly of a light sandy clay of fairly good quality. A large portion of this township being- composed of muskeg is very flat, but the northeast set tions toward Winnipeg river are more rolling, with enormous rock exposures and are generally heavily timbered with white poplar, spruce, balsam, tamarack, ash and birch, while the southwest sections are wooded chiefly with tamarack, black spruce, willow and alder scrub. There is a considerable amount of good spruce and tamarack timber found throughout the eastern half of the township except in sections 2 and 3. The spruce varies in size from about eight to twenty-four inches in diameter while tamarack is found as large as twenty inches in diameter. Though of less value white poplar predominates and is occasionally found as large as twenty inches in diameter. There is very little hay land in this township, as it is mostly heavily timbered. A considerable amount of hay and long coarse grass occur in many of the western sections of this township, but the land is entirely too wet to admit of hay being cut. Winnipeg river is the chief water supply of this township. It flows through sections 25 and 26, and is a very large stream. The greater part of the township is very wet which is a great drawback towards its occupation. No water- power exists in this township. There are several falls along Winnipeg river but none within this township. As the city of Winnipeg is only a sh^rt distance from this township the climate is very similar in both localities being comparatively dry with occasional extremes both of heat and cold. This does not, however, prevent the suc- cessful growing of all the ordinary Canadian cereals. The township is abundantly supplied with fuel from the forest. Coal is not known to exist in the locality but there is abundance of wood in all parts of the township. Enormous exposures of granite occur in some of the northeast sections of this township and although no quarries have yet been opened up it seems quite probable that a fine quality of build- ing stone might be available. No minerals of economic value are known to exist in this township. Several species of large game are very numerous in this township and surrounding district, particularly moose, many fine specimens of which were observed during our survey. A smaller variety of deer, commonly known as jumping deer are also plentiful, and black bear are occasionally met with. Buffed grouse and spruce partridge are comparatively common, but few other birds of any description were observed.— J. W. Tyrrell, D.L.S., 1906. Range 13. 6. — All the land in this township ranks as third class. The soil is mostly black loam with a sandy subsoil, but the township is made up mostly of spruce and tama- rack swamps covered with heavy bush and these, if cleared and drained, would make good land for farming purposes. The surface is nearly all level and covered with spruce and tamarack, but along Whitemouth river, which runs through the south half TOPOGRAPHICAL SVRYETS BRAXCR 211 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS EAST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range 13 — Continued. of the township, there is considerable poplar and thick willow. The spruce, tamarack and poplar range in size from four to ten inches in diameter. The spruce and tama- rack is equally distributed throughout the whole township, but the poplar is found only along Whitemouth river. Hay can be cut all along the banks of the river. The water is all of first class quality and is very plentiful. If not found on the surface it can easily be had by digging a few feet. The water in Whitemouth river is first class. There are no water-powers available. The climate is the general Manitoba climate, with no indication of summer frosts. Fuel is very plentiful and can be had all through this district, consisting of spruce, tamarack, poplar and jackpine. There are no coal or lignite veins, stone quarries or minerals of :ny km1. The only game to be found is moose and bear, which are very plentiful. There are no trails running through the town-hip. but the Dawson road is a few miles to the m rth of the township, running to Ste. Anne, a town on the Canadian Northern railway, where there are stores, schools, post office, &c. — John Moll y, D.L 8., 19 ' 6. 12. — (Base line) — Starting from Whitemouth we crossed Whitemouth river by a bridge about one-half mile south of the village, and followed a good loal east and north till we reached a Swede's house at the north boundary of township 11, range' 12. Here the good road ended and from this point we followed the north boundary of the township through one and one-half miles of muskeg, where wj ! ad to rut brush across the trail. We crossed Bog river by means of a bridge which we built, and from there we turned northeast following a trail which struck the east boundary of township 12, range 12, just south of the northeast corner of section 12. We followed this east boundary north to within three-quarters of a mile of where our survey began, which was as near as we could get to it with horses on account of muskeg. The land all along this base line is entirely unfit for agriculture. Moose, rabbits and prairie chickens were plentiful. No minerals of economio value were found. The climate is similar to that of other parts of Manitoba. The country along the north boundary of this township is muskeg, broken by numerous rocky ridges from twenty to sixty feet high. It has been swept by fire and is now covered by de.d pitchpine and poplar, heavy windfall and small green poplar, willow and pitchpine. Little Rennie river crosses the north boundary of section 31, flowing northwest. There are aio water-powers. Some hay could be cut near the river. — B. J. Saunders, D.L.S.f 1906. 13. — The township may be reached by a sleigh road from Whitemouth in winter, or in summer by boat or canoe on Winnipeg, Shell and Little Rennie rivers. Large areas of good soil are not to be found. The surfacs of the Sjutheri two-th'.rds of the township is, generally speaking, rough and rugged, with bare granite hills or knolls protruding from the muskeg. The slopes of the rocky ridges are timbered with second growth spruce, poplar and jackpine, all standing in a mass of deadfall and upturned roots. In the northern part of the township there are some large muskegs with prac- tically no valuable timber. On the higher ground a few spruce may be found scat- tered through the woods, which are mostly poplar with everywhere a tang'e! mass of maple, hazel and birch undergrowth. Along Little Rennie river in the east half of the township there are good hay m?adows, some of which are liable tj b2 flood dwhsn Winnipeg river rises in the late summer. Fresh water is everywhere plentiful. The Little Rennie is navigable for boats drawing three feet of water for about ten miles in this township, where two falls occur, one six and the other about fourteen feet high. The river is from sixty to two hundred feet wide and has little current. There is very little difference between the level of Winnipeg river and that of this 25b— m 212 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS EAST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range IS — Continued. river where it crosses section 8, that is, in ordinary late summer levels. Rock exposed is everywhere the pink granite of northern and Western Ontario. No minerals were seen. Bear, moose, caribou and deer are plentiful; also pike and pickerel in the river, and countless numbers of ducks in the fall of the year. — Geo. H. Watt, D.L.S., 1907. 14. — This township may be reached by canoe on Winnipeg river either from iKenora or Lac du Bonnet. The only soil of any value is in small strips or areas along the riverside. The surface is everywhere timbered, but some has been overrun by fire and brule, and deadfall in the northern part of the township is most difficult to travel over. The timber is principally poplar and jackpine, with thick growth of underbrush everywhere. There is no hay in this township. The water is everywhere good especially in Winnipeg river, which is a beautiful stream. There are no water- powers, stone quarries or minerals. The climate seems to be good, no summer frost- being experienced. Game is plentiful, moose, caribou, deer and bear having at dif- ferent times been seen by my party. Small game and wildfowl are also to be found in season.— Geo. H. Watt, DI,.S., 1907. 15. — The township is crossed by the tramway being built by the city of Winnipeg, which crosses the township from west to east along the north interior chord. The northerly third of the township is mostly burned over but the remainder is timbered with fair sized poplar, spruce, birch and jackpine of fair size. The surface is every- where broken by rock ridges covered with jackpine, some of them burned over. Be- tween the ridges where there is no muskeg there is mostly clay soil supporting a heavy growth of poplar and birch, with dense underbrush. The soil is good but areas of it are so much broken by ridges of rock that for farming purposes the town- ship is of very little value. There is little hay though water everywhere in creeks and in Bice lake is fresh, and good to drink. I know of no minerals, stone quarries or water-powers. Moose, deer, caribou, bear, lynx and wolves are numerous. — Geo. H. Watt, D.L.8., 1907. 16. — From Whitemouth we proceeded by a good winter road to the village of Lac du Bonnet. Thence we followed a well travelled road, north, along the west bank of Lac du Bonnet, for about five miles. From this point wi travelled acros; Lac du Bonnet to the northeast corner of the lake, where our survey began. On ac- count of the great depth of snow it was impossible to judge as to the mineral re- sources of the country. A few moose were seen and many fresh tracks were noticed. Coyotes, rabbits and porcupines were also seen. The climate is similar to that of uther parts of Manitoba. The country along the north boundary of township 16, range 13 is mostly rock with some low ground and muskeg and is totally unfit for agriculture. The surface is rolling and is heavily timbered with good spruce and poplar averaging about ten inches in diameter. Lac du Bonnet extends into the northwest corner of the township and Pinawa channel of Winnipeg river flows up the west side. The water is fresh and good and free from alkaline substances. Eight or ten miles to the south of Pinawa channel, are rapids and falls which are euitable for the development of power. — B. J. Saunders, D.L.S., 1906. 16. — This township is broken by Lac du Bonnet and may be reached by boat or canoe from the lake, or the northern part of the township may be reached by Oiseau river route and the southern part by canoe on the creek that flows out of Rice lake and empties into Lee river. There is very little soil of any value as such. There is a strip of poplar country bordering on the lake which might be tilled if the woods TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BflU.YCfl 213 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS EAST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range 18 — Continued. were cleared off. The surface is rough — much broken by granite ridges — some of them very abrupt and steep. The timber is mostly poplar, jackpine ar.d spruce gene- rally small sized, with occasional heavy woods. The southern part of the township has been burned bare and is covered with second growth timber and scrub. I do not think there is any timber large enough for ties. There is little or no hay to be found. The water is everywhere good and fresh. There are no water-powers. I have seen no stone quarries or minerals of any kind. Game abounds, moose, deer, caribou, bears, lynx, &c, and are often seen in season. Wolves are plentiful this winter. — Geo. H. Watt, D.L.S., 1907. 17. — The township may be reached by boat or canoe from Lac du Bonnet which encroaches on the southwest corner of the township and Bird or Oiseau river, crosses it from east to west in the southern third of the township. A small quantity of hay may be cut at the mouth of the river. The surface of the country is rough, broken by rocky ridges. Between these in the northwestern part of the township there are spruce and tamarack muskegs. In other parts of the township the wood is mcstly poplar and birch. There is everywhere dense scrub of maple, hazel and willow, and along the creeks, which are very small, alder swamps. There might be some home- steads located here, but none would be very large on account of the rocky ridges. The water is everywhere fresh and the climate good. About ten years ago there wa9 a rush of gold seekers to this part of the country, and there is much evidence of the claims which were staked out there still to be found. Game consists of moose, deer, bear and furbearing animals. Geese and ducks are plentiful in season. Wolves, large and small are also found. — Geo. H. Watt, D.L.8., 1907. Range 14. 6. — The soil in this township is mostly black loam, but as the township is nearly all spruce and tamarack swamps, the soil is only fourth class. The whole of the town- ship is covered with bush consisting principally of spruce and tamarack from three to nine inches in diameter, equally distributed throughout the township. There ia very little hay to be found and no water-powers, stone quarries, conl or lignite veins. The water is all of first class quality and can be had in any quantity all over the township at any time of the year. There are two small lakes on the north boundary of section 20 and one large lake on the north boundary entering into township 7. Fuel is very plentiful and either spruce or tamarack can be had in all parts of the township. Moose and black bear are very plentiful all through this section of coun- try. The Dawson road leading to Ste. Anne, a station on the Canadian Northern railway, passes through the southern portion of township 7, range 14, in a northerly direction.-^7o/m Molloy, D.L.8., 1906. 7. — The soil in this township is mostly black loam or clay, but on account of its being nearly all a spruce and tamarack swamp, the greater part of which is covered with water, the land is useless for farming purposes. The whole of the township is covered with heavy bush, mostly spruce and tamarack, equally distributed, and aver- aging about seven inches in diameter. There is little or no hay to be found except along Birch river, which flows through the western part of the township in a northerly direction. All the water throughout the township is of first class quality, and can be had in any part at any time of the year without digging. There are no water powers, stone quarries, coal or lignite veins to be found. Wood is very plentiful, and can be had in large quantities all through the district. Moose and black bear 214 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS EAST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range 14 — Continued. are about the only game found. The Dawson road passes through the southern pa-t c! the township and runs to Ste. Anne, a station on the Canadian Northern railway, where there are churches, stores, a post office, schools, &c. — John Molloy, D.L.S., 190%. 8. There is very little land in this township fit for farming or grazing purposes, a? it consists principally of spruce and tamarack swamp, and parts of it are very stony. The soil in the swamps is nearly all black or sandy loam. Nearly all of the township is thickly timbered, with principally spruce and tamarack, with some cedar i ad poplar about equally distributed, and ranging in diameter from four to ten inches- All the water to be found is of first class quality, and can be had in almost any part of the township at any time of the year without digging. Birch river, a stream about fifty feet wide, enters the township in section 1, and runs in a westerly direc- tion through sections 1, 2, 3 and 4. Fuel is very plentiful all through this secti n of country, consisting chiefly of spruce and tamarack. There a e no ttone quarries, coal or lignite veins to be found. The climate is the general Manitoba climate, without any indication of summer frosts. Moose, caribou and black b ar are ver;.- plentiful. There are no trnils of any kind leading through the township, but th Dawson road running from the village of Ste. Anne, passes about four miles to the south, running to the eastern boundary of the province. — John Molloy, D.L.S.. 1907. 12. — (Base line). — All the north boundary of this township is rough, rocky country, interspersed with muskegs. The surface has been swept by fira and is now covered with dead, standing and fallen timber and small green pitch pine. Whiteshell river crosses the north boundary of section 36. South of the line it expands into a lake about two miles wide, which extends into range 15. There a e no water-powers in this township. — B. J. Saunders, D.L.S., 1906. 13. — This township may be reached by canoe from Lac du Bonnet via (1) Winni- peg river, (2) Whiteshell river and little Rennie river. The township is. as a w'n I unfit for settlement, as the greater part has been burned over, and only remnants of the timbered area remain in isolated places. The surface is a succession of rocky ridges up to one hundred feet in height, some rising perpendicularly for fifty feet. Along the northern boundary there is some fairly level land heavily timbered with poplar, jackpine and spruce. Along both Whiteshell and Little Rennie rivers consider- able areas of hay lands exist, but I believe in years of high water on Winnipeg river a certain amount is inundated. In the rivers are found jackfish, whitefi>h, sturgeon and pickerel, all of which are plentiful. Water is everywhere and fre^h. There are no economic minerals, stone quarries of valuable water-powers that I know of. Moose, deer, bear, caribou, lynx and wolves are found. — Geo. H. Watt, D.L.S.. 1907. 15. — This township was reached from township 15, range 15, by travelling over the ice of lake No. 3 and across Winnipeg river immediately above Pointe du Bois falls. The only good soil in this township occurs in small patches between the rocky ridges in the north half of the township, and this is not suited for agricultural pur- poses. A great deal of th"e west half of the township is swamp and muskeg. The surface is covered with jackpine, spruce, tamarack, poplar, birch and balsam. The swamps are wooded with spruce and tamarack from one to eight inches in diameter, and the ridges with jackpine, spruce, poplar, birch and balsam from three to twelve inches, but no timber suitable for lumbering purposes is found. No hay is found. Fresh water is abundant in the marshes, lakes and swamps. Winnipeg river runs southerly through the eastern tier of sections, the shore? are high and rocky, anil the land is not liable to be flooded. Pointe du Bjis falls are in the centre of section TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAXCB 215 SESSIONAL'PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS EAST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range lit — Continued. ♦ 36. Here the corporation of the city of Winnipeg is developing power. By using the rapids below the falls and by the construction of a darn, the effective head will be forty-five feet and the proposed development is 40,000 horsepower. At the time of survey (March), a small camp had been erected at the site and a portion of the land cleared. Slave falls are situated in the southwest corner of section 12. Here the river passes between two rocks, and is less than 300 feet iwide. A considerable amount of power could easily be developed here by the construction of a dam. The climate at the time of the survey was the ordinary winter weather of Manitoba. Fuel is everywhere abundant. No stone quarries nor minerals were found. Game con- sists of moose and caribou. — J. L. R. Parsons, 1907. 16. — The north boundary of township 16, range 14, runs through rock, broken by muskeg. The surface is rolling and is covered chiefly with poplar, spruce and pitch- pine, averaging about eight inches in diameter. The country is entirely unfitted for agriculture. Winnipeg river flows through the southeast corner of the township. This part of the river is a succession of falls and rapids, rendering it particularly suited for the development of power. — B. J. Saunders, D.L.S., 1906. 16. This township was reached from Lac du Bonnet station on the Canadian Pacific railway by travelling on the ice across Lac du Bonnet to the mouth of Oiseau river, thence up the river for two miles; from there by my own trail eastward to the northwest corner of the township. It is a good winter trail. Practically no soil occurs in the township. The swamps and muskegs being rock-bound, cannot be drained, and therefore are not suitable for agricultural purposes. The greater part of the township is composed of rocky ridges. The surface is covered with jackpine, spruce, tamarack, poplar and birch. The swamps are wooded with spruce and tama- rack from one to eight inches in diameter, the ridges with jackpine of a similar size, and scattered clumps of poplar and birch from three to ten inches in diameter. Much windfall and fire-killed timber occurs, but none suitable for lumbering purposes. No hay is found. Fresh water is abundant in the marshes, lakes and swamps. The Winnipeg river crosses the corner of the township in sections 12, 1 and 2. This part of the river is in the form of a lake-like expansion, with numerous islands and high rocky shores. The land is not liable to flooding to any extent. Contours have been taken, however, to determine the flooding areas by the corporation of the city of Winnipeg, in connection with the power development at Pointe du Bois falls in sec- tion 36, township 15, range 14. The weather during the survey (January) was the usual winter weather of Manitoba, the lowest point reached by the thermometer being 53 degrees. Fuel is everywhere available in the form of windfall, dead and fire-killed tiees. No coal was found. Bock ' in place ' is everywhere to be found, but no quarry stone nor minerals were observed. Moose, lynx and mink are the only game. — J. L. R. Parsons, D.L.S., 1907. Range 15. 1. The soil in this township would nearly all rank as second class, being a black or sandy loam of good depth. The whole of the township is heavily timbered, with the exception of parts of sections 29, 30, 31 and 32. There is a large, open muskeg in these sections running in a northeasterly direction, with an average depth of water of about two feet. The soil would all be suitable for farming purposes when cleared of the timber. The timber is about equally distributed throughout the township, and is of all sizes, from five to fifteen inches in diameter. Poplar, spruce and tamarack are about the only kinds of timber to be found, although there is some small birch. 216 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS EAST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range 15 — Continued. All the water is of first class quality, and can be had in almost any part of the township by digging a few feet. There are no creeks or streams to be found. The land is not liable to be flooded. The climate is the general Manitoba climate, with no indication of summer frosts. Fuel is very plentiful all through this section of coun- try, consisting principally of spruce, tamarack and poplar. There are no coal or lignite veins, stone quarries or minerals. Moose and jumping deer are about the only kinds of game to be found, and are pentiful. The main line of the Canadian Northern railway crosses the township in a straight line from the northeast corner of section 7 to the northeast corner of section 1. The railway siding, Gravel Pit spur, is just on the east boundary of section 12, where there is a section house. The town of Sprague, where there is a station, store, postoffice, school, &c, is about three miles west of this township. — John Molloy, D.L.8., 1907. 12. (Base line.) — The north boundary of this township is rough, rocky country, interspersed with muskeg. The surface is covered, for the most part, with small pitchpine, poplar, willow, spruce and tamarack, but near the lake there is some poplar eight to fourteen inches in diameter. There are two lakes in the northwest corner of the township, which are expansions of Whiteshell river, flowing northwest- erly through this township. Between these two lakes are two falls about five feet in height, and north of the base line there are rapids. — B. J. Saunders, D.L.S., 1906. 15. This township was reached by my own trail southerly through the centre of township 16, range 15. There is very little good soil in the township, the greater part being composed of rocky ridges. Between these ridges are swamps and muskegs in which the soil is chiefly black loam on a clay subsoil. There is no farm land. The surface is well wooded, being covered with jackpine, spruce, tamarack, poplar and birch. The swamps are wooded with spruce and tamarack from one to eight inches in diameter; the ridges with jaekpine and scattered poplar, birch and balsam from three to ten inches in diameter. The shores of the neighbouring lakes usually support timber of larger and better quality, but no timber suitable for lumbering purposes is found. There is no hay in this locality. Fresh water is everywhere obtainable in the swamps, muskegs and numerous lakes. Winnipeg river flows through the west sides of sections 31, 30 and 19. The west boundary of section 19 crosses Eightfoot falls. Here the river passes between two high rocks, and a con- siderable amount of power could be easily developed by a dam which would increase the head to fifteen or twenty feet. The climate is the ordinary weather of Manitoba. Fuel is abundant in the form of windfall, dead and fire-killed trees, but no coal was found. Neither stone quarries nor minerals were observed. Mcore, caribou, lynx, mink and fisher are the only game. — J. L. R. Parsons, D.L S., 1907. 16. This township was reached by way of Mr. B. J. Saunders' trail along the north boundary of township 16, range 14, thence over the ice of lake Saunders. This is a good winter trail. There is only a small proportion of soil in the township, the greater part being composed of rocky ridges. Between these ridges are swamps and muskegs in which the soil is chiefly black loam on a clay subsoil. The surface is covered with jaekpine, spruce, tamarack, poplar and birch. The swamps are wooded with spruce and tamarack from one to eight inches in diameter. The ridges with jaekpine of similar dimensions, and with scattered clumps of poplar and birch from three to ten inches in diameter. The land along the right bank of Winnipeg river supports a good growth of poplar, spruce and birch from four to twelve inches in diameter, but no timber suitable for_ lumbering purposes occurs. No hay is found TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRIANCE 217 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS EAST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range 15 — Continued. in this township. Fresh water is abundant in the marshes, swamps and creeks. Winnipeg river crosses the township almost diagonally from northeast to south- west, where it takes the form of several lake-like expansions containing a number of islands. Lamprey falls occurs in section 23. The descent is about twelve, feet but it is not well suited for the development of power, since there are only short rapid3 above and below the falls, and the present head may be decreased when the dam at Pointe du Bois is completed. No other water-powers occur. The weather duTing the survey (February) was the usual winter weather of Manitoba. Fuel is every- where available in the form of windfall, dead and fire-killed trees. No coal was found. Rock in place is everywhere exposed on the surface, but no quarry stone nor minerals were found. Moose, caribou, lynx and mink are the only game. — J. L. R. Parsons, D.L.S., 1907. 16. The country along the north boundary of township 16, range 15, is mostly rock, broken by some muskeg and low ground, and is quite unsuitable for agricul- ture. The surface is rolling and is covered chiefly with poplar, pitch pine, spruce and birch, averaging from six to eight inches in diameter. There is a lake in the northwest corner of the township. Winnipeg river enters at the east of the town- ship, about one and one-half miles south of the north boundary, and flowing south- west leaves the township at the southwest corner. There is a large fall about the centre of the township, from which considerable power could be developed. — B. J. Saunders, D.L.S., 1906. Range 16. 16. The country along the north boundary of township 16, range 16, is rock, broken by muskeg and lakes, and is not suitable for agriculture. The surface is rolling, and is covered with small pitchpine, spruce, poplar and balsr.m of no market- able value. Winnipeg river flows across the township from east to west, leaving the township about one and one-half miles south of the north boundary. It is not so suitable here for the development of power as it is farther west. — B. J. Saunders, D.L.S., 1907. Range 17. 16. The country along the north boundary of township 16, range 17, is mostly rock, broken by numerous lakes, and is totally unfit for agriculture. The surface is hilly and rises in places seventy-five feet above the lakes. The north boundary of sections 33, 24, 35 and 36 crosses five lakes, a large lake being situated in the north- east corner. The timber is mostly small, but there is some poplar, birch, tamarack, spruce and pitchpine, averaging nine inches in diameter. Winnipeg river flows across the southwest" corner of the township. A few miles farther southeast along the river, there are some rapids from which power could be developed. — B. J. Saunders, D.L.S., 1906. TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range 1. 26. On the east boundary of sections 1, 12, 13, 25 and 36 of this township the line passes through small poplar and jackpine bush. The east boundary of section 24 falls in a tamarack swamp, which extends for a considerable distance to the iwest of the line, but only about half a mile to the east of the line. The soil is a shallow layer of clay and gravel on limestone, except in the swamp mentioned above, where black loam occurs. — Wm. Christie, D.L.S., 1907. 218 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range 1 — Continued. 27. On the east boundary of section 12 and the south of section 13 of this town- ship the line continues through small poplar and jackpine. The soil in these sec- tions is black loam about two inches deep on limestone. Tn the n:r h half of section 13, sections 24, 25 and 36 the line passes through a large muskeg and tamarack swamp, which extends on the west to Fisher river a distance of about three rnd one- half miles. To the east of the line it extends in a southeasterly direction for several miles. When we came to the muskeg (on November 9) it was too soft for a man to walk across. It took the whole party a little more than a week to cut a road and move camp around it. Fortunately by the time we got the camp around to the n irth side the muskeg was frozen sufficiently hard to allow a man to walk over it, and we were able to get the line across without difficulty. — Wm. Christie, D.L.S., 1907. 28. The muskeg mentioned in township 27 extends into section 1 of tnis town- ship. Fisher river crosses the line on the east boundary of section 24. The pn-tion of the township south of the river is covered with small poplar, will jw and spruce with some swamps and hay marshes. North of the river the timb:r is larger, poplar up to ten inches in diameter occurring. Some Lirge marshes are also crossed north of the river in sections 24, 25 and 36. In this township the line also crosses Fi-h^r river, Indian reserve (No. 44). I connected my survey with that of the reserve. The country here appears well adapted to stock raising as abundance of hay can usually be obtained from the marshes. Last year, however, most of the hay land was under water. It would be an easy matter, however, to drain these swamps into Fisher river.— Wm. Christie, D.L.S., 1907. 28. (North outline.) — In this township the land is gently undulating, consisting of low ridges covered with poplar up to six inches in diameter, alternating with tamarack swamps, muskegs and hay marshes. A small lake occurs in section 5, township 29, range 1. The soil is chiefly black loam on clay subsoil, but gravel occurs on the north boundary of ssction 35.— Wm. Christie, D.L.8., 1907. Range 2. 28. This township consists of a series of low, flat ridges, covered with poplar and spruce, with here and there a few birch and jackpine, alternating with tamarack swamps, marshes and hay lands. A small lake, which I named Colonsay. occurs in sections 33 and 32. The soil is chiefly black loam on clay subsoil, but limestone occurs on the north boundary of section 34, and drift boulders are quite plentiful on all the dry land.— Wm. Christie, D.L.S., 1907. Range 8. 28. The general character of this township is similar to that in range 2, consisting of flat ridges timbered with poplar, spruce and tamarack up to eight inches in diam- eter, separated by tamarack swamps, marshes and hay lands. A small lake occurs in sections 36 and 35. Mantagao river crosses the line in section 34, flowing almost due north. This stream is about thirty feet wide at the line. On either side of this stream is a strip of marsh and hay meadow from a quarter to half a mile in width and close to the river banks are tall reeds. The soil is chiefly black loam on clay subsoil. — Wm. Christie, D.L.S., 1907. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 219 SESSIONAL FAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range If. 18. As Oak Point, a station on the Canadian Northern railway, is situated in this township, we travelled over this country by fair wagon roads during nearly all season. All homesteads are taken by Icelanders, an intelligent and industrious people. The soil is of good quality being generally of black loam with a stone and gravel subsoil. Although this township is settled for twenty years, the owners of lands do not seem to appreciate the quality of the soil for farming. In its present condition, the land is better suited for cattle raising and dairying. The surface is level and is covered with scrub, patches of poplar, a few oak, s'oughs, hay marshes and prairie where they have always plenty of good hay, even in wet seasons. All valuable timber has been cut for building and fencing. Poplar, the average of which is of poor quality, is the only fuel. Good water is plentiful and can be obtained easily by digging wells without great expense. Prairie chicken is the only game in this township, but ducks are plentiful around lake Manitoba. No mineral or waterpower was found. — G. E. Bourgault, D.L.S., 1907. . . 22. The general aspect of this township is swampy and at the time of survey (September) nearly all covered with water. In wet seasons settlers cannot depend on the swamps to obtain a supp'.y of hiy to feed their cattle during the winter. There are some high ridges where the soil is composed of a few inches of black loam with sand and gravel _subsoil, but they are covered with poplar and windfall. Moose and deer are quite numerous.. — C. E. Bourgault, D.L.S., 1907. 28. (North outline). — This township is similar to those in ranges 2 and 3, con- sisting of low ridges, covered with poplar, spruce and tamarack, alternating with tamarack swamps, muskegs and hay marshes. The proportion of dry land is some- what greater, however, and the timber somewhat larger than in range 3, spruce and poplar twelve inches in diameter occurring. A small lake occurs in section 32. The soil is chiefly black loam on clay subsoil but gravel occurs in places. — Wm. Christie, D.L.S., 1007. Range 5. 14. (West part.) — The fractional township is all flooded with water and covered with reeds. However, in dry seasons hay can be cut in s^c'iins 6, 7. 16 and 17. The northwest part is covered with reeds and open spaces of water. Ducks, geese and muskrats are numerous. — 0. E. Bourgault, D.L.S., 1907. 15. (Fractional.) — This fractional township can be best reached by a good graded wagon road from Poplar Point, a station on the Canadian Pacific railway. The land is mostly stony and the soil is not of much depth, with generally a gravel sub- soil. The removal of the stones will be expensive; the township at present is better suited for cattle raising than for any other purpose. However, the settlers who have cleared a piece of land have always a good crop of vegetables. As ttie hay is plenti- ful and of superior quality, the attention of the settlers is devoted to cattle and horse raising. There is no timber in this township; the only place where the farmers obtain their wood is at St. Laurent, situated twenty miles e-st. The water when found was fairly good. The settlers, however, now depend on wells or lake Manitoba during the winter for their supply. As there are no streams there can be no water powers. No stone quarries, nor minerals of value were noticed. Game, consisting of ducks and geese, is plentiful. — 0. E. Bourgault, D.L.S., 1907. 21. Access to this township is very easy by wagon roads from Oak Point. In wet seasons these roads are nearly impassable, as no improvements have b:en made 220 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range 6 — Continued. on them. The soil is of good quality, but is generally covered with marsh or timber, so that it is not very suitable for grain growing. Cattle raising is followed exclusively by the settlers, and for this the township is well adapted, though grain could be grown in some sections. The woods are poplar of fair size and distributed over each section. Swan creek enters the township in section 6, running southeasterly. The climate is similar to that of central Manitoba. Good water is usually found in the swamps, and is generally easily obtained by digging wells. No stone quarries, coal or minerals were observed. Game of all kinds is scarce. — C. E. Bourgault, B.L.S., 1007. 22. The general aspect of this township is swampy and at the time of survey (September) nearly all covered with water. In wet seasons settlers cannot depend on the swamps to obtain a supply of hay to feed their cattle during the winter. There are some high ridges where the soil is composed of a few inches of black loam with sand and gravel subsoil, but they are covered with popbr and windfall. Moose and deer are quite numerous. — C. E. Bourgault, D.L.S., 1907. 28. (North outline). — This township is gently undulating, consisting of low ridges, timbered with poplar, spruce, tamrack and jackpine, separated by tamrack swamps, muskegs and hay marshes. The greater part of the timber has been killed by fires. The soil is chiefly a shallow layer of black loam on sand or gravel. I had to open the line twice across this range to connect with the northeast corner of township 28, range 6.— Wm. Christie, D.L.S., 1907. Range 6. 14. Access to this township is easy by roads from High Bluff, a station on the Canadian Pacific railway. The north part is watered by lake Manitoba, while the south part is covered with long reeds and open spaces of water, so the land may be classified as swamp land, unfit for agricultural purpose. I must mention that hay is not plentiful, but in dry seasons sections 3, 2 and parts of sections 10, 11, 12 and 1, may be classified as hay land. There is only one farmer in section 6, where there is some cultivated land. Sometimes in the spring,, the water of lake Manitoba rushes over the sandy beach and spreads over this township and on the north part of township 13, range 6. It is for that reason that the timber, like oak and Cottonwood which are growing on this beach, should not be cut. I remark that where the timber has been cut, the sand on the beach is washed out by the waves of lake Manitoba during a great northwest wind storm, and water and ice come in and spread over township 13, where there is first class farming land, and this makes very great damage. This sandy ridge is about four chains wide, from four to eight feet high and contains the best and finest sand for masonry and cement brick. No fuel occurs in this township. Game is plentiful, consisting of ducks and geese.— C E. Bourgault, D.L.S., 1907. 22. From Oak Point ,a station on the Canadian Northern railway, there is a good wagon road to Deerhorne. From there I cut a trail to section 28, township 22, range 6. Access to this township is also easy by another road cut by settlers, last summer in sections 3, 4, 9, 16, 21, and 28. The surface is generally timbered with poplar of eight to eighteen inches in diameter and scattered big spruce and willow, interspersed with hay marshes and lakes. Hay can be procured in many of the marshes, but in a wet season like last summer few if any of the marshes can be enteTed. Settlers had a very hard time to cut hay for their own cattle, some of them were TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRiANCH 221 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range 6 — Continued. obliged to cut hay in water, and haul it with a sleigh and a pair of oxen on a high place to dry. Some of them were forced to sell their cows or send them away for winter. July, August and September were very wet. The soil is of good quality, black loam, clay and sand subsoil, but the expenses incurred in clearing the land from green and dry wood will be too expensive now for farming. For this reason this township is better suited for stock raising than for anything else. The water is fresh and during all summer about half of the surface is flooded to the depth of from four inches to two feet. The surface is level. There are no streims and no water- powers. A few jumping deer were noticed. No minerals of any v.due were found. — C. E. Bourgault, D.L.S., 1907. Range 7. 22. Coming into the township by the colonization road to Scotch Bay from Oak Point on the Canadian Northern railway I was able to get into the south part by settlers' trails and those of the Indians, none of which were in good condition. To get farther north I was forced to make a trail for myself. The whole country is gently rolling, wooded witu poplar, chiefly, oji the ridges and having hay meadows or sloughs in the depressions.. There was some spruce also, but no marketable tim- ber. To the north the country had been more burned in places and was slightly more rolling though by no means hilly. Game was abundant. No minerals of economic value were seen, nor is there any water-power in the township. Though many of the quarter sections are taken up only a few were occupied at the time of survey (August) as nearly everyone was waiting till the township would be subdivided. This township has long farmed a hunting ground for the Indians of the adjacent re- serve and many of their old camps were seen. An old telegraph line runs diagonally across the township from northwest to southeast. In some places it can scarcely be seen. I think the township will make an excellent mixed farming country. — Geo. A. Grow*, D.L.S., 1906. Range 8. 22. I think most of the marshes in this township will in time dry up, if not altogether, at least to a considerable extent. At present they are difficult to survey owing to the lack of well defined shores. The township has good soil. The surface is rolling, covered in the northern part by poplar bush with considerable spruce in some places. Near the Indian reserve the country is much broken by immense hay meadows and marshes, on the higher places only scrub is growing, brule and deadfall showing the work of fires. Settlers seem to be coming into this country rapidly. Geo. A. Gtover, D.L.S., 1906. Range 10. 21. Along lake Manitoba this township is open and marshy and more remote from the lake it is densely timbered with poplar and willow. The chief industries are stock raising and fishing. Much hay can be procured in the sloughs and marshes. Moose and deer are abundant. Only a small percentage of the land is yet broken, barely enough to produce vegetables. — Geo. McMillan, D.L.8., 1907. 25. {Fractional.) — This township consists of a small strip of land in the west part of sections 6, 19, 30 and 31 and Richard point which occupies part of sections 1, 2 and 12. There is a small area of good land in sections 30 and 31 and also on Richard point. There is one settler at each of these places. Reed island is only a group of low sand bars covered along the edges with long reeds and small willows. 222 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Bange 10 — Continued. As there was no definite shore I did not traverse them. There are no water-powers, no quarries and no minerals of any description. — Paul T. C. Dumais, D.L.S., 1906. 26. (Fractional.) — This township is only a strip of land composed of the west parts of sections 6, 7, 18 and 19. There are some good patches of land in Sections 6 and 7, but the balance is all swampy and is covered with long reeds and small willows. There is a bluff of poplar on section 7 averaging twelve inches in diameter, some patches of prairie on section 6, and a few hay sloughs. There are no water-power?, no quarries and no minerals of any description. — Paul T. C. Dumais, D.L.S., 1906. 28 & 29. These townships were reached from Oak Point by the winter trail to Fairford postoffice. The soil is a black loam from one to five inches deep on a clay subsoil. The land is covered with small poplar, willow and a little spruce and oak all under ten inches in diameter, but no timber suitable for lumbering purposes is found. A large quantity of hay grows in the marshes. Water is abundant in lake Manitoba and in the marshes but no water-powers occur. The climate is moderate. Fire-killed trees furnish a good supply of fuel. Limestone is found close to the sur- face and there is said to be a large deposit of good quality adjoining the shore of lake Manitoba. No minerals were found. Moose and elk were the only game seen. — ./. L. E. Parsons, D.L.S., 1907. 32. Across this township the line passes mostly through dry country covered with woods of a varied character, consisting of small poplar, alternating with patches of spruce, tamarack or jackpine. In the west half of the range much of the woods have been destroyed by fire, and a growth of small scrub has sprung up. The land is about level, and the soil in the eastern portion of the range is black loam from four to twelve inches in depth on clay subsoil. On the north boundaries of sections 32 and 31 it is mostly gravel— Wm. Christie, D.L.8., 1907. 25. From Makinak station on the Canadian Northern railway, the shortest route to reach this township is by the graded road going east as far as Ste. Amelie, a dist- ance of fifteen miles, and thence by the old trail to Ebb-and-Flow Lake Indian re- serve. From the reserve there is a cart trail going north on the west side of Ebb-and- Flow lake as far as Crane bay on lake Manitoba in section 21 of this township, and at a distance of about twenty-eight miles from the east end of the graded road men- tioned above. This township could also be reached in summer by boats that generally run from Oak Point which is on lake Manitoba, and which is the terminus of the Canadian Northern railway branch from Winnipeg. This township is broken on the northwest by Crane bay of lake Manitoba .which partly covers sections 21, 22, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33 and 31. On the east side, sections 12, 13 and 24 are partly covered by lake Manitoba, and on the southwest, Ebb-and-Flow lake with an area of over two square miles extends over parts of sections 5, 6, 7, 8 and 18. The soil is mostly sandy loam with a subsoil of clay, but in some places sand and gravel is found. There are ten Icelandic settlers squatted along Crane bay and lake Manitoba. They cultiv- ate no grain but grow potatoes and all sorts of vegetables. They have good herds of cattle, the country being well adapted for stock raising. The land is good for farming, but where the settlers arc located it is so flat that it is liable to be flooded in the rainy seasons. Along the lake and bays are large muskegs covered by reeds eight to ten feet long. There are numerous hay sloughs which grow quantities of good hay. The south part of this township is heavily timbered in places with poplar up to fifteen inches in diameter. There is alto some scattered spruce and small oak which may be used for building and fencing. A large part of this township has been fire swept and the fire-killed poplar will furnish any quantity of fuel. The country is very level all over TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAXCH 223 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range 10 — Continued. this township. There are no water-powers, no quarries and no minerals of any de- scription in this township. Moose, elk and jumping deer are numerous. There are also great numbers of rabbits and a few partridges. Pike and whitefish are caught in great numbers in lake Manitoba. — Paul T. C. Dumais, 1906. 26. This fractional township consists of sections 1, 2, 12 and part of sections 3, 4, 6, 11, 13 and 14. It is broken by lake Manitoba and by five other lakes, sections 1 and 12 being the only ones which are unbroken. There are some good patches of land in sections 1, 2, 3, 4 and 12, but the remainder is all swamp and muskeg covered with long reeds and small willows. The soil is mostly sand, clay and gravel covered with four to six inches of black loam. Parts of sections 1, 2 and 12 are well timbered with poplar up to twelve inches in diameter. There is also some small oak and birch and a great deal of willow scrub. Cherry island on the north boundary of this town- ship, is only a swamp sand bar covered with long reeds and willows along the shore. There are no water powers, no quarries and no minerals of any description. — Paul T. C. Dumais, D.L.S., 1906. 28. In this township the line crosses Peonan point, a long narrow peninsula extending from the north end of lake Manitoba to about nine miles south of this line. It has a width on the line of about three miles, the ea~t shore being readied in section 35, and the west shore in section 32. Along each shore is a strip, about half a mile in width, of wet, marshy land, part of which is hay land, but the greater part of which is covered with tall reeds and rushes. The interior of the point is mostly wooded with poplar; but many marshes and muskegs occur. The soil is chiefly black loam on clay subsoil. The south end of this point is very low and marshy. — Wm. Christie, D.L.S., 1907. 32. The eastern half of this township is similar to range 10, being covered with poplar and spruce, much of ome good land along the railway in the west half. The southeast corner runs up on the hills and in some places the soil is sandy, while in others it is very heavy clay. The surface north of the railway and for about half a mile south of it, is level or 230 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range 27 — Continued. gently rolling. The southeast part is very hilly and rough, being cut up by deep ravines, down one of which Rice creek flows. It is mostly timbered east of the cen- tre. The west part along the Canadian Northern railway has about a section of prairie, and the rest is chiefly scrubby land with considerable windfall to the north- east. The timber is six to ten-inch tamarack and spruce to the north of the railway chiefly, but some six to eight-inch popular and balsam and a few birch are found. On the south side of the railway there is some jackpine to the east, some six to sixteen- inch spruce and poplar along the face of the hills up to Rice creek. A few eight to twelve-inch birch are also found. Hay is very scarce. The water is all fresh and very plentiful in creeks and muskegs. This creek is a fine stream about one chain wide and from one to two feet deep at low water. The current is about fouT or five miles an hour. The land to the northeast is liable to be flooded several inches deep in wet seasons. Rice creek is quite rapid up in the hills and small water-power might be developed by dams. The climate was fine and hot with some rain. No frosts were noticed. The only fuel is wood but it is very plentiful everywhere. No coal, stone quarries or minerals were found. Moose and bear were the only game seen.— W. G. McFarlane, D.L.S., 1907. « i Range 28. 44. The trail follows along the railway for some distance and then leads off to- wards the hills somewhat. It is fairly good but has some soft plaj^, and several creeks had to be bridged. The soil is a loam with clay subsoil and would be nearly all good farm land. The surface is level north of the railway and rises towards the south and is slightly rolling-. It is all covered with heavy bush. There is consider- able green timber in this township, six-inch to fourteen-inch jackpine at the south •and east, and six-inch to twenty-five-inch spruce, four-inch to ten-inch birch, ten- inch to fourteen-inch black poplar, six-inch to ten-inch balsam, scattered nearly all over the north third of the township. Hay is very scarce. Water is fresh and plentiful in numerous streams and some muskegs. In some places the land is liable to be flooded on the north side of the railway. There are no water-powers. The weather was warm but often cloudy with several showers of rain and one very heavy rain. No frosts were noticed. The mosquitoes and sandflies were very bad. The only fuel is wood but it is quite plentiful almost anywhere. No coal, stone quarries or minerals were found. The only game seen was moose. — W. G. McFarlane, D.L.S., 1907. Range 29. 44. The trail follows along near the railway, crossing four times and crossing numerous creeks which we had to bridge. It was very soft in many places and crosses some muskeg which had to be corduroyed. The soil is good throughout a good part of the north third of this township, but there is also considerable muskeg. Much of the good land was nearly covered with water, as this was a good season. The surface is level to the north of the railway, but rises some toward the south on the south side. It is all heavily wooded. There is considerable timber scattered through the township but the best t>f it has been cut off. Poplar six to fifteen inches and spruce from six to twenty-four inches are the chief kinds. A few twelve-inch birch and bal- sam are also found with six-inch tamarack in muskegs. Hay is more plentiful here than to the east. Several good hay sloughs are found along the north chord. It is all slough hay. The water is all fresh and very plentiful. One or two branches of Armit river run north to the main river. One is about a chain wide and from three TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS HRJ.XCB 231 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range 29 — Continued. to four feet deep with a current of three or four miles an hour. A considerable part of the land here is swampy and might be flooded at times, as it was this year, several inches deep. There are no water-powers. The weather was wum but often cloudy with some rain. No frosts were noticed. The only fuel is wood, but it is plen- tiful everywhere. No coal, stone quarries or minerals were found. Moose was the only game seen. — W. G. McFarlane, D.L.S., 1907. Range 30. 24. This township is easily reached by numerous trails and roads running out of Langenburg, a station on the northwestern branch of the Canadian Pacific railway. The roads are all in good condition for a new country. The soil throughout the township is a black loam with clay subsoil and is well adapted for wheat which seems to be the principal grain grown by the settlers. The surface is gently rolling with scattered willow scrub and poplar bluffs in the northerly part. The poplar is small and suitable only for fencing or fuel! There is no timber of any size in the township. There is hay sufficient for the requirements of the- settlers, in the sloughs, which are scattered throughout the township. The water in the sloughs is good enough for cattle but not desirable for domestic purposes. There are, however, many good wells in which the water cannot be excelled and generally it is in unli- mited quantities. There are no streams of any account. A stream about five links wide crosses the east boundary of section 24 and runs easterly. This stream appears to lose itself in sloughs in many places. There are no water-powers, stone quarries or minerals of any description in the township. The climate is good and generally free from summer frosts. Fuel is scarce and the settlers have to go some ten miles for wood. Game such as wild duck is plentiful. The township is well settled with Canadians from the eastern provinces, Germans and Galicians. all appearing to be in a prosperous condition. It is expected that a branch of the Canadian Pacific railway will be constructed through this township in 1908. — W. J. Deans, D.L.S., 1907. 44. The trail runs back to the south of the railway in range 29, about two miles along higher ground until it is about a mile past Westgate when it turns back towards the railway and crosses another branch of Armit river. It then follows along the railway through corduroyed muskeg for about three miles when it comes out into drier bluffy poplar country. It was very soft in places and several places were flooded. The ford at the river was good. The soil is chiefly muskeg in the easterly half but the west part is excellent and quite open in places and would make excellent farm land. It is a good loam and clay. The surface is level and almost flat. The easterly half is all covered with small timber and the west side with small timber and scrub, but the intervening part, about 600 acres of prairie, is bluffy. There is no timber of any value. It is chiefly small tamarack, spruce and poplar, with considerable alder and willow. Scattered six to twelve-inch spruce and poplar are found. Hay is plentiful on the prairie and is of excellent quality. There are several hay sloughs to the west of the prairie. The water is all fresh and very plentiful in streams and muskeg. Only small streams are found, but they are good ones. The land was partly flooded this sum- mer on account of the wet season, but not deep. There are no water-powers. The cli- mate was fine and warm in general but we had several showers and some cloudy weather, but no frosts. The only fuel is wood but it is plentiful everywhere. No stone quarries, coal or minerals were found. No game was seen. — W. G. McFarJane. B.L.8., 1907. 232 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909- TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range SI. 44. The route followed in reaching this township runs along near the railway crossing it four times and goes up south of Roscoe. Numerous creeks had to be bridged, and some muskegs corduroyed and soft places brushed as the country is so flat. The water lying on it makes the ground very soft. The soil is excellent with the exception of some muskeg west of Roscoe and a sandy ridge at Roscoe. Along a branch of Armit river, about a mile east of Roscoe, the land is excellent for farming. The surface is almost level. It is almcst all covered with small timber. There is no timber of much value although scattered six to fourteen-inch spruce and poplar are found. Tamarack, balsam and birch rre also found. Hay is scarce. The water is fresh and very plentiful. Armit river is a good stream about half a chain wide and four to five feet deep with a current of about three miles an hour. This drains a. considerable part of the land, but there is some so level that it was almost flooded. There are no water-powers. The weather was usually bright and warm but we had some rain. No frosts were noticed. The only fuel is wood but it is plentiful. No coal, stone quarries or minerals were found and no game was seen. — W. G. McFarlane, D.L.S., 1907. Range 82. 30. This township can be reached by a good trail running from Kamsack, a station on the Canadian Northern railway. The soil in the part of the township lying west of Whitesand river is a black loam with clay and sand subsoil and is well adapted for grain growing. The portion lying between Whitesand and Assiniboine rivers is largely alkaline flats covered with short grass. The surface of the township west of the Whitesand is rolling, while that between the two rivers is level. There is some willow and poplar scrub between the two rivers and some small poplar and willow along the Whitesand near its mouth. There is sufficient hay in the sloughs for the requirements of the settlers. Whitesand river, a stream averaging a chain in width and from two to six feet in depth enters the township on the west boundary of section 31, and running southeasterly joins the Assiniboine on section 4. The water of the Whitesand is fresh and of excellent quality. Assiniboine river forms the easterly boundary of this township. Water-power could easily be developed on White- sand river by the construction of dams but the amount of energy which could be developed would be small and uncertain. Fuel is scarce throughout the township. The settlers obtain their supplies of wood from Duck mountain. There are no min- erals or stone quarries in the township. There is a good market for farm produce at Kamsack, a divisional point on the Canadian Northern railway. The climate is good and generally free from severe summer frosts. Wild duck and prairie chicken are plentiful. Jackfish and goldeye are plentiful in Whitesand and Assiniboine rivers. Small wild fruits grow in great profusion in the sheltered spots along the river tanks.— W. J. Deans, D.L.S., 1907. 44. This is a fractional township. It is nearly all muskeg and would be veiy hard to cross with teams. The poplar bush in the west side of range 31 was broken down flat and it would require weeks to cut a road through. The soil is nearly all muskeg and is of little use. The surface is flat and quite a lot of it covered with small spruce and tamrack but there is some open floating muskeg. There is no timber of any value. Hay is very scarce. Water is fresh and very plentiful, especially in the muskeg. Some small streams are found at the south. There are no water-powers. The weather was usually bright and warm but we had some rain. No frosts were noticed. The only fuel is wood, but it is plentiful. No coal, stone quarries, or minerals were found, and no game was seen. — W. G. McFarlane, D.L.S., 1907. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 233 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN. Range 82 — Continued. 45. This is a fractional township. The soil is mostly muskeg. There are some stretches of land with poplar, but they are scattered and flat. The surface is flat and thickly wooded except in the muskeg, some of which is open and floating. There is no timber of any value. Hay is not plentiful, but there is some in sloughs towards the north. The water is fresh and very plentiful in muskegs and sloughs. The land was partly flooded several inches deep on account of the wet season and no streams to drain it off. There are no water-pcwers. The weather was usually bright and warm with some showers of rain, but no frosts. Wood is the only fmel but it is plentiful. No coal, stone quarries or minerals were found and no game was seen. — W. G. McFarlane, D.L.8., 1907. TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SECOND MERIDIAN. Range 1. 37. Access to this township is, at present, by way of a wagon road from sections 6 and 5 southeast to Swan river and connecting there with existing roads. An al- ternative road crosses Swan river near the southwest corner of the township and connects with a road to Fort Pelly. The surface varies from narly level land in the west and southwest, to rolling land in the northeast parts, except those parts of sec- tions 19, 18, 7 and 6 on the easterly bank of Swan river and are therefore rough and hilly. The land is generally covered with scrub with scattered bluffs of poplar or spruce. Woods of poplar cover the eastern bank of Swan river in this township and poplar woods were found in sections 25, 26 and 27. In other sections the timbered land is of small area and of no importance except to settlers. Land producing hay is scare though probably a limited quantity will be found on each section. A num- ber of streams flow through this township, all of which contain excellent water, but in ordinary years these streams would probably become dry. No doubt good water can be obtained by digging wells, as the settlers in the adjoining township to the south have been successful in that way. There are no streams which could be used for water-power. Last season there were no summer frosts and the indications are that in an ordinary year good crops of grain might be grown. The only fuel available is wood of poplar and spruce and it is only in quantities sufficient for the use of settlers. No stone quarries or minerals of value were seen. Moose and deer were occasionally seen, but other game is scarce. — Edgar Bray, D.L.S., 1907. 38. Access to this township may be had by wagon trail passing through the easterly sections of township 38, range 2 and from there south and southeasterly to settlements south of Swan river, or by a branch road running along or near the second meridian. Either road is bad in wet weather, but the first is preferable although it is the longer. The land lying west of an imaginary line drawn through the middle of the southeast quarter of section 6 to the northeasterly corner of section 21 is a swamp of spruce and tamarack not suitable for farming. The timber varies in size from mere scrub to large trees up to eighteen inches in diameter though generally the timber is small. East of that imaginary line the surface varies from slightly rolling to rough lands and is suitable for agricultural purposes. It is covered with woods and scrub, in probably equal proportions. The timber is composed of poplar •and birch with some spruce and jackpine. Land producing good hay is confined to a few small swamps scattered over the township. A few streams were found in which the water was fresh and good but generally the main supply is found in small ponds of rather inferior quality. There are no water-powers. The climate is practically 234 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SECOND MERIDIAN. Range 1 — Continued. the same as that of the country to the south, and no doubt successful farming may be carried on where the land is suitable. The only fuel available at present is wood and it is in considerable quantities and fairly distributed. No stone quarries or minerals of any value were noticed. We found traces of moose and deer but small game appears to have almost disappeared. — Edgar Bray, D.L.S., 1907. 45. The soil is usually very good, being a black loam with clay subsoil in general and would make good farm land. The surface is level and mostly covered with heavy timber. The timber is chiefly six to ten-inch poplar but there is also some six to twelve-inch spruce. It is scattered over nearly all this part of the township and is not of great value. Hay is very scarce only a small slough here and there. The water is fresh and very plentiful in streams and over a large part of the surface. The streams are all small with the exception of Smoking Tent creek which is forty feet wide and two feet deep with a current of about four miles an hour. The land' is liable to be partly flooded but not to any great depth. There are no water-powers. The weather was usually cool and cloudy with considerable heavy rains. No frosta were noticed. The only fuel is wood but it is plentiful everywhere. No coal, stone quarries or minerals were found. The only game seen was bear. — W. G. McFarlane, D.L.S., 1907. 37. The route to and from this township is by a road from Fort Pelly by way of Swan river and also by a road cut by me through townsbip 36, range 2 to section 5, township 37, range 2, and thence northerly. This road connects with existing roads in township 35, range 2. The first mentioned road is rough and hilly while the second in wet and sometimes impassable. The soil where it is dry is mostly a good clay loam and will be found suitable for grain growing or mixed farming. Swan river flows through the easterly part of this township. On each side of this river for a width of three-quarters of a mile the land is rough with frequent bare knolls. In other sections the country is nearly level and, except on the marshes, is covered with either woods of poplar or scrub in about equal proportions with the timber fairly distributed. Very large marshes are a prominent feature in the westerly two rows of sections. These marshes had the appearance of Likes last summer, but in a normal year they would shrink to much smaller size and would generally have much more margin than ten chains between high and low water. Hay in any quantity coull not have been cut last year on account of the water, but in a year of ordinary rainfall large supplies of excellent hay may be procured in these marshes. Between these large marshes and the banks of the Swan river we found numerous small marshes producing hay of good quality in a dry season. Swan river and its branches will give an abundant and permanent supply of good fresh water. It is the only stream large enough to be considered as a source of power. In places dams might be built, but as the river is usually very low all winter, and also in dry summer weather, its value for that purpose is not of much account. Last summer was too rainy and cold for suc- cessful farming, but as grain growing was a failure in most pl?c?s in that vicinity last year, this particular tract has not been shown to have an extreme climate. The indications are that growing grain here is as likely to be successful as it is in the partly settled country lying to the south. The first frost in the fall was September 14, which compares very favourably with localities where good crops were harvested. The only available fuel at present is wood. It is fairly plentiful and can probably be procured on every section in the township. No minerals of any value or stone for quarrying were noticed and probably none exist. As tracks of moose avd deer were often noticed, it is probably that these animals are here in considerable numbers. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 235 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SECOND MERIDIAN. Range 1 — Continued. However, small game such as ducks and chickens were scarcely ever seen. — Edgar Bray, D.L.S., 1907. 45. The soil is very good in most places, being loam and clay subsoil, but stret- ches of muskeg run here and there through it. It would make fairly good farm land. The surface is level except where Red Deer river runs through it. Here the banks are quite high and steep. It is mostly covered with timber but there are some large hay sloughs at the east side and a little clearing west of the river beside the railway as well as a few open muskegs. The timber is chiefly six to twelve-inch poplar, but there is some scattered spruce. Small tamarack, balsam and birch are also found. The best timber is near the river. Hay is fairly plentiful in large hay sloughs east of Erwood and close to the railway. It is all slough hay. There is also a little in some of the muskegs farther west but it is too wet to cut much this year. The water is usually fresh and very plentiful in the river, streams, sloughs and mus- keg, but there is bad water at Erwood. Red Deer river is about three chains wide and eight feet deep at Erwood with a current of about five or six miles an hour. As this is a very wet season a good deal of the land is practically flooded. There are no water-powers. The weather was rather cool and cloudy with considerable rain but no frosts. The only fuel is wood but it is plentiful. No coal, stone-quarries or minerals were found. The only game seen was bear. — W. 0. McFarlane, D.L.8., 1907. Range S. 37. {North and east outlines.) — This township can be reached by a road cut out by me through township 36, range 2, connecting with an existing road leading to Fort Pelly. The soil is mostly a clay loam and is suitable for agricultural purposes. The surface is generally slightly rolling. Sections 36, 32 and 31 are covered with willow and poplar scrub (while all the other sections surveyed are timbered with poplar from three to fourteen inches in diameter with occasional clumps of spruce or tamarack. Along and near both the east and north boundaries of this, township numerous marshes were found where good hay in considerable quantities might be cut in a year of ordinary rainfall. As all the hay swamps and other depressions were flooded last year water was found almost anywhere. In addition there are a number of streams crossing the lines in which the water is good and the supply probably per- manent in most cases. There are no water-powers. The climate is similar to that of partly settled districts a short distance south where goo 1 crops of grain have been grown. Poplar wood with a limited supply of spruce is the only available fuel. No stone for quarrying or minerals of any value were found. Small game such as dncks and chickens is scarce. However, numerous traces of moose, deer and bear were noticed. — Edgar Bray, D.L.S., 1907. 38. This township can be reached from a road from Fort Pelly to and along Swan river and thence by a road along or near the north boundary of tov.nship 37, range 2, to section 1 of this township, or by a road cut out by myself through townships 37, and 36, range 2, to a road now used leading to Fort Pelly. The first mentioned road is rather hilly along Swan river, while the last is level but last season it was sometimes almost impassable. The soil is generally a clay loam and should be suitable for raising grain or for mixed farming. Hay swamps were seen but they are not of much importance. The surface of the part surveyed is mostly slightly rolling and is covered with poplar woods and scrub in about equal proportions. The timber is from three to twelve inches diameter and appears to be fairly distributed. Streams of good fresh water from five to fourteen feet in width will insure an abundant and permanent supply for all pur- 236 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SECOND MERIDIAN. Range S — Continued. poses. These streams, however, are too small for water-power. During last season the weather was too cold and rainy for successful farming, but in a normal year it would seem that the conditions would be suitable for agriculture. Poplar wood is the only fuel available and it can be found on any of the surveyed quarter sections. No stone fit for quarries was found nor were any minerals of value noticed. Game appears to be scarce though indications of deer, moose and bear were noticed. — Edgar Bray, D.L.S., 1907. 45. The country east of Etoimami in this range is mostly muskeg. There are some stretches of poplar where the soil is good but they are scattered. The soil is Etoimami is sandy but west of it there is good loam with clay subsoil, very good for farm land. The surface is flat at the east but is more rolling towards the west especially along Fir river. It is all covered with small timber, six to twelve inch poplar, four to ten-inch spruce and some tamarack to the east, and mostly six to f ourteen-inch poplar to the west near the river. Hay is not plentiful except in open muskes or sloughs which were very wet. The water is fresh and very plentiful in streams, sloughs, muskegs and Fir river. The river is a fine stream, abotit thirty feet wide and three feet deep with a current of about four miles an hour. Much of the eastern part of this township is liable to be flooded several inches deep as it was this year. There are no water-powers. The weather was somewhat cloudy and cold with some rain. No frosts were noticed. The only fuel is wood and it is plentiful. No coal, stone quarries or minerals were found. The only game seen was bear. A few settlers are going into the west and south of Etoimami.— W. G. McFarlane, D.L.S., 1907. Range If. 38. The route to this township begins at Canora, on the Canadian Northern and runs in a northwesterly direction, passing by Astwood postoffice along a good trail to Fulton's mill in township 38; range 5 and thence easterly along a new trail not very passable in wet weather. In section 1 to 6, the soil is generally good, though the land is rather low. North of these sections, the township is almost entirely muskeg,and only suitable for a cranberry marsh. The surface is timbered and scrubby, covered with poplar, tamarack scattered spruce and willow scrub. This timber will be very use- ful for homesteaders, but is not in large enough quantities for lumbering. There are about one hundred and thirty-five acres of bush in section 19, consisting of poplar, two to twenty-four inches and spruce two to sixteen inches in diameter. There is approxi- mately thirty-five acres of spruce and tamarack, two to twelve inches, in section 30, about eight acres each in sections 20 and 29 of scattered spruce, two to fifteen inches and popar, two to ten inches, twenty acres in section 18, and fifteen acres in section 17 of poplar, two to fourteen inches and spruce four to twenty inches. In sections 14 and 15, there is six acres in each of scattered spruce and tamarack, six to ten inches in diameter. There are approximately eighty acres of poplar, spruce and tamarack, six to twelve inches in section 22. In section 27 there is about fifteen acres of poplar, spruce and tamarack, six to twelve inches. In section 23 fifty or sixty acres of poplar, tamarack and spruce, four to twelve inches occur, and in section 24, twelve acres of the same kind. In section 26 there is roughly about forty acres of tamarack, spruce and poplar, six to twelve inches and in section 8, thirty acres of scattered spruce, two to eight inches and poplar two to ten inches, and about twenty acres of the same in section 9, and ten acres in section 17. In section 10 there is about ten acres of scattered spruce two to eight inches and about five acres in section 15. In sections 1 to 6 there is a fair amount of hay spread over these sections, but north of this there is no hay. There is an abundance of fresh water, but in a dry year, the swamps would likely dry up. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 237 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SECOND MERIDIAN. Range Jf — Continued. As there are no large streams, the land is not liable to be flooded. There are no water- powers. There was frost during every month and ice in August. The rainfall was abundant in 1907. There is plenty of wood for fuel scattered all over the township. There are no stone quarries nor minerals. There were indications that moose were plentiful.— C.A. Chilver, D.L.S., 1907. 39 and 40. The only route for reaching these townships is from Wadena on the Canadian Northern railway along a trail running in a northeasterly direction to Kelvington postoffice, thence north to Little Nut lake, thence east over a poor trail, impassable in summer, crossing the north of townships 40, ranges 4, 5 and 6. There is no trail to townships 39, ranges 4, 5 and 6 and a summer trail is not possible and a winter trail very difficult to make on account of the great amount of fallen timber. The soil in these townships is all clay, but at present it is too swampy to be suitable for farming. A very good timber belt of spruce and white poplar lies across the north of this group of townships on the east of range 7. It extends from the north boundary half a mile south. On the east of range 6 it extends from the north boundary two miles south, and on the east of range 4 it extends from the north boundary two and one-half miles south. It is part of the Red Deer Lumber Com- pany's timber limit. The rest of the group is scrubby with small patches of scattered spruce. Hay sloughs are very numerous all through this group. There is an abun- dant supply of good fresh water. The Piwei flows across the north of range 6 and into the North Etoimami in range 5. It has an average width of fifty feet, a depth of four feet and carries a large volume of water. The North Etoimami flows north through range 5. Before the Piwei joins it has an average width of fifteen feet and a depth of two feet. Its current is slow till the Piwei joins it and then it is swift, having a number of swift rapids, an average width of sixty feet and a depth of four feet. A good deal of the land in these townships is always flooded and impassable in the summer. There are rapids on the North Etoimami, but these have not suffi- cient fall to be used to develop power. On account of the extensive swamps the climate is cool in the summer, but no summer frosts occurred during the survey. The only fuel available is wood and there is a great supply of dry wood all over this part of the country. There are no stone quarries or minerals of any kind in this group. Moose are very plentiful in this district. — 0. A. Chilver, D.L.S., 1907. 45. The soil is good in most places, being a black loam with clay subsoil. There is some muskeg but not very much. The surface is level and thickly wooded with the exception of sections 5 and 8, which are scrubby and open. It is mostly timber to the east. Part of section 9 is also open. The chief timber is six to twelve-inch poplar and spruce with some eight-inch tamarack, but the timber is all scattered. Hay is fairly plentiful in sloughs scattered all over. The water is fresh and there is plenty of it in streams, sloughs and muskeg. The streams are all small. The land is not liable to be -flooded much, but was a little in some places this summer. There are no water-powers. The weather was usually fine and bright, but we had occasional showers. We had a heavy frost which froze the potato tops. The only kind of fuel is wood, but it is very plentiful. No coal, stone quarries or minerals were found. The only game seen was bear. — W. G. McFwlane, D.L.S., 1907. 38. The route to this township begins at Canora on the Canadian Northern rail- way and follows a good trail running in a northwesterly direction by Astwood post office to Fulton's mill in section 16. The soil is clay with loam in some parts but on account of the extensive muskegs it is not suitable for farming with the exception of sections 1 to 6, which are very good. The south half of section 3 is prairie and a 238 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SECOND MERIDIAN. Range £ — Continued. small part of sections 16 and 21 along the North Etoimami are also prairie. The north half of section 10, south half of section 16, the east quarter of section 21 and west quarter of section 22 are timbered with spruce and poplar six to fifteen inches in diameter. The east half of section 32 and the southwest quarter of section 33 are timbered with spruce and tamarack six to eighteen inches in diameter. The east half of section 28 and the west half of section 27 are timbered with poplar and spruce eight to twelve inches in diameter. The east half of section 24 is timbered with poplar two to twenty-four inches in diameter and the southeast quarter of section 36 is timbered with spruce two to twelve inches in diameter. In all of this township the spruce is too scattered to be valuable for lumbering but will be of great value to homesteaders. The remainder of the township is scrubby. The only hay in this township is a small quantity along the Etoimami valley. There is an abundant supply of good fresh water and the supply is permanent. The only stream of import- ance is the North Etoimami which begins in section 10 and flows north through the centre of the township. It has an average width of twenty links and depth of eighteen inches; it has a fair current. Back from the river valleys the lands are flooded the year round. There are no water-falls. The climate is a little cooler than the country to the south on account of extensive muskegs, and summer frosts are common. Wood is the only available fuel but the supply is very extensive. There are no stone quarries or minerals in this township. Moose, jumping deer and bear were the only game seen in this township. — C. A. Chilver, D.L.S., 1907. 39 & 40. The only route for reaching these townships is from Wadena, on the Canadian Northern railway, along a trail running in a northeasterly direction to Kelvington postoffice, thence north to Little Nut lake, thence east over a poor trail, impassable in summer, crossing the north of township 40, ranges 4, 5 and 6. There is no trail to township 39, ranges 4, 5 and 6, and a summer trail is not possible, and a winter trail very difficult to make on account of the great amount of fallen timber. The soil in these townships is all clay, but at present it is too swampy to be suitable for farming. A very good timber belt of spruce and white poplar lies across the north of this group of townships on the east of range 7. It extends from the north boundary half a mile south. On the east of range 6 it extends from the north boundary two miles south and on the east of range 4 it extends from the north boundary two and one-half miles south. It is part of the Red Deer Lumber com- pany's timber limit. The rest of the group is scrubby with small patches of scat- tered spruce. Hay sloughs are very numerous all through this group. There is an abundant supply of good fresh water. The Piwei flows across the north of range 6 and into the North Etoimami in range 5. It has an average width of fifty feet, a depth of four feet and carries a large volume of water. The North Etoimami flows north through range 5. Before the Piwei joins it it has an average width of fifteen feet and a depth of two feet. Its current is slow till the Piwei joins and then it is swift, having a number of swift rapids, an average width of sixty feet and a depth of four feet. - A good deal of the land in these townships is always flooded and im- passable in the summer. There are rapids on the North Etoimami, but these have not sufficient fall to be used to develop power. On account of the extensive swamps the climate is cool in summer, but no summer frosts occurred during the survey. The only fuel available is wood and there is a great supply of dry wood all over this part of the country. There are no stone quarries or minerals of any kind in this group. Moose are very plentiful in this district. — C. A. Chilver, D.L.S., 1907. 45. The soil in the south and east parts of this township is of little use for farming, as it is chiefly muskeg. A sandy ridge also runs north in sections 5 and TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 239 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SECOND MERIDIAN. Range 4 — Continued. 8, but sections 6, 7, 9, 10 and 11 would make fairly good farm land. The soil in these is loam and clay. The surface is all covered with bush, but the greater part of it is scrubby. Some poplar and spruce are found at the west side of the range, but not in any quantity. Hay is plentiful only in the southwest corner of the town- ship. It is all slough hay but of fairly good quality. The water is all fresh and very plentiful. Greenwood river runs through the west side of the range. It is about fifty feet wide, four feet deep and runs about four miles an hour. The south- east part of the township and a little at the southwest corner was flooded this sum- mer on an average of eight inches deep. Small water-power might be developed on Greenwood river, but it would not amount to much. The weather was warm and usually bright. We had occasional showers of rain and a little frost. Wood is the only fuel, but it is plentiful everywhere. No stone quarries, coal or minerals were found. Bears were the only game seen. — W. G. McFarlane, D.L.S., 1907. Range 6. 37. The route to this township begins at Canora on the Canadian Northern rail- way and runs in a northwesterly direction passing by Astwood postoffice along a good trail to Fulton's mill in township 38, range 5 to township 37, range 5 and then along a new trail west to township 37, range 6. The soil in sections 1 to 12 is very good and is suitable for farming lands but north of this the swamps are so numerous as to render the country of little use for farming and it is suitable only for a timber reserve. About six hundred acres of section 6 and the easterly half of section 1 are covered with poplar varying from two to ten inches in diameter. The remainder of the township is scrubby with a few small patches of fair timber. Hay is very abundant in this township, all of the creeks and streams having hay meadows along their banks growing firstclass blue-joint hay. The water supply is abundant and permanent and all fresh. One stream varying from twenty to fifty feet wide, and two feet deep, flows from the northwest to the southeast of the township. Its current is generally slow. Another stream on an average of eight feet wide and two feet deep flows across sections 7 and 5. It has a fair current. Most of the northern part of the township is flooded during a wet season and is almost impassible for wagons. There are no waterfalls in this township. On account of the swamps the climate is cooler than in the surrounding country and summer frosts were very frequent, ice being formed in August. The only fuel available is wood, white poplar fit for fuel being spread over the township. There are no stone quarries or minerals of any kind in this township. Moose and bear are the only game in this township. — G. A. Ghilver. D.L.S.—1907. 38. The route to this township begins at Canora on the Canadian Northern railway and follows a good trail running in a north westerly direction to Astwood postoffice thence northerly along a good trail to township 37, range 5, thence westerly along a new trail to township 37, range 6 thence north along new trail to township 38, range 6. The new trail is very poor on account of the water. The soil is mostly clay with black loam but the swamps are so numerous as to render the soil useless for farming. The westerly half of section 18, section 19, section 20, section 29 and section 30, section 31 and westerly half of section 32 are timbered with spruce and poplar varying from six to eighteen inches in diameter. The spruce is not thick enough to be valuable for lumbering purposes but is very valuable for homesteaders. There is also a quantity of timber around Mann lake, spruce and poplar six to eigh- teen inches in diameter. The easterly half of section 36 is timbered with spruce six to eighteen inches (Fulton's limit.) The remainder of the township is scrubby 240 • DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 19091 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SECOND MERIDIAN. Range 6 — Continued. .There is not much hay in this township as all of the low lands are muskegs, and hay sloughs are very scarce. There is an abundant supply of good fresh water. Though there are no creeks of any size small creeks are numerous. A large portion of the town- ship is flooded the year round. There are no waterfalls. On account of the great extent of swamps the weather is cooler in the summer than in places of similar lati- tude, and summer frosts occurred during every month of the summer. The only available fuel is wood hut this is very abundant all over the township. There are no stone quarries or minerals of any kind in this township. Moose and bear are plenti- ful.— 0. A. CUlver, DJj.8., 1907. 39 & 40. The only route for reaching these townships is from Wadena on the Canadian Northern railway along a trail running in a northeasterly direction to Kelvington postoffice, thence north to Little Nut lake, thence east over a poor trail impassable in summer, crossing the north of townships 40, ranges 4, 5 and 6. There is no trail to townships 39, ranges 4, 5 and 6 and a summer trail is not possible and a winter trail very difficult to make on account of the great amount of fallen timber. The soil in these townships is all clay but at present it is too swampy to be suitable for farming. A very good timber belt of spruce and white poplar lies across the Jnorth of this group of townships on the east of range 7. It extends from the north boundary half a mile south. On the east of range 6 it extends from thel north bound- ary two miles south, and on the east of range 4 it extends from the north boundary two and one-half miles south. It is part of the Red Deer Lumber company's timber .limit. The rest of the group is scrubby with small patches of scattered spruce. Hay 'sloughs are very numerous all through this group. There is an abundant supply of good fresh water. The Piwei flows across the north of range 6 and into the North Etoimami in range 5. It has an average width of fifty feet, a depth of four feet and carries a large volume of water. The North Etoimami flows north through range 5. Before the Piwei joins it has an average width of fifteen feet and a depth of two feet. Its current is slow till the Piwei joins it and then it is swift, having a number of swift rapids an average width of sixty feet and a depth of four feet. A good deal of the land in these townships is always flooded and impassable in the summer. There are rapids on the North Etoimami but these have not sufficient fall to be used to develop power. On account of the extensive swamps the climate is cool in the sum- mer but no summer frosts occurred during the survey. The only fuel available is wood and there is a great supply of dry wood all over this part of the country. There are no stone quarries or minerals of any kind in this group. Moose are very plenti- ful in this district.— C. A. CUlver, D.L.S., 1907. 45. The soil in this township is in general loam and clay much of it would make good farm land if cleared. Some parts of it however are flooded this season but not very badly. The surface is almost level and all wooded. The east half had some fine timber on it but it is pretty well cut over now. It is mostly spruce. There is still some good eight to twenty-inch spruce and poplar in the west part of the township, and scattered trees on the east part. Hay is rather scarce but there are a few scatter- ed hay sloughs. The water is fresh and very plentiful. Little Greenwood river runs down the east side of the range. It is about thirty feet wide, three feet deep and runs about two and one-half miles an hour. The land is flooded this summer in places but not to any depth. There are no water-powers. The weather was fine and bright with a few showers of rain and a light frost or two. The only kind of fuel is wood but it is plentiful everywhere. No coal, stone quarries or minerals were found. Bear was the only game seen. — W. 0. McFarlane, D.L.S., 1907. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 241 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SECOND MERIDIAN. Range 7. 39 & 40. The only route for reaching these townships is from Wadena on the Canadian Northern railway along a trail running in a northeasterly direction to Kelvington postoffice, thence north to Little Nut lake, thence east over a poor trail, impassable in summer — crossing the north of townships 40, ranges 4, 5 and 6. There is no trail to townships 39, ranges 4, 5 and C, and a summer trail is not possible and a winter trail very difficult to make on account of the great amount of fallen timber. The soil in these townships is all clay but at present it is too swampy to be suitable for farming. A very good timber belt of spruce and white poplar lies across the north of this group of townships on the east of range 7. It extends from the north bound- dary half a mile south. On the east of range 6 it extends from the north boundary two miles south, and on the east of range 4 it extends from the norm boundary two and one-half miles south. It is part of the Red Deer Lumber company's timber limit. The rest of the group is scrubby with small patches of scattered spruce. Hay sloughs are very numerous all through this group. There is an abundant supply of good fresh water. The Piwei flows across, the north of range 6 and into the north Etoimami, in range 5. It has an average width of fifty feet, a depth of four feet and carries a large volume of water. The North Etoimami flows north through range 5. Before the Piwei joins it it has an average width of fifteen feet and a depth of two feet. Its current is slow till the Piwei joins and then it is swift, having a number of swift rapids, an average width of sixty feet and a depth of four feet. A good deal of the land in these townships is always flooded and impassible in the summer. There are rapids on the North Etoimami but these have not sufficient fall to be used to develop power. On account of the extensive swamps the climate is cool in summer but no summer frosts occurred during the survey. The only fuel available is wood and there is a great supply of dry wood all over this part of the country. There are no stone quarries or minerals of any kind in this group. Moose are very plentiful in this district.— C. A. Ghilver, D.L.8., 1907. 45. The soil is loam and clay in general but there is also some muskeg scattered here and there. The eastern part of the range is rather flat and quite wet this season, but the west side is drained by Prairie river. The surface is rather flat to the east but gently rolling towards the west. It is all thickly wooded. There is still consider- able timber in the west part but a good deal has been cut out near Prairie river. It is spruce and poplar from six to twenty-four inches in diameter. The best of it is already taken up in timber limits. Hay is rather scarce but numerous hay sloughs are found here and there through the range. The water is fresh and plentiful. The only large stream is Prairie river. It is about sixty feet wide, three feet deep and has a current of about four miles per hour. There are no water-powers. The weather was cool and damp and we had about two inches of snow on September 13, and several hard frosts. The only fuel is wood but it is plentiful everywhere. No coal, stone quarries or minerals were found and no game was seen. — W. G. McFarlane, D.L.S., 1907. Range 8. 45. The soil in the eastern half of this township is loam and clay in general and would make good farm land. Quite a large stretch of muskeg runs up through the west half but at the west side there is some more good farm land. The surface is rather fiat and all thickly wooded. It is gently rolling to the northeast. There is some fine timber at the northeast corner of the part surveyed. Spruce from eight to thirty-six inches is found. There are also some scattered bluffs of spruce and poplar in the east half and also some at the west side of the township. Hay is scarce, but a 2'5b— 16 242 DEPARTUEST OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SECOND MERIDIAN. Range 8 — Continued. few hay sloughs are found. They were mostly too -.vet to out this summer. The water is Jresh and very plentiful in the muskegs, sloughs and small streams. There are no large streams. The land is in general rather flat and some of it especially in the muskeg is liable to be flooded a foot deep. There are no wte^-pi wct-. The weather was bright and warm with occasional frost and some rain. The only fuel is wood but it is plentiful everywhere. No stone quarries, minerals, coal or game were seen. W. G. McFarlane. D.L.S., 1907. Range 9. 45. The route followed was by trail along the Canadian Northern railway east from Mistatim. The trail crosses the railway several times and would be very rough for wagons. The ground was frozen and had five or six inches of snow so that it was good sleighing. The soil is mostly loam and clay but there are stretches of muskeg: running here and there through the whole township. Some of it would make good farm land. The surface is gently rolling and all thickly wooded. A consider- able quantity of timber is found at the west side and the southeast corner. It is pretty well cut over at the southeast corner now and the best of it has been taken off the west side. A lot of ties have been taken out and piled along the railway. There are still some scattered spruce from eight to thirty inches. Hay is not very plentiful but some long hay meadows are found along a creek in sections 23, 14 and 11. It is chiefly slough grass. The water is all fresh and very plentiful in small streams, muskegs and lakes. The land is only liable to be flooded slightly in the muskegs but not to any depth. There are no water-powers. The climate was fine and frosty. There was about six inches of snow on the ground and the trees were covered with it. We had occasional snow flurries. The only fuel is wood but it is very plentiful everywhere. No coal, stone quarries or minerals were found and the only game seen was lynx. There are some railway tie camps and mills near Ban- nock but they are not large ones. — W. G. McFarlane. D.L.S., 1907. Range 10 38. The route to this township begins at Wadena on the Canadian Northern rail- way and runs in a northeasterly direction along a well beaten trail to Kilvington postoffice and thence north and northeasterly on a fair trail to township 37, range 10, thence north along a new trail to this township. The soil, generally is first class but sloughs and swamps are numerous and extensive. The soil is suitable for raising wheat and oats. The surface is covered with scrubby poplar and willow with the exception of sections 6 and 7, which are well timbered with white poplar varying 'from four to twenty-four inches in diameter. On an average year there would be an abundance of marsh hay, scattered all over the township, also a good growth of up- land grass and peavine where the scrub is not too dense. In this township, there is a large and permanent supply of good water. One stream fifteen links wide and two feet deep begins in a lake in section 2. and flows westward across the township. It has a strong current and good water. Very little of the land, except that around the larger lakes, is liable to be flooded and that to no great depth. There is no water- •power in this township. Though not there in summer, I heard reports of summer frosts in this township. The rainfall was abundant during summer months. Wood is the only available fuel. White poplar is scattered all over the township. There are no stone quarries or minerals in this township. Game is rather scarce on ac- count of the closeness of the Indian reeerve. There are a few jumping deer, mink and fox.— C. A. Chtlvcr. D.L.S., 1907. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 243 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SECOND MERIDIAN. Range 10 — Continued. 40. There are no good trails into this township, but by following the old Nut lake trail from Wadena to where it crosses the Indian reserve boundary and frottn there taking an old Indian trail, leading to Greenwater lake, to the north side jf section 21, township 40, range 11 and thence along a trail which we cut, entrance vere found. The only game was antelope and duck. — J. L. R. Parsons, D.L.S., 1907. 21. This township is approached by several well beaten trails from the east and south connecting with the main trails running to the different towns which are situated on the various railway lines, twenty to twenty-five miles distant. The soil is generally sandy clay, suitable for growing wheat, barley, oats and vegetables, of which I saw several excellent crops. The surface is generally undulating, and in a few places rolling prairie. There are a few isolated hills situated in sections 26, 36, 33 and 18. The one in section 26 is known as Eyebrow hill from its peculiar shape, and is about seventy feet high. There is very little water. A small spring in section 27 was the only one noticed; the creeks a«d sloughs being all dry at the time of survey (Septem- ber). However the settlers in this township have numerous wells from which a supply of excellent water is obtained. There is no timber or bush of any description in this township, so that the settlers have to burn coal which is obtained at the nearest railway stations. A small amount of hay is obtained from the bottom lands and a few of the dry sloughs, but the supply is limited. There are no lakes or sloughs and from what I could learn, there are no summer frosts that do any material injury. We did not perceive any signs of lignite or coal seams. The nearest postoffice is Hustler, situated in township 22, r^nge 29, west of 2nd meridian, to which the mail is broug- 1 once a week from Craik, fifteen miles distant. We did not notice any stone quarries, but observed many boulders scattered on the hill tops. The proposed route of the extension of the Canadian Pacific railway from Moosejaw to the Elbow nans across the northern part of this township and when finished will be a great boon to the numerous settlers in this vicinity, especially as they are forming a village in this township.— E. W. Hubbell, D.L.S., 1906. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 271 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b , TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Range 2 — Continued. 22. This township can be reached by several well travelled trails from towns situated on the nearest railways and distant thirty-five to forty miles. The soil is generally sandy clay intermixed occasionally with a little gravel. We came across several excellent crops of grain, principally wheat; thirty-eight bushels to the acre was threshed off about eighty acres, on the northeast quarter of section 10. The sur- face is generally undulating to rolling but is slightly hilly in the west half of the town- ship. There are two springs in this township, situated in sections 1 and 16 respectively and the water is fresh and sweet although in very hot weather the supply is limited. Water is also obtainable from Eye lake in sections 2, 3, 10 and 11, also from a lake in the east half of section 5. Otherwise the country is rather dry. There is no wood of any description except a little poplar in the east half of section 36, which has been culled over and over again. The settlers burn coal, although some obtain a little wood from the sand hills to the north. Hay is very scarce, a limited amount being obtained from a few dry marshes. Wool top and straw are generally used by the settlers as fodder for their stock. There is no flooded land and I believe no summer frosts that do any material damage. No sign of lignite veins or coal were noticed nor are there stone quarries. There are several trails passing through this township; one of them is the old and well travelled trail to Saskatoon, which is, however, gradually getting ploughed up in places. The nearest postoffice is Hustler, situated in township 22, range 29, and distant fifteen miles from the town of Craik, from which place the mail is delivered once a week. The original survey was fairly well done, except for a few miles which had to be entirely resurveyed and the old mounds of which had to be destroyed. All the homesteads are ta^en up and improvements were noticed on nearly all of them, as well as upon the odd numbered sections. This is a well settled and apparently a prosperous agricultural district. — E. W. Hubbell, D.L.S., 1906 23. That portion of this township lying south of Qu'Appelle river can be easily reached from projected stations on the new Moosejaw Northwestern branch of the Canadian Pacific railway, which, although graded, had not been ironed at the time of survey. That part lying to the north of the Qu'Appelle valley may be reached by fair roads from Craik, a station on the Canadian Northern railway. In the greater part of this township the soil consists of light and sandy loam with sometimes a clay subsoil. The sections however in the northeast and southwest corners are of a black loam suit- able for raising any indigenous crops. The surface in the northeast and southwest corners is somewhat rolling but a good deal broken in the central parts from the north- west to the southeast corners. It is all open prairie except in the valley of the Qu'- Appelle, where it is somewhat scrubby. There is no timber. There are but few hay marshes, the hay having to be procured from the uplands. There is plenty of water, but not of very good quality, except in wells sunk by some of the settlers. There is no current in the river nor in Eyebrow lake, nor are there any water-powers. Fuel has to be brought from the sand hills to the northwest or from the nearest railway stations. No stone quarries or minerals were observed. The best lands in the town- ship, I believe, have already been taken up, although not all occupied. — C. F. Miles, D.L.S., 1907. 24. This township may be reached by a graded road from the village of Craik, a station on the Canadian Northern railway distant from Eegina about seventy-two miles by rail. There are several elevators here and a daily train service. Some of the settlers in the westerly portion of this township trade at Girvin, and others at Davidson, both villages on the same line of railway. The soil in the easterly portions is generally a black loam with a clay subsoil, whereas the westerly smaller part is more 272 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSniPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Bange 2 — Continued. of a sandy nature, with nearly a pure sand in some of the westerly tier of sections. The surface is undulating and open prairie, except the southwesterly quarter which is partly covered with a dense growth of scrub and brush — being a part of the sand hills extending in here from the west. It is a comparatively dry township. The hay is got from the uplands or dry beds of marshes. The water in the ponds is frequently alkaline, but many settlers now have sunk wells from which they draw their supply of water. There is a lake on sections 8 and 17, from which there is a flow at times of high water. There are no water-powers in the township. The climate is normal and no summer frosts were experienced, in fact settlers maintained that no summer frosts had occurred since they settled there. There is some timber in the sand bills to the west, from which much of the fuel supply is procured, but in course of time it will have to be imported from the nearest railway stations. All the poles that have been used for building purposes have also been drawn from the adjacent township. There are no stone quarries, but sufficient stone may be gathered for local building purposes. No minerals were observed. Antelope and deer are still to be found in the hills, and put in an occasional appearance. Prairie chickens appeared still to abound in the brushy parts after the cold weather set in. This township is well settled and the homesteads in the open parts are all occupied. — C. F. Miles, D.L.S., 1907. 33. The southeast quarter of the township is from rolling to hilly prairie, most of the hills and ridges and many other parts being stony. The soil is good clay loam, but on account of broken surface and stones, the greater portion of this part of the township is best adapted for grazing. The southwest quarter and the north half of the township are rolling prairie. The soil is mostly a good clay loam runuing into sand loam at the northwest part of the township. Sloughs are found all over the township with water more or less alkaline in all of them. No extensive hay meadows exist, but hay in small quantities can be cut around nearly all sloughs aud in many places on the upland. A traverse was made of four water areas and the water in all of them was found to be strongly alkaline. With the exception of the southeast part, this is a good township for farming. The homesteads are nearly all taken up and good progress has been made in developing them. The building of the Grand Trunk Pacific railway has increased the value of land and added much to the prospects of the community. The season was a very good one for farming. There was sufficient rain and little damage by frost or hail in this township. — Wm. B. Reilly, D.L.S., 1906. 34. This township varies from rolling to hilly prairie, there being very little level land. There is no wood of any kind. There are patches of alkali land in the majority of the sections, the largest stretches being in the north part of sections 31, 32 and 33. This township is dotted all over with sloughs containing water more or less alkaline. One lake was traversed in sections 15 and 16, and one in sections 7 and 18. The water in the former is slightly alkaline, and in the latter it is so strongly alkaline that stock will not drink it. The soil is generally a good clay loam, but is somewhat alkaline in the lowlands. It produces first class grain and other crops. Hay is not plentiful, but a considerable quantity can be cut in many places. Settlement started in this township less than four years ago, but it has many appearances of an old settled district. A large amount of improvements has been done this season. The season was an excellent one for farming, there being an abundance of rain, little or no damaging frost, and very slight damage on account of hail. The survey of the main line of the Grand Trunk Pacific railway cuts the township from sections 13 to TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 273 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Range 2 — Continued. 31. The advent of this road has greatly advanced the price of land and added fresh impetus to the settlers. A very prominent hill which can be seen for many miles is on the southeast quarter of section 16. — Wm. R. Reilly, D.L.S., 1906. 38. The surface is from rolling to hilly prairie. The township is cut diagonally by a range of hills from sections 6 to 36. The southeast portion is hilly with many sloughs containing mostly fresh water. The greater part of this portion of the town- ship is stony, sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 9 and 10 being very stony. A flat at the foot of the hills has a succession of sloughs from sections 7 to 35. The ground gradually rises westward from the flat. The northwest part is all rolling. The soil is mostly a rich clay loam with clay subsoil. The northwest part is splendid farming land. Some quarter sections south of the flat f.nd along the east side of the township are very good, but the greater part of the south of the township is unfit for cultivation. Small quantities of hay, can be cut in many places, but no large amount in any one place. The original plan shows an old cart trail, crossing the township. This has been ploughed up in many places and is nearly blotted out. The township has farm trails in all directions but as they are of no importance they were not noted. The main line of the Canadian Northern railway curves a short distance into sections 33, 34 and 35. The climate was favourable for all classes of farming with frequent rains through June and July, little or no summer frost and very good harvest weather.— Wm. R. Reilly, D.L.S., 1906. 52. The surveyed trail to Montreal lake passes within a few miles of the Sturgeon Lake Lumber company's mill, which is in section 22 of the township immediately east; the trail to the mill is good but the bush road from the mill is not in good con- dition. The nature of the soil would permit of good mixed farming. The surface is slightly rolling, covered with poplar and thick hazel. The north shore of Von Mehern lake is bordered with first class spruce from six to thirty inches in thickness. There is a small quantity of hay on the south shore of Von Mehern lake and also on the shore of Cox lake; the quality is coarse. There is a sufficient and permanent supply of fresh water. Some of the smaller sloughs are slightly alkaline. The streams are small and not liable to flood the adjacent land to any appreciable extent. The climate for this summer was exceptionally wet and very cool. We had ice during the months of June, July, August, September, October, November and December. Poplar for fuel is most readily available and can be procured in any part of the town- ship. There are no stone quarries, or minerals of any kind. Red deer, cotton tail, bear and partridges exist but are very scarce; muskrat, foxes and lynx are more numerous, also innumerable black ducks. — A. L. MacLennan, D.L.S., 1907. Range 8. 5. Thiu township was reached from township 5, range 2, by travelling westward along the 2nd base line. The soil is of good quality and the greater part of the town- ship is suited for agricultural purposes. The surface is level or rolling prairie except along the east branch of Wood river, where it is rough and broken. No timber occurs. Good hay is found in the small hay marshes and in the valley of the east branch. Fresh water was obtainable at the time of survey (August) in the small sloughs and marshes, also in the east branch of Wood river which crosses sections 4, 9, 16, 15, 22, 27 and 33, in its northerly course ; it averages eight links wide, one foot deep, and has a current of one mile per, hour. No water-powers occur. The climate is moderate with no frosts. There is no fuel in the township but wood and coal are both obtain- 25b— 18 274 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Range S — Continued. able in the township to the south. No stone quarries nor minerals were found. Duck was the only game. — J. L. R. Parsons, D.L.S., 1907. 11. This township was reached from township 12, range 2, by following the settler's trail westward to township 11, ranges 4 anl 5. It was in good condition. The soil is of fair quality and adapted for agricultural purposes. The surface is level and roll- ing prairie except the eastery tier of sections which are hilly prairie. There is no timber. Hay is scarce in this township. A small amount is found in the small hay marshes in the north part of the township. Water is not plentiful but at the time of 6urvey (September) was obtainable in small marshes in the north part of the town- ship. No creeks nor water-powers occur. The climate is moderate with no frosts. No fuel, stone quarries nor minerals were found. Antelope was the only game. — J. L. R. Parsons, D.L.S., 1907. 12. This township was Teached from township 11, range 2, by following the old QuAppelle trail westerly. It was in good condition. The soil is of good quality, but on account of the hills the land is suitable for grazing purposes only. The sur- face is rolling and hilly prairie with no timber. A little hay is to be found in the small hay marshes scattered through the township. Water was to be had at the time of survey (September), in the small sloughs and marshes. There are no creeks and no water-powers. The oliaate is moderate with no frosts at the time of the survey. No fuel, stone quarries no minerals were found. The only game was antelope. — J. L. R. Parsons, D.L.S., 1907. 51. This township was reached by the Sturgeon lake trail from Prince Albert. When we went out part of the trail was very wet so that we had great difficulty in getting to our township, but later on the trail was dried up, so that is was fair for travelling on. This township we found to be a very difficult one to survey as the entire surface is covered with timber and scrub. It was also very wet so that we could make little progress in our work, owing to the thickness of the undergrowth and the numerous ponds and lakes. There are ten large lakes which we traversed, two of which are over two miles long. The water in these lakes is fairly good, there being only a little alkali in them. The soil is generally good, being clay or clay loam, which if brought under cultivation would make good farming land, but, though there would be some trouble in clearing it up, it would repay. There is not much timber that would be of commercial value but it would be suitable for small buildings. There is a fair sized stream but it has no water-powers on it. The climate is fair, but at present owing to the dense growth of wood, &c, it would seem to be subject to frosts that would be injurious to crops. Yet if cleared up the frosts might not exist. There is plenty of fuel in the timber now growing, but there are no indica- tions of coal or any mineral of any kind. There are some deer, and other kinds of game, but not very numerous. Taking the township as a whole thare are a good many desirable sections for settlement. — James Warren. D.L.S., 1907. Range U- 1. There is a trail from Moosejaw running south of Johnston lake leaving the Wood mountain trail at the east end of the lake and crossing the east boundary of 6ection 24. There is also a trail from Mortlach which runs to a squatter's house on section 4, township 12, range 4. The soil is clay or clay loam and suitable for farm- ing. The land along the creek is broken and scrubby and more adapted for stock raising and mixed farming. The remainder of the township is a level or gently rolling prairie. There are no timber and no hay sloughs but there is considerable TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCB 275 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OP THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Range 4 — Continued. good prairie hay. The streams are the only permanent water supply of the township, the largest being Wood river. It is from fifteen to sixty feet wide but the current is sluggish, and during the fall and winter it is practically dry except for standing water. Power could be developed only for a small portion of the year. There were no summer frosts up to the time of completion of survey (July.) There is a little wood along the streams but there are no lignite or coal veins in the township. There are no stone quarries or minerals of economic value known. There are ducks and chicken along the creek and a few deer along the streams in sections 22 and 27. —Chas. M. Teasdale, D.L.S., 1907. 12. This township was reached from township 12, range 3, by following the old Qu'Appelle trail westerly. The soil is of good quality and is excellent agricul- tural land. The surface is rolling prairie with no timber. Hay is scarce in this township. A little is to be had where the valley of Wood river widens out. Good fresh water is to be found in the river. The junction of the south and middle forks occurs in township 11, range 4, and the river flows northward in township 12 through sections 2, 3, 9, 10, 15, 16, 22, 27, 28, 29 and 32. It is joined in section 32 by the north branch in which however there was no water at the time of survey (September.) This stream averages twenty-five links wide, three feet deep and has a current of one and one-half miles per hour. No water-powers occur. The climate is moderate with slight frosts at the time of survey. Fire wood sufficient for the needs of the settlers for several years is to be found along the river. No stone quarries nor minerals were found. Antelope and duck were the only game seen. —J. L. R. Parsons, D.L.S., 1907. 50. This township was reached by a trail cut through woods from township 51, range 3, which was very rough and difficult to make. This township is largely tim- bered with jackpine, spruce and young poplar. The soil is chiefly sandy and there is very little soil that would be adapt • 1 for farming purposes except some locations in the south and northeasterly portions of the township. There are some patches o# poplar, but none of any commercial value. The jackpine timber would make ties for railway purposes but the supply is limited. In the centre of the township there is a large muskeg iwhich breaks up the township very much. At the southwesterly part of the township Shell river comes in. This is a large stream about fifty links wide, used at times for floating logs by the lumbermen. There is plenty of fuel all through, the township being covered with timber, but there are no indications of coal or any other mineral, nor is there any fixed rock in any part of the township. Game is scarce, there being only an occasional deer to be seen. The only meadow for grass is in sections 36 and 25, but only in a limited quantity. — James Warren, D.L.8., 1907. 51. This township was reached by a trail cut through township 51, range 3, which! connected with the Sturgeon lake trail. There was a good deal of difficulty in get- ting to this township owing to many wet and soft places. There is a good deal of good land in parts# of the township especially in the eastern portion. It would be well adapted for farming purposes, but would require the clearing away of the tim- ber, scrub, &c, as the whole surface is covered with woods, there being no prairie or opening of any kind. There is a good deal of very fine timber in the western por- tions of the township, chiefly spruce and poplar, which are of commercial value. There are no hay marshes, as where there are any openings it is covered with water. The water is good, there being little or no alkali in it. There is a stream running souiheagterly through the northerly portion of the township, which is a nice sized 2£b— 18J 276 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Range £ — Continued. stream, but it has no water-powers on it as the current is not strong. It has some hay flats along parts of it. There is plenty of fuel all over the township, there being an abundant supply of timber or wood. There are no indications of coal or any mineral of any kind, nor is there any fixed rock exposed anywhere. There are a few ducks on the ponds or lakes, but not very many. This township would be well adapted for farming purposes. Of course there wouM have to be a good deal of labour expended before the land would be in a state fit for cultivation. At present the Uwnship would be liable to frosts, but I think that would be less if the land were cleared up.— James Warren, D.L.S., 1907. Range 5. 10. This township is reached from Moosejaw by following the Wood mountain trail to township 10, range 1, and then following a trail which run? west along the north boundary of township 10, range 4. The soil is a clay or clay loam and suitable fur farming except in sections 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 18 and 17, which are rolling and have considerable stone on them. These sections are best adapted for grazing. The sur- face is all prairie with no timber except some small maple all along Wood river creek. The prairie is covered with a heavy growth of grass suitable for hay. Water is very scarce except in the river. The water in the lake in section 16 is alkaline but the water in the lake on secton 36 is fresh. At the time of survey (June) the river was from ten to fifteen feet deep and had a strong current, but it became partly- dry later in the season. This river is not suitable for water-power as the water does not run all year. There were no summer frosts. There is a little wood along Wood river and coal can be procured at Wood mountain. There are no stone quarries, and no minerals of economic value. Game is not very plentiful but there are a few chickens and ducks along the river and a few antelope in the hilly portion to the southwest of the township. — Chas. M. Teasdale, D.L.8., 1907. 11. This township is reached from Moosejaw or Mortlach. The trail from Moose- jaw runs north of Johnston lake, and is known as the Fort Walsh trail. The soil is a clay or clay loam, well adapted for farming. The surface is all prairie except a little maple and willow bush along the river. There is no timber. Hay is not plenti- ful, but there is some on the flats on sections 34, 35 and 26. At the time of survey (August) there was no water in the township except in the river and in a long slough in the valley. The stream is from ten to twenty feet wide and contains fresh water. There is very little current, and, as it is practically dry during the fall and winter, it is not suitable for water-power. There were no frosts during the survey. Some deadwood can be had along the river, but not in large quantities. There are no coal or lignite veins, no stone quarries and no minerals of economic value found in the township. Duck and chickens are quite plentiful along the river and a few antelope are found in the west part of the township. — Chas. 31. Teasdale, D.L.S., 1907. • 12. This township was reached from township 12, range 4, by travelling west. The soil is good and suited for agricultural purposes. The surface is rolling prairie with no timber. Hay is not plentiful, but a limited supply is to be had in the small hay marshes and flats along the two branches of Wood river. Good water is to be had in the little branch. Notukeu creek. The north branch, Wiwa creek, was dry at the time of survey, September. Notukeu creek crosses sections 7, 8, 9, 10 and 3, while Wiwa creek crosses sections 31, 32, 33. 34, 35 and 36. No water-powers occur. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 277 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Range 5 — Continued. The climate is moderate. A limited amount of firewood is to be found along the river. No stone quarries nor minerals were found. Game consists of antelope and duck. — J. L. R. Parsons, D.L.8., 1907. Range 6. 11. This township was reached from township 6, range 12, by travelling south. The soil is of light quality and is only fair agricultural land. The surface is level and rolling prairie except the three southwest sections, which are hilly. There is no timber. A fine hay marsh occupies the south half of sections 14, 15, 16 and 17, and the north half of sections 8, 9, 10 and 11, affording abundance of good hay. This hay was cut this year by settlers or ranchers. Water is very scarce and at the time of survey (September) it was possible to obtain it only by digging in the centre of hay marshes and dry slough bottoms. No creeks nor water-powers occur. The clim- ate is moderate with light frosts. No fuel, stone quarries nor minerals were found. Antelope was the only game seen. — J. L. R. Parsons, D.L.S., 1907. 12. The north half of this township is poor soil, while the south half is fair and suited for agricultural purposes. The surface is rolling prairie with no timber. Hay is not plentiful, but a little is to be found along the banks of Notukeu creek. Good water is to be found in this creek, which crosses sections 18, 17, 16, 15, 9, 10, 11 and 12. It averages twenty-five links wide, two feet deep and has a current of one and one-half miles per hour No water-powers occur. The climate is moderate with slight frosts. A little fuel is found along the creek. No stone quarries nor minerals were found. Game consists of antelope and duck. — /. L. R. Parsons, D.L.8., 1907. 34. This is a rough broken township. South Saskatchewan river enters the town- ship in section 2. It flows northward through wide undulating flats, in a channel with sharp eutbanks twenty to thirty feet above low water. It cuts sections 2, 11, 10, 15, 14, 23, 22, 27, 28 and 33. A large and a small island is formed by two channels of the river in sections 27 and 28. The large island is covered with a heavy growth of poplar, willow, ash and alder scrub. The south channel has the widest and deepest stream. A small wooded island is formed near the left bank on section 2. At the medium height of water a long narrow island is formed along the right bank in section 2 by a narrow stream that branches off the main stream about a quarter of a mile above the south boundary of the township. This stream will be dry in low water. The lower portion of the island is covered with a thick growth of small willow, the remainder with heavy poplar and willow scrub. A long narrow crooked body of fresh water known as Pike lake, covers a portion of sections 9, 4, 5, 8, 17, 16 and 21. It seems to be well stocked with fish principally pike. The west shore through sec- tions 5 and 8 and the east shore through section 8 is well defined with good banks. The remainder of the shore line is low and flat. A small creek runs into the lake on the east side of section 5 and one out of the south and through sections 9, 16, 21, 29 and into the river in the southeast corner of section 32. These creeks are dry during the summer. Browns lake, a shallow body of fresh water, cuts the corners of section 32 and 33. It is muskeggy on the west and north sides. From section 17 a muskeg and marsh extend across sections 20, 29 and 32. A large quantity of hay can be cut in the marsh on sections 29 and 32. The river valley is skirted on the east by a range of hills sloping to the river and outlined, roughly speaking, by a crooked course from the northeast corner of section 1 through 12, the west half of 13, the southwest corner 278 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Range 6 — Continued. of 24, skirting the river closely through 23 and 26 and into the centre of 27, thence northeasterly through 27 and the west half of 35. The valley is marked on the west side by a range of similar hills, whose outline is near the centre of sections 5, 8, 17, 20, 29 and 32. The hills on both sides of the valley are mostly light sandy soil, third or fourth class and fit only for grazing purposes. The western hills are thickly dotted with poplar bluffs with timber four inches to eight inches in diameter. The eastern hills are nearly bare, having only odd clumps of brush or light poplar bluffs. The greater part of the valley is covered with poplar bluffs and heavy underbrush of willow, poplar, alder, ash, cherry and hazel with intervening prairie openings. A large portion of the poplar is large enough for building purposes, fencing, etc. Only a small portion of the willow is large or straignt enough for fence posts. There are some scattered cottonwood trees twelve to twenty inches in diameter along the river in sections 2 and 11. The largest quantity of timber is on the flats in sections 27, 28, 33 and 34. A great quantity of firewood can be taken off these flats. On the west side of the river nearly all the homesteads in the valley are taken, and some settlers have made good improvements. The soil of this part of the valley is mostly a rich clay loam. An Indian reserve in the southeast corner of the township covers the most of the good land on the east side of the river. A trail from Saskatoon to the Indian reserve runs along the east side of sections 25 and 24 and through 13 into the reserve. An old trail on the west side of the river passes nearly due south through sections 32, 29, 20, 17, 8 and 5. Some very strong springs flow out at the foot of the hills in section 32. Indications are that enough water could be got here to supply a large town. No stone quarries or minerals of economic value were found. No water-power exists except what might be developed on the river. Game was scarce, Some badgers, rabbits, coyotes, grouse and prairie chicken were seen, also some marks of deer but none were seen. — Wm. R. Reilly, D.L.S., 1907. 35. The surface, soil and general appearance of this township vary very much. The southeast and northeast corners are broken by the south branch of Saskatchewan river. The eastern part is rather flat, being valley land, the western part rolling to hilly. The division is marked by a range of hills skirting the flat from the southeast corner of section 35. An old trail follows the brow of these hills. It is the summer road of the settlers in the valley up the river. They make a winter road in the flats below. Moon lake in the flats is a shallow body of fresh water cutting sections 10, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22 and 23. It has low marshy shores with reeds on the greater part of its border, extending far out into the water. It can be easily drained into the river. A large portion of the southeast quarter of the township and sections 22, 23, 24, 25 and 36 are covered with a heavy growth of red willow, poplar and balm of Gilead. Some of the willow is large enough for fence posts. The poplar and balm of Gilead can be used for fuel and rough buildings. The remainder of the township is dotted more or less with clumps of poplar and willow brush, which will supply fuel and fencing, but very little building material. The soil of the flats is mostly good clay loam. The upland in the northwest quarter of the township is good sand loam. There is light sand in the southwest corner of the township and on sections 1, 2, 3 and 4. This part of the township is of little use for farming purposes but will make good grazing land. The greater number of the homesteads have been taken up, and good progress made in many cases. Hay is not plentiful but a limited quantity can be cut in many places on both low and high ground. The soil, character of the ground and shelter for stock, make the district more suitable for mixed farming than for exclusive grain growing. — Wm. R. Reilly, D.L.S., 1906. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRIANCH 279 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Range 6 — Continued. 48. This township is on the whole very sandy and light soil, timbered with spruce, jackpine, and poplar. Some of the timber is of commercial value, but the greater part is small and light. There is a good deal of scrub especially along the banks of the Snake Plain creek which runs through this township. This stream has a very slow current as is indicated by its crooked course. There are no water-powers on the stream in this township as in the township to the west. There are no indica- tions of fixed rock, nor mineral of any kind, but there is plenty of fuel consisting of the timber now growing. There are no hay marshes or meadows in any part of the township. There are two lakes partly in this township and in the adjoining lands. — James Warren, D.L.S., 1907. Range 7. 11. This township was reached from township 12, range 6, by travelling west- ward along the north bank of Notukeu creek. The soil is light but of good quality and is suitable for agricultural purposes. The surface is rolling prairie with no tim- ber. Very little hay is to be found in the few scattered hay marshes. Water is very scarce except in Notukeu creek, which crosses sections 31, 32, 33 and 34, and averages twenty-five links wide, two feet deep and has a current of one and one-half miles per hour. No water-powers occur. The climate is moderate with light frosts at the time of survey (September). The only fuel consists of a little brush found along the banks of the creek. No stone quarries nor minerals are found. Antelope and duck were the only game. — J. L. R. Parsons, D.L.3., 1907. 12. This township was reached from township 12, range 6, by travelling along the north side of Notukeu creek. The soil is light but of good quality and suited for agricultural purposes. The surface is level and rolling prairie with no timber. A little hay is to be found in a few scattered hay marshes. Water is very scarce except in the creek which crosses section 3, 2, 11, 12 and 13, and averages twenty-five links wide, two feet deep and has a current of one and one half miles per hour. No water-powers occur. The climate is moderate with light frosts at the time of survey (September.) The only fuel is a little brush found along the banks of the creek. No stone quarries nor minerals occur. Game consists of antelope and duck. — J. L. R. Parsons, D.L.S., 1907. 48. This township was reached from the trail passing through Mistawasis Indian reserve which is a very good trail for travelling. The township is very much broken wp with lakes and small ponds. We traversed eighteen and there are a number nearly large enough to be included in the traverse. The soil is largely clay and would be fit for cultivation, but for the greater part the township is better adapted for ranch- ing as there is an abundance of good feed in the township, but only very few hay marshes. There are no indications of any minerals, but for fuel there is plenty of wood, and in parts there are some good patches of jackpine that would be available for railway ties. There is a fine stream, Snake plain creek, running through the southerly part of the township on which there are many good millsites or water- powers for any kind of machinery. There are few such streams in the territory. From fifty to one hundred horse-power could be easily developed. The water in the lakes and streams is very good being almost entirely free from alkali and in many of the lakes there are plenty of fish. Game is also plentiful in some localities, deer and duck being quite common. On the whole the township would be better adapted for ranching than for any other purpose. — James Warren, D.L.S., 1907. 280 DEPARTMEyT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN". Range 7 — Continued. 49. This township was reached from the Snake plain trail through the Mista- wasis Indian reserve. The trail was a very good one and easy to travel on owing to the dry nature of the soil. A great part of the soil in this township is light or sandy, parts of the south and west being somewhat heavier. The soil as a whole is better adapted for grazing or ranching than for farming, as the grass in the woods is very good and there is also plenty of water. The surface of this township is nearly all wood or covered with light scrub. There are a few openings in the north- easterly parts of the township. There is no timber of any commercial value on the township, being chiefly small poplar and scrub. There are no hay marshes or lands, as around the lakes the land is dry. The water is generally good being fresh and not very alkaline anywhere. There are no streams of any size and consequently no water-powers. There is plenty of wood fuel, but there are no indications of coal, of any fixed rock, nor of any kind of mineral. Game is scarce, none of any sort being seen. The soil and surroundings would indicate that the township could be utilized for ranching, there being plenty of pasture in the woods but the scarcity of hay would be a drawback. — Jam.es Wari'en, D.L.S., 1907. Range 8. 11. This township was reached from township 12, range 7. The soil is light but of good quality and is suited for agricultural purposes. The surface is rolling prairie with no timber. Fresh water is found in the Notukeu creek, which crosses sections 18, 19, 20, 29, 28, 27, 26 and 36, and averages thirty links wide, two and one- half feet deep and has a current of one and one-half miles per hour. There are no water-powers. Hay grows in the small hay marshes scattered through the township, a large hay marsh occurring in section 6. The hay is marsh grass of good quality. The climate is moderate vrith light frosts at the time of survey (September.) Fuel consists of a little brush found along the creek. No stone quarries nor minerals were found. Antelope and ducks were the only game. — J. L. R. Parsom, B.L.S., 1907. 12. This township was reached from township 12, range 7. The soil is light and sandy and on account of the hills suited only for grazing. The surface is rolling and hilly prairie with no timber. A little hay is to be found in the few small hay marshes in the township. Water is scarce. A little was found in marshes which had not dried up, but no creeks were found and consequently no water-powers. The climate is moderate with sharp frosts at the time of the survey, (September.) No fuel, stone quarries nor minerals were found. Antelope was the only game. — J. L. R. Pan-sons, D.L.S., 1907. Range 9. 11. This township was reached frem township 12, range 9. The soil is light, with much sand and gravel, and is suited only for grazing purposes. The surface is rolling and hilly prairie with no timber. Marsh grass of good quality is found in a number of small hay marshes throughout the township. Fresh water is found in the small marshes and in the middle branch of Notukeu creek. This creek, which crosses sections 7, 18, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24, averages thirty links in width, two and one- half feet in depth and has a current of one and one-half miles per hour. No water- powers occur. The climate is moderate, with light frosts at the time of survey — October. Fuel consists of a little brush found in the valley. No stone quarries nor minerals occur. Antelope and duck were the only game. — J. L. R. Parsons, D.L.S., 1907. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAXCH 281 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Range 9 — Continued. 12. This township was reached from township 12, range 8. The soil is sandy and light, and suited for grazing purposes. The surface is rolling and hilly prairie, with no timber. Marsh grass and red top were found in a few scattered hay marshes. Fresh water was scarce and was found only in a few marshes and in a small lake in section 35. No creeks and no water-powers occur. The climate is moderate, with light frosts at the time of survey — October. No fuel, stone quarries nor minerals were found. Antelope and ducks were the only game. — J. L. R. Parsons, D.L.S., 1907. Range 10. 11. This township was reached from township 12, range 9. The soil is light in quality but is fairly well suited for agricultural purposes. The surface is rolling prairie with no timber. Fresh water was found in the small marshes in the township, in a large marsh in section 22, which drains into Turkeytrack lake, and also in Notukeu creek and its branches. One branch, Mosquito creek, flows southerly through sections 19, 18, 17 and 8, joining the main creek in section 5. This is twenty links wide, one foot deep and has a current of one and one-half miles per hour. Old Notukeu creek flows through sections 5, 4, 9, 10, 11 and 12. It is thirty links wide, one and one-half feet deep and has a current of one and one-half miles per hour. No water-powers occur. The climate is moderate, with light frosts at the time of survey — October. The only fuel is a little scrub found along the creeks. No stone quarries nor minerals occur. Antelope and ducks were the only game. — J. L. R. Parsons, D.L.S., 1907. 12. This township was reached from township 12, range 9. The soil is light with much gravel and sand and is suited only for grazing purposes. The surface is rolling and hilly prairie with 'no timber. Marsh grass of good quality is to be had in the few hay marshes in the township. Fresh water is scarce and is found only in the few small marshes which occur. No creeks nor water-powers occur. The climate is moderate with light frosts at the time of survey — October. No fuel, stone quarries nor minerals were found. Antelope was the only game seen. — J. L. R. Parsons, D.L.S., 1907. Range 11. 47. This township is reached from township 49, range 12, by travelling south to an old trail called the Carlton trail, running southeast to township 47, range 11. This trail is not much travelled in the eastern part, although it is in good condition. Settlers have travelled to this township without any trail from the west for timber, which they cut on section 31. One of my party went to town for supplies by going west across country to Meeting lake postoffice, which is situated on township 47, range 13, and from there following a new trail until he struck the road leading from town to township 49, range 12. The soil is generally a layer of six to twelve inches of sandy loam over a sandy clay subsoil, well adapted for farming, but if hay were more plentiful it would be a good country for ranching, with its numerous valleys and sloughs giving an abundance of water. Gravel and stones are found on every section, but as this is one of the features of the surrounding country the set- tlers seem to be quite satisfied with their lot. The surface is hilly and in places very broken, in fact, it is one of the most hilly townships which I have survey for a few years. Slopes rising to one hundred feet are frequent, but there are very few coulees with sides steep enough to be an obstacle to travel. From an elevation situated on the southwest quarter of section 16 we had a view of the country for ten 282 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Range 11 — Continued. miles all round except where the sight was blocked by the hill situated on the north boundary of section 10. The north part of the township, especially the northeast, is covered with poplar of fair proportions. On section 31 there was a fine grove of spruce, now cut for the most part by the settlers. It was one of the few places where spruce was found in this township. In fact, there is not a great amount of commercial timber in this section and it would be safe to preserve the timber on sections 33, 34 and 35 for the use of settlers. Besides a mile and a half in the north containing a certain amount of timber the township is a succession of patches of open prairie, extents of scrubby prairie and areas covered with willow brush and scattered bluffs of poplar from four to eight inches in diameter. The largest space of open prairie is situated partly in sections 28 and 21, encroaching towards the east of sections 22 and 27. But although the remainder of the township is not all prairie the bush can easily be cleared, and there exists actually on every quarter section enough of open land to give plenty of farming land to a new settler. Hay is not plentiful. Although the place is within the reach of settlers none have come this way for hay, they seem to prefer going north. However, around the edges of the numerous sloughs existing here there is a fair quantity of hay in some places suffi- cient to save a good crop. Water is good all over. There are no water-powers, and fuel is not plentiful, except in the north part. No stone quarries nor minerals exist. Duck "and prairie chicken were the only game seen, although quite a few tracks of moose and deer were observed. — Geo. P. Roy, D.L.S., 1907. Range IS. 11, A good trail from Swift Current affords easy and convenient access to this township. The soil is chiefly loam with clay subsoil making good farm land when not too rough for cultivation. The surface is chiefly open prairie, more than half of the township being very rough. There is no timber except in sections 11, 14 and 23 where there are clumps of willow along Russell creek. The only hay obtainable is a light growth on the uplands. Russell creek traverses the township from northwest to southeast. It has a rapid flow of excellent water which seems to be permanent in this township, but soon after leaving it, becomes entirely absorbed in the lower flats beyond. The width of the creek varies from five to thirty links and the depth from six to eighteen inches. The climate is good and summer frosts do not appear to do any damage, but the precipitation of moisture is light. A small quantity of brush along the creek affords a meagre supply of fuel, but there is no other source of supply nearer than Swift Current. There are no stone quarries or minerals of economic value. The only kinds of game seen were a few antelope and duck. This township is iwell adapted for ranching purposes fully half of it being too rough for cultivation. The only settlers are the Russell brothers who occupy section 23 and have a small ranch.— Geo. Edwards, D.L.S., 1906. 12. A good trail from Swift Current affords access to this township. The soil is chiefly sandy loam with hard clay subsoil, and is well adapted for farming. The surface is open prairie, with no timber of any kind. There are no areas of good hay. Water is scarce and can be obtained only by digging wells. The usual rainfall is light, summer frosts are not frequent, while other climatic conditions are favourable. There is no fuel in this locality and coal would have to be obtained from Swift Current. There are no stone quarries and no minerals of economic value. A few antelope were the only game seen. There are no settlers in this township at present. —Geo. Edwards, D.L.S., 1906. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRUNCH 283 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Range 12 — Continued. 49. The route to this township runs west from North Battleford fourteen miles, thence northwest to this township. The first part is an old well-beaten trail extending about twenty-five miles from the town. From there it is merely a track of recent date, made by the settlers, but is in good condition. The soil is sandy loam from six to ten inches deep, suitable for farming. The surface along the north and east boundaries of section 7 is hilly, with a hill about two hundred feet high along the south bouudary. The remainder is gently rolling throughout. Except section 6 and a small part of section 7 the township is all bush, mostly heavy bush especially in the northern part. The timber is poplar from eight to fifteen inches in diameter with scattered spruce along the lakes and sloughs, and also some birch. There are a few hay sloughs on the south part of sections 5 and 6 and on section 10, but hay is scarce elsewhere. The water is good wherever found, in the streams and sloughs as well as hi two large lakes, Meeting lake on the south and Deserter lake in the north- west corner. These two fine lakes abound with pike. The climate is the same as that of Battleford. We had frost in the beginning of August. Wood the only fuel, is plentiful. Although stones are found on every section there are no quarries nor minerals in the township. There were plenty ducks in Meeting lake, but other game seems to be scarce. — Geo. P. Boy, D.L.8., 1907. Range IS. 10. A good trail from Swift Current affords convenient means of access to this township. The soil is chiefly a heavy stiff clay overlaid in most places with loam from four to twelve inches deep. The surface is open prairie with no timber of any kind. There is some good hay land on sections 1, 2 and 3. A creek enters this township in section 18 and leaves it on the south boundary of section 2. It contains good water and has a rapid current. Its average width is about twenty links and its depth twelve to eighteen inches. A small creek from the north enters it near the southeast corner of section 18. There are no other creeks of any account. The climate is good, although the average rainfall is light. Summer frosts do not seem to prevail. No fuel supply is available nearer than Swift Current. There are no stone quarries nor minerals of economic value. The only kind of game noticed was antelope. There are no settlers here at present. Part of the land is suitable for cultivation, but it is on the whole better adapted for grazing. — Geo. Edwards, D.L.S., 1906. 11. A good trail from Swift Current affords means of easy access to this township. The surface is prairie without any timber. There are no hay meadows. A small creek crosses sections 35 and 36. It has good water and a rapid permanent current. In the northern part of the township there are three small creeks with good water but there is little or no flow in dry weather. The average fall of rain or snow appears to be light. Summer frosts are not frequent while other climatic conditions are favourable. Fuel is not obtainable here, the nearest source of supply being Swift Current. There are no stone quarries or minerals of economic value. No game was seen except a few antelope. There are no settlers in the township at pre- sent, but it will doubtless be taken up in the near future as about half of it is good for general farming. — Geo. Edwards, D.L.S., 1906. 49. This township can be reached either by the trail running northeast nearly direct from Battleford to township 49, range 14 and thence west, or from the road leading to township 49, range 12 which strikes near the southeast corner of this township. Most of the trails are only tracks followed by settlers. The soil is mostly 284 DEPARTUEXT OF THE 1XTERI0R 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Range IS1 — Continued. a layer of eight to ten inches of sandy loam over a sandy clay subsoil, well adapted for farming. The surface of this township is rolling covered in the south part with scattered bunches of poplar, willow brush and scrub with generally a good piece of scrubby or open prairie in every section, which makes the settling of this part very easy. The middle part is more wooded and the northern sections contain heavy tim- ber and thick bush with few openings. Except around the lakes, where there are some spruce, the timber is poplar of very little value except as fuel. There is a cer- tain quantity of hay in the township especially on section 5 but the settlers near by had to go north for most of the hay they required for the winter. There are a large number of sloughs and lakes in this township, the most remarkable being a large and deep lake on sections 2S and 27, and Deserter lake in the northeast corner. Pike are plentiful in these lakes. Water is good wherever found. The climate appears to be good although we had slight frosts in the latter part of July. The available fuel is wood and the supply is plentiful especially in the north part. There are no water-powers in this township, no stone quarries nor minerals of any kind. Game consists of chicken and numerous duck. — Geo. P. Roy, D.L.S., 1907. Range lit. 49. We reached this township by the graded road running due north from North Battleford for a distance of fifteen miles, and thence by following an old trail called the Buffalo lake trail for the remainder of the distance. Mostly all through the soil is a coat of sandy loam six to ten inches deop over a sandy clay subsoil, altogether suitable for farming. The surface is rolling covered with a growth of scrub, willow brush, bluffs of poplar four to ten inches in diameter, and also patches of open and scrubby prairie. There is no spruce nor any kind of commer- cial timber. The only wood is a small quantity of poplar. The densest wood is found in the northeast corner of the township. There are a few hay sloughs, the largest covering nearly half of section 24. Poplar is the only fuel rerdi'y :v.ilab,e, but it will not last long after the country is settled. There are no water-powers, stone quar- ries nor minerals of any kind. Game appears to be scarce. The climate is the same as in Battleford.— Geo. P. Roy. D.L.S., 1907. 50. Ths township can be reached by the trail running northerly from Battleford to township 49, range 14, where it crosses on section 33 what is called the Buffalo lake trail, coming also from this town. This trail enters into the township by cross- ing the south boundary of section 3 and leaves! it on the east boundary of section 13. The soil is mostly a coat of sandy loam, six to ten inches deep over a sandy clay subsoil well adapted for farming. The soil in this township is better than in any of the other townships forming part of my contract. The surface is rolling and covered with a succession of patches of open prairie, scubby prairie which a good fire would clear, and large spaces containing small poplar, wil- lows and scattered bluffs of poplar. There are no spruce groves, the only wood of the kind being on the shores of the lake situated, on the east boundary of sections 25 and 36. It is on these two sections also where the heaviest and densest timber is seen, penetrating from there into sections 26 and 35. There is also quite an amount of fairly large poplar on sections 13 and 24, and large extents covered with it on the other sections, but these extents are intersected with spaces of prairie, scrub, small willows and small poplar. There are hay sloughs on every section, but the largest ones are situated on section 3 and sections 23 and 24. The hay in those sloughs was cut this year by settlers from the south. The water is good everywhere TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRUNCH 285 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Bange H — Continued. in the sloughs and the lakes. The climate is the same as in Battleford. The only kind of fuel known is wood and the supply, especially in the south part of the town- ship, cannot last long if not carefully looked after. We saw no stone quarries nor minerals of any kind. Plenty of duck, some prairie chicken, and a couple of scared deer constituted the game that we saw here, but this part of the country has the reputation of being a very good game country. — Geo. P. Boy, D.L.S., 1907. 51. The southern part of this township is reached by following the graded road fifteen miles due north from North Battleford and the Buffalo lake trail running northeast to township 49, range 1-t, through which it runs nearly north until it reaches section 33 where we left it to go into township 50, range 14; across this last township we travelled to township 51, range 14, on a trail of our own. The northern part can be reached by a trail which crosses it diagonally on sections 30, 31 and 32. I was in- formed that this trail comes from Jackfish lake but I could not acertain where it leads after leaving township 52, range 14, along the east outline of which it runs for three miles. It is in good order. The surface is rolling covered in the southwestern part with patches of light scrub, willow brush and scattered bluffs of small poplar. Brush and bush thickened gradually going northeast until on sections 35, 36. 24 and 25 we met a dense wood of poplar, spruce and jackpine six to eighteen inches in diameter. There is, however, no extent of commercial timber of any consequence, poplar being nearly the only kind all over. However, near the centre of section 24 we saw two groves of fine spruce ten to twenty inches in diameter, each about three or four acres in area. The soil is a coat of sandy or black loam six to twelve inches deep over a sandy clay subsoil; gravel being found in some parts. Although the soil is light it is well suited for fanning. Hay is found along the edges of the large sloughs and in some of the smaller ones, but there is no great quantity of s'ough hay. Water is good all over the township in the sloughs and the lakes. There are no streams and consequently no water-falls. The only fuel available is poplar and there is sufficient of it for many years to come. There are no stone quarries nor minerals of any kind. We saw no game during the survey, except a few duck. The climate is the same as that of Battleford.— Geo. P. Boy, D.L.S., 1907. 52. We reached this township by opening a trail of our own which leads from the Buffalo lake trail in township 49, range 14, through townships 50 and 51, range 14, to the wagon trail crossing the south sections of this township. I was informed that this wagon trail came from North Battleford through the Jackfish Lake settlement. It enters township 51, range 14, on section 30, leaving it in section 32, then runs nearly west across sections 5, 4, 3 and 2, northeast across section 1 and part of 12, then along the outline in and out of the township until it leaves it on section 24. I followed it to the base line, which it crosses in a northeasterly direction on the south boundary of the east half of section 32. It is a good wagon trail. The soil is a coat of sandy or black loam over a clay or sandy clay subsoil and the surface is rolling. Along the east boundary of section 36 the country is covered with a thick growth of poplar eight to ten inches in diameter to a coulee about fifty feet deep at the northeast cor- ner of section 25. Along the east boundary of sections 25 and part of 24 there is a thick growth of two-inch poplar and small brush followed by pop'ar six to ten inches in diameter. From the stream crossing on section 24 to the end of this meridian, the bush is thick poplar with some jackpine and spruce. It grows in size until on the east boundary of section 1, we found spruce from ten to eighteen inches in diameter, and poplar eight to fifteen inches in diameter. We found no hay sloughs a'ong this line. The water is good in the small streams whi ?h crosses the line. There were no 286 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Range Ik — Continued. water-powers in this township. Wood is the only fuel available. There is a quantity of it all over the township. We saw no stone quarries, nor minerals of any kind. Game was scarce. This climate is the same as that of Battleford. — Geo. P. Roy, D.L.S., 1907. Range 15. 49. This township is reached without any difficulty from the Battleford-Birch Lake trail which passes through township 49, range 16, being from one-half to three miles west of the line between the ranges. The trail is a good one and, although there are two creeks to be crossed, makes the township easily accessible. The soil throughout the township is more or less uniform, consisting of two to three inches of black loam over a subsoil varying from sandy clay to clay, with gravel in some places. Stones and boulders occur to a small extent. Except the southwestern corner of the township the surface is hilly, being much broken by coulees. The northern and western por- tions of the township are covered with scrub poplar and willow and the western por- tion with clumps of poplar varying in diameter from four to eight inches. The southeastern portion is more open, although more or less scrub occurs. While no large hay sloughs occur hay could be cut from around nearly all the small lakes or ponds throughout the township. Grass is abundant and of good quality. Several ponds, marshes and small lakes occur in the northern and central portions of the township. Losthorse creek rises in section 25 and flows generally southwest leaving the township in section 4. This with the exception of a small creek in section 5 constitutes the only outlet. Losthorse creek varies from ten to twenty-five feet in width, and from two to four feet in depth with a current averaging about two and a half miles per hour. The water throughout the township is excellent and the supply is permanent. No water-power is available. Besides some marshes adjacent to the creek no land would be flooded. General climatic conditions were favourable, but frosts occur early in the year. Fuel, consisting of poplar, is abundant. No coal or lignite veins economically valuable, minerals or stone in place were discovered. Sand-hill crane, duck of various kinds and prairie chicken were common. Indica- tions of moose and deer were noticed although no large game was seen. — H. S. Holcroft, D.L.S., 1907. 50. The old Carlton-Begina trail crosses the northeastern portion of this township entering section 24 and leaving near the northeast corner of section 34. This trail joins the Battleford-Birch lake trail in township 51, range 15. From Battleford the township is easily reached by the trail to Birch lake which passes within half a mile of the southwest corner and enters section 31 near the northwest corner of the town- ship. Both of these trails are in good condition and make the township easily acces- sible. The soil is rather uniform, varying from two to eight inches of black or sandy loam with a subsoil varying from clay to sandy clay. Stones and gravel occur slightly, but are by no means troublesome. The surface is generally gently rolling, but the northeast corner is rather heavy. The surface is covered with scrub poplar, an . willow throughout, while all but the southeast portion is covered with a more or less heavy growth of poplar, ranging from five to twelve inches and averaging about six inches in diameter. Several hay sloughs occur, notably in sections 34, 27, 29, 20 and 17. Grass is abundant. Excellent water occurs thoughout the township. Seve- ral small lakes and treams making the supply permanent. Outside of the sloughs and marshes mentioned no land is liable to flooding. No water-powers exist. Stone in the shape of boulders suitable for building purposes, occurs to a small extent, but TOPOGRAPHICAL SVRTETS B1UNCH 287 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Range IB — Continued. no stone in place or minerals of economic value iwere discovered. Fuel is abundant, consisting of dry psplar. The general climatic indications were favourable but summer frosts are more or less frequent. Trades of moose and deer were common, although no animals were actually seen. Duck, a few geese, sand-hill cranes and some few chicken were noticed. — 3. S. Rolcroft, D.L.S., 1907. 51. The trail from Battleford to Birch lake enters this township through sec- tions 6, Y, 1Y and 20. In section 20 it branches, one branch going westerly around Birch lake, and the other going easterly, passing through sections 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25. These trails are moderately good and make the township easily accessible. By trail the south end of this township is about fifty miles northerly from the town of North Battleford. The soil is a light covering of black loam from about two to six inches deep on a topi soil of sandy loam or clay loam with usually a subsoil of clay or clay loam. This soil should produce excellent crops of the usual products of tho soil in this province. Fraetically the whole of the surface is covered with a growth of varying density of scrub poplar and willow. Sections 1 to 12, inclusive, and sec- tions 1Y, 18, 19 and 30 are more lightly covered than the remainder of the town- ship. Bluffs of poplar and balm of Gilead from three to ten inches in diameter occur frequently in the above mentioned sections. The whole of the northeastern portion is densely covered with scrub, moderate sized poplar and balm of Gilead. Some small open spaces occur in sections 1, 2, 3, 10, 11 and 12. An occasional small spruce was seen in the eastern part of the township. The surface is nearly level in the western portion, rolling in the middle and somewhat hilly in the eastern portion. A small amount of hay could be cut around some sloughs in the southwestern portion of the township. The rest of the township contains very little hay except very small amounts around the edges of very small sloughs scattered throughout the town- ship. A large hay meadow occurs on the boundary between sections 12 and 13. Birch lake occupies a great portion of the northern part of the township. This lake presents a very rough outline, having several large points extending out into the lake and several deep bays extending into the land. In sections 30, 29 and 20 the shores are not well defined, being marshy. Several small lakes and sloughs occur throughout the township. Broughton lake in sections 13, 14 and 24 is a long and very narrow lake lying between high banks. Though very narrow, averaging only about one-eighth of a mile in width, it is very deep and contains a large quantityof fish. Birch lake is very plentifully stocked with pike and pickerel, and I believe white- fish also. All the water is fresh and is sufficient and permanent. No power could be generated from falls or rapids. A heavy frost occurred on the 12th of August, but apparently did no harm. This season was very wet and somewhat cold, but the climatic conditions seemed in general to be favourable. Fuel, in the shape of poplar and balm of Gilead, is plentiful throughout all the township. No coal or lignite veins were seen. Boulders and stones occur in small numbers on the surface. Throughout the township no stone in place or any economically valuable minerals were encountered. Game is rather scarce, a few duck and an occasional prairie chicken were seen, also some traces of deer, bear and muskrat. Badger, coyotes and gophers were scarce. — H. 8. Holcroft, D.L.S., 1907. 52. The western portion of this township is reached without any considerable difficulty by the trail from Battleford to Birch lake, a branch of which passes round the west of Birch lake, entering the township in section Y. Another branch of the same trail enters the township in section 18. In wet weather both these trails are very difficult to travel, as the first follows the west and north shores of Birch lake, while the other passes in close proximity to the southern shore of Long lake, the 288 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERWR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Range 15 — Continued. shores of both lakes in these places being marshy. The soil throughout the township is very uniform and in most places of first class quality, consisting of from two to ten inches of black or sandy loam with a subsoil varying from sandy clay to clay. Pebbles and stones occur but seldom, and never in such quantities as to hinder agri- cultural operations. The surface is gently rolling, there being two general slopes, one towards the northwest drains into Long lake, while the other, comprising prac- tically all the township, drains into Birch lake. Spruce is found scattered all over the township and around Birch lake. While much of the larger timber, especially that adjacent to Birch lake has been cut, there still remains a considerable quantity of good limber, averaging about twelve inches in diameter, although some trees thirty inches in diameter were noticed. A few tamarack occur in the northeastern portion of the township. Poplar and balm of Gilead occur uniformly throughout the town- s-hip, having a maximum diameter of about fifteen inches and averaging about eight inches. Jackpine in small quantities occur on nearly all the ridges in the central and northern part of the township, having a maximum diameter of twenty-two inches, but averaging about ten inches. Some poplar and willow occur all over the township. The marshes along the north shore of Birch lake and all around the shores of Long lake would supply an immense quantity of fine hay, especially sections 17 and 20, although in a wet season much of this would be difficult to cut. A few meadows scattered throughout the township would slightly augment the supply of hay. The water throughout the township is excellent, due, no doubt, to the fact that the moss and marshes form excellent reservoirs, keeping the creeks full of pure cold water. Several of these flow south into Birch lake. This lake occupies practically all of the southern two tiers of sections and extends also into township 52, range 16. The water is good. The shore presents a very broken appearance and is generally ill- defined, being marshy for the most part and often separated from a lagoon or marsh by a thin fringe of boulders. Long lake, which occupies practically all of sections 19, 30, 31 and parts of sections 29 and 32, is a fine sheet of clear, cold water, ex- tending far to the north. A small lake occurs on the east outline in sections 24 and 25. A few small lakes and sloughs scattered throughout the township still fur- ther increase the water supply. No water-powers occur. Although the summer of 1907 was extraordinarily wet the general climatic indications were favourable, the nights being cool and the days moderately warm. Frosts occurred on August 1st and 2nd, but apparently no harm resulted. Fuel is plentiful throughout the town- ship. No coal, lignite or minerals of economic importance were discovered. 'Stone suitable for building purposes in the shape of boulders and irregular pieces of rock occur in several places on the shores of Birch lake, but no stone in place exists. Game, while not abundant, is frequently found. A moose cow and calf were seen on Birch lake. Several varieties of duck, a few ruffed grouse, some pelican, sand- hill crane and rnuskrat were noticed. Traces of deer and bear were observed. Both Long and Brick lakes contain an immense quantity of fish including pike, pickerel, sucker and whitefish.— E. S. Eolcroft, D.L.S., 1907. Range 16. 8. The route to reach this township is by trail from Swift Current. This trail runs south to township 10, range 14, from which point we went in a southwesterly direction to the northeast corner of the township. It is a good hard road most of the way. The soil is for the most part about six in :hcs of clay loam with a c'ay subsoil and is suitable for grazing being covered with good gra-s. The whole township is prairie with a little scrub along a small creek in s Ction 35. The surface i< mostly TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 289 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Range 16 — Continued- rolling but in some places quite hilly. The water is goad and many springs appear in the hills but none large enough to be utilized for water-power. The climate is good. There is scattered stone suitable for building but no indication of other minerals of economic value. The wild animals found were antelope, coyote, badger and gopher.— ^7. Waldron, D.L.S., 1907. 52. The township is reached without difficulty by means of the Battleford-Birch Lake trail, which enters the township from the southeast in section 2. The soil con- sists of from three to seven inches of black loam with a subsoil varying from sandy clay to sandy loam. Stones and small boulders occur in several parts, but are not of sufficient size or quantity to hinder agricultural operations. The south rn part of the township is covered with clumps of poplar and willow serub but towards Birch lake, which lies in the southeastern part of the township, these became more dense and much heavier. To the east and north of Midnight lake which occupies a large por- tion of the western part of the township some spruce and a few tamarack occur. Although much of this has already been cut there are perhaps fifty or sixty thousand feet of lumber still standing, the trees considered averaging eight inches in diameter. Between Midnight lake and Long lake, which occupies the northeast corner of the township, the country is gently rolling and covered with poplar and balm of Gilead averaging six inches in diameter, and dense scrub and underbrush. Thus, except the southern part, the township is heavily wooded and fuel, consequently, abundant. Excellent hay meadows occur in the south and, in fact, grass is everywhere abundant. A large hay slough occurs to the west of long lake. The southwestern part of the township is level the remainder being gently rolling. Three large lakes enter the township on the west. Midnight lake occupies nearly all of sections 7, 18, 19, 30, 17, 20, 29, 28, 21 and 22. The water while slightly brackish is not at all bod. Several streams enter the lake, the largest, formed by the union of creeks from Birch and Long lakes, is about ten feet wide, and from two to four feet deep with a current of two miles per hour. Long lake lies in the northeast occupying sections 36, 25 and 24. The water is clear and the shores sandy. Birch lake, although a very large body of water, occupies only sections 1 and 12 of this township. The water is good although not so clear as that of Long lake, the shores being more marshy. No water-power exists. The days are warm and the nights are cool but so far (July) no summer frosts have occurred. No coal or lignite is known to occur, nor was any stone in place found. While deer, bear and moose undoubtedly exist, the only game seen con- sisted of duck which were exceedingly abundant. The lakes, especially Birch and Long lakes, contain an abundance of fish. The two southern tiers of sections are re- served for Indian lands and are exceedingly well adapted for ranching or for far- ming. Several itinerant bands of Indians of a rather fine type were met with around the lakes. One rancher has done considerable work to the south of Midnight lake and reports it as an ideal ranching district, the stock finding ample shelter amongst the dense clumps of scrub, and hay being everywhere abundant. — H. S. Uolcroft, D.L.S., 1907. Range 17. 8. The route to reach this township is by trail from Swift Current to township 10, range 14. From here we travelled in a southwesterly direction to township 8, range 16, and then west to range 17. The soil varies from a sandy to a clay loam of about six inches with a gravelly or clay subsoil. The whole surface is rolling, open, prairie, no timber of any kind being found, and is very suitable for grazing. A few sections in the northern part of the township are suitable for farming. There are no 25b— 19 290 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Range 17 — Continued. kirge hay meadows but good hay could be cut on the high ground. There is plenty of fresh water in small sloughs and in springs that rise in the southeast and north- west parts of the township. There are no water-powers. The climate is good, only n few frosts occurring even in the early part of October. The nearest fuel is about twenty miles west in the Cypress hills. There is some surface stone, but no minerals appear. Antelope, coyote, badger and gopher are plentiful. — J. Waidron, D.L.8., 1907. Range 18. 8. This township is most easily reached by a trail running south from Gull lake to some settlers' homes in township 9, range 19. From here it is good travelling across the open prairie into township 8, range 18. This trail is good at all seasons of the year. The soil is mostly eight inches of light loam with a clay subsoil, and 13 suitable for farming or grazing purposes. The eastern part of the township is quite rolling while the western part is quite smooth and is very good farming land. Cirass is abundant everywhere. There is no timber and the nearest fuel is in tho west side of township 8, range 20. Water is not very plentiful on the surface in autumn but where obtained it i9 fresh. No water-powers occur. The climate is good. Some stone can be had in the southern part of the township but there are no indications of minerals. Antelope, badger, coyote and gopher are plentiful. — J. Waidron, D.L.S., 1907. Range 19. 8. This township is best reached by a trail from Swift Current which enters the township at the northwest corner. It is hard and passable at all seasons of the year. The soil is mostly a sandy loam with a clay subsoil, and is suitable for agricultural purposes. The surface is mostly level except in the south where it becomes more broken. No wood is found in the township but it is to be had in the west side of range 20 of the same township. There is also a little wood in a coulee south of this township. Hay can be had anywhere in the township and in large quantities in the central part. Fresh water is plentiful in Rock creek which passes through the town- ship from one to two miles from the east boundary. Sloughs are not plentiful but there are two lakes with water only slightly alkaline. No water-power is available. The climate is good. In the south there are a few scattered stones and some indi- cations of soft coal which is plentiful, and has been mined in the township to the south. No other minerals of economic value appear. Game is not plentiful although some antelope were seen. Coyote, gopher and badger are numerous. — J. Waidron, D.L.S., 1907. Range SO. 8. This township is reached by a trail from Gull lake which enters the northeast coiner of the township. The soil varies from sandy loam to clay and gumbo with clay subsoil. The surface is fairly level in the eastern and southeastern parts of the township. The central and southern part is broken by Swiftcurrent creek. On the west side are the Cypress hills, at the foot of which is Jones creek, a branch of Swiftcurrent creek. Between the creeks is a level bench of good prairie. The level part of the township is suitable for farming while the sections through which the creeks pass is especially suitable for ranching. Hay can be had in quite large quanti- ties on the level sections. Fresh water is plentiful in the creeks, and several springs occur in hills along the creeks. The flats along the creeks could be made quite fertile by irrigation and some work has been done along that line by some of the settlers. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRiANCH 291 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Range 20 — Continued. There are no water-powers available. Wood is found only on the western side of the township in the coulees, and some indications of coal appear in the Cypress hills in section 18. The timber is principally poplar and willow with some spruce and is very suitable for fuel and building purposes. Scattered stone is present in the broken parts, but no minerals besides coal appear. The only animals seen were coyote, badger, gopher and a few prairie chicken. — J. Waldron, D.L.8., 1907. Range 21. 8. This township is best reached by a surveyed trail from Maple creek which enters the township on the west side in section 18. The soil is mostly clay loam with a clay subsoil. The surface is rolling in the west while th? central and eastern part is hilly The township is open prairie except the coulees on the eastern side. These are generally wooded with poplar and willow, while a few good spruce occur. The timber is suitable for fuel or building purpos?s. The whole township has abundance of grass and is especially well suited for grazing1. Fresh water is to be found in several small lakes and in the coulees on the eastern side. Swiftcurrent creek rises in section 10 and flows south nearly parallel to the east side of sections 10 and 3. No waterfalls occur but the creek has sufficient fall to be used for irrigation pur- poses with good results. The climate seemed good but suggests the possibility of early frosts because of its high altitude. Scattered stone is plentiful. A very soft coal appears in section 13 but seems charred. No other minerals appear. Prairie chicken, coyote and badger were the only animals seen. — J. Waldron, D.L.S., 1907. Range 27. 51. The surface of the township is from rolling to hilly. It is dotted all over with bluffs of noplar, many sloughs and patches of marsh. Four larg3 lakes occur in the following sections, one in 14, one in 26 and 27, one in 31, and one in 32. The lakes in sections 14 and in 26 and 27 are much smaller than they were at the time of the original survey. These lakes have no outlet and rise nnd fall in wet and dry season the same as sloughs. The lakes in sections 31 and 32 have not changed much. They have an outlet are fed by springs and do not vary much in height. Big Gully, a permanent spring creek, flows out of the lake in section 32 through sections 32, 28, 30, 20, 17, 16, 9, 3 and 2. From section 29 it runs into 30 is there joined by a branch from the west and passes through a marsh from 30 to 29. From section 29 it runs through a valley from three-quarters to half a mile wide, formed by banks from one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet high. The stream passes through several stretches of muskeg, where it has no channel. The water in most of the sloughs is good, in the lakes in sections 31 and 32 and in the creek it is excellent. A limited quantity of building logs, fencing and fuel is found on every section. The soil is mostly a good sand loam with odd patches of clay loam on sandy and clay subsoils. It is generally second class. The southwest corner is the best part of the township. Hay is not very plentiful but a considerable quantity can be cut around slouahs and in the valley of the creek The trail from Lloydminster to Hewitt landing and Onion lake runs through sections 6, 7, 8, 17, 20, 21, 28 and 33. The creek is bridged where the trail crosses. A number of settlers have homesteaded and are making good progress. Northminster postoffice is on the northeast quarter of section 18. No stone is found other than scattered field stones around several sloughs and lakes and along the creek. There is no water-power that would be permanent. No minerals of economic value are found. Game is limited to badger, coyote, skunks, muskrat, prairie chicken, duck and geese, none of which were plentiful. The weather during the sur- 25b— 19| 292 DEPAR1 !//.\7 OF 1 HE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Range 27 — Continued. vey (October) was exceptionally fine. General appearance indicate a section of country that is supplied with a good deal of rain. Vegetation is excellent and water is good while the soil is rich and fuel plentiful. These conditions make it well adapted for mixed farming where stock raising would be the principal object. Horses, cattle, or hogs would do well, and if properly cared for the chances of failure with either would be slight.— Wm. R. Reilly, D.L.S., 1907. 52. The surface is rolling to hilly, most hill slopes being gradual and capable of tillage. There are many lakes and sloughs, the majority in the south half of the township. The water in all these water areas is fresh and much lower than at the time of the original survey. The lakes on the north boundary of section 9 and in the northeast quarter of section 8 have dried up very much. The lakes in sections 5 and 6 are fed by springs and have not changed much, the water in these is extra good. Small poplar bluffs and clumps of willow are dotted all over the township, the popular is small but affords a limited supply of fencing and firewood. On sections 6 and 7, south of the lake in 15, and south of the lake in 12, are belts of poplar with timber large enough for log buildings. The soil is mostly of fair quality being sand and clay loams on clay and sand subsoils. Hay of good quality can be cut around nearly all sloughs and lakes but no great quantity in any one place. This is not a grain district but it is well adapted for dairying, cattle and other stock raising in connection with general farming. A number of settlers have recently taken up home- steads and are making improvements. A trail from Lloydminster to Hewitt landing and Onion lake runs northeasterly through the township from section 4 to section 3G. There is very little stone, no minerals of economic value, and no water-powers. Game is scarce, and is limited to badger, coyote, skunks, muskrat, gopher, prairie chicken, duck and geese. The weather during the survey was extra fine for the season of the year. Grain crops in this district were damaged by frost owing to the back- ward spring and late sowing. — Wm. R. Reilly, D.L.S., 1907. 53. Saskatchewan river enters this township in the north half of section 24 and leaves it in the north half of section 1 crossing the township in almost a straight line. Two large wooded islands are formed in the river one in sections 19 and 20 about three-quarters of a mile long, and one on sections 20 and 17 about half a mile long. The south bank of the river is very rough. A mile from the west boundary it extends back a mile in broken steeps rising to a height of over four hundred feet. It gradu- ally falls towards the east to about two hundred feet above the river in section 1. The north bank is not so rough, it extends back about half a mile, rising to an average height of about two hundred feet. South of the river is very rolling or hilly. A number of lakes and sloughs are scattered over this part but are apparently much smaller than at the time of original survey. Bluffs and stretches of willow and poplar of small growth are thinly scattered over the upland and down the river bank. North of the river is a rolling bluff country, which gradually rises to the north. The most of the northeast quarter of the township is nearly covered with scrub poplar, odd clumps of spruce six to fifteen inches in diameter, small patches of tamarack six to ten inches in diameter and heavy willow, poplar, alder and other underbrush. Alternate bluffs of poplar, patches of willow and poplar scrub, and large prairie open- ings occur on the remainder of the tract north of the river. Over this whole area a number of sloughs and lakes are scattered. Large lakes cover a portion of the following sections west half sections 14 ,35 and 36, northeast quarter 33, northwest quarters 31, 21 and 22. Water in this lake is strongly alkaline. Water in the majority of sloughs and lakes is good. The soil is mostly sandy loam of fair quality but the northeast corner of the township is very light. A considerable quantity of hay can TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 293 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE THIRD MERIDIAN. Range 27 — Continued. be cut in the northwest quarter of the township and a limited amount in other parts. The township is good grazing ground and well adapted for stock raising. Only a very few quarter sections are fit for farming but many small patches can be cultivated. General conditions show a temperate summer climate, with plenty of rain to produce excellent grass. The autumn was exceptionally fine; the river was not frozen over for safe crossing until November 25. A Hudson's Bay company's reserve covers the most of sections 12 and 13. The telegraph line from Battleford to Onion lake crosses sections 25 and 35. The trail from Lloydminster to Onion lake, via Hewitt landing, passes through the west half of sections 1, 12 and 13 and sections 24, 23, 26, 27, 28, 33 and 32. Hewitt landing postoffice and ferry, is on the northeast quarter of section 1, The postoffice and ferry takes the place of Fort Pitt which has been abandoned. There are no minerals or stone other than field and river boulders and no water- powers except what might be developed in any township on the river. Game was fairly plentiful, badger, coyote, muskrat, skunk, prairie chicken and ducks were often noticed. North of the river a few jumping deer were seen, also tracks of lynx, bear, mink and fox. — Wm. R. Reilly, D.L.8., 1907. 54. This is a fractional township composed of the south halves of sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. It is similar in appearance to the north part of township 53, range 27, being rolling to hilly, bluff country with sloughs, lakes, swamps and prairie openings. A large swamp runs through the south part of sections 1 and 2. The telegraph line to Onion lake crosses the west half of section 2. The trail from Hewitt Landing to Onion lake crosses section 5. Odd clumps of spruce and tamarack six to twelve inches in diameter occur in sections 1 and 2, and poplar in bluffs four to ten inches in diameter on every section. The soil is sandy loam. No minerals, stone quarries or water-powers occur. Game seen was coyotes, badgers, skunks, muskrats, prairie chickens and ducks.— Wm. R. Reilly, D.L.8., 1907. Range 28. 54. This is a small fractional township, composed of the east three-fourths of the south half of section one. The surface is rolling to hilly prairie, with small bluffs of poplar and odd sloughs. A small lake cuts the northwest corner. The soil is sandy loam. Thore are no minerals, stone quarries or water-powers. No game was seen. — Wm. R. Reilly, D.L.8., 1907. TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THF. FOURTH MERIDIAN. Range 6. 4. (Part.) — This township is reached by a trail leading from Medicine Hat to Milk river entering on section 35, and crossing it in a southwesterly direction. The soil is composed mostly of a light loam underlain by a clay subsoil and suitable for grazing purposes. A good crop of natural hay can be procured from a number of small marshes scattered throughout the township, and in order to increase the crop an irrigation ditch collecting the waters of a few small water-courses, was constructed by a ranching firm. The surface is that of a slightly rolling prairie dotted here and there with sage brush. The small streams flowing in this locality have not a per- manent flow and at the time of the survey, water could be obtained only from pools in one of them, and at rare intervals along its course, but a permanent supply can be obtained at a few feet from the surface by sinking wells. The water is free from 294 DEPARTMENT OF THE 1XTERI0R 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWXSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN' Range 6 — Continued. alkali. No water-powers, stone quarries nor traces of minerals of economic value are known to occur in this township. The survey operations in this part were carried on towards the end of November during which time the weather was of course cold and wintry. This region receives the beneficient effects of the Chinook winds. No timber exists in this township. Coal for fuel can be procured at a distance of about twelve miles in an easterly direction. The only existing game is prairie chicken, but at the present they are very scarce. — Louis E. Fontaine, D.L.S., 1907. 27. This township may be reached by following a good graded road south from Lloydminster for about thirty-two miles along the fourth meridian, crossing Battle river about thirty miles south of Lloydminster, thence by a fairly goid trail to the east side of Sounding lake where there is a small detachment of mounted police, thence along the valley and on the west side of Sounding creek crossing a branch of said creek coming in from the west about fifteen miles from the lake, thence over open rolling prairie to the township. The soil is generally heavy clay but on the higher ridges and hills there is gravel and stones. The surface is rolling prairie and is quite hilly on the east side of the township. There are only a few small hay marshes although there is considerable low flat land but it is alkaline with short grass and weeds not suitable for hay. The two lakes in this township are alkaline and were nearly dried up at the time of survey. There is. a spring of good cold water in the northeast corner of section 2 at the head of an alkaline flat which extends across section 3. This flat has the appearance of being covered with water in the spring of the year but was perfectly dry at the time of survey (September) and could be driven over anywhere with the wagons. The only game seen was antelope. There are no water-powers, minerals or stone quarries. — David Beatty, D.L.S-, 1907. 28. This township may be reached by following a good graded road from Lloyd- minster south along the fourth meridian for about thirty-two miles crossing Battle river about thirty miles from Lloydminster, thence by a fairly good trail to the east side of Sounding lake where there is a small detachment of mounted police, thence along the valley and on the west side of Sounding creek for about fifteen miles where I left the valley, thence over rolling prairie to the township. The soil in this town- ship is mostly clay without any black soil on top and may be ranked third class. The surface is open rolling prairie with a few small patches of small poplar not large enough for fuel. The nearest good fuel is in the valley of a branch of Sounding creek coming in from the west about thirty miles distant. There is a large flat or lake (in the early part of the season) on sections 3, 4, 9 and 10. There was a little water in a few places at the time of survey but the horses could not reach it on ac- count of wet ground and I was obliged to draw water from Sounding creek in town- ship 30 for the horses and camp use. There was nothing but weeds growing on the driest part of this flat and I surveyed it as a lake. I found no good water in the township. There are no water-powers, minerals or stone quarries. The only game I saw was antelope. — David Beatty, D.L.S., 1907. 29. This township may be reached by following a good graded road south from Lloydminster for about thirty-two miles along the fourth meridian, tnence by a fairly good trail to the east side of Sounding lake where there is a small detachment of mounted police, thence up the valley and on the west side of Sounding creek for about fifteen miles, crossing a branch of said creek coming in from the west, thence out of the valley and over rolling prairie to the township. The soil is generally heavy clay without any black soil on top and may be ranked as third class. The surface is rolling prairie without any timber, the nearest firewood is in the valley of the creek TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRtANCH . 295 •SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAS Range 6 — Continued. crossed on the route from Sounding lake. The water is alkaline and is also very scarce, as the small sloughs dry up in midsummer There is very little hay land in the township. There are no water-powers, mineral or stone quarries. A few duck was the only game seen.— David Beatty, D.L.S., 1907. 30. This township may be reached by following a graded road south from Lloyd- minister along the fourth meridian for about thirty-two miles, crossing Battle river at thirty miles south of Lloydminster, thence by a fairly good trail to the east side of Sounding lake where there is a small detachment of mounted police, thence fallowing the valley and on the west side of Sounding creek for about fifteen miles crossing a branch of said creek coming in from the west, thence over rolling prairie to the township. The soil of this township is generally heavy clay without any black soil on top and may be ranked as third class. The surface is rolling prairie with neither wood nor scrub. The nearest wood is in the valley of a branch of Sounding creek about fifteen miles distant. There are a few bunches of willow along Sounding creek which crosses the southern part of the township. There is very little hay land in the township. The only fresh water is that of Sounding creek. There are no v. fcter-powers or falls although small water-powers may be created by building dams across Sounding creek between the high banks. I saw no indications of coal, miieral or stone quarries. The only game I saw was antelope and duck, the latter bt ing very plentiful on Sounding creek. — David Beatty, D.L.8., 1907. 31. This township may be reached by following a good graded road south from Lloydminster along the fourth meridian for about thirty-two miles, crossing Battle river about thirty miles from Lloydminster, thence by a fairly good trail to the east t-idt of Sounding lake where there is a small detachment of mounted police, thence along the valley and on the west side of Sounding creek for fifteen miles, thence leaving the valley and over rolling prairie to the township. The soil is generally hej vy clay without any black soil on top and may be ranked third class. The surface is slightly rolling prairie. There is no wood in the township, the nearest fuel is in the valley of a branch of Sounding creek coming in from the west and about twelve miles distant. I found enough fresh water in small sloughs for camp purposes but h'ter in the season the sloughs were all dry. There is very little hay land in the township. There are no water-powers, minerals, or stone quarries. Duck was the only game seen in the township. — David Beatty, D.L.S., 1907. Range 7. 27. This township may be reached by following a good graded road south from Lloydminster along the fourth meridian for about thirty-two miles, crossing Battle Tiver about thirty miles from Lloydminster thence by a fairly good trail to the east side of Sounding lake where there is a small detachment of mounted police, thence along the valley and west side of Sounding creek for about fifteen miles, thence leaving the valley and over rolling prairie to the township. The soil in this township is principally clay without any black soil on top The surface is rolling prairie without timber or scrub and the nearest fuel that I know of is in the valley of a branch of Sounding creek coming in from the west about thirty miles distant. There are three alkaline lakes in the township on sections 3, 10, 9, 14 and 15. The only water I found fit for use was in a spring on the northeast quarter of section 9 near a lake on said section. There is very little hay land in the township, and no water-powers, min- erals or stone quarries. The only game seen was antelope and ducks. — David Beatty, D.L.8., 1907. 296 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN Range 7 — Continued. 28. This township may be reached by following a good graded road south from Lkydminster along the fourth meridian about thirty-two miles, crossing Battle river about thirty miles south of Lloydminster, thence by a fairly good trail to the east side of Sounding lake where there is a small detachment of mounted police, thence along the valley of Sounding creek about fifteen miles, thence leaving the valley and over rolling prairie to this township. The soil of this township is general- ly clay without any black soil on top and may be ranked as third class. The surface J3 rolling prairie without any timber or scrub. The nearest fuel that I know of is in the valley of a branch of Sounding creek coming in from the west about twenty- five miles distant. There is very little hay land in the township. I found no water, and was obliged to draw it from the south side of township 27, range 7, for my horses niid camp use. There are no minerals or stone quarries. The only game seen was antelope. — David Beatty, D.L.S., 1907. Range 8. 1 and 2. The best route for reaching this locality is by way of the police trail from Coutts, a station on the railway owned by the Alberta Eailway and Irrigation company, in township i, range 15. This trail leads directly to these townships and at the time of my visit (August) was in good condition. The soil on the uplands is generally a hard clay with a few patches that appear to be loamy, while in the valleys it is a clay or sandy loam very fertile but limited in quantity. The surface is very much broken by Milk river valley and by coulees leading into it, thus rend- ering travelling through these townships a rather difficult task. The only timber is in the valleys and coulees, and consists of willow and cottonwood of no great quan- tity or value. Hay was cut last summer in townships 1, ranges 8 and 9, in a number of places that had been fenced to keep stock away, but it was very short, averaging from six to eight inches. The only water of consequence is Milk river. It is fresh, but during the summer months becomes very low, and I am informed has at times ceased to run entirely. The bottom lands in the valley are liable to be flooded the extent and depth of the flooding depending entirely upon the season. There are no water-powers in this township. The climate is said to be equable with occasional summer frosts, but frequent and violent winds prevail through the entire locality. Both coal and wood are used for fuel in this township. They may be procured along the river and in several of the large coulees. Coal was dug by our party in section 36, township 1, range 9, and I was informed that in section 34 or 35, township 1, range 8, a vein had been opened by the settlers. Veins of weathered lignite were observed in several of the coulees in these townships, which would seem to indicate a very large supply of coal in this locality. There is an abundance of sandstone in the coulees. The harder varieties, which are easily obtained, make very good build- ing material. No minerals of economic value were found by us in these townships. Coyotes, badgers, rattle snakes and a few prairie chickens were the only varieties of game noticed. There are several settlers and ranchers in these townships, and the Pend. d'Oreille Northwest Mounted Police post is situated on Milk river in town- ship 2, range 8.— A. H. Hawkins, D.L.S., 1907. 3 and 4. The best route for reaching this locality is by way of the police trail from Coutts, a station on the railway owned by the Alberta Railway and Irrigation company, and situated in township 1, range 15. This trail leads directly past these townships, and at the time of my visit (August) was in good condition. The soil is a hard clay, but in places appears to be loamy. I think it is probably best adapted for cattle or sheep raising, except in the bottom lands of the Pend d'Oreille TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 297 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OP THE FOURTH MERIDIAN Range S — Continued. coulee, where the soil seemed to he a very fertile clay loam, and where at the time of my survey there was a thick growth of blue-joint grass. This land would prob- ably raise very excellent crops of hay or grain if cultivated, but the great drought to which this country is subject renders farming difficult. The surface is rolling prairie broken by Pend. d'Oreille coulee and the coulees entering it in the southern portion of township 3. No timber of any kind was seen in these townships. Hay might be cut in the coulees, but at the time of my visit thousands of cattle made the place a rendezvous. No water was crossed by the lines which I was directed to retrace in these townships. No water-powers, stone quarries or minerals of economic value were found in these townships. The fuel most easily obtained is coal, which may be dug in several of the coulees to the south of Milk river, although a small amount of wood along the river, chiefly small willows and cottonwood, is available for fuel on the river. The climate is said to be equable with occasional summer frosts, but frequent very high winds prevail throughout this locality. Coyotes, badgers, rattlesnakes and a few prairie chickens were the only varieties of game noticed.— A. H. Hawkins, D.L.S., 1907. Range 9. 1 and 2. The best route for reaching this locality is by way of the police trail from Coutts, a station on the railway owned by the Alberta Railway and Irrigation Com- pany, in township 1, range 15. This trail leads directly to these townships and at the time of my visit (August) was in good condition. The soil on the uplands is generally a hard clay with a few patches that appear to be loamy, while in the valleys it is a clay or sandy loam very fertile but limited in quantity. The surface is very much broken by Milk river valley and by coulees leading into it, thus rendering travelling through these townships a rather difficult task. The only timber is in the valleys and coulees, and consists of willow and cottonwood of no great quantity or value. Hay was cut last summer in townships 1, ranges 8 and 9, in a number of places that had been fenced to keep stock away but it was very short, averaging from six to eight inches. The only water of consequence is Milk river. It is fresh but during the summer months becomes very low and I am informed has at times ceased to run en- tirely. The bottom lands in the valley are liable to be flooded, the extent and depth of the flooding depending entirely upon the season. There are no water powers in this township. The climate is said to be equable with occasional summer frosts, but frequent and violent winds prevail through the entire locality. Both coal and wood are used for fuel in this township. They may be procured along the river in several of the large coulees. Coal was dug by our party in section 36, township 1, range 9, and I was informed that in section 34 or 35 township 1, range 8, a vein had been opened by the settlers. Veins of weathered lignite were observed in several of the coulees in these townships which would seem to indicate a very-large supply of coal in this locality. There is an abundance of sandstone in the coulees. The harder varieties which are easily obtained, make very good building material. No minerals of economic value were found by us in these townships. Coyotes, badgers, rattlesnakes and a few prairie chickens were the only varieties of game noticed. There are several settlers and ranchers in these townships, and the Pend. d'Oreille Northwest Mounted Police post is situated on Milk river in town- ship 2, range 8.— A. H. Hawkins, D.L.S., 1907. 3 & 4. The best route for reaching this locality is by way of the police trail from Coutts, a station on the railway owned by the Alberta Railway and Irrigation Company, and situated in township 1, range 15. This trail leads directly past these 298 DEPARTS! EST OF THE 1XTERI0R .■ „. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN i Range 9 — Continued. townships and at the time of my visit (August) was in good condition. The soil is a hard clay but in places appears to be loamy. I think it is probably best adapted for cattle or sheep raising, except in the bottom lands of the Pend. d'Oreille coulee, where the soil seems to be a very fertile clay loam, and where, at the time of my survey, there was a thick growth of blue-joint grass. This land would probably raise very excellent crops of hay or grain if cultivated, but the great drought to which this country is subject renders farming difficult. The surface is rolling prairie broken by Pend. d'Oreille coulee and the coulees entering it in the southern portion of town- ship 3. No timber of any kind was seen in these townships. Hay might be cut in the coulees but at the time of my visit thousands of cattle made the place a rendezvous. No water was crossed by the lines which I was directed to retrace in these townships. No water-powers, stone quarries or minerals of economic value were found in these townships. The fuel most easily obtained is coal which may be dug in several of the coulees to the south of Milk river although a small amount of wood along the river chiefly small willow and cottonwood, is available for fuel on the river. The climate is said to be equable with occasional summer frosts but frequent very high winds prevail throughout this locality. Coyotes, badgers, rattlesnakes and a few prairie chickens were the only varieties of game noticed. — A. H. Hawkins, D.L.S., 1907. 60. This township is easily reached from St. Paul de Metis by the old Onion lake and Lac la Biche trail which crosses the southwest corner of the township, also by a less used trail branching off from the former trail and traversing sections 3, 10, 15, 14, 23, 26 and 35. The township is fairly well watered by creeks but there are few sloughs with the exception of those in sections 23, 22, 26, 34 and 35. Telling creek runs across the township from west to east. It averages six feet wide and one foot deep and contains excellent water. Wood is generally plentiful except in Yelling Creek valley. The timber is chiefly poplar from two to eight inches in diameter. There is also a ridge of excellent building jackpine and some spruce and tamarack in sections 10, 11, 14 and 15. No mineral of economic value was found. Moose, caribou, bears and other fur bearing animals and ducks are plentiful, but there are very few chickens and no fish. The soil is excellent being a rich black loam fourteen inches in depth with a clay subsoil. The growth of p?avine and grass is most luxuriant, and upland and slough hay could be cut in great quantities. The township is ex- cellently adapted tor mixed farming or stock raising. Early frosts are rare. — M. W. Hopkins, D.L.S., 1906. Ranges 10 and 11. 1. The best route for reaching this locality is by way of the police trail from Coutts. a station on the railway owned by the Alberta Railway and Irrigation Com- pany in township 1, range 15. This trail leads directly past these townships and at the time of my visit (August) was in very good condition. The soil is a hard clay, in places appearing to be loamy, and is, I think, best adapted for cattle or sheep rais- ing. In the ravines the soil appears to be more fertile, and is a sindy or clay loam. The surface is very rolling prairie and is cut by several deep coulees or gulches, three of which are Bear creek, Breed creek and Miners' gulch, all leading from the Sweet grass hills to Milk river. Neither timber nor hay lands were found in this township. Water at the season in which I visited this locality was all supplied by springs which are fresh and good. I understand, however, that all three coulees carry considerable streams during the spring. There are no water-powers in this township. The climate is equable, and although summer frosts have been experienced they are not frequent. Violent winds, however, prevail here at all sasons of the year. Coal and wood are TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAXCR 299 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN Ranges 10 and 11 — Continued. both used for fuel. Coal is generally obtained from the vicinity of Gold Butte, a small town in the state of Montana, some twelve miles south of the international bound- ary. Wood is obtained in the Sweetgrass hills south of the boundary. No stone quarries or minerals of economic value were found. Several settlers have located along the south boundary of these townships, on the bottom lands and appear to be making a living. Two of them have small irrigation systems fed chiefly from springs. —A. H. Hawkins, D.L.8., 1907. Range 12. 1. The easiest route for reaching this township is by a very good trail following the international boundary from Coutts, a station on the railway owned by the Al- berta Railway and Irrigation Company, and distant about twenty-five miles. The soil is a clay or sandy loam, with patches of gravel and clay, but owing to the very dry seasons is probably best adapted for cattle or sheep raising. The surface is rolling prairie traversed by Milk river along the north boundary, and cut by several large and deep coulees running north and south, while several spurs from the Sweetgrass hills project into this township. There is neither timber nor scrub, except what is found in the valley of Milk river and in the larger coulees where occasionally a thick bunch of willow scrub, a clump of poplars or cotton wood, is met with. There are no hay- lands in this township. The only water of consequence is in Milk river which flows through the northern portion of the township. The water is fresh, but during the summer months the river is very low, and I was credibly informed that it had on seve- ral occasions entirely ceased to flow. I understand that the bottom lands of the valley are flooded during the spring freshets. There are no water-powers in this township. The climate during the summer months is warm and dry and is said to be equable throughout the year with occasional summer frosts, but this district is subject at all times to violent winds. Coal and wood are both used as fuel by the settlers. A small quantity of wood, chiefly dried willow brush, may be obtained in placss along Milk river and in some of the coulees. Coal is procured from Coutts, but traces of it were observed on coulees crossed by the east boundary of sections 31 and 32, and it would require but little development to make it available. No minerals of economic value were observed, but sandstone may be obtained along the valley of Milk river, and in the larger coulees. It is easily procured and seems to be very good building material. Coyotes, foxes, badgers, a few beaver along Milk river and prairie chicken were the only varieties of game noticed. There are several settlers along the valley of Milk river.— A. H. Hawkins, D.L.S., 1906. 7. The surface is principally an undulating and level prairie. Chin coulee, about one hundred and fifty feet deep, cuts across the southwest corner of the town- ship. In and along the sides of this coulee a great many surface stones are found. The water of the lake in this coulej is about ten inches deep and suitable only for cattle. The soil is principally clay loam with a mixture of sand and a stiff clay subsoil. The grass is not very strong in this township, possibly due to successive prairie fires. There are no hay lands of any value, no timber, no quarries and no indications of coal or other minerals within the township. — C. A. Mag rath, D.L.S., 1907. 8. This township varies from level to gently rolling prairie. Surface water, the result of some recent heavy rains, was available in a few small sloughs. Some surface stones are to be seen in the eastern portion of the township. The soil consists of a 300 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OP THE FOURTH MERIDIAN Range 12 — Continued. • ly and clay loam with a clay subsoil and supports a fair growth of grass. There r.re no hay lands of any value, no timber, no quarries and no indications of coal or ctber minerals within the township.- — C. A. Magrath, D.L.S., 1907. Range IS. 2. The best road to reach this township is along the very excellent trail used by the Royal Northwest Mounted Police officers from Coutts, a station on the railroad owned by the Alberta railway and Irrigation company, in township 1, range 15 and distant about ten miles. The soil is a clay or sandy loam with patches of clay and gravel, but owing to the very dry seasons this locality is probably best adapted for sheep or cattle raising. The surface is rolling prairie, the southwestern portion being traversed by Milk river. The only timber found is in the valley of this river consisting chiefly of willow, cottonwood and poplar in very limited quantities. There were no hay lands observed in this township. The only water of consequence is Milk river, the water of which is fresh. During the summer months it is very low and has ceased to flow on several occasions. The bottom lands along the valley are subject to flooding during the spring freshets, the depth varying with the season. There are no available water-powers. The climate is equable with occasionally a summer frost but this entire locality is subject to very strong winds. Coal is the fuel most readily available and may be procured at Coutts. A small quantity of wood is found on Milk river, consisting chiefly of small dry willows. Sandstone in unlimited quantities may be obtained on Milk river and is of sufficiently good quality to be used as building material. No minerals of economic value were noticed. Coyotes, foxes, badgers, a few beavers and prairie chicken were the only game seen in this township. There are two settlers in the township, both of whom devote their atten- tion to raising cattle and horses rather than farming. — A. H. Hawkins1, D.L.S., 1906. 8. The surface of this township varies from level to gently rolling prairie. Some depressions or coulees occur in the southern portion of the township and surface stones are found in some of these coulees. The soil is a clay and sandy loam and has a depth of from 8 to 12 inches. There is a fair growth of grass in the township. Water, from recent heavy rains, was available in some small sloughs. There are no hay lands of any value, no timber, no quarries and no indications of coal or other minerals within the township. — 0. A. Magrath, D.L.S., 1907. 65. The township is crossed from section 3 to section 31 by the public road going to Lac la Biche. The soil consists of a layer of black loam averaging five to six inches with a subsoil of clay or sandy clay, with stones in several places. The soil of about one-half of the quarter sections is first class, while that of a great part of the rest is second class. The township is fairly good for farming. It is well timbered, except a strip that extends from section 31 to section 1 consisting of open spots, or brush and small poplar. The timber is mostly poplar. In places cottonwood and birch are met with. Spruce and tamarack are seen only in small bunches, on more than one-third of the section lines, especially in the north and west of the township. The open spots seen in sections 29, 30, 31 and 32 give a limited supply of prairie hay. Slough hay is cut mostly around Hay lake. All the hay cut in the township will not amount to more than a few hundreds of tons. The water in the lakes is not fit to drink. That of Little Beaver creek is good. This creek traverses section 31. It nearly ran dry in the summer of 1906. Lacroix lake could be used to generate water- power in the spring, but in dry summers very little water flows out of it. The climate appears to be a little colder than that of Edmonton, although the winter of 1906-1907 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRUNCH 301 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN Range 18 — Continued. was somewhat milder here than in many parts of Alberta. Dry wood is the most readily available fuel, as no coal is known to exist in the township. No stone quarries nor minerals were observed. Moose were plentiful during the winter of 1906-1907 in the western part of the township. Lynx, coyotes and foxes are found in the town- ship.—Raoul Rinfret, D.L.S., 1906. 66. The township is crossed by the public road going to Lac la Biche, which goes through sections 6, 7, 18, 30 and 31. The soil consists of a layer of black loam, aver- aging about four inches, with a subsoil of sandy clay, and sandy clay and stones in several cases. The soil of over one-half of the sections is second class. Although there are some good homesteads to be found in the township, I do not consider that it is good for farming, speaking generally. The township is well timbered, except the south- west portion, where there are open spots. The timber consists of poplar, there being but little spruce. The southeasterly part of the township is heavily rolling, and the remainder ordinarily rolling. There is some fine spruce in section 13, and in a couple of islands in sections 22 and 27. The spruce met with in the rest of the township is only in small bunches south of Beaver lake. There is not much hay cut. The only hay areas are in sections 3 and 4, the amount cut probably not exceeding fifty tons The water of Beaver lake is very good, the outlet of which is called ' Little Beaver.' Although high in the spring it gets very low in dry summers. Beaver lake could be used to generate water-power. The lake is said to be some ten miles long and a dam built at the outlet would store a great quantity of water. The climate would be a littfe colder than that of Edmonton, although the winter of 1906-1907 was somewhat milder than in many parts of Alberta. Dry wood is the most readily available fuel as there is no coal found in the township. No stone quarries nor minerals occur. Duck are plentiful on the lakes of this township. Lynx, coyote and fox are not uncommon. Raoul Rinfret, D.L.S., 1906. Range 11^. 1. The best route for reaching this township is by a very good trail following the international boundary from Coutts, a station on the railway owned by the Alberta Railway and Irrigation Company, situated in township 1, range 15, and distant six or seven miles. The soil is clay or sandy loam with patches of gravel and clay, but owing to the very dry seasons it is probably best adapted for cattle or sheep raising. The surface is rolling prairie and the southeast portion is broken by a roeky spur from the Sweetgrass hills. There is neither timber nor scrub in any portion of the township. There are no hay lands and there was very little water at the time of my survey (September). The climate is equable, but occasionally summer frosts are experienced and this locality is subject at all times to violent winds. Coal is the fuel most easily procured and may be obtained at Coutts. No traces of it were noticed in this town- ship. There are no stone quarries and no minerals of economic value. A few coyote, badger and foxes were the only varieties of game seen. No settlers have yet located in this township, although on several occasions inquiries were made as to when it was to be subdivided.— A. E. Hawkins, D.L.S., 1907. 2. The best road to reach this township is along the very excellent trail used by the Royal Northwest Mounted Police officers from Coutts, a station on the railroad owned by the Alberta Railway and Irrigation Company in township 1, range 15, and distant about ten miles. The soil is a clay or sandy loam with patches of clay and gravel, but owing to the very dry seasons this locality is probably best adapted for sheep or cattle raising. The surface is rolling prairie, the southwestern portion being 302 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OP THE FOURTH MERIDIAN Range 14 — Continued. tiaversed by Milk river. The only timber found is in the valley of this river consist- ing chiefly of willow, Cottonwood and poplar in very limited quantities. There was no hay lands observed in this township. The only water of consequence is Milk river, the water of which is fresh. During the summer months it is very low and has ceased to flow on several occasions. The bottom lands along the valley are subject to flooding during the spring freshets, the depth varying with the season. There are no available water-pow«rs. The climate is equable with occasionally a summer frost, but this entire locality is subject to very strong winds. Coal is the fuel most readily available and may be procured at Coutts. A small quantity of wood is found on Milk river, consisting chiefly of small dry willows. Sandstone in unlimited quantities may be obtained on Milk river and is of sufficiently good quality to be used as building material. No minerals of economic value were noticed. Coyote, fox, badger, a few beaver and prairie chicken were the only game seen in this township. There are two settlers in the township, both of whom devote their attention to raising cattle and horses rather than farming. — A. H. Hawkins, D.L.8., 1906. 33. The best route for reaching this township is by a good wagon trail, which runs from Stettler on the Lacombe branch of the Canadian Pacific railway to Hunt's ranch in section 17, township 34, range 15, from there it is ten miles across prairie to the centre of this township. The soil consists of two to six inches of sandy loam with a hard sandy clay or clay subsoil, and should be described as being between second and third class. It is suitable for ranching purposes and to a lesser degree for mixed farming. The surface is generally undulating or rolling prairie, but in the south of this township the surface is rolling or steeply rolling. There is no timber of any description. Small hay meadows are scattered all through the township. Water is rather scarce in this township, there are two permanent lakes one in section 29 being six feet deep and containing fresh water, the other in section 1, being four feet deep and alkaline. There are two small creeks of fresh water running through this township which were almost dry at the time of survey (October), but there were pools of fresh water all along their beds. No water-power can be developed. The climate is similar to the Stettler district, summer frosts being rare. Coal for fuel can be obtained in this township in section 36, there is a small seam about 18 inches thick, where ranchers have already commenced mining it, and in sections 11 and 13 there are out- croppings of a small seam. Wood for fuel is very scarce and the nearest obtainable in any quantity is from the Handbills about thirty miles south. There is no stone or mineral. Antelope in small numbers is the only kind of game. — R. H. Gautley, D.L.S., 1907. 34. The best route for reaching this township is by a good wagon trail which runs from Stettler on the Lacombe branch of the Canadian Pacific railway to Hunts' ranch in section 17, township 34, range 15, from there it is twelve miles across prairie round the south end of Sullivan lake, to the centre of this township. The soil con- sists of three to four inches of sandy loam with a hard sandy clay or clay subsoil and should be described as being between second and third class. It is suitable for ranch- ing purposes and to a lesser degree for mixed farming. The surface is undulating prairie. There is no timber of any description. Small hay meadows are scattered all through the township. Sullivan lake, which takes up one-third of this township, is very shallow in most places, and the water is slightly alkaine and very muddy, a great quantity of a fine whitish clay being held in suspension. Several small fresh water springs flow into the lake in this township and water should be easily obtained by digging wells. No water-power can be developed The climate is similar to the Stettler district, and summer frosts are rare. Coal for fuel can be obtained just south TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRiANCH 303 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN Range H — Continued. of this township, and also in the township just north of it. Probably this township also contains coal. Wood for fuel is very scarce and the nearest obtainable in any quantity is from the Handhil's thirty to thivty-flve miles south. There is no stone or mineral. Antelope in small numbers is the only kind of game. — R. H. Cautley. D.L.S., 1907. 67. The township is reached by the road which follows the south side of Lac la Biche. This road passes through sections 14 and 15. The soil consists of a layer of black loam averaging from five to six inches with a subsoil of clay, sandy clay and in a few cases sandy clay with stones. The soil generally is second class and is fairly good for agriculture. The township is timbered, with a few small open spots in the western part. The timber consists mostly of poplar with patches of fairly large spruce and tamarack. These patches are pretty well scattered throughout the township. Spruce is not found in great quantities. Slough hay can be cut on the west side of Little Egg lake in several places, and some prairie hay in the southwest corner of the township. The water of Little Egg lake is good, but that of the other lakes is likely not fit to drink. The only stream of any importance is the outlet of Little Egg lake. The only water-power that could be obtained would be by damming the outlet of Little Egg lake, which might furnish some power in wet summers. The climate is somewhat colder than that of Edmonton. The most readily available fuel is dry wood. There are no stone quarries nor minerals in this township. There is but little game, as the township is near Lac la Biche settlement. — Raoul Rinfret, D.L.S., 1906. 68. There is no wagon road reaching the township, but there is one to township 6S, range 13. The township can also be reached by crossing Lac la Biche from its t-outh shore, where there is a wagon road. The soil consists of a layer of black loam, averaging six inches, with a subsoil of sand in the eastern part of the township and of clay or sandy clay in the western part. The western half of the township is good for farming. The eastern half consists of a layer of black loam four inches thick with a subsoil of sand, and would not be good for farming. The township is well timbered throughout. There is a large quantity of spruce and jackpine in the noithern part of the township, with bunches of fine spruce of small extent. In the southern part of the township there are bunches of poplar and poplar mixed with spruce. Slough hay can be cut on the shore of Lac la Biche, but only in small quantities. The water in Lac la Biche is very good. There are no streams of importance in the township and conse- quently no water-powers. The climate is somewhat colder than that of Edmonton. The most readily available fuel is dry wood. There are no stone quarries nor min- erals. Lynx, fox and coyote are common. Caribou and moose are likely to be found in the township. — Raoul Rinfret, D.L.8., 1906. Range 15. 29. The route to this township is by trail from Stettler or Gleichen. The trail from Stettler is not so hilly as the other, but both are in good condition. Clay soil, in varying forms of consistency is found throughout. The surface is prairie without any timber. Two-thirds of the township is very hilly, while the balance is rolling. Hand- hills lake covers a considerable part of sections 6, 7, 18 and 19. This lake is in places over fifteen feet deep and was at one time much larger than at present, the level hav- ing fallen fully twenty feet. It has now no outlet, and only some very small creeks flowing into it. The water is very soapy, probably due to the presence of socfa. There are no hay areas of any large extent. The nearest present available fuel supply is about ten miles distant, but it is quite likely coal will be found in this township. 304 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN Range 15 — Continued. Some was found in the pits on the north boundary of section 31. There are no stone quarries or minerals of economic value. Duck, geese and prairie chicken were seen in considerable numbers. The soil produces excellent grass, and there are springs and sloughs where good water is to be had, making this a good location for ranching, but the surface is too rough for agricultural purposes. — Geo. Edwards, D.L.S., 1907. 30. This township is accessible by trail from Stettler or Gleichen, the distance either way being about the same, and the trails being in good condition. The soil is chiefly clay, producing good grass and suitable for ranching purposes. The surface is prairie without any timber. There is some rolling land in the northeast quarter of the township, but fully two-thirds of the area is very hilly. There are no hay sections of any considerable extent. Water is to be found only in a few sloughs. There are no streams. The climate is good. There does not appear to be any special danger from summer frosts. There is no apparent fuel supply in the township. Coal is obtainable in the next adjoining township south. There are no stone quarries or min- erals of economic value. No game was to be seen. The township is suitable for ranching, but too rough for agricultural purposes. — Geo. Edwards, D.L.S., 1907. 33. The best route for reaching this township is by a good wagon trail which runs from Stettler on the Lacombe branch of the Canadian Pacific railway to Hunts' ranch in section 17, township 34, range 15, some three miles across prairie from the north boundary of this township. The soil consists of three to four inches of sandy loam over a hard sandy clay or clay subsoil, and should be described as third class, it is suited only for ranching purposes, as the surface is steeply rolling prairie. There is no timber of any description but a few small hay meadows scattered all through the township. Water is very scarce; a few small fresh water ponds which are liable to dry up in summer are to be found and there are two small springs in the west part of the township. No water-power can be developed. The climate is similar to that in the Stettler district and summer frosts are rare. Coal for fuel can be obtained in the adjoining townships north and east. Wood for fuel is very scarce, the nearest obtain- able in any quantity being from the Hand hills, which are about thirty miles south. There is no stone or mineral. Antelope in small numbers is the only kind of game. — R. H. Cautley, D.L.8., 1907. 34. The best route for reaching this township is by a good wagon trail which runs from Stettler on the Lacombe branch of the Canadian Pacific railway to Hunts' ranch in section 17 of this township, a distance of fifty-five miles roughly. The soil consists of three to six inches of sandy loam over a hard sandy clay or clay subsoil, and should be described as second class in the north part of the township and between second and third class in the south four miles, where it is very rolling. This would make a good ranching locality and the north part is suitable for mixed farming. The north part of the township is undulating and the south four miles is rolling or steeply rolling prairie. There is no timber of any description. Small hay meadows are scattered all through the township. Sullivan lake, which extends the whole length of this township, on the east sides, is very shallow in most places, the water is slightly alkaline and very muddy, a great quantity of fine whitish clay being held in suspen- sion. There is another permanent lake called Hunt lake in sections 22 and 27, which is also alkaline and muddy. Fresh water is rather scarce though there are a few ponds and a large fresh water spring in section 17, which forms a small creek which flows into Hunt lake. No water-power can be developed. The climate is similar to that in Stettler district and summer frosts are rare. Coal for fuel can be obtained in the northeast quarter of section 34 of this township where there is a one foot seam of TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAXCB 305 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN Range 15 — Continued. good lignite coal overlaid by two fe°t of soft brown lignite. Wood for fuel is very scarce, a small amount of dry willow can be obtained around sloughs and ponds. There is no stone or mineral. Antelope in small numbers is the only kind of game. — R. E. Cautley, D.L.S., 1907. 66. There is a road from section 33 connecting with the road going through the settlement of Lac la Biche. The soil is fairly good for agriculture, half the sections being first class soil and the greater part of the rest second class. Nearly one-half of the township is covered by lakes, while the remainder is wooded. Spruce is met with in great quantities in the southern and southwestern parts of the township. There are many places where very big spruce are seen. Fine spruce are also found in the north- east corner of the township. The rest of the timber is mostly poplar. Spots of small poplar and willows are not uncommon. The southern part of the township is well tim- bered with fine spruce. Slough hay can be cut in certain bays of Big Egg lake and south of lake Tremblay. The hay is principally along the northwest end of Big Egg lake. The water of the big lakes is good. There is no stream of importance, except the outlets of Tawakwato and Long lakes. The only water-power which could be developed would be on the outlets of the two last named lakes, by damming up the lakes, although there is very little difference of level, apparently, between Tawakwato and Big Egg lakes. The climate is somewhat colder than that of Edmonton. The most readily available fuel is dry wood, as there is no coal- found in the township. There are no stone quarries, nor minerals known. Moose was very p'entiful in the south and southwest parts of the township. Fresh tracks and poplar with the bark partly eaten were numerous. The only other game was lynx and foxes. — Eaoul Rinfret, D.L.8., 1906. 67. This township is reached by roads coming from Lac la Biche settlement. The soil consists of a layer of black loam averaging seven inches on a subsoil of clay or sandy clay, and in a few cases of sand and stones. The soil of the quarter sections is mostly first or second class and is suitable for agricultural purposes. The township is timbered in the southern part while there are open patches in the northern part. The timber is mostly poplar and willow. Spruce is found only in small patches throughout the township. In many places there is only small poplar. In many open spots several hundred tons of prairie and slough hay is cut every year. The water in the lakes of this township is not fit to drink, except that in Big Egg lake. There are no streams of any consequence nor is there any water-power. The climate is colder than that of Edmonton. Wood is the most readily available fuel, as there is no coal found in the township. There are no stone quarries nor minerals, but lynx and foxes are common, while good fish is abundant in Lac la Birche. — Raoul Rinfret, D.L.S., 1906. 68. The route by which to reach this township is along the road which follows the south side of Lac la Biche and crosses section 7. The whole township consists of about three sections. The soil belongs to classes one and two, being fairly good for agriculture. The surface is timbered, with spruce in section 31 and poplar in the other sections. Some slough hay might be obtained in section 31. — Raoul Rinfret, D.L.8., 1906. Range 16. 29. The route to the township is by trail from Stettler or Gleichen. The distance is about the same either way. The trails are in good condition. The soil is chiefly clay loam with gravel or clay subsoil, and it is well adapted for general farming. 25b— 20 306 DEFARTMEST OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN Range 16 — Continued- Good upland hay covers nearly half the township. Handhills lake takes up about four square miles of the area. This lake lias fallen fully twenty feet within a few yeirs. It formerly was the source of Bullpound creek but there is now no outflow of water. There are a few very small creeks flowing into the lake. The water appears to contain considerable soda, giving it a very soapy appearance and taste. There is a large pool of good water on the east side of the lake, separated from it only by a narrow bar. There are several springs of good water among the hills.' The climate is good, summer frosts do not seem to be prevalent. There is no fuel within the township but coal is obtainable within 15 miles both east and west. There are no stone quarries or minerals of economic value. Geese, duck and prairie chicken were plentiful. This township is at present occupied by eight or ten ranchers none of whom have done anything in the way of agriculture. Fully seventy-five per cent of this township would make good farms.— Geo. Edwards, D.L.S., 1907. 30. This township can be most conveniently reached by trail from Stettler. The trail is in good order. The soil is chiefly clay or clay loam with gravel subsoil, suit- able for general agricultural purposes. The surface is prairie with no timber. There are no large hay meadows, but a considerable portion of the township produces good upland grass which is used for fodder. There are a few small streams and several springs of good water. Bullpound creek traverses this township. It was formerly the outlet of Handhills lake, and a stream of considerable volume, but owing to the level of the lake falling about twenty feet, there is no longer any flow of water from it, and the creek is now merely a chain of pools. The climate is favourable and no special danger of summer frosts. There is coal obtainable near the west boundary of the township in township 30, range 17. There are no stone quarries or minerals of econo- mic value. Duck and prairie chicken were seen. Fully one-half of the township is rolling, or nearly level, and the quality of the soil seems to be excellent for farming purposes. The balance is good grazing land but rather too rough for agricultural purposes. — Geo. Ediuards, D.L.S., 1907. 33. The best route for reaching this township is by a good wagon trail which runs from Stettler on the Laeombe branch of the Canadian Pacific railway to Shell- berg's ranch in section 29, of this township, via the south end of Gough lake, a dis- tance of fifty-three miles, roughly. The soil consists of six to eighteen inches of sandy loam in the west half of the township and of three to six inches of sandy loam in the east half, over a sandy clay or clay subsoil. There is some first class land adjoining Farrell lake and all the west half of the township may be described as second class, and suitable for mixed farming. In the east half of the township the soil is not so good and should be described as being between the second and third class suitable for ranching purposes or to a lesser degree for mixed farming. The surface is gently rolling prairie with no timber of any description. There is a large hay meadow on the east boundary of section 32, where fifty or sixty tons of hay can be cut and there are several small hay meadows scattered through the township. Water is fairly plentiful, being supplied by five large lakes including Farrell lake and two small lakes, all of which except Farrell lake are slightly alkaline. Farrell lake which enters this township in sections 30 and 31 is about eight feet deep and the water is fresh although rather milky in appearance owing to some white salt which is held in sus- pension although cattle like it very much. The other lakes are all shallow and the water is both slightly alkaline and thick owing to some salt in suspension. There are TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAXCH 307 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN Range 16 — Continued. also several freshwater springs near the ec'ges of the lake?. No water-power can be developed. The climate is similar to that of the Stettler district and summer frosts are rare. Coal for fuel is obtainable about ten miles to the south of this township but wood is very scarce, the nearest oltainable in any quantity bsing from the Hand- hills which are about thirty miles south. There is no stone or miner, 1 and no game. —B. E. Cautley, D.L.S., 1907. 34. The best route for reaching this township is by a good wagon trail which runs from Stettler on the Lacombe branch of the Canadian Pacific railway to Spiers' ranch in section 16, of this township via the south end of Gough lake, a distance of fifty miles roughly. The soil consists of two to six inches of sandy loam over a hard sandy clay or clay subsoil. In sections 35 and 36 there is some first class land, the soil being deep and the surface level and there is quite a strip of fairly level prairie on the edge of this township which should be described as second class and suitable for mixed farming, but the largest part of the township is steeply rolling prairie and only suitable for ranching purposes. There is no timber of any djscriptior. Small hay meadows are scattered all through the township. Water is plentiful there being six permanent lakes, three of which are slightly alkaline and th^ others fresh, also there are four large freshwater springs in different parts of the township and numer- ous ponds, some of which are slightly alkaline but most of which are fresh. No water- power can be developed. The climate is similar to that of the Ste'.t'er d'str'ct and summer frosts are rare. Coal for fuel can be obtained in the adjoining township fast but wood for fuel is very scarce, the nearest obtainable in any quantity being from the Handhills which are thirty to thiriy-five miles south. There is no ston? or mineral and no game. — R. H. Cautley, D.L.8., 1907. Range 17. 33. The best route for reaching this township is by a good wagon trail which runs from Stettler on the Lacombe branch of the Canadian Pacific railway to the Handhills and enters this township in section 30 leaving it in section 4. The soil consists of three to six inches of sandy loam over a sandy or sandy clay sub- soil except in the west two miles of the township where the subsoil is more of a gumbo nature. The east part of the township should be described as second class although there is some land adjoining Farrel lake which may be called first class and is suitable for mixed farming, but the west two miles is more suitable for ranching purposes. The surface is gently rolling in character, and there is very little brush except for a narrow strip along the south shore of Farrell lake where there is some small grey willow. There is no timber of any description. There are small hay meadows scattered all through the township and three or four hundred tons of upland hay can be cut in sections 25, 26 and 27, along the edge of Farrell lake. Water is fairly plentiful, there being five permanent lakes, two of which are slightly alkaline and milky in appearance, the others including Farrell lake are fresh water. Farrell lake stretches right across this township from east to west, and aver- ages about three quarters of a mile in width, it is about eight feet deep and the water is fresh although rather milky in appearance owing to some white salt which is held in suspension although cattle like it very much. There are also two spring-fed creeks which run into Farrell lake and which have deep pools of water along their course. No water-power can be developed. The climate is similar to that in the Stettler dis- trict, and summer frosts are rare. Wood for fuel is very scarce, but coal can be obtained about fifteen miles southeast of the township. The-e is no s'one or mineral and no game.— R. H. Cautley, D.L.S., 1907. 25b— 20J 308 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN Range 17 — Continued. 34. The best route for reaching this township is by a good wagon trail which runs from Stettler on the Lacombe branch of the Canadian Pacific railway via the south end of Gough lake and passes through this township, entering it in section 30 and leaving it in section 1. The soil consists of three to six inches of sandy loam over a hard sandy clay or clay subsoil and should be described as second class, except in the south part of the township, where, owing to the hilly nature of the country. it should be described as between second and third class The north four miles of the township are suitable for mixed farming and the south two miles would make good ranching country. The north four miles of this township are gently rolling to rolling prairie, and the south two miles are rolling to steeply rolling prairie and there is considerable grey willow brush around the edges of sloughs and pounds. There is no timber of any description. There are numerous small hay meadows scattered all through the township. The supply of water is abundant, there being thirteen permanent lakes in this township, including part of Farrell lake, all of which are fresh water except No. 3, in which the water is slightly alkaline and very milky in appearance, owing to some white salt held in suspension. Besides these lakes there are numerous fresh water ponds, scattered all through the township. No water-power can be developed. The climate is similar to that in the Stettler district and sum- mer frosts are rare. Wood for fuel is to be found in small quantities around ponds and sloughs, where there is a grey willow from two to three inches in diameter. There are no coal or lignite veins in this vicinity. There is no stone or mineral, and no game in the township. — R. H. Cautley, D.L.8., 1907. Range 18. 29. The best route for reaching this township is either from Gleichen to Percie- ville on the Red Deer river across the government ferry and thence to the township by the trail over the Handbills, or from Stettler to the Imperial ranch in township 33, range 18, and thence across the prairie. Both trails are very good, but the latter obviates the river crossing and the high hills close to the river. The soil is usually a good loam suitable especially for grazing and mixed farming. The surface is open prairie, with no timber nor hay of any value. The water in Michichi and Willow creeks is good, but the supply is limited, both streams drying up in the summer. A few springs on the east boundary give a permanent supply in their immediate locality. There is no water-power available. Some frosts occur in June, July and September. The climate is similar to that of the district north of Gleichen. Coal is found in the surrounding townships east and west, but no coal or lignite was found in this township. There are no stone quarries and no minerals of economic value as far as observed. No game was seen in this township. The dipping station for the district north of Red Deer river is on the east boundary of this township. — C. C. Fairchild, D.L.S., 1907. 30. This township is best reached from Stettler over a good trail via Imperial ranch. The soil is clay with spots of black loam and gumbo suitable for ranching. The surface is prairie with no timber of any value and no hay. The water in Michichi creek is good but the supply is not sufficient as the creek goes dr.y in both branches in a dry season. The lake shown on the east boundary of section 31 is alkaline. There is no water-power available. The climate is rather drier than the surrounding district, and at present subject to summer frosts. No coal was found in the township, but it is easily obtained from Michichi creek to the west or in the Handbills to the southeast. There is no stone quarry in the township and no eeo- TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 30J SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN. Range 18 — Continued. nomic minerals were observed. No game was seen in this township. — C. C. Fair- child, D.L.S., 1907 31. The township is best reached by trail from Stettler over a good trail via Imperial ranch. Tbe soil is chiefly clay and a gumbo suitable for ranching. The surface is open prairie with no timber. About 300 acres of coarse hay is found in the southwest corner on the north boundaries of sections 31 and 32. Water in spring is good, but the creeks are alkaline and run dry in summer. A spring in section 29 is the only permanent supply. There is no water-power in this township. The climate is dry with some summer frosts. There are no coal or lignite veins in the township, but coal is found in Michichi creek to the southwest. No stone quarries or minerals of economic value were observed. No game was seen in this town- ship.—C. 0. Fairchild, D.L.S., 1907. 32. This township is most conveniently reached by trail from Stettler; the trail is good. The soil is chiefly clay and gumbo, and is suitable for ranching. The sur- face is open prairie with no timber. A course hay slough on section 20 contains about one hundred acres. There are no creeks with running water, and no water- powers. The climate is dry with some summer frosts. No coal, lignite, stone quarries or minerals of economic value were observed. No game was seen in this township. There was no water fit for camp use in this township and this survey was made from a camp in township 31, range 18.— C. C. Fairchild, D.L.8., 1907. 33. The best route for reaching this township is by a good wagon trail which runs from Stettler on the Lacombe branch of the Canadian Pacific railway to the Handhills and which passes through sections 35, 36, and 25 of this township. There is also a trail which branches off the above mentioned trail in township 34, range 18, and runs to the Gopher Head ranch in section 32 of this township. The soil con- sists of three to six inches of sand loam over a sandy clay or clay subsoil, and should be described as being between second and third class; part of this township is suit- able for ranching purposes. The country is gently rolling prairie, and there is very little brush except in the extreme westerly part o- the township, where there is some grey willow from two to three inches in diameter. There is no timber of any des- cription. There are small hay meadows scattered all through the township. Water is rather scarce, there being only two permanent lakes, including Farrell lake, which just enters the northeast corner of this township and which is fresh water, the other lake in section 21 is slightly alkaline and rather milky in appearance. There is a spring fed creek which flows through this township into Farrell lake which has pools of water along its course, and there is a good fresh water spring in section 32. No water-power can be developed. The climate is similar to that of the Stettler district, and summer frosts are rare. Wood for fuel can be obtained in small quantities in the west part of this township and the township west of it where there are scattered clumps of gray willow from two to three inches in diameter. There are no lignite veins, coal, stone or mineral, and there is no game. — R. H. Cauthy, D.L.S., 1907. 34. The best route for reaching this township is by a good wagon trail which runs from Stettler on the Lacombe branch of the Canadian Pacific railway to the Hand- hills and which passes through this township, entering it in section 31 and leaving it in section 2. Another branch of this trail, which runs east of Farrell lake, enters this township in section 34 and leaves it in section 25. There is also a good trail running to the Gopher Head ranch, in township 33, range 18, which branches off the first mentioned trail in section 19, and leaves the township in section 5. The soil con=ists 310 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN*. Range 18 — Continued. of from three to nine inches of sandy loam over a sandy clay or clay subsoil, except in the extreme north part of the township where the subsoil is largely gumbo. The land may be described as being between second and third class. Part of this town- ship is suitable for mixed farming and it is all suitable for reaching purposes. The surface is gently rolling to rolling prairie in the south part of the township and level or undulating prairie in the north two miles and there are scattered clumps of gray willow from two to three inches in diameter with small poplar in the south half of the township There is no timb?r of any description, but there are small hay meadows scattered all through the township, and there are large hay marshes in sections 29, 30, 31, and 32, where about seven hundred tons of very poor quality hay can be cut, the hay in these marshes being thin and largely fox-tail. Water is plentiful in the south half of the township where there are numeious ponces, most of which are fresh water. But in the north half of the township water is very scarce. There are two permanent lakes, including a small part of Farrell lake, which is fresh water, the other lake being slightly alkaline and milky in appearance. No water-power can be developed. The climate is similar to that of the Stettler district and summer fro-t* are rare. Wood for fuel can be obtained in small quantities in the south half of this township, where there is some dry willow from two to three inches in diameter. There are no lignite veins, coal, stone or mineral. There is no game. — R. H. Cautfey, D.L. S., 1907. Range 19. 29. This township is most easily reached from Gleichen via Eosebud creek over a good trail. The soil is generally a heavy clay loam suitable for mixed farming. The surface is rolling prairie, but Michichi creek cuts through the township in the bottom of the coulee from one hundred and fifty to two hundred and fifty feet deep. There is considerable scrub and some timber suitable for fencing along the coulee bottom and sides. A considerable quantity of upland hay is cut in the township every year, aggregating to about one thousand ton. The water' in Michichi creek is very good, but it dries up in the summer season, only a few springs being left, which furnish sufficient water the year around. There is no water-power. The clim- ate is rather dry and summer frosts were observed in June and July. Coal is found in the township along Michichi creek in considerable quantities. There are no stone quarries in the township and no economic minerals were observed. A few deer were seen in the creek bottoms and duck in the sloughs.— C C. Fairchild, D.L.S., 1907. 30. This township is most easily reached from Stettler over a good trail. The surface is generally rolling prairie and there is no timber. The soil is clay loam suitable for mixed farming. There is about two hundred acres of slough hay in the township. The water in Michichi creek is fair, being slightly alkaline and the creek dries up in the summer, leaving water in holes only. There is no danger of flood- ing and no water-power. The climate is dry with some summer frost in June and July. Coal is found in abundance in the township south of this, and although none was seen in this township, I think it will be found here also. There are no stone quarries and no economic minerals. A few antelope were seen in this township — 0. 0. Faii child, D.L.8., 1907. 31. This township is best reached from Stettler over a good trail. The soil is clay loam, generally suited for mixed farming, with light sandy soil in the north- western part of the township. There is no timbr of any value and no hay. The water in Michichi creek is very good, but the creek dries up in the summer. The sloughs are alkaline. There is no danger of floods, and no water-power. The clim- TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 311 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN. Range 19 — Continued. ate is rather dry and summer frosts were observed in June and July. Coal is obtainable to the south and west along Red Deer river and Michichi creek. No coal or lignite was found in the township. There are no stone quarries and no economic minerals. A few antelope were seen. — 0. C. Fairchild, D.L.8., 1907. 33. The best route for reaching this township is by a good wagon trail which runs from Stettler on the Lacombe branch of the Canadian Pacific railway to the Gopher Head ranch in section 32, township 33, range 18, one and one-half miles across prairie from the east boundary of this township. The soil consists of from two to six inches of sandy loam over a sandy clay or clay subsoil, and should be described as third class land owing to the hilly nature of the country, except for a few quarter sections in sections 17, 18, 19 and 20, which being fairly level may be called second class. This township is suitable for ranching purposes. The surface is steeply rolling prairie and there are scattered clumps of gray willow from two to three inches in diameter, with some small poplar all through the township. There is no timber of any description, but there are small hay meadows scattered all through the township. Water is plentiful, as there are numerous deep fresh water ponds all through the township, especially in the north half. No water-power can be developed. The climate is similar to that of the Stettler district and summer frosts are rare. Wood for fuel can be obtained in small quantities all through the township. There are no lignite veins, coal, stone or mineral. No game is found. — B. E. Cautley, D.L.8., 1907. 34. Tie best route for reaching this township is by a good wagon trail which runs from Stettler on the Lacombe branch of the Canadian Pacific railway to the Handhills, and which passes through section 30 of township 34, range 18, three- quarters of a mile across prairie from the east boundary of this township. The soil averages from three to six inches of sandy loam, over a sandy clay or clay sub- soil and must be described as third class owing to the hilly nature of the country; it is suitable for ranching purposes. There are a few quarter sections in the north- easterly part of the township which are fairly level and may be called second class, which are suitable for mixed farming. The surface is generally steeply rolling prairie, with scattered clumps of gray willow from two to three inches in diameter and some small poplar. There is no timber of any description, but there are small hay meadows scattered all through the township. Water is plentiful, there being numerous fresh water ponds all through the township. No water-power can be de- veloped. The climate is similar to that of the Stettler district and summer frosts are rare. Wood for fuel can be obtained in small quantities all through the town- ship. There are no lignite veins, coal, stone or mineral. No game is found. — B. H. Cautley, D.L.S., 1907. 66. The pack trail from Athabaska Landing to Lac la Biche crosses this township on sections 30, 29, 28, 27, 26 and 25 and was opened for wagons by me as far as sec- tion 27. It is a good trail though rough in places. Black loam and clay subsoil pre- vails in the twelve northern sections but the southern part of the township is generally covered with swamps and muskeg, though patches of fairly good land are found all through it. It is suitable for mixed farming. The surface is all covered with a growth of spruce, poplar and willow mostly dry. There is no timber of any value. About fifty tons of hay can be cut on the south of sections 4 and 5. There is an ample supply of fresh water from lakes on sections 17, 22, 26, and also from Flat lake on sections 6, 7 and 18. Flat lake creek is a stream about fifty links wide by one foot deep and flows in sections 8, 19, 30 and 31 where it joins Pine creek. No land is liable 312 DEPART.VEXT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Range 19 — Continued. to be flooded. There is no water-power, and no indication of summer frost. Wood as fuel can be obtained on every quarter section. There is no lignite visible in the township. There are no stone quarries, nor minerals of economic value in sight in the township. — Game is scarce. — J. L. Cote, D.L.S., 1907. 67. (East outline). — The soil is very fair along sections 36, 25 and 24. Pine creek crosses the line on section 25 and a lake is struck on section 24 which is about three miles long by one wide. There is a large supply of fresh water but there is no water-power. The climate is good and there is no summer frost. The country is all wooded with poplar and spruce, but there is no timber of any value. There are no stone quarries nor any mineral of value. — J. L. Cote, D.L.8., 1907. 68. (East outline). — Swamps seem to cover a large percentage of this country with the exception of a few ridges of sandy soil. — J. L. Cote, D.L.S., 1907. Range 20. 29. This township is best reached from Gleichen on the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway, via Rosebud creek. The trail is very good except the last ten miles which is very rough. The soil in the river bottom is generally hardpan or sand and unsuitable for farming. On the top of the high bank is a heavy clay loam suitable for mixed farming. The surface is generally prairie with small clumps of timber along each side of Red Deer river and in the bottom of Michichi creek coulees. The timber is Cottonwood averaging about eight inches in diameter but not in sufficient quantities to supply the wants of the settlers. There is no hay in this township. There is plenty of good fresh water in Red Deer river and Michichi creek. Red Deer river averages about five chains in width, three feet in depth with a current of two and one-half miles an hour at low water. Michichi creek for the most part dries up in summer time. There is little danger of flooding. There is no water-power available. One or two frosts were observed in June but the climate is generally good but rather dry. Coal of very good quality is obtainable along the banks of the Red Deer river and Michichi creek, the seams varying from two to six feet in thickness at the surface. There are no stone quarries and no economic minerals were observed Deer, duck, geese, and a few partridges were occasionally seen. The surface of the south half of this township is so badly cut up by Red Deer river, Michichi creek and other ravines averaging two hundred feet in depth with cut banks as to render that portion of the township practically of no value for settlement. — C. C. Fairchild, DJj.S-, 1907. 30. This township is best reached from Stettler over a good trail. The soil is a very tough clay loam suitable for grazing or mixed farming and the surface is prairie with no timber. There are a few small hay sloughs in the central part of the town- ship. Water can be obtained in Michichi creek in the eastern part of the township and one spring in Pox coulee in section 5. The water is fresh but the supply is rather small. There is no danger from flooding and no water-power. The climate is dry with an occasional summer frost. Coal for fuel can be obtained from the township to the south and west along Red Deer river. There are no stone quarries and no economic minerals. No game was seen in this township. — C. C. Fairchild, D.L.S., 1907. 31. This township is best reached from Stettler over a good trail. The south two- ihirds of this township is a tough clay loam suitable for grazing and mixed farming. The balance is very hilly with numerous small sloughs. There is no timber nor hay TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 313 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN. Range 20 — Continued. in the township. Water may be obtained in Michichi creek at the southeast corner and in the various sloughs and small lakes in the northern part, none of which are alkaline. There is no danger of floods and no water-powers. The climate is dry with an occasional summer frost. Coal may be obtained for fuel from the valley of Red Doer river to the west. There are no stone quarries and no economic minerals were observed. No game was seen. — G. G. Fairchild, D.L.S., 1907. 32. This township is best reached from Stettler over a good trail. The soil is a tough clay loam suitable for ranching and mixed farming. There is no timber in the township. Some hay is cut near the west boundary on an area of about one hun- dred acres. Plenty of fresh water is obtainable in the lakes. There is no danger of flooding and no water-power. The climate is dry with .an occasional summer frost. Coal for fuel is obtainable from Red Deer river valley to the west. There are no stone quarries and no economic minerals. A considerable number of duck and geese were seen on the lakes.— 0. 0. Fairchild, D.L.S., 1907. 33. The best route for reaching this township is by a good wagon trail which runs from Stettler on the Lacombe branch of the Canadian Pacific railway, to the Hand hills, via Big Valley creek, and which passes through this township, entering it in section 33 and leaving it in section 1. The soil averages from three to six inches of black loam over a hard clay or sandy subsoil, and may be described as mostly third class and suitable only for ranching purposes, although in the north part of the township there are some fairly level quarter sections, which mny be called second class, and are suitable for mixed farming. The northwest and east parts of this township are steeply rolling prairie, with scttered clumps of gray willow and some small poplar, but the central and southwest parts are fairly level and open prairie. There is no timber of any description but there are small hay meadows scattered all through the township. Fresh water is fairly plentiful in the hilly parts of this township, there being numerous fresh water ponds, but in the level parts the water is alkaline and scarce. Mudspring lake, a large lake in the centre of the township, is about five feet deep and is quite alkaline, the water being very milky. The edge of this lake is very soft and all around the lake are to be found mud- springs from four to fifteen feet in diameter and extending to a considerable depth, which I was not able to ascertain, but it was more than twelve feet. No water-power can be developed. The climate is similar to that of the Stettler district and summer frosts are rare. Wood for fuel is obtainable in small quantities in the northwest and extreme east parts of this township, where there is some dry willow from two to three inches in diameter. There are no lignite veins, coal, stone or mineral. No game is found.— R. H. Cautley, D.L.S., 1907. 65. A fairly good trail crosses the township on sections 18, 17, 9. 3, 2, and 12. About sixty per cent of this township is swampy but the remaining forty per cent has about four inches of black loam with a clay subsoil suitable for mixed farming. The surface is all wooded with poplar, willow and spruce from three, to six inches in diameter. There is no timber of any value. About one hundred tons of hay could be cut on the west side of Flat lake. Flat lake covers about ten sections of this township and Pine creek touches the northwest corner of section 31. This, with several small creeks flowing into Flat lake, gives an ample supply of fresh water. There is no water-power. The climate is good and there is no indication of summer fro?t. Wood for fuel can be obtained on every quarter section but no lignite veins were observed. No mineral of any value was seen in the township. Very little game was seen. Flat 314 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN. Range 20 — Continued. lake creek as the name indicates is rather shallow. It could be dug, being very rapid in some places, and thereby improve a large area of land in this township. — ■/. L. Cote, D.L.S., 1907. 66. The trail from Athabaska Landing to Lac la Biche, crosses this township from the southwest to the northeast corner. About fifty per cent of this township has a black loam soil with clay subsoil and is fit for mixed farming. The balance is spruce swamp. This township is all wooded with poplar, spruce and willow but there is no timber of any value. About one hundred tons of hay can be cut along Pine creek. Flat lake covers about two sections of the southeast corner an 1 Pine creek crosses from the southwest to the northeast corner of this township. Both give a very good supply of fresh water. There is no water-power. Wood as fuel can be obtained on every section but no lignite veins were observed. There are no stone quarries and no minerals of economic value. Game is very scarce. — J. L. Cole, D.L.8., 1907. 67. (East outlines). — Along sections 36, 25, 24 and 13 the soil is a black loam with clay subsoil making it very fair. Sections 12 and 1 are in a large spruce swamp with hard bottom which will be drained some day. — J. L. Cote, D.L.S-, 1907. 68. (East outlines!.) — Swamp and muskegs prevail along this line with an occa- sional ridge which seems to divide them. The land may be classified as third class. — J. L. Cote, D.L.S., 1907. Range 21. 29. This township is reached either from Stettler on the northeast side of Red Deer river or from Gleichen on the southwest side, over good trails. The soil in the river bottom and along Kneehills creek coulee is mostly hardpan and sand. On the high banks the soil is generally a good black loam suitable for mixed farming. The surface is generally prairie with clumps of Cottonwood spruce and poplar along the river banks, in the Kneehills creek and in the ravines adjoining these. The timber averages ten inches in diameter, although there are some trees measuring two feet in diameter in the river bottom; it will all be required by the settlers. Good upland hay can be obtained ou the top of the high banks in large quantities. Plenty of good fresh water is obtainable from Red Deer river and Kneehills creek. A few springs are found in this township. Red Deer river has an average width of about five chains, a depth of three feet and a current of two and one-half miles per ho ir. There is little danger of flooding, and no water-power is available. The climate is dry with occasional summer frosts. Coal is obtainable along the banks of Red Deer river. There are no stone quarries and no economic minerals were observed. A few deer were seen in this township. — G. C. Fairchild, D.L.S., 1907. 30. This township is reached either from Stettler on the east side of Red Deer river, and Carbon on the west side of the river over good trails. The soil in the river bottoms is mostly hardpan and sand with very little growth. On the high banks the soil is generally a good clay loam and black loam suitable for mixed farming. The surface is generally prairie with clumps of cottonwood, poplar and spruce along Red Deer river bottom and in the various ravines. Timber will average ten inches in diameter but the quantity is limited and will all be required for the settlers' use. Good upland hay can be obtained on the top of the high banks of the river in large quantities. Plenty of good fresh water is found in Red Deer river and in Threehills creek on the southwest side. Red Deer river has a width averaging about five chains, TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAVCR 315 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN. Range 21 — Continued. with a depth of three feet and a velocity of about two and one-half mibs per hour. There is little danger of flooding and no water-power is available. Th? climate is fine and dry with occasional summer frosts. Coal is obtainable along the banks of Red Deer river. There are no stone quarries and no economic minerals were ob- served. No game was seen in this township. — 0. 0. Fairchild, D.L.S., 1907. 31. This township may be reached either from Stettler on the east side of Red Deer river and Carbon on the west side of the river over good trails. The soil in the river bottom is mostly hardpan and sand with very little growth. On the h;gh banks the soil is generally a good black loam, suitable for mixed farming. The surface is generally prairie with clumps of Cottonwood, poplar and spruce along Red Deer river bottom and in various ravines. Timber will average ten inches in diameter but the quantity is limited and will all be required for the settlers' use. Geo! upland hay can be obtained on the top of the high banks in large quantities. Plenty of good fresh water was found in Red Deer river, which averages five chains wide, three feet deep and has a velocity of two and one-half miles per hour. There is very little danger of flooding and no water-power is available. The climate is fine and dry with occa- sional summer frost. Coil for fuel is obtainable along the banks of Red Deer river. There are no stone quarries and r.o economic minerals were observed. No game was seen in this township. — C. C. Fairchild, D.L.8., 1907. 65. There is a good trail from Athabaska Landing to the township and the set- tlers have opened trails to reach mostly any point of the township. The soil is chiefly of black loam underlain by a clay subsoil and is suitable for mixed farming. About sixty percent of this township is wooded and about forty per cent is scrub or growing poplar distributed all over the township, but no timber of any value is found. There is about one hunderd tons of hay along Pine creek. This creek is about twenty feet wide, one foot deep and gives an ample supply of fresh water. There is no water-power and none can be develop-d. There is no indication of sum- mer frost and the climate is good. Wood as fuel can be obtained on every section but no lignite veins were observeu. There are no stone quarries and no minerals of economic value. There is very little game. — J. L. Cote, D.L.S., 1907. 67. (East outline). — Along this line about forty per cent is a sandy or stony soil while the balance is divided between lakes, muskegs and swamps. — J. L. Cote, D.L.S., 1907. 68. (East outline). — Athabaska river flows in a northeasterly direction and crosses the line on section 25. The valley is about three hundred feet deep with a comparatively easy incline. The soil along sections 36, 25 and 24 may be classified as second class but along sections 13, 12 and 1 it is generally spruce swamp with some ridges.— J. L. Cote, D.L.S., 1907. Range 22 10 & 11. (Third correction line). — The best route for reaching this portion of these townships is by following the road along the correction line, from Leavings, a station in range 26, on the Calgary and Edmonton branch of the Canadian Pacific railway. At the time of my visit (November) this road was in excellent condition. The soil is either clay or sandy loam and is apparently well adapted for farming as proved by the heavy growth of grass and the excellent crops of grain grown in the vicinity. The surface is rolling prairie with one small coulee cutting the eastern boundary. There is neither timber nor brush in these townships. A large pond of water held by a dam, evidently for watering stock, was noticed in the eastern portion of township 316 DEPARTMEXT OF TEE IMERWR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN. Range 22 — Continued. 10, range 22, but wells ranging in depth from fifteen to forty feet are the source of water supply. There are no water-powers. Hay may be cut in many places, as the natural growth in this locality is very luxuriant. The climate is equable and is not subject to summer frosts, but violent winds prevail throughout the entire district. Coal is the fuel most readily available and may be procured at any of the mines in the vicinity of Lethbridge. What appears to be shale, that was probably contiguous to coal was observed where a well was being dug in section V township 11, range 22, and I was credibly informed that farther north croppings of lignite were found, and that some coal had been taken out by the settlers. There were neither stone quarries, nor minerals of economic value found in these townships. Coyotes, foxes and badgers were the only game noticed. — A. H. Haivkins, D.L.S., 1906. 24. The township is all bare prairie, varying from undulating to rolling. The soil is clay loam with a subsoil of stiff grey clay, mixed with a slight amount of gravel. In some places the banks of the stream average about fifty feet in height and are rather steep. Herbage generally is first class except about one-tenth of the township which is exposed subsoil. — Wm. Pearce, B.L.S., 1907. 66. Athabaska Landing is located in this township on the south bank of Atha- baska river. The provincial government has opened a trail to Lesser Slave lake which crosses on sections 21, 28, 29, and 30, and is in good condition. The soil is very light or swampy and there are only patches of fair land suitable for mixed farming. Fires have burned most of the wood leaving windfall and a few scattered green trees. There is no timber but there is an ample supply of fresh water. Ko water-powers occur. Tbe climate is good with no summer frosts. Fuel can be obtained in every section bu+ no stone quarries nor minerals of any economic value are found. There is very little game.^7. L. Cote, D.L.S., 1907. 67. (East outline). — The country along this line is rather swampy or low. A lake about two miles long and one mile wide touches the line at section 25. There are very fair patches of land. — J. L. Cote, D.L.S., 1907. 68. (East outline). — Athabaska river crosses the line in a northeasterly direction en section 12, in a deep ravine. The 6urface is generally undulating and the soil is fairly good.— J. L. Cote, D.L.S., 1907. Range 23. 60. This township is reached from the Athabaska Landing trail but there is no trail into the township farther than to the northwest corner. The soil is mostly light and stony, and fit only for grazing or farming on a small scale. The northwesterly half is rolling and covered with a thick growth of small poplar and willow with a few small swamps of green spruce to the south, also considerable windfall. There are small lakes of fresh water in sections 18, 19, 30, 31 and 8, but they are all surrounded by muskeg. The southeasterly portion of the township is more level and swampy and is covered with scrub and timber. The most timber is on sections 35 and 36 consist- ing of poplar and spruce six to eighteen inches in diameter. There is no hay in this township except in small sloughs scattered over it but these are more numerous in the southeasterly half. The water is fresh but when the timber is gone it will be scarce as there are very few streams at present. There is no water-power. Wood for fuel is plentiful at present on almost every section. There are no stone quarries and no mirerals of economic value. Xo small game was seen, but tracks of bear and moose were numerous. — Hugh McGrandle, D.L.S., 1907. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 317 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN. Range 28 — Continued. 67. (East out line). — Sections 36 and 25, "24 and 13 are very fair undulating land but the balance is fourth class. 68. (East outline).— Sections 36, 25 and 24, are in a tamarack swamp while sec- tions 13, 12 and 1 are in good rolling second class soil. — J. L. Cote, D.L.S., 1907. Eange 21f. 10. (Third correction line). — The best route for reaching this portion of the township is by following the road along this correction line from Leavings, a station on the Calgary and Edmonton branch of the Canadian Pacific railway in range 26. This road at the time of my visit (November) was in excellent condition. The soil is either a clay or sandy loam and is apparently well adapted for farming, as the heavy growth of grass and the excellent crops of grain grown testify. The sur- face is rolling prairie traversed by Rocky coulee through its western portion. There is neither timber nor brush in that portion of the township which we travelled. There are several springs along Rocky coulee which furnish water to the cattle in this locality, but the water is rather brackish, evidently being strongly charged with mineral salts. The settlers however all have wells ranging in depth from fifteen feet to two hundred feet, which appear to furnish sufficient water. There is no hay in the township nor were any water-powers observed. The climate is equable and so far as I heard is not subject to summer frosts, but frequent and violent winds pre- vail throughout this district. Coal is the fuel most readily available and may be procured generally at one of the mines in the vicinity of Lethbridge or at Leavings. A short tunnel has been driven in Rocky coulee in section 31, evidently prospecting for coal, and the material removed has the appearance of being in clo^e proximity to coal, and I have no doubt but that further developments would reveal a coal bed at no great depth. Wood in small quantities, chiefly willow and cottonwood, can be obtained on Oldman river. There is considerable sandstone in Rocky coulee which would not be difficult to quarry, and would I think make fair building material. No minerals of economic value were found in this township. The only game noticed was a few coyotes and badgers. This township is fairly well settled, at least along the correction line, and the settlers appear to be prospering. — A. H. Hawkins, D.L.S., 1906. 13. This township is reached by a good trail from Clareshohn, a flourishing town on the Calgary and Edmonton extension of the Canadian Pacific railway. The old Blackfoot trail passes through the township, but much of it has been fenced across by the settlers. The soil of the township is a deep sandy loam along Little Bow river, but it becomes heavier at some distance back from the river. The sur- face is rolling prairie entirely devoid of woods or scrub of any description. Hay of good quality can be cut all over the township, although the grass along the river is quite short owing no doubt to the sandy nature of the soil. The northern portion has a permanent supply of good water in the Little Bow. Little or no water-power is available. The climate is that of southern Alberta, generally, with but little danger of summer frosts. Good crops are grown throughout the township. Coal is the fuel used by the settlers and can be obtained from a mine worked within reason- able distance of the township. Outcroppings of stone were noted along the river, but no quarries are in operation. No minerals of economic value were seen. Game is very scarce. — W. T. Green, D.L.S, 1907. 65. (North outline). — On this line there is no green timber with the exception of a small swamp in the north of section 34. The soil is light and third class. The 318 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN. Range 2k — Continued. land is rolling and covered with fallen timber and small scrub. On the north boundary of section 34 there is a high hill, from the top of which can be seen nearly the whole of townships 67 and 68, range 24, and for a long distance to the south and west.— Hugh McGrandle, D.L.S., 1907. 66. This township is reached by wagon trail from Athabaska Landing to Baptiste lake and around the north and west sides of the lake, but it is very rough from the landing to the lake. The soil in this township is very light and stony and is fit only for grazing or small farming. There are a number of half-breeds living on the north and west sides of Baptiste lake, but they cultivate only small potatoe patches. The surface of the township is very rolling and is covered with fallen timber, poplar and willow scrub. A high range of hills runs from section 3 to the south end of Baptiste lr.ke on the east side of which are a few swamps with green spruce and tamarack and a few clumps of green timber along the lake shore; this is about all the green timber in the township. The only hay seen in this township was on sec- tions 31 and 32. The half-breeds cut most of their hay for winter use in township 66, range 25. The water is fresh and sufficient. Baptiste lake extends to near the centre of the township, and numerous small creeks flow thereto from the west, south and east. Wood for fuel can be had on nearly every section. No coal or lignite veins were seen in the township. No stone quarries and no minerals of economic value were found. No game was seen but ducks. Baptiste lake is teeming with jackfish.— Hugh McGrandle, D.L.S., 1907. 67. This township is reached by wagon trail from Athabaska Landing which enters at the southeast corner and passes through sections 1, 11, 15, 22, 27, and 34. The road is very rough and in much need of repair from the landing to Baptiste lake. The soil in this township is rather light but suitable for mixed farming or grazing especially sections 12, 13, 14, 15, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, and 34, where the soil con- sists of four to six inches of black loam over a sandy clay subsoil. The surface of this township is rolling, the east half is scrubby with patches of prairie and clumps of poplar and a few small swamps with green spruce. The west half is mostly timbered, especially sections 6, 7, 18, 19, 30, 31, 38 and 29, the timber consisting of poplar, spruce, birch and some jackpine; there are only scattered trees sufficiently large for making lumber. The east half of section 18 is mostly all birch and poplar from four to six inches in diameter. There are no large hay meadows in the township bvit there is some slough hay along the creek in section 16 and along the outlet of Baptiste lake, and patches of upland grass through the eastern part of the township. The water in this township is fresh and sufficient consisting of Baptiste lake in the southeast cor- ner, lake No. 1, in the northeast corner, several small ponds scattered over the town- ship and creek running diagonially across from section 31 into Baptiste lake in sec- tion 10. There is no land liable to be flooded except two or three acres at the east end of the bays of Baptiste lake in section 1. There are no water-powers in this township. There is plenty of wood for fuel on almost every section. There are no stone quarries, and no minerals of economic value are found. Small game is very scarce, a few partridges and ducks were seen, and plenty of jackfish are found in Bap- tiste lake and Lake No. 1. Sections 20, 2.1, 28, 20, 32-, and the east halves of 30 and 31 are mostly all burnt swamp with islands of j ukpine. — Hugh McGrandle, D.L-S., 1907. 68. This township is reached by wagon trail from Athabaska Landing which pas- ses almost through the centre of the township from south to north, entering at the southeast corner of section 3 and leaving at the northeast corner of section 32. From TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 319 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN. Range 21t — Continued. Athabaska Landing to Bapti6te lake the trail is very rough and in wet seasons, muddy and generally in great need of repairs. From Baptists lake north the trail follows a sandy ridge which in places has the appearance of a railroad embankment. Tlhe soil varies from a sandy loam to clay, with considerable surface stones in places especially in the eastern portion of the township; it is suitable for grazing or farming on a small scale. The surface is rolling and hilly and covered with poplar and willow scrub with clumps of green poplar over the central portion of the township. Sections 6, 7, 17, 18, 19, 30, 13, 24, 25, 35 and 36 are almost all covered with green timber con- sisting of poplar, spruce and jackpine from eight to ten inches in diameter. Some spruce will go as high as eighteen to twenty inches in diameter but not in sufficient quantities for lumbering purposes. The only hay in the township is along the creek on the east half of section 3 and a few small patches of high land grass on the south- west quarter of section 2. The water is fresh and sufficient. There are four fair- sized lakes, one in each corner of the township, but there are very few running streams. A creek twenty links wide and one foot deep runs out of the south end of lake No. 2 in an easterly direction over a stony bottom leaving the township on the east boundary of section 24 thence in a northerly direction entering the township again at the northeast corner of section 25, and leaving at the northeast corner of the southeast quarter of section 36. There is considerable hay along this creek in range 23. A creek flows from the southeast end of lake No. 3 in a northeasterly direction arcoss the southeast corner of section 27 and through section 26 entering lake No. 2 in the southeast corner of section 26. This creek flows through a deep ravine over stones but contained very little water at time of survey (September). There are no water-powers in this township. No coal or lignite veins wer seen. No stone quarries or minerals of economic value were found. There is no small game except a few ducks but tracks of moose were plentiful and we noticed a spot near lake No. 2 where three had evidently been killed. There are plenty of jackfish of good size in lakes Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 in this township.— Hugh McGrandle, D.L.S., 1907. Range 25. 65. (East outline). — The soil along this line is light and stony, only suitable for small farming or grazing, classed 3 and 4. The surface is rolling and scrubby and covered with fallen timber; there are numerous small swamps of gre:n spruce but no timber of commercial value. There is a crooked lake in section 1 from five to ten chains from the line and extending the whole length of the section. There is another lake in section 7, township 65, range 24, touching the line at 25 chains and extending toward the northeast. No fish were seen in these lakes. — Hugh McGrandle, D.L.S., 1907. Range £9. 10. Two main trails lead into this township, one from Macleod by way of Five- mile creek and the other from Leavings. These trails were in good condition until s( ttlers, who have been coming into this and the adjoining townships in large numbers in the last year or so, fenced their quarter sections and changed the trails to the pro- per road allowances. Many of the roads were graded and bridges built during the siimmer, however, and the trails will soon be in good condition again. Porcupine hills, an extremely high and very rough range, extends diagonally through this township. The northeasterly part is open rolling prairie, while the hills are timbered with some fine fir, very straight and high. This timber is not very extensive and is being rapid- ly depleted by settlers. The prairie sections and the valleys between the hills afford 320 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FOURTH MERIDIAN. Range 29 — Continued. considerable hay. Fine streams of good fresh water are numerous. Many of them have their sources in the hills in the township and could be easily utilized for irri- gation in dry seasons. None of the streams are large enough to generate water- power. Some light frosts were noticed in the early summer but despite the late spring the grass was abundant by the middle of May and the crops sown seemed to grew very fast. The timber on the hills affords fuel for the settlers and if carefully preserved will continue to do so for several years. There were no stone quarries in the township but plenty of limestone is available. No minerals of economic value were seen. Some deer and partridge were seen among the hills. — C. C. Smith, D.L.S., 1907. TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 1. 13. This township is reached by a fair trail from Claresholm, a flourishing town on the Calgary and Edmonton extension of the Canadian Pacific railway and distant about thirty-five miles. This trail has been surveyed from Claresholm to Lyndon postoffiee and is good in dry weather. From Lyndon to Lyndon mill a trail has been graded by the Lyndon Lumber company. This portion is almost impassable in wet weather but is very fair in a dry season. Lyndon mill is situated in section 11, of town- ship 13, range 30 west of the fourth meridian. When running at full capacity it has an output of 12,000 feet of lumber per day, and supplies lumber to the settlers for miles around. Some good spruce and jackpine is found on section 1, township 13, range 1 west of the fifth meridian, and on section 2 township 13 range 30 west of the fourth, and from these two sections the lumber company have taken nearly all their logs. North of Lyndon creek the township is more or less open, and hay can be cut in fair quantities. The surface is very broken and hilly and is suitable for ranching only. Water of the finest quality is plentiful and permanent in Lyndon creek and its many tributaries, small spring creeks being numerous. Wood can be had in the south portion of the township both for fuel and building purposes. No minerals of economic value were noted. Game seems to be very scarce. — W. T. Green, D.L.S., 1907. 14. This township can be reached by a fair trail from Nanton which, however, traverses a high hill in the northeast corner of the township making the transport of heavy loads very difficult. In a very dry season or in winter this hill can be avoided by following a trail around the foot of the hill on the west side. In an aver- age summer, however, the trail is impassable. The township is distant from Nanton about twenty-five miles. Nanton is a flourishing town on the Calgary and Edmonton extension of the Canadian Pacific railway. Five years ago, I believe there was only a station while now it is a thriving centre with a population of about 700. The soil is generally a black loam over clay and were it not for the danger of summer frosts, much of it would be excellently suited for agriculture. Willows postoffice situated in section 12 on Willow creek seems to be the point demarkation. Below there crops generally will mature but above that point on Willow creek only very occasionally will anything ripen. The township is essentially a ranchers' paradise. Grass grows luxuriantly and hay of excellent quality can be cut on much of the open land north of Willow creek. South of Willow creek, the country is hilly and covered with willow scrub and poplar. Spruce of fair quality is to be found on sections 12 and 13 of township 14, range 2. North of Willow creek the country is hilly but generally open. Water is both abundant and permanent. Willow creek, the south branch of Willow TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 321 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 1 — Continued. creek and the many creeks and springs flowing into these provide an excellent quality of water. No water-power is available. Fuel is amply provided for in the bush south of Willow creek. No coal or lignite veins were noticed. Outcroppings of rock were seen in several places along Willow creek but no quarries are in operation. No min- erals of economic value were found. An excellent variety of trout is abundant in Willow creek. Two deer were seen in the southwestern portions of the township dining the progress of the survey. Coyotes are numerous and some grouse were noticed. Timber wolves are occasionally a source of loss and annoyance to ranchers in the southern part of the township. There are also a few lynx, bob-cats and marten. IV". T. Green-, D.L.S., 1907. Range 2. 10. This township may be reacued by a good wagon road from Cowley. Though most of the township is hilly prairie much of it is very excellent farming and graz- ing land. Sections 6 and 7 are partly timbered with fir, spruce and poplar suffi- ciently large for building purposes. In the settled part of the township splendid crops and good herds of_ cattle and horses were seen. Hay can be cut in all the valley and on the hillsides. The north fork of Oldman river with its numerous tributary creeks afford a permanent supply of good water. The north fork could be utilized to develop extensive water-power. No summer frosts were noticed. Besides the wood referred to above there is an abundant supply of good bituminous coal for fuel. Though there appeared to be some limestone, no quarries were in operation. Game consists of partridge, chickens, coyotes and fox, and the river and creeks afford plenty of trout for the 'patient angler.'— 0. C. Smith, D.L.S., 1907. 11. A good wagon road runs from Cowley to and partly through this township. It is necessary to ford the north fork of Oldman river, however, and even to one familiar with the fords this is a difficult and dangerous task. Generally speaking the surface of the township is very hilly prairie. Several creeks run in a southerly direction into the north fork through deep valleys or rather coulees, and high, rough watersheds divide the basins of the creeks. Bluffs of poplar and some fir and spruce were seen in sections 5 and 6. The valleys of the creeks have a good deep clay or sandy loam, but the hills are very stony and have a light soil. The township is excellently adapted to grazing and can be profitably farmed. Good hay can be cut in any of the valleys or on the lower hillsides. Besides the numerous creeks men- tioned above there are very many springs affording a permanent supply of good water. There are no bad floods, as there is very little level bottom land in the valleys. None of the creeks except Callum and Coal creeks appear to be useful for water- power, though they all could be easily and profitably used for irrigation purposes. No summer frosts were seen. There is considerable limestone but no quarries have so far been opened. No minerals were seen. There were a few chicken and part- ridge in the bluffs, and the creeks afford a good supply of speckled trout. — C. C. Smith, D.L.S., 1907. Range S. 11. The wagon road from Co\.ley runs along the southerly side of the north fork of Oldman river through the Gap in the Livingstone mountains and then crossing Bacehorse creek it enters this township in section 5. This road is travelled considerably and is in fairly good condition for a mountain road. A pack trail also runs along the northerly side of the river. Much of the township is very rough and mountainous, though along all the creeks there is good land which is being taken 25b— 21 322 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 3 — Continued. up and \itilized for farming and crazing-. Livingstone mountains are very high and in this township rise abruptly from the valleys on each side. This township, at least in the southerly part, is mostly timbered with poplar, fir and spruce, of good size. Much of the timber in this country will doubtless become valuable for use in the coal mines. Oldman river with its tributary creeks, together with many springs, afford a permanent supply of good water. Oldman river, where it flows in a narrow defile through the Livingstone mountains, could be used to develop a very extensive water-power. There is much limestone but no quarries were in operation. A good quality of bituminous coal was seen in many places along the banks of the river. Game consists of bear, deer, fox, coyote, partridge and chicken. The climate was pleasant.— C. C. Smith, D.L.S., 1907. Range 4. 20. This township can be reached by a good trail from Okotoks a flourishing town on the Calgary and Edmonton extension of the Canadian Pacific railway and distant therefrom about thirty-five miles. The nearest post office is Millarville, whicii is reached by a good trail, one branch of which follows the north fork of Sheep river, the other keeping to the valley of Ware creek, a tributary of Sheep river. Tbe sur- face of the township is very hilly and is covered with scrub and timber except along the valleys of Ware creek and Sheep river. In these valleys there are some excellent hay lands which make the township, especially the eastern portion, well adapted for ranching. In the southwestern and western part some good spruce and jackpine is found and a sawmill could be operated there to advantage. Plenty of wood both for fuel and building purposes is obtainable all over the township. An ample and per- manent supply of excellent water can be had in Sheep river and Ware creek and their numerous tributaries. Little or no water-power could be developed. The climate is that of the hill country generally — cool nights during the summer with frequent frosts. Outcroppings of rock were noticed along Ware creek but no stone quarries are in operation. No minerals of economic value were noted. Game is not plentiful though some partridge, grouse and coyote were seen. Fish are plentiful both in Sheep river and Ware creek.— W. T. Green, B.L.8., 1907. 21. This township is about twenty-five miles, by a good trail, from Okotoks, a growing town on the Macleod extention of the Calgary and Edmonton branch of the ( anadian Pacific railway. Tbe nearest post office is Millarville on section 12, town- ship 21 range 3. Another trail from Priddis post office leads to the sawmill on sec- tion 25 in this township. The soil, generally, consists of black loam, varying in depth from three to eighteen inches, with a clay subsoil and frequently, on the hill-tops, with stones or rock. The township is suitable for pasturage only, as I do not think any crops would ripen here, except, possibly, the most hardy vegetables. The surface is hilly and rolling. There are a few flats along the creek bottoms, but they are mostly covered with willow and scrub, and are more or less swampy. There is but a small proportion of open prairie in the southern part, and here only on the southerly face of the hills. There is much merchantable timber still standing, such as spruce and banksian pine — commonly called jackpine — as large as thirty inches in diameter. It is more abundant on sections 8, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25. 28, 29 31. 32 and 33. The best timber, however, I think, is on sections 28, 29, 32 and 33. I met several parties who were contemplating erecting a sawmill somewhere on Fisher creek. A sawmill has already been in operation for several years on section 25, which may be reached by a well graded road from the east. Most of the timber on section 25 has already TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 323 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 4 — Continued. been removed, several million feet of 1 mber having been cut. There was also at one time, a sawmill on the northwest quarter of section 10, but it has since been removed. At a low estimate there is still available about five million feet of lumber. Owing to want of good roads and the numerous muskegs most of the lumbering operations would have to be carried on in winter. I succeeded in moving my wagons as far as the southeast quarter of section 30, by following the valley of Fisher creek, but that was owing to the swamps being frozen. With snow on the ground good roads could be made along the creek, but the bulk of the logs in the northerly part of this town- ship will have to be moved down the valley of Whisky creek, thence to the south fork of Fisher creek. There are no hay meadows, but hay has apparently been made along the creek in section 29, where remains of old hay corrals were found. I also came across the remains of an old shack on the south side of the creek on the south- east quarter of section 30, said to have been the site of an old illicit still. This township is well watered, both by creeks and springs. The north branch of Sheep river cuts diagonally across the south half of section 6 and part of section 5. It must be quite a formidable stream at high water. It supplies water to the irrigation ditches on some of the northwesterly sections in township 20. A good-sized stream, Fisher creek, traverses sections 30, 29, 20, 21, 16, 10, 11 and 12. Whisky creek- touches the northerly part of section 32. Numerous springs add to the volume of these creeks. The water is of good quality and the springs appear to be permanent. There are no water-powers in this township, and any attempt at damming Fisher creek might require to be done in the next township west. With reference to the climate, I think the indications are that no cereals can be ripened here, owing to prevailing summer frosts. I crossed the ice, on standing iwatex, with my outfit early in November. A rancher to the south sows both oats and wheat for green feed, which is excellent for cattle where the supply of hay i= limited. Fuel is plentiful in both green and fire-killed timber, such as poplar, spruce and jaekpine. There are no stone quarries, no minerals of any economic valre. nov wera there any indications of coal. Game is still in evidence. Grouse, partri Ige and rabi its were seen, also signs of deer, which very probably will soon be exterminated by the Indians and white men, who hunt here in the fall. An Indian pack trail traverses this township south- erly from Morley, on the Stony Indian reserve. It is much travelled by bands of Stony Indians, and leads to the Walrond ranch, and also to the trail crossing Living- stone range into the valley of Livingstone river. The southerly half of this township has been overrun by horses and cattle, resulting in the pasture being very bare at the time of my survey. There are but two settlers, both in the southeast corner. The only farming, however, that they have attempted is sowing oats for green feed for their cattle. Another settler, the proprietor of the sawmill on section 25, has also quite a number of cattle, but here the grazing area is very limited. Many set- tlers from the open prairie, miles to the east, came in here by way of the graded saw- mill trail, for their fencing and building material. There are no good trails within the interior. Fisher creek has to be crossed a number of times in going up its valley, and approaches have to be constructed for crossing. Also, owing to the springy nature of the side hills many of the bottom lands are wet and boggy. This township is not at all suitable for general farming and only to a limited extent for rattle-raising. At some future time, when land becomrs of greater value, and when the valuable part of the timber has been removed and the inferior part consumed by fire, then, by judicious draining and irrigation, most of the bottom lands in this township that are at present swampy, may become valuable for grazing and dairy- ing purposes.— C. F. Miles, D.L.S., 1906. 25b— 21i 324 DEPARTMEXT OF THE iyTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 4 — Continued. 22. This township can be reached by a good trail from Calgary as far as Priddis. From Priddis the trail is only fair. In section 25 of township 22, range 4 the road divides, one leading northwesterly through sections 25 and ?5 and thence on through the Sarcee Indian reserve, the other running southwesterly along the south branch of Fish creek to section 18. The latter would be almost impassible until late in the fall. The soil is generally a rich black loam over clay, although stone is frequently found on the hill tops. If it were not for the danger of summer frosts, the valley would be excellently fitted for agriculture. The surface is generally roughly rolling-, the southerly and westerly portions becoming quite hilly. Almost the entire town- ship is wooded, much of the northern part being covered with standing fire-killed poplar and jackpine. In the south some fair timber is found. The valleys are gene- rally open. Hay can be cut on most of the valleys, although some are too swampy to make that possible. Water is abundant and permanent. The two branches of Fish creek, with the innumerable spring creeks scattered over the township, provide an excellent quality of water. No water-power could be developed. Summer frosts are general, though I believe there are some years when oats and barley will mature. No stone quarries were noted nor any minerals of economic value. Fuel is abund- antly provided for in the fire-killed timber throughout the township. Game seems scarce, partridge and coyote 'eing all that were seen. Deer are to be found, I believe; also an occasional bear in the western portion. A small variety of trout was found to be quite plentiful in the two branches of Fish creek. — W. T. Green, D.L.S., 1907. 44. The best route for reaching this township is through Bluff Centre, from either Ponoka or Lacombe. A wagon trail enters the township in section 12, and another, branching from the Bluff Centre-to-Buck Lake trail enters it in section 36. The soil is in parts suitable for agricultural purposes, but the township is largely composed of spruce muskegs, sloughs and jackpine ridges. Some patches of timber both dry and green suitable for settlers' purposes are found especially in the valley of the west branch of Blindman river. There are no large hay meadows, but grass suitable for pasturing is found in the majority of sections. Water is generally of a pure quality, the numerous small creeks and springs and the branch of Blindman river forming a sufficient and permanent supply for future settlers. The west branch of Blindman river enters this township on the north boundary of section 33 and leaves it in section 13, flowing in a southeasterly direction; its average width is about seven feet and its depth three feet with banks from twenty to thirty feet. There does not seem to be sufficient fall in this branch of Blindman river for the development of a serviceable water-power. The climate is similar to that of Edmonton. There is plenty of dry and green timber lor fuel but no traces of coal, stones or minerals of any economic importance were found. -There are some moose in this part of the country and a few bear, deer, rabbits, prairie chicken and some partridge.—//. L. Seymour, D.L.S., 1907. 47. This township is best reached by wagon trail from Wetaskiwin, entering section 1 and being well travelled on account of the lumbering carried on in this township. In section 10 this trail branches, one branch leading westward to the northeast end of Buck lake, another northward along Modeste creek and a third leads southward up the same creek. With the exception of the southwesterly part, which though quite heavily timbered with spruce, poplar, birch and balsam, is rough and uneven. The southerly part of the township is composed of timber berths numbered 1160, 1211 and 1353, being covered with spruce up to thirty inches in diameter and good sized poplar. There is but very little open country in the remainder TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 325 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MFR1DIAN. Bange 4 — Continued. of the township, for where not thickly timbered with spruce, poplar and some birch or jackpine it is covered with brule, windfall and willow underbrush. It is quite rough along Modeste creek and its small tributaries. No hay meadows of any size exist in this heavily timbered township, Modeste creek flows northerly through the centre of the township and is from thirty to fifty feet wide, three feet deep with banks twenty- five feet high. A creek locally known as the ' Little Poplar,' when entering the township in section 24 is but ten feet wide but before it joins Modeste creek (locally known as Poplar river) in section 26, it becomes nearly as wide and might be mis- taken for the main stream. A number of smaller tributaries containing excellent water are found in other parts of the township. There seems to be no possibility of developing any serviceable water-power on either of the two before mentioned streams. The climate is similar to that at Edmonton. There is plenty of dry and green timber for fuel, but no traces of coal were found. No stones or minerals of any economic importance were discovered. With the exception of mink, found along Modeste creek and its main tributary and a few weasels, there is very little game in this township.— H. L. Seymour, D.L.S., 1907. Bange 5. 48. This township is reached from township 49, range 5, by a wagon trail which leads across the northeast corner of the township along Modeste creek, this trail being fairly well travelled but hilly. An old pack trail leads from Modeste creek in sec- tion 26 southwards to Buck lake. The northerly and northeasterly portions of this township would be most easily cleared of the brule and brush covering the rolling country, and the soil is good for agricultural purposes, the greater part of the town- ship, however, while fairly level, is thickly wooded with spruce and poplar, especially sections 18 and 19 where some spruce to twenty-four inches is found, also tamarack and poplar of good size and quality. In section 26 a hay meadow over fifty acres produces good grass and peavine. No other large hay meadows were found, however, Except in the middle of the township a number of small creeks of good water were found and a creek fourteen to sixteen feet wide, two to three feet deep, with banks from forty to one hundred feet wide, enters this township from the south in section 3, is joined by another creek four feet wide in section 11, and flows into Modeste creek in section 13 or 24. A description of Modeste creek, which flows across the northeast corner of the township, was given in the report on township 49, range 5. There is not sufficient fall in any of the above mentioned streams to develop service- able water-power. The climate is similar to that of Edmonton. There is plenty of dry and green timber for fuel, but no traces of coal were found. Game, which is very scarce, consists of bear, deer, moose and lynx. Along Modeste creek mink tracks were noted.—//. L. Seymour, D.L.S., 1907. 49. The best route for reaching the township is by wagon trail from Edmonton, which crosses Saskatchewan river in section 13, township 50, and enters the township near the northeast corner of section 33. On account of the lumbering in this and the adjoining townships the trail is fairly well travelled, but from Saskatchewan river south it is quite hilly and rough. The southwesterly portion of the town- ship through which Modeste creek flows is heavily timbered with spruce to twenty- four inches and some large poplar, two lumber camps having operated there this winter cutting timber on a permit. When cleared the soil would be good for agricultural purposes but the country is rough. The northeasterly portion of the township has generally good soil, the country being heavily rolling, covered with 326 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 5 — Continued. poplar and willow scrub, brule and patches of good spruce and poplar. The northwest quarter of section 8 and the southwest quarter of section 29 are two river flats of from thirty to forty acres, on which good hay has been cropped for the last two years. There are also other smaller hay meadows along Modeste and Buck lake creeks. In the east of the township there are a number of small streams of excellent water and in the west Modeste creek,- from fifty to one hundred feet in width, and from two to three feet deep in the late summer. It has a good current in banks from fifty to one hun- dred feet high and flows into Buck lake creek in section 20, the latter creek differing only by a greater depth of water which in both streams is of good quality. There does not seem to be sufficient fall in either of he above mentioned streams to develop any serviceable water-power. The climate is similar to that at Edmonton. There is plenty of dry and green timber in this township for fuel but no traces of coal were found. Along the banks of Modeste creek, some friable sandstone of brownish colour was noted. There is practically no game in this township, a bear or deer track being rarely seen. — H. L. Seymour, D.L.S., 1907. 54. (North part). — A fairly good wagon road leaves the trail from Lake St. Ann to S. W. McDonald's farm, at a point about one-half mile east of Mr. McDonald's farm ; then running north it continues tkrouah the township The soil is not very good, consisting of three or four inches of black loam with a subsoil of clay or gravel. It can be rated as second class land and is suitble for mixed farming. The surface is generally rolling with heavy poplar and brush along the north boundary but being fairly open in the south. There is no timber of any value. There is very little hay, although there are small patches where some hay could be cut. The water is fresh and the supply is permanent and sufficient, being furnished by two small lakes and several small ponds. There is no land liable to be flooded. There is no means of furnishing water-power. The climate is excellent, being similar to that of Edmonton district. Wood for fuel may be obtained on every section, but no coal veins have been discovered. There are no stone quarries and no minerals of any economic value. There is very little game. — A. Mirhaud, D.L.S., 1906. 55. There is a fairdy good wagon road which leaves the trail from Lake St. Ann to Donald McDonald's farm, at a point about half a mile east of McDonald's farm. This road runs north through the centre of townships 54, 55 and 56, range 5, ending in the northeast quarter of section 16, township 56, range 5. There is also a good road running from Lake St. Ann to McLeod river, which enters this township on the east boundary of section 1 and leaves it on the west boundary of section 18. The soil is fairly good consisting of 6 to 8 inches of black loam over a sand or clay subsoil and is suitable for mixed farming. The surface is rolling and is covered with brush and small poplar 3 to 8 inches in diameter. About 150 tons of hay could be put up around Little Island lake in sections 7 and 8 and small quantities of upland hay could be cut in several small prairies in the northeastern part of the township. There is no timber of any value, for lumber. The township is fairly well watered by five fair- sized fresh water lakes which are permanent. Of these Lessard lake in sections 26, 27, 34 and 35, and Little Island lake in sections 7 and 8 are the most important. There h no land liable to be flooded. The climate is excellent and is similar to that of the Edmonton district. Wood for fuel is obtainable on every section, but no coal veins have been discovered. There are no stone quarries and no minerals of any economic -alue. There is very little game, but there is good pike fishing in L-ssard lake. — A. Michaud, D.L.S., 1906. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 327 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Bange 5 — Continued. 56. There is a fairly good road which leaves the trail from Lake St. Ann to Donald McDonald's farm at a point about a half mile east of Mr. McDonald's farm. This road runs north following the centre line of townships 54, 55 and 56, range 5, and terminates in the northeast quarter of section 16 of this township. The soil is good, consisting of six to ten inches of black loam over a clay subsoil, and is suitable for mixed farming. The surface is undulating and is covered with bri'sh and poolar three to eight inches in diameter. In the east half of section 5 and in the west half of section 4, there is some good spruce timber ten inches in diameter. There is very little hay. The water is fresh, but is not very plentiful, there being only one small permanent lake on the east boundary of section 26, but there are several small creeks containing fresh water with an average width of three to four feet and a depth of six to eighteen inches. There is no land liable to be flooded. There is no way of obtaining water-power. The climate is excellent, being similar to that of the Ed- monton district. Wood for fuel is obtainable on every section. There are no stone quarries and no minerals of any economic value. There is very little game. — A. Michaud, D.L.S., 1906. Bange 6. 49. This township is reached from township 49, range 5, by a wagon trail which enters section 25 and follows up Buck lake creek to a lumber camp in township 48, range, 6, leaving the township in section 3, also by a wagon trail across the north- east corner of the township which leads to Saskatchewan river in section 8, township 50, range 6. Both these trails have been well travelled but are hilly, especially the one to the south. The westerly two-thirds of the township is heavily timbered with spruce to twenty-foui' inches and some large poplar. The soil is good and the easterly third of the township might be easily cleared of the brule, poplar and willow scrub, which cover the rather rough country. A few patches of hay meadow are found in the easterly part of the township and in section 31. Saskatchewan river with banks from one hundred to one hundred and seventy-five feet Irish and one quarter of a mile wide enters this township in the northwest corner. Buck lake creek, four feet deep, fifty to seventy-five feet wide with banks one hundred feet high enters the township in section 2, and leaves in section 24. Except in the middle of the township small creeks containing good water are found. There does not seem to be sufficient fall in Buck lake creek to develop serviceable water-power. The climate is similar to that of Edmonton. There is plenty of dry and green timber for fuel but no traces of coal were found. No stone or minerals of economic importance were found. Game is very scarce in this part of the country. Bears are probably most numerous and tracks of deer and moose were seen. — H. L. Seymour, D.L.S., 1907. Bange 7. 54. The shortest and best route whereby this township can be reached from a rail- way point is by a good wagon trail from Edmonton to Grey's store. This store is situated in section 28. township 53, range 6. Thence there was a trail for about two miles from there it was necessary to open a trail through the woods entering the township in section 24. This trail was opened out northwesterly to the north boun- dary of section 34. A good pack trail passes through sections 24 and 23 and westerly connecting Lake St. Ann with Jaspar Hou>e. The surface of this township is gently rolling but is broken on the east by Pembina river valley and on the north by a couple of ravines about one hundred feet deep in which are good streams of water. The township is timbered throughout. On sections 25, 26, 35 and 36 the bush is not 328 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OP THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 7 — Continued. as thick as it is to the west of these sections. The timber consists of poplar rang- ing in size up to two feet in diameter and averaging ten to twelve inches. Along with this poplar in many places there is a thick growth of willow ranging in size up to five inches in diameter. The soil generally consists of three inches of black loam with a subsoil of hard stiff clay which would be very difficult to cultivate. In many places the clay was so hard that the mounders were compelled to use picks. The clearing of the bush in this township would cost about thirty-five dollars per acre. From this it can be seen that present settlement is not probable. There is abundance of good water of a permanent character. There is no hay. Wood fuel is abundant and there is probably an underlying stratum of coal about one hundred and fifty feet below the surface, for coal outcrops along Pembina river are frequently to be seen, the seams appearing to be from five to six feet thick. There are no water- powers, no stone quarries nor minerals of economic value. No game was seen in the township.— R. E. Knight, D.L.S., 1906. 55. The nearest and best route whereby this township can be reached from a railway point is by a good wagon trail from Edmonton to Gray's store which is situated in section 28. township 53, range 6. From Gray's store the trail continues westward for two miles, and from there it was necessary to open a trail through the woods, entering the township at the south east corner of section 3. This trail was opened to Pembina river in section 22. The surface of this township west of Pem- bina river is nearly level, except for a couple of ravines in sections 16 and 21 in "which streams of good water flow. Sections 29, 30, 31 and 32 are composed chiefly o>i swamps. All that portion of the township lying to the east of Pembina river is broken and hilly, except sections 25 and 36, which are somewhat gently rolling. The soil throughout consists of about three inches black loam with a hard white clay subsoil, which is exceedingly difficult to cultivate. The whole of the township except a few swamps or muskegs is covered by a thick growth of poplar, averaging about ten inches in diameter. In many places the trees are twenty inches in diameter and are long and straight. To clear the land for agriculture the cost would be upwards of thirty- five dollars per acre. This will retard the settlement of the township. The only hay found is around Michaud lake in section 25. Pembina river which runs through the township enters in section 1 and passes through sections 1, 1$, 11, 10, 14, 15, 23, 22, 27, 28 and 33. The water of the river is good. The cross section at time of survey (November) was about six hundred square feet having a velocity of about two miles per hour. At high water the cross section is fully ten times as great. There are no water-powers nor stone quarries. At many points along the river there are outcrops of apparently good sandstone, in some places forty feet thick. Underneath this sandstone is a layer of lignite coal, of a superior quality being equal to that found in the vicinity of Edmonton. The seam of coal seems to be about six feet thick and oiitcrops frequently along the river. Other minerals of economic value do not occur. There is no game. — R. H. Knight, D.L.S., 1906. 57. A good road runs from Lake St. Ann, crossing the lake at The Narrows, and enters this township at the southeast corner, thence it runs in a northwesterly direc- tion across the township to McLeod river. In section 16 other short trails branch off from this main trail to the different farms in this neighbourhood. In the north- west quarter of section 3 this road is joined by a road cut by the Grand Trunk Pacific railway survey parties, which also enters the township in the southeast corner. The soil in the centre of this township, in the valley of Big and Little Paddle rivers, is first class, consisting of from ten to eighteen inches of black loam over a clay sub- TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY* BRAM II 329 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 7 — Continued. soil, and is suitable for all kinds of farming. In the extreme north and south parts of the township the soil is not so good, the depth of black soil averaging from four to eight inches over gumbo or clay subsoil, but it would be considered second class land suitable for mixed farming. The valLy of the two Paddle rivers, which run from west to east through the centre of the township, is level and is filled with willow brush and in some places with hay meadows. The two south rows of sections and the north one and one-half rows are rolling and timbered with heavy poplar five to ten inches in diameter. There is no timber suitable for lumbering purposes, but good building timber can be obtained in the north and south parts of the township. In sections 24 and 25 there is a large hay meadow which will produce about one hundred tons of hay, and in sections 28 and part of 21 there is another large hay meadow which will produce from two to three hundred tons. There are also small patches all over the centre of the township where hay may be cut. The township is well watered by the two Paddle rivers, which run through the centre of the town- ship from west to east and which meet at the northeast corner of section 22, also by Pembina river, which runs through the extreme southeast corner of the town- ship. Of these, Pembina river averages four chains wide, four feet deep and has a current of three miles an hour. Big Paddle river averages thirty feet wide, two feet deep and has a current of two miles an hour. Little Paddle river averages twenty feet wide, one foot deep and has a current of two miles an hour. There are no lakes and no land is liable to be flooded. There is no means of obtaining water- power. The climate is excellent and similar to that of the Edmonton district. Wood for fuel is obtainable on nearly all sections, but no coal has been found. There are no' stone quarries, and no minerals of economic value. There is no game in this township.— A. Midland, D.L.S., 1906. » Range 9. 54. This township was reacned by crossing Chip lake on the ice, thence by pack horses to section 21. There is a trail known as 'Jack's trail' passing through the north part of this township. The soil is mostly clay and is suitable for farm purposes. The surface is gently rolling, covered with poplar and willow-. In the southwest sections of this township and in those sections bordering on the lake there is a large tamarack muskeg, which might be suitable for farm purposes when drained. There are no meadows, but some hay is found along the lake. The water is fresh and consists of one large creek running southerly through the township. It crosses the north boundary of section 34 and flows into Lobstick river. It is about fifty links wide and from two to six feet deep. No water-power exists in the township. The climate was very cold at time of survey — May. Dry tamarack, spruce and poplar may be obtained in large quantities for fuel. No stone quarries nor minerals were found. Bears, wolves, ducks and geese were the only game seen. — ./. C. Baker, D.L.S.. 1907. Range 10. 53. We reached the township by crossing Chip lake on the ice. It can also be reached by the Tellowhead pack trail which runs through the southern part of this township. The soil is principally clay, and when cleared of the heavy bush will be suitable for farming. This township is gently rolling and covered with a heavy growth of poplar, willow, jackpine, tamarack, spruce, birch and balsam. Some timber suitable for lumber can be found in the southern part of this township. No hay meadows were seen, but hay in quantity can be obtained along the shore of Chip 330 DEPART11EXT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 10 — Continued. lake. The water in this lake as well as in all the creeks in this township is fresh. The creeks are small and I think will be dry in summer time. The climate was cold at the time of surrey — April. Plenty of dry tamarack, jackpine, spruce and poplar can be obtained for fuel, but no coal was seen. No stone quarries nor min- erals were observed. Bear, mink, lynx and plenty of duck and geese on Chip lake were the only game seen. — J. C. Baker, D.L,S., 1907. 54. This township was reached by crossing Chip lake on the ice. 'Jack's pack trail' passes through a part of this township, crossing the north boundary of section 34. The soil is mostly clay and is suitable for farming. The surface is gently roll- ing and covered with poplar, willow, and spruce, but there is no timber of import- ance in this township. Hay is plentiful along the lake, but no hay meadows were seen. Fresh water is found in the lake. One large creek occurs in the western part of this township. It flows into Chip lake, crossing the north boundary of section 32. It is about fifty links wide and three to five feet deep. There is no water- power. The climate was cold at the time of survey — April. Plenty of dry poplar and tamarack can be obtained for fuel, but no coal was seen. There are no minerals nor stone quarries. Bears, wolves, ducks and geese were the only game noticed. — J. C. Baler, D.L.S., 1907. 55 & 56. (Outlines) — We crossed Chip lake on the ice to section 28, township 54, range 10, and from there we used pack horses, following an old pack trail which runs due north crossing the north boundary near the northeast corner of section 32. The soil in township 56, range 10 along the meridian lines is well adapted for farm- ing but in township 55 there is more muskeg and swamp. In township 56 the surface is rolling and covered with second growth poplar. In township 55 the surface is rolling but covered with large poplar, spruce and willow. No timber of value was seen along the meridian lines. The south branch of Paddle river crosses the east boun- dary of section 13. It contains fresh water, is about fifty links wide and from three to six feet deep. About three feet of snow was on the ground at the time of survey I March) while the weather was very cold. Plenty of dry tamarack, jackpine, spruce and poplar can be obtained for fuel. No stone quarries or mineral-; were found. No game of any kind was seen. — /. C. Baker, D.L.S., 1907. Range 11. 53. I reached this township by the Jasper or Yellowhead pack trail, which passes through the southern part of the township. The trail was in very poor condition. The soil is black loam and clay, suitable for farm purposes. The surface is level and covered with poplar, spruce, tamarack and willow. There is spruce and tamarack suitable for timber in sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10 and 11. It is from eight to sixteen inches in diameter. No hay is found. There are several small creeks in this town- ship, the water of which is fresh. The land is not liable to be flooded and no water- power occurs. The climate was cold and wet at time of survey (June) with no sum- mer frosts. Fuel consists of plenty of dry spruce, tamarack and poplar, but no coal, stone quarries nor minerals are found. Game consists of moose, deer, bear, &c. — J. C. Baker, D.L.S., 1907. 54. I reached this township by making a pack trail along Lobstick river. The trail is very poor. This township is nearly all muskeg. If the land can be drained it will be suitable for farming. The surface is level and covered with small poplar, willow, swamp spruce and tamrack. There is no timber nore hay in this township. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 331 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 11 — Continued. Lobstick river flows through this township, through sections 18, 17, 16, 9, 10 and 3. No water-power is found. The climate was warm at time of survey (September) with no summer frosts. Fuel consists of plenty of dry spruce, tamarack and poplar, but no coal, stone quarries nor minerals are found. Game is moose, deer, bear, &c, — J. C. Baker, D.L.S., 1907. Range 12. 53. I reached this township by the Jaspar or Yellowhead pack trail. This trail runs through the southern part of the township. The trail at the time of survey (July) was in very poor condition. This township is level and covered with a thick growth of poplar, spruce and willow. There is some large spruce but not in sufficient quantity for timher. When cleared, the soil, which is mostly Mack loam and clay, will be suitable for farm purposes. In section 6, near Lobstick river there is some hay land, but no other hay lands were seen. Lobstick river flows along the west boun" dary. The water is fresh. There is also a number of creeks, but no water-power The climate was wet and cool at time of survey, with no frosts. Fuel consists of plenty of dry wood, but no coal was seen. There are no stone quarries nor minerals. Game consists of deer, moose, bear, wolves, &c. — J. 0. Baker, 1907. 54. I reached this township by making my own pack trail along Lobstick river. The trail in many places was very bad. This township is nearly all muskeg and under water, not suitable for farming. It is level and covered with poplar, willow and swamp spruce and tamarack. There is no timber except a small amount along Lob- stick river. This occurs in sections 19, 20 and 21. This timber is spruce and tama- rack varying from ten to twenty-four inches in diameter. There are no hay lands. Lobstick river flows along the west boundary, north boundaries of sections 19, 20, 21 and east boundaries of 22, 14 and 13. It is about sixty feet wide and varies from two to ten feet deep. The water is fresh. There are no water-powers. The climate n- warm at the time of survey (September) with no frosts. Fuel consists of plenty of dry poplar, spruce and tamarack, but no coal nor minerals were found. Game consists of moose, deer, bear, wolves, &c. — J. C. Baker, D.L.S.. 1907. Range IS. 52. The surface of this township is mainly rolling, or gently rolling and well wooded with spruce and jackpine, running from about five to ten inches in diameter. Intermingled with the spruce and jackpine in many places are scattered poplar, and there are also considerable areas wooded with aspen and balsam poplar from four to fourteen inches in diameter, and occasionally a few birch trees about five or six inches in diameter are met with. I was unable to properly explore the whole township, but apparently the greater portion of it is similar to the northerly part which is well fitted for settlement, being mostly high land, rolling enough for good drainage, and well watered with many small creeks, varying from one to four or five feet in width, and having a depth of one or two feet. These creeks generally flow with a good cur- rent, and their waters are fresh and soft. Carrot creek flows through the northwestern part of the township in a valley about a quarter of a mile wide at the bottom, and three-quarters of a mile wide at the top; the bottom of the valley being depressed about fifty feet below the level of the surrounding country, and mainly consists of boggy hay land interspersed with clumps of willow brush. 332 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWXSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 13 — Continued. The soil in the higher portions of the township is principally clay, or clay loam with a light covering of black loam, though in the depressions, or swampy portions, the soil is black muck or peaty loam. This township though mainly wooded throughout could be cleared without a great deal of difficulty and should prove a very desirable location for settlers. The soil is well adapted for the successful production of the various grains and veget- ables usually grown in the province of Alberta. Very little of the timber in this town- ship is suitable for being converted into lumber but timber for building houses, fuel and fencing can be obtained on any quarter section in it. — Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 53. I reached this township by the Yellowhead pack trail which passes through the southern part of the township. It was in very poor condition at time of survey (July). The soil in this township is fairly good being black loam and clay subsoil. It is suitable for farm purposes. The township is gently rolling, covered with small poplar and willow. There is no timber in this township. No hay meadows are found. Carrot creek flows along the western boundary of this township. It is about sixty feet wide and two to four feet deep. The water is fresh. The land is not liable to be flooded. It was fine summer weather with no frosts at the time of smvey. Plenty of dry poplar can be found anywhere. Xo coal, stone quarries nor minerals were found. Moose, deer, bear, wolves and other small animals were s e;i. — J .0. Baker, D.L.S., 1907. 53. This township is rolling and consists of a succession of ridges from about fifteen to fifty feet high, with wide intervening valleys. The south boundary in general runs through a thick growth of live timber, spruce and jackpine, mixed with poplar and also tracts of aspen and balsam poplar, the trees varying from four to twelve inches in diameter. The Yellowhead pass pack trail traverses this township from east to west, keeping about three-quarters of a mile north of its south boun- dary. This trail in the eastern portion of the township passes through a spruce brule, with some patches of live spruce averaging eight inches in diameter for about two miles, then west of this it passes through some very soft swampy ground with live spruce for about a mile and a half, then comes out on higher ground well wooded with poplar from six to twelve inches in diameter, then winds westerly through some comparatively open patches of rolling land with poplar and willow brush and a good growth of grass and past an occasional old beaver meadow. The south part of sec- tion 5 and the southwest part of section 4 is heavily wooded with poxilar from four to fourteen inches in diameter, but the greater portion of the township is brule, and comparatively open, the timbered area in general only reaching about half a mile north of the south boundary, and even in this there are strips of timber killed by fire. In going west from Lake St Ann, by the Yellowhead pass trail, our first view of the mountains was obtained from the top of a ridge, about midway between the east and west boundaries of this township. The soil is mainly light sandy loam, although clay soil with a light covering of black loam predominates in the wooded portion near the south boundary. The greater part of the township can be readily cleared, and would be well adapted for grain growing, gardening or mixed farming, and should be quite desirable as a location for settlers. — Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 54. I reached this township by an old Indian pack trail which follows along the east bank of Carrot creek. The trail was in very poor condition. The soil is nearly all muskeg, not suitable for farming. This township is level and covered with poplar, willow, tamarack and spruce. There is no timber, the tamarack and spruce found being small. No hay land is found. Carrot creek flows through the TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 333 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range IS' — Continued. western part of this township. The water is fresh. No water-power occurs. The climate was warm at time of survey (August) with no frosts Fuel consists of dry- poplar, spruce and tamarack, but no coal was seen. There are no stone quarries nor minerals. Moose, deer, bear, wolves, &c, were seen. — J. C. Baker, D.L.S., 1907. Range H. 52. The northern portion of this township is mainly rolling land, generally high, and when cleared would be well adapted for cultivation. It is watered by several small creeks running northerly into a tributary of Carrot creek, which flows easterly through the southern portion of township 53, in this range. On section 36 there is a fine woods of aspen and balsam poplar, from which good logs, suitable for building timber or for being converted into lumber, can be obtained. In the northern parts of sections 32 and 33, in the valley of the creeks draining this part of the township, there is a considerable area of brule with dead standing spruce, but the remainder of the township, except an occasional small area, is heavily timbered with poplar, spruce and jackpine suitable for the ordinary requirements of settlers. I did not explore the southern part of this township, but apparently all of it is fairly high and rolling land, not broken by true muskegs, although in the bottoms of some of the valleys or depressions the surface has become rather spongy owing to the excessive amount of moisture retained by the covering of moss. The soil is principally clay, under a shallow covering of black loam, but on the tops of ridges in many places the subsoil is gravelly, and in the depressions, or bottom of lower land between ridges the soil is black muck or peaty loam. As far as I can judge the whole of this township is well adapted to meet the ordinary requirements of settlers. — Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 53. The surface of this township is rolling, with the ridges or higher elevations of land running from about ten to seventy feet above the depressions, or lower inter- vening land. The Yellowhead pass trail traverses the township in an easterly and westerly direction, about a mile or a mile and. a half north of the south boundary of the township. The southerly portion of sections 1 and 2 is well wooded with poplar and spruce, varying from about six to twenty-one inches in diameter. Be- tween the Yellowhead pass trail and the south boundary of the township, a tributary of Carrot creek flows easterly in a valley of partially open land, on which there is a good growth of grass, but the soil is rather soft and spongy, owing to the soakage of water from the adjoining higher land, but when cleared and drained would form very desirable grazing grounds. North of this valley and south of the trail in the western half of the township there is a very fine wood of poplar and spruce, the trees being in general from four to fourteen inches in diameter. The wooded por- tion of the township lies mainly between its south boundary and the trail, but there are also some groves of fair sized poplar and jackpine to be found north of the trail, though the greater portion of the surface of the whole township is brule, .with a fairly good growth of grass. The township is well watered throughout by many small creeks, having a good supply of pure water, and along the courses of some of them old beaver meadows with good pasturage are occasionally found. The soil in the poplar woods is mainly clny, or clay loam, but in the greater portion of the township the soil is sandy loam. Taken as a whole, this township is quite well adapted for grain growing, gardening or mixed farming, and timber for the ord- inary requirements of settlers can be readily obtained. — Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 54. I reached this township by following the Grand Trunk Pacific pack tail, which passes through section 12, 14, 15, 9, 8, 17 and 18. The soil consists of alter- 334 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range H — Continued. nately muskeg and sand ridges, not suitable for farming. The surface is gently rolling and covered with small poplar, jackpine and -willow on the ridges and spruce and tamarack on the muskegs. There is no timber in this township. No hay is found. There is one small creek flowing north through the centre of the township. The water is fresh. There is also a small lake in section 19, too small to traverse. Xo water-power occurs. The climate was clear and fine at time of survey (Septem- ber) with frosts at night. Fuel consists of plenty of dry poplar, jackpine, tamarack and spruce, but no coal, stone quarries nor minerals are found. Game consists of moose, deer, bear, etc. — J. 0. Baker, D.L.S., 1907. 73. The greater portion of this township will make excellent farms some time, but at present there are not prairie openings of sufficient area, to induce the settler to stop there now. There are numerous small spruce muskegs nearly dry, a large one at the southwest corner and another near the northeast corner. Both of these large muskegs are at present very soft and unsafe for pack trains to cross and the timber adjoining these muskegs is not large enough nor in large enough quantities to be of much value except possibly for settlers' uses. Large poplar is found in belts along the east boundary but it is decaying rapidly. A creek flowing through the westerly part of the township, crosses the north boundary in section 31. The average width is twenty-five feet and the depth of water three inches in the rapids. Very little current can be noticed except where the water is shallow. The banks rise from twenty-five to seventy-five feet high, and prairie spots are found occasionally along this creek. Another small stream leaves the township near the northeast corner. This flows northeasterly into the lake about a mile and one-quarter east of the east boundary of township 74, range 14. This small stream about four links wide and two inches deep contains good water and is said by the Indians to have its head in a small lake east of the wagon road and south of the large muskeg. Several other water courses were crossed which had water in pools within their banks but no running water. These came from the higher lands to the south and east of this township. The wagon road which crosses the base line in section 2 leaves the township in section 34 and is .quite good as far as seen. It is used occasionally by people travelling light, but it would require much improvement for loaded wagons. No rock, coal, or game and very few sloughs or hay meadows were seen. — Henry W. Selby, D.L.S., 1907. 75. That part of the township north of Lesser Slave lake lies with a general descent towards the lake into which the greater part of it is drained. The settlement survey lying within its boundaries takes in nearly all the prairie but there has been a good deal of the timber suitable for sawlogs and much firewood cut for the uses of the settlement so that it would not be difficut to clear up many of the farms not em- braced within the settlement survey. There are several hundred thousand feet of spruce which could be cut yet, and should a fire run over the slashed portion of the bush it would severely damage that now standing. A road has been cut about six- teen feet wide from the village southeasterly, which leaves the township in section 24 and intersects Slave lake about a mile east of the township. This road is used mainly by the freighters in the winter to avoid the dangerous ice around Shaw point. It is also used by people in the summer who are travelling with light loads. The soil generally is loam with a sandy clay subsoil and will make good farming land when once cleared. Shaw point and for some little distance inland is composed of coarse sand, gravel and stones partly covered by sand and leaf mould. At the time of low water there is a strip of land along the west side of the settlement survey which makes good pasture land especially those portions of it west of the main outlet of Buffalo Bay, but this is liable to be flooded at any time. There is a narrow strip of land a TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 335 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b , TOWNSHIPS WEST OP THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range H — Continued. little over six chains wide lying to the west of Indian reserve No. 150 A which being thickly covered with brush is now considered too wet for farming, but when cleared it will make good farming or meadow land. There are two squatters, one on section 31 and the other on section 12 who have good houses but very little clearing, neither of them living there at the time of survey. Water found in the township is very good, one spring found near the southeast corner of section 27 has a strong mineral taste. If this was analyzed it might prove to be of commercial value. There are no hay lands except those mentioned along the west boundary and along the lake shore at low water. I did not see any coal or stone quarry on these lands and no game of any kind althotigh moose were killed this spring three miles east of these lands. — Henry W. SeTby, D.L.S., 1907. Range 15- 52. This township contains some areas of good rolling high land with clay soil well adapted for grain growing, when cleared, but the greater portion of it is covered with spruce and tamarack swamps, the soil in which consists of a black muck or peaty loam. Many of these swamps if cleared would not retain so much moisture and would become drier. Many of them could be quite readily drained, and no doubt in time will become valuable agricultural land. On the north' ast qarter of section 36 there is a fine poplar woods, the trees in which vary from about four to twelve inches in diameter, and on the west side of the north half of section 35 and east side rf the north part of section 34, is a ridge rising between swamp lands on either side, which is well wooded with poplar, cott'-n-w ol and spru e from six to twenty inches in diameter. These and a few similar tr?cts of high land are the most valuable portions of this township. Some of the timber on these tracts is suitable for lumber, but in general it would be mainly useful in building log ho:s?s, end in providing timber for fuel, fencing, &c. For the latter purposes, spruce and tamarack from the swamps is also available. The western and southwestern portion of this township is watered by Wolf creek, a fine stream of pure water, about eighty feet wide, and from two and a half to five feet in depth, flowing with a fairly rapid current. In section 31, it flows through a valley in which the bottom lands are prairie mixed with scrub and groves of poplar. The open land has a good growth of grass, peavine and vetch, and is well adapted for grazing. The banks of the valley of Wolf creek are about thirty or forty feet high and are generally sloping grassy banks, but in places they are steep cutbanks, and in one place in the north half of section 31, an eighteen-inch seam of coal is exposed. Intermingled with the spruce and tamarack swamps in this township are many ridges the surface of which is brule, with willow and poplar brush, or a growth of young jackpine. On the ridges with light brule there was a good growth of wild strawberry vines, bearing a fine crop of large strawberries of excellent flavour. The timber in the swamps is not generally larger than eight inches in diameter, and would average about five inches. The soil in the swamps is black muck or peaty loam, and on the ridges, generally it is light sandy loam. In the valley of Wolf creek the soil is a rich dark alluvium. Speaking generally this township cannot be classed as being well adapted for farming opera- tions, on account of so much of its area being covered with spruce and tamarack swamps, though there are some good arable tracts, more particularly in the north- eastern part. — Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 53. This township is composed mainly of a succession of ridges from fifteen to forty feet high, with intervening swamps, covered with spruce and tamarack from three to six inches in diameter. The Yellowhead pass trail runs westerly through 336 DEPARTMENT OF THE ISTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN". Range 15 — Continued. the southerly portion of the township, except in the west half of section 5, and the east half of section 6, where it takes a southerly loop into the northerly part of town- ship 52. Along the trail, there is a considerable amount of light brule in which there is a good growth of grass, and interspersed are groves of young or medium- sized poplar, and also considerable areas of thick poplar and willow brush. In the southeast portion of section 1, there is a fine wood of poplar, averaging from four to twelve inches in diameter, and on a ridge which extends into the southeast part of section 3 and the southwest part of section 2 is another small area of good poplar timber. About midway between the east and west boundaries of the township and about a quarter of a mile north of the Tellowhead pass trail, there is a beautiful lake about a mile and a half long, and a mile wide, that is mostly surrounded by spruce about four or five inches in diameter. The banks of this lake are well defined though in many places they are not more than two or three feet high. Towards the southern part of the lake there is an island of about an acre in extent, elevated about eight or ten feet above the water and covered with a heavy growth of spruce and jaekpine. In addition to Wolf creek which flows northerly through the south- westerly part of the township, it is well watered with numerous small creeks having a good supply of pure water. The soil on the ridges is mainly light sandy loam, well adapted for gardening, and fairly suitable for grain growing, but the township on the whole is rather broken by swamp to be of much value to settlers who wish to make a success of grain growing, unless a good deal of draining is first done. The timber found in general is only suitable for fuel and fencing. — Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 54. I reached this township by following the Grand Trunk Pacific pack trail. This trail passes through sections 21, 23, 22. 21. 20, 19 and 18 of this township. The trail is in good condition. The soil is black loam and clay. It is suitable for farm purposes. The surface is rolling and covered with small poplar, jaekpine. wil- low and windfall. There is a small amount of timber in sections 11. 12. 2 and 1 of this township, consisting of tamarack and spruce, varying in size from ten to twenty- four inches in diameter. There is some hay land to be found in the flats along Mc- Leod river, which flows along the north boundaries of sections 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24. It is a fine stream five hundred feet wide and varies from one to ten feet in depth. At time of survey (October) it was shallow but usually it is very difficult to ford. McLeod river could be used for water-power by damming the stream. The climate was fine and clear at the time of survey, with frosts. Fuel consists of plenty of dry spruce, tamarack, poplar and jaekpine, but no coal was seen. Sandstone might be obtained along the banks of McLeod river, but no minerals were seen. Game con- sists of moose, deer, bear, wolves, etc. — J. C. Baker, D.L.S., 1907. 73. Large muskegs are seen in various parts but these should not be permanently a detriment, as the township being high, these can be easily drained. The soil is three to ten inches of black loam on hard clay subsoil and produces rich vegetation. The timber generally is not of much value, most of the spruce and poplar being bad at the heart and easily broken off by the wind. Several small creeks or watercourses were crossed and the water was good, especially in one flowing easterly through section 25. The west branch of this rises in the westerly part of the township and although only a small stream three links wide and three inches deep it appears to be flowing quite steadily when it was crossed, while many others were quite dry. — Henry W. Selly, D.L.S., 1907. 74. This township is very well supplied with wagon roads, one passing through the northwesterly sections 18, 19, 30 and 32 from the Prairie Eiver settlement to TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 337 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 15 — Continued. Lesser Slave Lake P.O. and the other from the same settlement to the lake at the mouth of Sucker creek, and passing through sections 18, 17, 16, 15, 14 and 13. These roads except at the time of wet weather are very good for present traffic. The soil is black loam from eight to eighteen inches on clay subsoil. The surface is undula- ting with a very gentle descent towards the northeast. A large spruce swamp occu- pies the greater part of sections 25 and 26 and extends into the Indian reserve. The timber in this swamp is generally small but around the outer edge a few spruce trees from twelve to sixteen inches in diameter are found. The poplar on the south tier of sections is from four to fourteen inches in diameter and with a few spruce and willow bunches fairly covers them through the remainder of the township. The poplar is in belts and bluffs with prairie openings and willow bunches. The greater part of sec- tions 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 29, 30, 31 and 32 are prairie with poplar bluffs and bunches of willow along the watercourses. Some of these sections have been occupied for several years and the growth of grain, potatoes and hay is amazing. Several well defined watercourses are noticeable within the township, but only three appear to be permanent creeks. These were Travers creek, Bridge creek and the west branch of Sucker creek. The water in each of these is good though slightly alkaline; this of course is more noticeable later in the season. There is a slough which lies' across sec- tions 29, 28 and 27 in which the water is from four to eight feet deep and over a chain wide. It has the appearance of once having been a river channel which had been dammed by beaver in places and gradually filled up so that there is no inlet or outlet except at flood time. The dry channel is seen through the willows both east and west of that part which crosses sections 27, 28 and 29. Hay grows in abundance on all the prairie sections mentioned and in addition to these large hay meadows are found on sections 21, 22, 27, 28, 34 and 35, upon which grass grows luxuriantly but the ground is so rough and wet generally, that a good deal of work would be required before machinery could be used. No water-power of sufficient capacity could be de- veloped on either of the small streams flowing through this township. Summer frosts occur nearly every month, but they do not injure the grain where the seed has been grown in the district. The fuel of this part of the country is poplar and willow. No coal seams have been found neither are there stone quarries nor minerals known to exist there. Outside of the prairie wolf, game is very scarce. This township is best adapted to mixed farming, the growth of coarse grain and stock raising being best suited to the condition existing. It is very possible that minerals will be found and a large population will require all kinds of produce in the adjacent hills to the south, as well as in the foothills of the Eocky mountains where large deposits of coal and other minerals have already been found. Settlement cannot advance very fast with- out better means of transportation to the markets, for the produce which can be grown in this beautiful country. — Henry W. Selby, D.L.8., 1907. 75. This township, according to the Indian legends, was once under the water of Lesser Slave lake, but through the process of time it has been built up by the deposit or sediment brought there by the rivers and creeks, all of which flow from the west and southwest draining the higher lands. The northeasterly ten sections are partly flooded at the time of high water but not for very long, since upon these sections large quantities of hay are annually put up for the use of the settlement. Sections 29, 30, 31 and 32 are at present too rough and hummocky and have too much willow and dead timber lying upon them to be of much use, although through it all there is a fine growth of hay which cannot be cut. The rest of the township is high enough to make good farms for mixed farming with a depth of fourteen to eighteen inches of black loam on a sandy clay subsoil. Many prairie spots are found through this 25b— 22 338 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 15 — Continued. portion and the bush is mainly willow with bluffs of poplar and occasionally a few spruce, but there is little timber of any commercial value, and what little there is will not be sufficient for the needs of the settler. What is called the Prairie River road enters the township in section 4 and running northeasterly, leaves it in section 24. There are other wagon roads used by hay makers and others and in fact there is very little difficulty in opening roads in this township anywhere on account of the many openings in the willow brush. Two small creeks run thrcugh the township in a northeasterly direction to the west arm of Lesser Slave lake and are slightly alka- line. The actual water running is probably not more than three feet wide and three 4 inches deep but there are many places where the water lying in the bed of the coulees in which these creeks run is three or four feet deep and from sixty to one hundred links in width The banks of these coulees rise from the water near their outlet, to about fifteen feet at the south boundary of the township. Two squatters were found on sections 7 and 18 at the time of survey and since then three others have begun breaking and building on sections 6 and S. These squatters had one hun- dred and five acres in crop this year, and have large numbers of horses and cattle besides the necessary buildings. The surface being so nearly level no outcrops of coal or stone were found, and except duck and geese no g -me was seen. — Henry W. Selby, D.L.S.. 1907. 77. The south one-third of this township is composed of gently rolling land at an elevation of about two hundred and fifty feet above Lesser Slave like. It is con- veniently situated for farming purposes, the Peace river road cutting across the southwest corner of sections 5 and 6. The richness of the soil is shown by the luxu- riant growth of grass, peavine and vetch which prow in the open lands. The ridges are lightly covered with poplar and a few sc: ttered spruce, and between the ridges bunches of willow, and a few willow sloughs. Mcst of these sections when cleared ought to make beautiful farms. Sections 5, 6 and 7 have had fires on them which has left parts of them almost cleared. A large muskeg lies to the north of these sections which occupies the northerly part of the townshi'i . nd f :•■ m it severed fine streams of water of good quality take their cr'gin. Xo sto e. reck or coil was found and no hay lands, as the timber grows quite evenly over these sections. There are a few spruce around section 10 which would make bui'ding timber or sawlocs. No game of any kind was seen. — Henry W. Selby, D.L.S..- 1907. , Range 16. 52. This township is rolling or gently rolling land, the surface being a succes- sion of low ridges with brule, having a growth of poplar and willow brush, or young jackpine and intervening swamps with spruce and tamarack, from three to eight inches in diameter. In some of the lower or swampy portions of the township, brule is also met with, and in some of the brules there is a good deal of windfall, Moose creek runs through the southwestern portion of the township and in its vicinity there is a considerable portion of fairly open land with clumps of medium sized spruce. This creek is a fine stream of good water, about twenty feet wide and from one to four feet deep. It flows on a stony bed in a valley about' sixty feet deep, and half a mile wide, and along its banks a large amount of good sandstone is exposed. The soil in this township varies from clay to light sandy loam on the ridges, and in the swamps it is black muck or peaty loam, with a clay subsoil. Many of these swamps can no doubt be readily drained and will in time become desirable agricul- tural land, but at present, or in the near future, much of this township could not TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 339 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Rangie 16 — Continued- he classed as a desirable location for settlers. The soil on the ridges is in general suitable for growing small fruits or for gardening, and in the latter part of July and the first part of August, when the north boundary of the township was surveyed, a fine crop of ripe strawberries was found on all these ridges, where the brule was light or comparatively open. The Yellowhead pass trail runs through this township near its northerly boundary, and takes an occasional loop into township 53, north of it— Geo. Boss, D.L.S., 1907. 53. The southeastern part of this township is mainly swamp, with spruce and tamarack from three to six inches in diameter. This swamp is not in one con- tinuous stretch, but is broken or divided up into smaller areas by low ridges, having a growth of jackpine or spruce about five inches in diameter, though in many places the ridges are covered with brule having a small amount of windfall and a growth of poplar and willow brush. The southwest part of the township is principally light brule or partly open land with patches of poplar and spruce. In the south halves of sections 5 and 0 there are some peculiar ridges about ten or fifteen feet high composed of drift sand. McLeod river runs through the northwestern part of the township, but I did not explore the land in its vicinity nor the northern part of the township. The greater portion of the southern half of this township is rather too swampy to make good agricultural lands, though there are some tracts of good second class land in it, with a clay subsoil under a shallow covering of black loam that when cleared would be suitable for grain growing. — Geo. Eoss, D.L.S., 1907. 53. One can pass anywhere in this township with pack horses. The soil is mostly black loam and clay. It is suitable for farming. The surface is gently roll- ing except near the mouth of Wolf creek, where it is broken. It is covered with poplar, willow, small jackpine, spruce and tamarack, but there is no timber. Plenty of hay is found in the flats of McLeod river, which runs through the centre of this township. Wolf creek also passes through this township. It is a stream about one hundred feet wide and varying from two to six feet in depth. The water is fresh. Water-power could be developed either on Wolf creek or McLeod river by damming The weather was fine at the time of survey (November) with frosts. There are plenty of dry poplar, spruce, tamarack and jackpine, but no coal was seen. Some sandstone was found along McLeod river, but no minerals were seen. Game consists of moose, bear, deer, wolves, &c — J. 0. Baker, D.L.S., 1907. 54. One can pass anywhere in this township with pack horses. The soil is mostly black loam and clay. It is suitable for farming. The surface is gently rolling and covered with small poplar and willow, but there is no timber. Plenty of hay can be obtained in the flats along McLeod river, which flows through this township. It is a fine stream, being about five hundred feet wide, containing fresh water and vary- ing from one to ten feet at low water mark. Muskeg river also flows east, through this township and empties into the McLeod. It is a small stream about sixty feet wide, two to six feet deep and contains fresh water. The McLeod can be used to develop water-power. There was fine weather at time of survey (November) with frosts. Fuel consists of plenty of dry wood, poplar, jackpine and spruce, but no coal, stone quarries nor minerals were found. Game consists of moose, bears, deer, wolves, &c— J. C. Baker, D.L.S., 1907. 77. The southeast quarter of this township will make first class farms. The soil is clay and black loam on clay subsoil, and grows peavine vetch and grass where the timber is not too thick. The Peace river road passes in a northwesterly direction through these sections, and the timber along this road is open poplar bush and willow 25b— 22* 340 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 16 — Continued. bunches. Several open prairie spots occur while the whole is well watered with small streams of fresh water. The timber on the rest of the surveyed portion of this town- ship is mainly poplar two to twelve inches in diameter with scattered spruce, and wil- low between the ridges. A few large spruce were seen on section 10 being around a portion of a large spruce muskeg extending into the southwesterly portion of the township. Another road has been cut from the Big Prairie settlement northerly through sections 2, 11 and 14 to the Peace river road which is used by freighters and others to shorten the distance coming from the south and west. No rocks, coal or hay lands of any size nor game were seen. — Henry W. Selby, D.L.S., 1907. Range 17. 51. This township is mainly a series of ridges of brule, and intervening valleys of very soft muskeg. The ridges are about thirty or forty feet high, but some of them rise to a height of about one hundred and fifty feet. Though the ridges in gen- eral are brule one instance was noticed of a ridge about two miles long, being heavily timbered with jackpine about two feet in diameter. — Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 52. McLeod river flows through the northern part of this township, entering it at the northwest corner of section 31 and flowing out northerly at the northeast corner of section 35. The river has an average width of about four hundred feet in this vicinity, and in general has steep banks about fifty or sixty feet high, and from th« top of the banks the land has a gradual upward slope for some distance back. In some eases, the river runs in a valley in which there are wide flats and good hay meadows. The surface of the northern part of the township in general is high and rolling and the greater portion of it is brule, being well burnt off, and now contains little timber of much value, although there are scattered small areas of medium sized spruce. The brule in general has a small amount of fallen timber and a growth of either poplar or jackpine brush. The south one-third of the township is mainly a succession of muskegs, lying between a series of brule ridges, with small poplar and jackpine, and this portion of the township is not suitable for settlement. The soil is mainly light sandy loam or sand, and in the swampy or lower lands in the northern part of the township the soil is black muck with a clay subsoil. In the northern two-thirds of the township, there are considerable areas of fairly desirable agricultur- al lands, but the greater portion of it is rather too light for successful grain growing. The Yellowhead pass trail runs through the northern part of this township and crosses McLeod river by a ford about one and a half or two miles west of the east boundary of the township. This township is well watered by many small creeks which flow into McLeod river.— Geo. Ross, D.L.8., 1907. 53. I reached this township by making my own pack trail. ' Jock's trail ' passes along the west boundary of this township. It is in fine condition. The soil is black loam and clay. It is suitable for farm purposes. The surface of this township i3 level except near the McLeod where it is rolling. It is covered with poplar, willow, spruce and tamarack. It is very heavy in the northern part but there is no timber in the township. There are no hay lands. McLeod river flows through the southern part of the township. There are also some creeks. The water is fresh in all. Water power may be obtained by damming McLeod river. Fine weather existed at time of survey (November) with frosts. Fuel consists of plenty of dry wood such as tama- rack, spruce, poplar and jackpine. Small pieces of coal were seen along McLeod river Some sandstone along the McLeod river might be used for building purposes. No TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRAXCB 341 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 17 — Continued. minerals iwere seen. Game consists of moose, deer, bears and wolves. — J. 0. Baker, D.L.8., 1907. 53. McLeod river runs through the southeasterly corner of the township, and along its southeastern bank there is an outcrop of sandstone about twenty feet thick; on the northwestern bank the outcrop of sandstone is about eight feet thick. The face of this sandstone is weathered and rather soft, but no doubt good building stone can be easily quarried here. Moose creek also runs northerly through section 1, in a wide and deep valley, on its way to join the McLeod. Along its banks also there is an outcrop of sandstone. In the vicinity of McLeod river the land is inclined to be high rolling and hilly. The whole southern portion of the township, in general, is high, dry and rolling, but there are a few depressions where the land is compara- tively low and moist and in the southeast corner of the west half of section 3 there is a small lake, surrounded by marshy land having a growth of tamarack and spruce from four to eight inches in diameter. With the exception of the swamp mentioned, and a few small areas of spruce of medium size, the southern part of the township is mainly brule, having a moderate amount of windfall and a growth of willow brush, or young poplar and jackpine. In the southern part of the township, particularly in the vicinity of McLeod river there is a good deal of light sandy soil, but interspersed through this part of the township are also areas of clay or clay loam and although a cursory inspection would indicate that the soil in general is rather too light for suc- cessful farming operations, I have no doubt the greater part of the township will be found to contain considerable areas on which grain growing and gardening can be carried on successfully. — Geo. Ross, D.L.S-, 1907. Range 18. 52. This township in general is high and rolling and wooded with poplar, spruce and jackpine, from three to seven inches in diameter. McLeod river meanders through the western part of it in a wide and deep valley in which there are several good hay meadows. All along the river are found many clumps of spruce, the trees averaging about ten inches in diameter, and running to a height of about sixty feet, but the timber in general is only fit for fuel or fencing, though the better portion of it is suitable for building log houses. The soil is mainly clay loam, but several sandy ridges are met with, and in the eastern part of the township a considerable number of swamps with tamarack and spruce are to be found. The greater portion of the township is well fitted for settlement, and when cleared will be found to be well adapted for grain growing and mixed farming. — Geo. Ross, D.L.8., 1907. 53. A loop of McLeod river runs through the southern part of this township flowing in at the south through the west part of section 4 and returning south again through the east half of section 2. The river in this township flows mostly through an open flat, or valley in which there are good meadow and farm lands. Sundance creek flows into McLeod river a short distance south of the point where its most northwesterly loop takes a sharp bend to the east, forming an eddy in the river, and on the high bank of the river, to the north overlooking this eddy a store in which general merchandise is sold, was opened, about two years ago. This place is called 'big eddy ;' and on the bottom lands, on the north side of the river, just east of 'big eddy' Mr. A. Sinclair, who squatted here, has erected a good log house and stable, and has a nice garden, where he successfully grew last season, onions, lettuce, cab- bages carrots, parsley, potatoes, &c, and had also a fine crop of wheat on a small patch which he sowed as an experiment, Mr. B. Berthoux, the storekeeper also had 342 " DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 18 — Continued. good success with a garden, which he cultivated on the upland adjoining the store. To the north of the river and Sundance creek the land is high and rolling and in general is covered with a growth of small or medium sized poplar. In going north from the top of the steep bank of the river at big eddy the land has an upward slope for a distance of about thirty chains and there attains a height of about two or three hundred feet above the river then for about half a mile farther north the surface is fairly level, with scattered medium sized poplar, then going farther north, the land is heavy rolling, with thick poplar and willow brush, and scattered groves of jackpine from four to ten inches in diameter. A few swamps with spruce and jackpine are also to be found and towards the central part of the township a steep ascent of two or three hundred feet is met with, which takes one up to a higher pla- teau, which is more or less rolling and covered with brush, the surface being broken by an occasional valley with thick brush or a ridge with balsam poplar. The south- western part of the township is watered by Sundance creek and its tributaries. This creek flows through a wide and deep valley in which there is a good deal of land that is more or less open, and covered with a fair growth of grass, that makes it of value as a grazing ground. Sundance creek is a fine stream of pure water, about twenty feet wide, and from about two to five feet in depth, flowing with a fairly rapid cur- rent. In the vicinity of the creek, groves of fair sized spruce and jackpine are met with. Going southwesterly from the creek the land rises to a height of more than a hundred feet above it, the surface being considerably broken by spruce and tamarack swamps. The higher land or ridges separating these swamps is mainly brule. The! portion of this township lying north of McLeod river and Sundance creek, is well adapted to agricultural purposes in general, the soil being mostly a rich brown loam. The southwestern portion, south of Sundance creek is not so desirable for farm lands, as it is more broken and is rated as third class land. The Yellowhead pass trail traverses this township passing through big eddy, and generally keeping a short dis- tance north of McLeod river and Sundance creek. The surveyed line of the Grand Trunk Pacific railway also goes through this township, passing in the immediate vicinity of "big eddy.'— Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 54. This township is somewhat similar to the northern part of township 53. adjoining it on the south, but heavier rolling. The soil in it is mainly clay loam and well adapted for agriculture, but is rather too heavy rolling. — Geo. Ross, D.L.8., 1907. Range 19. 52. This township is traversed by McLeod river and broken by numerous swamps muskegs and shallow lakes. The northeastern portion of the township consists of a succession of low ridges on which there is a growth of poplar from two to six inches in diameter, with intervening marshes, muskegs, and shallow lakes. There is also an occasional area covered with spruce and jackpine. In the northern part of section 36 there is a fine lake which also extends north into section 1, township 53. This lake is rather less than a mile across, and on its south side there is high, hilly land, well wooded with spruce and jackpine. In running the fourteenth base line west from the i ast boundary of range 13. no true muskegs were met with till this township was reached; and in this township the greatest chainage across any muskeg was about twenty-two chains. The land improves in the northwestern portion of the township and in the north part of section 32, in the vicinity of Whitemud, there is a consider- able tract of good open meadow land. Whitemud creek, which is about seven feet wide and three feet deep, running with a fairly rapid current, flows through this meadow, and empties into McLeod river in section 31. On the banks of this creek TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 313 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 19 — Continued. in the valley of McLeod, a short distance above its junction with that river, are the ruins of a few shacks or log houses, which mark the site of a small village or trading post in which several half-breed families, principally engaged in trapping, lived some years ago. Near these ruins is also a small cemetery. The surveyed line of the Grand Trunk Pacific does not pass very far from Whitemud, and I have no doubt, that in the near future, Whitemud will spring into new life and become the centre of a thriving settlement. The Yellowhead pass pack trail, after turning northerly away from McLeod river, at big eddy, again approaches the river at Whitemud and follows it westerly, more or less closely, to 'the leavings' in range 21. In the valley of McLeod river, in the vicinity of Whitemud, are considerable areas well wooded with spruce and jackpine averaging ten or twelve inches in diameter. I did not ex- amine the southern portion of this township but consider that it is somewhat similar to the northern part, which is rather too much broken to be well fitted for good agri- cultural lands. The soil is mostly a light sandy loam but there are considerable areas, such as is to be found in the vicinity of Whitemud, that will prove to be well adapted for farming. The timber is suitable for fuel, fencing, building, log houses, &e.— Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 53. This township is traversed by Sundance creek, which enters it some distance south of the northeast corner, then flows southeasterly to a point about a mile north of its south boundary, and two and a half miles west of its east boundary, then it turns and flows northeasterly into range 18, on its way to enter McLeod river at ' big eddy.' Sundance creek flows through a wide and deep valley, in which there are some small areas of high dry prairie land, and also some groves of fair sized jackpine. In the central portion of the township, along Sundance creek, there are some large swamps, partially open muskeg and partially wooded with tamarack. The south- eastern portion of the township lies at an elevation of about a hundred feet above Sundance creek, and consists mainly of a succession of ridges, brules, with second growth poplar, or poplar brush, and intervening swamps with spruce or tamarack, averaging about five inches in diameter. The south portion of section 1 is broken by a lake having a considerable area of marsh and muskeg along its north shore. In the southeastern portion of the township there are also a number of open marshes, about thirty or forty acres in extent, covered by two or three feet of water and having a growth of coarse grass. The south central portion of the township is broken by a number of small shallow lakes, and muskegs, which lie between ridges covered with brule, having a considerable amount of windfall, and occasional poplar bluffs. In the southwest and central portion of section 6, is a wide ridge, well wooded with poplar. North and south of this ridge are fairly open flats, or meadow land with a growth of grass and small scrub. The south half of this township though considerably broken contains many areas of good agricultural land that can be readily cleared and brought into cultivation. The soil is mainly sandy loam or sandy clay, suitable for grain growing or gardening. The timber is mainly fit for the ordinary purposes of settlers, such as providing fuel, rails for fencing, and timber for the construction of log build- ings. The Yellowhead pass trail traverses the southeasterly part of the township, and the surveyed line of the Grand Trunk Pacific railway also passes through the township. The northern portion of this township was not explored by me. — Geo. Ross. D.L.S., 1907. 52. McLeod river flows from west to east through the northern part of this town- ship, keeping at an average distance of a little more than a mile south of its north boundary. It runs in a wide and deep valley, in the flats of which are several good hay meadows, but in general they are timbered with spruce, jackpine and cotton- 344 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 19 — Continued. wood from eight to twelve inches in diameter. From the north boundary of the town- ship to the top of the bank of the valley a distance varying from about a quarter to three-quarters of a mile, the land is nearly level or gently rolling, and is mainly brule, with light scrub, but occasional areas of spruce, jackpine and poplar from two to five inches in diameter are to be found. The soil varies from light sandy loam to clay loam, on the higher lands, and in the swamps it is black muck or peaty loam. In the river valley, the soil varies from a rich dark alluvium to gravel. The portion of the township north of McLeod river is well fitted for settlement, and when cleared, and cultivated, will prove to be an area on which grain growing or mixed farming can be carried on successfully. The Yellowhead pass trail runs through the township from east to west, keeping a short distance north of McLeod river, and the surveyed line of the Grand Trunk Pacific railway follows along about the top of the north bank of the valley of this river.— Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 53. The southern portion of this township is mainly light brule, through which run narrow belts timbered with poplar, spruce and jackpine, from two to five inches in diameter. The surface is rolling or gently rolling. Near the centre of the south boundary of section 6 a creek about twenty feet wide and one foot deep, with a very rapid current is crossed. This creek is the outlet of a small lake lying about a mile and a half north of the south boundary of the township, and as this creek has a heavy fall and a steady flow of water it would be readily available as a small water- power. The timber found in the township is only valuable for fencing or fuel. The soil varies through the grades of light sandy loam, clay loam and clay, and in a few small areas it is gravelly. The township as a whole is well fitted for settlement and when cleared, grain growing and mized farming can be carried on in it with general success.— Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. Range 21. 52. McLeod river flows through the northerly part of this township from west to east, in a wide valley, depressed about sixty feet below the level of the adjoining lands. Along the river in the flats of this valley, there are several fine open hay meadows, varying in width from ten to forty chains. Other portions of the valley are wooded with spruce, averaging ten inches in diameter, or cottonwood from eight to fourteen inches in diameter, also in places, the valley is broken by ridges of gravel. In going north from the river, after crossing the bottom lands one passes up the bank of the valley, about forty feet high, then through a poplar wood about twenty chains wide, the trees averaging about eight inches in diameter, then through a belt of swampy land with spruce, then over a ridge about fifteen chains wide, timbered with poplar, next through a strip of mossy swampy land, wooded with spruce, then over an area of high brule with a good deal of windfall, and a growth of small jackpine, and on the whole the greater part of this township is brule, interspersed with small areas of poplar, spruce and jackpine, averaging about five inches in diameter though in places as already mentioned trees of larger size are met with. ' The leav- ings' on McLeod river in the western part of the township is an open flat or meadow, about forty chains long and thirty chains wide. At this place the Yellow- head pass trail leaves McLeod river, and runs westerly towards Athabaska river. From 'the leavings' also another loop of the trail, runs in a northerly and north- westerly direction into township 53, range 22, and passes around the northerly end of the high plateau or divide between McLeod and Athabaska rivers, and again turns southerly and southwesterly along the southeasterly side of Athabaska river, till it in joins the old trail near Sandstone creek. That portion of the trail between TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 345 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 21 — Continued. 'the leavings' and Sandstone creek, has not been much travelled during the past few years, having become blocked up by fallen trees and the travel went over the northerly loop, however during last season the more southerly and direct route was reopened and travel is now divided. The soil in township 52, range 21, is mainly light sandy loam, interspersed with small areas of stony clay, black muck, &c. In the valley of McLeod river, the soil is mainly a rich dark alluvium. The township as a whole is fairly well adapted for agricultural purposes. The timber is only suitable for the ordinary uses of settlers such as providing fuel, fencing and logs for buildings. The surveyed line of the Grand Trunk Pacific railway passes through the northern part of this township.— Geo. Ross, D.L.8., 1907. 53. This township is broken considerably by a number of lakes and swamps. Along the southern boundary, sections 1 and 2 are light brule with second growth poplar, section 3, stony land with second growth poplar and jackpine, sections 4 and 5 are mainly light brule, and the southwesterly part of section 5 is broken by a small lake. Section 6 is mainly mossy swampy land. The soil is principally sandy loam, with interspersed areas of stony clay. I did not explore the northern portion of this township, but apparently considerable areas of fairly good agricultural land are to be found scattered through it.— Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 84. (Peace River Landing settlement.) This settlement, situated east of Peace river and near North Heart river is on a flat about fifteen feet above the river. It is surrounded on the east and south sides by hills of six hundred to eight hundred feet above the river. There are ten lots of different sizes in the settlement. The soil is a deep black sandy loam resting on a clay and sandy clay subsoil. Grain and vegetables grow well. Good water is plentiful all through the settlement and wood for fuel is close by. This settlement is reached by the Lesser Slave lake and Peace River Land- ing wagon trail. There is no water-power, nor stone quarry, and no mineral of any description has been found there during the progress of the work. The people of the place cut their hay on top of the hills along the wagon trail. The Northwest Mounted police have their quarters south of North Heart river, farther up Peace river. — J. B. Saint Cyr, D.L.S., 1907. Range 22. 52. The greater portion of this township is rough and broken ; the northeastern part of it is swampy with spruce, five inches in diameter, or brule, with a good deal of fallen timber, and a growth of young jackpine. The western part of the township is occupied by the high ridge, or divide between McLeod and Athabnska rivers. The greater part of this divide is covered with heavy brule, on which there is a thick growth of young jackpine, though in places the jackpine is replaced with poplar and willow brush, or by a growth of spruce. Section 33 and the northwest quarter of section 34 on this divide is heavily timbered with spruce and jackpine from six to twenty-two inches in diameter, this tract of timber stretches southwesterly for a distance of about two miles. The easterly side of this high ridge or divide trends southwesterly parallel to McLeod river and forms the northwesterly bank of its valley. The valley of the McLeod, which occupies the southeasterly part of the town- ship is the most desirable part of it and is well adapted for mixed farming or grazing lands. The soil in the valley, is a rich, dark alluvial deprsit, and in the remainder of the township it is mainly a light sandy loam, fairly well adapted for grain growing. The timber on section 33 and the northwest quarter of section 34 is suitable for lum- ber, but in general the timber to be found is mainly suitable for fuel, &c — Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 346 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 22 — Continued. 53. The southeastern part of this township is rather low and swampy, and also broken by small lakes, surrounded with green spruce or tamarack, varying from three to six inches in diameter, but there is also a good deal of brule to be met with. The southwestern portion of the township is occupied by the northerly end of the high ridge or divide lying between ilcLecd and Athabaska rivers. Section 4 on this divide is heavily timbered with spruce and jackpine from six to thirty inches in diameter and scattered poplar from ten to eighteen inches in diameter. About the north end of section 4, the timber is mainly spruce from eight to twenty-four inches and scat- tered poplar up to eighteen inches in diameter. In going northerly from the north boundary of section 4. the land slopes downward for the distance of about sixty chains, where a ravine fifty or sixty feet in depth, and hewilv timbered with spruce and jackpine up to three feet in diameter is reached. In the bottom of this ravine a stream about two feet wide and fifteen inches deep runs easterly with a rapid current. From the top of the bank on the north side of this ravine the land has a gentle slope downwards towards the north and is timbered with spruce. jac^'pine and poplar from twelve to thirty inches in diameter, and about a mile north of the ravine another stream about two feet wide and eight ?en inches deep runs northeasterly with a rapid current. Going north from this creek the land still slopes downward and the timber i< smaller running into spruce about six inches in diameter. Here th? survey lines of the Grand Trunk Pacific railway are met with, as they curve around to the north, to avoid the heavy grade that would be necessary, if the direct route across the divide were taken. Another creek about three feet wide and one foot deep, flowing northerly with a rapid current, is met with in the smaller spruce. Sections 5 and 6 are covered with heavy dry standing timber and section 6 and the west half of section 5 are on the westerly side of the divide, and slope northwesterly towards Athabaska river. ^orth of sections 5 and 6, the land is brule, and descends towards the Athabaska for the distance of about a mile, then gradually rises into a high ridge, which is timbered with spruce and jackpine of medium size. Athabaska river runs through the north- western part of the township in a wide and deep valley. The soil in this township is light sandy loam interspersed with areas of yellow s n ly clay, ml would be fairly well adapted for agricultural purpo-res. On the s uth central portion o? the township as previously referred to there is a considerable area of timber suit ble f >r lumbering purposes. — Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 52. Athabaska river flows through the northwestern corner of this township in a deep valley in which the bottom is rather narrow and confined, being wooded or brule rather than hay flats, however on the northwesterly side of the river, both in the valley and on the plateau above, there is a considerable stretch of brule, in which there is a good growth of grass. This portion of the township, on the northwestern side of the river is principally light brule, with second growth poplar, and scattered small areas of medium sized spruce and jackpine, and is mainly high dry land ascend- ing towards the west, and is broken by the deep valley of a creek running south- easterly into Athabaska river. All the central part of this township on the south- easterly side of Athabaska river slopes northwesterly towards the river, and forms the southeasterly side of its valley. In the vicinity of the river on this slope are considerable areas of live spruce and jackpine, but fire has made many inroads into the timber, leaving lanes and patches of brule with a large amount of fallen timber. Back of the live timber farther up the slope of the valley the central portion of the township is mainly heavy brule. The southeastern part of the township is on the top of the divide between McLeod and Athabaska rivers and is brule with inter- spersed small areas of live spruce and jackpine. The soil in this township is light TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 347 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 22 — Continued. sandy loam, and interspersed areas with jrellow sandy clay, or gravelly soil. The surface is well watered with many small and medium sized creeks and when cleared should make good agricultural or grazing lands. — Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 53. Athabaska river flows northeasterly through this township and cuts off its southeast corner in the form of a triangle, having its south and east sides each about four miles in length. The whole of this triangle, except minor undulations, slope3 northwesterly towards the river and forms part of the bank of its valley. The greater part of this triangle is brule with a large amount of standing dead timber, but near the river, in the southern part of the township, there is a tract about two miles long and half a mile wide, wooded with poplar, spruce and jackpine from six to twelve inches in diameter. The northerly loop of the Yellowhead pass trail, which comes around by the northerly end of the high divide between McLeod and Athabaska rivers passes through this woods. A medium sized creek, flowing in a deep valley, cuts into the southwest corner of this township and a short distance north of this valley, the easterly side of a high hill or ridge projects into this township from the west, and its top, which rises to the height of one thousand feet above Athabaska river, is very light brule, or nearly open prairie. The northwesterly part of the township is high rolling, and broken by a number of high ridges, partly wooded with spruce and partly very light brule. soil in this township is mainly light sandy loam, but there are tracts of clay with a stony or gravelly subsoil. Some portions of this township are rather rough and high rolling, but large parts of it when cleared will make good agricultural or grazing lands, and the township is well watered through-" out, with many small and medium sized creeks. The timber is suitable only for meeting the ordinary requirements of settlers. Athabaska river in this township averages about five hundred feet in width. — Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. Range 2k- 51. Athabaska river flows northeasterly through the northwest corner of this township, and the Yellowhead pass trail runs through it, parallel to the river, keeping about half or three-quarters of a mile sutheast from it. In the vicinity of the trail there is a fine stretch of prairie bottom land, with good grass, the soil being a rich brown loam. Between this strip of prairie land and the river, is a belt of second growth jackpine, and the northwesterly side of the river rising with a fairly steep, but gradual ascent, is also clothed with second growth jackpine. On the southeasterly side of the river, the bank of the valley rises to a high plateau, with light brule, nearly open in many places, but generally with scattered poplar and jack- pine. The valley on the southeasterly side of the river is a desirable location for homesteading, being well adapted to grain growing or mixed farming and the town- ship as a whole will no doubt prove to be well adapted for these purposes. The ,-i.rvey line of the Grand Trunk Pacific railway runs through the township not far from the Yellowhead pass trail. — Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 52. Athabaska river flows northeasterly through the southeasterly part of this township, but there is little or no bottom or grazing land in its valley on either side of the river in this township. The northern part of the township is mainly heavy rolling land with a general ascent to the west, away from the river, and continues to rise, till near the northeast corner of section 31, where the top of the plateau or 'mountain' is reached, it attains an elevation of 4850 feet, or about 1750 feet above Athabaska river. The greater part of this township is more or less rolling and covered with brule, having scattered areas of second growth poplar, or groves of medium sized 348 DEPARTMENT OF THE 1XTER10R 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 2Jf — Continued. spruce, but in the northwest corner of the township on the top of the plateau or 'mountain' is a heavy growth of spruce from six to twenty-two inches in diameter. In this township the comparatively level plateau or 'mountain' extends only about twenty or thirty chains south of the north boundary of section 31, and then slopes southerly down to the valley of the Athabaska. On the shoulders of this slope is a good deal of medium sized spruce and jackpine. The soil varies from sandy loam in certain portions of the township to yellow clay in others, and the greater portion of the township will no doubt be found to be fairly well adapted for grain growing or mixed farming. The timber generally is fit only for the ordinary purposes of settlers except at the northwest corner of the township where it is suitable for lumber. — Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 53. A creek about fourteen feet wide and seven inches deep flows through the southeasterly part of this township in a wide valley, about a hundred feet deep on its way to join Athabaska river. Immediately north of the valley of this creek in section 1, the land rises into a high hill, which attains an elevation of about four thousand one hundred feet or about one thousand feet above Athabaska river in its vicinity. The top of this hill is very light brule or nearly open prairie. Sections 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in this township are principally rolling and ascending land, brule with a few areas of poplar and spruce, but towards the west side of the south boundary of section 5 at the top of a steep ascent, a heavy spruce wood is entered, and the easterly slope of this ascent sweeps northerly and easterly in a crescent form and circles back easterly to the shoulders of the high hill rising in section 1, striking it about two miles north of the south boundary of the township. The top and southerly slope of this hill, which thus extends in crescent form from west to east are clothed throughout with a heavy growth of spruce from six to twenty-two inches in diameter. This heavily timbered land stretches to the north forming an area that is suitable for lumbering operations. The brule and more open parts of the township will no doubt prove to be well adapted for ordinary agricultural purposes. The soil varies from light sandy loam in places, to clay that is more or less stony in other parts of the township. — Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. Range 25. 30. This township is traversed by Columbia river. It is mostly mountain side and high bench land, timbered with fir. There is an extensive flat off the west side of Columbia river below the mouth of Beaver river, timbered along the river with spruce.^7os. E. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 31. Columbia river traverses the westerly half of this township. It is mostly mountain side with high benches. There are some flats along the river timbered with spruce. — Jos. E. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 51. Athabaska river flows northeasterly through this township, dividing it into two nearly equal parts. All the central part of the township is ocupied by the valley of this river, in which there is a large amount of nearly open land, with a good growth of grass, and well adapted for grazing. The river here is about four hundred feet wide, and runs with a rapid current in a rocky bed. The banks between the river and the first flats of its valley vary in height from four or five feet to fifty or sixty feet. On the northwesterly side of the river, and back from it about a mile and a half or two miles, the valley has in places rocky banks about forty or fifty feet high. The northwesterly part of the township is rolling land, mainly brule with poplar brush and some areas of small spruce. In the vicinity of Prairie creek on the southeasterly side TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS URANOH 349 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OP THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 85 — Continued. of the river the first flat adjoining the river is about six to eight feet above it being a stretch of nearly open prairie, about fifteen or twenty chains wide, then after ascend- ing a bank about forty feet high, one reaches the second flat a wide tract of compara- tively open land, very light brule, with some scattered poplar brush All the south- east part of this township is somewhat similar to this tract, the soil being a rich dark brown loam well adapted for grain growing or grazing. Some good seams of coal are also found in this portion of the township, which is traversed by the Yellowhead pass trail, and the surveyed lines, of the Grand Trunk Pacific railway are also run through it.— Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 52. The northern part of this township forms part of a high and heavily wooded plateau, or 'mountain' which extends westerly to Whitefish lake, in the western part of range 26. On this high plateau, sections 35 and 36 are covered with a heavy growth of spruce from eight to twenty-two inches in diameter, mixed with balsam from eight to twelve inches in diameter. Sections 33 and 34 also on this high eleva- tion of land, are less heavily wooded with spruce and jackpine from six to eighteen inches in diameter. Sections 31 and 32, also on the 'mountain' are wooded with spruce from five to fifteen inches in diameter, but in sections 31, 32 and 33, there are several areas of partially open land, with a fair growth of grass. These sections are also well watered by several creeks from one to two feet wide and by one or two wider creeks up to twelve feet in width. The creeks in general run in stony beds with a fairly rapid current, in a northerly or northeasterly direction. The heavy woodland in the northern part of this township appears to have not been injured by fire for at least two hundred and fifty years, as many of the spruce trees have reached that age and growth rings counted on some of the balsam show that they were over two hnu- dred years old. A few ponds, and open grass marshes, from one to twenty acres in extent are met with in the northern part of this township. The southern part of the township is mainly brule, and has a general southerly descent towards Athabaska river. The soil in the northern part of the township where the land is well timbered, is mainly clay subsoil, under a fair depth of black loam, and would be well adapted for grain growing. The timber on the northeastern part of the township is suitable for lumber. On the remaining part of the township, the timber would only be suit- able for fuel, fencing, &c. or the ordinary uses to which settlers would put medium sized trees.— Geo. Ross, D.L.8., 1907. 53. Sections 1 and 2 are heavily timbered with spruce from eight to twenty-two inches in diameter, sections 3 and 4, are timbered with spruce and jackpine from six to eighteen inches in diameter, and sections 5 and 6 have a fairly thick growth of spruce from five to fifteen inches in diameter, but on sections 4, 5 and 6 there are a few areas of limited size which are comparatively open and have a fair growth of grass. The southern portion of the township as described, is also well watered by many small and medium sized creeks flowing in a north, or northeasterly direction. The northern part of the township was not explored by me but it appears to have a general rolling descent to the northeast, and to be wooded with medium sized spruce. The soil is mainly clay, under black loam, and the surface being rolling, the greater portion of it when cleared would be very suitable for the ordinary purposes of agri- culture. The timber on the eastern or southeastern part of the township is suitable for being manufactured into lumber, and on the remaining portion of the township it is valuable for fuel, or for meeting the ordinary requirements of the settlers. — Oeo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 350 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 26. 31. Columbia river traverses the northeast corner of this township. The coun- try is mountainous Along the river there are some small flats timbered with spruce of from ten to twenty inches in diameter — Jos. E. Eoss, D.L.S., 1907. 32. This township is traversed by the Columbia river. There are at the mouths of Bush and Gold creeks which flow into the Columbia from opposite sides, large flats marshy towards the middle and mostly timbered with spruce along the river. On the east side of Surprise rapids there is some low hilly land with high mountains in the rear. The river is winding with crosscut and back channels forming small islands. — Jos. E. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 52. Whitefish lake, a beautiful sheet of fresh water about twenty-five chains wide, stretches north and south through the central part of sections 29 and 32, and also extends northerly into township 53, in this range. A creek varying from ten to twenty feet in width and from one to five feet in depth, flows northerly, through a valley with bottom lands, about half or three-quarters of a mile wide into the south end of Whitefish lake. At several points in this valley the creek broadens out into small lakes or ponds. The bottom land along the creek is mainly open meadow, with a good growth of grass and peavine but it also contains patches of scrub and groves of poplar and young jackpine. On the east side of Whitefish lake is a valley about twenty chains wide, brule more or less open and broken by gravelly ridges and on the east side of this valley is a cliff, or terrace of sandstone about one hundred and twenty- five feet high. The cliff extends south of the southerly limit of Whitefish lake along the easterly bank of the valley of the creek formerly mentioned for a distance of about two or three miles. From the top of the sandstone cliff east of Whitefish lake the land ascends to the east into a high plateau or ' mountain ' attaining an ele- vation of about one thousand feet higher than the lake. The 'mountain extends east occupying the northeastern part of this township as well as the portions of ranges 25 and 24 previously referred to. The greater part of the plateau in this township is heavy brule with scattered areas of spruce except in section 36, on which there is a fairly thick growth of spruce from three to fifteeen inches in diameter. . The south- ern portion of the township below this ' mountain ' is rolling land being mainly brule with young poplar, and interspersed with areas of small' spruce. The part of the township west of the valley running south from Whitefish lake is inclined to be hilly, and is covered with brule, and intermingled areas of medium sized spruce. Immediately west of Whitefish lake, in sections 31 and 32, there is a considerable tract of very light brule, or almost open prairie, but the soil is rather gravelly to make good agricultural land. The central portion of section 31 is occupied by a fine dry open hay meadow about one hundred acres in extent. The northern portion of White- fish lake is quite shallow, but it is not marshy, and the southern part of the lake is in general very deep. This lake contains great quantities of large whitefish and pike, and several families of beaver apparently flourish here. The Smoky river trail, running northwesterly from Prairie creek to Smoky river, crosses the southwestern part of this township, runs northerly through the valley extending south from White- fish lake, passes along the west side of the southern part of that lake and then turns northwesterly. This trail is in fair condition, but it is not much travelled. Consider- able areas of this township are quite desirable for settlement, being well adapted for agricultural purposes, the soil being clay or clay loam underlying a few inches of black loam, but light sandy loam and gravelly areas are quite numerous. The valley running south from Whitefish lake, though rather confined in area, is probably the most desirable location in the township. — Geo. Ross, D.L.8., 1907. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 351 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 26 — Continued. 53. This township is mainly brule, with occasional areas of young spruce, jack- pine and poplar. The surface is heavy rolling and consists mainly of a series of high ridges with intervening deep valleys. Whitefish lake extends northerly, from town- ship 52, into section 5, for about three-quarters of a mile. This northern portion of the lake is quite shallow, a good deal of it being only two or throe feet deep, but not marshy, although in other parts of the lake, the depth is quite great. A creek varying in width from about forty to one hundred feet, and about three feet in depth Hows northerly out of the north end of the lake with a slow current. Along this creek, are low flats, about twenty chains wide, having a growth of short wiry grass. In this flat, the creek enlarges into an occasional pond, but about half a mile below the point at which it issues from the lake, it is well confined to its banks. Immediately west of the creek flats, there is a second flat, which is about twenty feet above the creek, being nearly open prairie and about twenty chains wide, west of this is a similar flat about twenty feet higher, and west of that again a hill, or ridge rises to the height of about one hundred and fifty feet above the creek. On the east side of the fiats of the creek the sandstone cliff or terrace which extends northerly from township 52, rises to the height of about three hundred feet above the lake. About two and a half miles below the point at which it leaves the lake, the creek narrows down to a width of about fifteen or twenty feet, and runs with a rapid current, over a stony bed. This creek trends in a northeasterly direction and flows through a deep valley, having the sandstone cliff on the east side and a high steep clay or gravelly bank on the west side of its valley. The land in the vicinity of the creel: is brule with scattered groves, or clumps of second growth spruce and jackpine. In this township, the soil, .on the ridges is sandy or gravelly loam and in the lower or bottom lands between the ridges it is black muck or black loam. In these bottom lands there are also considerable areas with a good growth of grass. The land generally is well watered with many small streams, and large areas when cleared would be better adapted for grazing lands, than for grain growing. — Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. Range 27 52. The surface of this township is in general, high rolling or hilly and the greater portion of it is brule with scattered areas of spruce. It is well watered with many small creeks, and Hay river, a fine stream of pure water about fifty or sixty feet wide, and from two to five feet deep flows with a rapid current through the north- west part of the township. In the bottom of the valley of this river are groves of poplar, cottonwood and spruce from six to fifteen inches in diameter. The slopes of the valley are covered with brule and scattered areas of medium sized spruce. The Smoky river trail runs through the northeastern part of the township, and it is in fair condition, but there is very little travel on it. The older trails as shown on previous departmental maps, are now apparently obliterated. The soil is mainly light sandy loam, but there are considerable areas with clay loam and stony clay. At the northeast corner of the township there is a tract of good agricultural land, but on the whole the township is not well adapted for settlement. — Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 53. This township is mainly brule interspersed with a few areas of medium sized spruce and jackpine, and consists of a series of high ridges, and deep valleys. Hay river flows diagonally through the southeast part of the township in a wide and deep valley, in which there are some bottom lands with good grass, and Smoky river trail runs northwesterly through the southwestern part of the township. This town- ship is not well adapted for settlement, being on the whole rather rough, and high 352 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE FIFTH MERIDIAN. Range 27 — Continued. rolling with the exception of two or three sections at the southeast corner. The soil is mainly sandy loam. Fractional township 52 and 53 in range 28 are mainly brule and rather too high rolling and broken to be of much value for settlement. — Geo. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SIXTH MERIDIAN. Range 2. 23. (Section 21.) The section can be reached by a rough wagon road running southerly from the sawmill at the ' big eddy ' of Columbia river, on the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway. The northeast quarter of the section is rocky, and rising towards the west. It has a light covering of earth, generally stony. A growth of hazel, willow and poplar scrub with a few second-growth white pine covers the ground. The north half of the southeast quarter is similar to the northeast quarter. The south half has a southerly slope. While broken with rocky ridges there is a considerable area of sand and gravelly soil that would probably make good fruit land, but in dry seasons lack of moisture would be a drawback, as owing to the roughness of the surface and its elevation it is impossible to irrigate it. Second-growth white pine trees are scattered over the quarter section and if not injured by fire they will when mature be valuable. They are from five to nine inches on the stump. The north and east halves of the northwest quarter are rocky with a light covering of soil, light scrub and second-growth pine. The southeast quarter is broken with rocky ridges. Between the ridges there are areas of flat land, generally marshy, with clear spaces that when drained will be ready for cultivation. The remainder is covered with a thick growth of scrub and fallen timber, the result of fire. A few cedar and hem- lock trees of small size growing in clumps will furnish considerable firewood. There is no land producing hay, other than a space of about five acres that has been sown in timothy by the former settler mentioned herein. Springs of fresh water that are probably permanent will provide water for domestic purposes. The flat land is cov- ered with water in the spring but clearing and a simple system of drains will pre- vent flooding. There are no water-powers. The climate is equable, being similar to that of Revelstoke. There is deep snow from December to the end of March, or later. Rainfall is generally sufficient without irr;gation. I do not think summer frosts pre- vail. Rock exposures are broken up and are not suitable for structural purposes. There are no veins of coal or lignite, or minerals of economic value so far as known. Bear and grouse are plentiful. The remains of two cabins and a small clearing show that the place has been occupied at one time, but the improvements are now in ruins, and it has evidently been abandoned for some time. — J. A. Kirk, D.L.S., 1907. Range S. 77. Two- thirds of this township is thickly timbered with spruce, jackpine, poplar, birch and large willow, being on the Birch hills. There are a few creeks coming out of those hills running until the middle of summer. The surface on section 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 in that township is prairie and bluffs. The soil is very good, and game such as bears and moose are plentiful in that part of the country. Twenty or thirty settlers could locate in the south portion of that township when sub- divided. This township can be reached by Egg lake wagon trail.— J. B. Saint Cyr, D.L.S., 1907. 78. This township can be reached by the Egg lake and Spirit river wagon trail. With the exception of sections 1. 2. ?>. 4. 5 and 6. where patches of prairie are met TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCB 353 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SIXTH MERIDIAN. Range S — Continued. with, this township is thickly timbered with poplar, spruce and large willow. The country north of the wagon trail is level and the surface soil is very thin, overlying a clay and hard subsoil. On sections 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 spruce suitable for lumbering purposes is plentiful. Brule river, running in a deep ravine, crosses this township about three miles southeast of the northwest corner of section 31. There are no water-powers nor stone quarries, and water outside of Brule river is rather scarce. Bear and moose seem to be plentiful in that district. Oxide of iron has been found in the cutbanks along the river at different places and prin- cipally in the neighbourhood of the mouth of Spirit river. Hay is not very plentiful in this township and can be procured in some sloughs towards the northeast corner of section 36. The northeast portion of this township is rolling, and the land adjoin- ing Brule river is very hilly. A few settlers could find enough open land in the first row of sections in the south of this township to make a good farm. The climate is the same as at Spirit river and early summer fosts are not very frequent. — J. B. Saint Cyr, D.L.S., 1907. 79. This township lying south of Peace river is all thickly timbered with poplar, large willow and spruce. The soil is comparatively poor. Brule and Spirit rivers cross this township through its south portion. The hills of Brule river are from three hundred to four feet in height and those of Spirit Biver are about two hundred feet high. There is no way of reaching this township at present unless by Peace river, but even by this way a road would have to be made to go up the hills. — - J. B. Saint Cyr, D.L.S., 1907. 80. The surface in this township is prairie and bluffs. The soil is good. Wood for fuel is plentiful and timber for building purposes can be procured almost every- where in this township. There are a few creeks there flowing to Peace river nearly all summer. This township can be reached by Peace Biver Landing and Dunvegan wagon road. Settlers will find there good locations when the subdivision of this township is made.— J. B. Saint Cyr, D.L.S., 1907. Bange If. 80. The western half of this township is thickly timbered with poplar, spruce and large willow, while the remaining portion is prairie and bluffs. Very little of this township is surveyed. The soil appears to be fairly good. The country in the wes- tern portion of this township is hilly and rolling. The eastern half is nearly level. There are a few good sections here and there. The climate is very good all through that country and early summer frosts are net very frequent. — J. B. Saint Cyr, D.L S.. 1907. Bange 6. 19. A part of Shuswap river was traversed to complete a former survey. There is little level land along the river fit for settlement. "While a good deal of it is gra- velly and stony, there are some patches of good land. — Jos. E. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 71. This township can be reached by Spirit river and Dunvegan wagon road. As in township 72 the country is undulating and the soil is a deep black Joam or a deep black sandy loam resting on a clay or sandy clay subsoil. The surface in that portion of the township surveyed is prairie and bluffs. Lake No. 2 situated on east boundary of section 36 is very small. Bear creek crosses this township from section 33 to section 11. The supply of water furnished by the lakes and streams of this 25b— 23 354 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SIXTH MERIDIAN. Range C — Continued. township is permanent but the best water of all is found in Bear creek.There are no water-powers aud no stone quarries in this township. No mineral of any description has been found there during the progress of the work. Hay can be procured in good quantities all through this township. Wood for fuel is plentiful and timber for build- ing purposes can be procured along Bear creek and towards the southeast portion of this township. Ducks and geese are plentiful in the spring and autumn on the lakes of this township. The climate is very good all through Grande prairie. Last sum- mer there were two frosts in August, but the people of the place say that generally there are no early frosts in the summer. Grain and vegetables are successfully raised on Grande prairie. Flyingshot Lake settlement is included in this township. This settlement comprises sections 9 and 16 with eastern halves of sections 8 and IT and western halves of sections 10 and 15, nearly two miles square. In the middle of this settlement is a small lake called Flyingshot lake. The survey of this settlement com- menced on August 2 and was completed on the 20th. The surface is bluffs and prairie and the soil is composed of a deep black loam resting on a sandy clay subsoil. About three-quarters of the surface covered by the settlement is thickly timbered with poplar and large willow with a few spruce here and there. A small quantity of hay is cut around Flyingshot lake. Potatoes are raised successfully every year in that settlement and this summer small fields of oats were looking very fine. Flying- shot lake is very shallow and its water is not very good. Wood for fuel is plentiful in the settlement. There are no water-powers, and no mineral of any description has been found there. As in Spirit Biver and all through the west, two frosts were felt also at Flyingshot Lake settlement, but the people of the place say that the frost comes always later than that. The supply of water is permanent and more than suffi- cient for the needs of the settlement. Ducks and geese are plentiful in the spring and autumn around the lake. The climate is good and the autumn is generally long and fine. The country around the lake is undulating and rolling. There are no stone quarries. Most of the hay is cut outside of the settlement. The people of Flyingshot Lake settlement communicate with Saskatoon lake, Bear creek and Spirit river by two fairly good wagon roads in the prairie country, but through the timber between Grande prairie and Spirit river the road is in a very bad condition. These will im- prove with time for I was told in the fall that the government had men opening a new road on a better location. Flyingshot Lake settlement is in a low place and mostly surrounded with timber. The country is much nicer north of the settlement and near Bear creek.— -J. B. Saint Cyr, D.L.S., 1907. 72. This township can be reached by Spirit river and Dunvegan wagon road which crosses this township from section 36 to section 1. The country is undulating and the surface is prairie and bluffs. The soil is a deep black loam resting on a clay or sandy clay subsoil. Hay is plentiful, a large quantity can be procured around Clair- mont lake on the east boundary of this township and around Fergusson lake on sections 27 and 22. There is also a large hay slough or marsh on sections 20, 21, 2S and 29, and hay can be procured in good quantity near lake No. 1 and on section 19. Bear creek crosses sections 19. 20. 17, 8, 9, 4 and 3. Spruce creek which empties into Bear creek on section 19, coming from the north is a good-sized creek. The water in the lakes and streams of this township is permanent and good. Wood for fuel is plenti- ful. There are no water-powers, and no mineral of any description has been found in this township. There are no stone quarries. Ducks and geese abound in the spring and autumn in the lakes and streams of this township. This summer Grande prairie had a fine appearance; better grazing land cannot be seen anywhere else. Settlors will find there everything to meet their requirements. Frosts were felt here last, summer also, but generally there are no early summer frosts. The climate is TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 355 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SIXTH MERIDIAN". Range 6. — Continued. very good and grain and vegetables are raised with success by the few scattered settlers of Grande prairie.— J'. B. Saint Cyr, D.L.S., 1907. 78. (Spirit River settlement.) The survey of this settlement commenced on May 17, 1907 and was completed on June 19. Spirit river, which is a very small stream crosses the settlement from west to east. The soil is of good quality being composed of a black loam resting on a sandy clay subsoil. The surface is prairie and bluffs. The country is level with the exception of that portion of the settlement situated south of Spirit river. Wheat, oats and vegetables are successfully raised there, since a few years. The prairie furnishes a good pasture. The people here, cut their hay mostly outside of the settlement. Wood for fuel is plentiful. There is no water-power and no mineral of any kind has been found during the progress of the survey. The settlement comprises fifty-nine lots of different sizes. Nearly all the lots bordering on Spirit river are occupied by squatters. There are three good bridges on Spirit river, one on lot 16, one on lot 12 A and one on lot 9. The water supplied by Spirit river is not permanent. The river flows between two high banks, varying from fifteen to forty feet in height. The water is fairly good in the spring but towards the fall it is alkaline, owing to the alkaline springs coming out of the banks in different places. The climate is good with generally no early frosts, but last summer, in August, there were two frosts which injured the grain a little; these have been felt all over the west, I believe, and I was told also that the frost comes generally later than that. The country around Spirit river has a fine appearance. Every traveller that came there last summer appears to like the country and to have great faith in the futue of that district. I never witnessed such fine weather as we had until late last fall. Some of the residents of the place are making arrangements with firms in Edmonton to procure a sawmill and boring outfit to reach water; the only drawback of that country during the dry years. Mr. James Brooks and others say that they will certainly find good water at a comparatively small depth. The boring will begin next spring. From this settlement there is a wagon road going to Grande prairie, and one to Dunvegan and Peace Biver Landing. There are no stone quarries. Game is not so plentiful as it used to be around here. Between Spirit river and Dunvegan lies a tract of very good land. It is undulating and rolling in some places. — •/. B. Saint Cyr, D.L.S., 1907. Range 7. 19. There is a little level land along Shuswap river fit for settlement. — Jos. E. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. Range 8. 18. The section (6) surveyed is mostly steep rocky sidehill partly timbered and partly covered with brush. It is not fit for agricultural purposes. — Jos. E. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. Range 9. 17. Only a small strip of land adjoining the provincial lots in sections 24 and 25 is fit for agriculture. The timber has been burnt off. The southeast corner is occupied by a high mountain. — Jos. E. Ross, D.L.S. 1907 . 18. The part surveyed is rolling hilly ground. Most of the timber has been burnt off and the country is now grown up with brush. It is fairly well watered. The soil is rather light but is suitable for fruit growing. — Jos. E. Ross, D.L.S. , 1907. 356 DEPARTMEST OF TEE ISTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SIXTH MERIDIAN. Range 9 — Continued. 19. The part surveyed consists of gently sloping hills having considerable land, nearly level, lying between them. Thick brush now occupies the place where pre- vious to a fire of some twenty years ago heavy timber grew. The land is in general well watered, but the soil is ralher light. There are places for a few settlers here. — Jos. E. Boss, D.L.S., 1907. Range 10. 17. Most of the land surveyed lies on a small mountain at an elevation above the valley of from five hundred to fifteen hundred feet. It is partly open sidehill. The higher part is rolling and hilly, timbered with small mixed woods. The soil is fairly good but the water is bad and rather scarce. — Jos. E. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 18. There is about a section of good land on the west side of Salmon river. It is low rolling timbered hills with some gradual slopes. A settler has located on section twelve. The west of this section and sections ten and eleven is for the most part sidehills, open timbered range land. All the land in this township fit for settlement is probably surveyed. — Jos. E. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 19. The part surveyed is on the westerly slope of mount Ida. The small amount of agricultural land here would hardly warrant the making of a road. It is well watered and would be suitable for a stock range during the summer. The remaining unsurveyed land in this township is apparently not fit for agricultural purposes. — Jos. E. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. Range 11. 17. Section thirty-six is fairly good land but it is pretty heavily timbered. — Jos. E. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. 18. The several sections surveyed lie in Warren creek valley. This valley is about half a mile wide, is thickly wooded and almost enclosed by high hills. — Jos. E. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. Range IS. 18. There is very little agricultural land, the country being in general hilly, rough and broken. There is a gypsum deposit in the northeast quarter of section ten. —Jos. E. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. Range llf. 18. The part surveyed lies around Monte lake. It is hillside with open timber and a few small benches. The quarter sections at the south end of the lake are best suited for farming. 19. The land is at an elevation of at least two thousand feet above the valley. It is a hillside slope thickly wooded with small timber.— Jos. E. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. Range 15. 19. This is range land. Three settlers have been located here for several years and have apparently been successful in growing grain. — Jos. E. Ross, D.L.S., 1907. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURTETS BRANCH 357 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SIXTH MERIDIAN. Range 18. 20. This township lies immediately west of the town of Kamloops on the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway. Thompson river traverses the township pro- viding an abundant supply of good water. The level bottom lands within the river valley are divided into lots and furnish superior grazing premises. The soil in these lots varies from sand to sandy loam and when irrigated is well suited to the cultiva- tion of fruit and vegetables. Irrigation, however, is very costly. The land also is in danger of being flooded in times of exceptionally high water. To the south the coun- try rises rather abruptly to a height of 1,800 feet above the valley. The hills are very sparsely timbered with fir and bull-pine The soil is shallow, underlain with rock, and the surface stony with frequent rock exposures. The township is suited only for grazing purposes. Several mining claims have been staked though no mines were in operation at the time of the survey (June). The Iron Mask copper mine in township 19 has been worked to a considerable extent and extensive improve- ments made on the property. There are no stone quarries and no coal or lignite veins. Water-power could be develop?d on Thompson river at great expense. Hay is lacking except along the river flats mentioned above. Game is wanting. A limited quantity of fuel is provided by the timber on the southern tier of sections. — A. G. Stacey, D.L.S., 1907. Range 19. 20. This township is traversed by Kamloops lake, the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway and the wagon road from Kamloops to Savonas. On the northeast shore of Kamloops lake, comprised of lots 341, 342 and 343, is some excellent agri- cultural land irrigated by Tranquille river. With this exception all the country adjacent to the lake on either side is very hilly with frequent rock exposures. There is some scattered pine and fir, though much of the surface is open. These hills are suited only for grazing purposes. Copper has been found within the township and some mining has been done though none was in progress at the time of survey (August). Considerable gold dredging has been done near the mouth of Tranquille river.— A. G. Stacey, D.L.S., 1907. Range 20. 20. This township lies immediately to the south of Kamloops lake and is tra- versed by the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway and by the wagon road from Kamloops to Savonas. To the south of the lake in sections 13, 24, 25, 26 and 27 is some good bench land. The soil, though gravelly, is very productive when irrigated. In the vicinity of both Duffy and Cherry creeks excellent crops are obtained. At pre- sent the remainder of the bench land is used only for grazing purposes, chiefly as a winter range. It is unfortunate that water cannot be readily procured for this land since the character of the climate and the nature of the soil are favourable to the most successful culture of fruit and vegetables. To the west and south the country rises rapidly. The open bench land gives place to high wooded hills timbered chiefly with bull-pine though scattered fir occurs throughout, becoming more plentiful as the altitude increases. The timber averages about fourteen inches in diameter and is of fair quality, though the growth, in places is rather scattered. These hills are free from undergrowth and furnish good grazing lands. Towards the western boundary of the township the valley of Threemile creek furnishes a narrow strip of fine agri- cultural land in which several good ranches are located. Hay is obtained only by irrigation in the valleys of Cherry, Duffy and Threemile creeks. All the pands, lake- lets and small mountain streams seem to be alkaline though the water in Cherry, 358 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SIXTH MERIDIAN. Range 20 — Continued. Dufry and Threemile creeks is of fair quality. There are no water-powers, stone quarries, coal or lignite veins. An abandoned mine near the mouth of Cherry creek was the only indication of mineral seen. Fuel is plentiful. Game is scarce though deer, lynx, bears and cougars are occasionally seen near the southern boundary of the township.— A. G. Stacey, D.L.S., 1907. 21. The surface for the most part, covered with sage brush, is extremely rough, with much rock exposures. Bench land suitable for cultivation is confined to two or three very small triangular portions in sections 9 and 18. The hills furnish poor graz- ing lands. The timber is of very little value being small and very scattered. There ;:ro indications of mineral wealth in section 18. Copper is the ore found in greatest abundance in the locality. No hay, game, water-powers, stone quarries, coal or lignite veins were seen. The old government pack trail along the north shore of the lake is now very little used and is in poor state of repair. — A. G. Stacey, D.L.S., 1J07. Eange 21. 19. The provincial wagon read from Savonas, a town on the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway, to the Nicola valley crosses the township providing a splen- did means of access This township lies on a plateau on the divide between Thompson and Nicola rivers. With the exception of the eastern tier of sections the surface is undulating, timbered chiefly with jnckpine interspersed with a few spruce and fir. A number of alkaline lakes are located in the central portion of the township. The largest of these are Tunkwa lake and another designated lake A in sections 9 and 16. About the lakes in sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 20 and 21 are a number of open patches, some of considerable extent. The eastern tier of sections is very hilly and heavily timbered with a fair percentage of fir from one to four feet in dia- meter. The timber however is not very suitable for milling as it branches freely and grows only to a very moderate height. As the creeks are too small to float the mater- ial, considerable expense would also be incurred in hauling the timber or lumber to the railway. The township is well watered by the left branch of Threemile creek, numerous tributaries of the right branch in the southeastern part of the township, and Guichon creek in the southwestern portion. Both of these streams have a good flow of splendid water. The soil is a shallow loam and very stony. The country is admirably adapted for grazing. Summer frosts are frequent owing to the high alti- tude making the cultivation of ordinary vegetables and cereals impossible. There are no stone quarries, no hay meadows and no minerals of economic value, though prospectors have invaded the township in search of copper.. There are no water- powers. Ducks and geese are very plentiful on the lakes, attracting a great many sportsmen during the open season. — A. G. Stacey, D.L.S., 1007. 21. The portion^ of this township lying to the south of Kamloops lake is com- prised of hilly grazing land bearing considerable sage brush. Some excellent agri- cultural land is found in lots 367 and 368 near the mouth of Threemile creek where irrigation is possible. The country along the north shore is very rough with consi- derable rock exposure. The hills are sparsely timbered with fir and pine and suitable only for grazing purposes. In sections 13, 14 and 24 are a number of mineral loca- tions. Copper is the principal ore. These hills seem to be rich in mineral wealth, though no mines are at present being worked. Capital is needed both for the develop- ment of the mines and for the erection of a smelter, in the vicinity for treating the ore.— A. G. Stacey, D.L.S., 1907. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 359 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SIXTH MERIDIAN. Range 22. 16. This township is reached by way of an Indian pack trail leading from the Nicola valley to Mamit lake. The trail here follows the valley of Skuhun creek which crosses the southern part of the township. The country is very rough and hilly reaching an elevation of nearly 7,000 feet, above sea level. Sections 5, 6, 7 and 8 are covered with bull-pine and fir. Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11 and 12 are covered mostly with jackpine though a few firs are found near the east boundary of the township. In some sections large areas have been fire swept and are now very sparsely covered with small scattered jackpine from two to six inches in diameter. No stone quarries, min- erals.eoal or lignite veins were seen. Game consists of deer, lynx, bears and grouse. —A. G. Stacey, D.L.S., 1907. 20. Sections 35 and 36 are for the most part, open and very hilly, suitable for grazing. The bench land lying between the railway and the river is nearly level and is covered with a heavy growth of sage brush. There is some fire-killed timber along the river bank. The o^il appears to be good and would probably if irrigated, prove very productive. Irrigation, however, by means of water from Thompson river would be costly and could be made use of with advantage only by the installation of a large plant serving a much more extensive area. — A. G. Stacey, D.L.S., 1907. Range 23. 15. Nicola river, a good wagon road and a newly constructed line of the Canadian Pacific railway crosses this township. Most of the bottom lands in the river valley lie within Indian reserves though three fairly good ranches are located in this township, between the reserves. Skuhun creek crosses the northern part of the township. The valley of this creek is narrow and covered with bull-pine averaging twelve inches in diameter. Small patches along the stream could be cultivated. The surface, how- ever, is stony and the soil a mixture of sand and gravel requiring an abundance of water to render irrigation successful. A settler has located in section 36. The re- mainder of the township is very rough, hilly and covered with a forest of fir and bull-pine. A wagon road has recently been constructed from the Indian village at the mouth of Skuhun creek to the centre of section 27. No stone quarries, coal or lignite veins were seen. Copper ore has been discovered in section 35. Game consists of deer, coyotes, lynx and grouse. — A. G. Stacey, D.L.S., 1907. 16. The junction of Skuhost and Skuhun creeks occurs in section 1 of this township A settler has located on the southeast quarter of this section and made some small improvements. The section is covered with bull-pine and a few fir. The remainder of the township appears to be very rough and hilly. — A. G. Stacey, D.L.S., 1907. 20. This township which lies on a plateau, immediately to the south of Thompson river valley, is reached by a fairly good wagon road from Ashcroft. Barnes creek, a rapid stream of fine fresh water averaging about twenty links in width traverses the township from east to west, entering near the southeast corner and leaving by way of section 19. The surface is hilly with numerous rock exposures in the northern part of the township. Considerable open country is to be found in sections 9, 10, 11, 11, 15, 16, 22, 23, 34, 35 and 36. A splendid ranch irrigated from Barnes creek, is loca- ted in section 19. Another ranch in sections 27 and 34, irrigated by means of a small stream flowing north into Separating lake, was unoccupied at the time of survey. Fairly good bull-pine averaging twelve inches in diameter is found in sections 20, 64 and 35. Some large fir is located in sections 15, 21, 22, 25, 26 and 28. A thick forest of smaller fir averaging twelve inches in diameter covers the northern slope of 360 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SIXTH MERIDIAN. Range 23 — Continued. Barnes creek velley in sctions 8, 9, 17 and 18. Natural hay meadows are wanting though a few places good meadows could be developed at a moderate expense. The country is most suitable for grazing purposes. A small alkaline lake is situated in section 14 and another in section 22. There is also a chain of small lakes in sections 24, 35, 36, 26 and 25. No minerals, stone quarries, coal or lignite viens were seen. Considerable water-power could be developed in the western part of the township, on Barnes creek. Game consists chiefly of duck and geese, though deer are occasionally seen.— A. G. Stacey, D.L.8., 1907. 21. The portion of this township lying to the south of Thompson river is very rough and hilly with the exception of some bench land between the railway and the river in sections 12, 9 and 16. and a very narrow strip in section 6. This land is covered with sage brush and is valueless unless irrigation is employed. The soil is a deep rich clay. Thompson river apparently furnishes the only available source of water supply and irrigation from this source is costly. To the south the country rises continuously, changing gradually from prairie to a forest of pine and fir. The hills provide good grazing lands. — A. G. Stacey, D.L.S., 1907. Range S't. 20. Those portions of sections 29, 30, 31 and 32 lying outside of lot 406 and the Indian reserve are very hilly. The surface is prairie and the country suitable for gracing.— A. G. Stacey, D.L.S., 1907. Range 25. 17. Thompson river, the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway and the old Yale and Cariboo wagon road cross the southeastern part of this township Several good ranches are located along the river. Opposite the little town of Spence Bridge extensive apple orchards have been planted from which excellent returns are realized. Sections 14, 15, 22 and 23 are very hilly and with the exception of a few small patches of open eountry are covered with a forest of bull-pine and fir averaging fourteen inches in diameter. A few acres of improved land lie in the northwest quarter of section 23 and the southwest quarter of section 26. No stone quarries, minerals, coal or lignite veins were seen. — A. G. Stacey, D.L.S., 1907. 22. Bonaparte river and government wagon road into the Cariboo country cross this township. The rich bottom lands in the river valley constitute valuable ranching properties. In some places these lands are still covered with a dense growth of pop- lar, willow, alder and cottonwood. The hills, which are rocky and in some places precipitous, are covered with bull-pine and fir. Between the hills and the bottom lands are stretches of rolling, open country used as summer range lands. The river though rapid is not suitable for power development as the banks here are low and the valley lands too extensive. No stone quarries, coal or lignite veins were seen. Min- eral is plentiful in the northern part of the township where prospectors have located a great many claims. Copper is the mineral found in greatest abundance. Game is scarce and consists of coyotes, lynx, deer and grouse. — A. G. Stacey, D.L.S., 1907. 23. This township lies on the limit of the railway belt and is traversed by Bona- parte river and by the government wagon road into the Cariboo country to the north. The bottom lands in the river valley are occupied by ranches though some of this property is as yet covered with poplar, alder, willow and cottonwood. The hills on cither side are very rough and covered with a forest of fir and bull-pine. A huge TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS BRANCH 361 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25b TOWNSHIPS WEST OF THE SIXTH MERIDIAN. Bange 25 — Continued. exposure of limestone formation occurs in section 20. Mineral is plentiful in the southern part of the township. The Maggie copper mine has been developed to a considerable extent though the plant was closed at the time of (he survey. Small water-power could be developed on the river near the north boundary of the township. No stone quarries, coal or lignite veins were seen. Coyotes, lynx, deer and grouse are ocasioually seen. — A. G. Stacey, D.L.8., 1907. Range 26. 19. Valuable meadow lands forming a part of lot 1072 extend southward into section 31 of this township. Southward beyond this lot are situated two or three ranches, beyond which the valley narrows and the rich bottom lands disappear. The remainder of the township is probably very rough and hilly. The upper termination of Hat creek wagon road is in this township. — A. G. Stacey, D.L.S., 1907. 20. Some valuable ranching properties are located near the southwest corner of this township where the valley of Hat creek widens considerably. Smaller holdings ale found northward along the valley. The hills here are not very pronounced. They are sparsely timbered and are used as summer range lands, for which purpose they are admirably adapted. A good wagon road follows up Hat creek valley through this township.— A. G. Stacey, D.L.S., 1907. 21. The land suitable for cultivation in this township lies in the narrow valley of Hat creek and is for the most part, covered by an Indian reserve. The greater portion of the township forms part of a large plateau which appears to be very sparsely timbered. Large open stretches of good grazing land seem to be plentiful. The surveys in this township consisting of only one-half of section line en the east boundary of section 33, observations, concerning the character of the country, were made while journeying to township 19 by way of Hat creek wagon road. — A. G. Stacey, D.L.S., 1907. 22. This township is for tie most part very hilly. The narrow valley of Hat creek, which crosses the southeastern part of the township and along which a good government wagon road has been constructed, furnishes the only land suitable for cultivation, with the exception of a small area in section 6 and 7. Most of the land in Hat creek valley lies within an Indian reserve and is consequently not cultivated. The hills in the southern part are rough and covered with fir and bull-pine. Some limestone formation occurs in sections 5 and 8. Hat creek averaging about thirty links in width is a rapid stream of fresh water. No stone quarries, minerals, coal or lignite veins were observed. Game is scarce. — A. G. Stacey, D.L.S., 1907. Range 29. 2. In this township there is a valley about nine hundred feet above Franser river comprising parts of sections 20 and 27. This land has been overrun by fire and a dense young growth of willow, alder and fir has grown up over it. The hillsides throughout the township have been burned in most places so that there is little large timber left alive, although much dead timber is still standing. In section 22 and in the southwest quarter of section 27 there is some good land in benches suitable for growing fruit. This land is not hard to clear as the fire has made a much cleaner sweep than in section 26 and other parts of section 27. The month of August was very wet this year which even in this district is very unusual. There is a marble quarry in section 21 of this township. — A. W. Johnson, D.L.S., 1907. 25b— 24 Plate i. Roman Catholic Mission at Sturgeon Lake. Photo, by A. Saint Cyr. 25b— 25 Hudson's Bay Company's Trading Post at Sturgeon Lake. Photo, by A. Saint Cyr. Plate ir. Brule Lake and Bullrush Mountains. Photo, by A. Saint Cyr. Brule Lake and Bullrush Mountains. Photo, by A. Saint Cyr. Plate m. Roche Miette. Photo, by A: Saint Cyr. Ford across Athabaska River near Jasper House. Photo, by A. Saint Cyr H d < Plate vir. Stoue Cairn and Signal on Storm Mountain, B.C. Photo, by P. A. Carson. 25b-2G SKETCH OF FORD across the ATHABASKA RIVER 3 miles below Jasper House 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c A. 1909 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS INCLUDING FINANCIAL STATEMENT RELATING TO SEED GRAIN DISTRIBUTION OF 1908 IN THE PROVINCES OF SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA PRIXTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE KINGS MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1909 [No. 25c— 1909.] 8-9 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c A. 1909 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS INCLUDING FINANCIAL STATEMENT RELATING TO SEED GRAIN DISTRIBUTION OF 1908 IN THE PROVINCES OF SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA Regina, November 15, 1907. Hon. Frank Oliver, Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Dear Sir, — I am receiving from various parts of the province visited by early September frosts, representations setting forth the requirements of each district in the matter of securing governmental assistance in providing seed grain for the coming spring. As I am personally aware of the exact situation in many localities, I would strongly urge upon the federal authorities the advisability of adopting the same relief measures that they have on several former occasions since 1887 deemed necessary in order to tide over the present difficulty of obtaining good seed grain for those at present unable to pay for it. Will you kindly give this matter your earliest attention before too much of the grain is shipped forward to the lakes; besides the supply of good seed oats even now i> so limited that it is doubtful if there is sufficient within the province to meet its own requirements. I am forwarding for your information several copies of communications received on this subject. Yours faithfully, (Sgd.) W. R. MOTHERWELL, Commissioner of Agriculture. Arcola, November 2, 1907. Hon. W. R. Motherwell. Sir. — I suppose it is needless to inform you that our crops in this district have suffered severely with the frost and that there are a great number of our farmers who will have absolutely no seed for next spring. I am, therefore, writing you at the request of the members of the Arcola Agricultural Society, who have gone to a great deal of trouble to ascertain just what condition the farmers in the district are in in this respect. I estimate, therefore, that it will take at least 75,000 bushels of seed wheat to supply the farmers from Arcola to Forget. There are countless cases where 25c— 11 4 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 from 150 to 250 acres of wheat have been sown and where absolutely nothing market- able has been harvested. We have, of course, a large majority of farmers who are in a position to raise money on their land to purchase seed, but we have a large per- centage who are now heavily mortgaged and who will find it absolutely impossible to put in a crop next year without your assistance. We feel that this matter ought to be taken up at once by your department, as it would be a deplorable thing to have many thousand acres of our excellent land lying idle next season. Our society feels very strongly on this subject and feels confident that the interest you have always shown to us here will not be lost at this time. We are aware, of course, that it will be out of the question for your government to obtain first mortgages from the needy settlers; but we are of the opinion that it would be possible to pass legislation whereby your government would place a seed grain tax or something of that nature against the land, and although the same would not appear as a mortgage, still it might stand against the property as a special tax, and would appear on the tax register of the province as indebtedness which would be collectable any time after the first of October, 1908. I am aware, of course, that a suggestion of this nature would be of little benefit to you, as you yourself will be more familiar with methods of security which you would be able to obtain from an Act of legislature; but in the event of no easy method I believe it would be possible to have mortgage companies and others holding mortgages against the land to consent to have your lien or mortgage have precedence. The Canada Permanent Mortgage Corpora- tion holds upwards of 300 mortgages in this district, which were placed by myself, and I feel satisfied that they would consent to an arrangement of this nature. Of course it is quite possible that your government will not have sufficient funds available for this purpose to supply this and any other districts which may need your assistance, but we feel that the department at Ottawa ought to make you a loan for this purpose, and we are having Mr. Turriff, M.P., come to Areola within a few day= and intend taking this matter up with him. We already have his assurance that he will use his utmost efforts to have the department at Ottawa assist your government in this. I should like to have your reply stating your views, and if you think it would be advisable to send a representative to investigate this matter, we shall be glad to give him all the assistance in our power to have him come to a correct appreciation of the condition. Awaiting your early reply, I am. Tour obedient servant, (Sgd.) EOBEKT H. COOK. President Areola Agric. Soc. Saltcoats, November 9, 1907. Hon. Walter Scott, Kegina. Dear Sir, — In view of the fact that the majority of the farmers in the northern part of Saskatchewan have had a failure of the crop, and that there is very little available for seed, and also that many, especially new settlers, will not have the means to purchase seed — which would be a calamity — do you not think that measures should be taken at once, if possible, to arrange for a supply of good seed grain, to be distributed amongst those absolutely requiring it, those securing to give proper security for refunding the cost? Is it a matter for the Dominion or province? I have written Mr. Turiff. Yours truly, (Sgd.) THOS. MrXUTT. SEED GRAM IX SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Glenlogan P.O., via South Battleford, Sask., November 6, 1907. Hon. W. R. Motherwell, Dear Sir,— I have broken up a large portion of my homestead this summer, and owing to unforeseen circumstances I am not in a position to purchase seed for it next spring. Will you kindly advise me whether under the above conditions the government will give nre any assistance, there being no seed wheat in this district at all. Thanking you in anticipation of an early reply. I remain, yours sincerely, (Sgd.) P. ROWLAND. Ottawa, November 25, 1907. Hon. W. R. Motherwell, Minister of Agriculture. Dear Sir, — Yours of November 15 to hand with inclosures, copies of letters to yourself from Robert H. Cook, Thomas McNutt and P. Rowland. In this connection I beg to say that to my mind it would be well that there onould be a thorough and amicable understanding between the provincial and Dominion governments in regard to the distribution of relief seed before any commitments are made. It has been the custom for the Dominion government as being responsible for immigration, and as holding the ownership of the land until the sett.W acquires patent, to supply relief when the occasion required. As I understand it on the present occasion the destruction of crop rendering necessary the supply of relief seed has not, generally speaking, occurred amongst the settlers who could fairly be classed as immigrants or who are occupying lands to which they have not yet received or have not yet become entitled to patent. The Areola and Yorkton districts are amongst the oldest settlements in the province of Saskatchewan, and I am bound to assume that the people affected either hold their patents or are entitled to patents. In such a case it seems to me that the people cannot be classed as immigrants for whose position and condition the Dominion government is in any sense respon- sible, but must rather be considered as citizens of the province to whom the provin- cial government is responsible if any responsibility exists. Registration of liens on properly owned property rests with the provincial government, therefore any security taken for advances must be taken by and through that authority. If those are the circumstances. I would respectfully suggest that the government of Saskatchewan take full knowledge of the situation and provide means to meet it. I notice that Mr. Cook's letter has reference almost entirely to instances in which the people who have lost their crop are owners of their land, and the land is already under mortgage. Mr. McNutt's letter alludes to the northern part of Saskatchewan. My information is that there has not been a total failure of crop such as would warrant general relief measures in that section, while Mr. Rowland's letter states a case that I fancy neither the local nor Dominion government would be warranted in undertaking to meet. Yours very truly, (Sgd.) FRANK OLIVER. Executive Council, Saskatchewan, Regina, November 27. 1907. Hon. Frank Oliver, Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Dear Mr. Oliver, — As time goes on I continue to get applications for assistance from many parts of the province in the matter of obtaining seed grain for the coming 6 CORRESPONDENCE AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 spring. In my estimation the situation warrants the immediate attention of your department, particularly in the matter of securing seed oats. If the unfrozen seed oats in the country are permitted to go forward to the lake front I fear by spring it will be practically impossible to secure sufficient seed here for the requirements of the province. I would, therefore respectfully and strongly again urge upon you the needs of many unfortunate district- in Saskatchewan in this regard, and for your further information I am sending you herewith extracts from the correspondence of various parties relative thereto. Trusting that you will give this matter your personal attention. I am. yours faithfully, (Sgd.) W. R. MOTHERWELL, Commissioner of Agriculture. Ottawa, December 5, 1907. Hon. W. R. Motherwell. Minister of Agriculture. Regina, Sask. Dear Sir, — Yours of November 27 to hand with inclosures. I have no doubt that the situation is quite as serious as you say. and I think it would be unfortunate that it should culminate in disaster next season, as it may if not dealt with. At the same time, as stated in my former letter to you, it is not clear to me that the responsibility for dealing with the situation rests upon the Dominion government. So far as I am yet able to see that responsibility rests upon and may be most con- veniently discharged by your government. I shall be glad to be advised of the view taken by your government in regard to my former letter on this subject. Yours very truly, (Sgd.) FRAXK OLIVER. Ottawa, December 18, 1907. Hon. W. R. Motherwell. Commissioner of Agriculture. Regina. Sask. Dear Mr. Motherwell, — With regard to the applications that have been made for advances of seed grain on the part of the settlers in the province of Saskatchewan. who were unfortunate with their last season's crops, I may say that I find that it has not been the practice of the department in the past to make any distribution of seed grain to needy settlers in the province of Manitoba, when general distributions were made some years ago in the old territories. If you will look up the Revised Statute* of Manitoba you will see that Chap. 154 provides for the purchase of seed grain by municipalities, and also for the granting of advances of seed in unorganized districts This law has been in force since as far back as 1890, and I have no doubt that it has proved very satisfactory in its operations. Where the grants are made to settlers living in unorganized districts, special provision is made so that the matter may be dealt with through the municipal commissioner. It seems to me that the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta might well adopt a similar system in case it should be found necessary to advance seed grain to needy settlers in the spring. Yours faithfully. ( Sgd.) FRAXK OLIVER. Minister of the Interior. SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 1 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Executive Council, Saskatchewan, Regina, December 20, 1907. Dear Sir, — On iny return to the city I find your favour of the oth instant, already acknowledged by our Mr. Auld, awaiting my attention. I am pleased to note that your government and this government are at one as to the absolute necessity for some provision being made whereby seed be supplied to settlers in certain districts that are in temporary financial difficulty owing to the unusual weather conditions during the past season. Very many of these settlers are in good circumstances in the matter of real and personal property, and could borrow money and finance their own requirements, but for two unusual conditions that confront them at the present time — the financial stringency which makes it practically impossible to borrow, no matter how good the security; and the fact that in some districts suitable seed cannot be obtained locally even though money were available. In the latter districts it will be necessary to ship in seed from outside points; and this can be much better done by organized effort than by each farmer making individual inquiry and shipping his own seed in small lots. While the Federal government has always in the past recognized its obligations in the matter of providing seed grain for new settlers in similar circumstances on unpatented lands, and while I am free to admit that certain reasons may be advanced why the provincial government should take care of the older settlers whose lands are patented, I think that you cannot but agree with me that if two governments should engage in the distribution of seed with probably different methods of distribution and different methods of securing and collecting payments, it would almost inevitably lead to dissatisfaction and confusion. The necessity for assistance is not confined to portions of Saskatchewan alone, but it also exists throughout certain other portions 6"f the west, and it has assumed such proportions and significance that it seems to invite national rather than pro- vincial attention and aid. Furthermore, the Federal parliament, having jurisdiction in the matter of our public lands, grain trade, and immigration, seems to point to the conclusion that a crisis like the present in the west, in which all Canada is deeply concerned, should be taken care of by the Federal government, which has not only the necessary resources, but also the machinery to undertake the work promptly and to complete it efficiently. This department will be pleased to co-operate with your government in the way of securing information as to the requirements of the various districts, as to where good seed grain can be procured, and as to how it can be best distributed, and also in the other important matter of working out some practicable scheme whereby satis- factory security can be obtained for seed supplied to owners or tenants of patented lands. I shall be pleased to go to Ottawa early in February to confer with you on this large and important question if you think such a conference advisable to work out a prompt and satisfactory solution to the many problems involved. Awaiting your early reply, I am. Tours very truly. (Sgd.) W". R. MOTHERWELL. Commissioner of Agriculture. Ottawa, December 27, 1907. Hon. W. R. Motherwell, Commissioner of Agriculture, Regina, Sask. Dear Sib. — Yours of the 20th instant to hand regarding supply of seed grain. From all I can learn it is altogether desirable that a policy should be decided upon at 8 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 the earliest possible date. I would be glad if you would discuss the matter fully with your colleagues, and then would like to have the opportunity of discussing it with you, in January rather than February, as I would like either to be absolved fropa responsibility or to have every opportunity to discharge the responsibility satis- factorily. There should be a good deal of seed testing done, and there is not more than time to do it between now and seeding. The position we take is that our responsibility absolutely ceases once a settler has got his patent, and as it has already been pointed out to you, this view is accepted in Manitoba where arrangements are made by the province for the distribution of seed under circumstances such as are now before us. Yours faithfully, FRANK OLIVER. Ottawa, January 7, 1908. Dear Sir, — In further reference to your letter of December 20th in regard to relief seed grain, I have considered the matter very carefully and beg to assure you that the Dominion government not only has no desire to shirk any proper responsi- bility but is desirous as a matter of sound public policy of having all available land in the West cropped during the coming season. At the same time there are limitations which even governments must recognize. So far as I can see the Dominion accepts responsibility in regard to settlers on unpatented lands, but it cannot accept the same responsibility in regard to settlers on patented lands, because it has not the same means of discharging the responsibility in regard to them. I quite agree with you that it would be an unwarranted expense and compli- cation to have the Dominion and provincial governments carrying on a seed grain distribution at the same time, but the Dominion government cannot issue seed grain without security for its payment, and it is not in a position to take security on patented lands. If the provincial government will agree, however, I think it can be arranged that the Dominion government will purchase the grain, will arrange for its distribu- tion, will take the necessary security on unpatented lands, and will sell to holders of patented lands on the provincial government becoming security for the repayment, it to make such arrangements as it may see fit and as it is able to do with the person receiving the grain and holding the land. If your government will agree to this we will be in a position to at once begin arrangements for the purchase of grain to the amount necessary to meet requirements on both patented and unpatented lands. Until we hear from you, however, we will go on arranging for grain for distribution on unpatented lands only. There is not a moment to spare between now and seeding to meet the require- ments of the case. It is desirable, therefore, that we should hear from you definitely regarding the foregoing with the least possible delay. Yours very truly, (Sgd.) FRANK OLIVER. Regixa, January 7. 1008. Hon. Frank Oliver, Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Dear Sib, — In reply to your favours of December IS and 21. re seed grain, I beg to confirm my telegram which I sent you yesterday which read as follows : — 'Expect to leave here for Ottawa on the 13th January re seed grain problem.' In the meantime I am engaged in looking into the various phases of this many- sided ami very large question with the hope of being able to present to you and your SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTS 9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c government some feasible solution on my arrival at Ottawa. I was in Winnipeg last week in connection with this question and am in conference with some of the leading farmers of Saskatchewan relative to the matter. I am, yours faithfully, (Sgd.) W. R. MOTHERWELL, Commissioner of Agriculture. Ottawa, January 20, 1908. Hon. Frank Oliver, Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Dear Sir, — As intimated to you in my letter of the 7th inst., and wire of the previous day, I and my colleagues have prepared a statement of the seed grain situa- tion in the province of Saskatchewan as it appears to us, which statement is sub- mitted herewith in the form of a memorandum for your consideration and action. Yours very truly, (Sgd.) W. R. MOTHERWELL, Commissioner of Agriculture. MEMORANDUM BE SEED GRAIN LOAN TO THE FARMERS OF THE PROVINCE OF SASKATCHEWAN. Crop Conditions, 1907. — The winter of 1906-7 was unusually long and severe with heavy snowfall and a large amount of resultant moisture. These conditions together with prolonged low temperatures during the months of March and April brought about a very backward spring. As a consequence the great majority of the farmers of Saskatchewan did not commence seeding operations till towards the middle of May, a date that usually finds wheat seeding completed and germination well advanced. Throughout the growing season and even up till harvest, precipita- tion was copious except in a small portion of the southeastern part of the province. This, together with a marked absence of heat and sunshine so usual and necessary during the month of August, prolonged growth and retarded maturity till September 12, on which date a severe frost visited many localities and found much of the crop still uncut and indeed quite immature. Crop Produced, 1907. — Notwithstanding the conditions referred to above many favoured districts in the province where the rainfall was less and the soil lighter and warmer produced beautiful crops. As a consequence and especially owing to the high prevailing prices, the farmers in these regions have experienced a most profitable year. On the other hand, however, the producers residing in the extensive areas visited by frost before the grain had ripened, have experienced the worst season in the last two decades. The estimated crop area and yield therefrom for the whole province for the year 1907 is as follows: — Wheat. Oats. Barley. Area 2,000,000 acres. 772,000 acres. 60,000 acres. Yield 29,000,000 bush. 28,000,000 bush. 1,850,000 bush. Of the 29,000,000 bushels of wheat it is estimated that 10,000,000 bushels have graded 3 Northern or better, 9,000,000 bushels have graded ' Feed,' and the balance 4, 5 and 6 wheat. Of the 28,000,000 bushels of oats it is estimated that at least 75 per cent will grade ' rejected,' and though much of the crop is good plump feed oats it is entirely lacking in germinating qualities, and is therefore totally unfit for seed. 1C CORRESPONDENCE AMD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909- In addition to the damage by frost during the past season the damage done by hail was far in excess of that of any former year. This is evidenced by the fact that the provincial government in the administration of its system of government hail insurance has paid out in indemnities some $80,000 more than it received in pre- miums. In no former year has the loss to the province approached anything like this amount. Estimated Crop Area, 1908. — Basing the increase of acreage that will be prepared for this season's crop on the actual percentage of increase during the three years previous, it is estimated that the crop area of 190S will be in round numbers as follows : — Wheat 2,500,000 acres. Oats 1,000,000 " Barley 75,000 " Total Seed Required. — To seed the above area the farmers of the province will require five million bushels of wheat, two and a quarter million bushels of oats and two hundred thousand bushels of barley. Of these amounts it is estimated that farmers, owing to the conditions already referred to, will be required to purchase somewhere and somehow at least 2,000,000 bushels of wheat 1,500,000 bushels of oats, and practically all the barley needed for seed. Financial Situation. — It may be exceedingly difficult for those not conversant with the peculiar conditions now existing in Saskatchewan to understand why the suggestion should be made that the farmers of the West are in need of temporary- assistance, as a result of one partial crop failure and especially as the preceding ones for a number of years were so bountiful and of such uniform excellence. But the very prosperity that the succession of good crops brought about encouraged such development, expansion and investment in the many substantial and alluring enter- prises that abound in a young and rapidly growing province such as Saskatchewan, that practically all the accumulated earnings and profits of the people have been used in extending and improving their agricultural operations and therefore have not been laid by as a reserve for any contingency that might arise. While it may be said that a great majority of the farmers of Saskatchewan are in comfortable circumstances, still, owing to a peculiar combination of events, it is believed to be necessary to furnish many of them, by way of a loan, with the seed required for this season's crop. The partial crop failure of some regions and the almost total failure in others, together with the present world-wide financial stringency and the predisposition on the part of our farmers to enlarge and improve their agricultural holdings are some of the primary causes which have contributed to bring about the existing situation. While it is to be admitted that many reasons may be advanced to the effect that the provincial government should assume a]l responsibility in regard to seed grain advances or loans, it must be remembered that a large sum of money is involved and that the present time is not opportune for a young province such as Saskatchewan to approach the money markets of the world for the loan that would be required. Besides it is exceedingly important that the matter should be dealt with at once and for this reason even if it were admitted that the provincial authorities should assume all responsibility much valuable time would necessarily be lost in an endea- vour to arrange for the funds required. On the other hand, the farmers of Saskat- chewan cannot expect at present to secure the assistance they require from the various financial institutions operating in the West. Doubtless a number of these institu- tions are. or will be prepared to relieve the situation to some extent, but it cannot be expected that any assistance they may render will reach any considerable number of persons and particularly- those in need of such assistance. Under the circumstances it would appear to be the duty of the Federal government to provide whatever funds SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c are needed for the purpose and to take such steps as may be necessary to secure the repayment thereof. Estimate of Seed to he Provided. — As no actual canvas has been made to ascer- tain the quantities of seed that will have to be distributed, it is only possible to make an estimate. The whole problem has been carefully investigated and considered from various standpoints and the conclusion has been reached that if the lands of the pro- vince which will be ready for this season's crop are to be seeded it will be necessary to purchase and distribute by way of loan the following quantities of the various cereals, viz. : 1,200,000 bushels of wheat, 1,200,000 bushels of oats and 200,000 bushels of barley. It is estimated that these are the minimum quantities that will be required. Quantity of Seed, &c. — In securing the seed needed it is exceedingly important that a number of matters should receive careful consideration. In the first place it is imperative that all seed should be of the highest class procurable consistent with reasonable expense. As far as practicable all seed should pass the inspection of Chief Inspector Home and should be thoroughly cleaned, sacked and labelled under the strict supervision of his staff. Especial care should be taken to see that the grain is free from noxious weed seeds and with this object in view, it should, if arrangements can possibly be made, be put through warehouse cleaning plants. In case it is found impossible to secure the necessary supply of seed oats and barley' in western Canada the wisdom of seeking supplies of first-class seed of moderately early maturing varieties in Britain — preferably in northern Scotland — is worthy of consideration. Freight Rates. — In order to keep down the cost of seed to the farmer and because of the direct interest railway companies have in the crops of western Canada it would not appear unreasonable to expect these companies to provide transportation west of Fort William free of charge, and in case it is found necessary to import seed from eastern Canada or elsewhere the railways in view of all the circumstances, should be willing to reduce their present rates east of Fort William by 50 per cent. Responsibility of Provincial Government. — If upon consideration of the circum- stances herein mentioned the Dominion government does not see its way clear to assume the entire responsibility of collecting from the farmers the loans advanced them, it would seem that this duty must fall upon the provincial authorities. It is assumed, of course, that the federal government will protect itself in so far as the owners of all unpatented homestead lands are concerned. As regards all others it will doubtless be necessary for the provincial legislature to pass at its next session such legislation as may be required to secure advances made. In case it is finally decided that the province must bear its share of the respon- sibility for repayment of loans, then it should have a corresponding supervision over all matters pertaining to the selection, purchase, cleaning and distribution of seed. While it is recognized that it is desirable to have the whole problem administered by one authority in order to prevent confusion and misunderstanding, it is equally important and desirable that the provincial authorities should have in addition to the supervision above alluded to, a careful check on all expenditures. These are details that can doubtless be satisfactorily arranged upon consultation of the representatives of the governments interested. Urgency of Action. — In view of all the circumstances herein set forth it is exceedingly important that the whole problem should be dealt with immediately. The seed required should be secured as quickly as possible and all arrangements for its distribution should be made in ample time to have it reach the farmers' hands by April 10 at the very latest; as the light snow fall and mild winter in Saskatchewan are both pereursors of an early spring. 12 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Conclusion. — While it may not be generally thought so, the problem herein discussed is probably the most serious one that has ever confronted the people of Saskatchewan. Unless solved satisfactorily it would result in a tremendous loss not only to western Canada, but to the whole Dominion as welL Consequently it is believed that the problem has assumed a national character, and that being the case, the hope is expresssed that it will be dealt with as such. Within the limited powers at its disposal the provincial government stands ready to render any assistance of which it is capable. In the event of this admittedly important far-reaching problem being satisfac- torily solved and adjusted then the temporary check to development that some portions of the province have suffered as a result of last season's unfavourable climatic con- ditions, may, by the importation of new and suitable varieties of coarse grain and the establishment of a more stable and diversified system of farming, be seized upon as the opportunity of laying a surer foundation upon which to build up an even more successful and more permanent system of agriculture than has been. (Copy.) A letter written on official paper of the Minister of Agriculture, Alberta, was received in the Minister's office, Department of Interior, January 6, 1908. As the original was not signed it has been handed to the Deputy Minister of Agriculture for Alberta, Mr. Harcourt, to take back to Edmonton for signature, and the following copy put on the file pending receipt of signed letter. (Sgd.) J. B. H. (Copy.) Edmonton, December 30, 1907. Hon. Frank Oliver, Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Dear Sir, — My department is just in receipt of intimation from Mr. W. D. Scott, Superintendent of Immigration, that your department is prepared to issue a reason- able amount of seed grain to needy settlers in Alberta who were homesteaders, and asking to be furnished with a list of sucli settlers as have made application for seed grain, or are known to be in need of same. I am indeed pleased to know that your government are preparing to supply seed grain in this way, because frost did general damage to wheat, oats ; nd bailey in the portion of the province lying north of Calgary. In this district, not only the homesteaders but a great many of those who have obtained their patents are going to be in a bad way for seed grain, because, like the homesteaders, they are unable to pay for it. In other cases again there is abso- lutely no seed grain in the district, and all farmers, whether poor or rich, will hr.ve to buy seed grain. The whole question presents a very difficult situation to deal with. Were the local government to purchase grain for seed purposes there would very likely be some confusion arising from the fact of the two governments distributing =ame. I have, therefore, to suggest the rdvisability and desirability of your department undertaking the work of supii'yrng' seed grain to all farmers actually need ng it, whether they have already obtained their patents or not, or have purchased land from the railway companies. With regard to supplying a list of such settlers as have jaade application for seed grain advances, or are known to be in need of seed grain. I will be pleased to take steps to have you supplied with same, and I may say further in this connection that my department will be pleased to co-operate with your department, or assist in SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c any way it can, in ascertaining the names of those farmers who are actually in need of seed grain. Trusting you will be able to give this matter your favourable consideration, and wishing you a very happy and prosperous New Year. I am, yours very truly, MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE. (Copy.) Ottawa, January 8, 1908. Dear Sm, — Yours of December 30 to hand regarding seed in Alberta. I am afraid that Mr. Scott has somewhat misunderstood the position so far taken by this government. We are seeking information as to the conditions. In case we find that action looking towards the issue of relief seed is necessary we would wish to consult with the Alberta government as to what responsibility or share of responsibility your government would assume. Although the Dominion government has in other instances issued seed grain in the West it was before there was provincial organization and it does not seem now that there is provincial organization that the responsibility should rest upon the Dominion. On the other hand, settlers who have not yet received patent for their land are not in a position to give security for advances of seed grain made them except under arrangement with this government as to liens upon their homesteads. Unless the need of seed grain is very great and very widespread I would strongly urge that the provincial government take full charge and responsibility for the pur- chase and distribution of relief seed, this government merely making the necessary arrangement to secure the advances by liens on homesteads for which patents had not been issued. As the time intervening between now and spring is little enough to make arrange- ments if seed is to be supplied on any large scale, I would be glad to hear as definitely as possible from you as to what view your government is prepared to take. Mr. W. D. Scott is now in the west and has instructions to visit Edmonton and discuss the subject personally with the Alberta government, but Mr. Scott has no authority to make any arrangements. He is merely in the west for the purpose of getting information. Should it be the case that settlers who have received their patents are in need of relief seed it would be impossible for this government to take security from them for any advances made. Therefore under any circumstances the responsibility would have to rest upon the provincial government so far as relief seed on unpatented lands was concerned. Yours very truly, (Sgd.) PRANK OLIVER. (Copy Canadian Pacific Railway Company's Telegraph.) Edmonton, Alta., January 11, 190S. Hon. Frank Oliver, Ottawa. Has any further decision been reached re seed grain by letter December thir- tieth; season advancing; anxiously awaiting answer. W. T. FINLAY. 14 CdRUEsI'DXDEXCE AX1> PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 (Copy.) • Telegraph.) Department of the Interior, Ottawa, January 14. Hon. W. T. Finlay, Edmonton. Alta. Wrote you reply on Sth instant. F. OLIVEK. Ottawa, January 23, 1908. Hon. Frank Oliver, Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — I have been appointed by the government of the province of Alberta to lay before you certain conditions which exist in the province at the present time with regard to seed grain and the need there is for immediate action of some kind for supplying farmers and homesteaders with sufficient grain to seed their land. This unfortunate situation is due to the peculiar climatic conditions which prevailed throughout the province during the past year and which have been fully and accurately set forth in the memorandum laid before you by representatives of the Saskatchewan government on the 20th inst. Those portions of the province growing winter wheat were able to get this crop off with comparatively little damage, but in that portion of the province lying to the north of Calgary great damage was done to all spring-sown crops, many fields never being cut at all. While practically all the grain was more or less damaged by frost, oats suffered most severely. There are very few farmers north of High River that will have oats of the 1907 crop that are safe to sow. It is estimated that in addition to the grain of the 1906 crop still in farmers' hands, together with such as may prove suitable for seeding of the 1907 crop, there will be required for seed 100,000 bushels of spring wheat, 450,000 bushels of oats, and 100,000 bushels of barley. The Saskatchewan memorandum of the 20th inst., accurately sets forth the financial situation as well as the necessity for immediate action of some kind. The further views expressed in this memorial are in accord with the situation in Alberta. It is lfoi>ed, therefore, that in view of these extraordinary conditions, your govern- ment will interest itself in the matter. Tours respectfully, (Sgd.) GEO. HARCOURT. . (Copy.) Ottawa, January 24, 1908. Memorandum : Mr. Oliver. — When I was in Winnipeg I interviewed Hon. R. P. Roblin, Premier for Manitoba, regarding seed wheat for that province. Mr. Roblin, after going care- fully into the matter with me, advised me that he was making inquiries through the municipalities and would advise me later on. I attach herewith his telegram in which he intimates that the municipalities will be given power to deal with the matter. (Sgd.) W. D. SCOTT. .$'££7* ORAM l\ SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c (Copy — Canadian Pacific Railway Company's Telegraph.) Winnipeg, Man., January 24, K>08. W. D. Scott, Immigration Agent, Ottawa, Ontario. Provision will be made vesting authority in municipal councils to provide all seed necessary for farmers who may require it in this province. (Sgd.) R. P. ROBLIN. ' '"/'.'/ — Telegram. Ottawa, January 22, 1908. To each of the following: — Sir Thomas Shaughnessy, F. W. Thompson, Ogilvie Milling Company, Robert Meighen, Lake of the Woods Milling Company, Montreal — I shall be obliged if you will favour me with any information you have as to need of seed grain in Manitoba and Northwest. If your company is making any arrangement to supply seed I should be glad to have information of that also. (Sgd.) W. S. FIELDING. Copy — Telegram. Montreal, January 22, 1908. Hon. W. S. Fielding, Ottawa. Sir Thomas Shaughnessy is out of town until to-morrow. Mr. Whyte, our second vice-president, now in Ottawa, is fully conversant with subject of your telegram, which have repeated to him. He will doubtless communicate with you. E. ALEXANDER. Copy — Telegram. Montreal, January 23, 1908. Hon. W. S. Fielding, Ottawa. On his way west Mr. Whyte stopped at Ottawa and had full discussion seed grain matter with Minister of Interior and representatives of Saskatchewan and Alberta. It has not been the intention of the company at any time to provide seed grain, but Mr. Whyte was authorized to promise low rates for carrying it to points on our line. It is my impression that the largest quantity will be required at points on the Canadian Northern, but Minister of Interior probably fully informed about this. T. G. SHAUGHNESSY. Copy — Telegram. Montreal, January 22, 1908. Hon. W. S. Fielding, Minister of Finance, Ottawa. Telegram received, writing you fully to-day. F. W. THOMPSON, Commissioner of Agriculture. 16 CORRESPONDENCE AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 The Ogilyie Flour Mills Co., Ltd., The Honourable W. S. Fieldlxg, Minister of Finance, Ottawa. Dear Mr. Fielding, — Answering your telegram to-day, I will say that according to the information I have, the requirements for seed, outside of those who already have their seed now in hand, will approximate one million bushels of wheat, a large quantity of oats and some barley. The large proportion of this, I understand, is required in the territory served by the Canadian Northern Railway. As a matter of fact, Sir Thomas Shaughnessy told me Saturday night last that, according to the replies received from all points on their system to which they had sent inquiries, something less than 200,000 bushels would be required for their lines. As to our own company, I may say that we are not making any arrangements to supply seed, and frankly I do not see how we could very well do so. I, of course, would be glad to render any assistance possible, but I personally think that this question of providing seed is one with which the local government must deal through their own organizations. The question may, of course, arise as to their ability to provide the necessary funds. If they are unable to do so, might I suggest that the Dominion government assist them financially, a precedent for this having been established many years ago under somewhat similar conditions; the only difference being that the Northwest Territories, at the time I speak of, were not organized, but were under federal control. The purchases of seed at that time were made through the Dominion Lands offices, and the distribution made through their organization. In my judgment, no individual or company could undertake to perform a service of this kind satisfactorily to all concerned, altogether apart from the question of financing it. I fully recognize the importance of providing good seed for the farmers of the Northwest, where it is absolutely required. It is not advisable to take chances on sowing low grade or frosted wheats, the germinating quality of this wheat being so inferior to sound wheat. Besides, poor seed inclines to develop a weak plant, which is naturally unable to withstand the vicissitudes of the weather. In closing. I may say that there are now in store at Fort William and Port Arthur the following quantities of wheat suitable for seed : — 35.000 bushels No. 1 Hard. 550,000 " 1 Northern. 1,350,000 " 2 Northern. 1,400,000 " 3 Northern. A portion of these grades have been purchased for milling purposes, but I have no doubt a sufficient quantity could be obtained for seed requirements, although it is difficult to locate the ownership of this grain. In addition to the above there is undoubtedly a fair quantity of similar grades in interior elevators, owned by the different elevator companies who are operating principally for export. Detailed information in respect to this could, I think, be obtained privately from Mr. Castle, the warehouse commissioner at Winnipeg. If there is any further information which I can obtain for you with respect to this subject I shall only be too pleased to place the services of our organization at your disposal. Yours faithfully, (Sgd.) F. W. THOMPSON. SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Montreal, January 22. Hon. W. S. Fielding, Minister of Finance, Ottawa. Have wired our Winnipeg office for full particulars, will reply to you later. ROBERT MEIGHEN. Lake of the Woods Milling Company, Montreal, January 22, 1908. Hon. W. S. Fielding, Minister of Finance, Ottawa. Dear Sir, — I received at noon to-day your telegram as follows : — ' Shall be obliged if you will favour me with any information as to need of seed grain in Manitoba and North, if your company is making any arrangement to supply seed. I shall be glad have information on that also.' To which I replied : — ' Have wired our Winnipeg office for full particulars. Will reply to you later.' I wired our Winnipeg office the following: — ' Have received following telegram from Honourable W. S. Fielding, Finance Minister, Ottawa:' 'Shall be obliged, &c.' 'Wire me full particulars as to fore- going.' I now inclose you our General Manager, Mr. G. V. Hasting' reply, which speaks for itself. Our company would be very willing to assist in any way it possibly could in supplying seed to the farmer, but you can readily understand at the moment we have no high grade wheat to spare and the Grain Act is very stringent. We do not think that in distributing the seed grain we could conform to the Grain Act. Yours very truly, (Sgd.) ROBERT MEIGHEN. President, Lake of the Woods Milling Co. Copy — Telegram. Winnipeg, Man., January 22, 1908. Robert Meighen, President, Lake of the Woods Milling Co., Montreal. Message received. Manitoba will not require seed wheat. The northern part may want seed oats. Saskatchewan, north of Qu'Appelle river and east of South Saskatchewan river, will likely require seed oats and wheat. Southern Alberta has sufficient seed in that district both wheat and oats. Northern Alberta wants both. Will likely get wheat from Moosejaw district or Regina line north of Lumsden. There will be more trouble in getting good oats for seed than either wheat or barley. We cannot spare any good wheat and on account of Seed Grain Act would not advise promising any supply for that purpose. Opinion here is that any wheat number five or over which is fairlv plump will do for seed. GEO. V. HASTINGS, General Manager, Lake of the Woods Milling Company, Ltd. 25c— 2 18 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Copy. The Canada Malting Company, Ltd., Toronto, Ont., January 21, 1908. 1 1 "ii. W. S. Fielding, Minister of Finance, House of Commons, Ottawa. Dear Sir, — We were pleased to learn of the proposed action of the government to take up the question of the supply of seed grain to the farmers of the western pro- vinces. Newspaper reports of the discussion in the House indicated that it was considered seed wheat and seed oats were only needed, but our experience in handling the western barley this year in malting operations would indicate that the germinating qualities of the barley had also been seriously impaired. For the western farmer to continue the policy of mixed farming and rotation of crops it will be necessary for him to sow barley of good germinating quality in order to obtain satisfactory results from his crops. Those who handle Canadian barley for use in this country are very much interested in having a satisfactory quality of barley grown in the west, and there is, furthermore, always a good export demand for all western barley that is suitable for malting purposes. We have already forwarded this year some Ontario barley to the west for seeding purposes. If the government decide to act in the matter we would be very glad and would co-operate in any way possible for the supply of a further quantity which may be needed for seeding next spring. We might mention that we would not take this matter up with the idea of making a profit in supplying seed, but simply to insure the quality of the western barley being maintained at the standard existing before last year's crop. Tours truly, (Sgd.) W. L. MATTHEWS. The Canada Malting Co.. Limited. Minister or Finance, Ottawa, January 24, 1908. Dear Sir, — I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 21st instant on the subject of seed grain for the Northwest, which will have due consideration. Yours faithfullv, (Sgd.) W. S. FIELDING, Minister of Finance. W. L. Matthews, Esq., Canada Malting Company, Toronto. The Ogilvie Flour Mills Co.. Limited. Montreal, January 27, 1908. Dear Mr. Fielding. — I was very much pleased to have a call from Mr. Castle on Thursday last, with whom I had a very frank and interesting conversation. He was with me for over two hours and we thoroughly threshed out the question of supply- ing the farmers in the Canadian Northwest, who are unable to obtain requirements for themselves, with seed grain. I thought it would strengthen your hands to know, from a firm like ours, whose business it is to know from day to day the conditions in the Northwest, that we thoroughly concur in the action the government is taking in this matter, and I SEED GRAIN l\ SASKATCHEWAN l\ I) ALBERTA 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c personally believe the government could not have put the carrying out of this matter in more capable hands than Mr. Castle's. 1 can quite understand that however judiciously this matter is handled, there will be more or less unfair criticism, but you may rest assured that the matter will be carried out by Mr. Castle to the very best advantage and in a thorough businesslike and straightforward manner. With a view to accomplishing the end which the government has in view, I have given instructions to all our grain buyers and elevator people throughout the Canadian Northwest to place their services at Mr. Castle's disposal wherever required, and I also assured Mr. Castle that he could at all times rely upon our cordial co- operation. Hon. W. S. Fielding, Minister of Finance, Ottawa. Believe me. &c, (Sgd.) F. W. THOMPSON. Copy. Ottawa, January 28, 1908. Dear Mr. Thompson, — I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 27th instant on the subject of the need of seed grain for the Northwest. I beg to thank you for the information that you have furnished and for your kind assurance of co-operation in any efforts the government may make to meet the difficulty. Yours faithfully, (Sgd.) W. S. FIELDING. F. W. Thompson, Esq., The Ogilvie Flour Mills, Montreal. Ottawa, January 25, 1908. Hon. Frank Oliver, Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — From the conversation which we had with you this morning it is under- stood that you wish to have the memorandum already submitted by the representa- tives of Saskatchewan and Alberta supplemented by further statements regarding certain matters involved in the problem of seed grain advances. In the first place we may state that the memorandum referred to may be regarded as sitting forth the views of the provincial governments concerned except in so far as amended by the statements or suggestions contained herein. Upon further consideration of the question as to the quantities of seed grain to be supplied we have respectively arrived at the conclusion that arrangements should be completed to distribute in Saskatchewan 1,200,000 bushels of wheat , 1,200,000 bushels of oats, and 200,000 bushels of barley, and in Alberta 100,000 bushels of wheat, 450,000 bushels of oats, and 100,000 bushels of barley. In reference to the administration problem you will remember that our first suggestion was that it should be transferred to a board of three commissioners especially appointed for the purpose and that the board should have the assistance and advice of the officials of both the Dominion and provincial governments. However, as it was pointed out that much valuable time would undoubtedly be lost in arranging for the appointment of such a board and as the board itself, if appointed, would be certain to meet with vexatious delays in securing an adequate 25c— 2J 20 CORRESPONDENCE AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 stuff, we concur in the conclusion reached that the problem must be dealt with immediately by either the provincial or Dominion authorities making use of such machinery as already exists and is available. In view of the fact that the solution of the problem involves the purchase and distribution of over three million bushels of grain before April 10 next, and the expen- diture of about $3,000,000, it is imperative that immediate action should be taken. The whole question is so involved and complicated and there is such a multiplicity of detail to be attended to at once that any delay in setting the machinery to work may result in a hopeless failure to meet the situation. It may be argued with a good deal of force that the duty of handling the problem which is largely local in its nature should rest solely on the provincial authorities. Still it must be remembered that the vast army of homesteaders who have poured into Western Canada during the past three or four years and who have not as yet secured the patents for their lands, are, in a sense, wards of the Dominion government. Heretofore they have always been regarded as such and when they required assistance or relief it has been their custom to look to the Dominion authorities. To this extent, therefore, it would appear to be the duty of the Dominion government to interest itself directly in the matter and thereby continue the general policy that has been pumied for many years. It must therefore be admitted that so far as homesteaders are concerned the Dominion should accept the whole responsibility. The homesteader, however, is not the only person requiring assistance in the way of seed grain. Owing to a peculiar combination of circumstances which now exist for the first time in the history of Western Canada thousands of farmers who have their patents must also be temporarily accommodated with seed. Doubtless the responsibility of providing for these, rests at the door of the provincial governments and that responsibility they are prepared to assume. Then again, it may be asserted that notwithstanding any direct responsibility that the federal authorities may have in the matter it would be preferable to transfer that responsibility to the provincial authorities on the ground of local interest and on the understanding that the provinces would be amply secured, for advances made to homesteaders. Under certain circumstances such an arrangement would be quite satisfactory, but it is submitted that owing to existing conditions this plan could not be seriously considered. As already pointed out, ' time ' is of the very essence of the problem in hand. A few weeks ago it was not thought that the need of our farmers was so widespread. In fact it was confidently expected that it would be largely if not altogether confined to residents on unpatented lands. While it was generally assumed that many of our older settlers were short of cash there was good reason for believing that the banks and the loan companies and other financial institutions would come to their relief when the prevailing shortage of money sufficiently disappeared as it was recently hoped it would. For this reason and on account of the presumably larger interest of the federal authorities in the matter, no active measures were taken by either provincial government to create an organization capable of administering the prob- lem. For some weeks past the officials of the provincial departments of Agriculture have been actively engaged in securing the fullest reliable information regarding the situation, and this information has been transmitted to the Minister of the Interior, who it was assumed would take charge of the distribution of the seed needed, thereby carrying out the general policy that had been inaugurated many years ago and acted upon on several occasions. Such was the situation when we arrived in Ottawa about a week ago. And as it i« now generally recognized, and we think rightly so. that there is not a moment to be lost in setting the machinery to work to deal with the problem, it appears to ns that such machinery as is now available should ho utilized. In discussing the matter with you and your officials the conclusion was reached that in any event it would be necessary to employ your land agents, sub-land agents, the officials of your SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c emigration branch, the officials of the grain inspection branch of the Department of Trade and Commerce, the grain warehouse commissioner and his staff and the officials of the seed branch of your Department of Agriculture. Doubtless the Dominion would be willing to instruct all these officials to assist the provincial authorities in dealing with the purchase and distribution of the grain, but there are reasons which appear to us to be obvious which make such a course impracticable, the danger of friction from the divided allegiance required being the most apparent. We are therefore of the opinion that it is advisable for the Dominion authorities to assume the undivided responsibility of handling the whole problem upon such terms and conditions as are eventually agreed upon by the governments concerned. Other- wise it will be necessary for the two provincial governments to create separate organizations especially for the purpose. At this late stage it seems to us that such an alternative should not be seriously considered owing to the fact that its adoption would in all probability involve such loss of time as to render the successful solution of the problem impossible. The question of finance and security will be discussed in a later memorandum after we have an opportunity of seeing the Minister of Finance with whom you have been good enough to make an appointment for a meeting on Monday. Yours very truly, (Sgd.) GEO. HAECOUET, For the Province of Alberta. (Sgd.) J. A. CALDEE, For the Province of Saskatchewan. Ottawa, January 27, 190S. Hon. Frank Oliver, Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — We inclose herewith copy of letter to-day addresssed by Uo to Mr. Fielding. We also desire to reiterate the views already expresssed by us as to the acceptance by the government of the Dominion of the responsibility of the administration of the seed grain problem subject, however, to the terms and conditions mutually agreed upon with regard thereto. The necessity of this seems to us all the greater after the further very serious consideration which we have given to the matter as a result of the very full discussion had with you and Mr. Fielding this morning. While in the main agreeing that the views advanced on behalf of sole provincial manage- ment are, if the homesteaders were eliminated from consideration, logically accurate, we think that on further consideration of the practical side of the question it will be admitted that the course suggested by us is the only available solution of the difficulty of administration and if not adopted we fear there is exceedingly great danger of the situation not being satisfactorily met or the contemplated relief failing of its purpose. From the very outset it was understood that there should be uniformity in admin- istration, that two sets of machinery should not be put into operation and had we known that there was any possibility of the Dominion government insisting upon the provincial authorities accepting the whole responsibility of administration we would have made our arrangements accordingly. We submit therefore that at this late date and on account of the necessity of immediate action the view indicated by us should be adopted. Tours very truly, (Sgd.) GEO. HAECOUET, For the Province of Alberta, (Sgd.) J. A. CALDEE, For the Province of Saskatchewan. 22 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909' Ottawa, January 27. 1908. Hon. W. S. Fielding, Minister of Finance, Ottawa. Sir, — Having had an opportunity of discussing the question of financing the seed grain problem with Mr. Oliver and yourself to-day, we now at your suggestion put in writing what we understand, as a result of the conversation, to be the minimum of security which you will consider for the repayment of any moneys advanced for the required purpose. It is estimated that there will be required the following sums : — (a) For the province of Alberta the sum of $550,000. (.6) For the province of Saskatchewan the sum of $2,300,000. It is also estimated that of these amounts there will be required for advances to homesteaders the sum of $110,000 in Alberta, and $475,000 in Saskatchewan. And as it is assumed your government will take all responsibility with regard to advances to homesteaders, these latter amounts may be deducted from the amounts already mentioned, leaving $440,000 required for advances in Alberta, and $1,825,000 for advances in Saskatchewan. We therefere, in accordance with the suggestions already referred to, make appli- cation for an advance by the government of Canada, to the government of Alberta of the sum of $440,000 and to the government of Saskatchewan of the sum of $1,825,1 H II I, such amounts to be advanced in the manner and at the times to be arranged when the question of the administration of the fund is finally agreed upon. We - agree on behalf of our respective governments to repay the amounts in accordance with the arrangement to be hereafter completed within one year from the date of the advances together with interest thereon at the rate of 5 per cent per annum until paid. We also agree in case of non-payment within the year, the amounts loaned to the respective provinces shall be a first charge on all subsidies, grants, allowances, or other moneys which may from time to time be owing by the Dominion to the provinces respectively. We also agree if this proposition is accepted to procure an Order in Council from our respective governments authorizing the entering into of this arrangement. For the reasons already stated in the correspondence we can accept no responsi- bility with regard to advances to homesteaders. As you have intimated that some days may unavoidably elapse before the necessary authority can be obtained to enable you to make payment of any sum of money for the purchase of grain we woiild ask that steps be taken as quickly as possible to secure options upon say 800,000 bushels of wheat. 100.000 bushels of barley and as much oats as it will be possible to secure. Yours very truly, (Sgd.) GEORGE HARCOFRT. For the Province of Alberta. (Sgd.) J. A. C ALDER. For the Province of Saskatchewan. (Copy.) Russell House, Ottawa. January 28, 1908. Hon. W. S. Fieldixu. Minister of Finance, Ottawa. Sir, — I have wired the government of Alberta asking to be given authority to enter into this agreement on their behalf and have signed it subject to the authority being granted. Yours truly. (Sgd.) GEORGE HARCOrRT. SEED QRAI& IX SASKATCHEWAN AXD ALBEltTA 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c CERTIFIED copy of a report of tiie Committee of the Privy Council, approved by His Excellency the Governor General on the 80th January, 1008. On a memorandum, dated lioth January, 1908, from the Minister of Finance, stating that a serious situation exists in the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta in regard to the supply of good grain suitable for seeding purposes for the spring's sowing of 1908. This statement is based on representations sent to the government by members and officers of the provincial governments of Saskatchewan and Alberta and is supported and continued by officers of the Department of Interior and of Agriculture. The difficulty, according to the information furnished, has arisen through the character of the season of 1907. Owing to a late spring and consequently delayed seeding operations; owing to, in many places continued and prolonged moisture which prevented the early ripening of the crop, and owing to severe frosts affecting the crops in a large portion of these two provinces, the crop of grain is such that in many sections it is wholly unlit for seeding purposes, or is such as would make its use for seeding purposes very inadvisable, and if it is used the crop returns for next season would be imperilled. It is stated that in certain areas the crop has been abundant and fully matured and is quite satisfactory for seeding purposes, but according to information from the officers of the Seed Division of the Department of Agriculture who have made tests of many samples of the grain, there are other areas in which there is practically no grain lit for the seeding operations of the spring of 1908. In regard to wheat it has been found that there is probably a sufficient quantity of seed wheat, of fair quality and good vitality, in the country, although there are sections where it is short. In regard to oats, however, the situation is much worse. There are not enough oats in these two provinces to-day, really fit to be used as seed, to meet the require- ments of the coming spring's sowing. This lack is tbe more difficult to be dealt with from the fact that there is a very large quantity of oats that are plump and heavy and which, to the ordinary examination, appear to be quite good seed grain, but when tested for germinating quality are absolutely lacking in the necessary vitality. There is great danger that these oats will be used by farmers who do not appreciate this difficulty and have no means themselves of testing their seed grain. If such seed should be used the crop of oats of the coming season would be reduced to such an extent that it would be a disaster to the country. In regard to barley, there is also practically no good seed barley in the country. The Minister observes that, unless prompt action is taken to cope with this situation, the grain crops of the coming year of the two provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta will probably be most seriously reduced, and he believes it to be the duty of the public authorities to take immediate steps to avert what would be a disaster affecting the welfare of the whole Dominion. If action should be delayed until the period of the year in which farmers generally arrange for the purchase of their seed grain, it would be impossible for the farmers of these two provinces, by any individual effort, to secure good grain for their spring seeding. What good grain there may be now in the country is constantly moving towards the markets for con- sumption, and the supply in the country would be depleted before that period of the year. The test of seed grain takes some little time and the staff of the Department of Agriculture, which alone is able to do this work thoroughly, would not be able, in the rush of the spring applications, to meet the demands of the farmers for a proper and sufficiently general test of their seed. ITnder the circumstances above outlined it is essential that the seed that is used the coming spring by the farmers of these provinces should be tested so that its quality may be assured. The Minister, therefore, submits that it is necessary that steps be taken to secure as soon as possible an adequate supply of seed wheat, seed oats and seed barley; 24 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 that this grain should be bought as soon as may be, subject to a test to be carried on by the officers of the Seed Division of the Department of Agriculture, and that this grain should be held available to the farmers of these provinces for seeding purposes next spring, and distributed to them in such manner as may be found most convenient and effective. The Minister also desires to point out that, while many of these farmers are in a good financial standing, it may be found in numerous instances that they will not have the cash available this winter or spring to meet the cost of their seed. This is due largely to the very prosperity of the country which has been maintained during the last few years. The farmers of the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta have, until this season of 1907, been so well satisfied with the profits and results of their agricultural operations that they have hastened to invest their surplus cash and earn- ings in their business, in the way of the purchase of more land, more implements, more stock, and more buildings, and many of them have not laid by for such an unforeseen contingency as has occurred this year. It is true that where the crop has been saved in good condition, prices have been so high that these farmers have reaped a very good return for their season's work ; but in the cases where the seed grain is lacking the farmers have not been able to secure the returns during this season which their success of the last few years might have reasonably entitled them to expect, and the result is that these men, for whom this provision is now proposed to be made, are very short of money and cannot pay cash down for their grain. It is, therefore, felt to be necessary that arrangements His Excellency the Governor General in Council. The Minister would further submit that the season of 1907 has been so excep- tional in its character, and the failure of the crops, in the various sections of the west hereby to be assisted, has been so unexpected in every way, that a condition of affairs has arisen there which calls for extraordinary action to meet the situation. The Minister observes that, apart from the question of any responsibility that may be said to rest upon the Dominion government as respects the settlers who occupy homesteads under the Dominion Lands Act, the duty of making provision for such supply of seed grain might properly fall upon the governments of the pro- vinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. The Minister realizes, however, that under present financial conditions the resources of these provincial governments are unequal to the demands of the occasion. Under favourable conditions the provincial govern- ments could probably arrange to obtain the requisite advances from Canadian banks. But while there are signs of improvement, the situation is not such as to warrant a belief that the Canadian banks could be relied on to provide the necessary funds. The provinces, having been but recently organized under their new constitutions, have not yet had time to establish their credit in the money markets of the world. The Minister therefore feels that if this urgent need of seed grain is to be promptly met it will have to be through the co-operation of the Dominion and provincial govern- ments. The Minister therefore recommends as follows: — • 1. That a supplementary estimate for the current fiscal year be forthwith sub- mitted to the House of Commons asking for the following appropriations:— (a) To provide seed grain for homestead settlers in the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan; the cost of said grain to be repaid by the settlers with in- terest at the rate of five per centum per annum and until repayment, to be a lien or charge upon the lands of the settler held under homestead entry $ 585,000 (6) Advances to the government of the province of Alberta for the purchase of seed grain for settlers. . . . 440,000 (c) Advances to the government of the province of Sask- atchewan for the purchase of seed grain for settlers. . 1,825,000 SEED GRAIi l\ SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c 2. That the sale and distribution of seed grain to homestead settlers be made under such regulations as may be made by the Minister of the Interior, approved l>y His Excellency the Governor General in Council. 3. That before any advance for such purpose shall be made to the government of the province of Alberta the Minister of Finance shall require and obtain a duly certified copy of an order in council, approved by His Excellency the Lieutenant Governor of the said province, authorizing the government of the province to borrow from the government of Canada the said sum of $440,000, and agreeing that if the said sum or any part thereof which may be advanced be not repaid to the Dominion treasury on or before the thirty-first day of March, 1909, together with interest at the rate of five per centum per annum, the same shall thereupon become a charge upon any subsidy, allowance, grant or money wbich for any purpose whatsoever may at any time thereafter become payable by the government of Canada to the govern- ment of the said province; and that the government of Canada may appropriate such -portion or portions of any such subsidy, allowance, grant or money as it may deem necessary or advisable towards the repayment of such sums and interest; and engaging to recommend to the legislature of the province at the earliest opportunity the enactment of a law approving and confirming such order in council. 4. That before any advance for such purpose shall be made to the government of the province of Saskatchewan the Minister of Finance shall require and obtain a duly certified copy of an order in council approved by His Honour the Lieutenant Governor of the said province authorizing the government of the province to borrow from the government of Canada the said sum of $1,825,000, and agreeing that if the said sum, or any part thereof which may be advanced, be not repaid to the Dominion treasury on or before the thirty-first day of March, 1909, together with interest at the rate of five per centum per annum, the same shall thereupon become a charge upon any subsidy, allowance, grant or money which for any purpose whatsoever may at any time thereafter become payable by the government of Canada to the govern- ment of the said province; and that the government of Canada may appropriate such portion or portions of any such subsidy, allowance, grant or money as it may deem necessary or advisable towards the repayment of such sum and interest; and engaging to recommend to the legislature of the province at the earliest opportunity the enactment of a law approving and confirming such order in council. 5. That, inasmuch as immediate action appears to be necessary to obtain the requisite quantity of seed grain at reasonable rates, the Minister of the Interior be authorized, pending the appropriation of funds by parliament, to take whatever steps may be deemed proper to secure options on the quantity of grain required, or any part thereof, such options to be exercised subsequently if parliament makes the necessary appropriations. The committee submit the same for approval. AT THE GOVERNMENT HOUSE AT OTTAWA. Thursday, 6th Day of February, 1908. present : His Excellency The Governor General in Council. His Excellency the Governor General in Council is pleased to approve and doth hereby approve of the following Regulations respecting the purchase, sale and distri- bution of grain to homestead settlers in the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan which have been made by the Minister of the Interior in pursuance of the order in council of the 30th January, 1908, respecting the distribution of seed grain to settlers : — 26 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Regulations Respecting the Purchase, Sale and Distribution of Seed Grain to Hume- stead Settlers in the Provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. 1. All purchases of grain in Canada shall be made by the Warehouse Commis- sioner of the Department of Trade and Commerce, C. C. Castle, hereinafter called ' The purchasing agent,' and all purchases outside of Canada shall be made by the purchasing agent under the advice, when it is practicable to obtain the same, of the Seed Commissioner of the Department of Agriculture, G. H. Clark. 2. Wheat shall be bought through the ordinary channels of the grain trade at current prices, from day to day at western receiving elevators, at Winnipeg, in transit to Fort William, at Fort William or elsewhere, subject to official grade and weight by proper officers of the Grain Inspection and Weighing Branch of the Department of Trade and Commerce: Grades 1 and 2 Northern only shall be pur- chased if sufficient of these grades can be procured, but, if not, No. 3 Northern may be purchased from receiving elevators or in transit at Winnipeg, but not in terminal elevators: Grade No. 4 wheat niay, if necessary, be purchased wherever it can be purchased, having due regard to its .suitability for seed purposes, its grading and cleanliness, but should only be purchased in the event of there not being sufficient of the other grades procurable. 3. Oats shall be purchased through the ordinary channels of the grain trade at western receiving elevators, at Winnipeg, in transit to Fort William, at Fort William or elsewhere including eastern Canada, and shall be of grades Nos. 1, 2 and 3 White oats, as inspected and weighed by the Dominion Grain Inspection and Weighing Officials, provided, however, should such purchases be made subject to a test as to vitality a fixed advance on the market price from day to day may be arranged for by the purchasing agent at his discretion. 4. Barley shall be purchased as in the case of oats and wheat and may also be purchased in eastern Canada, and shall be of grades Nos. 2, 3 extra and 3. 5. Where practicable grain may be purchased in car lots direct from farmers to Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta at current prices from day to day. subject to official grade and weight. 6. All possible precaution shall be taken to have all seed purchased free from smut, noxious weed seeds and other varieties of grain, and with this object in view all such grain shall, if found necessary, be recleaned as thoroughly as possible at such warehouse cleaning plant as can be secured for this purpose. 7. Inspection, cleaning and recleaning shall be done under the direction of the purchasing agent by the Grain Inspector of the Department of Trade and Com- merce, David Horn, assisted by such officers as may be appointed for the purpose by the governments of the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, respectively. 8. The seed testing branch of the Dominion Department of Agriculture under the direction of the said Seed Commissioner, assisted by such officers as may be appointed for the purpose by the governments of the provinces of Alberta and Saskat- chewan respectively, shall make tests for the purpose of ascertaining the vitality of all seed grain purchased in the west or elsewhere, whenever the same may in the judgment of the Seed Commissioner be necessary and practicable. 9. All grain shall be sacked after recleaning according to its grade by inspection on receipt into store, and each sack shall be distinctly marked with the kind and grade of the grain contained therein, and all such sacks shall be sewn. 10. All grain purchased by the purchasing agent shall, if necessary, be cleaned, and if stored shall be stored according to its inspected grade in a cleaning elevator at such point or points as he may determine, at such rate or rates for storage, insur- ance, &c, as the purchasing agent may agree with the owner or owners of such clean- ing elevator: and all grain shall be shipped for delivery by the purchasing agent on the order of the officer in charge of the central distributing office at Regina herein- after mentioned. SEED GRAIN lb SASKATCHEWA* AND ALBERTA 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c 11. The purchasing agent shall purchase and provide the necessary sacks ; arrange freight charges subject to any agreement as to freight rates madi by the Minister with the railway companies ; certify to weighing and inspection charges, and make all other necessary arrangements for shipment and delivery of the grain as provided in the next preceding clause of these regulations. 12. A homestead settler or homesteader in these regulations shall mean a person occupying under a homestead entry, and who has not received a recommendation for a patent. The price charged for seed grain to homestead settlers shall be the estimated average cost thereof at the point of delivery, such cost to include storage, commission, premium, insurance, sacking, freight and all other proper charges, but not the cost of administration necessary in connection with the matters herein provided for, and in the case of oats imported and oats and barley brought from eastern Canada said settlers shall be charged the actual cost thereof including price paid, cost of sacking, freight, cost of cleaning, storage, commission, insurance, and all other charges exclusive of the said cost of administration. 13. The purchasing agent shall, before any seed is distributed, furnish the officer in charge of the central distributing office at Eegina with a statement of the estimated average cost or actual cost as provided in the next preceding clause of each class and grade of grain to be supplied, and such average cost shall include the price paid for grain, the cost of cleaning, storage, commission, premium, insurance, sacking, freight and all other proper charges, and in arriving at such average and actual cost, respec- tively, the purchasing agent shall take into account the shrinkage or loss arising from cleaning or otherwise, and the proceeds of all screenings or cleanings which he is hereby authorized to dispose of to the best advantage. 11. All matters relating to the purchase and transportation of seed grain not herein provided for shall be in the discretion of the purchasing agent. 15. No application shall be received or accepted from any one applicant for more than 200 bushels of seed grain, including wheat, oats and barley. Every applicant shall be required to state the proportion or quantity of each kind of grain he may desire ; provided that no applicant shall apply for more than 50 bushels of barley. Except as in this clause provided no seed grain shall be supplied to homestead settler* who had sown no crop in the season of 1907. nor to homestead settlers whose crop for the season of 1907 was marketable and gave a reasonable return, although not suitable for seed; provided, however, if it is found after all applications have been received that there is more seed grain purchased than is needed to meet applications for advances, sales may be made to such settlers for cash at the same prices as are charged to other applicants. 16. Forms of application shall be furnished by the Minister to the secietary- treasurers of local improvement districts and municipalities, Dominion lands agents, sub-land agents, immigration officials, homestead inspectors, members of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, secretaries of agricultural societies and grain growers' associations, and Alberta farmers' associations, and no applications for any seed grain advance shall be accepted unless made on the form so supplied. 17. Homesteaders resident in local improvement districts and rural municipalities shall sign and execute their respective applications before the secretary-treasurer of such districts and municipalities upon the forms provided for in the preceding clause. 18. Such secretary-treasurer shall issue and deliver to the applicant a receipt for the application, which receipt shall be retained by the applicant and presented to the railway agent when delivery is made as proof of identification of the applicant in case the application is approved and accepted in whole or in part. 19. There shall be established at Eegina and Edmonton central offices in charge of officers appointed by the Minister and each of these officers shall at such central office receive the applications of homesteaders for seed grain made out on the forms hereinbefore referred to. Applications from homesteaders within the province of Sas- katchewan shall be forwarded to the officer at Regina. and applications from home- 28 CORRESPOXDEKVE AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 6teaders within the province of Alberta shall be forwarded to the officer at Edmonton. The central office at Eegina shall be the office from which distribution for the two provinces shall be directed, and all applications received at the Edmonton office and approved in whole or in part, shall, as soon as practicable, be forwarded to the officer in charge of the central distribution office at Eegina. 20. Applications shall be made out in duplicate, one copy of which is to be sent forthwith by the secretary-treasurer to the respective officers at the central offices referred to, to the end that an estimate be speedily made of the total amount of seed grain required for each province, and that it may be ascertained whether the appli- cant is a homesteader. 21. The duplicate copy shall be retained by the secretary-treasurer and be by him submitted on a day fixed to the council of the local improvement district or rural municipality for its approval, modification or rejection. 22. When applications have been dealt with by the councils referred to they shall be transmitted to the central offices at Eegina and Edmonton. 23. The officer in charge of the central distributing office at Eegina shall receive all applications approved as herein provided; shall give orders to the purchasing agent for the shipment of seed grain, and shall make all arrangements for the taking of the lien contemplated by these regulations. 24. Homesteaders residing outside of local improvement districts who wish to make application for seed grain shall make application to the Dominion lands agent, sub-land agent, homestead inspector, immigration official, or member of the Eoyal Northwest Mounted Eolice, in the district in which the applicant resides, and such officer shall perform the duties assigned to the secretary-treasurers and the councils of local improvement districts and municipalities as herein provided. 25. The secretary-treasurer of a local improvement district who receives applica- tion shall be entitled to a fee of 25 cents for each application, and for such fee the secretary-treasurer shall be expected to take the declarations therein provided, and to perform all other work required to be done by them in accordance with these regulations and the instruction issued from time to time. 26. Every reasonable precaution shall be taken to endeavour to supply persons residing in the same locality with the same grade and quality of each class of grain. 27. Homesteaders shall be required upon delivery of seed grain to give security for the repayment of the same as hereinbefore set out, such security to be in the form, as nearly as may be, in Schedule A of these regulations, but slight deviations therefrom shall not vitiate such security. 28. Wherever in these regulations ' the Minister ' is referred to, the Minister of the Interior is intended. The administration of these regulations and of all matters pertaining to the purchase, sale and distribution of the seed grain to be provided for the homestead settlers referred to, whether approved for in these regulations or not, shall be carried out under his supervision and direction. Schedule ' A ' attached. ETTDOLPHE BOUDEEATT, Clerk of the Privy Council. SCHEDULE ' A.' Lien No I, , the homesteader of the land hereinafter described, and whose Fost Office address is do hereby acknowledge the receipt from the Minister of the Interior of Canada of advances to the value in all of dollars being for seed-grain delivered by him or hi* agent to me. a* follows: — Bushels Wheat at. $ Bushels Oats at $ Bushels Barley at $ SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c And I do hereby agree to pay the said amount of dollars to the said Minister of the Interior of Canada, or his successors in office, on or before the first day of March, 1909, with interest thereon at the rate of five per centum per annum from the date of these presents and that until the payment thereof is made the said amount shall be and remain a first lien and charge upon my homestead, being the quarter of Section Township Range west of the Meridian : And I do further agree that neither I nor my heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, shall be entitled to the issue of letters-patent for my said homestead, until the said amount, with all interest thereon, has been fully paid and satisfied, but that if the said Minister, or any of his successors in office, shall see fit to issue letters-patent for my said homestead the said amount shall continue to be and remain a first lien and charge thereon. Signed at this day of A.D. 1903. Witness ] Having been first read over and }- explained before execution I- To Wit : I of in the J Province of make oath and say : — ■ (1) That I was personally present and saw named in the within instrument, duly sign and execute the same for the purposes named therein. (2) That the same was so executed at (3) That I am a subscribing witness thereto; (4) And that I know the said party. Sworn before me at ] in the Province of this |. . . day of A.D. 1908. J A Commissioner for talcing oaths, &c. Ottawa, February 3, 1908. Dear Mr. Oliver, — The order in council respecting advances for seed grain in the Northwest having been approved by His Excellency the Governor General, I shall submit to the House to-day a supplementary estimate for the purpose of asking parliamentary authority for such appropriation. In the case of an amount so large as is involved in this transaction, it is not expedient that any engagement for the actual purchase of grain should be made until the sense of parliament can be taken on the proposal. However, having regard to the urgency of the case and the desirability of securing the grain promptly at a reasonable price, I think you would be quite justified in authorizing Mr. Castle to take immediate steps to secure options on the grain in whatever form and manner may be most convenient and economical. Tours faithfully, (Sgd.) W. S. FIELDING, Minister of Finance. Hon. Frank Oliver, Minister of the Interior. Ottawa. 30 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Copy of an order in council agreed to be passed by tlie Provincial Governments of Alberta and Saskatchewan, as a condition of advances mentioned in the Order of His Excellency in Council of the 80th January, 1908. (Copy.) Finance Department, Ottawa, Canada. February 3, 1908. ALBERTA. Memorandum as to Provincial Orders in Council. Preamble to be in whatever is the usual form, and order to provide, — ■ That, for the purpose of obtaining funds for the purchase of seed grain for settlers, the Provincial Treasurer be authorized to receive from the government of Canada by way of loan on the credit of the province the sum of four hundred and forty thousand dollars, or such part thereof as may be required for the purpose stated; that the province agrees to repay to the government of Canada any sum so advanced, together with five per centum per annum interest thereon, on or before the thirty-first day of March, 1909 ; that if any part of said sum and interest shall remain unpaid on the said date the same shall thereupon become a charge upon any subsidy, allowance, grant, or money which for any purpose whatsoever may at any time there- after become payable by the government of Canada to the government of the province ; that the government of Canada may appropriate such portion or portions of any such subsidy, allowance, grant or money as it may deem necessary or advisable towards the repayment of such sum and interest; and further, that the government of the province engages to recommend to the legislature of the province at the earliest opportunity the enactment of a law approving and confirming the o.der in council. Finance Department, Ottawa, Canada. February 3, 1908. SASKATCHEWAN. Memorandum as to Provincial Orders in Council. Preamble to be in whatever is the usual form, and order to provide, — That, for the purpose of obtaining funds for the purchase of seed grain for settlers, the Provincial Treasurer be authorized to receive from the government of Canada by way of loan on the credit of the province the sum of one million eight hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars, or such part thereof as may be required for the purpose stated; that the province agrees to repay to the government of Canada any sum so advanced, together with five per centum per annum interest thereon, on or before the thirty-first day of March, 1909; that if any part of said sum and interest shall lemain unpaid on the said date the same shall thereupon become a charge upon any subsidy, allowance, grant or money which for any purpose whatsoever may at any time thereafter become payable by the government of Canada to the government of the province ; that the government of Canada may appropriate such portion or portions of any such subsidy, allowance, grant or money as it may deem necessary or advisable towards- the repayment of such sum and interest; and further, that the government of the provinces engages to recommend to the legislature of the province a1 the earliest opportunity the enactment of a law approving and confirming the order in council. SEED G'A'.l/.Y /.\ SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Memorandum of agreement between the Honourable Frank Oliver, Minister of the Interior, of the Dominion of Canada, hereinafter called ' The Minister,' and George llnrcourt, Deputy Minister of Agriculture of the Province of Alberta, on behalf of said province, and hereinafter called 'the Deputy Minister,' entered into this seventh day of February, 1908. Whereas the government of Canada and the government of the province of Alberta recognize that a serious situation exists in a portion of the said province in regard to the supply of good grain suitable for seeding purposes for the season of 1908; And whereas the deputy minister on behalf of the government of- the said pro- vince has made application to the government of Canada for an advance of $440,000 for the purchase of seed grain for settlers other than homesteaders residing in the said province, and the government of the said province has by order in council of date February 6, 1908, authorized the said provincial treasurer of Alberta 'to receive on its behalf by way of loan the said sum; And whereas the Minister of Finance of Canada as a result of such application, and by authority of an order of the Governor General in Council of date January 30, 1908, has submitted to the House of Commons a supplementary estimate for the current fiscal year to provide for the said advance to the province of Alberta; And whereas by order of the Governor General in Council of date February 6, 1908, regulations have been approved for the purchase, sale and distribution of seed grain to homestead settlers by the minister, a copy of which regulations is Schedule A to this agreement ; And whereas the same conditions as to the need of seed grain in the province of Saskatchewan prevail in some sections thereof; and an advance by way of loan is being arranged for from the government of Canada to the government of the said province for the same purpose in the province of Saskatchewan as is hereinbefore set out with regard to the province of Alberta ; and an agreement similar in terms to this agreement between the Minister and the Commissioner of Agriculture for the said province is being entered into contemporaneously herewith ; And whereas it is desirable that the purchase, sale and distribution of all seed grain should be administered uniformly and therefore that the same regulations so far as is practicable should govern the distribution of seed grain to the holders of patented as well as unpatented lands; And whereas owing to the near approach of the seeding season it is imperative that there should be the least possible delay in arranging for the distribution of the seed required so far as the same can be provided : Therefore it is agreed by the Minister and by the Deputy Minister as follows: — 1. The said regulations shall, the necessary changes being made, apply in every respect to the purchase, sale and distribution of seed grain to all approved appli- cants, other than homesteaders, in the province of Alberta; and copies of all instruc- tions issued by the Minister, for the carrying out of such regulations shall be furnished by the Deputy Minister : Provided, however, that where provision is made herein for the doing of anything and ihe same is inconsistent with the said regula- tions the provisions of this agreement shall prevail. 2. The words ' homestead settlers ' and ' homesteaders ' in this agreement shall mean persons occupying under homestead entry, and who have not received recom- mendation for a patent. 3. The officials appointed by the Minister to carry out the said regulations shall act as agents for the government of Alberta in securing and supplying seed to all approved applicants in the province other than homesteaders, and such officials shall from time to time as required report to the Minister of Agriculture of said province on any matter relating to the purchase, sale and distribution of seed grain. 4. The officials of the several branches of the public service of Alberta shall render every possible assistance to carry out the provisions of this agreement. 32 CORRESPONDENCE AM) PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909. 5. Whenever the said loan of $440,000 to the province for the purchase of seed grain is authorized hy the Parliament of Canada it is hereby agreed on behalf of the government of Alberta, which agreement in this behalf shall he ratified by the Lieutenant Governor in Council that the said sum or such part thereof as may be required shall be paid from time to time by the Minister of Finance of Canada to such person as may be designated by the minister to be by such person applied in payment of purchases of seed grain and otherwise for the purposes of carrying out the intention of these presents. 6. An officer shall be designated and appointed by the minister to be approved by the Minister of Agriculture of the province of Alberta who shall be the officer to whom payments by the Minister of Finance under the next preceding paragraph are to be made and it shall be the duty of such officer to make all disbursements under this agreement and said regulations and to furnish complete accounts of the same to the respective government on whose behalf such disbursements are made. Such officer shall, whenever practicable, obtain vouchers for all disbursements, and all vouchers and books of account connected therewith shall be open to audit and inspection by the auditors of the respective governments on whose behalf such disbursements are made. 7. Salaries of all officials employed by the governments of Canada, Saskatchewan and Alberta for the purpose of purchasing, selling and distributing seed grain under these presents and said regulations shall be paid respectively by the government of which such official is the appointee and shall not be chargeable to the sum appro- priated by the government of Canada or loaned by the government of Canada to the said respective provinces for the purchase, sale and distribution of seed grain. 8. An account of the fees chargeable by the secretary treasurers of local improve- ment districts under said regulations shall be kept hy the officer in charge of the central distributing office referred to in the said regulations and the said fees in respect of the applications of homesteaders shall be paid by the officer in charge of disbursements mentioned in paragraph 8 of this agreement and debited to the govern- ment of Canada account, but the same shall not form part of the costs of administra- tion within the meaning of ' costs of administration ' in these presents. The fees payable on applications made by others than homesteaders shall be payable by the respective governments of the respective provinces in which such applicants reside. 9. The cost of the grain as defined in regulation 12 of Schedule A charged appli- cants to whom delivery has been made shall for the purposes of accounting be debited to the government of Canada in the case of homesteaders, and debited to the govern- ments of Saskatchewan and Alberta respectively in the case of applicants other than homesteaders within the respective provinces. 10. All the costs, charges and expenses incurred in connection with the purchase, sale and distribution of seed grain, and which are not embraced in the last three preceding paragraphs, shall be regarded as costs of administration to be paid in the first instance out of the moneys available for the purchase, sale and distribution of seed, grain, and when the said distribution is completed and such costs, charges and expenses ascertained, a division of the same shall be made, and the liability of each government in respect thereof shall bear the same ratio to the total cost of adminis- tration which the cost of seed grain debited to each government as set out in the next preceding paragraph bears to the total cost of the same to the three governments concerned. The amount payable by the said province of Alberta in respect of said costs of administration shall be paid forthwith on being ascertained to the officer mentioned in paragraph 6. 11. Applicants other than homestead settlers who are advanced seed grain shall be charged therefor at the same price as is charged homestead settlers under the said regulations. 12. The Minister shall give due notice to the Minister of Agriculture of the said province of the person or persons appointed by him to take security for the repay- ment of all advances of seed trrain to homesteaders and upon the approval of the said SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Minister such person or persons shall be held to be authorized to act as agent for the government of Alberta in the like capacity. 13. Before seed is distributed to persons other than homesteaders, the applications of such persons shall be approved by or under the direction of the government of Alberta. 14. The Minister shall continue and conclude the negotiations now being carried on with the railway companies concerned respecting the cost of freight, storage and delivery of grain, and shall, when a final agreement is reached, transmit a copy thereof to the said Minister of Agriculture of Alberta. In witness whereof the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands the day and year first hereinbefore written. Signed in the presence of : W. E. Motherwell. FRANK OLIVER, Minister of the Interior. GEO. HARCOURT, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Alberta. Memorandum of agreement between the Honourable Frank Oliver, Minister of the Interior, of the Dominion of Canada, hereinafter called 'the Minister' and the Honourable W. B. Motherwell, Commissioner of Agriculture of the Province of Saskatchewan, on behalf of said province, and hereinafter called ' the Commis- sioner,' entered into this seventh day of February, 1908. Whereas the government of Canada and the government of the province of Saskatchewan recognize that a serious situation exists in the said province in regard to the supply of good grain suitable for seeding purposes for the season of 1908; And whereas the Provincial Treasurer of the province of Saskatchewan, on behalf of the government of the said province, has made application to the govern- ment of Canada for an advance of $1,825,000 for the purchase of seed grain for settlers other than homesteaders residing in the said province, and the government of the said province has by order in council of date February 4, 1908, authorized the said Provincial Treasurer to receive on its behalf by way of loan the said sum; And whereas the Minister of Finance of Canada as a result of such application and by authority of an order of the Governor General in Council of date January 30, 1908, has submitted to the House of Commons a supplementary estimate for the current fiscal year to provide for the said advance to the province of Saskatchewan; And whereas by order of the Governor General in Council of date February 6, 1908, regulations have been approved for the purchase, sale and distribution of seed grain to homestead settlers by the Minister, a copy of which regulations is Schedule ' A ' to this agreement ; And whereas the same conditions as to the need of seed grain in the province of Alberta prevail in some sections thereof, and an advance by way of loan is being arranged for by the government of Canada to the government of the said province for the same purpose in the province of Alberta as is hereinbefore set out with regard to the province of Saskatchewan and an agreement similar in terms to this agreement between the Minister and the Deputy Minister of Agriculture for the said province is being entered into contemporaneously herewith; And whereas it is desirable that the purchase, sale and distribution of all seed grain should be administered uniformly and therefore that the same regulations so far as is practicable should govern the distribution of seed grain to the holders of patented as well as unpatented land; 25c— 3 34 CORRESPONDENCE A.YZ> PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 And whereas owing to the near approach of the seeding reason it is imperative that there should be the least possible delay in arranging for the distribution of the seed required so far as the same can be provided; Therefore, it is agreed by the Minister and by the Commissioner as follows: — 1. The said regulations shall, the necessary changes being made, apply in every respect to the purchase, sale and distribution of seed grain to all approved applicants, other than homesteaders, in the province of Saskatchewan, and copies of all instruc- tions issued by the Minister for the carrying out of such regulations shall be furnished to the Commissioner; provided, however, that where provision is made herein for the doing of anything and the same is inconsistent with the said regulations the pro- visions of this agreement shall prevail. 2. The words ' homestead settlers ' and ' homesteaders ' in this agreement shall mean persons occupying under homestead entry, and who have not received recorn- mendation for patent. 3. The officials appointed by the Minister to carry out the said regulations shall act as agents for the government of Saskatchewan in securing and supplying seed to all approved applicants in the province other than homesteaders, and such officials shall from time to time as required report to the commissioner on any matter relating to the purchase, sale and distribution of seed grain. 4. The officials of the several branches of the public service of Saskatchewan shall render every possible assistance to carry out the provisions of this agreement. 5. Whenever the said loan of $1,825,000 to the province for the purchase off seed grain is authorized by the parliament of Canada it is hereby agreed on behalf of the government of Saskatchewan, which agreement in this behalf shall be ratified by the Lieutenant Governor in Council, that the said sum, or such part thereof as may be required, shall be paid from time to time by the Minister of Finance of Canada to such person as may be designated by the minister, to be by such person applied in payment of purchases of seed grain, and otherwise for the purpose of carrying out the intention of these presents. 6. An officer shall be designated and appointed by the Minister, to be approved by the Commissioner, who shall be the officer to whom payments by the Minister of Finance under the next preceding paragraph are to be made, and it shall be the duty of such officer to make all disbursements under this agreement and said regulations, and to furnish complete accounts of the same to the respective governments on whose behalf such disbursements are made. Such officer shall, whenever practicable, obtain vouchers for all disbursements, and all vouchers and books of account connected therewith shall be open to audit and inspection by the auditors of the respective governments on whose behalf such disbursements are made. 7. Salaries of all officials employed by the governments of Canada, Saskatchewan and Alberta for the purpose of purchasing, selling and distributing seed grain under these presents and said regulations, shall be paid respectively by the governments of which such official is the appointee, and shall not be chargeable to the sum appro- priated by the government of Canada or loaned by the government of Canada to the said respective provinces for the purchase, sale and distribution of seed grain. 8. An account of the fees chargeable by the secretary treasurers of local improvement districts and rural municipalities under said regulations shall be kept by the officer in charge of the central distributing office referred to in the said regulations, and the said fees in respect of the applications of homesteaders shall be paid by the officer in charge of disbursements mentioned in paragraph 6 of this agreement and debited to government of Canada account, but the same shall not form part of the costs of administration within the meaning of 'costs of administra- tion ' in these presents. The fees payable on applications made by others than home- steaders shall be payable by the respective governments of the provinces in which such applicants reside. 0. The cost of the grain as defined in regulation 12 of Schedule A charged applicants to whom delivery has been made shall for the purposes of accounting be SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c debited to the government of Canada in the case of homesteaders, and debited to the governments of Saskatchewan and Alberta respectively in the case of applicants other than homesteaders within the respective provinces. 10. All the costs, charges and expenses incurred in connection with the purchase, sale and distribution of seed grain, and which are not embraced in the last three preceding paragraphs, shall be regarded as costs of administration, to be paid in the first instance out of the moneys available for the purchase, sale and distribution of seed grain, and when the said distribution is completed and such costs, charges and expenses ascertained a division of the same shall be made, and the liability of each government in respect thereof shall bear the same ratio to the total cost of adminis- tration which the cost of seed grain debited to each government as set out in the next preceding paragraph bears to the total cost of the same to the three governments concerned. The amount payable by the said province of Saskatchewan in respect of said costs of administration shall be paid forthwith on being ascertained to the officer mentioned in paragraph 6. 11. Applicants other than homestead settlers who are advanced seed grain shall be charged therefor the same price as is charged homestead settlers under the said regulations. 12. The Minister shall give due notice to the Commissioner of the person or persons appointed by him to take security for the repayment of all advances of seed grain to homesteaders and upon the approval of the Commissioner such person or persons shall be held to be authorized to act as agents for the government of Sask- atchewan in the like capacity. 13. Before seed is distributed to persons other than homesteaders, the applica- tion of such persons shall be approved by or under the direction of the government of Saskatchewan. 14. The Minister shall continue and conclude the negotiations now being carried on with the railway companies concerned respecting the cost of freight, storage and delivery of grain, and shall when a final agreement is reached transmit a copy thereof to the Commissioner. In witness whereof the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands the day and year first hereinbefore written. FRANK OLIVER, Minister of the Interior, Canada. W. R. MOTHERWELL, Commissioner of Agriculture, Saskatchewan. Signed in the presence of: Geo. Harcourt. Minister of the Interior, Canada. Ottawa, February 8, 1908. Dear Sir, — I hereby appoint and designate Charles H. Beddoe, accountant of the Department of the Interior, to be the officer to whom payments by the Minister of Finance are to be made under the agreements of yesterday's date entered into between myself as Minister of the Interior and yourself as Minister of Agriculture on behalf of the province of Alberta in respect of the purchase, sale and distribution of seed grain. Yours very truly, (Sgd.) FRANK OLIVER, Minister of the Interior. Hon. W. T. Finlay, Minister of Agriculture, for the Province of Alberta. 25c— 3 i 36 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 edward vii., a. 1909 Minister of the Interior, Canada. Ottawa, February 8, 1908. Dear Sir, — I hereby appoint and designate Charles H. Beddoe, of the Depart- ment of the Interior, to be the officer to whom payments by the Minister of Finance are to be made under the agreements of yesterday's date entered into between myself as Minister of the Interior, and yourself, as Commissioner of Agriculture, on behalf of the province of Saskatchewan in respect of the purchase, sale and distribution of seed grain. Yours very truly, (Sgd.) FRANK OLIVER, Minister of the Interior. Hon. W. R. Motherwell, Commissioner of Agriculture, for the Province of Saskatchewan. Minister of the Interior. Canada. Ottawa, February 8, 190S. Dear Sir, — I am in receipt of your favour of even date intimating that you have designated and appointed Charles H. Beddoe, Accountant of the Department of the Interior, to receive payments from th'e Minister of Finance of the money to be advanced by the government of Canada by way of loan to the province of Alberta. and to disburse the same in connection with the purchase, sale and distribution of seed grain. I hereby, pursuant to the arrangement referred to in your letter, approve of the appointment of Mr. Beddoe to receive and make the disbursements contemplated in the said agreement. Tours very truly, (Sgd.) GEO. HARCOTTRT. Deputy Minister of Agriculture for Alberta. Hon. Frank Oliver, Minister of the Interior. Minister of the Interior, Canada. Ottawa, February 8, 190S. Dear Sir, — I am in receipt of your favour of even date intimating that you have designated and appointed Charles H. Beddoe, Accountant of the Department of the Interior, to receive payments from the Minister of Finance of the money to be advanced by the government of Canada by way of loan to the province of Saskatche- wan, and to disburse the same in connection with the purchase, sale and distribution of seed grain. I hereby, pursuant to the arrangement referred to in your letter, approve of the appointment of Mr. Beddoe to receive and make the disbursements contemplated in the said agreement. Tours faithfullv, (Sgd.) W. R. MOTHERWELL, Commissioner of Agriculture. Hon. Frank Oliver, Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. SEED GRAiy l.X SASKATCHEWAN AXD ALBERTA 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c AN act respecting seed grain. 190S— Chapter 21. (Assented to February 21, 190S.J Whereas the Lieutenant Governor in Council has had under consideration the recommendation and report of the Honourable the Minister of Agriculture, which report bears date the sixth day of February, A.D. 1908, and sets forth that a serious situation exists in the province of Alberta regarding the supply of good seed suitable for next season; that the condition is due to the weather conditions of last year, the crops not having ripened before the frost ; that in many sections of the province the grain on hand is totally unfit for seed; that this is especially true of oats and barley and that prompt attention is necessary to avert possible disaster to the province and Dominion; And whereas the said report of the Honourable the Minister of Agriculture further sets forth that the farmers individually cannot successfully cope with the situation, and owing to the money stringency the province cannot depend on the Canadian banks furnishing requisite funds, and there is no time for an immediate foreign loan, the credit of the province not yet being established; And whereas the said report of the Honourable the Minister of Agriculture states that the estimated amount of seed needed is one hundred thousand (100,000) bushels of wheat, one hundred thousand (100,000) bushels of barley, and four hundred and fifty thousand (450,000) bushels of oats; And whereas the said report of the Honourable the Minister of Agriculture recom- mends that for the purpose of obtaining funds for the purchase of seed grain for the settlers, the provincial treasurer be authorized to receive from the government of I Janada, by way of a loan on the credit of the province, the sum of four hundred and forty thousand ($440,000) dollars, or such part thereof as may be required for the purpose stated, and that the province agree to pay the government of Canada any sum so advanced, together with five per centum per annum interest thereon, on or before the thirty-first day of March, 1909, and that if any part of the said sum and interest shall remain unpaid on the said date, the same shall thereupon become a charge upon any subsidy allowance, grant, or money which for any purpose whatsoever may at any time hereafter become payable by the government of Canada to the government of the province of Alberta; And whereas the said report of the Honourable the Minister of Agriculture further recommends that the government of Canada may appropriate such portion or portions of any such subsidy allowance, grant, or money as it may deem necessary or advisable towards the repayment of such sum and interest, and that the government of the province engages to recommend to the legislature of the province, at the earliest opportunity, the enactment of a law approving and confirming this order in council; And whereas it is expedient, that the action of the Lieutenant Governor in Council in this regard be ratified by an Act of this province; Now, therefore, His Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legis- lative Assembly of the province of Alberta, enacts as follows : 1. It is hereby declared that the Lieutenant Governor in Council shall be deemed to have had power by law to provide by order in council as in the hereinbefore recited order in council provided, and the said order in council is hereby approved, ratified and confirmed. 2. The Lieutenant Governor in Council shall have power and shall be deemed to have had power by order in council to provide for the purchase, sale and distribution among such of the farmers and sjettlers in the province being owners or occupants of patented land or of land for which the issue of patent has been recommended as apply for the same of the seed grain so purchased in such quantities and upon such terms as to the taking of security for the repayment to the government of the cost 38 CORRESPONDENCE AM) PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 of the seed grain so supplied by way of mortgage upon growing crops or otherwise a3 shall appear necessary or proper. 3. The amount agreed to be paid by any applicant for seed grain in consideration of the advance to him by the government of such seed grain, together with interest thereon at the rate of five per centum per annum until paid, shall be a charge upon any property, real or personal, of the applicant, whether in the province or else- where, having priority over over all other liens, charges and encumbrances thereon, and being capable of enforcement by seizure and sale of such property upon default in payment of the said amount under a warrant signed by the minister, or by any person authorized by the minister to execute such warrant wherever the said property may be found. 4. The amount agreed to be paid by any applicant for seed grain, together with interest as aforesaid, shall be a tax upon such applicant and upon the land for the cultivation of which seed grain has been furnished, and in addition to any other remedies herein contained or otherwise available for the collection of the same, the following provisions in relation thereto shall have effect : (a) The minister may cause to be furnished to the tax commissioner under The Local Improvement Act, a list of persons to whom seed grain has been supplied, together with the addresses of such persons as given in their application for seed grain, a description of the land in respect of which seed grain has been so supplied, and a statement of the amount agreed to be paid by each of the said persons therefor; (b) Upon the receipt of such list the said tax commissioner shall forthwith send by prepaid post to the persons appearing upon such list at the addresses given therein a notice in form A of the schedule to this Act and thereupon the person to whom such notice is addressed and the land in the said notice mentioned shall be taken to be assessed for the amount mentioned in the notice for taxes due to the province, and such taxes shall be payable on or before the 1st day of March, 1909; (c) In default of the payment of the taxes so due, the said tax commissioner may, by himself or his agent, levy the same with costs by distress upon the goods or chattels of the person who ought to pay the same, or on any goods or chattels in his possession wherever the same may be found, or on any goods or chattels found on the land, the property of or in the possession of any other occupant thereof, and may impound the same on the premises where distrained, and no claim of property, lien or privilege shall be available to prevent the sale or the payment of the taxes and costs out of the proceeds of the sale thereof; (d) Any taxes or arrears of taxes due hereunder may be recovered as a debt by suit in the name of the tax commissioner, and in any such suit proof of the sending of the notice in subclause (6) hereof mentioned shall be prima facie evidence of the debt; (e) The tax commissioner upon recovering any sum of money for taxes due here- under shall forthwith forward the same to the Provincial Treasurer. 5. No claim of exemption or privilege whether statutory or otherwise shall be available in any proceedings taken under this Act. 6. Upon notification being received by any person or company from the depart- ment that any person is indebted to or has agreed to pay the government the cost of any seed grain supplied to him for his benefit the person or company so notified shall retain out of any moneys that may at any time after the receipt by him of the notice be or become payable to the person to whom, or for his benefit as therein stated seed gTain has been so supplied, the amount in the said notice mentioned as the cost of the seed grain so supplied, or such portion thereof as shall be payable by the person or company receiving the notice to the other, and shall forward the same to the department, and the minister shall thereupon cause a new notice to be sent to the person or company remitting such sum, stating the balance, if any, still due to the government in respect of the seed grain so supplied, and if there be no balance due so stating, and the amount, if any, mentioned in such new notice shall be so retained and remitted as herein provided. SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c (2) Any person or company omitting to so retain and transmit to the department any such amount as is in this section mentioned shall be liable to pay to the govern- ment the amount, if any, which, after the receipt by him of the notice or new notice, he has paid to or on account of the person mentioned in the notice or new notice as the person to whom seed grain has been so supplied, and such amount may be recovered by suit in the name of the minister. 7. The secretaries of small local improvement districts, and the persons occupy- ing the positions of postmaster in large local improvement districts, Dominion land agents, sub-land agents, homestead inspectors and members of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, shall have the power to administer oaths and to take statutory declarations in connection with applications for seed grain; and all railway station agents shall have power to administer oaths and to take statutory declarations in con- nection with the securities by way of chattel mortgage or otherwise that may be taken for the cost thereof. 8. The Lieutenant Governor in Council may make such regulations and prescribe such forms, not being inconsistent with this Act, as shall be found necessary or con- venient for the proper administration thereof. 9. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires — 1. ' Department ' means Department of Agriculture ; 2. ' Government ' or ' Government of the Province ' means His Majesty in. the right of the province of Alberta; 3. ' Land ' means lands, tenements and hereditaments, and any estate or interest therein ; 4. ' Minister ' means the Minister of Agriculture. SCHEDULE. Form A. — Notice of Taxes for Seed Grain. Take notice that you have been assessed in respect of the land herein mentioned the sum of dollars and cents (amount in figures) for seed grain supplied to you by the government of Alberta. And further take notice that the said amount is payable by you to the govern- ment of Alberta on or before the first day of March, 1909, and that in default of pay- ment on or before the said date the said amount may be realized by seizure, distress or suit, as provided for in An Act respecting Seed Grain, being chapter of the statutes of Alberta, 1908. The said amount may be paid to the Provincial Treasurer of Alberta, to the Minis- ter of Agriculture thereof, to any one duly authorized by the said minister to receive the same or to the undersigned. The land in respect of which you are assessed as hereinbefore mentioned is quarter section , township range , west of meridian. Dated at the day of 1908. (Signature of tax commissioner under The Local Improvement Act.) AN ACT RESPECTING SEED GRAIN. CHAPTER 8. (Assented to June 12, 1908.) His Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, enacts as follows : — 1. The Lieutenant Governor in Council shall have power and shall be deemed to have had power by order in council to provide for the purchase, sale and distribution 40 CORRESPONDEXCE AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909. during the year 190S among such farmers and settlers in the province as apply for the same of seed grain in such quantities and upon such terms as to the taking of such security for the repayment of the cost of seed grain so supplied as shall appear neces- sary or proper, provided that the cost of said grain so advanced to any one applicant shall not exceed $250. 2. The Lieutenant Governor in Council shall have power and shall be deemed to have had power to receive from the government of Canada by way of loan on the credit of the province the sum of $1,825,000 or such part thereof as may be required for the purposes stated and to agree to pay the government of Canada any sum so received together with five per centum per annum interest thereon on or before the thirty-first day of March, 1909, and to agree that if any part of the said sum and in- terest shall remain unpaid on the said date the same shall thereupon become a charge upon any subsidy, allowance, grant or money which for any purpose whatsoever may at any time hereafter become payable by the government of Canada to the province. 3. Any agreement or order in council heretofore made for any of the purposes aforesaid is hereby approved, ratified and confirmed. 4. The amount agreed to be paid by any applicant for seed grain in considera- tion of the advance to him by the government of such seed grain together with interest thereon at the rate of five per centum per annum until paid shall be a debt due by the applicant to His Majesty and shall be a charge upon any real property of the applicant whether in the province or elsewhere and upon any crop of any kind hereafter grown on any land by the applicant having priority over all other liens, charges or encum- brances thereon whenever created and in addition to any other remedy which His Majesty may have to enforce payment of the said amount ; such charge shall be capable of enforcement to seizure and sale of the said real property or crop when growing or when cut under warrant signed by the commissioner of agriculture by any person authorized by him to execute such warrant whenever any of the said property may be found and in respect thereof His Majesty shall have and be entitled to all the remedies of a mortgagee in the same manner as if the said amount were secured by a registered charge against the said land or a chattel mortgage against the said crop and in priority to all taxes, liens, charges and encumbrances thereon. 5. The commissioner of agriculture shall as soon as conveniently may be send to the registrar of land titles for each land registration district a statement showing in alphabetical order the name of each applicant for seed grain as aforesaid and showing the land for the cultivation of which seed grain has been furnished, the amount agreed to be paid by each applicant for seed grain as aforesaid and the date from which interest is payable and if the said land was on such date owned by the applicant or if the said land is shown in the records of the land titles office by caveat or other- wise to be held under an agreement for sale in favour of the applicant, the registrar shall upon receipt of such statement enter in the register against such land and shall indorse the same upon any duplicate certificate of title thereafter issued therefor a memorandum as follows : ' This land is subject to a seed grain lien in favour of His Majesty as represented by the commissioner of agriculture for the province of Saskatchewan for the sum of dollars and interest thereon at five per centum per annum from the day of 1908 ' ; and in respect of any other land in his land registration district the registrar shall treat each item in the statement as if it were a writ of execution against the lands of the applicant for seed grain as aforesaid for the amount shown thereby to be owing by the applicant, and may use the form herein provided in making the memorandum required to be made by section 129 of The Land Titles Act. (2) Instead of entering a memorandum in the execution docket the registrar may use a separate docket to be known as the ' Seed Grain Docket.' (3) The commissioner of agriculture shall also cause the said statement to be published in the Saskatchewan Gazette. SEED ORAIX IX SA.SKATGBEWAN AXD ALBERTA 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c 6. Any registrar of land titles shall, on receiving a letter signed by the commis- sioner of agriculture directing him so to do, enter a memorandum in the execution docket or in the seed grain docket as the case may be and upon the certificate or certificates of title in the register to the land of the person mentioned in such letter to the effect that such land and all lands of the applicant as aforesaid are released from the said lien, and thereafter such land shall be absolutely released and discharged from the said lien and from any claim under this Act. 7. Notwithstanding anything contained in The Bills of Sale Ordinance or in any other Act or law, every document purporting to be a chattel mortgage heretofore or hereafter given or made to or in favour of His Majesty to secure an advance of seed grain shall be capable of registration free of charge under The Bills of Sale Ordinance and shall be valid and effective according to the true intent and meaning thereof, and no irregularity, informality or insufficiency therein or in any affidavit made in con- nection therewith or the failure to make any such affidavit or the failure to file and register the said document or to file or register the same within the time limited by law for that purpose shall render the same invalid ; but every such document shall bind the crop therein mentioned as fully and effectually to all intents and purposes as if all the provisions of The Bills of Sale Ordinance and of any other Act or law had been strictly complied with and shall have priority over any other mortgage or lien whenever given upon the security of the same crop or any writ of execution against the mortgagor. 8. To remove doubts it is hereby declared that the Lieutenant Governor in Council had power to make the order in council bearing date the tenth day of February, 1908, empowering such persons in the province as may hold the office of secretary treasurer of a local improvement district or municipality. Dominion land agent, sub-land agent, homestead inspector, immigration agent or member of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police to administer oaths and take and receive affidavits, declarations and affirmations within the province. CERTIFIED COPT OF A REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL, APPROVED BY HIS ESCELLENCY THE -GOVERNOR GENERAL ON THE 17th MARCH, 1908. The Honourable the Minister of the Interior. The Committee of the Privy Council have had under consideration a report, dated March 14, 1908, from the Minister of the Interior, stating that under clause 15 of the regulations, approved by order in council of the 6th February, 1908, respecting the purchase, sale, and distribution of grain to homestead settlers in the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, it is provided that no seed grain shall be supplied to home- stead settlers who had sown no crop in the season of 1907. According to the reports received from the officers of the Department of the Interior who have been at work in the west in connection with the distribution, it would appear that the number of applications that are being received for advances of seed grain under the provisions of the regulations is not as large as had been anticipated, and that in consequence the appropriation lately made by parliament to cover this expenditure is likely to be in excess of the requirements. The minister recommends, inasmuch as numerous applications have been received from farmers in the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan who, although they had sown no crop in 1907, are urgently in need of seed grain during the coming season, and as the machinery for the purchase, distribution and taking of security for advances of seed grain now in operation is well fitted and sufficient to deal with such applications, and as the seed grain needed as above stated is not available in the pro- vinces mentioned, and therefore cannot well be secured by the individual action of 42 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 those who require it, that clause 15 of the regulations approved by order in council of February 6, 1908, be amended so as to permit of advances to be made to settlers who had sown no crop in the season of 1907, under thle same terms and conditions a= set forth in such regulations. The committee submit the same for approval. (Sgd.) RODOLPHE BOUDREAU, Clerk of the Privy Council. MEMORANDUM OF CONFERENCE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE DOMINION, SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA GOVERNMENTS. Dominion government represented by — W. W. Cory, Esq., Deputy Minister of the Interior. C. C. Castle, Esq., Purchasing Agent. R. E. A. Leech, Esq., Inspector Dominion Land Agencies. Saskatchewan government — W. R. Motherwell, Esq., Minister of Agriculture. Alberta government — George Harcourt, Esq., Deputy Minister of Agriculture. Regarding the matter of net shortages in out-turn of cars at distributing points. It is agreed, that actual shortages, which cannot be accounted for, shall be charged up to administration account. The distributing agent shall charge up all shortages to the purchasing agent, giving detailed statement as to out-turns, as verified by statu- tory declaration by the railway agents and homestead inspectors. Re the disposal of surplus seed wheat at local points in Saskatchewan and Alberta. The distributing agent is authorized to send out the following circular to mill owners, and others, asking for quotations, and is authorized to dispose of same. The grain above mentioned will be delivered f.o.b. cars at point of delivery. No quota- tions will be considered for prices quoted less than track prices at point of delivery; separate quotations must be given for sacks in addition to the price quoted for grain. Circular ' A.' 'A quantity of seed wheat is left over on the line of railway after all applications are filled. We are now offering this for sale, which is made up approximately as follows: — No. 1 H. No. 1 Nr. No. 2 Nr. No. 3 Nr. No. 4 Wheat. This grain will be delivered to the purchaser's station on this line, freight free. If you desire to secure this, or any part of it, we would be pleased to have quotations separately for each grade, and also quoting price for sacks. The quantities, as given above, are approximate, and the actual amounts may be more or less. No quotation = less than track price, your point, will be considered. Separate quotation must be given for sacks, in addition to the price quoted for grain.' Re disposal of surplus seed wheat, in hands of the purchasing agent, purchased but not distributed for seed. That the purchasing agent be authorized to dispose of surplus of wheat now in Winnipeg, Calgary, and Edmonton to the best market advantage, delivery of same to be made and sales to be completed not later than July delivery; the purchasing SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c agent in no case being authorized to sell all or any portion of such purchase at less than the current market price of the grain at date of sale. In the case of the wheat now at Calgary and Edmonton, the purchasing agent is authorized to dispose of same to local mills, providing he can dispose of same for better price than by shipping the wheat to Fort William for sale there. rBe the disposal of surplus seed oats at local points in Saskatchewan and Alberta. The distributing agent shall arrange to gather up all surplus seed oats at local railway stations; that in Saskatchewan to be gathered and loaded into car lots and shipped to the order of C. C. Castle, Fort William; that in Alberta to be gathered and loaded in the same way, but to be shipped to the order of C. C. Castle at Edmon- ton and Calgary, invoicing the same to Mr. Castle according to grades; English, Canadian and Prince Edward Island oats to be kept separate. Prince Edward Island oats to be billed to the order of C. C. Castle, Fort William, stop off at Winnipeg for orders. That the purchasing agent be authorized to sell the surplus seed oats at Edmon- ton and Calgary locally in the province of Alberta, at not less than market price, or a premium over the market price; bags extra. If unable to do so, to ship same to Fort William for sale to best market advantage, at or above market prices at Fort William or Port Arthur. The purchasing agent to use his discretion in disposing of these oats at such times, and in such quantities, as it may be mos^; advantageous, so as to realize the highest market price possible. In the event of the oats being shipped to Fort William or Port Arthur the grain to be unloaded into the grain elevators there and the sacks turned over to the inspector for the account of the seed grain purchasing agent. The sacks, subsequently, to be sold to the best market advantage. Re the disposal of surplus seed barley at local points in Saskatchewan and Alberta. In the event of there being any surplus barley left, after applications have been filled, the same will be gathered up and shipped to the order of C. C. Castle, Fort William, to stop over at Winnipeg for instructions. Be the disposition of grain sacks on hand after deliveries are completed. The purchasing agent is authorized to make sale of the same to the best advant- age, using his own discretion as to time and place for making sales. Be thirteen cars of oats and two cars of wheat, purchased by the Alberta Government from Mr. Castle, Purchasing Agent. It is agreed that this grain shall be treated as having been handled under the ordinary distribution arrangements; that is, applications and mortgages shall be completed in proper form by the representative of the Alberta government, and transferred to E. E. A. Leech, distributing agent. The invoices which have been sent to Mr. Harcourt shall be transferred to Mr. Leech and Mr. Leech shall issue formal requisition upon Mr. Castle to cover the invoices. If, however, in connection with this transaction there have been extra freight charges, amounting to more than $1,000, the Alberta government shall pay such amount as is in excess of $1,000. Be office furniture purchased for the Seed Grain Offices in Begina. If the furniture has not already been paid for by Mr. C. H. Beddoe, from the seed grain appropriation, he shall arrange to make such payment. If the Dominion Department of Public Works has paid for the furniture Mr. Beddoe shall arrange 44 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 to reimburse the Department of Public Works, by paying for same out of the seed grain appropriation. When the offices are closed the distributing agent shall dispose of the same to the best advantage. In connection with the furniture in the Winnipeg offices, Mr. Castle shall dispose of this to the best advantage. Dated at Eegina, May 18, 1908. W. W. CORY, GEO. HARCOURT, W. R. MOTHERWELL. PRELIMINARY REPORT OF THE PURCHASING AGENT. Winnipeg, Max., June 26, 1908. The Hon. Frank Older, M.P., Minister of the Interior, Ottawa, Ont. Sin, — Acting under the instructions of the Right Honourable the Minister of Trade and Commerce as contained in the following telegram: — ■ Ottawa, Ont., January 15, 1908, to C. C. Castle, Winnipeg, Man. ' Arrange to accompany Mr. Motherwell to Ottawa in connection with the seed grain relief prob- lem,' signed F. C. T. O'Hara, Acting Deputy Minister. I proceeded to Ottawa with the Honourable W. R. Motherwell and the Honourable J. A. Calder, Commissioner of Agriculture and Finance Minister, respectively, of the province of Saskatchewan. Upon arrival at Ottawa I reported to the minister, who instructed me to place my services at the disposal of the Minister of the Interior and the representatives of the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta, then assembled at Ottawa, in connection with the seed grain advance problem. Daily conferences were held in regard to this matter between the federal and pro- vincial authorities (at which I was present under instructions) resulting in an agree- ment being reached between the governments concerned, under which I was appointed as grain purchasing agent. In pursuance of the duties assigned to me under the aforesaid agreement, I Teceived instructions from the Right Honourable the Minister of Trade and Com- merce to act under the instructions of the Honourable the Minister of the Interior in the matter of purchasing seed grain, as per attached copy, file No. 10347, Depart- ment of Trade and Commerce, Ottawa. Canada. C. C. Castle, Esq., Warehouse Commissioner, Winnipeg, Man. Re Seed Grain Relief. Sir, — I am directed by the Right Honourable the Minister of Trade and Commerce to instruct you to act under instructions of the Right Honourable the Minister of the Interior in the matter of purchasing seed grain. I have also to state that Mr. Horn is being communicated with to act with you in the matter of inspecting this seed grain. I have the honour to be, sir. vour obedient servant, (Sgd.) F. C. T. O'HARA. Acting Deputy Minister. Official notification of my appointment as Seed Grain Purchasing Agent was con- veyed to me by letter signed jointly by the Minister of the Interior and the repre- sentatives of the Saskatchewan and Alberta governments, as follows: — SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Interior Department, Ottawa, Canada, January 31, 1908. Charles C. Castle, Esq., Warehouse Commissioner, Winnipeg, Man. Sir, — In consequence of an arrangement having been entered into between the Dominion government and the governments of the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta, whereby certain quantities of wheat, oats and barley shall ho purchased by the government and supplied to certain farmers in these provinces who have no seed fit to sow this season and are without the necessary means to procure same, you have been appointed by the government to make purchases of grain for this purpose. In the purchase of said grain the following conditions are to be observed: — The wheat shall be bought through the ordinary channels of the grain trade at current prices from day to day, subject to official grade and weight by the proper officers of the grain inspection and weighing branches of the Department of Trade and Commerce; that grades 1 and 2 Northern only shall be purchased if sufficient of these grades can be procured, but if not, No. 3 Northern may be purchased from receiving elevators or in transit at Winnipeg, but not in terminal elevators; that grade No. 4 wbeat may, if necessary, be purchased wherever it can be procured, having due regard to its suitability for seed purposes, its grading and cleanliness, but should be purchased only in the event of there not being sufficient of the other grades pro- curable. That oats shall be purchased by you through the ordinary channels of the grain trade at western receiving elevators, at Winnipeg in transit to Fort William, or at Fort William; and shall be of grades Nos. 1, 2 and 3 White Oats as inspected and weighed by the Dominion grain inspection and weighing officials; provided, however, should such purchases be made subject to the test as to vitality a fixed advance on the market price from day to day may be arranged for by you at your discretion. It is agreed that all purchases of grain in Canada shall be made by you, and that purchases outside of Canada shall be made by you as may be practicable under advice of G. H. Clark, Seed Commissioner, Department of Agriculture. All points dealing with the matter of purchase and transportation of seed grain not herein provided for shall be at your discretion, assisted in all matters of inspection and cleaning by David Horn and G. H. Clark, and further assisted by way of consulta- tion wherever practicable by the heads of the Department of Agriculture of the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta. The barley required to be purchased may be bought in eastern Canada, Fort William or the West in your discretion and shall be of the grades Nos. 2, 3 extra and 3. That where practicable grain may be purchased in car lots direct from farmers in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta at current prices from day to day, subject to official grade and weight. You are hereby authorized to at once purchase 800,000 bushels of wheat in accord- ance with the above instructions, 1,500,000 bushels of oats and 300,000 bushels of barley. That every precaution shall be taken to have all seed purchased free from smut, noxious weeds and other varieties of grains, and with this object in view all such grain shall, if found necessary, be recleaned as thoroughly as possible at such ware- house cleaning plants as can be secured for this purpose. That cleaning and recleaning shall be done under the responsibility and super- vision of David Horn, Chief Grain Inspector, Department of Trade and Commerce, and that officers shall be appointed by the Ministers of Agriculture for the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan to render all possible assistance to the chief inspector, and such officers shall consult with him upon all matters relating to the recleaning of grain. 46 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909> That the seed testing branch of the Dominion Department of Agriculture shall make such provision for the testing of all seed grain purchased in the West or else- where as may be found necessary and practicable. That all grain shall be sacked after recleaning according to its grade by inspection on receipt into store and that each sack shall be distinctly marked with the kind and grade of the grain contained therein, and that all sacks shall be sewn, not tied. That all grain purchased by yourself shall he cleaned and stored according to its inspected grade in a cleaning elevator at such point or points as you may determine at such rate or rates for storage, insurance, &c, as you may agree to with the owner or owners of such cleaning elevator, and that such stored grain shall be held subject to your order for shipment in sacks after recleaning; provided, however, that the Minister of the Interior shall appoint an officer to receive delivery ex elevator of such sacked grain into cars, whose notification in writing to you shall be your authority to deliver such grain. You are hereby authorized to purchase whatever number of sacks may be necessary for the sacking of all grain purchased by the government in connection with the scheme of seed grain relief; for settlement of freight, weighing, insurance, inspection and other charges and all other transactions in regard to grain until you shall have made delivery of same as above provided. You shall before any seed is distributed furnish the person in charge of the Central Distributing Office with a statement of the estimated average cost of each class and grade of all grain to be advanced, and such average cost shall include the price paid for grain, cost of cleaning, storage, commission, premium, insurance, sacking, freight, and all other lawful charges: and in estimating such cost you shall take into account the shrinkage or loss arising from cleaning or otherwise and the proceeds of all screenings or cleanings which you are hereby authorized to dispose of to the best advantage. In the case of oats imported from Europe and barley from Eastern Canada the actual cost thereof, including price paid, cost of sacking, freight, &c, shall be charged, but exclusive of the cost of administration. That matters relating to the purchase and transportation of seed grain not herein provided for shall be at your discretion, assisted in all matters of inspection and cleaning by David Horn, and in the matter of testing for vitality by G. H. Clark, and further assisted by way of consultation wherever practicable by the heads of the Department of Agriculture of the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta or officers appointed by them for the purpose. On receipt of order from chief distributing officer to ship to point of distribution you will load and consign as therein directed and will forward to such officer a state- ment showing the number of bags, grade and kind of grain loaded into each car, with the initial letter, car number and date of loading ex elevator and destination. On such car being unloaded the chief distributing officer shall take a receipt from the person responsible for the unloading, showing the initial letter, car number, bags, grade, and kind of grain, also stating condition, and shall cause a copy to be forwarded to you. Cancellation of insurance in grain to be made at your discretion as soon as the loaded cars are lifted by the railway company from the elevator siding. All sacked grain to be shipped in car lots except under special instructions in writing from the officer above referred to. As it has been arranged that all grain shall be recleaned if necessary before being sacked and distributed to farmers, the cleanings are to be sold by you to the best market advantage, and proper account of same entered in your records with the price received therefor, &c. All money received from such sales shall be deposited at the bank to the special seed grain account. There will, of course, be a shrinkage or loss in recleaning the grain which will be absolutely lost, such as weed seed-;, straw chaff, dust, &c, and in the preparation of vour balance -licet- the actual waste which has been cleaned out and sold must bo SEED QRAZN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c shown and any shrinkage or loss in weight as above referred to actually ascertained must also be correctly shown. In any event of its being deemed desirable to receive any grain at outside points such as Regina, Calgary, Moosejaw and elsewhere, you are authorized to make the necessary arrangements for the receiving, handling and recleaning of whatever grain may be necessary at a receiving elevator at any such point, and fix a price to be paid the owner of such building for the work of handling, receiving, cleaning, recleaning, storing, sacking, sewing, branding, weighing and delivering such grain into cars, which arrangement is also applicable at Winnipeg or St. Boniface. The following trades already reported by you as having been made on the 29th of January are hereby approved : — 5,000 May option $1 13J 15,000 " 1 13| 30,000 " 1 13 50,000 " 1 13 25,000 February option 109 You are no doubt aware I have made arrangements with Mr. Win. Whyte, second vice-president of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and also with the other railway com- panies' head offices for special rate on this seed grain. Nothing, however, has yet been definitely fixed, but you will be able to complete arrangements on your return to Winnipeg. Yours very truly; (Sgd.) FRANK OLIVER. Approved, J. A. Calder, Sask. Minister of the Interior. Geo. Harcourt, Alberta. The further additional instructions were received from the Honourable the Min- ister of the Interior under dates the 1st and 4th February, as follows :— Ottawa, February 1, 1908. Mr. C. C. Castle. As payments to be made in connection with the purchase of grain will have to be made at the time of purchase, it will be necessary for you to consult the Department of Finance as to the best method of arranging the matter. All payments relating to the administration will be made by cheques issued at Ottawa, after estimates have been made and recommended for payment. It is understood that you have authority to rent a suitable office temporarily and to secure the services of an expert grain accountant and also any clerical assistance which may be required to conduct the business connected with the purchase, cleaning, sacking, etc., of the grain, and you are authorized to rent for the time being furniture requisite for yourself and staff. If you should find it necessary to have a telephone you are at liberty to have one placed in your office, and in regard to the proposed purchase of a wide carriage tabulating typewriter, I think it would be better to rent one, especially in view of the fact that it will be required only for a few months. If either Mr. Gelley of the Immigration Agency at Winnipeg, or Mr. Stephenson, of the Dominion Lands Office, have a stenographer and typewriter competent to do the work you require, it would be well to arrange with them if possible for the temporary assistance you will need.' (Sgd.) FRANK OLIVER. Minister of the Interior. And under date February 10. 1908, the Honourable the Minister of the Interior wrote inclosing me a copy of an order of His Excellency the Governor General in 48 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Council approving of the regulations respecting the purchase, sale and distribution of seed grain, the duties of the purchasing agent being prescribed in the first fourteen clauses thereof. I therefore attach hereto copy of said clauses: — ■ At the Government House at Ottawa. Thursday, 6th day of February. 1903. Peesent: — His Excellency the Governor General in Council. His Excellency the Governor General in Council is pleased to approve, and doth hereby approve, of the following regulations respecting the purchase, sale and distri- bution of seed grain to homestead settlers in the provinces of Alberta and Saskatche- wan which have been made by the Minister of the Interior in pursuance of the order in council of January 30, 1908, respecting the distribution of seed grain to settlers. Regulations respecting the purchase, sale and distribution of seed grain to home- stead settlers in the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan: — 1. All purchases of grain in Canada shall be made by the warehouse commissioner of the Department of Trade and Commerce, C. C. Castle, hereinafter called ' the purchasing agent,' and all purchases outside of Canada shall be made by the purchas- ing agent under the advice, when it is practicable to obtain the same, of the seed commissioner of the Department of Agriculture, G. H. Clark. 2. Wheat shall be bought through the ordinary channels of the grain trade at current prices, from day to day at western receiving elevators, at Winnipeg, in transit to Fort William or elsewhere, subject to official grade and weight by proper officers of the grain inspection and weighing branch of the Department of Trade and Commerce. Grades 1 and 2 Northern only shall be purchased if sufficient of these grades can be procured, but, if not, No. 3 Northern may be purchased from receiving elevators or in transit at Winnipeg, but not in terminal elevators. Grade No. 4 wheat may, if necessary, be purchased wherever it can be purchased, having due regard to its suitability for seed purposes, its grading and cleanliness, but should only be pur- chased in the event of there not being sufficient of the other grades procurable. 3. Oats shall be purchased through the ordinary channels of the grain trade at western receiving elevators, at Winnipeg, in transit to Fort William, at Fort William or elsewhere including eastern Canada, and shall be of grades Nos. 1, 2 and 3 White oats, as inspected and weighed by the Dominion grain inspection and weighing officials, provided, however, should such purchases be made subject to a test as to vitality, a fixed advance on the market price from day to day be arranged for by the purchasing agent at his discretion. 4. Barley shall be purchased as in the case of oats and wheat, and may also be purchased in eastern Canada, and shall be of grades Nos. 2, extra and 3. .">. Where practicable grain may be purchased in car lots direct from farmers in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta at current prices from day to day. subject to official grade and weight. 6. All possible precaution shall be taken to have all seed purchased free from smut, noxious weed seeds and other varieties of grain, and with this object in new all such grain shall, if found necessary, be recleaned as thoroughly as possible at such warehouse cleaning plant as can be secured for this purpose. 7. Inspection, cleaning and recleaning shall be done under the direction of the purchasing agent by the grain inspector of the Department of Trade and Commerce, David Horn, assisted by such officers as may be appointed for the purpose by the governments of the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan respectively. 8. The seed testing branch of the Dominion Department of Agriculture, under the direction of the seed commissioner, assisted by such officers as may be appointed for the purpose by the governments of the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan n spectively, shall make tests for the purpose of ascertaining the vitality of all seed SEED uh-MS l.\ SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c grain purchased in the west or elsewhere, whenever the same may in the judgment of the seed commissioner be necessary and practicable. 9. All grain shall be sacked after recleaning according to its grade by inspection on receipt into store, and each sack shall be distinctly marked with the kind and grade of the grain contained therein, and all such sacks shall be sewn. 10. All grain purchased by the purchasing agent shall, if necessary, be cleaned, and if stored shall be stored according to its inspected grade in a cleaning elevator at such point or points as he may determine, at such rate or rates for storage, insur- ance, &c, as the purchasing agent may agree with the owner or owners of such cleaning elevator; and all grain shall be shipped for delivery by the purchasing agent on the order of the officer in charge of the central distributing office at Eegina hereinafter mentioned. 11. The purchasing agent shall purchase and provide the necessary sacks ; arrange freight charges subject to any agreement as to freight rates made by the minister with the railway companies; certify to weighing and inspection charges, and make all other necessary arrangements for shipment and delivery of the grain as provided in the next preceding clause of these regulations. 12. A homestead settler or homesteader in these regulations shall mean a person occupying under a homestead entry, and who has not received a recommendation for a patent. The price charged for seed grain to homestead settlers shall be the estimated average cost thereof at the point of delivery, such cost to include storage, commission, premium, insurance, sacking, freight and all other proper charges, but not the cost of administration necessary in connection with the matters herein provided for, and in the case of oats imported and oats and barley brought from Eastern Canada said settlers shall be charged the actual cost thereof including price paid, cost of sack- ing, freight, cost of cleaning, storage, commission, insurance, and all other proper charges exclusive of the said cost of administration. 13. The purchasing agent shall, before any seed is distributed, furnish the officer in charge of the central distribution office at Regina with a statement of the estimated average cost or actual cost as provided in the next preceding clause of each class and grade of grain to be supplied, and such average cost shall include the price paid for grain, the cost of cleaning, storage, commission, premium, insurance, sacking, freight and all other proper charges, and in arriving at such average and actual cost, respect- ively, the purchasing agent shall take into account the shrinkage or loss arising from cleaning or otherwise, and the proceeds of all screenings or cleanings which he is hereby authorized to dispose of to the best advantage. 14. All matters relating to the purchase and transportation of seed grain not herein provided shall be in the discretion of the purchasing agent. I arrived here from Ottawa on February 5, and at once secured an office adjacent to the Grain Exchange; and with the assistance of a grain expert formulated a system of books for the proper keeping of accounts, and later on engaged an office staff. Advertisements were placed in nil the leading newspapers in the Northwest stating I had been appointed purchasing agent, &c. Copies of these advertisements are hereto attached, marked exhibit ' A and B.' While the forms of books, &c, were being printed I entered into negotiations with all elevator owners in Winnipeg and other points with a view to making arrange- ments with them to clean all seed grain purchased by the government. Cleaning contracts were subsequently entered into with the following firms : — 1. C. P. R. Fort William. 2. Ogilvie Flour Mills Co., Winnipeg. 3. Anchor Elevator Co.. Winnipeg. 4. Canada Malting Co.. Winnipeg. 5. Crown Elevator Co., St. Boniface. 6. Western Canada Flour Mills Co., St. Boniface. 7. International Elevator Co., St. Boniface. 25c— 4 50 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 8. E. A. McKenzie & Co., Brandon. 9. Winnipeg Elevator Co., Regina. 10. D. McLean & Co. Moosejaw. 11. Calgary Malting Co., Calgary. 12. Braekman-Ker Milling Co., Calgary. 13. Western Milling Co., Calgary. 14. Brackman-Ker Milling Co., Strathcona. 15. Alberta Grain Co., Edmonton. The rate for receiving, handling, cleaning, sacking and delivering cleaned sacked grain to cars was three cents per bushel; except in the case of the English oats, which were cleaned at Fort William by Canadian Pacific Railway, which they agreed to handle at 2J cents per bushel. Under the letter of 31st of January above referred to I was instructed to purchase 800,000 bushels of wheat, 1,500,000 bushels oats and 300,000 bushels barley, and as all this quantity of grain had to be sacked before being distributed I therefore made con- tracts with two local and three eastern bag manufacturers for the necessary supply. Particulars of sack contracts are given under exhibit ' C Sack contracts were let on the 11th of February, and the first supplies were forwarded to cleaning elevators on the 17th of February. Shortly after my return from Ottawa the press published a statement to the effect that the government intended purchasing for seed 1,300,000 bushels ' of wheat, 1,650,000 bushels of oats and 300,000 bushels of barley, on account of which, sellers materially stiffened their prices (farmers as well as dealers), and it very soon became apparent that I should have to pay May price at least in order to secure the amount of wheat required for seed in proper time. In the meantime I had been endeavouring to secure it at the current cash price, but without effect. I therefore entered into negotiations with the large elevator companies with a view to seeing if purchases of at least 400,000 bushels of contract wheat could not be supplied by them at current prices, but found that all their contract grades had been already sold for May delivery. They offered to purchase back stated quantities of their May sales, and sell such amounts to me, provided I paid the same price as they had to give on such re- purchases. Eventually I agreed to this plan. By this plan I did not require to personally go on the open market to purchase May wheat; the dealer had to do this under my instructions. For example, on the 13th of February I made contracts under above arrangement for 290,000 bushels of May wheat and started paying in the morning $1.11, every subsequent purchase being fractionally lower until $1.08| was reached, proving purchases were very judiciously made, as had it been known I was on the market, prices would have advanced probably several cents per bushel. As it was deemed advisable to purchase all grain required for seed west of Winni- peg, if possible, arrangements were made with the railroad companies to stop off for twenty-four hours, all cars noted by inspectors as suitable for seed. Eventually all cars of the desired grade were stopped here, and the time of stop off increased from twenty-four to thirty-six hours. Before taking delivery of any grain for seed purposes I arranged with Mr. E. D. Eddy, an officer of the Seed Commissioner's Department, and who was acting under instructions of Mr. G. H. Clark, Ottawa, to examine for purity official samples of all cars inspected at Winnipeg, and to mark his acceptance or rejection on same. TJp to the 17th of February Mr. Eddy had examined a large number of cars, but very few were accepted by him as suitable for seed, as at that time he refused to accept any grain that could not be cleaned to conform to the Seed Control Act, viz.: 1 noxious weed per lb. On account of the large proportion of cars that were so refused the dealers above referred to who had sold their May wheat, stated they would be unable to fill their contracts (I had a clause in the contract giving me the privilege of rejecting any cars SEED GRAIH IX SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c rejected by the inspector as unsuitable for seed). One dealer during a few days had thirty-six cars of 1° and 2° rejected for seed purposes, and other dealers like propor- tions, which resulted, in a deadlock. The dealers then refused to ship out any more grain under conditions that it would only be passed subject to the provisions of the Seed Control Act. About this time, however, the Honourable W. E. Motherwell, Com- missioner of Agriculture, Regina, Saskatchewan, at my urgent request came to Winnipeg for a conference on this matter; as a result of which it was eventually agreed that the standard of inspection for wheat should allow not more than 10 wild oats or 10 purple cockle per pound; in addition samples that contained small weed seeds easily removable by cleaning were not to be rejected. As regards the standard for oats : For a time the same impurities as in wheat were allowed — later this was raised to 15, and finally 25 wild oats per lb. had to be the maximum standard of impurities permitted, otherwise I question whether 75.000 bushels would have been obtained. At my urgent request Mr. G. H. Clark came to Winnipeg, arriving here on Mon- day, February 24, and the day following the Hon. W. E. Motherwell arrived. A conference was held at which these two gentlemen and Mr. David Horn (Chief Grain Inspector) were present, which resulted in the. following memorandum being drawn up for my guidance: — Winnipeg, February 25, 190S. Memo, for Chas. C. Castle, Seed Grain Purchasing Agent, Winnipeg. It would appear from the character of the supplies of seed grain offered up to date that if quality and purity of the seed is to be given proper and due consideration, then the price paid therefor must be quite secondary, and further, if the seed grain that appears to be required is to be obtained in seasonable time the supplies from the interior must come forward more rapidly than at present; or it will be advisable to go to Fort William for a considerable portion of the wheat required. In view of the foregoing, advice is given you as follows : — Memo, of recommendation re procuring supplies of seed gnun that may be acceptable to the farmers of the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta. 1. Make quality especially in respect to weed seeds the first consideration. The matter of price within reason for good clean seed grain should be of secondary con- sideration. 2. For seed grain, not the product of the western provinces and which has not now been accepted, adhere in the meantime to the provisions of the seed controller in respect to purity. 3. For wheat, the product of the western provinces allow not more than 10 noxious weed seeds per lb., then reclean. Pay sufficient extra premium for what will pass Seed Act. 4. For oats, the product of the western provinces, allow not more than 25 noxious weed seeds per pound, and then reclean. Pay small premium when they contain 10 wild oats or other noxious weed seeds per pound, and large and sufficient premium for oats that will pass Seed Act and is otherwise good seed. 5. Many portions of the province of Saskatchewan grow oats only for feed, and in view of the probable shortage of clean white oats, you are advised to purchase up to a quarter of a million of bxishels of Prince Edward Island black oats for the pro- vince of Saskatchewan. 6. Procure, say, five cars of oats, out of several of the best bins at Fort William and have them sent to King's elevator to test result of his cleaning up to loss of 15 per cent, 25e— 4J 52 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 7. Arrange, practicable and expedient, with the Canada Malting Company for the purchase of seed barley on commission, or otherwise, as may be in your best judgment, subject to the conditions in respect to wheat seeds as obtains for seed oats. 8. Suggest placing orders for Ontario and other eastern Canada oats and barley on commission basis with eastern Canada seedsmen, such as Steele-Briggs Seed Company. Allow sufficient commission to induce prompt and aggressive action and allow good premiums per bushel in advance over Toronto or other current market quotations for commercial grain — oats and barley cleaned for seed. 9. Restrict further British orders to named varieties and prevent as far as possible importations of potato oats. Pay good premium for right good seed for Britain. 10. It is recognized that by continuing to adhere to this relatively high standard of purity, all of the demands for seed grain may not be supplied, but it is thought expedient at this time, that especially in view of past charges on the part of farmers in general, against government importations of seed grain containing weed seeds to purchase only and all that it is possible to get for them of relatively clean seed wheat, oats and barley. Actina- in an advisory capacity, we hereby attach our signatures. (Sgd.) GEO. H. CLARK, (Sgd.) W. R. MOTHERWELL. (Sgd.) DAVID HORN. The provisions of second part of clause 4 were not acted upon, nor were those in clause 5, owing to it being evident that upwards of 500,000 bushels of excellent seed oats could be obtained in Great Britain without disturbing the market price there. As regards clause 6, one car of 2 white oats was sent from Canadian Pacific Railway elevators at Port William to King's for special treatment. This car con- tained 1 per cent of wild oats, but after repeated cleaning and a loss in weight of 20 per cent, it still contained a half of one per cent of wild oats, thus demonstrating that the Port William oats with that percentage of wild oats were quite unfit for seed purposes, even after most severe recleaning. As up to February 25 only 130 cars of wheat and 27 cars of oats had been accepted as suitable for seed, it was decided, after a further conference with the Hon. W. R. Motherwell. Messrs. Horn, Clark and myself that a system of premiums should be inaugurated with the object of securing the very purest qualities of grain possible and inducing prompter and heavier shipments being immediately made. This plan worked out as anticipated (upwards of 40 cars a day being inspected and accepted as suitable for seed, against twelve to fourteen before the plan was adopted), and on March 18 I practically discontinued buying, merely taking delivery of purchases previously contracted for. Prior to this, fearing I might not be able to get sufficient supplies of seed west of Winnipeg. I had samples drawn by the inspectors at Fort William and Port Arthur from all bins in terminal elevators at these points of the grades 1° and 2° wheat, 1 and 2 white oats and No. 3 barley, which upon examination by Mr. E. D. Eddy here gave results averaging from 1 to 3 per cent of wild oats. With such results I deter- mined not to buy a bushel of seed grain at the lake front if I could avoid it, and it ■was after bringing this matter to Mr. Motherwell's notice that the premium system as regards wheat bought west of Winnipeg was inaugurated. The oats and barley showed equally bad results, so that as west of Winnipeg the supplies were limited, it was obvious seed oats and barley would require to be imported. Importations of seed oats were made from Prince Edward Island, also from Great Britain. About 100,000 from the former and some 400.000 from the latter. The Prince Edward Island oats upon inspection at Pictou were so soft that I refused acceptance until the ahippors guaranteed 1hpm against heating in transit to Winni- peg. A satisfactory banker's guarantee was given before any of these oats were paid SEED QRAIR l.\ SASKATCHEWAN AM) ALBERTA 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c for. However, they arrived here apparently in as good order as when inspected at Pictou — but were still quite damp — but upon being unloaded and run over the cleaners twice this defect was partly removed. At the very beginning when it was estimated that 1,650,000 bushels of seed oats would have to be furnished by the government and at the same time it was estimated that only about 300,000 bushels of suitable seed was available west of Winnipeg it was agreed by the representatives of the federal and provincial governments that seed oats would have to be imported either from Great Britain or the States, or both. After most careful inquiries it was found that possibly 250,000 bushels could be secured from the States and possibly the same quantity from Great Britain. Valuable information concerning importations from the States was secured by Mr. G. H. Clark, seed commissioner of the Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, who at your request made a special trip for the purpose to Chicago, Duluth, Minneapolis and St. Paul. While as regards British importations valuable information was first secured through the Right Hon. Lord Strathcona, the Canadian High Commissioner at London, to whom you had communicated upon the matter by cable. After the most careful consideration I concluded that the British oats were infini- tely better than any that could be secured in the States and could be laid down at Winnipeg for less money. I, therefore, in the first instance placed orders in the hands of Jas. Richardson & Sons, Kingston. Ont., for 131,000 bushels, under the following conditions : The con- ditions of purchase being ' No. 1 white milling oats, only named variety, weighing from 40 to 42 lbs. per imperial bushel, sound, suitable for seed, free from noxious weed seeds and wild oats at 66 cents per bushel of 34 lbs. sacked f.o.b. cars St. Johns, plus actual freight to Winnipeg. Any dispute as to quality and freedom from noxious weed seeds and wild oats to be decided by David Horn, Chief Grain Inspector, Winni- peg, whose decision shall be final and binding on both parties.' Later the order under your instructions was increased to half a million bushels, and at your suggestion the Hon. the Minister of Agriculture instructed Mr. A. W. Grindley, chief cargo inspector of the Canadian Department of Agriculture at Liver- pool, to make arrangements for the inspection of the grain before being loaded on vessels at London, Liverpool, Glasgow, or other British port. This arrangement was subsequently carried into effect and the following draft of cablegram was wired me on the 14th of February for amendment or approval : — ' Following draft of telegram prepared to be sent Strathcona. Please consider and amend or approve by wire to me. Dominion, London-Matter purchase seed oats from Britain responsibility of inspection and issue certificate on kinds and quality ordered vested in Department of Agriculture, Department Interior through Charles C. Castle, Winnipeg, purpose placing orders with commission dealers subject inspec- tion British ports. Castle will instruct re kinds and quality standard. Minister wishes you place inspection in hands A. W. Grindley who should procure. services one suitable referee grain man and one expert seedsman to inspect and pass upon all ship- ments from Great Britain. (Sgd.) Agricult. ' (Sgd.) F. OLIVER.' Upon receipt of my approval by wire, the above cablegram was sent to Lord Strathcona. London, who subsequently sent for Mr. Grindley and arranged for him to issue certificates as to quality and freedom from noxious weed seeds and wild oats. Subsequently Mr. Grindley arranged with the London and Liverpool Corn Trade Associations to issue certificates showing the natural weight per bushel of the various shipments. Mr. James Charnock of the firm of Messrs. Jos. Pyke & Son, was appointed upon recommendation of the Liverpool Corn Association, Limited, to inspect ship- ments from Liverpool and Glasgow, and Mr. W. B. McMaster was appointed upon recommendation of the London Corn Trade Association to inspect the London ship- ments as to grade and purity. 54 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Certificates as to quality, &c, and weight were attached to all cargo bills of lading from Great Britain. In some cases the certificates issued by the British inspectors were not definite, and while they showed that the oats did not strictly comply with the terms of contract, they did not state the number of foreign seeds per pound contained in sample — in some cases, however, it was stated on certificate that the impurities could easily be cleaned out. Shippers, however were notified by Mr. Grindloy that these lots if shipped would have to go at their risk. The. whole of the cargo containing these lots I had re-inspected on arrival here; most of them were ' line samples,' and complied so closely to the Seed Control Act that I passed them, as the impurities were easily removed upon running over the cleaners — a process all seed grain was submitted to. Some of the certificates clearly showed that parts of certain cargoes contained too many wild oats to comply with the terms of contract — even after being cleaned. These lots were also re-inspected upon arrival here, and I found I had to reject some 20,000 bushels, chiefly on account of the percentage of wild oats they contained. The quality of the imported British oats is the finest I have ever seen, some samples weighing from 46 to 48 lbs. per bushel, and I desire to express my apprecia- tion of the service to Canada performed by James Richardson & Sons, the people that purchased them, because it is surely a service to the country that the farmers of the Northwest should have had placed at their disposal seed of such excellence. The varieties imported were the Abundance, Banner and No. 1 White English; also about 3,000 bushels of Regenerated Abundance were purchased from Gartons, Limited, at the request of the Saskatchewan and Alberta governments; these weighed 51 pounds per imperial bushel, and were absolutely pure pedigree stock. A small quantity of oats were also brought in from Ontario, Steele, Briggs & Co., Toronto, supplying the bulk of it — of very choice Ontario seed. All of this seed was inspected in Ontario by official grain inspectors and by Seed Commissioner Clark's expert as to purity. Owing to Manitoba barley showing so much frost and also containing such pro- portions of wild oats, all barley purchased was brought in from Ontario and was of an excellent quality. I was, however, only able to secure about one half of what was required. The shortage was made up by shipping in lieu thereof imported English oats, which arrangement was made with Mr. R. E. A. Leech's concurrence. All of the barley brought in from Ontario was officially inspected in Ontario as to grade, and as to purity by Seed Commissioner Clark's expert. Wheat. — All wheat for seed purposes was purchased west of Winnipeg, basis May price, store Fort William, date the car was inspected. After the beginning of March a certain set of premiums (see Schedule B) was paid in addition thereto. Oats. — In addition to those imported local oats were bought at the commence- ment at current market cost prices, basis store Fort William, which were later on raised to a* flat rate of 65c. per bushel, store Fort William. I found in numbers of cases farmers were selling seed oats to neighbours at 70c. and upwards per bushel, consequently I had to raise the price or not get any. Barley. — All barley for seed was purchased in Ontario, and was bought as high -as $1.05 cleaned and sacked f.o.b. cars Winnipeg. Other lots were bought at 75 and SO cents at Ontario points and cleaned and sacked at Winnipeg afterwards. Cleaning operations were carried on at Fort William, Winnipeg, Brandon, Regina, Moosejaw, Calgary, Strathcona and Edmonton. A representative of either the Sas- katchewan or Alberta governments was in charge practically in each cleaning elevator at above points. This official had power to order all grain to be run over the cleaners until he was thoroughly satisfied it was clean enough for seed. Every car received at such elevators was run two or more times over the cleaners, some cars being run through five times. Under my contract with the elevator owner the provincial govern- ment's representative had authority to order any or every car cleaned as often as he desired, before he allowed the grain to be sacked. SEED GRAIN IX SASKATCHEWAN AXD ALBERTA 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c The method of handling the grain was as follows : — While I was on the market to purchase seed grain the railroad companies issued instructions for all cars suitable for seed to be held out at Winnipeg for twenty-four hours; subsequently this period was extended to thirty-six hours. Public announce- ments were made both by the railroad company and by myself to that effect. As soon as official samples of the inspected cars were received at the chief inspector's office they were turned over to Mr. E. D. Eddy (of the seed commissioner's office, Ottawa), who with his assistants made a most careful analysis of same. After this Mr. Eddy issued a certificate stating thereon the number of impurities per pound contained in sample. If it was suitable for seed the certificate, Li addition to the foregoing, was marked ' O.K.' — or otherwise it was marked ' rejected.' All certifi- cates were made out in duplicate and signed by Mr. Eddy or his deputy. A list of all cars examined by Mr. Eddy was made out and forwarded to my office twice daily (see Exhibit 'Selection sheet'), on which those accepted were marked ' O.K.,' and those not accepted were marked ' Eejected,' and attached to this sheet was the original seed certificate of each car which appeared on the list. Immediately I received this list a ' spot notice ' of ' accepted ' cars was sent twice daily to the clean- ing elevator and a ' disposition sheet ' with same particulars to the railroad company. (See Exhibit, Spot Notice and Disposition Sheet.) Upon its receipt into store in the cleaning elevator the car was officially weighed, and afterwards cleaned two or more times under the immediate supervision of the provincial government's representatives (oftener if necessary), before the grain was run to the bagging machine, who drew an average sample of the recleaned grain, same being carefully sent over daily to the chief inspector's office and filed away in a tin box, with full particulars, date, elevator cleaned at, car number, &c. These samples were then examined by Mr. Horn, and if not up to the mark he consulted me as to further treatment, and if necessary the car was ordered back to elevator again and recleaned. In some cases where it was impossible to fit the car for seed owing to cockle, &c, I forwarded it to Fort William and sold it at current market price. I desire, however, to emphasize the point that every car of seed grain that was distri- buted for seed was cleaned not less than twice, and frequently three or four times before being sacked, loaded into ears and shipped to the country. The provincial inspectors while the grain was running over the cleaners used the regulation No. 10 sieve from time to time to determine whether the grain was clean enough. The Crown Elevator Company, at St. Boniface, is the best equipped cleaning elevator in the west. For commercial purposes it can clean, receive and ship twenty cars in ten hours; but for seed purposes about six cars were all that they could clean in that time. One day (twenty-four hours) thirteen cars were run through. I merely state this to show the relative speed the grain could be run through this elevator for seed as compared for ordinary commercial purposes. On the whole the provincial government inspectors did their work faithfully and well. They all felt that the reputation of their province was at stake, and would suffer if they failed in their duty. In proof of this I may be permitted to point out that out of over 1,600,000 bushels of seed grain purchased, there were only six or seven cars that exception could be reasonably taken to. As a matter of fact the elevators cleaned their grain better than I expected. The principle of construction for elevator cleaners is entirely different to the farm fan- ning mill. For really clean work the latter is best, and knowing this and also knowing it would he impossible to purchase the vast amount of seed perfectly pure that was required, I had deposited printed cards in each sack of recleaned grain, advising the recipient to clean it himself before sowing it. Complaint has been made that some cars shipped were not thoroughly cleaned, but as I have already reported on this matter it will be unnecessary to again refer to it, except to add that on the whole a most exceptional lot of seed grain has been distri- buted. In fact both Mr. G. H. Clark and Mr. Eddy reported to me that it was better than 90 per cent of seed grain exhibited at our local shows. I have personally examined probably 75 per cent of the samples of cleaned, sacked grain shipped and 56 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 distributed, and from a close examination of them it is evident that most careful work has been done by the cleaning elevators, and equally earefui supervision exer- cised by the government's representatives charged with looking after the cleaning. When reports were received that grain was unsatisfactory, a deputy grain inspector was sent to the point to investigate the charges made, and when it was established there were reasonable grounds for the complaint, fresh seed was substituted in every possible case. Under instructions from Air. David Horn. Chief Grain Inspector, a deputy grain inspector was stationed at each cleaning elevator throughout the entire cleaning opera- tions. The services of these officers were most valuable, especially when called upon to act in an advisory capacity with the provincial government's representatives. < hving to the necessity of grain having to be purchased at Winnipeg, Brandon, Eegina, Moosejaw, Calgary, Edmonton, Strathcona, See., &c, it was impossible to keep in close touch with the daily purchases; it was also impossible to estimate the quantity of grain that could or would be bought at each of these points, or the total quantity that would be required for seed, and although I discontinued buying in Alberta on March 11, and Winnipeg on the 18th, it was found when deliveries were complete that there was a surplus over requirements. This also applied in the case of the British purchases, as until the grain was actually inspected on the quay, it was impossible to know how much would be accepted and how much rejected.- Acting under advice of the Alberta government, I appointed Mr. George Harcourt. Deputy Minister of Agriculture, as my purchasing agent for that province. Mr. Harcourt appointed Mr. C. Nairn as his representative at Edmonton and Mr. W. Carson at Calgary. It appeared to me that was the only thing to do under the circumstances, especi- ally as I felt all seed grain that could be purchased in that province should be bought there, to ensure prompt delivery besides saving extra freights. From time to time I received reports from Mr. li. E. A. Leech, Regina, showing number of applications and amounts of various kinds of grain required for seed. The tirst of these reached me on March S. at which time 9,470 applications had been received, the last of such reports I received on April S. as follows: — Number of applications. 15,275. Bushels of wheat. 514,772. Bushels of oats, <;TT. 572. Bushels of barley, 89,649. Upon requisition from Mr. Leech the first shipment of cleaned seed grain com- prising twenty-three cars left Winnipeg on March 3. I attach hereto a statement showing summary of seed grain on requisitions and petty cash sales shipped to Saskatchewan and Alberta: — Saskatchewan — Total wheat on requisitions 466.698 15 Total oats on requisitions 548,800 03 Total barley on requisitions 23.336 00 1.03S.S34 18 Alberta — Total wheat on requisitions 30,820 00 Total oats on requisitions 192.730 11 Total barley on requisitions 23.640 00 247.190 11 Sold Saskatchewan government 1.2693 75 5 M. bus., 1 14 5,700 00 5 M. bus., 1 14 5,700 00 5 M. bus., 1 14 5,700 00 5 M. bus., 113j 5,693 75 Commission 50 00 At credit C. C. Castle 1,518 75 $45,568 75 $45,568 75 Winnipeg, February 29, 1908. On account purchase and sale by Parrish & Lindsay. Bought 5,000 at $1 13* $ 5,675 00 15,000 at 1 13| 17>043 ?3 30,000 at 1 13 33,900 00 25,000 at 1 13 28,250 00 $84,868 75 Sold 10,000 at 1 134-1 n>356 25 25,000 at 1 13 28,250 00 10,000 at 1 13f 11,362 50 10,000 at 1 14| 11,437 50 10,000 at 1 14J n.450 00 10,000 at 1 14| 11,462 50 85,318 75 $450 00 Commission, ^g 46 88 To credit C. C. Castle $403 12 Less interest on margins 15 00 $388 12 25c— 5 66 CORRESPOyDEXCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Winnipeg, February 28, 1908. On account purchase and sale by Parrish & Lindsay. January 29, Bought 25,000 at $1.09 $27,250 00 February 28, Sold 25,000 at $1.09 J $27,281 25 Commission J cent 31 25 127,281 25 $27,281 25 Winnipeg, March 7, 1908. On account purchase and sale by North Stair Grain Company. February 20, Sold 15.000 May, $1.12| $16,912 50 March 6, Sold 14,000 May, 1.131 15,890 00 February 14, Bought 4,000 1 Nor., $1.10£ $ 4,435 00 20,000 1 Nor., 1.10} 22,050 00 5,000 1 Nor., l.lOf 5,537 50 Commission J 36 25 At credit C. C. Castle 743 75 $32,802 50 $32,802 50 Winnipeg, March 2, 1908. On account purchase and sale by Imperial Elevator and Lumber Co. February 29, Sold 15,000 Wpg. May, $1.12* $16,875 00 5,000 Wpg. May, 1.12* 5,625 00 5,000 Wpg. May, 1.12g 5,618 75 10,000 Wpg. May, 1.12| 11,237 50 Bought 35,000 Wpg. May, $1.10$ $38,806 25 Commission * ' 43 75 At credit C. C. Castle 506 25 $39,356 25 $39,356 25 Winnipeg. March 6. 1908. On account purchase and sale by Canadian Elevator Co. Bought May option wheat 5,000, $1.10 $5,500 00 Sold May option wheat 5,000, $1.13* $5,687 50 Less commission £ G 25 At credit C. C. Castle 181 25 $5,687 50 $5,687 50 SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Winnipeg, March 6, 1908. On account purchase and sale by Canadian Elevator Co. Feb. 11, Bought May option wheat, 10,000, $1.10. . . . $11,006 00 Mar. 5, Sold May option wheat, 10,000, $1.13 $11,300 00 Less commission J 12 50 $11,021 50 $11,300 00 At credit C. C. Castle 287 50 $11,300 00 $11,300 00 Winnipeg, March 2, 1908. On account purchase and sale by the Canadian Elevator Co. Feb. 11, Bought May option, 25,000 bushels, $1.09J .... $27,468 75 Feb. 28, Sold May option, 20,000 bushels, $1.13| $22,750 00 Sold May option, 5,000 bushels, $1.13 J 5,675 00 Less commission £ 31 25 $27,500 00 $28,425 00 At credit C. C. Castle 925 00 $28,425 00 $28,425 00 Winnipeg, March 9, 1908. Account, purchase and sale by Winnipeg Elevator Company. Bought 12,000, May, $1.13 Sold 10,000, May, $1.13 Sold 2,000, May, $1.12J De $ 5 00 Commission J 15 00 At debit C. C. Castle $20 00 SCHEDULE 'E.' confirmation of sales. Winnipeg, February 11, 190S. The Canadian Elevator Company, Limited. C .C. Castle, Esq., Warehouse Commissioner. We confirm the following sales to you to-day: — Thirty thousand bushels (30 M.) at $1.10. Twenty-five thousand bushels (25 M.) at $1.09|, basis, one northern — two northern to be applied at two (2) cents discount — three northern at eight (8) cents discount. No. four wheat at fifteen (15) cents discount. Delivery, Winnipeg basis, Fort William freight. 25c— 5* 68 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909< To be shipped from country points as fast as cars are obtained. Purchaser has privilege of rejecting wheat not suitable for seed purposes on account of wild oats and noxious weeds. THE CANADIAN ELEVATOR CO., LIMITED. (Sgd.) ' Godfrey.' Checked and found correct, R. J. HOWDEN. SCHEEDULE ' E— 2.' Winnipeg, Man., March 5, 1908. C. C. Castle, Purchasing Agent, Winnipeg, Man. Dear Sir, — We hereby agree to cancel and do cancel all our sales to you of wheat for future delivery, according to the terms of our contracts dated February 11, 1908, and February 29, 1908, upon the conditions that you account to us for losses occasioned in our selling the May options at the market to cover the final unfilled portion of the above mentioned contracts, and that we account to you for gains so occasioned. We agree to ship out our 1 Northern, 2 Northern, 3 Northern and No. 4 Wheat as rapidly as ears are obtainable, from the following points: — Vonda, Howell, Borden, Saskatoon, Hanley, Hague, Rosthern. In consideration you agree to accept and pay for all wheat desirable for seed of the said grades shipped from the said stations, subject to the conditions and prem- iums hereinafter set forth. All wheat shall be rejected if it contains any darnel, ragweed, sow thistle or Canada thistle. The term ' noxious weed seeds ' as used herein shall include wild oats and purple cockle in addition to the aforementioned weed seeds. All wheat con- taining more than the maximum of seeds allowed hereinafter shall be rejected. All bulkhead cars shall be rejected. Premiums on accepted cars will apply as follows : — A. Containing no noxious weed seeds whatever, 20 cents. B. Containing maximum one noxious weed seed per pound, 15 cents. C. Containing maximum five noxious weed seeds per pound, 10 cents. D. Containing maximum eight noxious weed seeds per pound, 5 cents. E. If wheat does not classify in groups A, B, C or D, and contains maximum of ten wild oats or twenty purple cockle per pound, it will be accepted, but no premium will be allowed : Provided that if the wheat contains a maximum of five wild oats per pound, a maximum of ten purple cockle only shall be allowed for acceptance. Price and premium shall be based upon closing May price in store at Fort William or Port Arthur at date of inspection, and the spreads for 1 Northern, 2 Northern, 3 Northern and No. 4 shall be three, eight and fifteen cents respectively. You agree to pay storage in lake terminals up to and including May 1, 1908, on all cars of the above mentioned grades shipped from the above mentioned stations, if said cars are rejected as being undesirable for seed purposes, and actually go into store in said terminals as determined by surrender of terminals out-turns. No provisions of this 'contract shall be retroactive. All deliveries on previous contracts shall be settled upon prices of such contracts and without premiums. This contract shall become operative upon execution by both parties. It shall cease and become inoperative upon forty-eight hours' notice in writing from you to that effect. You agree to apply upon this contract all cars otherwise applicable to this contract received and inspected at Winnipeg up to and including the last, day of the expiration SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c of said forty-eight hours' notice, but it is provided that no cars received and inspected at Winnipeg after the expiration of said notice shall be applied upon this contract. The provisions of this contract as to prices and premiums but not as to indemnity of terminal storage charges shall apply to all of our wheat coming forward from any station west of Winnipeg. Dominion weights and grades shall govern in all cases. The seed commissioner's inspection, upon official sample, shall be final as to the desirability for seed and con- sequent determination of premiums. Bills of lading shall be surrendered without advances upon notice from you, and cars shall be invoiced when complete. Approved : CANADIAN ELEV. CO. L. (Sgd.) A. K. Godfrey. Approved: (Sgd.) CHARLES C. CASTLE, Purchasing Agent. REPORT OF THE DISTRIBUTING AGENT. Regina, Sask., June 22, 1908. W. W. Cory, Esq., Deputy Minister of the Interior, Ottawa, Ont. Dear Sir,— In connection with seed grain distribution work, I beg to make an interim report, as follows: — At the request of the Minister of the Interior, I took charge of the distribution of seed grain in the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta, as per the agreements entered into between the Minister of the Interior and the representatives of the Saskatchewan and Alberta governments. In Ottawa, in the latter part of January and first of February, I arranged for the printing and distribution of notices and circulars regarding the terms and conditions of the proposed seed grain distribution, forms of application, liens, mortgages, &c. On February 11, I arrived in Regina to open offices and organize a staff for handling the work. By the terms of the regulations governing the seed grain distribu- tion, applications were to be made in duplicate before the secretary-treasurers of local improvement districts, Dominion land agents, sub-land agents, homestead inspectors, immigration agents or Northwest Mounted Police; the original application form to be immediately forwarded to my office, afterwards to be forwarded to the various land offices, or provincial authorities, for verification as to the interest of applicants in the lands described; the duplicate to be approved, or otherwise, by the council of the local improvement district and subsequently forwarded to me. In order to meet the requirements of Section 13, of the agreements made in Ottawa, February 3, between the Minister of the Interior and the representatives of the Saskatchewan and Alberta governments, respectively, I was notified that Mr. D. S. McCannel was appointed to represent the Saskatchewan government, and Mr. George Stevenson was appointed to represent the Alberta government. Those repre- sentatives opened offices, convenient to my own, and their approval was had to all applications made by non-homesteaders, for the respective provinces, before seed was delivered. In order to facilitate keeping an accurate and readily available record of applica- tions, I prepared registers and divided the work by land districts. In those registers the following notations are made: — ' Application number,' ' name,' ' post office address,' ' description of land,' ' original application received,' ' amount applied for,' ' date original application sent land office,' 'date original application sent provincial government,' 'date original applica- 70 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 lion received back,' ' amount finally recommended,' ' papers sent railway agent, giving date and station,' ' date lien received from railway agent,' ' amount of seed supplied, wheat, oats and barley,' ' amount charged to governments, Dominion, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and cash sales.' On February 13, the first applications were received. February 22 was the first date fixed for closing applications. The time for receiving applications, however, was extended from time to time and was, eventually, left open. The last application received was June 16, and seed was delivered on this application. Altogether 16,615 applications were received and dealt with by this office. As applications were finally approved they were listed for shipment under the stations at which the applicants desired their seed delivered. Each day, as the approved applications for any railway station made up a car lot of any given grain, a requisition was issued upon Mr. Charles C. Castle, purchasing agent, Winnipeg, for the shipment of the same. The first of such requisitions was made February 28, for 26 cars, and daily requisitions, as required, were made subsequently during the ship- ping season. The last requisition was made May 13. The total requisitions are as follows : — Cars. Wheat 500 Oats 482 Barley , 39 In addition to this, however, grain was shipped on the requisition of Hon. W. T. Finlay, for the province of Alberta, as follows :— Cars. Wheat 2 Oats 14 which will also be accounted for through this office. In all, 1,037 cars of seed were shipped out for distribution. When seed was shipped by Mr. Castle, the shipping bills were sent to this office, invoices accompanying the same, which were noted in our records. To the shipping bill for each car we attached a delivery list with liens and mortgages for execution by the applicants before the railway agents at time of delivery, it being necessary to take a separate mortgage, or lien, for each kind of grain owing to the deliveries being made at different times. For each car of seed the number of deliveries to be made to applicants varied from 20 to, in one instance, 121, requiring the execution of as many securities. The first shipping bills were received at this office March 11th and were for 67 cars, and on the same day were sent forward to the various railway agents (or in the case of flag stations, to homestead inspectors) with the necessary delivery lists, liens and mortgages attached ; also, each applicant was notified of the seed being shipped. As it was important that applicants should be able to receive the seed as soon as it reached its destination, we made it the rule of the office that "all the shipping bills should be sent forward, with lists, liens, mortgages, &c, on the day that they were received, and I am pleased to be able to report, that while we received as high as 81 shipping bills in one day, none ever remained over night in our office. Seed was delivered at 175 stations in Saskatchewan, and 75 stations in Alberta, making 250 stations in all; and the quantities ranged from a very few bushels up to, in one instance, 32 cars at one station. In accordance with the arrangements made with the Canadian Pacific and Cana- dian Northern railways their agents made delivery of the grain at the railway stations, and had the necessary documents executed. This was a very important part of the work, and, on the whole, has been done in a satisfactory manner. Deliveries at flag stations were attended to by homestead inspectors. Owing to the enormous amount of work in connection with deliveries, I arranged for homestead inspectors to supervise the work on all railway lines, allotting to each SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCBEM l\ I \ /> ALBERTA 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c a certain territory, which they attended to in addition to flag stations. By this means railway agents having heavy deliveries were given assistance. As the deliveries for each car were completed the railway agent was requested to give a ' return statement ' showing the deliveries as they had been made, on a form provided, and attach thereto the securities taken. Up to the present time these ' returns ' and securities have not all been received at this office, but they will probably reach a total exceeding 30,000 in number. A separate file was made for each applicant to which was attached his application in duplicate, all correspondence in connection therewith, and the liens, mortgages or cash sale invoices taken in settlement for seed delivered. As liens, mortgages or cash sale invoices are received they are entered into our ' out-turn ' grain books and our ' application ' register, and attached to the proper application files. When all liens, mortgages or cash sale invoices relating to an appli- cation file are received, the file with the securities is immediately transferred to Ottawa in the case of homesteaders, and to the provincial authorities respectively in the case of non-homesteaders. Duplicates of non-homesteader's files are made, and the same forwarded to Ottawa. At the present time, about 50 per cent of the files have been disposed of in the above manner. RE UNSATISFACTORY SEED. In every case where complaint was made about the seed supplied not being satis- factory, I immediately had an investigation made, in most instances by a deputy grain inspector, and where the seed, upon examination, was not thoroughly satisfactory I immediately stopped delivery of the same and requested applicants who had received such seed to return it, when satisfactory seed would be substituted. Many complaints, however, proved to be not well founded, and more particularly in connection with oats. The earlier deliveries of oats were western grown. Later, when English oats were being delivered, being of much superior quality, many became dissatisfied with the western oats they had received. Up to the present time, however, I have not had a complaint that the oats supplied have failed to grow satisfactorily. I have had a few complaints of seed wheat not giving satisfactory germination, and am having each case thoroughly investigated. So far as these cases have been reported upon, it is clearly evident that the seed was seriously injured by formalin treatment by the farmer previous to sowing. ALLOTMENTS NOT CALLED FOR. Considerable quantities of seed delivered to various points were not called for by applicants. These refer particularly to applications for barley. In the application form each applicant was asked to state, whether, in the event of the kind of grain applied for not being available, he would be satisfied to have some other kind of grain substituted. Almost invariably applicants consented to this suggestion. In connection with barley it was found that only about one-third of the quantity required could be secured, and oats were therefore substituted on applications for barley. When those substituted oats arrived at destination points the farmers appeared to be disappointed in not receiving barley ; and the season then being somewhat late, they, in a great many instances, preferred not to take oats. There were also many cases where people living long distances from the railway stations did not receive the notice of their grain being shipped, in reasonable time. Also, there were a number of cases where settlers had rivers and streams to cross to reach the railway station, and having to depend upon ferry crossings, which owing to high water, were unable to operate, they were disappointed in not being able to take the seed they required. 72 CORRESPONDENCE AM) PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 QUALITY OF SEED. Out of 1,037 cars sent out for distribution the entire complaints received will only refer to about 15 cars, and of this number there does not appear to have been reason- able ground for complaint against more than 8 cars, which is quite a small percentage of the entire shipments. The seed, generally, appears to have been carefully inspected and well cleaned. I have scores of letters expressing appreciation and satisfaction, both as to quality of seed, prices for the same, and the manner in which the business was handled inA con- nection with seed distribution. Owing to the very short time between the commencement of seed grain distribu- tion operations and seeding time it required a large office staff to handle the business. For three months my staff of about 35 in number worked every day from 7 a.m. until nearly midnight, and sometimes even later. I am pleased, however, to be able to re- port that each day's business was cleared up on the day it was received, and that no oversight or miscarriage appears to have occurred in connection with a single appli- cation. SEED GRAIN DISTRIBUTION A NECESSITY. While the distribution did not reach the proportions anticipated, there is no ques- tion as to the necessity for making the distribution. In many districts seed was not available, and settlers had not the means to purchase the same. Owing to the general financial stringency settlers were unable to borrow, even upon good securities. I be- lieve I am well within the mark in saying that 500,000 acres have been seeded which would not have been were it not for the present seed grain distribution. A consider- able additional acreage would probably have been sown with inferior seed, which would have given poor results. This upon an average crop return will yield an extra eight or ten million dollars to the crop returns for this year in the provinces of Saskatche- wan and Alberta. Attached hereto please find schedules as follows :— 1. The number of applicants by land districts to whom seed grain was advanced, and whether upon homesteader's liens, seed grain mortgages or cash sales. 2. The number of applications rejected or cancelled, by land districts. 3. Statement of grain distributed at railway stations in Saskatchewan, showing the kind, quantities and grades of grain delivered. 4. Statement of grain distributed at railway stations in Alberta, showing the kind, quantities and grades of grain delivered. 5. A statement showing the total seed grain delivered. I have the honour to be, Your obedient servant, E. E. A. LEECH, Inspector, D. L. Agencies. SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c N.B. — Railway agents in some cases not having sent in final returns of deliveries made, the figures in the schedules hereto in some cases are approximated, and -will be subject to correction when completed returns are available. SCHEDULE No. 1. No. OF APPLICANTS RECEIVING SEED GRAIN AND TERMS ( IF SETTLEMENT. Land District. Settlement by Liens. Mortgages. Cash Sales. Total. Saskatchewan — 1,472 728 215 875 1,501 790 259 90 302 131 154 1,361 2,100 92 1,025 490 21 56 84 11 17 12 1,795 859 369 2,292 3,685 899 1,301 592 Battlt-ford Yorkton Moosejaw Estevan .... 5,936 5,655 201 11,792 11.792 Alberta — Lethbridge 1,125 90 210 119 1,047 27 314 219 144 13 24 66 2,316 130 554 484 Calgary 1,630 1,607 247 3,484 3,4M Total 15,276 SCHEDULE No. 2. STATEMENT SHOWING THE NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS REJECTED AND CANCELLED. Saskatchewan land district — Cancelled Application. Humboldt 115 Battleford 157 Prince Albert 37 Begina 127 Yorkton 193 Moosejaw '8 Estevan 80 Brandon 29 816 816 Alberta land- district — Edmonton 265 Lethbridge 23 Bed Deer 119 Calgary 116 523 523 Total 1,339 74 CORRESPONDENCE AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 19091 SCHEDULE No. 3. Statement of Grain distributed at Railway Stations in Saskatchewan. Station. Wheat. Oats. Im- ported. Barley. INr. 2Nr. 3 Nr. No. 4. 1 Wh. 2 Wh. 3 Wh. 628 1,250 13 355 1,7»5 663 682 1,170 3,505 2,013 3,650 3S0 2,035 1,214 2,746 1,046 970 1,536 490 297 180 1,565 1,102 6,896 29,022 500 235 1,620 640 861 2,095 55 810 1,235 635 2,247 3,620 379 2,678 3,216 1,084 157 1,018 72 1,352 1,400 669 1,715 1,425 225 1,866 460 1,750 6,207 2,883 4,805 ' 1,050 3,075 4,858 1,309 777 700 2,750 1,050 1,034 1,050 336 5,111 2,960 Areola 1,684 2,232 2,234 3,692 3,436 3,924 220 1,050 4,146 1,200 1,800 5,508 Balgonie Battleford 348 1,000 Belle Plain "iia 113 1,000 1,419 Birch Hills. . 1,530 905 701) 467 205 30 2C0 159 676 454 1,090 1,016 2,966 615 3,196 1,000 1,181 1,727 902 200 2,425 3,357 3,071 2,448 2,628 1.040 640 3,147 1,016 300 Canora 830 2,324 1,000 1.00S 1,722 1,187 9 1,710 710 89 1,800 1,056 650 1.050 429 350 131 2,200 3,044 609 1,236 1,800 6,025 1,922 1,050 968 397 Cupar 1,050 1,050 1,836 1,250 253 180 650 1,100 1,785 1,170 Earl Grey. . . 115 3,617 455 1,553 653 Kbor. - Englefeldt.. 178 1,000 1,080 1,218 2,!)84 1,050 1,200 1,309 128 » 745 262 668 2,635 443 8,199 3,864 2,050 1,000 1,480 2,930 2,826 3,000 2,064 1,791 2,228 8,038 200 1,800 1,788 370 40 174 Forget 2,008 3,736 2,072 2,432 5,087 1,050 807 666 200 1,939 714 250 318 1,382 2,243 3,900 1,251 2,160 1,250 3,470 334 Gainsboro ' 3,000 2,440 682 1,404 2,693 1,018 173 1,166 4,986 1,215 380 1,150 385 972 SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c 75 SCHEDULE No. 3. Statement of Grain distributed at Railway Stations in Saskatchewan — Continued. Station Wheat. Oats. Im- ported. Barley. 1 Nr. 2 Nr. 3Nr. No. 4. 1 Wh. 2 Wh. 3 Wh. 106 1,670 1,082 610 1,292 489 605 2,800 2,368 575 1,000 637 1,400 261 1,325 775 604 301 1,052 641 245 4,791 1,973 1 200 5,445 1.103 9,390 1,083 483 1,798 610 1,952 548 1,775 899 1,205 170 2,490 2.34S 2,646 8,312 674 9,712 610 192 1,767 1,329 202 1,885 654 1,200 514 2,965 1,547 506 244 1,199 1,200 2,157 364 1,110 Hirsoh 2,050 3,780 10 648 164 13 325 1,632 1,239 1,050 792 67 1,038 850 Killaly. 516 310 1,112 1,314 100 92 229 692 202 1,609 796 1,060 5,126 127 3,010 1,320 24 155 1,597 996 1,573 129 7,986 682 2,234 846 1,116 3,503 1,050 1,070 954 1,040 3,600 2,364 128 1,839 900 588 758 2,086 Lloydininster 2,280 1,624 4,029 1,239 3,379 1,000 978 4,9'IS 3,621 2,705 2,086 1,314 3,555 594 147 975 1,105 1,800 Marshall j 566 1,394 999 524 1,800 34 101 908 1,050 1,502 1,475 1,050 1,970 75 Melfort Midale 148 852 2,949 1,701 320 897 618 2,984 1,512 236 1,5411 18ii 177 210 1,032 1,020 2,160 1,800 3,597 2,607 110 Mortlach 1,038 1,732 402 440 McDowell 1,050 366 490 786 1,058 140 214 2,596 1,050 800 3,270 2,138 N. Battleford 977 1,194 200 1,500 1,897 104 1,078 120 630 1,413 80 32i North Portal 12C 260 912 3,379 70 3,100 55 1,306 1,298 240 462 440 10 956 119 Pilot Butte 95 50 76 CORRESPOXDEXCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII, A. 1909 SCHEDULE No. 3. STATEMENT of Grain distributed at Railway Stations in Saskatchewan — Concluded. Wheat. Oats. Im- ported. Barley. 1 Nr. •J Nr. 3 Nr. Xo. 4. 1 Wh. 2 Wh. 3 Wh. 55 932 405 757 3,032 756 1,800 4,354 462 78 3,620 1,419 300 9,639 3,782 2,521 4,352 330 44 3,168 4,003 775 1,565 1,926 289 4,186 78 562 5,365 2,280 3,069 6,395 1,842 875 8,321 1,583 14,982 805 1,212 696 7,213 2,383 325 330 2,843 155 3,014 255 470 9,520 1,816 747 1,051 3,003 4,436 528 25 1,158 1,903 390 692 1,100 2.340 1,970 970 520 1,000 1,100 3,651 1,050 50 324 5,895 211 947 1,050 100 2,996 1,025 2,860 13 1,052 532 372 644 478 159 1,878 1,026 958 13,153 716 1,986 1,438 3,600 :::::::: 598 100 687 768 2,297 1,800 235 Star City 653 3& Stockholm 996 1,024 I 1,050 4,866 1,319 2,230 1,556 3,750 430 3,410 3,124 180 535 13S 979 72 1,760 2,578 103 Tiny Tisdale 177 1,050 110 1,800 1,911 Togo Tuxford 302 '.174 1,976 1,778 2,028 1,428 155 Tyvan Vonda 932 1,131 2,093 655 1.576 674 1,764 1,240 Wapella 4 1,209 145 368 1,000 241 Warman 972 1,048 1,448 1,030 2,110 2.010 300 470 4,215 1,137 5,880 2,000 1,668 2,212 517 1,909 Wawota Welwyn Weyburn 1,002 1,090 Whitewood 222 3,098 1,100 1,530 3,693 2,400 3,026 30,711 170 Windthorst ... 1,658 1,271 465 Wolseley Yellow Grass 196 398 60,013 2,140 1,362 902 Total 74,668 229,506 87,282 425 204,873 1,056 333,492 24,154 SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c 77 SCHEDULE No. 4. Statement of Grain distributed at Railway Stations in A.lberta. Station. Wheat. Oats. Im- ported. Barley. 1 Nr. 2 Nr. 3 Nr. No. 4. 1 Wh. 2 Wh. 3 Wh. 85 9 394 572 120 1,392 50 Alix 558 675 60 270 1,920 110 1,866 306 Bawlf . 344 8 289 62 1,645 115 2,709 1,858 251 351 60 44 378 740 522 1,634 55 64 116 2,001 1,822 120 25 1,731 120 470 8 14 265 1,200 125 736 75 401 46 95 '"776 100 1,060 65 700 2,526 1,200 3,590 4,832 100 12 160 810 1,800 512 202 500 854 524 353 748 30 85 1,690 10 120 Grassy Lake 15 522 3,201 774 200 680 8,639 8,466 1,800 680 1,122 1,122 149 1,789 267 258 4.000 461 10 412 717 582 1,266 30G 710 980 165 304 154 180 1,605 242 175 648 2,766 2 702 404 1 607 us 770 698 11,591 64 . 28 30 Leduc 178 1,188 72 208 537 S94 5,089 1,467 1,330 78 1,699 199 20 1,132 613 180 712 Millet 1,399 5,372 569 35 280 915 216 111 430 100 360 10 160 2,858 1,249 250 475 1,219 502 4,388 568 5,761 10 455 3,354 365 403 1,842 Olds 199 660 139 Penhold 14 332 1,716 380 1,893 1,250 105 20 Red Deer 700 1,906 668 78 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 SCHEDULE No. 4. Statement of Grain distributed at Kailway Stations in Alberta — Concluded. Station. Wheat. Oats. Im- ported. 40 3,928 Barley. INr. 2Nr. 301 3Xr. No. 4 1 Wb. 2 Wh. 764 3 Wh. 55 112 St. Albert.. . . . ... 24 Sheppard 446 855 302 Stettler 214 786 313 128 3,989 1,240 3,805 74» 677 174 385 1,768 156 1,086 Taber. 129 98 28 936 1,626 TVs. . . '4J46 8,922 185 517 Vermillion Walsh.. 1,000 160 086 345 1,458 185 5,031 1,742 1,932 2,889 1,904 1,110 60,323 Total 5,746 6,099 17,984 894 2,393 7.S4S 110,522 20,886 SCHEDULE No. 5. Statement showing Total Grain distributed in Saskatchewan and Alberta. 66,013 5,746 71,759 74.668 6,099 229,506 17,984 87,282 894 88,176 425 204,873 1,056 333,492 7,848 110,522 24,154 2,393j 60,323 2,818 265,196 20,886 Total. . . 80,767 247,490 8,904 444,014 45,040 Total w Total o: Total b. 488,192 720.932 45,040 • 1,254.164 SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 79 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c REPORT OF THE SEED COMMISSIONER. REPORT ON WORK OF SEED BRANCH IN CONNECTION WITH THE PURCHASE AND DISTRIBUTION OF GOVERNMENT SEED GRAIN. Directly after the early frosts, which occurred in western Canada in the fall of 1907, steps were taken by the Seed Branch to ascertain the extent of the damage to the crop, and to collect all possible information as to which districts were so seriously affected as to require seed from outside points, and also the districts from which the necessary seed could be procured. The district officers located at Calgary, Regina and Winnipeg covered the three provinces as thoroughly as possible and collected samples of wheat, oats and barley, which were sent to our seed laboratories at Ottawa and Calgary, for germination test. A large number of samples were also secured direct from the farmers, and from the results of the germination tests of these samples, numbering about 2,500, much valuable information as to the actual condition of the crop was obtained. Results of the germination tests conducted up to January 10, together with information as to how the tests should be conducted and how the results should be interpreted, were published in bulletin form and 60,000 copies distributed throughout the west. When the question arose as to the amount of seed that it would be necessary to purchase in order to supply the needy areas, the information compiled by the officers of the Seed Branch, together with that obtained from the results of our germination tests, was placed at the disposal of the governments interested. A calculation wa3 made of the areas in the three provinces where seed wheat, oats and barley would have to be secured from outside sources. This estimate did not take into consideration the ability of the farmers to help themselves by procuring their own seed from dis- tant districts. WORK OF THE SEED BRANCH AS FIRST DEFINED. The work of the Seed Branch, as defined by the order in council, covering the regulations respecting the purchase, sale and distribution of seed grain to homestead settlers in the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, was confined to giving advice, when asked, as to the purchases outside Canada, and to making vitality tests of grain purchased in the west, or elsewhere, when such tests were considered necessary. The first eight sections of the order in council read as follows : — 1. All purchases of grain in Canada shall be made by the warehouse commis- sioner of the Department of Trade and Commerce, C. C. Castle, hereinafter called ' the purchasing agent,' and all purchases outside of Canada, shall be made by the purchasing agent under the advice, when it is practicable to obtain the same, of the 6eed commissioner of the Department of Agriculture, G. H. Clark. 2. Wheat shall be bought through the ordinary channels of the grain trade at current prices, from day to day at western receiving elevators, at Winnipeg, in transit to Fort William, at Fort William or elsewhere, subject to official grade and weight by proper officers of the grain inspection and weighing branch of the Department of Trade and Commerce; grades 1 and 2 Northern only shall be purchased if sufficient of these grades can be procured, but if not, No. 3 Northern may be purchased from receiving elevators or in transit at Winnipeg, but not in terminal elevators; grade No. 4 wheat may, if necessary, be purchased wherever it can be purchased, having due regard to its suitability for seed purposes, its grading and cleanliness, but should only be purchased in the event of there not being sufficient of the other grades pro- curable. 3. Oats shall be purchased through the ordinary channels of the grain trade at western receiving elevators, at Winnipeg, in transit to Fort William, at Fort William, 80 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 or elsewhere, including eastern Canada, and shall be of grades Nos. 1, 2 and 3 white oats, as inspected and weighed by the Dominion Grain Inspection and Weigh- ing officials, provided, however, should such purchases be made subject to a test as to vitality, a fixed advance on the market price from day to day may be arranged for by the purchasing agent at his discretion. 4. Barley shall be purchased as in the case of oats and wheat and may also be purchased in eastern Canada, and shall be of grades Nos. 2, 3 extra and 3. 5. Where practicable grain may be purchased in car lots direct from farmers in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta at current prices from day to day, subject to official weight and grade. 6. All possible precaution shall be taken to have all seed purchased free from smut, noxious weed seeds and other varieties of grain, and with this object in view all such grain shall, if found necessary, be recleaned as thoroughly as possible at such warehouse cleaning plant as can be secured for this purpose. T. Inspection, cleaning and recleaning shall be done under the direction of the purchasing agent by the grain inspector of the Department of Trade and Commerce, David Horn, assisted by such officers as may be appointed for the purpose by the governments of the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, respectively. 8. The seed testing branch of the Dominion Department of Agriculture, under the direction of the seed commissioner, assisted by such officers as may be appointed for the purpose by the governments of the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan respectively, shall make tests for the purpose of ascertaining the vitality of all seed grain purchased in the west or elsewhere, whenever the same may be in the judgment of the seed commissioner necessary and practicable. From the above it was clear that the work of the seed branch was defined in sec- tions 1 and 8, and the responsibility of inspecting the grain offered for sale was to rest with the officers of the grain inspection and weighing branch of the Department of Trade and Commerce. With this division of work in mind, I wrote to Mr. C. C. Castle, purchasing agent, and Mr. E. D. Eddy, my district officer in Manitoba, on February 10, as follows : — Mr. Charles C. Castle, Warehouse Commissioner, Winnipeg, Man. Dear Mr. Castle, — I am to-day writing to my district officer at Winnipeg, Mr. E. D. Eddy, to call upon you and place himself at your disposal in the matter of con- ducting vitality tests of seed oats, barley or wheat. Mr. Eddy will make arrangements to have germination tests made in some greenhouse at Winnipeg, and you may expect to receive from him a report on the percentage germination at the end of five days, at least within a week, from the time you hand him the sample. Of course you would not be able to defer purchases for such germination report, but the records of such report may be useful before the seed be forwarded for distribution. Seed oats that will germinate 50 per cent during the first five days should be counted as of satisfactory quality, considering the condition of the 1907 crop in the western provinces. ' Oats of the 1906 crop will germinate more than 90 per cent in five days. Those that will not germinate in five days under greenhouse conditions will scarcely be of much use when sown under field conditions, unless the soil is moist and the weather be exceptionally favourable. Very truly yours, (Signed) G. H. CLARK, Seed Commissioner. SEED GRAHi IX SASKATCHEWAN AXD ALBERTA 81 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Mr. E. D. Eddy, Edwards Block, Winnipeg, Man. Dear Mr. Eddy, — I enclose herewith, copy of letter sent to-day to Mr. Castle, Warehouse Commissioner, Winnipeg. Mr. Castle has been nominated chief officer in connection with the purchase of seed grain for the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta, and it is necessary that we give him all possible assistance that we can. I have no doubt that you have plenty of work on hand, but this work of Mr. Castle's must be attended to, and attended to very promptly. You will therefore at once place yourself at his disposal, as indicated in my letter, and receive samples from him twice daily, by calling at his office. Without troubling Mr. Castle about the matter, you will, at our expense, make arrangements for having the oats tested in the soil for vitality. It would be most satisfactory if you could procure from some greenhouse convenient to your office enough space for conducting these germination tests. If you cannot get space in any greenhouse, you had better get a room, until April 1st, with windows having a south exposure, and heated so that the temperature will not fall below 55 degrees at any time, and be kept at an average temperature of not less than 65 degrees. You will obtain definite agreement as to the cost of space in greenhouse or rent of room, in advance. If need be, you will have boxes for germination tests and trestles made on rush order for the work. It is first of importance that there shall be no delay, and you will act throughout according to the instructions of Mr. Charles C. Castle. I append herewith description of the boxes used in our Ottawa laboratory for soil tests, and the method of planting and counting, which I think you should follow throughout. Faithfully yours, (Signed) G. H. CLAEK, Seed Commissioner. WORK OF INSPECTION ASSUMED. On February 10th I received the following telegram from Mr. Eddy: — ' Warehouse Commissioner Castle starts buying seed grain here Wednesday and wants me to get authority to pass on it for purity and vitality. Wire instructions.' On the morning of February 11th I received the following letter from Mr. David Horn, Chief Grain Inspector at Winnipeg: — Mr. G. H. Clark, Seed Commissioner, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. Dear Sir. — Mr. C'astlo, Warehouse Commissioner, has been commissioned by the Department of the Interior to purchase seed grain for the needy farmers in Saskat- chewan, Alberta, and, I presume, also Manitoba. Mr. Castle seems to think that I will have to take the responsibility of passing upon and inspecting the seed he purchases. This it seems to me is practically the duty of your department, and, if not you, then the staffs of the experimental farms, or the two of you together. This morning I asked your Mr. Eddy to come in and see me and he informs me that he has no instructions of any kind. Mr. Castle is going on with his arrangements and will be purchasing largely immediately. My opinion is that you should at once see the Department of the Interior and arrange for your staff to be responsible for the accepting of what is deemed acceptable seed. I am willing to co-operate as far as lies in my power and as far as is practicable in stating what the grade of such purchases is in the market, but it seems to me it is up to you to decide when it is good seed and in a fit state for sowing. 25c— 6 82 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 1 hope you will see this in the same light as I do and that you will take action at once. Yours truly, (Signed) DAVID HORN, Chief Inspector. This made it clear that the Grain Inspection Branch at Winnipeg was not pre- pared to accept the responsibility of passing on the grain for seed purposes. In conference with the Honourable the Minister of the Interior on the morning of February 11th, I was requested to provide a staff to do the inspection work; and I agreed to this, with the understanding that the provincial governments, who were the real purchasers, should set the standard of purity to which my inspectors should work. This was agreed to, and the following telegram was sent to Mr. Eddy : — ' You will provide Castle with written statement, showing probable vitality oats or barley. Also certificate purity all kinds. If samples will pass Seed Act without label, mark certificates accordingly. Retain all samples and copies of certificates. Wire if you need additional help.' The following letters explain my position and the instructions given on this question : — February 13, 1908. To the Honourable the Minister of the Interior, Ottawa. RE INSPECTION OF SEED GRAIN PURCHASED BY C. C. CASTLE. My understanding in conference in your office together with provincial represen- tatives from Alberta and Saskatchewan et al was that all present agreed as to the inadvisability of purchasing and distributing seed grain contaminated with wild oats and other noxious impurities. Further, that the provincial representatives approved of Mr. Castle's suggestion to rely on the ruling of the Chief Grain Inspector at Winni- peg in the matter of grade, purity and vitality of seed wheat, oats and barley that might be inspected at that point. On the night of February 10, I received a telegram from my district officer at Winnipeg, Mr. E. D. Eddy, and on the morning- of the 11th a letter from Mr. David Horn, dated February 8th, which made clear to me that the Chief Grain Inspector respectfully declined to assume the responsibility in the matter of purity and vitality of the seed grain to be purchased by Mr. Castle. My previous instructions to Mr. Eddy have been to report to Mr. Castle twice daily and arrange to make actual vitality tests promptly, as required by Mr. Castle. My further instructions to Mr. Eddy, on the morning of February 11, were to at once assume responsibility in the matter of purity and vitality of seed, as per samples submitted by Mr. Castle, by furnishing Mr. Castle with a statement showing estimate of the percentage vitality of the grain, and the kinds, if any. and total number of noxious weed seeds per pound. On the morning of February 11, I also instructed my district officer for Saskatchewan to proceed at once to Winnipeg to Mr. Eddy's assistance, and on February 12 Mr. William Bond, expert seed analyst, was despatched from our Ottawa staff to Winnipeg. To augment our staff at Winnipeg, I have asked for and received consent from Mr. David Horn, Chief Inspector of Grain, for the loan of one or more of his trained men should Mr. Castle need the additional assistance. I take it that under the understanding and agreement, the provincial governments of Alberta and Saskatchewan have the right to dictate as to the quality of the seed grain that will be acceptable to them, and that it is not the privilege of the s^ed branch to do more than advise, inspect and certify as to such quality; also that Mr. Castle will keep hinself informed, as the chief purchaser, as to what standard of purity will be satisfactory to the provincial authorities. SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 83 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c In the matter of any seed grain purchased by Mr. Castle east of Port Arthur, I shall, at his request, endeavour promptly to have lots inspected at points of shipment or elsewhere, as per his direction. Yours truly, (Signed) G. H. CLAEK, Seed Commissioner. Mr. E. D. Eddy, Winnipeg, Man. Dear Mr. Eddy, — I have taken the stand, and am supported by the honourable the Ministers of Agriculture and Interior, that it is the privilege and duty of the seed branch to advise as to the quality of the grain that may be purchased, but the acceptance of such grain is vested with the governments of Saskatchewan and Alberta. When they dictate as to the quality they want, Mr. Castle may name the quantity he may be able to supply, as per their requirements. They may be expected to amend their standard of quality from time to time. Mr. Castle will keep himself informed as to that. Your certificates are intended for Mr. Castle's information only, and they should show your estimate of the percentage vitality, and the kinds and total number, or percentage by weight, of the various kinds of noxious weed seeds, including darnel in addition to those named in the Seed Control Act. Mr. Castle will make his own estimate as to what can be done by cleaning, and the provincial men will inspect and reject or accept at time of sacking. From this letter I think you will understand the position in respect to respon- sibility that is to be assumed by the seed branch, and, in the meantime, you will have full authority over the operations of the seed branch at Winnipeg. Faithfully yours, (Signed) G. H. CLAEK, Seed Commissioner. Mr. Castle evidently was under the impression that the seed branch had assumed the full responsibility of setting the standard for purity and passing on the grain sub- mitted. This led to some confusion, as Mr. Eddy, the seed branch representative in Winnipeg, refused to O.K. samples that could not he cleaned to comply with the Seed Control Act. We adhered to the position that until the provincial governments ex- pressed their willingness to accept a lower standard, we would have to stand by the standard of the Seed Control Act, which limits the fmpurities to one noxious weed seed per pound. The following letter from Mr. Castle indicates the difficulties of securing the required amount of grain in the limited time when the inspection was done under the Seed Control Act standard: — Winnipeg, Man., February 18, 1908. Geo. H. Clark, Seed Commissioner, Ottawa, Ont. Dear Sir, — In reply to yours of the 15th inst., I think if you can arrange to leave Ottawa in about a week's time for Winnipeg it would be advisable for you to do so, as by that time everything here should be in full swing. I fear, however, that in the time available we shall be unable to secure either sufficient oats, wheat or barley to meet the requirements, as nothing but practically pure seed of any of these kinds of grain is being accepted. Of course my instructions hy order in council are to purchase 1 and 2 Northern, and, if sufficient of these grades cannot be obtained, No. 3 west of Winnipeg and No. 4 wheat; and as regard0 oats, grades of 1, 2 and 3 white: and barley 2 and 3, but so far as selection of these grades is concerned I am acting entirely under Mr. Motherwell's recommendations, so that any car ruled out by your depart- 25c— 6 i 84 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909' ment will not be purchased. The wisdom of this rule can not be questioned, but there can be no doubt that with the limited time at our disposal the required quanti- ties of seed will not be secured. I am, sir, yours truly, (Signed) CHARLES C. CASTLE, Purchasing Agent. In a report on the progress of inspection up to February 18, Mr. Eddy points out that of the number of cars of wheat and oats inspected by him, exceedingly few were accepted and O.K.'d as being sufficiently free from noxious weed seeds to be cleaned so as to conform with the provisions of the Seed Control Act. Acting under the instructions quoted above, Mr. Eddy took the ground that, as the seed branch was responsible for passing on the grain, we had no right to accept seed badly contaminated with noxious weed seeds; and up to February 17, no ap- proved certificates were issued on grain that could not be cleaned so as to conform to the Seed Control Act, as no intimation had been received from the provincial gov- ernments that they would accept a lower standard. On the morning of February 17, Honourable W. E. Motherwell, Commissioner of Agriculture for Saskatchewan, arrived in Winnipeg, and the question of selecting a standard of purity was gone into. At that time it was apparent that sufficient grain could not be secured in time if the standard of inspection so far enforced were main- tained, and Mr. Motherwell agreed to accept grain of a lower standard. It was finally agreed that the standard of inspection for wheat should be no more than ten wild oats or ten purple cockle per pound, and for oats not more than twenty-five wild oats or twenty-five purple cockle per pound. Samples containing small weed seeds which could be removed by cleaning were not to be rejected, as the provincial representatives in charge of the cleaning plants had authority to have the grain cleaned as often as necessary in order to remove all small seeds. All samples containing even a trace of sow thistle, Canada thistle, ragweed or darnel were to be rejected. In all cases, the inspection for purity was made on official samples drawn under the direction of the chief inspector of grain, for the purpose of commercial grading. While the seed branch representatives in Winnipeg were consulted in this matter and were, to some extent, responsible for fixing the standard of purity, they were merely acting in an advisory capacity. Until February 17, arrangements were not completed with' the railway companies for holding grain that was accepted, so that actual purchases from the trade did not start until that date. Duplicate certificates of all grain inspected on and after Feb- ruary 17 are now held in the seed branch offices. PREMIUM PRICES RECOMMENDED FOR PURE SEED. On Monday, February 24, I arrived in Winnipeg and spent the day examining the methods of inspection for purity and vitality. I was also accorded an interview with Mr. Charles C. Castle at which the difficulties that were being experienced by him, in procuring supplies of seed wheat and oats that would comply with the standard of purity then adhered to, were discussed. The Honourable W. E. Motherwell arrived in Winnipeg on the morning of February 25, at which time the matter of inspection in relation to the standard of purity was fully discussed. With Mr. Motherwell's approval, I telephoned from the hotel to Mr. David Horn, chief inspector of grain, and asked him to meet us in conference, in order that we might get the benefit of his experience and advice. As a result of this conference the following memorandum was drafted and presented to Mr. Castle for use as a basis for further discussion in conference with him: — SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 85 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Winnipeg, Man., February 25, 1908. Memo, for Chas. C. Castle, Seed Grain Purchasing Agent, Winnipeg, Man. It would appear from the character of the supplies of seed grain offered up to date that if quality and purity of the seed is to be given proper and due consideration, then the price paid therefor must be quite secondary, and further, if the seed grain that appears to be required is to be obtained in seasonable time the supplies from the interior must come forward more rapidly than at present; or it will be advisable to go to Fort William for a considerable portion of the wheat required. In view of the foregoing, advice is given you as follows : — Memo, of recommendations re procuring supplies of seed grain that may be acceptable to the farmers of the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta. 1. Make quality, especially in respect to weed seeds, the first consideration. The matter of price within reason for good clean seed grain should be of secondary con- sideration. 2. For seed grain, not the product of the western provinces and which has not now been accepted, adhere in the meantime to the provisions of the Seed Control Act in respect to purity. 3. For wheat, the product of the western provinces, allow not more than ten noxious weed seeds per pound, then reclean. Pay sufficient extra premium for what will pass Seed Act. 4. For oats, the product of the western provinces, allow not more than twenty- five noxious weed seeds per pound and then reclean. Pay small premium when they contain only ten wild oats or other noxious weed seeds per pound, and large and suffi- cient premium for oats that will pass Seed Act and is otherwise good seed. 5. Many portions of the province of Saskatchewan grow oats only for feed, and in view of the probable shortage of clean white oats, you are advised to purchase up to a quarter of a million bushels of Prince Edward Island black oats for the province of Saskatchewan. 6. Procure, say, five cars of oats out of several of the best bins at Fort William and have them sent to King's elevator to test result of his cleaning up to loss of fifteen per cent. 7. Arrange, if practicable and expedient, with the Canada Malting Company for the purchase of seed barley on commission, or otherwise as may be in your best judg- ment, subject to the conditions in respect to weed seeds as obtains for seed oats. 8. Suggest placing orders for Ontario and other eastern Canada oats and barley on commission basis with eastern Canada seedsmen, such as the Steele, Briggs Seed Company. Allow sufficient commission to induce prompt and aggressive action and allow good premium per bushel in advance over Toronto or other current market quotations for commercial grain — oats and barley clean for seed. 9. Restrict further British orders to named varieties and prevent as far as possible importations of potato oats; pay good premium for right good seed from Britain. 10. It is recognized that by continuing to adhere to this relatively high standard of purity, all of the demand for seed grain may not be supplied, but it is thought expedient at this time, and especially in view of past charges on the part of farmers in general against government importations of seed grain containing weed seeds, to purchase only and all that it is possible to get for them of relatively clean seed wheat, oats or barley. Because of a large decrease in the estimated amount of oats required and the securing of more than at one time was thought available in the Old Country, the recommendations given in the latter part of paragraph 4 and paragraphs 5 and 6 in the above memorandum were not acted upon. 86 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 THE FINAL STANDARD OF PURITY. Under instructions from the Hon. Mr. Motherwell and in accordance with announcement r§. premiums on purchase of wheat, the standard purity of wheat recommended in paragraph 3 was later altered, so that twenty purple cockle seeds per pound, instead of ten, were allowed. The standard of purity which the inspectors were instructed to follow on February 28th, and which was adhered to until the work was completed, was as follows : — No sample of wheat to be accepted that contains any darnel, ragweed, Canada thistle, or perennial sow thistle, more than ten wild oats per pound, or more than twenty purple cockle per pound. Other noxious weed seeds not mentioned above may be allowed if cleaning plant is capable of removing them. In addition to the above standard of cleanliness, the plumpness and fitness of the sample for seed must also be considered. Samples containing a large proportion of thin, lean or shrivelled kernels shall be rejected, as shall also be those which give evidence of containing different varieties. Classification may be made as follows : — Certificate to be marked A for samples entirely free from noxious weed seeds. Certificates to be marked B for samples containing not more than one noxious weed seed per pound. Certificate to be marked C for samples containing not more than eight wild oats or purple cockle to the pound. Certificate to be marked C for samples containing not more than five wild oats or purple cockle to the pound. Certificate to be marked E for samples containing not more than ten wild oats or twenty purple cockle to the pound. Sample containing more than five wild oats must contain not more than ten cockle. As aforementioned, the premium for oats, suggested in paragraph 4 of the memo- randum submitted to Mr. Castle on February 25, was not offered, and our inspectors were instructed to adhere to the standard of 25 wild oats or 25 purple cockle per pound, or a combined count of 25, without classifying the accepted samples, as in the case of wheat. RE PURCHASE OF BRITISH SEED OATS. When the purchase of seed oats in Great Britain was decided upon, with the approval of the Honourable the Minister of Agriculture, I suggested to the Honourable the Minister of the Interior that if purchases were to be made based on inspection at British ports, Mr. A. W. Grindley, Chief Cargo Inspector of the Dominion Depart- ment of Agriculture, who is permanently located at Liverpool, might be appointed to make arrangements for that work of inspection. The suggestion was approved, and the following telegram was sent to Mr. Castle on February 14th : — ' Following draft of telegram prepared to be sent Strathcona. Please consider and amend or approve by wire to me : " Dominion, London — Matter purchase seed oats from Britain responsibility of inspection and issue certificate on kinds and quality ordered vested in Department Agriculture Department Interior through Charles C. Castle, Winnipeg, purpose placing orders with commission dealers subject inspection British ports. Castte will instruct re kinds and quality standard. Minister wishes you place inspection in hands A. W. Grindley who should procure services one suitable referee grain man and one expert seedsman to inspect and pass upon all shipments from Great Britain. (Sgd.) Agricult." ' (Sgd.) F. Oliver.' Upon receipt of Mr. Castle's approval by wire, a cablegram, as drafted above, was sent to Lord Strathcona, Canadian High Commissioner, London. The arrange- ments made with Mr. Grindley are explained in the following extracts from a letter SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 87 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c to the Honourable the Minister of Agriculture from Lord Strathcona, dated February 28th :— ' Immediately upon receipt of this message (the cablegram quoted above) I com- municated with Mr. A. W. Grindley, by telegram, asking him to come to London, to see me, which he accordingly did on the 21st inst., and I then went thoroughly into the matter with him. It was then arranged to appoint an expert to inspect the oats and for him to issue certificates covering quality as regards freedom from noxious weed seeds and wild oats; and also for the Corn Trade Associations of London and Liver- pool to issue official certificates as to the natural weight of the various consignments of oats. Mr. W. B. McMaster, of Messrs. McMaster & Frankish, 15 Seething Lane, E.C., was appointed to issue certificates as to quality, such appointment being recommended by the London Corn Trade Association, who state Mr. McMaster to be well qualified to give certificates of the nature required. Similar arrangements have also been made in regard to Liverpool, where, in addition to the co-operation of the Liverpool Corn Trade Association, Mr. Grindley has appointed Mr. James Charnock, of the firm of Messrs. Joseph Pyke & Son, to inspect and issue certificates as to quality. ' These general arrangements having been made, Mr. Grindley can now carry out the necessary details in direct communication with your department, and I have notified him accordingly, informing him at the same time that I will gladly extend any further assistance possible, on hearing from him.' Full instructions as to conditions of contract, &c, were forwarded to Lord Strath- cona, and, later, direct to Mr. Grindley. The arrangements as to inspection outlined by Lord Strathcona were followed throughout the British shipments. Some of the certificates issued by the British inspectors might be said to be indefinite, insomuch that although the certificates made clear- that the oats did not comply strictly with the terms of the contract, they did not state the proportion, nor, in some cases, the kinds of foreign seeds that were present. It was made clear to the shippers by Mr. Grindley that if these lots were for- warded to Canada, they would have to be sent at the owner's risk, as they were not accepted by the inspectors. Under the direction of Mr. Castle, the cargoes containing these lots were reinspected in Canada. Most of them proved to be what is known in the trade as ' line grain ; ' that is to say, the amount of impurities were approximately equal to the margin of tolerance allowed under the Seed Control Act. which impurities were largely removed by the process of recleaning, to which all, or nearly all, the imported oats were submitted. A few of the certificates indicated very clearly that parts of the shipments not only did not comply with the conditions of contract, but that they contained too many wild oats to be cleaned by practical process, to comply with the standard fixed for seed grain, except that purchased in western Canada. The reinspection of these lots at Winnipeg resulted in twelve car lots of the British oats being refused acceptance on account of the content of wild oats and other noxious weed seeds. OFFICIALS EMPLOYED IN THE WORK OF INSPECTION. The following permanent officials of the seed branch were authorized to inspect and issue certificates respecting the purity of the seed grain purchased in Canada, viz. : — Messrs. Samuel J. Moore, official seed inspector for maritime provinces ; T. G. Raynor, B.S.A., official seed inspector for the province of Ontario ; E. D. Eddy, B.S. A., official seed inspector for the province of Manitoba ; William Bond, assistant seed analyst of five years' experience; Harris McFayden, B.S. A., official seed inspector for the province of Saskatchewan; W. C. McKillican, B.S.A., official seed inspector for the province of Alberta ; and James A. Hayes, assistant seed analyst in the Cal- gary laboratory. In addition, we had for a time the services of Mr. James Murray, superintendent, experimental farm, Brandon, Man., and at my request, the chief 88 CORRE&POKDBifCE AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 inspector of grain allowed his deputy inspectors to issue certificates, on niy responsi- bility, relative to the purity of seed grain purchased at Kingston and Toronto, in the province of Ontario, Begina and Moosejaw in Saskatchewan, Edmonton in Alberta. ANALYSIS OF SAMPLE OF CARS SENT OUT. As was previously mentioned, the cleaning operations were superintended by representatives for the provincial governments, who had authority to have the grain recleaned as often as necessary, in order to remove the small weed seeds and bring the grain to the highest possible standard of cleanliness before being sacked. It was also the duty of the provincial representatives to take representative samples of each car that was sent out. These samples were collected daily from the Winnipeg cleaning elevators and stored in the office of the chief grain inspector. When the work of cleaning was completed at Brandon, Moosejaw and Regina, samples of the cars sent out from these points were also sent to the office of the grain inspector at Winnipeg. An analysis was made of each of these samples by Seed Inspector E. D. Eddy, results of which are given below. It is assumed that the samples taken from the recleaned car lots by the persons in direct charge of the cleaning operations for the provincial governments were representative of the bulk of grain contained by the car. SUMMARY ANALYSIS. From the detailed report given below, it will be seen that of the 545 samples of wheat analyzed, nearly all representing full car lots, 149, or 27 per cent, were entirely free from noxious weeds mentioned in section 6 of the Seed Control Act; 167 lots, or 31 per cent, while not entirely free from noxious weeds, contained not more than one per pound, thus conforming to the provisions of the Seed Control Act; 165 lots, or 30 per cent, contained more than one noxious weed seed per pound, but not more than five or about one twenty-fifth of one per cent ; while 64 lots, or 12 per cent, con- tained more than five noxious weed seeds per pound. All of the seed wheat sent out had to be selected from commercial grain, but after cleaning 58 per cent of it was of such quality that it could have been sold as seedsmen's stock under the Seed Control Act. Of the oats, those purchased in western Canada were by far the most badly con- taminated with noxious weed seeds. Of the 201 lots analyzed, 16, or eight per cent, were free from the weed seeds mentioned in section 6 of the Seed Control Act; 16, or eight per cent, not entirely free from noxious weeds, contained not more than one per pound; 63 lots, or 32 per cent, contained over one noxious weed seed per pound, but not more than five; while 106 cars, or 52 per cent, contained over five noxious weed seeds per pound. With the exception of four cars, all of the oats supplied from Ontario conformed to the provisions of the Seed Control Act. Four wild oats per pound was the highest proportion of impurities shown in any of the Ontario oats cleaned at Winnipeg. Of the 61 lots of Prince Edward Island oats examined, 47, or 77 per cent were entirely free from noxious weed seeds, while all the rest conformed to the Seed Con- trol Act, witli the exception of two cars, which contained a fraction over one wild oat per pound. The wild oats in the Prince Edward Island oats were of the smooth white variety. Of the 200 samples of recleaned British oats examined, 56, or 28 per cent were entirely free from noxious weed seeds; 85, or 421 per cent, contained not more than one wild oat per pound, while 59, or 291 per cent, contained more than one wild oat per pound, but not more than five, the latter number being shown in only a few instances. Of the 40 lots of barley analyzed, one was entirely free from noxious weed seeds, 1" contained not more than one per pound, 22 contained more than one but not over SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 89 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c five per pound, while four contained more than five per pound, eight wild oats being the highest proportion of impurities shown. During the process of recleaning, a few cars of seed grain were accidently mixed with oats badly contaminated with wild oats. This was made possible by the fact that some of the cleaning elevators could not be entirely given over to the cleaning of the government seed, and in handling their private business some badly contamin- ated oats were received into the elevators. The small quantity of these oats that was retained in the elevator bins and boots was sufficient to considerably affect the purity of the car of seed taken in immediately after the commercial oats were handled. As a result of this, two or three cars of wheat show a slightly higher number of wild oats per pound, after being cleaned, than was allowed by the standard of inspection. A few cars of oats cleaned at Winnipeg and Fort William were also affected in this way. In most of these cases, the mixed cars were detected and were not distributed for seed. The cars rejected in this way are starred in the list given below. GERMINATION QUALITIES. Actual germination tests of wheat and barley supplied were not considered neces- sary as the vitality of these grains can be pretty accurately estimated by appearance. Samples containing any considerable proportion of thin or shrunken grains were rejected, even though they might grade high enough to be accepted. The oats distributed direct from Ontario were not submitted to the germination test, as their vitality was considered unquestionable. In the case of the oats purchased at Edmonton, also, the germination test was not considered necessary, as the grain was all of the 1906 crop and quite free from injury. With the exception of the cases mentioned, the oats were put in for germination test as soon as purchased, and any that came below 70 per cent were reported to Mr. Castle as soon as the results were out, Mr. Castle found it impracticable to hold all the grain until the report of the germination test was available, and in some instances the cars were cleaned and sent out before the test was completed. Further germination tests were made, as explained above, of the car samples as billed out after cleaning, and these results show that of a total of nearly 200 cars, purchased in western Canada, only twelve showed less than 70 per cent germination, while the average was between 85 per cent and 90 per cent. The average percentage germination of the 127 cars of western oats, cleaned at the Winnipeg elevators, was 88 per cent. Four cars germinated 100 per cent, 66 cars 90 per cent and under 100 per cent, 38 cars 80 per cent and under 90 per cent, 12 cars 70 per cent and under 80 per cent, and 7 cars below 70 per cent. The 29 cars cleaned at Brandon averaged So per cent germination. Eleven cars were over 90 per cent, eleven cars were over 80 per cent and under 90 per cent, three cars were over 70 pr cent and under 80 per cent, and four cars were under 70 per cent. The six cars cleaned at Eegina averaged 85 per cent, the highest being 94 per cent and the lowest 81 per cent. The 24 cars distributed from Calgary averaged 86 per cent. One car gave a germination of 100 per cent, nine cars were 90 per cent and under 100 per cent, eight cars were 80 per cent and under 90 per cent, five cars 70 per cent and under 80 per cent, and one car 66 per cent. The seven cars of Ontario oats cleaned at Winnipeg averaged 95 per cent germin- ation, the highest being 07 per cent and the lowest 91 per cent. The 61 cars of Prince Edward Island oats cleaned at Winnipeg averaged 88 per cent, the highest being 100 per cent and the lowest 78 per cent. One -car germinated 100 per cent. 25 cars 90 per cent and under 100 per cent, 33 cars SO per cent and under 90 per cent, and two cars under 80 per cent. The 133 cars of British oats cleaned at Winnipeg gave an average germination of 89 per cent, the highest being 99 per cent and the lowest 78 per cent. Fifty-nine cars 90 CORRESPONDENCE \\1> PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 were over 90 per cent, 73 cars were 80 per cent and under 90 per cent, and one car below 80 per cent. The 31 cars of British oats from the Empress of Ireland shipment, cleaned at Fort William, averaged 92 per cent germination, the highest being 99 per cent and the lowest 84 per cent. Twenty-four cars germinated 90 per cent and over and seven cars 84 per cent and under 90 per cent. The 32 cars of British oats from the Empress of Britain shipment, cleaned at Fort William, averaged 88 per cent germination, the highest being 100 per cent and the lowest 76 per cent. In the following detailed report all cars that were sampled after cleaning at Winnipeg, Brandon, Kegina, Moosejaw and Fort William, and the samples retained in the chief inspector's office at Winnipeg, are included. The cars that were rejected after being cleaned and those that were recalled after being sent out, according to the list provided by Mr. Castle, are starred. The list therefore includes any cars that may have been cleaned and sampled but were not required for seed. In the case of the Calgary grain, only those cars that were distributed are included. All grain that was accepted by the inspector at Edmonton is included. GEO. H. CLARK, Seed Inspector. Rkcleaxed Wheat Sampled at Winnipeg Cleaning Elevators. Car Number. 42,000 73,000 73,000 11,200 44,200 44,200 15,300 54,500 41,400 31,700 32,800 35,900 41,010 13,110 43,210 49,210 49,210 37,410 510 32,510 36,810 28,810 40,910 93,910 52,020 52,020 40,220 71.220 40,420 38,520 98,020 40,720 41.S20 43,820 71,920 37,130 38,430 36,630 R.630 Number of two bushel sacks G rade. 500 441 59 350 111 378 350 525 500 550 510 525 525 500 500 327 173 525 500 480 350 558 500 94 400 525 525 550 525 525 525 566 525 550 525 550 488 12 Kinds and number per lb. of Weed Seeds men- tioned in Section 6 of Seed Control Act. 2 Nor 1 ,. 2 ., No. 4. . 3 Nor . No. 4.. 1 Nor 1 ,. 3 ,i 1 .. . 3 M 3 „ No. 4. . 3 J2 43,1)02 54,902 6,612 37,.r)12 38,612 32,712 34,712 74,812 92,022 43,112 42,222 14,222 43,322 37,422 42,522 39,622 39,722 57,822 145,922 311,922 74,032* 40,232 31,232 43,432 42,532 73,832 91,932 38,042 62,142 43,242 43,242 48,342 58,342 58,342 4,442 52,642 38,742 40,842 39,842 91,942 38,052 49,152 51,552 45,552 142,852 94,852 47,852 47,852 15,952 32,952 37,952 31,062 146,062 57,162 4,162 525 233 69 198 525 550 500 525 545 550 500 500 537 525 516 350 525 525 500 525 525 550 600 2 Nor . No. 4. 3 Nor . 2 ,, . 3 „ . No. 4 . 3 Nor . 3 „ . No. 4 . 3 Nor . No. 4-. 1 Nor . 2 i, . 3 ., . 3 Nor . No. 4.. i 4. 4. i 4.. 4. 3 Nor . 3 „ . 3 ,. 334 525 51 HI 5txi 525 525 500 502 200 300 500 233 267 500 500 525 525 517 350 528 496 CIS 396 350 144 350 538 525 547 700 525 199 Kinds and number per lb. of Weed Seeds men- Grade, tioned in Section 6 of Seed Control Act. 2 Nor 3 u X, i. 4 . 3 Nor No. 4.. 3 Nor 2 „ 3 .. Sa . 1 Nor . 1 i. . 2 -, . 2 ., . 2 „ . 3 „ . 3 „ . No. 4 . 3 Nor . No. 4.. 3 Nor . 2 „ . 3 „ . No. 4. 1 Nor . 3 .i . 1 „ 2 ,, . No. 4.. 3 Nor . 3 „ . No. 4.. 3 Nor . Free. 1 w.o. in 2 lbs 1 w.o., 7 p.c, 4 c.c. in 2 lbs. 1 w.o., 1 c.c. in 2 lbs p.c, 1 w.o. in 2 lbs Free 1 w.o. in 2 lbs Free 2 p.c 1 c.c. in 2 lbs . 2cc, 1 w.o Free. 1 p.c. in 2 lbs 1 w.o 1 w.o., 1 p.c, 1 c.c. in 2 lbs. 1 w.o. in 2 lbs 1 p.c 1 w.c, 7 p.c. in 2 lbs. 1 w.o. in 2 lbs Free Imparities not Mentioned in Section 6 of Seed Control Act. 2 ball mustard. 11 w.o w.o., 2 p.c 4 w.o., 2 p.c 1 w.o. in 2 lbs Free 1 w.o. in 2 lbs 1 w.o., (i p.c. J c.c. in 2 lbs. 1 c.c. in 2 lbs Free 2 p.c, 3 c.c, 1 ball mustard 5 p.c, 5 c.c 1 w.o. in 2 lbs 1 w.o., 1 c.c in 2 lbs 2 w.o., 5 p.c., 5 c.c... 1 w.o., 7 p.c, 1 c.c... Free 1 w.o 1 c.c, 1 p.c in 2 lbs. 1 w.o., 2 p.c, 1 c.c . Free Odd w.b. and black oat. , wild buckwheat. ii w.b. and tame cat. Free. Odd w.b., lambsquarters and tame oats. Odd wild buckwheat. ,. w.b. and tame oat. ii wild buckwheat. ii w.b. and tame oat. 11 wild buckwheat. .. w.b. and tame oat. ,i w.b. and tame oat and a little smut. Odd black oat. . tame oat. i wild buckwheat. Considerable w.b., odd wild sun- flower and tame oat. Odd w.b. and vetch. t, and tame oat. Odd wild buckwheat. Free. Odd wild buckwheat. Odd w.b. and tame oat. A little w.b. and considerable mix- ture of oats. A little wild buckwheat. Odd wild buckwheat. 2 p.c, 1 c.c 4 p.c, 1 c.c 1 p.c, 4 c.c 5 p.c, 1 c.c' 1 w.o., 10 p.c in 2 lbs. also some cow cockle 1 w.o. in 2 lbs 1 w.o., a little hare 's-ear mustard. 2 w.o 2 w.o Free 1 w.o Free Free. Odd vetch and barley grain. ,. wild buckwheat. Considerable w.b. Odd wild buckwheat. A little wild buckwheat. Odd wild buckwheat. ii ti ii w.b. and wild sunflower. A few tame oats. < ).lil w.b. and tame oat. Free. Odd will buckwheat. •74,032. This ear was nut distributed. SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Recleaneu Wheat Sampled at Winnipeg Cleaning Elevators. — Continued. Car Number. 35,162 36,362 18,362 *1,462 91,402 3,862 67,862 90,962 39,172 58,272 3,372 55,372 26,372 36,372 38,872 15,972 59,972 is.nsj 59,182 27,282 71,382 41,482 91,582 41,782 38,882 :>s,ss- 71,092 *33,492 40,692 41,692 41,692 27,792 37,792 C.P.R 37,792 C.N.R. 892 57,992 57,992 3,263 44,104 4,404 26,404 41,504 42,604 91,704 71,804 39,904 48,014 17,114 51,514 41,614 350,614 1,714 43,814 24,914 39,024 43,224 36,224 26,324 26,324 78,324 93,424 25,124 73,624 Number of two bushel sacks 500 541 344 514 550 500 350 550 492 55(1 600 525 350 r 550 350 525 500 520 500 500 500 525 500 525 500 197 525 333 167 525 525 515 352 148 520 534 477 350 500 550 500 525 525 250 500 525 350 500 500 350 Grade. No. 4. 3 Nor. 3 „ . 3 Nor 2 „ 3 „ 3 „ 1 i, No. 4. 3 Nor No. 4. 3 Nor 1 ., No. 4. 3 Nor 2 „ No. 4. , w.b. and tame oat. Free. 1 black oat in 2 lbs. 1 w.b. per lb. 3 w.o., 2 p.c, 1 c.c. . . . . Considerable w.b. 2 Nor |1 w.o., 7 p.c, 3 c.c Odd w.b. and tame oat. No. 4 1 w.o Odd lambsquarter and tame oats. 2 Nor. . . . 1 w.o., 2 p.c, 2 c.c. . . . Odd wild buckwheat. Some wild buckwheat. Odd wild buckwheat. Odd w.b. and tame oats. Odd wild buckwheat. 500 500 163 162 525 350 525 Kinds and number per lb. of Weed Seeds Men- tioned in Section 6 of Seed Control Act. 2 w.o. 1 p.c 6 p.c. 2 p.c 1 w.o. 1 w.o. 1 w.o. 3 w.o. 2 p.c, 1 w.o. 1 w.o. 1 p.c. 1 p.c, 6 p.c, 1 "W.O.. 1 p.c Free Impurities not Mentioned in Section 6 of Seed Control Act. , 9 p.c Odd w.b. and tame oat. in 2 lbs.. „ wild buckwheat. Free. , 4 p.c. , 1 p.c. in 2 lbs , a little w.b 3 c.c , 1 p.c, 2 c.c. in 2 lbs , 2 p.c in 2 lbs in 2 lbs 1 c.c in 2 lbs 2c. c 4 p.c in 2 lbs A few taine oats. Odd wild buckwheat. „ tame oat. A little wild buckwheat. Odd wild buckwheat. 1 w.o 1 w.o 1 c.c. 1 ball 1 w.o. I w.o. '1 w.o. Free. II w.o. 1 w.o. , 2 p.c, 2 c.c in 2 lbs mustard in 2 lbs. , 1 c.c. in 2 lbs. . in 2 lbs , 2 p.c, 1 c.c. . . in 2 lbs 3c. c. in21bs... No. 4 1 w.o., 1 ball m. in 2 lbs. 1 Nor ■. 2 w.o., 1 p.c in 2 lbs in 2 lbs No. 4. 3 Nor 2 w.o., 1 w.o. 1 p.c. 1 w.o., 3 p.c, in 2 lbs. Odd w.b. and tame oat. Odd wild buckwheat. Occasional wild buck. Odd wild buckwheat 1 „ . 3 ., . 2 „ 3 ,. '. 3 „ 2 i, . No. 4. . 3 Nor No. 4 1 w.o 2 Nor 2 w.o. 1 lc.o. 3 2 w.o. No. 1 ,1 w.o. 3 Nor ll w.o. 2 w.o. 1 w.o. 1 p.c. Free . 3p.c, FYee. Free. |2 w.o. Free . 3 w.o. in 2 lbs 3 c.c. , 4 p.c, a little c.c , 2 p.c, 1 c.c Odd w.b. and tame oat. Odd wild buckwheat. Odd w.b., oats and flax. Free. Odd wild buckwheat. 3 p.c. in 2 lbs. . !Odd w.b. and vetch. Odd w.b. and tame oat. Odd wild buckwheat. Free. Odd wild buckwheat. 1 w.o. 1 p.c. Free. 3 w.o. 1 w.o. 1 w.o. 3 w.o. 2 p.c, 1 w.o. 1 w.o. Ice. Free 1 w.o , 1 p.c, 1 cc. in 2 lbs. , 1 p.c . in 2 lbs , 2 p.c, 6 c.c. in 2 lbs. , 1 p c in 2 lbs , 1 c.c. in 2 lbs , 1 p.c , in 2 lbs . , 1 p.c. ...... . ,7 p.c , 3 p.c 1 c.c , 1 p.c, 4 c.c. . . , 2 p.c in 2 lbs in 2 lbs ., 2 p.c. Odd w.b. and tame oat. Odd tame oat. Odd wild buckwheat. Free. Odd wild buckwheat. Free. Odd wild buckwheat and tame oat. Odd vetch and tame oat *1,462. This car was not distributed. *33,492. Bal ince of this car loaded with 2 Nor. wheat. 94 CORRESPOSDEXGE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Kecleaxed Wheat Sampled at Winnipeg Cleaning Elevators. — Continued. ^ Car. Number. Number of two b u s h e 1 sacks 702 500 500 529 500 381 350 525 544 500 525 Grade. Kinds and number per lb. of Weed Seeds Men- tioned in Section 6 of Seed Control Act. 1 p.c. No. 4 Free . 2 Nor. ..... 1 w.o., No. 4. ... 1 w.o., 10 p.c, 3 c.c. 5 Nor 1 c.c. in 2 lbs 1 1 w.o. in 2 lbs No. 4 2 p.c, 1 c.c 1 m 1 w.o., 3 c.c 3 1 w.o., 1 p.c 3 „ iFree 2 ,, 1 w.o. 3 ,. . . |1 p.c. in 2 lbs . 1 w.o. in 2 lbs 1 w. i i. in 2 lbs ...... Free 1 w.o., 2 p.c, 1 c.c, 1 ball in . 1 w.o. in 2 lbs 1 w.o 3 p.c, 1 p.e Free 1 w.o., 1 c.c, 5 p.c in 2 lbs Free 1 p.c 2 p.c, 1 c.c Free 1 w.o., 7 p.c, 1 c.c 2 p.c and considerable c.c. '2 w.o., 5 p.c, 5 c.c Free 144,824 147,924 5H 034 72.234 43,234 •43,834 25,044 43,244 55,244 48,344 311,344 36,744 38,844 35,944 554 42,G54 43,754 38,754 43,854 42,954 42,954 40,164 144,164 36,264 75,364 40.464 302,404 19,464 29,564 58,864 58,864 42,674 39,674 46,774 92.S74 94,874 2,974 40,080 44,284 9,284 44,384 52,684 34,684 38,784 39,984 71,094 33,0:14 33,094 44,094 43,394 76,694 38.894 78,894 78,894 42.994 92,106 40,206 72,206 43,206 40,306 40,306 44,300 72,406 98,606 2,706 *43,834. The balance of this is loaded with 2 Northern wheat. 528 3 525 3 .. 525 3 ., 3 .. 478 2 „ 3 Nor 473 1 ,. ... 525 3 320 3 „ 180 1 M 525 3 600 3 543 3 i, , 439 1 i. 550 No. 4 500 2 Nor 350 3 , 325 2 „ 440 3 60 1 i, 525 3 534 3 525 1 „ 539 3 „ 509 3 „ No. 4 500 3 Nor 530 2 „ 550 No. 4 No. 4 500 No. 4 523 3 Nor 550 No. 4 351 3 Nor. .. . 149 No. 4 525 1 Nor . 525 2 „ 525 3 525 1 3 „ 525 3 525 No. 4 525 3 Nor 550 3 536 3 214 3 „ 286 2 525 3 ■ 525 3 „ 525 2 ,, 525 No. 4 1 w.o., 5 ball mustard in 2 lbs. I c.c. in 2 lbs Free 1 wild mustard . Free 1 w.o., 3 p.c . . Free 1 c . c . in 2 lbs 1 w.o,. 1 c.c. in 2 lbs 1 p.c in 2 lbs Free 1 w.o. in 2 lbs 1 c.c. in 2 lbs 2 w.o., 2 p.c, 1 ball mustard. . . 7 w.o., 12 p.c, 1 c.c, 1 hare's i ai mustard 2 w.o., 1 p.c, 3 c.c Free Impurities not Mentioned in Section 6 of Seed Control Act. Odd w.b. and black oat. Odd wild buckwheat. It M Odd w. b. and tame oats. Odd wild buckwheat. Odd tame oats. Free. Odd w.b. and tame oats. Odd wild buckwheat. Free. Odd wild buckwheat. tame oat. wild buckwheat. w.b. and tame oats. 5 p.c Free. 1 w.o., 1 p.c. in 2 lbs. 1 p.e. in 2 lbs. . . . 1 w.o 2 p.c, 1 c.c 1 w.o ii and black oats. tame oats. w.b. and tame oats. Free. Odd w.b. ii and tame oats. ii and tame oats. u and black oats. ii and vetch, grain of barley. w.b. and tame oats. .. and tame oats. .. i. black oats. tame oat. w.b. and tame oats. vetch and tame oats. w.b. tame oat. SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 95 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Recleaned Wheat Sampled at Winnipeg Cleaning Elevators. — Continued. Car Number. 74,706 2t;,806 74,016 74,016 24,216 24,216 37,216 37,216 146,416 43,516 142,916 142,916 41,916 38,026 410,126 40,226 24.226 25,226 72,426 147,426 78,526 43,626 4,136 58,336 36,736 37,736 58,936 58,936 36,046 40,146 94,146 42,246 24,246 37,446 75,646 38,646 37,746 140,846 46.8J6 41,056 147,256 2,356 40,456 90,456 43,456 36,456 46.456 41,556 46,556 37,556 57,556 43,756 13,856 144,856 77,856 147,266 41,466 41,466 44,466 92,766 141,866 36,866 37,966 41,176 41,176 42,276 94,276 Number of two bushel sacks in car. 517 350 151 374 250 100 55 415 434 553 111 489 506 526 540 525 350 350 525 700 544 535 525 525 525 525 204 296 500 500 550 525 350 525 558 500 525 500 513 '706 525 500 525 500 525 525 525 538 500 500 350 600 525 550 429 71 540 466 600 500 505 479 46 525 525 . Grade. 3 Nor. 3 M 1 „ No. 4., 1 Nor. 3 „ No. 4. 1 Nor. 1 1, 3 i, 3 ., 2 „ 1 „ 3 11 . 3 1, 3 n 1 „ Free 3 w.o., 6 p.c. in 2 lbs. Free 1 w.o. in 2 lbs I w.o 3 w.o. in 2 lbs Free 1 w.o Free 3 w.o., 1 p.c. Free Kinds and number per lb. of Weed Seeds men- tioned in Section 6 of Seed Control. Act. 1 c.c. in 2 lbs 1 w.o., 1 p.c 2 p.c, 1 c 1 p.c, 1 w.o., 1 c.c. in 2 lbs 1 w.o. in 2 lbs 1 ., 11 Free 1 w.o. in 2 lbs 1 w.o 1 2 p.c, 2 c.c 1 w.o., 2 p.c, 4 c.c. 6 p.c, 7 c.c 1 p.c, 5 c.c 1 w.o., 3 p.c, 1 c.c. Free 1 w.o, in 2 lbs Free 3 „ . No. 4. . 1 Nor. . 1 „ . 3 „ . 1 ., . 3 „ . 1 11 . 3 ., . 2 ,, . 3 „ . 3 „ . 3 ., 3 ., . 3 „ . No. 4. . INor.. 1 11 9 p.c, 8 c.c, 1 w.o 3 1 w.o. in 2 lbs. 3 1, Free 3 11 4 p.c, 6 c.c 2 3 p.c 2 2 w.o 1 i. 1 p.c, 1 c.c. 3 Free 2 ,3 p.c 3 11 3 p.c, 1 c.c 1 ,, 1 c.c. in 2 lbs 2 M 1 w.o., 3 p.c, 1 c.c. in 2 lbs 3 ■ 1 w.o., 3 p.c, 4 c.c, ball mustard. 3 11 1 w.o., 4 c.c, 2 ball mustard. . . . No. 4 1 p.c 2 Nor 1 w.o., 5 p.c, 6 c.c. in 2 lbs No. 4 1 w.o 3Nor 1 ball mustard in 2 lbs 3 3 w.o., 1 p.c, 2 c.c. in 2 lbs 3 „ Free 3 .1 1 w.o., 5 c.c. in 2 lbs 2 „ . No. 4. 3 Nor . 3 „ . Impurities not Mentioned in Section 6 of Seed Control Act. Odd w.b. and tame oat. 11 n 1 darnel in,? lbs. Free. Odd w.b. ■ tame oat. 1 w.b. and tame oats. 1 11 and tame oats. 1 11 and black oats. 1 11 and tame oats. Free. Odd w.b. Odd tame oats. Odd w.b. and tame oat. and black oat. 1 w.o., 4 p.c, 5 c.c. in 2 lbs. Free 7 p.c, 5 c.c 1 p.c Free 11 ... 1 w.o. in 2 lbs 4 w.o.,1 p.c, lcc, 1 ball mustard 1 w.o., 1 p.c. in 2 lbs Free Odd tame oat. n w.b. 11 tame oat. „ w.b. and tame oat. Free. Odd w.b. 11 1, tame oat. Free. Odd w.b. 1 n and tame oat. black oat. w.b. and tame oat. and black oats. 96 CORRESPONDENCE AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Recleaned Wheat Sampled at Winnipeg Cleaning Elevators. — Continued. Car Number. Number of two bushel sacks in car. Grade. 72,376 144.576 144,576 4.-:.; 12.H76 76,976 30,086 20,086 41,186 4,386 37,486 2.5S6 2,586 41,786 47,786 34,886 92,096 71,196 41,106 93,196 55,296 37,596 57,596 39,596 39,596 347,696 42,796 53,796 42,896 38,896 25,996 90,008 40,508 39,608 40,7ns 76.80S 144,908 144,908 3s.9os 38,908 147,218 147,218 34,518 44.518 39,518 43,618 36,818 145,028 36.028 3,428 36,728 44,828 93,928 13,928 43.03S 59,138 13.238 56,338 44,538 37,638 38,638 39,638 517 320 171 350 509 22" 153 500 525 525 372 128 542 521 500 525 415 544 512 526 501 340 500 500 500 525 550 500 . p25 426 74 447 53 393 107 555 525 500 525 525 600 525 525 500 500 5o0 506 370 180 525 550 325 500 525 525 530 350 3 Nor 1 M 3 ,. . 3 .. . 3 •■ No. 4. . 1 Nor No. 4. 3 Nor No. 4. . 1 Nor. . 2 .. . 2 .. No. 4 . . 3 Nor. . No. 4 . 3 Nor. 1 Nor. . 2 i. 1 „ 2 „ 3 .. . No. 4. 3 Nor. :; .. :; 3 ,. No. 4. .' Nor. 2 » No. 4. 1 Nor. 3 „ 2 :: 1 u No. 4. 3 Nor. 3 „ 1 Nor. 3 ,. 3 .. 1 „ .. 3... 3 „ 1 Hard. 2 Nor... 3 ., .. 3 .. . No. 4 . . . 2 Nor . . 1 .. .. 1 .. .. No. 4. . Kinds and number per lb. of Weed Seeds men- tioned in Section 6 of Seed Control Act. 1 ».o., 1 c.c. in 2 lbs . . 1 w.o., 3 p.c, 1 c.c. . . . 3w.o I w.o., 10 p.c. in 2 lbs. 3 w.o., 2 p.c Free 1 w.o. in 2 lbs 1 p.c., 1 c.c Free Impurities not Mentioned in Section 6 of Seed Control Act. 1 w.o 1 p.c, 3 c.c. in 2 lbs 1 w.o., 4 p.c, 3c.e. in 2 lbs. 1 w.o Free 1 c.c. in 2 lbs Free 4 p.c, lc.c 9 p.c . . . 1 w.o., 1 c.c in 2 lbs. . 1 w.o. in 2 lbs 4 p.c, 1 c.c 1 w.o., 5 p.c. in 2 lbs 1 w.o. in 2 lbs Free 1 p.c. in 2 lbs. 1 w.o. in 2 lbs. Free 4 w.o Free 3 Nor. Odd b.w. Free. Odd w. b. and tame oats. ■ and tame oat. n tame oat. ., w.b. .. tame oat and barley. n lambs quarters. ii w.b. 1. H and tame oats. Free. Odd w.b. and tame oats. ii vstch. Considerable mixture white oat. Odd w. b. and black oat. tame oat. w.b. 1 w.o. in 2 lbs 2 p.c, 1 c.c 1 w. o. in 2 lbs 1 w.o., 1 p.c, 1 c.c 1 w.o., 1 p.c, 2 c.c. in 2 lbs I w. o. in 2 lbs Free 3 w.o. in 2 lbs 1 w.o., 1 p.c 1 w.o., 2 p.c, 3 c.c- in 2 lbs 1 p.c, 1 c.c 2 w.o., 1 p.c, 3 c.c. in 2 lbs w.o., 1 p.c. in 2 lbs P-c 3 p.c, 4 c.c. . . 1 w.o., 3 p.c, 1 c.c. in 2 lbs. 1 p.c, 1 c.c 1 c.c, 1 p.c. in 2 lbs 2 p.c, 2 c.c Free 5 w.o Free w.b. and tame oat. tame oat and barley. 1 w.o. in 2 lbs 2 w.o., 5 p.c. . . 1 w.o., 1 p.c, 1 ball mustard 2 lbs. 1 w.o., 1 c.c 1 w.o. in 2 lbs 1 ball mustard Free and black oat. tame oat. w. b. Free. Odd w.b., sunflower and tame oat. Odd w.b. tame oat. w.b. Free. Odd w.b. and vetch. Free. Odd w.b. taine oat. and tame oat. This car was mixed with oats in the process of cleaning and was not distributed for seed. SEED ORAIX IX SASKATCHEWAX AXD ALBER1 1 97 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Eecleaned Wheat Sampled at Winnipeg Cleaning Elevators. — Continued. Car Number. 500 228 297 500 550 303 500 539 500 525 525 525 501 350 500 700 500 500 51 « i 360 340 525 36,738 59,938 59,938 2,048 55,048 22,148 55,248 37,348 60,448 58,448 76,548 1,648 47,648 57,648* 1.8,648 42,748 144,748 41 1,848 48,948 36,058 146,058 146,058 :;s,i5s 57,258 41,358 32,358 4,358 39,358 71,458 658 40,068 41,068 59,068* 37,168 39,268 1,368 1,368 75,368 147,538 42.868 127868 72,868 37,868 147,868 147,868 42,078 58,078 39,078 54,178 31,273 42,278 15,278 36,378 45,478 43,578 43,678 37,678 44,778 39,778 39.878 * 57,648. This cai of impurities Number of t'VO bushel sacks in car. Grade. 1 Nor No. 4. . 3 Nor. 3 „ 3 „ . No. 4. 1 Nor No. 4. . No. 4. . No. 4. 3 Nor. 1 W.o., Free . . 1 w.o Free 1 p.c, 1 c.c 1 p.c, 1 ball mustard 1 p.c 3 w.o 15 p.c, 1 c.c 1 c.c Free Kinds and Number per lb. of Weed Seeds men- tioned in Section 6 of Seed Control Act. 4 c.c. in 2 lbs. Impurities not Mentioned in Section 6 of Seed Control Act. Odd w.b. 16 w.o., 2 p.c, mustard , Free 1 w.o. in 2 lbs 2 w.o., 3 p.c. . , 9 p.c. ii 2 c.c... 2 c.c, 2hare's-ear libs and tame oat. and tame oat. and black oat. Free. Badly mixed with oats. Odd w.b. and black oats, ti and tame oats. 2 w.o. 4 p.c. 3 w.o 4 p.c. 4 p.c. 1 hare's ear mustard, considerable c.c Free. 6 p.c, 6 c.c, 2 hare's-ear mustard 1 p.c Free 1 w.o., 7 p.c. in 2 lbs Free 1 p.c 2 p.c, 1 c.c 1 w.o., 3 cc 1 w.o. in 2 lbs Free 4 p.c, 1 c.c Free Considerable w.b. Odd w.b. and tame oat. Odd tame oats. Odd w.b. tame oat and barley. 10 p.c, 3 cc 3 p.c, 5 c.c Free 2 p.c Free 1 p.c, 1 w.o. in 2 lbs 1 c.c. in 2 lbs 1 w.o., 1 p.c, 4 c.c. in 2 lbs. 1 w.o. 1 c.c in 2 lbs 10 p.c, 1 c.c 1 w.o., 1 p.c, 4 c.c Odd w.b. 1 w.o., 4 p.c, 1 ball mustard in 2 lbs 5 w.o., 1 ball mustard Free. Odd w. and tame oat. and tame oat. Odd tame oat Odd w.b. and black oats. ,i and tame oats. Odd tame oats. Free 1 w.o., 1 c.c, 2 ball mustard 3 w.o., 2 p.c Free 5 p.c , 1 c.c, 1 w.o. in 2 lbs. . 3 w.o Free I w.o. in 2 ibs 1 w.o., 1 p.c. in 2 lbs Free and tame oats. lambsquarters and tame oats, tame oats and barley. ,1 and tame dd black oat. Odd wild buckwheat. odd black oat. 2 2 6 15 6 6 6 Free , 4 ball mustard . , a little ball mustard A little wheat. Odd wild buckwheat and black oats. Odd black oat. Free. Odd wild buckwheat. Odd black oat. Considerable Bax G wild oats ... Odd black oat. 10 10 20 ii ii , a little cow cockle Free 0 , Odd black oat. 4 1 12 to 3 and wild buckwheat. , 1 cow cockle . . . , 2 ball mustard. odd wild buckwheat. Odd black oat and wild buckwheat. Odd wild buckwheat and barley. Odd black oats and wild buckwheat. ,i „ and wheat. Odd wild buckwheat. Free. Odd black oat. 8,200 This car contains 3S4 sacks, 1 white, germinating 97%. 11,772 This car, after being send out, was recalled and replaced. SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN ASD ALBERTA 101 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c SEED OATS BOUGHT IN WESTERN CANADA. — Continued. Car Number 87,024 40,724 21,924 01,134* 21,331 77,334 4,434 37,584 35,834 54,144 23,064 17,054 140,354* 11,454 93,454 36,454 141,754 12,954 19,074 29,574 140,774 93,384 45,384 145,584 3S,584 71,394* 46,006 53,100 146,406 41,900 50,416 71,616 49,026 34,036 144,836 42,936 147,646 71,656 38,656 51,076 24,376 22,886 98,896 52,996 57.1CS 21,208 74,308 42,508* 34,608 140.218 32,128 45,228 71,428 43,638 32,248 55,348 76,158 32,068 42,068 73,36S 54,368 41,668 53,778 40,878 Pef tfntHage Kinds and number ]>er pound of Weed ot seeds Seeds mentioned in Section 6 of Genmnable Seed Control Act. in Soil. Impurities not mentioned in Section 6 of Seed Control Act. 07 98 04 84 90 83 07 87 86 85 89 97 97 97 93 85 91 MO 82 94 94 51 04 92 92 86 04 93 69 77 72 82 81 38 80 88 04 96 72 03 96 89 78 87 01 01 92 89 89 88 83 98 95 80 88 95 84 95 10 wild oats, 2 cow cockle Odd black oat and wild buckwheat. 10 ,. 10 .. 2 .. 12 i, 12 ,, ■5: in ,. 112 „ | 4 .. 15 ,. 10 .. 4 ii s „ 10 „ 6 „ IS ,. 2 •• 8 .. 2 n 15 „ 14 ,. 6 „ 6 „ 6 ., 4 ,. 4 ,. H ,. 8 ,. 2 „ 20 .. 25 ., 10 „ 111 12 .. 4 ., 9 ., 16 .. 53 „ Free . . 6 wild 2 II 4 „ Free . . . 12 wild 4 ii 12 „ 2 i, Free . . . 25 .. 18 i< 1 „ 4 ,i some ball mustard Free. . . iOdd black oat and wild buckwheat Odd wild buckwheat. Odd black oats. ^ Odd wild buckwheat and black oat. Odd black oat. iOdd wild buckwheat and black oat . Considerable lambsquarters. 4 ball mustard 'Odd wild buckwheat. 4 purple cockle . 4 ball mustard. and black oat. Odd black oat and wheat. Odd wild buckwheat and black oats Odd wild buckwheat. Odd black oats. n and wheat. Odd wild buckwheat. Odd block oat. Odd wild buckwheat. .- Odd black oat. 6 cow cockle, 4 baH mustard . jFree. Odd wild buckwheat. Free. Odd black oat. Odd wild buckwheat. 2 purple cockle. Odd black oat. 73 4 87 1 96 8 95 2 47 6 83 In oats, 2 ball mustard H 2 cow cockle, 2 purple cockle, oats, 4 cow cockle, 6 ball mustard. ii 2 purple cockle n 2 purple cockle „ 2 2 ball mustard Free. Odd wild buckwheat and black oat. Odd black oat. Odd wild buckwheat and wheat. Odd black oat. and black oat. Considerable wheat. Odd wild buckwheat. Odd black oat. Odd wild buckwheat. Odd black oat. and black oat. and wheat. Odd wild buckwheat. and black oat . Odd black oat. Odd wild buckwheat. * 91,134 Above analysis is for 464 sacks, 2 white oats. Balance of car Prince Edward Island oats. *140,354 Above analysis for 2 white oats. This car also contains 144 sacks No. 1 white oats. * 71,394 This car, after being sent out, was recalled and replaced. * 42,508 102 CORRESPONDENCE AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 SEED OATS BOUGHT IN WESTERN CANADA. — Continued, Car Number Percentage of Seeds Germinable in soil. Kinds and Number per pound of Weed Seeds mentioned in Section of Seed Control Act. Impurities not mentioned in Section 6 of Seed Control Act. 21,488 98 94 98 94 96 .YI.SSS 56,298 41,398 35,398 3 Oats Bought in Western Canada, Cleaned and Distributed from Brandon'. 51,920 59 79 89 82 92 90 88 94 83 86 75 97 90 91 6S 69 97 88 89 85 87 93 98 53 84 91 88 73 96 25,230 26,330 145,650 21,960 9S.S80 22,722 29,142 Odd wild buckwheat and flax. Odd black oat and wheat. 9 wild oats, 8 purple cockle Some black oats and wheat. Considerable wheat. 17,342 55,962 92,072 33,304 33,304 22 ., 71,121 75,534 25 .. 7'2. 444 42,306 28.716 3 „ 40,326 98,596 1 ., 53,008 1 „ 20,408 13,328 47,448 Free n wheat. Odd wild buckwheat and wheat. 43,548 3 ii wheat and barley 46,548 147,648 4 33,988 34,568 1 wild oat 1 Oats Bought in Western Canada, Cleaned and Distributed from Regina. 25,320 83 84 82 88 94 SI 40,670 54,912 18,704 72,744 Odd wild buckwheat and wheat. 4 1 „ Odd black oat and wheat. 45,078 4 SEED GH1IX IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c OATS BOUGHT IN WESTERN CANADA, CLEANED AND DISTRIBUTED FROM CALGARY. As in the case of wheat, the analysis of the oats shipped from Calgary, given below, is based on the official samples drawn by the grain inspector's staff before the grain was cleaned. In all, 77 cars of oats were accepted by the seed inspectors in Calgary, but of this number only the following were distributed for seed : — Percentage of Kinds and Number, Car Number. Seeds (Term- inable in Soil. G rade. Per Pound, of Weed Seeds mentioned 0 :>f Seed Control Act. in Section 90,110 95 No. 2 Free. 46,210 72 No. 2 6 wild oats, 4 ball mustard. 44,1.30 99 No. 2 1 wild oats. 40,630 92 No. 3 4 wild oats, some ball mustard. 52,580 99 No. 2 Free. -.:;,. mil' 73 No. 2 2 wild oats. 55,782 71 No. 2 14 wild oats, some ball mustard. 58,492 82 No. 3 10 wild oats, some ball mustard. 55,592 82 No. 3 10 wild oats, some ball mustard. 55,592 74 No. 3 4 wild oats, some ball mustard. 78,592 82 No. 2 12 wild oats, 12 ball mustard. ♦49,404 74 No. 3 4 wild oats, some ball mustard. 92,214 82 No. 2 10 wild oats, some ball mustard. 41,954 95 No. 1 14 wild oats. - 72,684 99 No. 2 Free. 57,094 75 No. 2 20 ball mustard. "71,016 60 No. 3 8 wild oats, some ball mustard. 73,636 82 No. 3 4 wild oats. 77,296 82 No. 2 Some ball mustard. 57,308 92 No. 3 4 wild oats, some ball mustard. 53,228 96 No. 2 10 ball mustard. 74,738 97 No. 2 Free. 90,158 66 No. 2 2 wild oats. 72,758 83 No. 2 6 wild oats, 4 ball mustard. 48,688 S7 No. 2 16 wild oats, some ball mustard. 73,298 100 No. 1 Free. "These cars after being sent out, were recalled and rcijaeed. 104 CORRESPOXDEXCE AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 OATS PURCHASED AT EDMONTON. The analysis of the oats purchased at Edmonton, as given below, is based on the original inspection certificate. As at the other points, the grain was thoroughly cleaned after inspection. The car numbers are for the grain as it was purchased, and these may or may not correspond with the car numbers as the grain was sent out. As was previously stated, these oats were of the 1906 crop, and germination tests were considered unnecessary. Kinds and Number, Car Number. Grade. Per Pound, of Weed Seeds mentioned in Section 6 of Seed Control Act. 72,200 No. 1 20 wild oats, odd wild mustard. 3^,242 No. 1 Free. 71,552 No. 1 18 wild oats, odd wild mustard. 58,852 No. 2 8 wild oats, odd wild mustard. 76,404 No. 2 18 wild oats. 78,154 No. 1 211 wild oats, odd ball mustard. 73,214 No. 1 18 wild oats, odd ball mustard. 37,394 No. 2 2 wild oats, odd ball mustard. 25,506 No. 1 22 wild oats, odd ball mustard. 90,386 No. 1 22 wild oats, odd ball mustard. 77,724 No. 3 20 wild oats, odd ball mustard. 91,004 No. 1 14 wild oats. 78,156 No. 1 12 wild oats. 92,546 No. 1 20 wild oats. 72,576 No. 1 14 wild oats. SEED GRAIX IX SASKATCHEWAN AM) ALBERTA 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c ONTARIO OATS. The following ears of oats were purchased in Ontario through the Steele. Briggs Company, and were cleaned and sacked before shipping to the western provinces. In all cases these oats were inspected under Seed Control Act standard, which limits the impurities to one noxious weed seed per pound. Car Number Grade. 24,320 90,884 33,416 16,nlS 41,754 14,682 29,735 15,496 21,332 15,681 76,120 78,132 No. C.mtents of Car. 253 sacks Sensation, 58 sacks 20th Century, variety. 308 sacks (1,100 bush.) Ligowa variety. 1,200 bush. Sensation variety. 367 sacks Sensation variety. 1,200 bush. Dewdrop, 300 bush. Sensation. 250 sacks Sensation, 100 sacks Ligowa, 33 sacks 20th Century. 1,200 bush. 20th Century. 570 bush. Banner, 213 bush. Sensation, 759 bush. Prospect, 144 bush. 20th Century. 208 sacks Scottish Chief, 129 Ligowa, 95 Banner, 68 Tartar King. 220 sacks Scottish Chief, 110 sacks Banner, 70 sacks Ligowa, 100 Tartar King. 145 sacks Banner, 100 sacks Sensation. - 1,500 bush, white oats (variety not named). ONTARIO OATS CLEANED AND DISTRIBUTED FROM WINNIPEG. Car Number. Percentage of Seeds Grerminable in Soil. Grade. Kinds and Number Per lb. of Weed Seeds mentioned in Section 6 of Seed Control Act. Impurities not mentioned in Section 6 of Seed Control Act. 38,200* 36,626 48,476 98,404 97 91 94 94 97 96 97 No. 1 ., 2.... M 1... ., 1.... „ 2... ., 1.... " !•■•■ Free 4 will oats 1 wild oat Some buckwheat and wheat. Free. Odd grain of wheat. 73,984 94,686 54,878 Free Odd grain of wheat. Part of this car was loaded with Xo. 2 western oats. 106 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., fi. 1909 PRIXCE EDWARD ISLAND OATS. The following cars of Prince Edward Island oats were cleaned and sacked at the Winnipeg cleaning elevators: — Car Number. Percentage of seeds Genninable in soil. 91,800 21,320 76,520 93,620 77.140 41.17" 92,370 7 1.0! 10 54,090 57,502 74.612 41.322 59,622 53,432 77,242 76,642 49,252 75,262 142,372 92,572 59,882 54,592 90.0O4 146,304 72.401 95 94 87 86 90 96 89 94 89 91 92 85 S7 SS 88 92 88 92 79 91 88 S3 95 78 96 87 50,904 89 38,914 90 91,134* 82 79. 23 1 87 98,864 91 45,074 100 3.S.2.S4 S9 55 384 S2 39,594 88 91,306 87 77,806 84 56,626 80 44,236 90 38,436 93 140,836 SI 72.156 85 74,266 81 51,466 86 !at Odd cleavers, wild buckwheat, barley and wheat. 3 wild oats - Odd cleavers, wild buckwheat, wild radish, barley and shepherd's needle. 1 wild oat, 1 wild mustard Odd cleavers, wild buckwheat and bar- ley. 5 wild oats 2 wild cats, - wild mustard Odd cleavers, wild buckwheat, barlej' and shepherd's needle. 3 wild oats . .... Odd cleavers, wild buckwheat, barley and vetch. I wild oal, 3 wild mustard Odd cleavers, wild buckwheat, barley and shepherd's needle. 3 wild oats Odd cleavers, wild buckwheat, wild radish, barley and wheat. 3 wild oats. 1 wild mustard Odd cleavers, wild buckwheat, wild I radish and barley. 5 wild oats, 11 wild musfiard Odd cleavers, wild buckwheat, wild radish and barley. 4 wild oats, 2 wild mustard Odd cleavers, wild buekwheat, barley and wheat. 110 CORRESPONDENCE A.\L» PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Owing to the fact that requisitions wore not received for the Empress of Britain shipment, which was cleaned at Fort William, until the grain was cleaned and sacked, it was impossible to get representative samples of the individual cars as billed out. An analysis was made of each car after being cleaned and the shipment proved to be very uniform throughout. From the analysis of the various cars comprising the ship- ment, the following general report has been made out, which may be taken as fairly accurate for any car in the list given below. Kinds and number per pound of weed seeds mentioned in section 6 of the Seed Control Act; one wild oat, one wild mustard. Kinds of weeds and other impurities not mentioned in section 6 of the Seed Control Act, odd cleavers, wild buckwheat, barley, wheat, shepherd's needle, lady's thumb, wild radish, corn ranunculus, Good King Henry, and wild vetch. The highest number of weed seeds mentioned in section 6 found in any car of the shipment was four (wild oats), while some cars were entirely free. The average percentage germination of the entire shipment was 83. the highest being 100 and the lowest 76. The following is a list of cars loaded from the shipment covered by the above analysis :— 41.000. 41,720. 91.140. 39,740, 40,850, 43,980, 39,490, 44,502, 75,312, 43,022, 90,922, 44,432. 43,052, 91,052. 147.752, 43,862, 43,972, 38,092, 145,624. 43.724. 40,094, 42,294, 39,594, 41,516, 38,466, 43,386, 98,548, 42,078, 43,578, 42,298. 42.59*. 37.99S. BARLEY. The following is a summary analysis of the barley cleaned and shipped from Winnipeg cleaning elevators: — Car Number. 145.800 145,800 59,800 37,430 37. 430 147,520 147,520 59,300 91,780 91,780 76,590 ,6,690 54,612 54,612 74.222 77,622 42,442 94,842 94,252 51,782 42,192 90,492 77,592 77,592 48,304 48,304 44,704 75,034 44,434 58,384 32,684 38.694 99.016 37,536 94,676 94,676 78,888 37,093 Number of sacks in ear. Grade. 505 234 450 340 285 189 604 630 115 552 325 3(Xi 468 157 644 600 485 625 409 625 635 465 372 68 331 384 620 ?,44 625 445 522 625 427 625 526 134 525 550 3x 3x 2\ 3x 2x 2 2x 3x lx 2 2x lx 3x 2x 2x 2 3x 2x 2x 3x 2x 3x 3x 3x 2 2 2 2x 3x 3x Kinis and Number per lb. of Weed Seeds mentioned in Sec. 6 of Seed Control Act. 1 wild oat 2 wild oats - 1 wild oat, 1 purple cockle 2 wild vats Free 2 wild oats. 2 „ 2 m 1 purple cockle 2 2 1 wild oat 1 wild oat. 4 purple eockle in 2 lbs, 1 cc, 1 p.c. in 2 lbs 1 wild oat. 2 wild oats 2 3 ,. 3 .. 2 6 Impurities not mentioned in Sect- ion (> of Seed Control Act. Odd grain wheat. Odd tame oat and vetch. Odd grain wheat. Odd vetch . ii and tame oat. Odd grain wheat. Odd vetch and tame oat. Odd vetch and w. buckwheat. Odd grain wheat. Odd wild buckwheat. ( Idil vetch and w. buckwheat. Odd wild buckwheat. Odd vetch and w. buckwheat. ■I and w. buckw heat. 1 wild oat in 2 lbs. . I wild oat in 1^ lbs. 1 wild oat in li lbs. 1 wild oat 2 wild oats S „ 1 wild oat in 2 lbs. 5 wild oats.. . 1 wild oat 1 wild oat 8 wild oats 1 purple cockle. 5 wild oats 1 wild oat in 2 lbs. 2 wild oats 0 3 Odd w. buckwheat and wheat. Odd vetch and tame oat. n and tame oat. Odd grain wheat and w. buckw Odd vetch and wheat. Odd grain wheat and tatm <.;,r. Odd vetch. and wheat. * 78,888. This car ako contains 120 sacks 2x barley. SEED QSAIN l\ SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 111 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c BARLEY PURCHASED AT EDMONTON. Two cars of barley were purchased at Edmonton, car No. 47822, graded No. 2, and contained 20 wild oats per pound before cleaning. Car No. 2174, graded No. 2, contained six wild oats per pound before cleaning. The car numbers given are as the grain was purchased, and these numbers may or may not correspond with the car numbers as it was billed out. SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT OF C. C. CASTLE, PURCHASING AGENT. Winnipeg, Max., September 14, 1908. Hon. Frank Oliver, M.P., Minister of the Interior, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — In continuation of my interim report of the 26th of J une last, I have to report that all work in connection with my operations as Seed Grain Purchasing Agent are now concluded. The final closing of the books, owing to a number of outstanding claims to be adjusted, was of longer duration than I had anticipated, but in a work of such magni- tude there must necessarily be some disputed accounts to settle. These I am glad to say are now all satisfactorily disposed of, with the exception of the James Richardson claim in regard to the British oats imported by that firm, and which matter is still in your hands pending decision. In my former report the exhibit last referred to was Exhibit ' M,' so that the first I now wish to draw attention to is Exhibit ' N.' This shows the quantity of each of the grades of wheat purchased for seed; total cost, &c, and the average cost price per bushel; the grade, seed weight, average cost per bushel and distribution price charged to the farmers; total sale value and the profit or loss on the sales. Also the actual cost of each grade of wheat purchased as shown by my books on the 7th of March — the date the sale price to farmers was computed for transmission to Mr. Leech. By referring to the latter part of this statement it will be observed that a ' load- ing charge ' over and above actual cost of the wheat was then added to provide for the payment of premiums over the regular market price (which became operative on the 6th of March) and to provide also for contingent rise in the market price. At the time the premium system was inaugurated, it was absolutely impossible to accurately estimate how many cars would command a premium, or the amount of money that would have to be so paid. My own idea was that about ten thousand dollars would be ample. However, when it became known that premiums of from five to twenty cents per bushel would be paid for practically pure seed, every one who had such seed shipped it out as quickly as possible, which was of special importance at this time in order that the wheat should be cleaned, sacked and distributed to the farmers in ample time for seeding operations. In addition to this the fact that premiums were to be paid had the effect of drawing out almost every car load of prime grain that was in the country within a very short time after the announcement was made ; so that from the 6th of March a very large proportion of the purchases turned out to be wheat eligible to go into the premium class — much more so than was origin- ally anticipated. The premium system was a wise move and was primarily suggested by the Hon. W. R. Motherwell. It was not. however, put into effect until after the question had been thoroughly discussed by Messrs. Motherwell, George H. Clark and myself, and the conclusion we reached was that it was in the best interests of all con- eerned to procure the highest quality of seed for the farmers even if to secure it it cost from five to twenty cents per bushel over the regular market price. While all 112 CORRESPOX DE \ < 7. AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., fi 1909 wheat bought for seed was of very choice quality that that entered the premium class was practically the purest Red Fyfe seed obtainable; very true to type and free from noxious weed seeds and other impurities. The effect of sowing such seed will be apparent in the Northwest for years yet to come. At the wind up it transpired that a very large proportion of seed wheat purchased after the 6th of March commanded a premium. In fact some $30,7S4.86 was paid in premiums, and while the farmers who sowed the grain received the benefit of this extra choice seed at the original price it was listed to Mr. Leech, it unfortunately resulted in a loss to the governments concerned of $21,065.62. Had the system not been instituted instead of a loss there would have been a profit on wheat sales to farmers of $9,719.24 — that is to say taking into consideration the actual cost price of the grain prior to the 7th of March and the sale prices to farmers as listed with Mr. Leech on that date. Could the amount of premiums paid have been foreseen when determining the sale price, of course it would have been raised sufficient to absorb the premium. Exhibit ' O ' gives the car number, from whom purchased and the premium allowed per bushel and the total premium paid, arranged according to grade. Exhibit ' P ' gives a detailed statement of the oat purchases. Local oats were bought at prices ranging from 58 to 65 cents per bushel basis store Fort William. At the beginning it was estimated that one and three quarter million bushels would be required. The total quantity purchased (seed weight) both local and im- ported oats amounted to 979,439.14 bushels, and. had all the above quantity been distributed as seed, the total loss would have amounted to $20,148.15. The local 1 White oats show a profit of $432.80 and the 3 White $85.72, but the 2 White show a loss of $10,629.90 due to the fact that over 70,000 bushels of extra choice Banner oats were bought from A. E. McKenzie & Company, seedsmen, Bran- don, at from 79 to 81 cents per bushel. Originally I estimated about a million bushels of local oats would be required, and that as I was only paying from 58 to 65 cents per bushel for the ordinary selected 2 White oats that the extra price to McKenzie & Company would become absorbed so as to easily permit of the oats being sold (with- out a loss) to the farmers at 70 cents per bushel. A reference to Exhibit 'P' shows that only about 320,000 bushels of local oats were bought altogether, which therefore accounts for this loss. Upwards of 100.000 bushels of oats were imported from Prince Edward Island, which were also sold at a loss owing to the fact that the 30 cent per hundred rate allowed by the C.P.R. did not apply in this case (as I at first supposed) as Pictou was not a point from which this rate was applicable on account of being an Inter- colonial railroad point. The Intercolonial railroad did not file with the Board of Railroad Commissioners a special seed grain tariff; consequently the ordinary grain rates from Pictou to St. John had to be paid. Over 412,000 bushels of oats were imported from Great Britain. The first ship- ment via the Empress of Britain upon being examined on its arrival at Winnipeg- was found to be practically free from all impurities, so that only one test car of the shipment was cleaned. I concluded therefore that none of the British oats would require cleaning and computed the sellinu price to farmers to Mr. Leech at 85 cents per bushel. However, when Mr. Leech's requisitions for oat shipments came in I then found that all these cars had to be unloaded and afterwards reloaded in other cars to suit his requisitions. In addition, the oats were put up in sacks of from 160 to 170 and 224 pounds each, so that as in any case the grain would require to be resacked. and as it would cost almost as much to do this as to have it recleaned. I decided to clean the balance of the British shipments at the elevators here. This caused the loss above referred to. otherwise there would have been a gain of 2} cents per bushel. There was also a small loss in the sale of the barley. When approximating the prices I did not make sufficient allowance for waste in cleaning, and as the barley cost upwards of $1 a bushel laid down here before being cleaned, an extra shrinkage of 2 or 2J per cent would easily account for the loss. SEED ORAIN IN SA.SKA.TCBEWAN AND ALBERTA 113 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Most of the barley had to be run through five or six times slowly before the pro- vincial governments representatives would pass it. While the greatest care was exercised in purchasing seed grain both as to quan- tity required and also as to its quality, notwithstanding this there was a large surplus after all seed grain requirements were filled. At the commencement of operations in order to get the grain moving as quickly as possible, contracts had to be made with various persons, firms and corporations for specific quantities of the various grades of grain required; (these contracts having been made early in the season when very large quantities of seed were expected to be required, but before it could be definitely ascertained what the actual requirements were likely to be) they could not of course be repudiated. In addition to this in order to get the seed in time it was necessary to conduct purchasing operations in Great Britain, Prince Edward Island, Ontario, Winnipeg, Brandon, Regina, Moosejaw, Calgary and Edmonton, and as no grain was accepted except it came up to the very high standard that had been set, it was practi- cally impossible to estimate how much of the grain contracted for would be actually delivered. From the commencement my endeavour was to avoid having any large surplus, but, under the circumstances above referred to it was practically impossible to keep it lower than I did. At the same time I felt it was my duty no matter what demand might be made on me, to have seed grain available upon request. I do not think that the original estimates of seed requirements was very much overstated. The amounts stated could easily have been used, but in many cases after it became known that the government intended supplying seed grain advances, it had the effect of causing the loan and mortgage companies to take a more generous view in the matter of helping their customers to secure seed. The surplus seed grain was sold by me from time to time to the very best market advantage — Exhibits ' R ' and ' S ' give the details of such sales. I attach memoranda of conference of representatives of the Dominion, Saskatche- wan and Alberta governments held at Eegina on the 18th of May, 1908, regarding the disposal of shortage in out-turns of cars at distributing points, and the disposal of surplus seed wheat, oats and barley at local points in Saskatchewan and Alberta. Also regarding disposal of surplus grain sacks and my office furniture. The surplus seed grain, sacks and furniture were disposed of in accordance with this memoranda : — ' Memorandum of conference of representatives of the Dominion, Saskatchewan and Alberta governments. Dominion government represented by — W. W. Cory, Esq., Deputy Minister of the Interior. C. C. Castle, Esq., Purchasing Agent. R. E. A. Leech. Esq., Inspector Dominion Land Agencies. Saskatchewan government — W. R. Motherwell, Esq., Minister of Agriculture. Alberta government — George Harcourt, Esq., Deputy Minister of Agriculture. Regarding the matter of net shortage in out-turn of cars at distributing points. It is agreed, that actual shortages, which cannot be accounted for, shall be charged up to administration account. The distributing agent shall charge up all shortages to the purchasing agent, giving detailed statement as to out-turns, as verified by statutory declaration by the railway agents and homestead inspectors. Re the disposal of surplus seed wheat at local points in Saskatchewan and Alberta. The distributing agent is authorized to send out the following circular to mill owners, and others, asking for quotations, and is authorized to dispose of same. The grain above mentioned will be delivered f.o.b. cars at point of delivery. No quotations will be considered for prices quoted less than track price at point of delivery; separate quotations must be given for sacks in addition to the price quoted for grain. 25c— 8 114 CORRESPONDENCE AXD PAPEP.S 8-9 EDWARD VII., > . 1909 CIRCULAR ' A.' 'A quantity of seed wheat is left over on the line of railway after all applications We are now offering this for sale, which is made up approximately as are tilled. We a follows :- No. 1 H. No. 1 Nr. No. 2 Nr. No. 3 Nr. No. 4 wheat. This grain will be delivered to the purchaser's station on this line, freight free. If you desire to secure this, or any part of it, we would be pleased to have quotations separately for each grade, and also quoting price for sacks. The quantities as given above, are approximate, and the actual amounts may be more or less. No quotations less than track price your point will be considered. Separate quotations must be given for sacks, in addition to the price quoted for grain.' Re disposal of surplus seed wheat, in hands of the purchasing agent, purchased but not distributed for seed. That the purchasing agent be authorized to dispose of surplus of wheat now in Winnipeg, Calgary and Edmonton to the best market advantage, delivery of same to be made and sales to be completed not later than July delivery ; the purchasing agent in no case being authorized to sell all or any portion of such purchase at less than the current market price of the grain at date of sale. In the case of the wheat now at Calgary and Edmonton, the purchasing agent is authorized to dispose of same to local mills, providing he can dispose of same for better price than by shipping the wheat to Eort William for sale there. Re the disposal of surplus seed oats at local points in Saskatchewan and Alberta. The distributing agent shall arrange to gather up all surplus seed oats at local railway stations; that in Saskatchewan to be gathered and loaded into car lots and shipped to the order of C. C. Castle, Fort William ; and in Alberta to be gathered and loaded in the same way, but to be shipped to the order of C. C. Castle, at Edmon- ton and Calgary, invoicing the same to Mr. Castle according to grades; English, Canadian and Prince Edward Island oats to be kept separate. Prince Edward Island oats to be billed to the order of C. C. Castle, Fort William, stop off at Winnipeg for orders. That the purchasing agent be authorized to sell the surplus seed oats at Edmon- ton and Calgary locally in the province of Alberta, at not less than market price, or at a premium over the market price: bags extra. Tf unable to do so. to ship same to Fort William for sale to best market advantage, at or above market prices at Fort William or Port Arthur. The purchasing agent to use his discretion in disposing of these oats at such times, and in such quantities, as it may be most advantageous, so as to realize the highest market price possible. In the event of the oats being shipped to Fort William or Port Arthur the grain to be unloaded into the grain elevators there and the sacks turned over to the inspector for the account of the seed grain pur- chasing agent. The sacks, subsequently, to be sold to the best market advantage. Re the disposal of surplus seed barley at local points in Saskatchewan and Alberta. In the event of there being any surplus barley left,. after applications have been filled, the same will be gathered up and shipped to the order of C. C. Castle, Fort William, to stop over at Winnipeg for instructions. Tie the distribution of grain sacks on hand after deliveries are completed. The purchasing agent is authorized to make sale of the same to the best advantage, using his own discretion as to time and place for making sales. Re thirteen cars of oats and two cars of wheat, purchased by the Alberta govern- ment from Mr. Castle, purchasing agent. SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c % It is agreed that this grain shall be treated as having been handled under the ordinary distribution arrangements; that is, applications and mortgages shall be completed in proper form by the representative of the Alberta government, and trans- ferred to E. E. A. Leech, distributing agent. The invoices which have been sent to Mr. Harcourt shall be transferred to Mr. Leech and Mr. Leech shall issue formal requisition upon Mr. Castle to cover the invoices. If, however, in connection with this transaction there have been extra freight charges, amounting to more than $1,000. the Alberta government shall pay such amount as is in excess of $1,000. Re office furniture purchased for the seed grain offices in Eegina. If the furniture has not already been paid for by Mr. C. H. Beddoe, from the seed grain appropriation, he shall arrange to make such payment. If the Dominion Department of Public Works has paid for the furniture, Mr. Beddoe shall arrange to reimburse the Department of Public Works, by paying for same out of the seed grain appropriation. When the offices are closed the distributing agent shall dispose of the same to the best advantage. In connection with the furniture in the Winnipeg offices, Mr. Castle shall dispose of this to tho best advantage.' (Sgd.) W. W. CORY. GEO. HARCOURT, W. R. MOTHERWELL.' Dated at Eegina. May 18th, 1908. A profit and loss statement, Exhibit ' T,' is also attached , from which it will be noted that the net loss in connection with seed grain purchasing operations totals $143,457.71, or a loss if equally divided between the Dominion, Saskatchewan and Alberta governments of $47,819.23, which under the circumstances should be con- sidered as moderate. In this connection I desire to record my appreciation of the work of the Canadian Pacific Railway Co. and the Canadian Northern Railway Co. The former reduced the freight rate from Great Britain to West St. John from 17s. to lis. per ton on the English oats, and further reduced the rate from West St. John to Winnipeg from 55 cents per hundred to 30 cents per hundred. In addition, both railway companies gave a reduced rate of 10 cents per hundred from Fort William or Port Arthur to Winni- peg. Also special rates from any point in Saskatchewan to Winnipeg and return to any point in Saskatchewan of nine cents per hundred, or a cent a bushel extra if such grain was delivered as clean seed in Alberta. This practically amounted to one- half the ordinary east bound export rate. In rebates on freight alone I estimate up- wards of $100,000 were contributed by the above companies. In addition to this their country station agents looked after the execution of liens and mortgages and distri- bution of grain to individual settlers — a direct saving to the governments con- cerned of many thousands of dollars. In most cases the station agents did the work of distributing seed grain faithfully and well, but as at times there were from thirty to one hundred different farmers' grain in one ear, this fact will explain the great diffi- culties the station agents had to contend with. Sometime after I had been shipping seed grain to Mr. Leech he sent me corrected out-turns, showing cars were short of billed weight. This I found hard to understand as the cars when loaded were all carefully double checked bag by bag. However, feel- ing mistakes might have occurred I corrected my books to agree with Mr. Leech's reports until one day he sent me a copy of a letter from the station agent at Tisdale on the Canadian Northern Railroad. After this Mr. Leech did not send me any more corrected out-turns, and had he done so I could not have accepted them, in view of this agent's letter above referred to. In fact it was the duty of the station agent to send particulars of out-turns under oath, which has not been done in any one case. The difference in weight of grain delivered at country points between Mr. Leech's report and mine is therefore thus explainable, viz. : in many cases the agents were 25e— 8J 116 CORRESPOXDEXCE AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 unable to check over the number of bags in the car, and in many cases farmers helped themselves and reported the quantity of bags they had received. In some cases bags were found to be torn upon arrival at destination. I attach copy of correspondence from Mr. Leech under date May the 20th relating the method of distribution by this agent: — Mr. R. E. A. Leech, Regina, Sask. Dear Sir, — Be shortage 20 bush, oats car 91052 I am unable to say as to whether this shortage existed when car arrived, as owing to the way the oats were piled in the car, it was impossible to make a count. It was not convenient for me to be on hand at all times to check out loads as they were wanted and in a number of cases I found it necessary to allow farmers to help themselves. It is possible that some one, either intentionally or otherwise, took more than his share causing the shortage. There are two more cars finishing here now which are also short a few bushels. It would have been a great deal more satisfactory to all concerned to have had a government agent to look after this grain; an agent, without assistance, at a point like this cannot close his office for hours at a time to handle some side line of busi- ness such as this without getting into trouble with the railway or their patrons. Yours truly, (Sgd.) R. DAVIDSON, Agent. No one not connected with the work can in any manner even fairly estimate the magnitude of the work of the purchasing, cleaning and sacking the large amount of grain that was distributed as seed by the government this season. Never in any civilized country has a work of such magnitude ever before been undertaken. Every bushel of wheat was bought cleaned, sacked and distributed before the 1st of April; the oats before the 7th of May and the barley before the 30th of May. Most of the barley in this country is sown after the 8th of June. To accomplish this the cleaning plants had to work night and day and often on Sundays too, as the seed had to be in the farmers' hands in time — in no one case was it delayed. The quality of the seed supplied has already in my previous report been referred to at length, so that beyond stating again that it was all of the best quality and free from impurities there is nothing to add. In placing the purchasing operations in my hands the governments have saved $35,000 profits which is the least any dealer would have required for his services of purchasing, cleaning, sacking aand shipping the grain. My membership on the Grain Exchange saved the government one cent per bushel on all purchases and sales which non-members are required to pay — and in addition to this a dealer would require a further profit for being responsible for the cleaning, recleaning, sacking and shipping. It is estimated that upwards of seven million bushels of wheat, twenty million of oats and one million of barley will be harvested from seed supplied by the government, and considering its high quality the benefit to the farmers of the Northwest must be considered of national importance. There only remains of the work now. to deliver the surplus sacks to the pur- chaser (who has until December next, to take delivery) and to dispose of the office furniture, express the office records to Ottawa and the work is completed. In conclusion, I desire to thank you, sir. for the honour that you and the Honour- able W. R. Motherwell, Commissioner of Agriculture for Saskatchewan, and the Honourable W. T. Finlay. Minister of Agriculture for Alberta, through his repre- sentative and deputy. Mr. George Harcourt. conferred when appointing me to the very responsible and onerous position of purchasing agent in the seed grain advance °chpme. It was with much hesitancy and diffidence that T accepted it. rind only that SEED GRAIN IN .SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 117 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c you and the provincial ministers above referred to, who were associated with you in the work, laid the matter before me as a duty, my personal feeling would have been to have declined the honour. In accepting the position, however, I did so with the earnest intention of bending every effort towards procuring only the very best qualities of seed grain for the farmers of the Northwest who were in need of it and at the lowest possible price, and while I trust I have been fairly successful in this regard I might add many obstacles had to be daily overcome in the accomplishment of the results such as they are, and I trust that such results as I have achieved will merit the approval of your government and that of Saskatchewan and Alberta. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, CHARLES C. CASTLE, Purchasing Agent. EXHIBIT "N." Statement of wheat showing grade, seed weight, kind of grain, original cost, freight, handling charges, &c. EXHIBIT "O." Statement of premiums on wheat, etc. EXHIBIT "P." Statement of oats showing grade, seed weight, kind of grain, original cost, &c. EXHIBIT "Q." Statement of barley showing grade, seed weight, cost, efce. EXHIBIT "R." Statement of oats sold for cash, &c. EXHIBIT "S." Statement of wheat sold for cash, &c. EXHIBIT "T." Statement of ledger balance showing profit and loss. us I L.YI> VA 5 4 CC -+i A ° cs .2 X * M «4-l CO o S X « Hi o o O a ., o T 3 be > is ° — Oh ^* Sf^ ^2 a -o so 3 £ "3 rv <- &HO ■So o — co "3 a J« so «- •r- © o °* w sc ° s S^ ^-o . c ■a ^ s _ - 73 O^ so Eh s _ £ 60 O O «"§ Z o S w < x S fi 43 x o c c w S = > :. :_ r Eras 1 rH r-4 HHr co *.- — ec - l- - I- O ? H 3S(M*C - <5& i-JtN C ; < 00 13 — — CO C 3 CO o 1— t~co I- J D L-. X I ~ CO 1" CO ' i CM O MOHr-? J iO o S£ X T1 t» >-< t- X 43 MHONO 1 CM £ o o^ c > CO fc — i— co - CO x" o o *-o o o b- © o5 •*■ X t- ** o t o u sn .■.lit or ■inn c; ri ■- x ~ > <* t - — . — .- > "* &■ r. >r. i - i ' t— Q- £ ~~ ~ TT < & X CO xi-Niftir t- J4 u X t- rH «N *> t— a a t-rH co -^ cr o cc CO OS »-< 1-- -r OS S% ten? rH rfi-'rf-? ■* 43 — CM CO 0 O X t-- n cj eg r- -^r c O ^h X t* cr. *=} o b-X t-O X OS T — '-" f 1 ~ CI ^0 &$ ir; r: x c "* a WNX*f t^1 d CD -r -*■ 1 1 c t- I- 8 Hncpsic CM *j C4 C4 CO t- C£ CM J3 OS OS iH r-4 ec X be «£ HlOSr CO a> L.* U- X tT o CO fe 1 43 X ^»co:^ o 0 u SO lO «0 O K CM Q to co to cc c- JO do oo « f-i «e CM "3 3% O O X CI t- CM B f-t t-H I- X C o ■a OS OS t-C 1 »o c ° ^ o oo o J= ^J"f f 1 o bo rf coo x x 1 o '3 CO CO o x c ""** * J£ L* — i x ~. t- 1 TJ* HH r-Teo -r co"i~ X C- X C" CO CM 1 »o £ 73 H < H 31 & 1 S -13 - - Eh 3g - "-* K^ r- CN CO y X eS T3 3 ^3 3 0) 0) .c 3 " SO •^ 3 O =3 o -* 0) o > ^ o H » "5 03 $ cts. 1,825 46 98,097 73 109,1126 52 303,867 96 98,957 78 •r 3 Price Distributed at. .2 c: x o t^^ 9& Average Cost per Bushel. $ cts. 1.19 70 LOO 1 22 05-100 1.15 74 100 1 11 66 loo 1 01 84 LOO 'Petal Cost. $ cts. 1,837 15 101,403 71 109,714 31 317,110 78 102,720 83 CO N X CM* CO CO 43 CO coo T TJ* ^* ^ rt O Z K j£ l- r- x s a p b "J* 3 U3 1 ■3 U & X a ■z CM OS 0 49 e SEED GRAIX IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 119 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c l-T i HP* ■ <■)■■ H' i— 1 cue « •* « r ^s cc 55 o © © • q* o* d d d & " 2 e# bo • 02 (T) ^ O - 6 o3 ■ o J3 x o fc rt $ e>S : C 1-1 co ; 60 ■ be — Jr -^ h ; a . SrsJ1? o ^3 C 1% .-*?1 <-H"+ c rHlOCO-f « o. * o 9000C © o o o © © f-t -#- -» e© 9© . a o o « M ! ci 2 H o3 a « © d t« O "o §3 ^3 £ c>S | 3 M Hpi CM 5 5*-' be bo O S.J a b i izi'B 2 » S o z i rff1 2 -~ l-H °3 "5 ■—I o e*4 O CO C O K T M o „, tS © © © © © CD ? r-J d d © s ^-1 "B €^ a© CS K t« S- 0| CD £ J3 c3 Z PS *fe OB be ^ -> X c o O s ■7- O !21 CO "3 ft'43 +3 .g b a T3 -E -~ '5 fc^ ^ -<= <& -«M?i -+JO c _ -a c3 -S c-i m co -r cm 00 cS r c c s e .-H a 3 ^ HOOOC 5 £j 'Sb 9© «©■ H o CO «« « tf s> Is +^ .3^ c8 a 60 z a H IB 03 b C ) & so o _fi «4 0 '5 60 a '-3 a; oo 3 rH S°-° bo bfi b a as H 'u ^ 1 c — b 1 0! 1 - * — 1 ■c 3. 2 V ^ — - i Fi 31 E = *3 03 O o a c» "Z — ri = 120 GOBRESPOKDESCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Exhibit -u: 1 NORTHERN. Statement of Premiums oil Wheat, showing Car Number, Party Purchased from, Seed Weight, Premium Paid, Out-turn of Car, and Amount of Premium paid per Car. Car No. 3G028 13760 59972 42748 U692 43110 42050 37556 42222 30618 :;si;i2 830 44270 39588 22148 48344 37940 42334 30450 302502 35890 24210 2U372 44538 47852 43210 40558 43834 11786 43394 78152 44802 38040 28690 53576 From whom Purchased. Imperial Elevator Co North Star Grain Co. G. B. Murphv & Co R. Muir&Co ...: Sam Scott Grain Growers' Grain Co R. Muir& Co Grain Growers' Grain Co . A. W. Playfair •J. Richardson & Sons Dominion Elevator Co . . . . A. Eniberg Farmers Elevator Co Northern Elevator Co Western Elevator Co . . . . . D. Steele W. Dunbar K. Hutchison Merchants Bank of Canada McLennan Bros. ... W. Fallis F. Dewart A. H. Rogers R. Bell Imperial Elevator Co Grain Growers' Grain < 'o. P. Jensen & Co S. Scott W. Galloway A. Potter Alberta Pacific Elevator Co.. Alberta Grain Co . Alberta Grain Co Royal Grain Co W. Carson & Co Seed Weight. l,08fi 1,012 970 1,007 1,039 10 925 10 1,037 998 830 1,01030 1,002 000 20 1,116 1,020 10 054 10 968-40 850 800 TO 975 1,02340 975 057 30 086 50 907 30 1,009 30 1,067 30 979 1,002 710 980 1,023 1,135 936 522 1,040 Premium per Bushel. Out-turn. 15 10 10 10 10 15 5 10 10 5 10 5 5 5 10 15 10 20 10 15 10 20 10 10 15 20 10 10 10 5 16 20 15 20 1,107 1,02750 988- 10 1,098 30 1,073 953-40 1,037 1.021 10 851 30 1,016 30 1,015 30 l.n-24 20 1,138 TO 1,02830 663 40 088 1,004 40 868 TO 1,100 40 1,061-40 991-20 68150 707 50 1,019-30 1,133 40 1,08130 1,00950 1.022 50 825 30 1,101 1,025-20 1,142-20 941 05 530 30 1,047 50 Premium paid per Car. .-< cts. 50 00 154 17 98 82 M'.l S.', 107 30 95 37 155 55 51 05 85 15 101 65 50 77 102 43 56 90 51 42 33 18 98 80 150 70 m; sj 220 14 106 17 148 75 os 17 141 57 101 95 113 37 162 23 201 H4 102 25 82 55 110 10 51 28 171 40 1SS 20 79 57 209 60 32,92150 34,329 35 3.S99 17 2 NORTHERN 36046 48948 42654 1944 98824 78660 92572 43206 45890 41398 146416 40164 147218 38202 41170 39910 33492 Imperial Elevator Co Winnipeg Elevator Co ... . North Star Grain Co I. Coxworth Western Elevator Co G. B. Murphy & Co. . . . Wheat City Flour Mills.. . Grain Growers' Grain Co. Imperial Elevator Co G. B. Murphy & Co Western Elevator Co Grain Growers' Grain Co. Northern Elevator Co. . . . Young Grain Co G. B. Murphy & Co W. B. Chisholm Grain Growers' Grain Co. 966 40 1,060 1,018 954 1,024 1,01740 1,119 1,012 1,009 1,093 1,389 1,037 1,252 1,135 1,118 30 1,040 1,010 1-30 5-20 * 20 •50 I -30 5 15 5 5 5 10 10 10 5 5 10 10 5 5 15 5 1,030 TO 1,079-40 1,050 40 983 l.l l IS 10 1,052 30 1,119 1,039 1,009 1,093 1,389 1,037 1,310 1,165 1,118 1,082 1,045 50 0U 53 98 157 00 49 15 52 43 52 62 111 90 103 90 100 95 54 67 69 47 103 79 131 05 58 25 55 92 162 32 52 30 SEED ORAIX IX SASKATCHEWAN AXD ALBERTA 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Exh ibit • O. ' 3 NORTHERN.— O.nl. nued. Cai No. 57502 147924 3763S 146580 31702 71804 33094 40630 38120 3925S 39212 15732 7231S 77314 From whom Purchased. H. W. Johnston R. A. Knight N. K. Agnew Northern Elevator Co Young Grain Co Grain Growers' Grain Co . . I train Growers' Grain Co. . . Alberta Pacific Elevator Co Alberta Grain Co W. H. Reyes Alberta Grain Co A. Neville Alberta Grain C i Alberta Pacific Elevator Co. Seed Weight. Premium Premium pel Bushel. Out-turn. paid per Car. Cts. S ocs. 1,08320 15 1,083 20 162 50 1,36540 5 1,40230 70 12 1,030 15 1,07630 161 48 1,391 40 5 1,39140 69 58 1,075 20 15 1,100 165 00 1,023 50 o 1,037 51 85 1,014 20 1,035 10 207 03 96935 10 965 35 96 95 1,005 20 15 1,005 20 150 80 1,046 2o 1,105 20 221 07 762 20 770 85 154 10 654 10 699 30 69 95 940 20 959 In 191 S3 936 10 937 55 93 SO 32,555-05 33. 228 15 3,286 36 3 NORTHERN. 91582 72426 51514 34608 36750 44210 38328 37868 43758 41782 29564 41820 40708 44828 76976 37988 40206 39078 35914 22216 37034 56338 34886 49210 42532 2706 40146 92766 26324 57966 73000 75730 E8336 52232 58864 4162 38520 41010 44518 37736 42998 41680 37168 44360 Imperial Elevator Co. . North Star Grain Co. . . Winnipeg Elevator Co. North Star Grain Co. . . Herriott & Milne Canadian Elevator Co. . British American Elevator Co. North Star Grain Co Northern Elevator Co P. Jensen & Co Grain Growers' Grain Co International Elevator Co Winnipeg Elevator Co . Smith Grain Co Canadian Elevator Co Herriott & Milne jOgilvie Flour Mills Co . . I North Star Grain Co Western Elevator Co Grain Growers' Grain Co . . International Elevator Co . Smith Grain Co North Star Grain Co Western Elevator Co North Star Grain Co McLaughlin & Ellis Dnnsheath & McMillan Dunsheath & McMillan Thompson Sons & Co W. L. Mooney Imperial Elevator Co British America Elevator Co. Canadian Elevator Co. 909 10 1,000 20 1,005 o 1,030 10 1,047 10 1,084 20 1,100 10 1,130 15 1,105 20 1,160 10 734 10 982 .i 993 30 10 973 20 in 1,026 5 1,021-30 15 1,000 15 1,034 15 1.1H7 10 680 10 1,066 20 15 1,125 40 20 1,028 15 973 20 10 1,050 15 1,080 20 979 40 15 1,035 10 15 734 15 1,130 15 969 30 10 1,019 30 10 1,100 15 1,110 20 888 40 10 990 10 1,110 10 1,080 10 1,106 10 1,090 10 1,060 15 1,090 20 1,080 15 1,120 20 978-50 .-,0 llll 1,008 20 201 67 1,04540 52 28 1,038" 10 103 80 1,054-20 lu5 43 1,099-20 219 87 1,124 112 40 1,139 lo 170 87 1,131 226 20 1,17130 117 13 734 40 73 46 1,013 20 50 67 1,036 40 103 66 989 30 98 95 1,05130 52 58 1,042- 10 156 40 1,002 30 150 38 1,053 20 158 00 1,11020 111 03 694 30 69 45 1,066-20 159 25 1,136 50 220 37 1,060 159 00 '.urn 50 .99 08 1,056 40 158 5o 1,084 50 216 97 1,036 30 155 47 1,058 158 70 751 10 112 67 1,143 20 171 50 1,019 30 101 95 1,031 103 10 1,103 165 45 1,125 50 225 17 900 30 90 05 1,019 10 101 92 1,122-40 112 27 1.084-40 108 47 1,116 111 60 1,096 109 60 1,094 30 164 18 1,126.50 225 37 1,116 40 167 50 1,135 20 227 07 CORRESPOXDEytE AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 ■ ,, 3 NORTHERN.— CWi,- tied. Car No. 892 358o4 145690 5S756 73198 2-4376 37878 2974 78024 54902 21924 140846 20086 54500 43432 44580 902 39666 42166 41400 39878 40370 56412 15952 146062 32822 52654 1342 35922 39778 42S98 From whom Purchased. R. Muir & Co Western Elevator Co ii ii Imperial Elevator Co W. L. Sargent North Star Grain Co British American Elevator Co, Grain Growers' Grain Co G. B. Murphy T. E. Findlay International Elevator Co . . . Simpson Hepworth Thompson Sons & Co D. Morrison D. Morrison D. Morrison British America Elevator Co . North Star Grain Co C. Turner Northern Elevator Co McLennan Bros .... R. Muir & Co McLaughlin & Ellis Winnipeg Elevator Co. .. Grain Growers' Grain Co . . Thompson Sons & Co F. Greentree M. Mcintosh British America Elevator Co. Seed Weight. 1,036 1,070 1.37" 1,100 980 610 1,032 998 1,060 1,140 635 1,320 40 703 '20 I.070 1,133 20 1,185 1,022 1,110 1,060 1,068 40 1,12320 962 20 1,064 620 1,330 1,000 1,042 866 1,034 1,105 1,105 76,093 Premium per Bushel. Out-turn. Cts. 15 20 5 5 5 5 20 10 5 10 5 10 10 15 10 10 10 10 5 5 20 20 20 2o 5 15 15 10 15 15 20 1,059 1,086 1,388 1,116 981 618 1,057 1,021 1,072 1,155 640 1,348 706 1,077 1,164 1,189 1,056 1,112 1,070 1,095 1,130 971 1,088 624 1,344 1,018 1,084 868 1,076 1,110 1,143 78,474-46 Premium paid per Car. 5 cts. l.-.s s7 217 34 69 42 .-,,-. SI! 49 10 30 90 211 47 102 12 53 62 115 58 32 04 134 80 70 65 161 57 116 45 IIS 99 105 65 111 27 53 50 ."it 75 226 03 194 30 217 67 124 83 67 22 152 75 162 72 86 82 161 52 166 50 228 70 9,823 12 SEED ORAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Exhibit '0: 3 NORTHERN.— Continued. Car No. From whom Purchased. Seed Weight. Premium per Bushel. Out-tui n. Premium paid per Car. 41554 1,116 1,105 1,130 1,044 686 ti'd 1,068 1,030 1,231'30 1,133 20 1,057 1,030 1,097 20 1,090 1,070 1,110 1,080 1,120 1,093 30 1,08840 963 40 1,090 1,076 1,056 1,077 1,07020 1,050 990 1,432 1,42535 8.80 687-20 649 20 1,006 990 710 1,428 25 700 15 998 1,056 818 988 952 1,106 1,052 998 674 1,000 1,083 20 1,006 1,004 Cts. 20 20 15 10 5 15 15 15 10 10 10 20 15 15 20 10 15 15 15 15 15 20 15 10 20 10 20 20 15 15 20 15 5 20 20 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 20 15 10 15 20 5 5 10 1,139 S cts. 227 80 38430 4351C 1,108 50 1,131 221 74 169 65 35806 11850 26806 1,067 721 068 1,081 1,048 1,261 1,137 1,070 30 20 50 10 20 40 30 106 7."> 36 07 100 32 44104 36744 39268 Spencer Grain Co ... 162 17 157 25 126 17 2790 41482 113 75 107 00 39722 1,035 207 00 42954 42418 4L730 37952 British America Elevator Co 1,137 1,118 1,108 1,114 1,115 1,125 1,097 1,132 963 1,119 1,117 1,090 1,099 1,087 1,063 1,002 1,446 1,435 1,035 707 677 1,014 1,004 721 30 30 20 30 10 30 40 40 50 30 20 30 10 20 30 30 50 50 50 40 ?0 170 63 167 70 221 70 111 43 3088 167 33 38942 57556 168 77 164 63 48876 39444 Herriott & Milne 169 90 114 45 40666 223 80 41040 38030 » 167 67 109 05 75364 219 87 59748 108 75 15666 17598 212 63 20i> 46 101196 216 98 103515 54912 215 33 207 20 23128 25710 Anglo Canadian Elevator Co 106 17 33 88 35374 202 80 43458 200 94 29700 72 16 147172 1,435 718 1,005 40 1,071 10 936 15 1,032 30 952 1,128 1,056 30 1,020 50 682 1,015 10 1,093 1,02150 1,024 30 143 50 17864 71 80 55036 201 14 47752 214 23 90928 33764 C. N. Brett 187 27 206 50 59868 190 40 92484 225 60 92488 158 47 43792 17174 Alberta Pacific Elevator Co 102 10 102 30 31338 203 03 41242 54 65 91376 51 10 56396 102 15 128.151 35 131,673 15 17,757 66 124 CORREsI'OXDEXCE A.XD PAPERS ' : — x pa > c c - c c r — = ,o < << i • ED o X Lt x .-- t- X X O IC ?! X L- Tl CO c: to )Q CD C5 X CO t^ W CO c _ = o m S oo o io s» o; K in -3 4-; of o croTioVH" SQ CO*" of & -J- Xi C-l Tl X < - 33 £ W CO t- .* (E s — » 1 «- JO BO NfiOXO'Jt C O so - DO o C- -t* CO X ~ X 3 :3 « X T. 3 1M O bD 5 & o £ — 1 CO lO X t- ID im ^f x x co m • CO ©? T r: TI r- °„'-~ " °i a o U^3 s- ■^* r-TcO* '. s no | < v: ap o M S : 3 '> - c X « laoo^ioc* i-i oi ■ J* W nOO'ftHN " 73 eo t-« so »o io io as CO M E X xc^wt-^ci CO Z& iont-Mt^©-H o •s i-H C* Cf i£ "2 o ~ 43 43 rfi O ci O p." ight, H Shipped EC NONONW • ! 00 bb U iM »-( X X t-^ *-~ t^OiOOCncOrH ■ o ^P ifl o X O X t> 1 9& X CO X CO W^rf* - 3 § .-1 Tl S .O X « -s^ HJ O 'O EXH ginal O Bushel . OD 00 -f f H '£ « f 3S +i CJ f^ J5 OSiOtrx-r^ U €fc t-.-rr-.CN W -^ CO "3 ^hn -r?C-£ CO*" L* — t- fc ■ oo cn ; tH a i&ioOrt^o:i cs OOlO-fCOC^— i t— "3 ^ TPOt-OOCN ■* -3 » ■s-5 w c NHMIflXM 'iO CO CO i-H M '-T> X CS "bo c3 cq *C o ■S s ja 43 inox-fc.s C5 SD-S J5 0W02«« i— t © o be eo Tt- n x o o o cs '3 SOOnXOt- CO £ .3 (D "£i CI lO "O t 1" co" -r rf « -^ o w* -r 05 ■Sfc « — T3 a) o 02 lOiowwrjH eo -r a. •~ d C| bo^"1 c . •— r £ 60 o a ■S"3 CO < o 'cS S ^ ■ o .2 J3 2 Eh © eo •# oa in oa ea &s K ^ ^ ^ ifi X :" X *-" Ol •5- - C Ik 5f «n - .&85S of . . E « . CO 5=7? J £ c « * to>^ bo * S £ P. ■o = I c - C C C ~ t— M rtHC IO © OS CO 00 ^ « O x © c. o c: * s- -~2 S2.&.9 J5 = S -^.to S — . — z • — 0 s ** c x -- rt c^. c3 C~ C- -= i *= d " c^ c S.8 s^ ST3 — ^j j= e ; » £ ffl0i^ I q/o o cor** I* Oftcs ■od » e eo *= 3 CD eS c3 co *= *s "T3 c8 +a oS ■aS£ "Cm as,. - - = --C-F .= ; c C ^ CD -~ 5 bo.g f :- I ■S*s.s ■s — — £ CC£h .2 s CO V o ;? 2 5— ■ ■* fe i •' — So*" = -~ 32-0 — ^ 3 o e-a *" o = CO c fl ° c o s »** 05 u K4 s ^? m s-=- c5 1- 5 3-2 £ ■ °^ • 5 >, 2 CP CD Ct * CD C s £- » -3 CD 2*C ? s s CD CP 5 S — -c > aj £ o.5P2 0 CO* = la & i So* •« £cs o S'f.i CO ^C O £ 0 o CD — -jg «^: "! >"S o ' ' c c e 3 fe'i"3 «_! » 1 § s » 3 o C "S rt * ° •g"3 *3 .2 „-c o -— C +J CD SP.O 5,13 -D*5 ^ 128 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 - d -■ h Cy „Z. .j: << 4C — — S3 O a s9 % -M -- 1. r^ -* z si +3 7. T a 3 U aj u a ■§1 o a « j-8 a. «3 .SPft. — 3 _w o o :3 en ■si '_- t- -v ID — a. -3 > .£ ~ a .sp-s y OOOTf < | — r — ~ 09 'XSN N ^ © CO X cc c C -.s ec « ic — :» tO C s»% or:x fc» — -r DO -r 9 — W IC 2 CO ■ ^ ^ - * t- CN © u ic i-l CO X tS 1 fc*3 ■3fc • to ^-1 < ^ -i. O X ■ "f ?1 m ■ © CO CS CO Si -Q0 ri ■ s: £ 3£ -r • -r^ Z: 43 S. © Q ED .-. ■ P3 00 ,-H -co ^r ti Si -00 t- r- t- t- •D 4fc CM ■ b- ©^ rH 3 w » t*.ys~r -P O C C X Si 43 CO t-*-- X J=. CN *1* ?1 Si _ic «= -f fc-CO °* "5 -r" o -*-> ■/. -»" -*i-( Oi 6 ° © -J Si is- Si ©* iO — ■*■ co 15 c *& -r to -r CO r-1 ec ^" '& h z X © f r 33 x ec i* T :. 1 CO >. 0) ; *j *1U • zi a 3 •§ o M 5 - ^5 H *3S g 22 CO 32 O H T3 0) a? CD DO CO § CD a, 2 o D o tD !» aT -3 o a '% o Ed S < Average c< tat Per bushel. S — CO 3 1 s CO i— ■ ProHt. 49 CJ Total Sale Value. b- a© -. so Price Distributed at. ■ 9& Average Cost per Bushel. © © l-H ° S 43 DD 6 2 w "5i ■a CM © 25 >> pq 7 4- c J=. 3 71 O 13 3 — 3 O O ■" a" _o = s ~ a c ■d'o •M O tM O o £ 4J 05 D. 3 a) CD CO CO -a 43 WD B 'I* O x o o © a) ^Q S '2 S a,'3 _o« — S S ;c - — 5 » w 0 i- cs to-* u '53 -3 u » S.-2 "g.S-2 1 — T CQ X X SEED ORAIX IX SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBEKTA SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c 0 o -3 C ■a a a. U3 "5 c -O s 6H = 5 O -S "O 0 > en o - o C3 T1 is S 4) -^ 2 © .2 Si is -s < H 25c— 9 be ... • ■ • - 30 1-t • :«::::•: fc ■ ■ « : ; • • • © -co • irH ; ! i * 1 . Z I I - ^ [- 'HO". C^ r-T : i-H i-T ■O ■ OM . - - . ,-i •»© c •OS ' 35 S C ■ t>. • t-00 00 CO CO -CI ■ t^ t*- - o CO OS c — •Ol-XX • coo I— l-l r .OX' ?*" X .HO! C*l r-T * rH r-T . -r . t- .ot- ©oooooooo .iooio^j . © . x — ci ;** SoootSooSodoooq ;fer^t-t-^ !o . o oo x ac h w n« n w :i t o x t- x ^ as t. ?i fc CM CM if; CO CC CO rJ'r-Tw'rJ'rH'iH o o J3 "Si C s 25 cc cm x © s 00 CO 2 W. 1,134 1,785. CM t- CO GO 1,20*1 1,128 1,674 © CI CO CM .-I O X i-H O lijco t-Ti-T t • £ : g X. CM 30 NCKHNXhCO I-Tl-T i-T i-J" r-r^-Ti-Tr-T 43 e s g. IS 03 "3 X .2 "E .-a 43 c O so S - to g C - C C C CM = ; S c c a: N CM m CO X CO g 00 J2 "be c CM © CM 00 o O CO fr- ee 2 W. 1,134 1,785 CM -*■ CO i-iVTi-frH © © CM CO X ~ ©CO © *r COH £ 35 T-4 SHXCXCCO ic i— »f: -r co -i* as . ^-1 — a — 1 ?■ fc- oc c - a cc — c 5 a - — K U X V \ - e i z '- c • — - c ■-: 7 r - r o — 5 o if if i- z r — - at i -if - If - *f if < X IC EC - - c - n 0 If 3 ? — i o 2 — - IC if -* z- -f a X if e ->- c a 09 C X r- 05 t- X b- — •f • IS 9 2 t- 3 X cr cc — X* c o: cc CO if - r o p X 9 :<- r X -7 if ^1 B r 3 C7i -f OS r> If o- ■z - i 25c~9i 132 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 J> 6C '3 i* a eg - C .2 c e he a> * 'a c ct e 1 b to tT a> — E - a &- s bf> s a c-> 5 o 1 •s ~ — > nS o o o i- u £ oo % 3 03 - m r 1 S ^ o - H ■fl ■S E K f- •i < h . . . . OS <* . . . O co ;;;; ;h ;;;;;; ; to ' ■ f i cm © - . ■ '«» .' ! ! > 55 . *- o . . r* . . . 35 . eo 5 . . . n ; ; ; — " :i-T»4 . ; . C X (M <* 1 !N iOaONO; o . ^ — . CO CO . to t- 1~ I CO :-'"--. jg £ ; : : : '.■ ■ : ; ■ j j : CO x CO CO 4 Ml!!!!!!!!!! 1 ;hlM NHMi 8 I- 0? a X S a, IS w o ^ : 3 8 CO ■j: *x c c c to o '. '.iz tiaco cdq SO t— *-» ^ : : : : : i ~ : •-<'»-< : :::::: : . : • O X N -f ri ri ro 7- ! © 00 N OS . CO 3S CO . to r— 1>- a oo t Mi M;M::M i— i X CO d o ::.:.'::.■ • ■ * ' t- ■•-.-■-• a . . . . . . . -X • J* • . . . . • +J . ~ ■ . . . ■ fl » • « Sc — r — ig t-» -o> — SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 133 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c to 3 "3 CD J3 fl "o.2 3 .-a £ .2 ? d a o 1% a o a a — » 2 CD «*-! C- CD p &•* GO "3» j: to — c0 is 1 = CP O -d - d 1 oo d o •< S3 S l--ift CO CI p C CO "3 ibc: ■** X HNt- CI C CO CO o CI H ©'co'co' CC !-i .-no 0 t>- fe ,o ? : $ CJ '.'■£> X s id . CO 49 t- . t- CO . CO CO e« af to" «* > ft .-i ;t- cs - c b 3> »C "5i CO © fc-» ■**« | c ^CO* Cs a K CO -1- CO CO -* 3 05 o 43 J2 CI - s fcc >' »o ; *- N •s CI . CO E> X .1-H ci CO CO ' « cs" CI • -r -»c: 1ft C) •<- p £ -f ' CS 4f jC . -O IQ CI . CO CO N to ' X <# r- i^ in ;cn CO >" i-i : n 1 CO x . cr CI ^-* CO .«P CO i-H -T C" ,; — - *3 C — — ■- o v^: , y =-y CO °? 00 . oo irs CM p as r^ CM «T> «n CM l£5 CM t~ CB ' -J- O, S-d S « u - g ^ 2 M 2 - S.13 ill p, 03 t» c3 c3 ^s d d MOO *- g. •St h r.-r.-fi oo CO cb CD OS to" I- Oi CO CO cb to era to" t- C73 o o -2> O n, a „j3 >-. c3 cd c3 »" S "S 3 .2 CO ob «r; to o CTS CD " d z to C5 ^ S cS CS 0| fl cc •- "a . o ■ O c* ;sO .2 =" 3 c ra ^ ccj « o oo 3- o ^> 5 3 O b -2 T3 - a « c3 a" £ S d •d tj > M — e3 . w O w i CO «*h TO; o O CO ci- §■3 o g ^ .a -^ ^ its a O CO . CM '*s t- § * — - -d S 2 T3 ° a cS CD i — ' — z. x JS J3 CO -^ o cc O CO 1^ ^ ■« 063 c» -u .• — CM J= > <5 CM CD CD CD CD _, c3 -i-3 ~ a sou 134 SESSIONAL PAPER No. CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 25c w M I— i w SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c 135 996- 10 797 10 795 10 CM 3 1-J O ■*" •-H 1-i © co ■ •© ooo • o - -^r io i-H cm *r ■ -cpixi -ooo ■ • QO O OJ ~ Ol ■ O OS i-T ; i-T ■ 11 §S 2 — * O 4i-J2 _= cS to . 3 73 o s> ~ 5 *= '3 — *3 '3 § * >, ■8.8 a J3 's 3 4= IS SB 02 S Us ■5gf& U ovc 0) OJ ac * i- eS Us 3 "3»o u i -i£. ■g.sa ©-CO GG0202 SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 137 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Winnipeg, September 10, 1908. INVENTORY ACCOUNT. Bag Account : — Anchor Elevator Co., Limited 18,280 (a 34c. 8639 SO 3,635 @ l"c. 36 35 8676 15 Less allowance (sorting) 15 00 8 661 15 In store, Modern Laundry 148,000 @ 6c 8,880 00 nln store, Winnipeg Elevator, Regina 45,000 @ 6c 2,700 00 In store, Scott Bathgate's 6,500 @ 6c 390 00 6 In store, Scott Bathgate's 19,500 138 CORRESPOXDESCE ASD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VI!., A. 1909 Eh « S3 M a: Q < o o X *3 • © -r so • X OS X ■ © t-© 5 so © ■ t-l-© IioaocD .OQiH 11,474 71 45 23 1,160 06 • -^ o ■ -v ro • b-o» •eo • X • b- • co loo • -^ 1- ■*eN IC •o- T — 1* 1 u .= * ft *s ■ b- . co :co •© ■ t^- In •OS o • -r rp - © t>- ■ - OS ■i-H t- ' ■* ^« c so •OS X :§ ■O •r- 1 94 1 "-* P. 1 1 ( . H s j 0 X H 00 IS < D DB • so '© o X c so r © ■© iSOS ^H© t-O SO CO © *^"co" Is II 1 3C — X o X, CO ■ © o — X ■vco ii SO © N -h O IQ 00 CN SO US tC kQ SO N © t- co* eo'ci" Is X 6 X O 3& X OS DO 5 co 3 t-t-- o. IO X* aO X 1-1 §5 BO N - X © • re £ ■ © o • -*• © ■ CO O ™ ri c i^ *r •:: so X SO I 00 o o© i-H OS LO so © © CM ©" X © - 00 X © of noooson © o ■* ^r b- i~ ri ri — 4 • *-r i— to - >C <-- CO ST ic S so r»© so' se* . »-H ■*■ ©" X © o J§ be i 43 c 3 r S u be ri M 43 - 3 _ c O C z ■~ c - > X - 43 c a o e§ j= bj ' i ■z +3 =. O G - C c C a c - '— ED — c Q ai bi s3 1 c * z. - > z_ Z — < - : 7". S X — - d z > 5 - - z E > C ■I to : c c ? r. z -. 2 3 X ; d — oa CD 3 2Q i 'S - — CD '■ f it z B _ o 0 > '3 M 1 d a S 43 s 43 = 1 i B - 'J - > "S 5 93 i — u - - X. a X 3 — - 3 = BO - H T, B 5 a .- cl 5 El '- 1 X C 5 u E s 43 — bj X X J* A r S 3 -I > *3 — o - u 3 cS X - Q : i - - r. B C '^ u ID '5? - z. ■f ■ r > C5 Ph hi i D 43 a > X X O •J i - Tl M — <-o - t- * s - N M - « ~ - t'. -r. - - n iC X f •r. r K -T -T u0 — - -r SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c 139 5ft t- o t- 3& ' 3 Si o C 3 J= o 3 E? o o be ^ J 8 H ft, < d o I 4 co be o a .J pa § 5 £ Q I Steele, D. Snow, M 2,328 69 935 51 19,476 1,385 10 11,754 80 9,918 22 2,975 44 1,029 80 1,048 65 Turner, C. C. & Co 1,72010 1,751 2(1 3,875 23 1,94732 2,i75 40 52130 54,464 30 13,454 20 1,123 10 3,047 20 1,119 2,889 20 2,269 38 3,318 67 504 16 1,622 12 3, 118 18 954 59 52,090 13 14,797 97 1,152 83 2,109 14 2,009 04 1,853 18 1,069 14 4,639 84 1,223 30 Waddell, Thos 1,115 91 Wells, Colin 626 48 Wheat City Flour Mills Co 1,2*9 27 3,080 02 EO,807 34 1,024,959 09 577,364 33 1,280,755 24 150 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Key to Statement No. 2. — Statement showing details of Grain purchased by C. C. Castle, Purchasing Agent at Winnipeg, in connection with Seed Grain Advances, 1908. Anchor Elevator and Warehouse < lo. No. 2 W. Oats Alberta Pacific Elevator Co. No. 1 Wheat No. 2 Wheat No. 3 Wheat. No. 4 Wheat. No. 1 W. Oats. No. 2 W. Oats No. 3 W. Oats. Anglo-Canadian Elevator Co. No. 3 Wheat No. 4 Wheat. Agnew, W. K. — No. 2 Wheat. Alberta Grain Co. — No. 1 Wheat No. 2 Wheat. No. 3 Wheat. No. 1 W. Oats Anderson, W. - - No. 2 W. Oats . Price. § cts. ii 60 0 til Bushels. Freight. 1,810 lo 3,723 28 5,534 04 1 Olf 0 96ft 0 99jj 1 06A 0 94J 0 984 1 02J 1,022 20 987 937 55 96933 1,02150 1,02040 1,309 30 7,208-48 0 01 0 GO 0 57 6,332 20 21,217 23 15,345 26 42,896 01 1 10J 1 204 1 02? 677 50 707 50 1,009 10 2.394 50 1 25$ 1,076 30 114 154 104 131 144 894 934 97$ 99i 04i 094 lof 09J 1,142 20 041 1,005 770 959 1,061 1,093 1,024 2,874 1,738 4,100 1,014 1,004 18,729 50 0 75 1,645.10 0 00 1,19121 S cts. 6 l5 Sundries. § cts Amount. 6 15 77 27 80 69 116 20 1.080 03 2,271 53 3,351 56 0 65 o 1;:. 0 65 0 65 274 10 90 ss 08 88 7 43 7 73 In 71 1,030 52 950 97 933 75 1,028 09 901 14 I. IK IS 52 1,336 28 2 60 7.249 87 1 95 59 65 3 25 3,800 93 12,671 57 8.744 24 64 85 25,276 74 25 90 11 42 061 70 761 86 911 24 2,334 86 1,238 00 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 1 95 1 30 2 60 0 65 0 65 12 35 0 65 1,208 77 1.087 45 1,106 45 870 80 1,094 00 945 42 1,017 20 990 97 2,868 78 1,808 91 4,471 18 1,122 35 1,103 23 19,767 51 1,233 30 I 12 57 705 01 SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 151 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Key to Statement No. 2. — Statement showing details of Grain purchased by C. C. Castle, Purchasing Agent at Winnipeg, &c— Continued. — Price. Bushels. Freight. Sundries. Amount. British American Elevator Co. — No. 2 Wheat 9 cts. 1 09j 1 00? 1 lOl I 13| 1 14| 1 15g 1 151 1 18J 1 19* 1 20" 1 23| 1 24J 0 93? 1 OOg 1 03g i m 1 08f 1 OS, 1 13| 1,174 984 50 S cts. 154 97 89 99 3,887 76 598 25 291 23 145 40 143 06 613 82 525 99 539 70 148 74 155 30 475 11 416 99 286 30 142 93 437 41 439 54 135 59 300 34 9 cts. 0 65 0 65 16 90 2 60 1 30 0 65 0 65 2 60 2 60 2 60 0 65 0 65 1 95 1 95 1 30 0 65 1 95 1 95 0 65 1 30 9 cU. 1,097 63 984 06 No. 3 Wheat . . 28,187 4,419 2,133 1,090 1,021 4,463 4,496 4,322 1,126 1,108 4,510 3,159 2,153 1,061 3,313 3,285 1,027 2,143 30 20 4li 30 in in 10 4ii r,i. 30 in In in 40 2ii in SO 24,494 13 4,302 57 2,134 52 1,098 4S 1,037 01 4,549 69 " 4,710 61 4,607 05 1,211 27 1,215 82 4,971 32 No 4 Wheat 2,542 61 1,879 03 956 05 2,998 56 3,127 2ii 980 8«» 2,134 29 75,18150 9,928 42 44 20 71,032 70 Broad foot, P.— No. 1 Wheat 1 lOi 1 13" 1 1174 1 10 i lij 1 04 1,084 30 86 32 184 60 94 05 93 59 200 66 93 46 11 50 24 97 12 05 12 65 1 30 12 63 1,100 55 No. 2 Wheat 2,366 1,140 1,199 2,240 1,198 30 20 50 10 10 2,464 57 1,119 76 1,213 58 2,301 42 No. 3 Wheat.. . 1,140 00 9,229 30 752 68 75 10 9,339 88 Bane, T. U. A.— No. 2 W. Oats (i 61 1,465 30 74 76 15 31 804 12 Bileooskie & Woodlinger — No. 2 W. Oats 0 57 1,720-20 0 65 980 08 Billet, M.— No. 2 White Oats 0 66 1,238 08 71 57 13 03 732 63 Brennan. Mat. — No. 1 White Oats 0 67 2,409 29 139 29 24 75 1,450 56 Belle, Robert- No. 1 Wheat . 1 234 1,019 30 80 33 10 85 1,164 07 Brimacombe, J. H. — No. 2W. Oats 0 06 1,417 22 62 66 14 83 858 16 Borde, C. M.- - No. 3 Wheat . 1 254 936 10 96 95 10 01 1,064 43 Brackman-Ker Milling Co. — No. 1 W. Oats 0 75 0 75 19,020-25 1,96121 65 65 14,258 38 1,471 23 No. 2 ii 20,982 12 65 65 15,729 61 1 04 9,896 32 1 75 10,290 78 152 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VH., A. 1909 Key to Statement Xo. 2. — Statement showing details of Grain purchased by C. C. Castle, Purchasing Agent at Winnipeg, &c. — Continued. Price. Bushels. Fp ight. Sundries. Amount. Bush, Sydney -T. - No. 2 W. Oats § cts. 0 S6 1.740 S cts, HH-, 49 $ cts. IS (I.", $ cts. 1.023 86 Curr.mings, Hazlett Co. — No 3 Wheat 1 OOi 0 91 0 '.'.V, 1,013 30 85440 1,072 30 2.940 -40 98 78 102 no 115 83 0 65 0 66 0 65 919 13 675 09 907 75 316 61 1 95 2.501 97 No. 2 W. Oats ii 65 3,627 22 222 01 1 30 2,134 00 Canadian Elevator Co.— 1 07J 1 13| 1 14i 1 08J i m 1 10J 1 02 1 14J 1 15J i m 1 23f 1 25J 0 95 1,057 40 960-20 1,024 50 B85 40 1,068 10 1,057 30 15,246 15 2,39910 1,124 1,053 1,135 20 1,09910 1.124 84 18 78 00 llo 68 53 48 S3 33 82 49 2.073 35 304 48 149 86 147 02 159 00 146 50 148 30 0 65 ii 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 9 10 1 30 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 05 1,052 16 1,013 73 No 2 Wheat. 1,062 10 0X7 25 1,087 00 1.081 43 13,468 7> 2,432 20 1,143 49 1,110 35 1,245 27 1,228 12 918 79 29,035- 3,620 85 17 55 27,531 19 No. 2 W. Oats 0 65 1,215 20 .-,u 82 0 05 758 11 Castle, C. C.— No. 2 Wheat 1 11J 712 30 55 57 7 78 732 86 Campbell, D. A— 1 12i 1 103 673 50 1,062 30 53 in i S3 72 7 39 11 28 695 05 1,080 39 1,730 20 130 81 18 67 1.775 44 Campbell ami Wilson — No 1 Wheat . 1 13S 1,146 40 89 44 0 65 1,212 80 Carson, Win, it Co. — 1 14H 1,04750 0 65 1,198 85 No. 2 .. 0 61 0 7122 0 00 0 57 o 71 22 2,006 16 2,24742 5,011 26 2,43130 4,851 26 8054 ii 65 17 68 1 95 1.223 30 2,131 03 3,365 11 No 3 ., 1,386 W B C 76 64 1 95 3,376 32 17,150 10 157 18 22 23 11,4X1 X6 Coxworth, John — t 15| 983 82 57 10 48 1,046 00 Cusach, T.— No. 2W. Oats 0 66 1 05 1,859 24 94 85 19 25 1,113 31 ( lanada Malting Co. — 0,240 0.552 00 >//./< <;h'AIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 153 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Key to Statement No. 2.— Statement showing: details of Grain purchased by C. 0. Castle, Purchasing- Agent at Winnipeg, &c. — Continued. — Price. Bushel. Freight. ■Sundries. Amount. Cheyne, J as. G. — 'No. 2 W. Oats S , ts. 0 66 1,96712 s crs. 100 34 S cts. 20 32 S cts. 1,177 79 Chambers, D. — No 3 Wheat 1 06| • 1,032 30 113 22 10 98 977 99 Chisholm, W. B.— No 2 Wheat. 1 26| 1,082 10 87 48 11 47 1,272 69 Carruthers, Jas., & Co. — 0 70 ii 80 12,928 08 18,395 30 17 50 38 71 13 64 9 10 9,018 01 14,668 70 Crowe, F. S — 0 75 1,24642 0 65 934 50 Dominion Elevator Co. — No. 1 Wheat i m 1 17 1 114 1 054 1,004 1,015 30 1.012 20 2,140 50 78 31 79 21 91 11 231 32 0 65 0 65 0 65 1 30 1,060 58 1,108 28 No. 2 Wheat No. 3 Wheat 1,036 99 2,020 06 5,172-40 473 85 3 25 5,231 91 No 2 W. Oats 0 65 2,207 12 127 58 0 65 1,506 55 Donald ~S] ortison & Co. — No. 3 Wheat 1 14J 1 151 0 94| 1 111 1,067 30 3,410 50 1,080 10 1.099 147 32 393 17 142 58 145 07 0 65 1 95 0 65 0 65 1,070 31 3,552 93 8-1 58 1,083 79 0,657 30 828 14 3 90 6,588 61 No 1 W Oats 0 66 1,890 115 67 0 65 1,131 08 Dunsheath, McMillan & Co.— No. 3 Wheat 1 14| 2,050 30 233 76 1 30 2,120 45 Dewart, Fred. — No. 1 Wheat 1 23J 681 -50 53 18 7 47 778 85 Dunbar, W. — No 1 Wheat. 1 28 1,iki4 4" 73 07 10 70 1.202 20 Embury, A. — 1 23 1,02420 SI 12 10 89 1,167 92 Findlay, F. E.— 1 09J fill 56 (XI 7 06 636 43 Foster, Geo. — No. 2 W. Oats 0 06 118 2,10530 107 40 21 71 1,260 78 Farmer's Elevator Co. — No. 1 Wheat 1,138 10 93 33 0 65 1,249 06 Fallis, Wm.- No I Wheat 1 28J 991 20 89 22 10 57 1,170 35 Eraser, H. A.— No 2 W Oats 6 66 2,24S08 114 66 23 13 1,346 05 154 CORRESPOXDEXCE AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Key to Statement Xo. 2. — Statement showing details of Grain purchased by C. C. Castle, Purchasing Agent at Winnipeg, &c. — Continued. ■ — Price. Bushels. Freight. Sundries. Amount. Fraser, A. — No. 2 W. Oats S cts. o 66 1,712-22 S cts. 81 52 S cts. 17 78 S cts. 1,031 06 Grain Growers' Grain Co. — No. 1 Wheat 1 074 1 124 1 135 1 138 1 16| 1 21g 1 268 1 064 1 09| 1 14* 1 18| 1 is, 1 294. 0 !3 10 11 09 1,084 57 77 "6 10 53 1.144 94 75 00 o 65 689 O'l 2S1 18 22 34 2,328 69 93610 14G 04 10 01 935 51 0 75 11 so 13.400 6,010 19,476 152 70 152 70 10,099 50 4,655 30 14.754 80 SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 163 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Key to Statement No. 2. — Statement showing- details of Grain purchased by C. C. Castle, Purchasing Agent at Winnipeg, &c. — Continued. — Price. Bushels. Freight. Sundries. Amount. Thompson Sons & Co. — X... 2 Wheat No. 3 Wheat $ cts. 1 04i 1 043 1 05¥ 1 ool 1 02 J 1 03| 1 191 1 19 1 20j 1,031 10 1,011 1,095 765-50 1,047 30 1,185 50 1,103 1,077 10 1,084-50 $ cts. 112 50 SO 05 117 26 121 29 82 95 92 50 121 55 187 13 105 73 $ cts. 0 65 ii or, 0 65 • 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 $ cts. 964J41 974 53 1,039 06 647 71 986 16 1,137 14 1,200 02 1,093 75 1,203 55 9,40130 1,021 26 5 85 9,246 33 No. 2 W. < lata 0 55 1,385 10 98 37 0 65 671 89 Turner, C. C. & Co- •■ No. 4 Wheat. . 1 19 0 90 117i 1,095 1,042-30 1,084 151 11 143 87 143 59 ii ii:, 0 65 0 65 1,060 96 793 73 1,120 75 3,221 30 444 57 1 95 2.975 14 Tooke, R. J.— No. 2 W. Oats 0 66 1,72010 87 74 17 86 1,029 80 Temple, William- No. 2W. Oats 0 66 1,75126 89 34 18 17 1,048 65 Thompson, E. — 0 61 0 58 2,052 05 1,823 18 18 89 21 17 1,038 75 No 3 W Oats 1,230 63 3,875 23 40 06 2,269 38 Union (.Train Co. — No. 2 Wheat 1 064 1 HI 1,100-40 1,075 99 06 96 75 0 65 0 65 1,072 50 1,099 81 2,175 40 195 81 1 30 2,172 31 No. 2 W. Oats 0 65 1,947 32 119 22 0 65 1,146 36 Underwood, A. — No. 4 Wheat 1 123 52130 76 00 5 87 504 16 Vanclusen. Harrington Co. — No. 3 W. Oats 0 65 1,622 12 99 29 0 65 954 59 Western Elevator Co. — No. 1 Wheat No. 2 Wheat 1 11 1 18| 1 09 1 091 1 135 1 Hi 1 113 1 05| 1 04 1 08§ 1 18 1 23 1 23g 1 24J 0 97 0 97g 8,160 663 5,700 1,414 1,389 1,048 16,329 1,120 1,027 2,505 2,094 1,136 1,086 1,099 8,376 1,310 40 30 in in 20 tn 50 50 30 30 50 10 20 10 50 704 S3 52 29 526 50 127 32 108 37 114 99 2,081 00 107 60 80 15 195 39 252 27 170 53 163 00 104 9u 1,068 64 125 84 4 55 II 65 3 25 0 65 0 65 0 65 9 75 0 65 0 65 1 30 1 30 0 65 0 65 0 65 5 20 0 65 8,348 95 734 96 5,671 79 1,426 39 1,469 59 1,089 81 No. 3 Wheat... 14,728 94 1,077 03 987 80 2,524 35 2.217 14 1,227 12 1,179 77 1,199 00 7,051 01 1,156 48 r.4,4ii4 30 6,043 62 31 85 52,090 13 25e— Hi 164 CORRESPOXDEXCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Key to Statement No. 2. — Statement showing details of Grain purchased by C C. Castle, Purchasing Agent at Winnipeg, &c. — Continued. — Price Bushels. Freight. Sundries, Amount. Winnipeg Elevator Co. — No. 2 Wheat S cts. i 09J 1 11 1 15J 1 043 1 044, 1 05 1 09J 1 09* i io£ 1 loy 0 98 (i 98| . 1 02* 1,085-40 717-31 1,079* 1,287-30 1,068-4 1,306 721 21 1,051 a 1,045-41 1,344 30 1,009 21 l.nni :-.i 72730 S cts. 119 65 77 19 123 08 143 33 124 31 145 44 56 26 121 70 120 40 131 04 109 01 98 40 74 21 S cts. 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 ii 65 0 65 0 05 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 S cts, 1,072 57 71S 28 1,119 23 No. 3 Wheat 1,206 28 991 79 1.225 21 730 2:. 1.029 04 1.030 50 1,357 34 No. 4 Wheat 879 4'' 897 82 668 10 13,454 20 1,444 32 8 4.". 12,925 9o No. 2 W. Oats 0 65 1 17A 3,118 18 1,123 10 153 68 1 30 1,872 07 Wilson, Joseph — No. 4 Wheat 155 00 11 88 1,152 8.x Western Canada Flour Mills Co.— No. 1 Wheat 1 32* 1 194 1 04j 989 20 1,056 20 1,001-40 77 95 82 39 So 13 0 65 0 65 0 65 1,232 26 No. 2 Wheat No. 3 Wheat 1,175 31 962 20 3,047 20 240 47 1 95 3,309 77 0 65 No. 2 W. Oats 2,10914 100 40 0 65 1.270 07 Watson, James — No. 2 W. ( lata 0 66 2,009 hi 81 97 20 74 1.223 30 Waddell, Thos.— i No. 2 W. Oats 0 66 1,853 18 88 23 19 19 1,115 !U Wells, Colin- No. 2 W. Oats 0 66 1 20J 1 04* 1 14" 1 24*. 1,069 14 68 (Hi 11 31 626 18 Wheat City Flour Mills Co.— No. 2 Wheat 1,119 87 28 11 84 1,249 27 Young (J rain Co. — No. 2 Wheat 624 20 1.165 1,100 60 09 104 85 99 IKI 0 65 0 65 (i 65 591 7" 1.222 60 1,265 72 2,889 20 263 94 1 95 3 080 02 SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 165 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Statement No. 3. — Statement of sacks, twine and needles purchased by Mr. C. C. Castle, Purchasing Agent at Winnipeg in connection with Seed Grain Advances of 1908. Name of firm from whom purchased. No. of Wheat bags purchased. Net cost. No. of Oat bags purchased. Net cost. No. of Barley bags purchased. Net cost. 1908. Feb. 20 Bemis Eros 15,000 25,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10, OKI .•..iHiii 10,000 15, 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 $ cts. 1,306 80 2,178 00 871 20 1,306 80 1,742 40 435 60 435 60 435 60 435 60 435 60 871 20 435 60 871 20 1,306 80 871 20 435 60 435 60 435 60 * Cts. S cts. ..25 „ 27 .. 30,000 1,915 65 ., 29 Mch. 5 6 „ 7 .. 10 25,000 1,596 38 ., 10 „ 11 ,. 11 ii 13 „ 10 „ .. 20 ., 23 .. 24 ,. 20 .. „ 30 Apl. Hi Mch. 4 R. J. Wh ,i 12 .. 5 Nicholson ii ii Merrick, ., 21 May 9 Gartens, Feb. 25 Smart Ba, Mch. 13 1,000 68 31 itla & Co 30,000 35,000 65,000 65,013 2,967 03 3,461 54 5,985 20 5,953 57 20,01X1 31,000 499 35,000 16,000 1,358 28 2,105 34 129 74 2,356 20 1,077 12 Ltd r Co SO, 000 20,000 5,000 30,000 10,000 5,000 7,266 60 1,816 65 454 16 2,724 97 908 32 454 16 „ 16 ., 19 5,000 389 81 .. 19 n 21 5,000 5,000 336 60 336 60 ■i 23 n 24 10,000 5,000 908 32 454 16 ii 26 5,000 11,000 9,000 10,000 2,010 394 76 868 47 710 57 789 53 197 80 ,. 31 ,. 31 .. 31 .. 31 .. 31 ., 1,000 98 41 Apl. 3 6 5,000 5,000 394 70 394 76 m (i ,. 2,505 246 51 9 1,433 113 14 1,006 539,524 62 30 Total 49,007 90 216,942 15,144 01 5,000 389 81 166 CORRESPONDENCE AM) PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 No. of Sacks Net I si Wheat bags purchased., Oat bag- purchased Barley bags purchased. Storage of sacks Twine Needles . . Tees & Persse, to cancel contract Freight Less refunds Net expenditure. s eta. 539.524 49,007 90 216,942 15.144 01 5, 389 BJ 761,466 (54,541 72 722 71 1,242 93 40 71 25 60 1,308 <;<'. 67 ,S81 76 17 . 338 I.-, 50,543 71 Statement No. i. — Statement showing the net expenses in connection with the admin istration of Seed Grain Advance Account of 1908 to December 31st. Travelling expenses Living expenses. Salaries Stationery and printing . Advertising Furniture and fixtures. Rent Sundries Telegraph and telephones Kxpri-ss charges Expenses re sale of grain. Postage Excess postage Cartage Railway agents Total. Regina. 3 cts. 979 !M 91 17 S5 544 55 446 39 816 23 532 86 279 in 282 40 735 69 038 75 77 25 368 91 111 47 75 95 219 20 58,416 54 s cts, 6,702 3,687 9,739 1.710 191 506 784 191 1.616 399 77 1,074 111 75 3,219 Ottawa. 3II.HS.S 85 S cts. 599 80 2,407 31 2,078 25 80 795 on 298 44 6,205 62 Winnipeg. Edmonton S cts l,36o 40 6.2ns 79 1,570 64 4,611 39 26 45 405 ihi 1,016 40 1,951 06 335 69 155 60 17,731 42 3 cts. 2,317 "1 1,220 20 ISO 40 86 06 13 1" 48 '.hi 372 18 4 85 138 95 1,390 65 Note.— For detail- of expenses at Regina see Statement 4 A , Edmonton, 4 D. at Ottawa, 4 B : at Winnipeg, 4 C: at SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 167 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Statement No. 4a. — Details of Expenditure in connection with the Seed Grain Office at Regina. TRAVELLING EXPENSES OF EMPLOYEES OTHER THAN HOMESTEAD INSPECTORS. Particulars. Amount. Particulars. Amount. R. G. Evans, clerk G.E.Wilson „ S cts. 106 85 68 15 84 OS 104 15 1,910 60 25 40 5 75 93 10 184 15 5S 40 s 75 25 55 25 00 D. C. McNab, clerk E. H. Crockett ., . S cts. 26 70 53 05 5 00 W. C. Cowell 25 50 R. E. A. Leech, distributing agent. . . . J olin Ashby 5 85 7 40 B. P. O. Nare 12 75 R. A. Gibson 90 45 W. T. Rollins R. Ruttan 130 00 H. B. Hill 76 60 S. A. O'Hars J. C. Bolduc' 3,133 23 TRAVELLING EXPENSES-HOMESTEAD INSPECTORS. G. A. Bell 122 80 220 97 91 45 104 28 161 00 230 12 118 65 200 45 252 15 211 89 156 56 W. E. Gladstone. . . 134 55 D. McLeod 290 00 W. F. Nichol A. W. Brooke C. Sutton 241 90 J. T. Dodri 279 05 380 36 R. J. Pentland 91 97 D. J. McCarthy N. G. McCallum 161 15 73 00 F. J. Vollmer 38 20 Ed. Oliver A. McLeod 3,569 50 LIVING EXPENSES, &c, OF CLERKS. S. A. O'Hara . . J. P. Bolduc ... E. H. Crockett. . R. A. Gibson . . . D. C. McNab W. T. Rollins . . Miss M. Stewart G. E. Wilson ... 368 50 384 81 349 15 384 78 303 44 386 7S 344 50 375 31 J. C. Gariepy . M C. Sharkaye W. C. Cowell.. Geo. Stevenson A. W. Brooke . Meals for staff. 128 58 84 00 257 50 233 00 70 50 16 80 3,CS7 65 168 CORRESPOyDEyCE A.YD PAPERS SALARIES. 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Name. From W. J. Allison. . . . John Ashby \\". Broderick. . . . H. .1. Black G. T. Blown ('. M. Cumraing.. W. Campbell S. K. Dufi E. J. Daly L. W. E. Evans.. R, A. < libson H. B. Hill Mrs. M. Harris. F. t i. Haultain. F. W. Morton H. M. McCallum... H. McNally K. K. Patti Miss May Rattray . I>. >'. Rauiage J. H. Symons. Geo. \V. Smith .1. W. WUde. F. Woodrow. Feb. 21.... Aug. 13.... 25... Feb. 29.... 22.... April 11.... 24.... Mar. 10.... 24 p.m. 4-31. To 17p.m. 20p.m. 21 24 4. 14 .. Aug. 12.... . . Mar. 10. . . . Aug. 13.... 10... 18... Mar. 31, 24... April. May June, July .. Aug. 13... 25r.M. 11.. 24.. 13. Feb. 29. 29. 24... Mar. 18.... 15. . . . April 14. . . . -4-"- (less J day) „, July 20.... -1-- (less h day) 21 ... . Mar. 4-31 . 12 July 21.... (less h day) 24.... July 10. \Y. T. Rollins 9... \V. E. H. Stokes Night work K. Nichol Night work W. C. Betchen Night work H. C. Birnie Night work H. S. Blake Night work G. E. Burr Mar. 13.... P. Francombe Feb. 27 . . C. R. Kerr Mar. 14.. April 8... N. S Duff.... D. Mclntyre. C. S. Read... Miss 1'.. Smith \V. s. Thair Miss B. Grant Miss Ida M. Longmore. W. H. Munroe Miss R. S. Calvert II. B. Duff... Miss A. Rankin M iss M. B. Steimnous. . Miss Helen Marshall Miss G. McCourtie 3. C. Swift MissG. W Is.. i '. A. Baj m A. •!. Cracknel]. 8. 22. 15. 2. May 9. 7. 2?,. June 19. 12. 18. 1. 1. 1. 1. 9 May So. Mar. 9. J Aug. 18.... in February.. in February., in February., in February.. in February. . . Aug. 13..".. . June 30 Mar. 31 .. Aug. 13.... July 21... ' (less \ day) July "21 ... . ' (less A day) . June "30.... . Aug. 12.... . June 8. . . . . Aug. 13.... July 21.... ■ (less '. day) . July "14 . . . . Aug. 13 ... . Aug. 14.... Julj 24.... Aug. 13.... 15... July 21.... (less \ dav) July "31..".. June 23. . . . . Mar. 14.... Rate per Month. Amount. I' Feb. at 865 i I 878 $65 Feb. $65 Bal. .$75 $65 Feb. 865 Feb. 845 Bal. $50 Feb. S65 Bal. 875 S150 S75 875 875 *75 $75 875 S50 875 $50 850 S65 850 $65 Soil 850 850 $50 <;.•) $.50 $75 865 March 875 i Feb. $65 Bal. $75 I $65 Feb. $65 \ Bal. $75 I 865 Feb. $65 | Bal. $75 ) S200 $100 Feb. $.55 | March $60 / Feb. 865 i Bal. 875 I Feb. $65 | Bal. $75 / 875 $75 .-.;-, Fell. $45 Bal. $50 Feb. 865 Bal. 875 Feb. 865 Bal. $75 Feb. $65 March $75 j S cts., 428 86 Feb. 24 to 29 night duty 11 21 120 43 I April 1 to IS. I May 19 to 31. Part time only. I 34 42 80 07 113 02 50 64 352 89 34 30 424 3S 1,137 93 609 7S 162 5S 419 90 394 77 36 21 13 45 48 05 96 61 87 56 369 77 87 91 26o 16 352 15 1,095 72 7 50 8 SO s OO 7 30 7 50 376 21 285 63 Less S days. 41 13 Refund 82.42. 313 95 257 10 222 10 126 67 311 53 49 60 160 46 I April $72.58. I July less 8 days. 6 days night work. I Lt-ss \ day March. 1.4 days night work. Less 4h days March. Less 4 day in April. 126 85 42 58 133 43 55 54 76 23 70 97 74 19 42 98 37 10 62 34 11 53 $9,739 05 Less \ day. July 7 days. Less 71 (lays. 54 days SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c 169 Particulars. Printing and stationery — ' Leader ' Publishing Co., printing \V. M. Van Valkenburg, stationery, &c Canadian Drug and Book Co., stationery, etc Richardson Stationery Manufacturing Co., printing and binders. Department of Printing and Stationery, stationery and printing. Wilson Stationery Co., stationery, &c McCarthy Supply Co , cash box. ... . . H. Prizeman, stamp pad, &c Advertising — ' Leader' Publishing Co., sale of seed grain. Saskatoon ' Phoenix ' Furniture and fixtures — Wright Bros., desks and furniture Whiteford Bros. (Dept. Public Works), electric fixtures. Office Specialty Manufacturing Co., filing appliances. . . . R. J. Little, hat and coat rack Lrss — Sales of furniture. Rent of offices — F. M. Darke, rent from Feb. 15 to Sept. 15. Sundries — H. Prizeman, rubber stamps A. T. Brooke, rent of typewriter one month City of Regina, electric light Star Provision Co., soap, &c J. H. Wilde, caretaker and laundry R. H. Williams, towels for office Wilson Stationery Co., rent of typewriter M. Jakeman, scrubbing office Rent of post office box The Typewriter F.xchange. rent and repairs to typewriter. Anderson & Co., benzine J. (J. Nowlan, taking affidavits A. C. Michaelson, affidavit, seed grain lien F. M. Crapper, glass E. P. Fulton, taking affidavits Wright Bros., crating and packing furniture E. S. Duff, packing and moving furniture Rubber stamp Telegraph and telephone Receiver General. . . . C.P.R. Telegraph . Bell Telephone Co . . Express charges — Dominion Express Co ... Canadian Northern Railway Co. Express. Expenses re sale of grain — Alex. Mclvor, handling grain Western Canada Flour Co., re-piling wheat. John Gulloson, services as interpreter Amount. 472 08 112 90 78 30 31 50 070 54 43 75 1 CO 0 25 105 34 80 40 510 30 93 90 338 80 2 45 951 41 445 04 97 3 10 0 10 15 5 10 0 0 o 70 00 55 75 65 ml 00 30 75 25 25 50 50 50 50 30 64 29 1,240 46 312 20 293 42 106 35 40 00 1 25 36 00 Excess postage ' Cartage Railway agents fees on applications for grain (sec 4 em) Totals. 8 cts. 1,710 92 191 74 506 II 748 10 191 30 1,016 95 399 77 77 2o 1,074 36 111 47 75 95 3,219 20 30,088 85 170 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Statement No. 4aa. — Statement of Fees paid to tbe Railway Agents in the Provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan in connection with the Seed Grain Distribution, 1908. Date. Name. Station. Cheque Xo. Amount. 1908. Aug. 3.... ii 4 Nanton Walsh . 53 78 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 93 94 95 96 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 123 128 129 131 133 827 828 S29 830 S42 843 845 880 1,041 1.042 1,352 1,353 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 S eta li Elms Marshal] P. B. Spaikman 1). McNabb \V. L. Mac-Donald L. A. Walkley C W. McKinnon 3 50 10 50 5 „ 2 . . . 2 . Stavely Sedgevic-k Millet 4 50 3 75 13 7.". •> I.'.'.'. ii 2 Olds 24 25 1 50 61 25 2 \V. C. Donlevey 7 60 2.... 2.... 2 G. McMannus A. 6. Fox J W Webber Red Deer Penhold 26 75 3 75 35 75 2 .. Stettler 20 25 2 19 25 ■• 7. . . T. M. Ryan E. J. Taylor. E. Finkle 11 75 20 mi 1"" •■ 7 . . . . Didslmrv 3 50 28 75 17 75 2 on J. C. Pope 22 5(1 3 25 7.... J. H. Bovle A. Chard Grammi 1 25 22 00 7. . . 7 .. F. B. Hughes. . 23 25 8 00 7. .. W. Waterfield H. H. Hall [slay Alix Bawlf 24 on 6 50 G. D. MeLeod IS 50 7... Medicine Hat Uoydminster Edmonton 2 7 . . . 2 25 7... C. D. Strong 11 25 7 .. 74 75 in 9 25 10.... .. 14... T. .T. West 0 25 30 no 14.... 14 I,. C. Matthews 27 00 2 5n .. 24.... n 24 T. 1'. English - Calgary Lethbridge 11 00 1 75 25 9 75 .. 25... 2 (hi ■• 27 29 00 ii 27 .. A. G. Taylor . Blackfalds Taber Pincher. . . 2 00 „ 27.... Sept. 1.... 9 S. B. Mitchell W. A. Legauli G. W. Comer 3 25 1 25 30 75 .1 9 R. H. Christie Strathcona Innisfree ... 29 50 < >ct. 5 . . 14 7n 5.... Aug. 3.... ii 3 K. C. Barnwell 23 25 3 on H. M. Smith 18 25 3 1 75 3 39 75 3.... 3 (' UUuns Disley 10 50 8 IH. 3 23 75 3 B. S. Henderson R. B. Law 2s 25 3.... 2 25 SEED GRAIN IX SASKATCHEWAN \\l> ALBERTA SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c 171 Date. Name. Station. Cheque No. Amount. 1908. W. Whitemarsh Churchbridge Hi 11 12 13 11 15 16 17 18 1!) 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 2'j 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 40 47 48 49 50 51 52 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 27 25 3.. . 3 . Geo. J. GUI... K. I). Irlan.l 5 51 P 17 00 3.... Beinfait Battleford Balgonie 17 75 66 ini 3 ... 27 mi 3 .. 43 imi 3 . H. Evans. . 23 l»l 3.... 9 00 3.... 58 5n 3 .. 23 25 :: 8- C. Blair A. B. Stewart J. E. McFeteridge 42 511 9 50 ,. 3... Frobisher 29 75 3... 23 oil 3.... B. E. O'Toole 71 50 3.... Geo. A. Hall Rouleau 25 25 15 75 3.... D. Findlay W. Crosby 2 50 3.... 23 25 3... W. R. Russell 30 25 3.... H. E. Schwalm R. A. McLean J. G. MeRobie [nvermay 25 00 31 50 6 75 4 75 3.... W. V. Hessey J. C. Litster M. Jull 3 75 3.... 3 25 3. .. 39 25 3.... 44 25 3... G. M. Koss C. W. MeKellar 16 50 3 .. 24 25 3 . . 23 25 3.... 1'. W. Hern 9 25 3.... A. A. Hern .Tas. Fitzgerald W. C. Goudv Melfort . . 18 CO 3.... 3 .. Midale 15 00 17 00 3... Moose Jaw McLean . McTaggert 13 50 co« A. T. Trenough ('. M. Wheeler 13 00 15 25 3.... F. A. Smith F. T. Torrey W. D. Hughes :i 25 1 00 3.... 3.... 3.... 3 ... N. Battleford Oxbow Parkbeg Pilote Butte 13 00 14 50 9 5ii 2 75 14 00 3.... 2 -5 C. A. Edgley 1 75 3.... 3.... E. P. Benoit L. \V. Clark. 15 75 12 00 3 .. 3.... Quill Lake 25 00 1 00 3... 23 50 3.... 3.... ,, 3.... W. P. Rudkin Saltcoats Tyvan 97 50 12 00 30 75 3 . . . . 3.... H. W. Baldwin W. A. Sewell C. H. Henry Theodore 32 50 8 25 4.... Star City 17 25 4.... W. H. MoNally Sheho. . . 47 25 4.... ,i 4 G. M. Shaw Sedley 15 00 16 75 4.... 20 50 172 COSRESPOXDEXCE AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Date. Name. Station. Cheque No. Amount. 1908. Aug. 1.... 4 ... 4.... 4.... „ 4. . . . ii 5. . . . 4.... ii 7- . . ii 7. . . . ii 10.... 10... ii 10.... A. H. McLeod J as. J. Foster A. M. Heir. D. B. Hart D. A. Campbe 11 F. McQullin F. R. Law H. Casey 11. <;. Moffat W. R. Fowler F. W. Ingle Geo. T. Allen K. .1. Burdette S. R. McKce T. V. L. Dolian 76 77 79 81 82 92 '■'7 119 120 121 122 124 125 1211 127 130 132 825 S26 840 841 844 867 808 1,043 1.044 1,253 1,254 1,343 1,344 1,356 1,357 1,364 1,363 1.3112 1,365 1,370 25 ."hi I'arlyle Buchanan Whitewood. i; -'hi is 71 25 mi 25 3 50 16 00 13 75 25 50 17 7.". »" 75 36 25 21 50 4 7."' i. 10.... 56 On „ 10.... „ 10.. . i. 10.. . Hague ii 25 0 25 0 75 .. 14... 14.... ., 24.... ii 24.... Togo Suitr Current. . . 5 00 25 25 36 25 53 25 .. 27 ... .1 27.... C. Watkin C. A. Baker .1. C. Cobb E. McColl S. J. Morrisson > C. E. Jestly C. A. Arnold G. T. Goulding 13 00 31 25 .. 27 . . . 32 00 Sept. 1.... 1.... 9 .. 9.... " 16.... i, 16.... Oct. 1 ... 2 .. Asquitb Wilci ix Earl ( I rev Stoughton Rouleau Siimmerberry 57 50 16 25 - 75 II 25 19 :, 26 75 6.... CarnrlufE 3 75 40 ml 6.... Bethune Lumsden .... Osage, account per distri- 8 25 ., 12.... „ 13.... C. F. Thomas V. L. Marshall 15 50 12 25 L. J. Kelly 2 00 Osage, account per distri- •T. B. Ross 12 mi Lashburn, assistance .. . . Total 2 i 3,219 20 SEED GRAIN TN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 173 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c STATEMENT No. 1 "B." Details of Expenditure in Connection with the Seed Grain Office at Ottawa. * Particulars. Amount. Travelling Exm uses — U W. W Corv Geo. D. Pope $ Cts. 414 80 185 00 $ Cts. 599 so Salaries — 287 31 281 44 264 52 294 21 194 42 191 61 184 00 166 00 149 98 130 36 87 68 75 48 56 44 35 48 5 38 T. T. 'Sinvthe, from May 26 to Aug. 31 to July 31, $75. Bal. $100. . . I. Lafrance, from Feb. 5 to Aug. 31 to July 31, $501 1 per yr. Bal. $600 R. A. Gibson, from Aug. 1 to Sept. 2 at SI. 900 per vr A. P. Capreol, from May 28 to Aug. 31, at $41.66 per in. .nth Miss J. M. McCormick, from July 21 to Aug. 31, at 841.611 per month H. B. Hill, from Aug. 21 to Aug. "31, at $100 per month 2,407 31 Stationer// and Printing — 1,429 50 649 27 Dept. of Public Printing 2,078 77 Telegraph and Telephone— C.P.R. Telegraph 539 44 162 45 93 61 G.N. W. Telegraph Co 795 50 298 44 Express Cliarges — Sundries — 4 75 1 50 19 55 25 80 6,205 62 174 COBItEtPOXDEXCE AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 STATEMENT No. 4 " C." Details of Expenditure in Connection with Seed Grain Office at Winnipeg. Particulars. Travi Hi aii Expenses — C. H". Beddoe .... ('. C. Castle I). Manson Salaries— R. J. Howden, from Apr. 1 to July 31. Apr. $200, bal. 8250 F. .1 . Mathew, from Feb. 11 to Sept. 15, at $125 per month I >. Manson, from Feb. 17 to Sept. 30, at $100 per month C. B. Piper, from Feb. 8 to July 15, at $125 per month W. D. Drummond, from Feb. 17 to July 31, Feb. $65, bal. $80 P. J. O'Dwver, from Feb. 13 to July 31, at ¥75 per month .1. A. Wilson, from March 18 to July If.. March. April and May. at -875 per month, bal. 8100, 45 hrs. overtime at 40c an hr Laura E. Smith, from Feb. 18 to Aug. 6, to May $155 per month, bal. -$65. . . G. Ringwood, from Feb. 10 to July 31, Feb. 850, bal. $60 E. Stanley Forbes, from May 1 to July 18, May $80, bal. $100 per month.. . . M. Robinson, from Feb. 13 to Apr. 30, at $80 per month H. E. Kirk, from Apr. 15 to June 10. at ¥110 per month 1'. Laker, from March 1 to July 25, Mar. 830, Apr. 835, bal. 840 per month. J. Spence, from Feb. 21, to May 10. at $50 per month ... \V. K. Johnson, from Mar. 1 to Apr. 22, at 865 per month Ruth Wallace, from June 16 to July 1."., at $55 per month Hairy Tront, from Mar. 5 to Mar 18 inclusive, at 855 per month C. Struthers, 4 days Ulric Hambly, 3 days Stationery and Printing — Free Press Job Dept., printing, &c Amalgamated Pre-.s Printing and Stationery. . I >ept. oi Printing and Stationery. 6,000 books. Richardson Stat'y- & Mfg. Co , printing .. . Richardson & Bishop Wil~i.ii Stationery Co., stationery. &c. Office Specialty Mfg. Co., folders, guides, &c. Lampman Beamish Co., books ... J. H. Ashdown Co., cash box Russell Lang ,t' Co., stationery Bulleman Bros. , rebindiug books Books Adii Hising— (Se.- List). Xo. 4 cc. Furnitun ami Fixtures— John Leslie Less sale of furniture. Rent of Offices— . Martin, Bole & Wynne Co., rent from Feb. to Sept la, at $< o per month W. J. Ashby, rent of office in Brandon, 1 month Telegrayh and Telephones — C. P. R. Telegraph Manitoba Government Telephones G.N.W. Telegraph C.N.R. Telegraph.. .las. Richardson & Sons -• Geo. Hill Am. unit. $ ctS. 834 20 4.S5 25 40 95 •i: i s'.!4 40 744 83 564 65 429 14 418 97 353 48 3*0 76 :«4 48 2y.8 06 206 '.in 205 34 177 25 140 52 112 07 55 00 24 84 10 00 7 50 442 00 376 20 241 99 207 50 170 45 54 95 (6 5(1 22 50 3 00 2 80 2 00 0 75 62 70 36 25 489 00 6 00 1,743 22 93 85 35 73 34 12 42 79 1 35 8 cts. 1,360 40 0.208 79 1.570 64 4,611 :::i 20 45 495 oo 1,951 06 SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBl.iri \ SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c 175 STATEMENT No. 4 "C." Details of Expenditure in Connection with Seed Grain Office at Winnipeg-— Continued. Particulars. Sundries — Hudson, Howell, Ormond & Marlett legal services E. Turner, cleaning offices $87.50, packing cases $6 C. Haraill, livery 12 days at $4, 12 days at $3 Canadian Fairbanks Co., grain testers' scales, etc Manitoba Stencil and Stamp Works, rubber stamps and stencils. Win. Ridgeshaw, livery 18 days at $3 Winnipeg Klectric Street Ry., electric light ii ii " car tickets. ... Geo. Hill, coal oil, &c, cartage and expenses Remington Typewriter Co., rent and repairs of typewriters C.P.R., freight on 8 cases to Ottawa J. \V. Forbes, street car tickets $16, cartage $1 C. C. Castle, 5 sacks Eng. oats n 5 bus. Eng. oats at 85c J. H. Ashdown, Hardware Co., hardware Baker & Gregg, rent and repairs of typewriter C. N. Bell, arbitration fee* Sutton's Express, delivering, &c Rent of P.O. Box Sundries F. L. Kenny, sign cards Dominion Elv. Co. Com. Option account. ., H. G. Middleton, empty cases N.W. Grain Dealers Calculator Messenger Service Chas. Danderault, cleaning seed oats Jas. Cuddy, street car and toll exp C. C. Castle, balance Express Charges — Dominion Express Co Canadian Northern Express Postage Stamps Amount. S cts. 321 93 84 G7 63 54 42 30 39 35 31 17 17 6 15 15 14 8 4 4 4 1 1 1 0 3 11 27 332 3 $ cts. 1,016 40 335 69 155 60 17,731 42 176 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 - CEM km No. 4 CC— Details of Advertising at Seed Grain Office, Winnipeg. Name of Paper. Place of Publication. 1 Sale of Amount. Seed I i rain. Manitoba ' Free Prnsa '. 'Telegram ' Publishing Co ' Tribune ' Publishing Co 'Albertau' Publishing Co ' Phoenix ' 'Bulletin1 Co ' Farmei s Advocate 'Leader' Publishing Co...' ' Northwest Farmer ' Alberta ' Herald ' 'Nordwesten' Publishing Co ' Journal 'Co ' Herald ' Publishing Co 'Glob.-' Printing Co Calgary 'News' ' Courier de la D'< )uest Calgary 'Albertan'.. . 'Advocate ' Publishing Co Moosejaw 'Times' ,.'■>',' Saskatchewan 'Courier' Publishing Co 'Western Home Monthly' ' Amalgamated Press' Red Deer ' News' ' Daily News ' .... Edmonton ' News'. Alberta ' Homstead ' Innisfail ' Lance " St. Albert 'Gazette' Innisfail ' Province ' Tofield 'Standard' ' Representative ' Ponoka ' Herald ' ' Farm and Ranch Review ' Vermillion 'Signal ' Didsbury ' Review'. Lacombe ' Advertiser '. . . Calgary ' Herald ' Nanton ' News ' Stratheona ' Plain Dealer' Lethbridge ' Herald ' Western PublishingCo High River ' Times ' Okotoks ' Review ' Camrose ' Mail' ' Eye Oiiener ' Bawli 'Sun' Stettler ' Independent ' Macleod 'Advance'. 'The Times' Winnipeg. Man. Calgary. Alta Saskatoon, Sask Edmonton, Alta. . . Winnipeg, Man. . . . Regina, Sask Winnipeg, Man Edmonton, Alta Winnipeg, Man. ... Edmonton, Alta.. Calgary, Alta Toronto, Out Calgary. Alta Edmonton, Alta . . Calgary, Alta Prince Albert. Sask Moosejaw, Sask .... Regina. Sask Winnipeg, Man. . . . Winnipeg, Man . . . Red Deer, Alta Calgary, Alta Edmonton, Alta. . . . Edmonton, Alta. . . . Innisfail, Alta St. Alb.rt. Alta Innisfail, Alta Tofield, Alta Li due, Alta Ponoka, Alta Calgary. Alta Vermillion, Alta. . . . 1 ridsbury, Alta Lacombe, Alta Calgary, Alta Nanton, Alta Stiathcona, Alta . Lethbridge, Alta . . Brandon, Mar. High River, Alta . Okotoks, Alta Camrose, Alta .... Calgary, Alta ... . Bawlf, Alta Stettler, Alta Macleod, Alta Medicine Hat, Alta Lacombe, Alta ' Western Globe ' ■• Western I lanada Publishing Co Winnipeg, Ma Claresholm ' Review ' Claresholm, Alta. . . . Taber ' Free Pies.- ' Taber, Alta, , . . . . Pincher Creek ' Echo' Pmcher Creek Alta. Vegreville ' Observer' VegreviUe, Alta. . . . 1 (aysland ' Press ' Daysland. Alto ... Wetaskiwin 'Herald' ^ete .mA a Ft Saskatchewan ' Reporter' J.tbj,lk^ ah"' Strathcono 'Chronicle' ' Chronicle ' Publishing Co Olds 'Gazette' Carstairs ' Journal' Llovdminster 'Times' \ i .- ' Publishing Co $ ets. S ets. Strathcona, Alta . Macleod Olds, Alta Carstairs, Alta. . . . Lloydmii.ster. Sask Winnipeg, Man . . Total. 792 13 697 i"1 1166 35 418 96 332 1G 231 71 173 60 186 09 141 12 51 00 49 84 81 84 87 68 84 iki 53 20 51 7' i 44 08 43 50 38 00 30 19 20 on 18 00 16 80 16 12 13 42 13 42 13 00 12 60 12 60 11 40 10 80 In 50 10 50 In 4ii 10 20 10 00 9 80 9 80 9 15 8 75 8 00 8 00 7 IKI 6 75 6 IKI 5 85 5 30 5 25 5 25 5 25 no ss 50 no 50 00 3 00 ■_' so 2 so 2 50 2 25 2 lo 2 (Kl 5 iki 4,S IKI 34 80 37 36 2 (K I 18 15 18 nu 16 80 13 42 13 42 13 (Kl 12 6o 12 60 11 40 in su Hi 50 10 50 Hi 4ii in 20 1 9 80 9 80 9 15 8 75 8 IKI 8 IKI 7 llll 6 75 II IKI 5 85 5 30 5 25 5 25 5 25 5 iki 4 88 4 50 4 IKI 3 50 3 00 :; iki 2 80 2 80 2 50 2 25 2 10 2 IKI 5 IKI 1,805 07 Tenders for Sacks, &c. 30 on 43 50 36 iki 12 04 20 00 s ets si 37 95 50 78 In •Jo so 16 iki 28 59 11 76 21 04 54 00 Hi 12 2,383 04 423 28 SEED GRAIX IN SASKATCHEWAN' AXD ALBERTA 177 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Statement No. 4d. — Details of Expenditure in connection with the Seed Grain Office « at Edmonton. Particulars. Amount. Totals. Travelling Expenses— Homestead Inspectors - S cts. 359 33 266 90 234 46 229 24 218 04 182 45 163 4.", 126 56 114 38 74 70 $ cts. tan Homestead Inspectors— 1,969 56 Travelling Expenses other tl 272 65 41 15 17 90 10 00 5 T.i 347 4 Living Expenses — 373 50 337 95 263 75 243 25 1 75 55 20 42 00 38 00 26 <"> 22 00 6 20 56 "1 8 00 22 05 S 00 5 10 Salaries — 1,220 20 Printing and Stationery — Deputy Minister of Agi 'Bulletin' Co 189 40 Advertising — , ' Le Courier de I'< luest, 86 06 13 10 Telegraph and Telephone — 269 09 12 17 48 45 4'J 47 C.N.R. Telegraph. . S72 is Sundries — 33 00 14 00 1 25 0 35 0 15 0 15 48 90 4 85 138 95 4,390 05 25o—12 178 CORRESPOy'DEXCE AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Statement Xo. 5. — Statement of Fees paid to the Secretary Treasurers of the Local Improvement Districts in connection with Seed Grain Applications, 1908. .a Name of Secretary Treasurer. Local Improvement District. i. < . * - : Ti .tal Amount [laid. -8 ~ - - g,Js 45 D -_E - ---. | IIS O 0 z Z L" - Z - - z 4 27 11 1 2 10 23 21 11 23 3 2 17 26 8 17 1 10 21 22 26 21 11 17 17 1' M 9 26 22 12 23 5 25 25 15 IS 13 21 19 12 11 8 8 8 8 IS 11 4 8 8 4 3 6 20 24 7 22 16 11 11 12 27 S 4 1' 2 C 2 B 1 A 2 S 4 M 2 B 2 M 4 A 2 C '_' D 2 J 4 T 4 B 2 D 2 C 2 K :: S i S 4 X 2 B 2 .1 2 J 2 Arbury. S 2 C 4 X 4 11 2 T 4 P 2 S 4 S 4 R 2 S 4 H 2 A 5 X 2 R 2 (' 2 E 2 H 2 H 2 H 2 A 3 R 2 B 1 H 3 H 3 E 2 M 2 .r 2 B 5 H 4 C 2 S 4 R 2 S 2 S 2 M 2 X 4 29 36 22 7 55 73 60 30 32 32 85 81 31 4 121 56 75 7 9 61 24 31 48 2 20 3 204 31 64 14 18 66 2 36 21 59 5 74 is 112 6 47 3 ■"i 42 10 22 28 6 32 27 32 28 9 40 43 28 17 3 137 3 8 cts. 7 25 'J 00 5 50 1 75 13 75 18 25 15 00 7 50 8 00 8 00 21 25 20 25 7 75 1 00 30 25 14 no 18 75 1 75 2 25 15 25 6 00 7 75 12 Oil 0 50 5 00 o 75 51 00 7 75 16 00 3 50 4 .50 16 50 0 50 !l oo .5 25 14 75 1 25 18 50 4 50 28 00 1 50 11 75 0 75 1 25 10 50 2 50 5 50 7 00 1 .50 8 00 6 75 S 00 7 00 2 25 10 00 lo 75 7 00 4 25 0 75 34 25 0 75 S cts. 7 IHI A cts. .$ cts. 0 25 4 75 4 50 12 75 4 2.5 fi Geo. S. Robinson E. 1 75 ?r .. (add. cheque) J. G. O. Adam 26 '">7 0 25 5 00 "s 6 25 7 00 0 25 0 50 °9 E. Covey 44 75 so 0 75 31 S 511 ' n'56' 7 50 32 33 34 Lewis P. Larson J. W. Kinkade O. P. Klein 2 50 16 00 0 25 1 00 4 o0 0 50 34 0 50 11 25 35 8 50 Sfi 0 50 i 66 4 75 37 3S E. A. Shirtcliff 3 25 11 50 0 25 39 0 75 1 75 18 75 1 50 8 25 0 75 1 00 4 75 0 50 4 75 17 75 40 2 75 41 M. X. Carr :i 25 1° 43 :; 50 13 .. (add. cheque) F. B. Carlton \V. H. Close 43 11 25 It 5 75 45 2 00 4fi A. M. Stephen 0 75 4V 7 00 17 (add. cheque) R. F. Coleman E. X French 1 50 IS 0 25 1 00 7 00 1 75 11 5 75 50 1 01) 51 3 50 0 25 3 50 -•> Daniel T. Greene 2 00 53 s O.I 1 no 2 no ">4 T. W. Hutchinson 10 00 0 75 G 00 Sfi 4 25 H (add. cheque) 0 75 10 25 24 00 0 75 SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 179 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Statement No. 5. — Statement of Fees paid to the Secretary Treasurers of the Local Improvement Districts, Ac. — Continued. — g SB Xame of Secretary Treasurer. Local Improvement District. < 14 Total Amount paid. Chargeable t o Alberta Gov- ernment. Chargeable t o Saskatchewan Government. Chargeable t o Domi n ion Government. li-« Henry Trenhaile R. H. Yeo 28 26 18 4 21 11 5 10 13 11 18 18 22 22 3 « 12 12 18 2 25 20 12 27 14 17 20 16 17 21 lo 25 16 1 1 5 5 25 8 17 17 6 4 15 22 18 28 25 29 8 1 28 23 23 21 11 22 21 10 3 11 24 23 T M J A S M N A J A R H N N N J W B E H T W M N M T D H W D A M A B B B T T S S B N A J J S w R A B R N J M B A P B D C N N 4 4 2 2 4 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 1 1 1 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 3 4 1 2 4 3 4 4 1 5 2 2 2 3 4 4 31 13 78 32 46 30 21 39 104 88 28 73 29 0 24 60 . 23 12 110 10 4 4 26 80 72 6 31 44 5 21 65 13 22 12 19 8 92 6 48 8 10 18 49 32 7 4 87 2 10 22 20 29 20 28 43 12 8 22 34 10 50 31 $ cts. 7 75 3 25 19 50 8 00 11 50 7 50 5 25 9 75 26 'in 22 00 7 00 17 25 7 25 1 50 Ii 00 15 00 5 75 3 00 27 50 2 50 1 00 1 00 i; :>ii 20 00 18 00 1 50 7 75 11 00 1 25 5 25 16 25 3 25 5 50 3 00 4 75 L> 00 23 00 1 50 12 00 2 00 2 50 4 50 12 25 8 oo 1 75 1 00 21 75 0 5o 2 50 5 50 5 00 7 25 5 00 7 00 10 75 3 00 2 00 5 50 8 50 2 50 12 50 7 75 % cts. 7 25 3 00 $ cts. ••? cts. 0 50 63 0 25 fM 3 75 7 25 15 75 65 E. X. Maltby W. W. Batson F. S. Proctor 0 75 67 9 50 2 00 H8 6 50 1 00 9 25 g 50 19 75 4 50 4 25 3 75 1 25 0 50 8 25 2 75 0 75 18 50 1 00 69 D. J. Low Wm. H. Wilkins 4 25 70 0 50 71 19 50 19: 2 25 73 2 50 74 J. E. Anderson . . . 13 00 3 50 75 76 ii (add. cheque).. . . John Carse .... A. H. Birch R. Manle . . .«. 0 25 5 50 6 75 78 3 00 7f) 2 25 80 D. W. Patten 9 00 81 0 75 1 00 1 00 6 00 1 75 8'? 83 84 0 50 xj 0 75 4 III! 0 75 1 00 3 00 0 50 5 00 19 25 86 87 J. F. Burnett 14 00 0 75 88 6 75 S3 101 0 50 1 75 lni; 1 00 in" E. C. Williamson 11 25 lo 50 1(18 0 25 0 25 109 R. Cail. 2 00 4 25 0 50 110 1 25 111 C. S. Godbout F. W. Tobey . . 4 75 0 25 113 2 75 4 50 113 W. Buzicka.. . 2 00 1 00 0 75 3 00 114 6 00 115 7 75 3 00 118 H. B Shively.. 2 25 117 T. N. Irvine. 0 75 4 50 6 50 1 25 118 John H. Ridall. 1 00 119 M. Murphy . T. W. Hood 2 00 120 2 50 121 8 25 6 50 4 25 122 0. E. Olesburg 1 25 L'OC- 124 180 CORRESPOXDEXCE AXD PAPERS Statement No. 5.- 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909- -Statement of Fees paid to the Secretary Treasurers of the Local Districts, &c. — Continued. u — g Z 123 Name oi Secretary Treasurer. Local Improvement District. < ' o s'-i f.1 y. Total Amount Paid. Chargeable to Alberta Gov- ernment. l| !■§! £"! a r. -y - - Q . -- 1 li'Z ~ i — '" 12 Z 14 W 17 W 14 A 3 D 6 M 6 M 14 M • 2 B 11 H 1 2 4 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 8 66 44 52 23 23 7 12 66 37 123 8 35 34 19 55 69 58 150 54 13 7 80 10 43 47 42 23 28 42 48 9 49 19 43 22 11 20 20 30 57 11 15 15 51 10 24 64 2 9 25 51 14 74 62 9 98 12 6 40 75 22 8 cts. 2 Oil Hi 50 11 00 13 00 5 75 5 75 1 7.". 3 00 16 50 9 25 30 75 2 00 8 75 s ;,ii 4 75 13 75 17 25 14 50 37 5o 13 50 3 25 1 75 2 i 2 50 lu 75 11 75 10 50 5 75 7 00 10 50 12 00 2 25 12 25 4 75 10 75 5 50 2 75 5 00 5 00 7 50 14 25 2 75 3 75 3 75 12 75 2 50 6 00 16 00 0 50 2 25 6 25 12 75 3 50 18 50 15 50 2 25 24 50 3 00 1 50 10 00 18 75 5 5ll > cts. 2 no $ cts. s -. 124 I. A. Weir 7 25 i IWi 9 00 2 00 1flfi (4. M. Muir 8 50 5 00 5 00 1 50 4 50 127 I. H. Lackey .1. I. Nichol 0 75 128 0 75 128 (supplementary) n 2E 3 00 130 D. McKnight 16 00 s :,n 29 00 1 75 4 25 2 25 0 5n 181 J. C. Starr 0 75 is-' 1 75 133 8 B 5 A 11 Z 24 J 7 E 6 E 3 B 13 A 24 S 11 A 19 M 18 1' 20 W 14 P 3 C 12 r> 20 P 10 A 22 W 17 Q 15 1) 13 P 26 R 25 C 15 J 23 P 8 C 19 H 25 R 5 E 10 A 11 E 6 li 14 B 29 A 14 .1 3 A 20 S 2 M 16 C 17 A 24 R 26 A 10 B 10 B 12 C 21 R 10 T 18 T is W 24 T 1 1 2 4 2 . 2 1 1 3 3 4 2 4 2 2 2 3 3 4 2 3 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 5 2 1 1 5 2 1 4 2 2 1 4 4 2 2 2 4 4 2 4 4 0 25 l.r.4 4 50 135 li 25 136 U 25 4 50 137 M. \V. MoLeod 10 00 9 50 12 on 23 50 1 on 0 25 5 75 3 75 138 J. H. Lane 7 75 139 •■ 2 50 140 14 00 141 A. ( '. Elliot 12 50 14" 3 00 143 Hugh Fulton 1 75 144 Phillip J. Hoffman 14 25 14.", 2 .--i 146 Geo. Milne 1" 7" 147 A. C. Moynes 11 25 s 50 0 50 14S 149 John J. Ellingson N. B. McKenn 2 00 150 J. A. Clarke 0 25 7 50 0 50 1 50 1 25 3 50 6 75 4 2:,' 0 25 152 E. R. Olmstead. . . 3 00 154 155 K. McLeod . . . 11 50 0 7:, 156 11 00 157 1 25 IDS 159 P. H. W. Service P. W. Cessraa 8 75 2 li" 4 75 100 161 2 75 1, 75 162 4 75 168 3 25 1 25 164 W. C. Carrothers 12 25 2 (»■ 165 T. McKee C. T. Willis 2 25 0 -, 166 3 75 3 25 2 00 167 11 50 168 W. H. C. Saunderson 10 75 169 John G. Stan: per John McKenney 1 00 1 5li 170 0 25 13 50 171 R. White 2 5( 172 P. Russell 0 50 173 W. A. Smith 0 25 3 00 6 75 2 00 174 3 25 175 E. Challen Clark John Campbell 6 00 176 3 25 3 00 n ■'" 177 12 75 2 25 21 50 15 50 178 ■i (add. cheque) 2 7-- 178 179 ISO "2 75 0 25 181 F. E. Rhodes 1 5 182 183 Herman .1. Michels 1:, 75 3 75 3 00 7 00 3 00 184 .S. L. Price . 1 75 SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 181 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Statement No. 5. — Statement of Fees paid to the Secretary Treasurers of the Local Improvement Districts, l> N B B M 11 E I H H A E P B N II A T II A M u n. Indian Head 19 3 9 2ii 8 17 14 12 9 16 8 2 14 6 16 11 26 10 17 17 20 20 24 8 5 6 4 12 14 14 13 13 10 13 11 7 17 17 15 10 17 6 9 7 12 21 16 13 3 — 13 12 26 26 24 10 16 24 24 W C D D P R J T T Total Amount paid. 13 105 49 31 13 17 69 8 18 2 41 20 3 4 8 66 52 27 5 13 9 13 20 34 75 53 32 27 6 3 27 1 40 14 19 1 9 7.8 21 15 15 8 25 39 7 35 45 77 16 42 17 17 5 15 52 8 14 4 13 40 17 S cts, 3 25 26 25 12 25 7 75 3 25 4 25 17 25 2 00 4 50 0 50 10 2.-. 5 00 0 75 1 00 2 00 16 50 13 00 6 75 1 25 3 2 3 5 8 18 25 2:. 25 00 50 75 13 25 8 00 6 75 1 50 0 75 6 75 0 25 10 00 3 50 4 75 0 25 2 25 14 50 5 25 3 75 3 75 2 00 6 25 9 75 1 75 8 75 12 00 19 25 4 00 10 50 4 25 4 25 1 25 3 75 13 00 2 00 3 50 ] 00 3 25 10 00 4 25 - — J = £< - O .$ cts. 3 75 0 25 0 75 2 25 100 c c . ** * ? - » ScoC o 1 75 1 25 0 75 3 50 1 25 0 75 325 $ cts, 1 50 24 50 6 25 2 50 2o6 8 25 2 75 0 25 0 50 14 00 2 25 2 25 0 75 2 50 13 25 7 50 7 50 2 75 0 25 4 25 0 25 9 00 1 50 0 Mi 5 75 3 50 2 00 1 25 3 75 3 00 S 50 9 25 17 75 3 75 1 25 3 75 1 00 1 00 4 00 1 75 • - o a> a g 3"~ - - B '- 4) " > L'i - 182 CORRESPONDENCE ASD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Statement No. 5. — Statement of Fees paid to the Secretary Treasurers of the Local Improvement Districts, &c, — Continued. No. 253 255 256 257 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 263 264 264 265 266 267 269 270 271 272 274 274 275 276 277 278 281 283 284 284 287 288 289 290 291 293 294 295 296 296 297 298 300 301 302 302 303 304 305 307 30S 308 309 310 311 312 313 316 318 319 353 Name of Secretary Treasurer. Local Improvement District. (iu- Gabert M. Gabora John Furber Alfred M. Flower ii (add. cheque). H. Turner . H. T. Thome W. M. Thompson Wm. F. Tail Hemming Suva James B. Swallow (add. cheque). G. A. Sylte ,. (add. cheque) I'. X. Struely Horace Styne A vton Safford S. W. Smith Thomas Smith R. R. Smith L. D- Sparling; W. C. Stewart (add. cheque) . . . XI. J. Stephenson F. X. Spencer •Tames Russell A. L. Rowan L. H. Reeves Kenneth A. Price., W. H. Pearson (add. cheque). . . George Nickel •I no. 'A". Xelson John L. Munson IP. J. Mullen L>. Mitchell W. A. Mann Thos. W. Magrath J. B. Lupton R. J. Latta i. (add. cheque) A. R. Lecky J. B. Leightner R. H. Longmore Wm. McBrien Allan McBurney ii (add. cheque). . O. K. McKliiinev T. H. McGregor J. ( i. McGregor John Zurowski P. Yetnens ■I (add. cheque) (George Wortley J. T. Wright. ' H.J. DeWinton .1. W. Wilcox Geo. Wilson A. Westman Thoe. Waterfield Alex. Weinmeister A. ( lowan 11 15 21 is is 11 6 11 J B B V E E 0 A J B 16 E 13 C 13 6 0 19 6 6 20 12 1 4 4 15 2 14 11 15 3 19 15 17 3 13 14 12 A 15 C 1 P • 1 H 0 H 21 P 12 J Hi P In E 16 N i B 211 11 '31 II 22 B A A S J A B D 14 R 14 R 11 W 17 X E A P P B A is w 12 X D D P H E D R E B A B - < n = - 2 Total Amount paid. : = — 5 = 30g it* - 1 - «_2 § 5>v > s< i o O : - . " O B 62 186 16 19 31 7.4 9 22 54 24 15 27 1 7 20 26 16 17 •"'7 In 4 in 11 3 3 14 33 7 31 2 15 1 73 33 46 7> 26 2 74 25 6 16 48 7:; 15 .31 1 14 13 39 65 43 25 28 4 27» 98 11 91 91 4 S rts. 15 50 46 50 4 00 4 7"i 7 75 13 .50 2 25 5 50 13 7-i 6 00 3 75 6 75 0 25 1 75 5 1)0 6 50 4 00 4 27. 14 25 2 "in 1 IHI 2 50 2 75 " 77. 0 75 3 7.ii s 25 1 75 7 75 0 50 3 75 ii 25 18 25 8 25 11 50 1 25 6 50 0 50 is 50 6 25 1 50 4 00 12 i«> 18 25 :> 77. 7 75 I' 27. 3 50 3 25 1 75 9 75 16 27. 10 75 6 25 7 00 1 00 6 25 24 50 2 75 22 75 22 77 1 00 $ cts. 2 75 ■* cts. 15 00 ■■:■> 25 1 Oil 0 50 0 75 11 75 1 75 7, 00 12 00 2 mi 3 50 5 75 (' 27. 1 00 2 00 2 00 :: 50 10 7.11 l. 7iii 1 Oil 2 50 2 no 3 IHI 8 25 0 25 17 50 111 mi 2 25 II 7.0 6 00 0 50 12 00 1 50 n 25 II 7.ii 1 CO in 77. 3 75 2 7.ii 2 75 3 75 12 75 i; 5ii 5 25 0 25 4 On 1 50 2 75 ■•n 75 I 00 S cts. .. 7.H 3 mi 4 25 7 HO 1 77. I' 7i' ii 50 1 on 4 On n 25 1 mi n 75 3 hi 1 -Mi 0 50 1 5n 3 75 2 nn 0 75 n 75 n 75 0 7.(1 1 75 ii 50 3 75 Ii 77. (1 nn 1 7.n 0 75 0 50 6 50 4 75 i 25 3 7.n 11 00 7 5n 1 !■> ii 25 I on 0 7.n 1 75 6 00 3 5u 4 25 6 2.". 1 7". 0 77. 2 25 2:< nn 2 mi 7 "" SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 183 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Statement No. 5. — Statement of Fees paid to the Secretary Treasurers of the Local Improvement Districts, &c. — Continudd. Name of Secretary Treasurer. R. F. Blair E. H. Malcolm D. M. Nurthcott Percy Alger George A. Logan F. W. Ferguson. John M. Belway Martin Potter A. E. Trussler. . . . H. G. Graham (add. cheque). I). Sullivan I. (add. cheque) Paul Brodessen A. Sim .lames Kinley L. J. Rowe George L. Rutherford T. J. Davidson .. (add. cheque). . Archie Brown Win. Houston M. L. Boyle W. Caspell G. B. Hunter M. McLean F. R. Pike A. M. McNaughton John McAlpine Colin Thompson Walter B. Smitli Arthur Wheeler G. H. M. Rumball James T. Cooper G. D. Fitzgerald J. C. Carritt Leeson Kidd \V. A. Day ii (add. cheque) Wm. Dakin E. A. Hayes C. H. Coyne W. H. Johnson A. T. Carrland H. Mcintosh John C. Ash R. H. Burn M. P. Shantz G. T, Dakes M (add. cheque) II. Hill Wilson F. \V. Woodward A. Wilson A. Lawrence D. J. Haight E. llinglev J . F. Gamble George Taylor, jr Tver Nesham Asa Lobb .1. S. Forsyth Dennis Duffy.. Local Improvement District. 27 B 22 J 16 F 10 W 10 T 12 19 23 is 18 21 20 19 20 19 19 21 17 11 9 15 1G 16 17 16 15 11 9 20 16 16 21 21 17 22 22 22 21 A B K 22 H 22 H 21 W J J A A H B A tt B 16 W 9 A A T A B T A \Y D A 15 H 4 T 1 T 5 B Z H P r T S A A T 10 19 21 21 5 17 4 15 IS 18 '1' in W 22 M J N R D II S r R A 5~ 8 23 R 2 51 14 13 17 21 47 27 16 4 7 2 22 22 11 11 26 6 4 64 16 6 10 5 15 17 14 4 23 3 8 16 7 16 1 19 1 43 1 2 4 2 1 3 2 2 5 1 2 3 3 3 10 1 4 3 14 o 16 7 9 4 1 Total Amount paid. § cts. 12 75 3 50 ? 25 4 25 5 l>:» 11 75 6 75 4 00 1 00 1 75 50 5 50 5 50 2 75 16 00 25 50 llll 75 75 2 00 4 00 1 75 4 00 25 4 75 25 10 75 25 50 1 00 50 25 75 50 50 1 25 25 50 75 75 75 2 50 25 1 00 75 3 £0 50 4 00 1 75 2 25 1 00 0 25 -- fee *£ 5 Q $ Cts. (i no 5 50 2 50 1 00 4 50 3 50 25 6 00 13 25 3 50 1 25 1 00 2 25 2 00 2 75 75 5 75 1 25 3 25 75 25 25 ::. : c . "ft 8 & S sis J MO $ cts, I llll 0 25 1 25 2 75 10 50 1 00 4 75 325 75 1 75 1 00 0 75 1 .50 1 00 0 B . . ■ . - „ — 3— c s> S s oj — a. 60 O > j= O t it-. 11 75 3 00 3 00 8 00 2 50 1 25 1 25 I 50 1 75 50 1 on 2 (HI 2 50 2 75 50 1 50 1 on ■J 75 50 1 50 75 7:. 75 1 On :-; mi 25 7 50 50 25 25 25 1 25 25 75 2 50 25 1 00 75 1 75 50 3 0^ 1 On 0 75 ii 25 184 CORRESPOXDEXCE AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Statement No, 5. — Statement of Fees paid to the Secretary Treasurers of the Local Improvement Districts, .ve. — Continued. — Name of Secretary Treasurer. Local Improvement District *. < . 7. ■^ c - 0 £"•3 = — 2 Total Amount paid. Chargeable to Alberta Gov- ernment. Chargeable in Saskatchewan Government. Chargeable to 1) n m i n i on Government. 4^0 H. E. Benjamin Edmund J. Riley T. H. Attewell F. K. Bowlby C. W. Ibsen 24 7 13 27 27 22 23 30 26 25 28 26 29 27 26 25 29 26 25 23 25 28 22 27 29 26 22 6 8 9 15 13 9 18 18 18 17 S S 7 8 19 17 5 17 19 13 17 13 9 16 15 17 5 i 2 5 5 4 4 3 4 R T A R R M P T A J M B X A T D T D N A M J H J M P R A B A C S P E E D E P P A N B B .T D A A C A B B E H C A A A A D H I J 2 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 14 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 o 3 3 2 3 3 2 o 2 1 2 2 o 2 i 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 s 13 15 15 36 8 8 3 2 3 10 1 c 17 2 5 4 4 3 3 2 5 24 2 26 2 27 5 o 6 11 3 5 2 5 !? 0 4 3 7 24 5 11 4 29 91 34 7 97 30 10 1" 4 22 1 3 108 5 15 5 $ cts. 0 50 1 25 2 00 3 25 3 75 3 75 9 00 2 00 2 00 0 75 0 50 0 75 2 50 0 25 1 50 4 25 (i 50 1 25 1 00 1 00 0 75 " 75 ,i 50 1 25 6 00 0 5u 6 50 i, 50 6 75 1 25 0 50 1 50 2 75 0 75 1 25 ii 50 1 25 ■2 50 1 25 1 1 M t " 75 1 75 6 00 1 25 2 75 1 00 7 25 22 75 s 5" 1 75 24 25 7 5u 2 50 2 50 1 no 5 50 0 25 0 75 27 "0 1 25 3 75 1 25 S cts. S ets. $ ets. 0 50 421 4?" ii 50 0 50 2 75 3 25 2 00 s 25 1 25 1 25 0 25 0 50 0 25 2 25 0 75 1 50 423 0 50 423 424 4?5 0 50 1 75 0 75 4?n il 75 4^7 0 75 4"» J. C. Hennessy Thus. P. Hall M. C. Hoffman 0 50 499 430 0 50 431 0 25 433 s. s. S. Stanswell 0 25 434 George Sutherland 1 50 0 25 0 5" 1 00 ii 25 ii 25 435 4 00 436 J. E. Williams 437 1 25 43S C. N. Brisbin 4311 440 0 75 0 50 441 J. L. Clarice E. H. Wynn o 75 442 443 414 3 75 0 50 5 75 0 75 0 50 0 50 2 25 445 446 J. i;. Wilcher 0 75 447 0 50 6 75 1 25 il 511 0 75 2 75 44* Joseph Cope 4.">0 451 D. Campbell 4fffi ii 75 453 454 n 75 454 o 50 o 50 0 75 2 50 1 25 1 00 0 75 ii 25 0 75 0 75 ii 75 0 75 456 457 H. S. Keys J. C. Moore (add. cheque) D. F. McMillan. II 5n 457 45S 450 460 W. .1. Quinn 1 50 461 5 25 462 463 465 .las. W. Smith J. D. Seney F. W. Taylor 0 50 2 00 1 00 467 R. Mitchell 4 5u 6 25 8 25 1 60 12 25 3 75 i oo I 75 0 75 5 50 ii 25 II 75 23 50 1 00 2 511 1 25 2 75 468 16 50 461 0 25 47' I 0 25 47'' 12 nO 473 475 J. F. Odell \V. E. Walter 3 75 1 50 477 0 75 478 •J. H. Young 0 25 47'' 480 W. J. Maher M (add cheque) W. H. Hunter R. H. Stinson Alex. Wadell 480 '■ IS" 3 60 485 0 25 487 188 1 25 SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 185 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Statement No. 5. — Statement of Fees paid to the Secretary Treasurers of the Local Improvement Districts, ifcc. — Continued. y, -IS!) 4! II I 191 493 496 198 499 500 502 505 506 508 509 510 511 513 614 205 314 29 Name of Secretary Treasurer. Local Improvement ] districts. J. Lucas J as. Smith A. H. Tnttle Thos. H. Clay W. H. Smith •••■.... John Hodges .1. F. Sawatzsky C. H. Haryey J. F. Heath E. Androchowiez F. M. Curtis S. Cosooon W. A. Wilson Win. A. Pain J. H. Flynn John Leitch. Prist Master, C'anora Frank Hamm J. B. Lupton, (add cheque) J. C. H. Willoughby E. Covey, ( add cheque postage and telegrams M M R S T A E E 14 H 21 Z 13 A 22 X 4 E 19 W 15 T 19 T 2 7 D 2 18 C 3 — < . t_ T. ^5 3 6 9 13 9 14 1 6 2 o 4 1 2 1 52 76 17 5 13 Total Amount paid. S cts. 0 75 .-II 25 25 25 50 0 25 1 50 0 50 0 50 1 nil 0 25 0 50 0 25 13 00 19 01) 4 25 1 25 3 25 3 02 2,952 02 „o n !S -- rf u o & £ E o $ cts, 3 02 37S 27 ; B •3"! I « £ % cts. 0 75 1 50 0 50 2 25 0 75 0 25 n 50 0 50 II 50 0 75 12 50 2 :."■ 0 75 o 75 1,292 25 S =- _» c 3 ■fa g so a S cts 1 75 3 25 2 75 1 50 0 50 ii 50 0 25 0 25 12 25 6 50 1 50 0 50 2 50 1,281 50 186 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Statement No. 6. — Refunds on Name. Wheat. Bushels. ( Irade Rate. Deduction Net. Western Canada Flour Mills Co 624 20 1,046 988 4(i 43050 1,012-20 1,01630 1,11810 2,030 1.204 30 935 50 1,037 2,85520 991-10 2 N. 3 N.. 3 N.. 2 X. 2 N . . IN.. IN.. 3 X . 1 5" 4 X. 1 X.. 4 X.. 1 X.. S cts. 1 08i 1 02| 1 03l 1 07 1 1H 1 09" 1 06 1 00j, 1 09§ 0 8Si 1 03* 0 881 1 03£ § cts. 60 74 117 11 89 63 25 85 91 76 73 19 88 56 225 07 94 Co 4 37 1 03 -3 cts. 016 66 955 04 933 63 435 14 Western Canada Flour Mills Co 1,036 99 1.034 80 1.090 69 1,814 48 1,227 34 B23 84 1,072 27 2,519 S3 1 65 1,028 43 900-40 3 X 1 024] 60 65 931 39 999 1,133 20 4 X. 4 X . 0 92 0 92 5 29 919 08 R D Martin Co 1.037 38 1 ct. per bush, correct- ing invoice Apr. 9. 6 39 Ogilvie Flour Mills Co 080 370 027 10 724 50 3 X 3 X.. IX. 4 X . 1 07 1 oil 1 101 1 Olg 2 95 721 65 375 13 691 45 3 14 731 65 940 40 2 X 1 101 1,037 08 3,086-20 l N 0 S8i 3 78 2.727 62 2,699 10 3,169 10 1 N.. 2 X.. 1 05 1 02 2,834 12 3,232 55 0,278 10 311 10 3 X.. 3 X.. 1 00 1 00J 6,2*8 16 313 50 930 919 50 996 2,102 40 2,797 10 3 X\. 2 X 1 H.. 1 X . 2 X.. 0 95| 1 02 1 oil 1 05 1 02 886 98 938 23 0 66 0 97 1.007 79 2.200 83 2,S53 02 - SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 187 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Account of Sales of Grain. Bushels. Grade Rate. 1,78520 1,800 3,1X16 35 22,368 26,952 1,927 7,139-14 4, 201 06 10,107 02 5.059 04 15,386 26 14.305 30 2,157 12 1,176- 8,943- 18 1,899 36,923 18 2,076 16 3,828 1,594 04 1.S72 7,365 343" 2 W 2W. 2 W P.E.I 2W.. Eng.. 1 \V . . 2 \V . . 2\V.. 1W.. 1W.. 2W.. 1 W.. 2\V.. Eng. Eng. Mix. Ens. 1\V Eng. Mix. Mix . Mir Mix. Mix. Mix. Oats. 8 cts. D*duc- Net. tion. 0 39 II 42 0 42i 0 58 o m_ 0 4H 0 38i 0 38" 0 38 0 42J 0 424 0 42i 0 42 0 42 0 48 0 42 0 56 0 43 0 50 0 39: 0 36; 0 29| 0 39 0 70 $ cts. 38 55 38 87 14 00 8 29 5 0- 34 41 8 cts. 696 37 756 00 7,000 00 1,27 .... Barley. Bush. 20 30 9.506 40 11,185 10 703 34 2,674 10 1,582 44 4,287 22 2,145 05 6,504 96 6,008 47 906 09 564 48 3,756 28 t,063 II 15,877 10 1,038 23 1,521 63 585 84 :u 12 2,871 55 240 10 Grade Rate. 8 cts. Deduc- tion. Net. 8 cts. 8 cts. Amount 8 cts 188 CORREXPOXDEXCE AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Sales of Wheat Bushels. Grade Rate. Deductioi X.t. S cts. S cts. S cts. C C Castle Ogilvie Flour Mills Co 87,000.00 tin ah paid on this sale, leaving a balance of $1,109.81. ii M " it H it 1,516 1,802 10,064 2,132 X. 1 X 2 3X. 3X 1 08 1 05 n mil 0 99A 0 92j 1,637 is 1,892 in 9,996 91 2.117 99 1.181 87 1,280 4X 10 3 X . 1 ii7 In 70 14 fil • In 3X. 1 07 7 Hi Kill Shipi>ed to J. O. Lewis Petty sales G C Castle . 6 3n 1 X. 1 18 1 15 1 07 1 m; 1 ul 1 nr T 0 32 2u 28 45 841 55 150 1 4.580 5,046 17.636J 2N 3 X , 3N. 4 X. Mix. IX. 2 X 3X. 4X. 37 58 30 151 ."m 1 "7 R E A. Leach 4.589 20 4.79m 61 n 44 16,74 i 6.375 14 Sold by -I. VV. Martin. Credit Alberta Govt Lang Bros Western Canada Flour Mills. . Ogilvie Flour Mills Co Carnifae Stock Food Co Sold bv J. W. Martin „ "G. Hill to D.W.Campbell R.E. A.Leecli sales acct ■ • ti it it it M ■i ii ii •' ii 'i ii ii ii H Manitoba Commission Co Manitoba Commission Co 77 2 \ 0 97: n 49 74 59 * Tliis is difference betwei n 250 bushels No. 3 wheat at 81 .117 and 240 bushels Xo. :'. wheat retailed at 95c:c. per bushel. SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 189 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Grain — Continued. Oats. Barley. Bushels. Grade Rate . Deduc- tiniis. Net. Bush. ( rrade Rate. Deduc tions. Net. $ Cts. •-? cts. # cts. $ cts. S cts. I cts. .? cts. 23 18 R A I 30 ii 40 II 42 II 45 II 45 0 45 30 60 311 40 76 Eng- 10,303 'P.E.I 6,60018;P.E.I 1,397 P.E.I 414 26 ■' W 3 00 1,109 81 50ii Eng. 0 85 425 0(1 50 1 13 56 50 45 Mix. Eng. 2 \V. 2 W. 2 W. Eng. Eng. Mix 2 W. 1 Spl 2 Spl 1W. 2 W. 3 W. B C Eng. Unt. P.E.I G. Mix. Eng. H 4u II S5 0 21 i 0 70" 0 75 0 88 0 85 0 85 li 7ii 26 92 IS III! 112 L'.ss;, »i 498 95 20 1,170 72 34S 60 526 50 sa so 147,662 59 36 No. 2 1 13 40 70 702 60 12.222 32 190'9 . ; 10,388 65 .", 95 155 3(1 9 15 6 30 38 70 4 627 No. 2 No. 3 1 13 4 52 708 51 157 07 99 82 12,673 40 75 63 75 139 230 n4 ins 324 ( Int. 22 22 3,886* 140" 2,634 67 93 811 129 On 3,402 20 150 10,728 3 70 60 20 1,319 91 1.-77'. 3(11" "i'36' 11 :;r,i, 0 40" 0 36J 0 43" "1V511 43,41n 390 80 723 80 516 1111 1,9»3 1,290 1,500 1,092 17 545 71 ... 2,176 31 14 93 451 80 1 00 80 o0 2,770 30 3,801 06 1,56906 Mix. Mix. ii 11 42 0 35 0 43 0 40 0 45 0 45 2 15 5 25 0 10 1,163 77 1,330 41 674 75 150 0 60 0 50 9 608 00 3,847 2,165 lnl 1,536 65 969 00 45 35 1,216 382 0 48 183 36 386 16 \V. 2 2W. Mix. 2 W. P.E.I Mix. Dam. Eng. 11 41'. 11 38 J (i 41?, 0 334 S6 p. ton 11 -In 0 36J 0 25" 11 42 11 42 n 42 2 70; 157 69 244 94: 512 15 371 80 1.079 24 1,966 16 3,496 16 1.015 26 1,974 24 2,514 158 58 0 20 1 41 181 69 201 22 1,005 60 399 3fi 1,098 70-10 17 57 2.011 844 62 345 88 1,919 04 828-18 4,569 40 190 CORRESPOXDEyCE AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 Sales of Name. Wheat. Bushels. Grade Kate. Dedw- tions. Net. Manitoba Commission Co R. E. A. Leech, Rales S cts. $ cts. S Cts. Ogilvie Flour Mills Co ., Canadian Malting Co >. S4 30 1 cted invoice Shortage, No. 3 wheat. Office samples 1 p.c. dockage not de- Shortage, oats shipped 110 00 1 30 2o 93 i Overpayment, car No. 42HS4. . . 11 08 Canadian Pacific Ry. Co Refund freight charges 2 \v. oats, March, '08. 135 ik) Imperial Elev'rand Lumber Co. 1,150 00 l',2 50 1,456 25 750 o0 20 00 5 00 1,518 75 388 12 743 75 Imperial Elev'r and LumberCo. 506 25 181 25 2fe7 5o 925 00 Less— Cheque to Winnipeg Elevator Co. ' to balance purchase and sale July J. Xesham, account sales 3 40 Storage 127 91 Switching 10 00 97,493 15 981 74 103,2(10 It SEED (ih'.ilN IX SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 191 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Grain* — Concluded. < Ints. Barley. Bushels. Cirade K:lt<'. Deduc- tions, Net. Bush- els. Grade Rate. Deduc- tions. Net. Amount. 0,879 24 2 w. . . Eng . $ cts. 0 40 0 42 0 42 § cts. 4:, 63 § cts. 2,700 25 3,723 17 696 09 ■*> Cts. $ cts. S cts. J ots. 8,804 -.'4 1,65712 "942 50 1,885 0 50 1,952 2 Mix 0 39 201 39 2 IKI 4 37 250 79 780 19 124 04 1,383 33 294,988- 15 4,593 60 131,080 84 4,577 22 22 2,970 98 237,917 93 1,328 88 236,589 05 192 CORRESPOXDEXCE AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 •Sale of Name. Wheat. Bushels. Grade Rate. Manitoba Commission Co. Screenings. International Elevator Co. Northern Elevator Co Anchor Elevator Co Manitoba < 'ommission Co. . . Donald McLean Herriott 4 Milne Sold by McTavish, authority B. E. A. Leach Brackman, Kerr Milling Co. Alberta Grain Co. Northern Elevator Co. Anchor Elevator Co. Western Canada Flour Mills Co Anchor Elevator Co Brackman, Kerr Milling Co. Western Milling Co Calgary Milling Co Western Milling Co Northern Elevator Co Canada Malting Co 5,743 3,280 2,158 2,805 I slump offer) (light and chaffy) . . . 875 757{ 65 58 17753 87 57 $ Cts. 0 31, '= o •_■<;. '.. 0 31$ 0 30 0 26£ Deduc- tions. S cts. ♦5 00 *5 00 -.-, oo I5,950f5 Net. S cts. 1,783 80 854 44 070 06 841 50 230 50 32c 9 89 26 68 13 19 4,754 46 Per ton. SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AXD ALBERTA SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Screenings. 193 ( >.\T>. Barley. Net. Amount. Bushels. 1 Iraile Rate. Deduc- tions. ■3 Cts. Net. Bush. Grade Rate. Deduc- tions. S cts. S cts. $ ets. S cts. $ cts. $ cts. 16,000 S,5ihp 1,163 *14 7:. 0 31 0 28 0 22A 228 50 4,960 on 2,380 00 26] 68 534 33 15 39 85 94 04 1.117 *5 00 171 27 0 36 61 76 11(> 13 *?; mi 3.947 02 0 31 1.223 57 92009 651 15 162 06 0 40 0 40 0 28 n 05 0 28 *3 00 368 10 45 41 141 00 2,819 32 2,580 20 . . 722 57 94 05 1,845 4 ! *5 00 >:, 00 17 19 43 82 ... 516 '9 488 49 1323 41 0 40 *14 50 7 87 187 68 400 70 42,340- 18 10,921 10 1984 14 710 14 16,385 70 *Per ton. 25c— 13 194 CORRESPONDENCE \\h PAPE BS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909' Sales of Surplus Sacks and Miscellaneous Refunds. Name. Western Can. Flour Mills . . \. McNab McEwan, Douglas & West. Alberta Grain Co Brackman, Kerr Milling Co. International Elevator Co. Western Can. Flour Mills. . Alberta Pacific Elevator Co Sai K-. Quantity. Rate. Erb .'c Anderson . . . Western Milling Co.. Erb & Anderson Brackman. Kerr . . . . W. R. Brock M. J. Bastard Simpson Bros Anchor Elevator Co. Sundry Bags W. Stead F. F. Burney J. Richardson & Sons. Anchor Elevator Co. . w 1.002 182 50 12, 174 3,820 2,859 6 1,000 646 5,000 2,000 2,160 660 447 280 6,500 500 1,000 6,000 s. 2,400 9,000 18,280 3,635 350 20 20 506 S.I I, II) 4,500 120 <. twine 2,500 19,500 14,500 130,500 907 268,904 120 lis. twine. per M. per M. per M. S cts. 78 00 0 09 n 14 0 10 n US ii .«;: 0 10 68 00 0 11| 68 60 ii 117 0 07 0 09 0 09 0 07 0 06A 0 10" 0 09 0 03$ 0 06 t 03 0 06 0 03J 0 01 0 05 0 09 0 05 0 07 0 06 0 04 0 20 Deduction. Net Amount. t Bts. 0 06 0 05 0 06 0 06 0 00 0 50 0 .50 15 mi 97 20 •S cts. 78 15 16 38 7 00 1,217 40 305 60 185 84 60 68 00 73 48 343 00 139 50 151 20 59 40 40 23 19 6C 422 00 50 00 90 00 210 00 480 00 72 00 540 00 639 80 21 35 17 50 1 80 1 (HI 35 42 480 00 1,702 80 24 00 150 00 975 00 870 00 7,830 (hi 20 0C 17,333 05 SEED >;i;M\ J.X 8ASKA.TCBEW l\ AND ALBERTA SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Miscellaneous Refunds. 195 Name. Sund- ries. Insur ance. $ cts. Freight. S cts. Administration. Deduc tion. $ cts. Net. Geo. D. Pope .... . . . | E. F. Craig. . . E. Boyer, acct. travelling expenses. . $ cts. § cts. 115 00 2 49 47 58 K. E. A. Leech 2,720 19 D. J. McCarthy .... City of Regina Regina Seed Grain Office. . 61 75 10 55 166 28 W. C. Cowell 3 50 G. E. Wilson. 7 75 W. E. Gladstone 20 80 25 30 R, E. A. Leech Amt. advanced to pay Sec. Treas. fees Furniture purchase, Seed Grain office, 4,000 00 Saskatchewan Govt . . . C. H. Beddoe 445 04 15 80 J. A. McTavish. 68 40 1 00 A. H. Pulford 4 10 36 25 A. D. Chisholm 43 90 4 10 30 20 9 05 C. C. Castle Freight overpaid car No. 14024 ,. „ ,i 42366 C. P. Ry. Co Rebate ear No. 15732 Moosejaw to Allan, Lang & Killam. Ryan Agency Ltd ... 182 62 1,801 82 232 59 373 69 49 14 420 54 33 12 101 95 Ryan Agency Ltd Allan, Lang & Killam. Ryan Agency Ltd Cheque issued James 2 49 3,195 47 89 25 9 40 4 10 7,745 19 2 49 3,195 47 79 85 4 10 7,745 19 2oe— 134 196 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 w> ■< -a c e3 h-! >> -c (8 45 fc- a> XI < ^ O o tri C4 cS * y c3 O #2 o~ _ a - ■- .2-c E a> a> o -tf c C cS HH > -W a ce J= - 43 c H «1 z& £ g co si 13 ID 3 o c IS H a E- <« 15 S — — % cts. 11,595 18 1,1,84 32 1,(124 58 eo cs to CM "3 -.3 t~ t~ X ic ac « c: K OH 3 — 03 X 00 3 "3 > » : - : CO X ©^ •* 1 ■ X . Tj- - w : X ©^ 3 "3 > -; iO O © O U X -f -3* © iflCJ CO © ^& N ™5" ^f d o !8 a' 2 CM CO t— CO pq & ca 6 3 "3 > -; ©CCGM© 5 « CO CO CO W CO ©©CO ^ CO <-. o a < 00* C - - ' « s ■ . ~ tic - - — :. C'= --=• 43 : r- r. O ! SO © r-* « t'. 3 ■— < Tl .-. I'. r^ "5 i a 03 CO C4 iQ — -i co ,r o X 3 "3 — — «3 lC OS f-> * sTcoofeo 1 CO s | X — r. x a ~. -= cr. eb ci n. o OS io 55 co. eo f-* 0 Eh pa Nt-TecTaJ , — - ■d ■T. - .- • .- a 1 -• a -r r_ •". X 3 COCO ■& X *3 > » -I* O • M 01 eot-< -o lO — — ti •* -i*^H CO X ap cc x fl ■pn«isi a d T 5 J-* 70 'CO CO i <-- ■ e »o £ - 01 ■ CO 4-0 - -r ■ ■- c • Ti -/. t-( rr CM ir: ■ • -* cr. <" o ■ -X « c • r- X •Ot.l'BlUO 3 co -r - - s~ ." .~ (~ I- *i T. i— l - — u O .- 1- ?] C © oi -r — . co - : > * l- 1- CO OS oi"t-T -r i— i 01 NT.C X © -C onho: OS •qsn3na on 3 03 Ol X X CO COC CM CM CM 09 ■CTS • 25 £ a ■ CO • ■ CO ^ 1" ■* s s»& ■ CD • ■ CO > • c; • ■ OS '.in '. '. lO ■* ** ■[uiaads "k ■ © ■ © '■'«!l(AV n'jatsaAv W s '. ' s ■ t— -co © •© -rH CM i w • Tl* -CO © ■CO CM © 03 s& CO ■ CO > :co" : CO* •i— i -Ol o •*t«IAV '35 • Ol CO • © • © © «-K>?S9AV g "OX 3 :»o* : io" © © © © © ■4-9 -r C r: t- r 9 a -f © 1MCO ^ 3-J rt" CI CO iQ a &? co«o:n X > -1"*TT i-TcO -^ •a+iqM 03 CM © fr-i-" ~ ~ -T X X^CM t- CO © oa CM uisjsajW E '°X co"conio CM • COTf CO qj HNX • I- X • i" CO o a rH CO CC CM > 90 03 O -5* • X CO -t* CO • CO ■*m.\\ "7 © oi co • CO t- © IU3)89^\ X '°N 3 03 ** re C t : : : ^3 >. V i. :-g^-J c3 he *J < ^O ; OWhJCC SEED GRAIN JN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 197 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c - < X O co co CO S ™ 0 -r -r ^- o ^ o c; CD H°| X in ^ -* t- __; in cs co "7 t*. CL (M cs Q s ■** r-T ! to- H ffi 1 X -ta O *=■ d > « c 5 £ M X* -, - — C3 Ti c; es 1-H ^3 N 70 IC N 3& -r "3 1— ' > « g" CO o & 1 © co =0 t- - 6 - aq 09 tC CO CO a CO b- iH © PH Q CO «■ ■x 3 CO £ jC IQ CN So i> irf" t-T ac ,_ N- CO N X CM -T CO t» »- r- f" co g pq X o> i-3 _ z a < ■ rt +3 0 H * X tc t- s rs £ >> fa o 3 tt = 43 X rt — a> a o 13 ^ PC ON* CO i-l CN PS W j3-»3 t- 198 CORRESPOXDEM-E AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909 a > > o so d < 3 > =4-1 TJ o s) &4 r: - u SO p. * ^3 O 5 XI X S) 05 o ao cS so *3 (-4 O 6* SB a a « 6-1 ■< 02 '=-> -4J o o • .Z C "J ^H cr ca rr 31 X I IS 1-4 •puB[si -a - < - 1 is iC — N 5 '-C GO - N - 1 - Q T t— « x ?l H Y. S ~ CO r i?. o -* ica c X cr X X - "3 as 'Ji erf 77 "~ H /. . ~- 01 a : : "/.> 3 > OQ CD a fc 03 -t zc r (M — ^ ■~z CO fr- - t^ — ■* — ?_ IS b- t- ,5 Vr p" •* t-{ e3 > r ZZ o ^T «- " • X o- CM T N * - 2 p* --T c 0 "t^ 3 i-T &K pq " IS o O * 7 31 r; a - lT 2 cc t> Ir. CO - S£ t- 2 f. ts ri eo -J"*" > C7 © c ci IS £J — 1- — IT a "* OJ * is N ; " >> : o 0. t£ < i ! c b 2 : I . c -5 > 1 5 p En c T Cf i & _: -jl 7* ~ o X i-t C3i t-i -m H S — o — OS 3 i-* PQ rH - - < -_- Eh PS o PS =3 s ; - 200 CORRESPOXDEXCE AM) PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 1909' a CD be < -r a ce P a re ■s j= -2 ce /: 02 t*-i °» CD O S2 1- CD CD * s > CO .*i re O B tT 3 °rn ■ -S-o"* « ®S ■ &> 3d CD S CD ■8* *l .2 & ■S a S.2 CD O ^3 CD -^ S= e*H C o o &: c .5 > -3 3 c as a SB a: S u H ■*! 3 « £* ^ £ 5 i o c s :..:•- c « ■* h N ir, t- /. — cc-Cf rex cm *r t- o^«— c-i © t-- cm" - ■ to x C-l © t^ iD 00 t- — • .fl to cm oo: xmswfior.- © TT iO«OC?ll-X IN" fT"T-P ■*'"df ffl M CO N M N tO iO ^ Hf tox«^-xo ■*XKi-':n;'; S i - o N lO lO r - ct t Cl e»i-HOC4CQC0eD3C « i '- x 3 « £ j. -S, Z % o © IT C tfl C iQ Cl h- ** ^ cotorttcecootr:'* ~z o cd to r i." ~ i* i* i- i Xt-ONSOOc: z o ■/. ION CO* CO*" CO CO p4 Cf 8 ft i-h CO (M 7-1 0 ** ->* c»* -KtXnr-iC5 ;V iC C-l © -r 'X C ~ x rf« i-H-rifi^-tO — r-'TT" t» C MOOOOSNf © C-l TK ? 1 -^ © CM •A *5 r .-. ic © © — o c 3 wi»tom«wos a! U ^-i©xi«iot*»ao CM © © »-i co r*iQ t- pj tO t-^. M •*- ^ © tf t^- M Oi ^ ^i— '?f©" BOCJ ft - "/. ©* r-T i-T ci t-T »c ©' tr co" Cl CO © -*5 *|K-4N 95 - <* . . O © 2 ■[■Biosdg 00 a pa • © © s 8}IU jj\ UJ3?S3^ 1— 1 ■ -© -(M • CM S C • »Q • »o u Tf -CO • s "5 CO ■ t- • l> 9S> r-< ;*Q ; t- "*>!MA\ "ao S pa : © -CD ■ © ■ in ■ n -35 • tQ O nasjsaji g •[>£! f-T oooooooo © o N os © >r. c -r fi ft -r 1 - © T Tf © © l^. © X ■**vm -C -r x © flfr : : <-"■ •rf?!MA\ X f( gt o tO • - © ft • • t^. ■ •TH-- © X U19)SS^ x -nj; s : : : : :^r cm" B0 C = : : : : = = O i-q i • .3 : • ■ u • ■ • « : 1 o Eh II Moose Prince o SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 201 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c *r ~ x t~ to X i" i— W CD -* CO •■*• i-« -- C5 -9- OC i~ CO 3 > M — -r 01 ;s ■\,*J5X3J.;"X I H C efirfod < S s 03 a s o Eh 8-9 EDWARD VII.. A. 1909 71 »MO»H 7i r ,— © ■U onennnocc w V — — X 1- t C 71 00 d ^ cm t— -?■ cc © cm C. x NHNSSOt-S O0 •y> — — cc c r~ ■:: to x « cc :: -h © -r • i-C O © *-• Ot © d CM f-H iO QC;CI>OQDO^CC I *o © r- cc 71 C 71 ?t © r- tc x r <". 71 •— to cc X f— .n r — ~ © X d CI fH o £ pq . 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X l- X v. \z C-l «* l- N P3 *W la l>. C T1 X — — -r :o t- r CO -l -^: L- C ^ as c t^ i-h I -" I 3 IS m' o 60 <1 O ■2-° >| SSgS 33 23 « a 3 On # £ > M 44 09 Dominion Government — Alberta Liens — Wheat Oats 15,269 35 51,980 17 7,860 28 Saskatchewan Lines- Wheat 75,109 80 132 23 165,556 14 8,523 59 Share of cost 32H.511 96 105,046 62 1,281 50 507,949 88 1.373. SOS 27 Refunds 281,335 80 tiross expenditure 1,655,144 07 ii Cost- 31,2 147, 6?3 09 105,046 62 283,909 79 SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 205 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c Statement No. 9. — Statement showing Grain and Sacks Purchased, Distributed and Sold in connection with the Seed Account of 1908. Gain and Sacks Purchases. 1 »istribution. Sales Including Screenings. Shrinkage. Bushels. Amount. Bushels. Amount. Bushels. Amount. Bushel,. Wheat Oats 577,364 28 1.024.861 04 50,807 34 8 cts. 5 .7,550 70 671,169 18 46,302 63 s cts. 163,086 504,436 83 677,119 534,359 20 42.611 48,150 13 113,44341 339,493 21 6,561 14 S cts. 108,020 57 141,273 06 3,681 12 834 47 8,248- 17 1,63520 1,285.022 60 1,086,046 46 252,! 174 75 Memo : Purecased by Alberta Government — 1,000 Bushels Garton Regenerated Abundance Oats $ 1,291 03 ' V. Cash on account 391 30 Balance due $ 930 73 Purchased by Saskatchewan Government — 144204 Bushels Garton Regenerated Abundance Oat.s $ 1,889 55 Statement No. 10. — Statement of Freight Paid in connection witfi Seed Grain Distribution, of 1908. General Freight Freight on English Oats Fright on Oats from Outrun ■ Freight on Garton Oats Less refund Canadian Racific Railway Canadian Pacific. $ cts. 65,028 89 40,243 36 472 94 345 83 106,091 02 79 85 106,011 17 Canadian Northern. $ cts. 27,690 15 27,690 15 27,690 15 Total. $ cts. 133,701 32 206 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. '9091 i i:\ient No. 11. — Statement of Expenditure for Handling. Sarking and Cleaning Grain in connection with Seed Grain Distribution of 190*. Particulars. Alberta Grain Co Anchor Elevator Co C. E. Barnhart Brackman-Ker Milling Co Calgary Milling Co Canada Malting Co Canadian Pacific Railway Ci >. . rge Hill . International Elevator Co. A. E. McKenzie & Co D. McLean C. Nairn Northern Elevator Co Ogilvie Flour Mills Co Ernest Parker Western Canada Flour Mills Co. Winnipeg Elevator Co Western Milling Co Grand Total. Amount. s , t- 224 75 879 81 25 Oil 806 65 337 99 771 58 205 41 16 25 ,724 22 los !C> 384 39 444 37 753 41 091 32 6 63 ,948 72 979 41 ,010 59 47,719 48 SEED GRAIN IN SASKATCHEW l\ AND ALBERTA 207 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25c No. 12. — Statement of Duty paid in Connection with Seed Grain Distribution of 1908. Duty on Eng. Oats. Per S.S. Empress of Ireland (1st '. - Lake Champlain ...... . . . Empress of Britain Victorian Athenia Sardinian Lake Erie Salaeia Corsican Empress jf Ireland (2nd) .... Montrose Shenandoah Montreal Virginian Hestia Brackman-Ker Milling Co. — Duty on American Barley Collector of Customs — Duty on English oat sacks Collector of Customs — Duty on English oat sacks W. G. Bell & Co J. R. Wells W. G. Bell&Co Duty on Barley. Anchor Elevator Co. W. Carson. 2,552 97 2,443 '21 4.039 21 i,2i:. 2o 666 82 1,904 77 3.712 lo 579 07 1,1. -.7 52 3,183 11 2,275 56 2,968 00 3,332 56 172 no 1,074 08 31,277 08 Duty 'in Sack'. Bro- kerage. Cfinmis skill. Grand total. 1,493 or, 328 so 1,042 7S 1,493 06 1,371 58 5 00 33 00 6 50 111 00 155 50 11 76 8 73 1,100 76 1,127 25 35,425 07 208 CORREsPOXDFXCF AXD PAPERS 8-9 EDWARD VII., A. 'i909 No. 13. — Statement Showing Expenditure for Insurance, Inspection, Weighing, dsc., Seed Grain Advances, 1908. Amount. Insurance — Ryan Agency Ci i Allan, Lang, Killara & McKay Weighing and Inspt ction — W. W. Cumming, Grain Inspector 3. A. McTavish. " Chief Grain Inspector, Government inspection fees . . C. S. Langille, Grain Inspector F. E. Endersby ,. -Ta*. Birch n F. E. Gibbs H. Labelle G. McDougall R. D. Prettie J. D. Fraser Canadian Bank of Commerce acct. Inspector, Pictou. J. A. Black A. L. Hastings W. Anderson Canadian Northern Ky Canadian Pacific Ry Anchor Elevator Co Ogilvie Flour Mills Co Calgary Milling Co Canada Malting Co International Elevetor Co Premiums on Grain — Herriott & Milne. . . Imperial Elevatoi O i Storage — Winnipeg Elevator Cc North Star Grain Co British American Elevator Co.. 4,083 40 1,390 00 1,126 57 627 35 217 85 212 00 147 90 135 00 39 00 22 02 12 80 2 2:. '.'7 in 70 00 75 00 100 00 6 91 20 24 15 47 50 16 50 8 00 6 75 4 25 598 mi 150 00 H '7 04 106 52 103 24 Superintending Shipments of English Oats at St. John. Less Refunds Total. :..473 40 3.123 19 74S ihi 317 40 532 62 10,194 61 3,197 96 6,996 65 ">